| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1224
Thomas J. Kane AF 00-001 |
| Title: | Resonant Frequency Converter Integrated with Ytterbium Fiber Amplifier |
| Abstract: | Ytterbium-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers promise to reach output levels well over 10 Watts, approaching 100 Watts, at wavelengths near 1 micron. We propose an architecture for frequency converting the output of fiber amplifiers. We believe that this architecture will allow construction of multi-Watt laser sources over a wide wavelength range with unprecedented small size, power consumption, and weight, while maintaining diffraction-limited beam quality. This laser system would consist of a low power, fiber-coupled single-frequency laser amplified to high power in a Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier. The output of the fiber amplifier would be frequency converted to the 1.4 to 5 microns wavelength range needed for IR countermeasures. The frequency conversion would be by a pump-resonant optical parametric oscillator (PROPO). The expected output power would be 2-5 Watts in the IRCM wavelength range. The input electrical power requirement would be below 60 Watts, much lower than for Nd:YAG lasers. No liquid cooling would be required. The overall system would have a volume of about 1 liter. Only the fiber-coupled PROPO output stage, which has a small fraction of the size, weight and heat dissipation of the complete system, needs to be located near the critical telescope components. |
| ADVR, INC.
910 Technology Blvd Suite K Bozeman, MT 59718 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 522-0388
Gregg Switzer AF 00-002 |
| Title: | Phase-locked Fiber Laser Array |
| Abstract: | A rugged method for generating continuous wave (cw) laser beams in the multi-kilowatt regime by phase locking lasers using a compact device (~5x20x30 mm) is proposed. The concept employs an array of electro-optically controlled waveguides in Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP). The phase of each beam is controlled by altering the index of refraction of each waveguide in the array with an individually addressable voltage. The number of waveguides and electrodes is easily increased, making this method highly scalable. Combining 20 currently available high-power fiber lasers will lead to cw laser beams in the kilowatt regime; an array of 16 waveguides is proposed here. Waveguides in KTP have significant advantages over other materials such as lithium niobate. KTP advantages include a high electro-optic Figure of merit (~36 pm/V), a high threshold for optical damage (~1 GW/cm2), low susceptibility to photo-refractive damage, and the ability to form low loss (0.5 dB/cm) waveguides using standard ion exchange techniques. KTP is transparent from 350 nm to 4500 nm, so the device will work with many different kinds of lasers. Most importantly, this technique provides a direct path to achieving tens of kilowatts of cw laser power using currently available high-power fiber lasers. |
| PC PHOTONICS
64 Windward Way Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 443-4356
Peter K. Cheo AF 00-002 |
| Title: | Injection Locking of a Clad-Pumped Multicore Fiber Laser Array |
| Abstract: | This proposal introduces an innovative idea to generate a very high output power from a clad-pumped multicore fiber laser array embedded in a common low loss cladding with a unique "isometric" structure. An injection technique is used to actively phase lock the array emitting in the in-phase supermode. A double-clad multicore fiber laser array consisting of a total of seven single-mode fibers spaced within a circle of 28 micron in diameter will be used. A computer analysis of the far-field radiation patterns indicated that a high brightness laser beam with an amplitude 40 dB greater than the side lobes, can be obtained form this multicore fiber laser array for the in-phase supermode with a V-value of ~2 and a core separation of 1.5 times the core diameter. We have also analyzed threshold requirements for generating supermodes by using coupled mode theory. Results indicate that the thresholds for the higher order supermodes are lower than that of the fundamental supermode. Therefore, an injection-locking technique must be developed to suppress the higher order supermodes. Under the Phase I-SBIR, various injection schemes will be explored for the purpose of establishing a stable laser oscillation in the fundamental in-phase super mode of phase locked, clad-pumped fiber laser array. Other important issues to be addressed in Phase I are: the optimum core size and core separation for scaling the output power from a clad-pumped fiber laser array up to 1 kW, and the cladding dimension which can reliably accommodate the pump laser power to 1.6 kW at 915 nm without causing catastrophic damage to the cladding material. |
| APOLLO INSTRUMENTS, INC.
18019 Sky Park Circle, Suite F Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 756-3111
Alice Gheen AF 00-003 |
| Title: | High Brightness High Efficiency Fiber-Coupled Laser Diode |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a general method for the development of a fiber-coupled laser diode that is highly efficient at the conversion of electrical power into a high brightness laser beam. The overall goal of this program is to deliver 500W of power, CW, from a single fiber with a brightness of 1MW cm-2 sr-1. As a Phase I demonstration, a device of over 100W will be built with the same brightness and a coupling efficiency of 70%. Advanced optical coupling techniques developed at Apollo Instruments will provide the basis for construction of the system. The laser system will be highly compact, simple, and low in cost. The success of the program will eliminate a major obstacle in current fiber laser development. The enabling technology will also benefit laser material processing, diode pumped solid-state lasers, and high power laser beam transmission. One of the main guidelines in the system design is to develop a high performance fiber-coupled laser diode system that system that is easy to realize, simple to use, and inexpensive to build. |
| CUTTING EDGE OPTRONICS, INC.
20 Point West Blvd. St. Charles, MO 63301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(636) 916-5656
Joseph Levy AF 00-003 |
| Title: | High-Brightness Fiber-Coupled Laser Diodes |
| Abstract: | We with major collaboration from Cynosure Corporation propose to develop high-brightness fiber-coupled laser diode arrays. This will allow for hair removal systems using fiber delivery, create improved pumping schemes of host materials, such as Nd:YAG, facilitate pumping of fiber lasers and provide for more industrial applications of diode lasers in material processing applications such as welding, cutting and marking. We will develop lower-divergence higher-brightness diode bars along with optics to preserve the brightness of the laser diode array. Specifically, we will design arrays with bars that have less than 3 degrees FWHM divergence in their slow axis, and 30 degrees output in the fast axis, while operating at high-power. Arrays designed with these lower-divergence bars are coupled to fiber optics with the aid of custom diffractive optics from Cynosure Corporation that correct for imperfections in the diode laser array manufacture and collimate the array to the maximum extent possible. To reduce the slow axis divergence to 3 degrees or less, technology to create passive regions for extended cavities and non-absorbing mirrors at the facets will be evaluated. We will demonstrate the technology using small subscale arrays. Complete designs will be developed for implementation in Phase II. |
| LAMBDA INSTRUMENTS
1607 Glade Road Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-0568
Jon Greene AF 00-004 |
| Title: | Polarization-Maintaining Dual-Clad Yb-doped Fiber |
| Abstract: | Optical fiber lasers are gaining widespread interest due to their numerous advantages over traditional gas and solid state lasers including extremely high damage thresholds, excellent beam quality, superior wavelength and temperature stability, small size, and very high powers using novel double-cladding fiber (DCF). DCF lasers are a unique solution for obtaining high-power diffraction-limited laser beams due to the ability to inject multiwatt pump powers into their large-area, large numerical aperture primary cladding. To date, however,polarized DCF lasers have not been demonstrated and may be critical to the future success of non-linear optical wavelength converters and coherence-based power combiners for kilowatt class lasers. During Phase I, Lambda Instruments proposes to investigate the feasibility of fabricating Yb-doped polarization-maintaining DCF as well as using conventional Yb-doped DCF with novel fiber grating polarizers to demonstrate a polarized, high-power DCF laser. |
| FARR RESEARCH, INC.
614 Paseo Del Mar NE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 293-3886
Everett G. Farr AF 00-005 |
| Title: | Automatic Time Domain Antenna Range and Pseudo Anechoic Chamber |
| Abstract: | For companies engaged in the development of new antenna designs, antenna measurement systems represent a huge initial cost, and a significant barrier to entry into the market. Antenna measurement systems typically use a frequency domain Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and anechoic chamber or large outdoor range. The cost of such systems generally starts at around $300,000, which is more than most small companies can afford. When characterizing ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas, the cost of frequency domain measurements is even greater, because the data must be taken at many frequencies, which requires additional time. To address these cost and time issues, a new technology is now available that allows one to measure the characteristics of antennas in the time domain. Such time domain antenna ranges will have one-quarter the cost of a conventional range. They will provide meaningful measurements over two decades of bandwidth, in either the frequency or time domain. They will also be easily stowed and deployed as required. During Phase I we will assemble a prototype antenna measurement system. We will add features to an existing system, including computer control of the azimuth and elevation of the antenna under test, and a basic signal processing package. This system can also serve as a pseudo anechoic chamber for electromagnetic measurements. Such a system can measure coupling transfer function and backscattering parameters. |
| GEMFIRE CORP.
2471 E. Bayshore Road #600 Palo Alto, CA 94303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 849-6831
Douglas J. Bamford AF 00-006 |
| Title: | Portable Laser Illuminator Based on Frequency-Doubled Diode Lasers |
| Abstract: | The U.S. military needs portable laser illuminators operating in the blue and green regions of the spectrum for use in non-lethal weapons. Existing devices, based on the frequency-doubling of diode-pumped solid state lasers, are too inefficient and expensive to be of practical use. Our innovation is an alternative source of blue/green radiation which is more efficient (because the diode laser radiation is frequency-doubled directly) and less expensive (because it is manufactured using low-cost laser diodes and processing/packaging techniques borrowed from the semiconductor industry). During Phase I we will prove the feasibility of our approach by developing an innovative process for fabricating an efficient frequency doubler, measuring the doubling efficiency, and calculating the performance to be expected from a portable laser illuminator based on our approach. During Phase II we will construct a prototype laser illuminator, measure its performance, and deliver it to the Air Force. |
| GT TECHNOLOGIES
19 Courtney Rd. Farmingville, NY 11738 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 696-4898
Zhimin Liu AF 00-007 |
| Title: | Electro-Optic Devices for Search and Rescue |
| Abstract: | Combat search and rescue (SAR) capability is becoming increasingly important. Laser interrogating and transponding conception is well suited to rapidly identify and precisely pinpoint the downed personnel from the flying searching platform at a distance < 4km with high certainty. The principal operation is based on detecting strong reflection of the searching laser illumination from an optical transponder that is carried by the downed personnel, modulating with an identifying beacon. In this program, GT Technologies proposes to develop an innovative laser transponder which has many desired performance advantages of: low optic insertion loss (high reflectance), robustness, polarization independent operation, wide operation temperature range, broad wavelength response, compact, lightweight, very low energy consumption, and low cost. The simplicity in construction, low power requirement, and cost effectiveness make the proposed laser transponder particularly suited for wide deployment, equipping all personnel at risk. Moreover, the innovative transponder can also function as a communication system, covertly and securely transmitting voice and data. A prototype laser transponder will be demonstrated during Phase I program. |
| OPTICAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
472 Westover Road Stamford, CT 06902 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 348-8761
Gerald Falbel AF 00-007 |
| Title: | Electro-Optic Devices for Search and Rescue |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes a laser scanner/receiver retro-reflector system designed to locate and identify downed aircraft personnel on sea or land. It is composed of an 810 nm. Semiconductor diode laser and a silicon array receiver, whose fields of view are mechanically scanned in a cross-track direction to the flight path of the search aircraft to cover a 5800 ft. wide or larger area under the aircraft flight path. The laser energy reflected by the retro-reflector provides a very large signal-to-detector noise and background noise so as to provide highly reliable detection of the downed personnel, who mounts the retro-reflector on his head. Using GPS input, the computer for the system defines the coordinates of the detected "hit" location and directs the pilot of the search aircraft to confirm the location of the "hit". An optional, secondary, narrow field laser/receiver, used in to perform IFF-recognition functions on the downed personnel by electro-optical means in a radio silent regime, is also described.In this Phase I effort, only the wide field scanner will be fabricated and will be tested before delivery from a stationary location on the roof of a tall building or at the edge of a cliff. Although the GPS and radar altimeter inputs required for airborne operation of the system will not be provided as part of Phase I, suitable "hooks" for these inputs will be incorporated into the delivered software to accept these inputs during flight testing. A full interface specification to ease the flight test integration will also be delivered in this Phase I program. The scanner is designed to be installed on a pitch stabilized platform allowing a ±90° cross-track scan, in either a helicopter of a light aircraft capable of flying at 111 knots. Roll stabilization in the scanner mount is considered desirable but is not required for reasonable aircraft roll dynamics. In addition to this proposal, we are submitting a proposal in response to Topic AF00-255 for a Laser Navigation Aid, which assists aircraft in landing in airports in a radio silent environment. The system proposed for this Topic is highly similar to that proposed herein, requiring relatively minor changes in hardware and software. Therefore, if OPTICAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES INC. is selected to perform both efforts the cost for developing the instrument for Topic AF00-255 will be significantly reduced relative to its stand-alone cost, because of shared costs for program management and software. |
| AC MATERIALS, INC.
2721 Forstyh Road Suite 264 Winter Park, FL 32792 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 679-3395
Arlete Cassanho AF 00-008 |
| Title: | High-Efficiency Mid-Infrared Solid-State Lasers |
| Abstract: | A potentially efficient 4 micron laser is proposed that can deliver a series of 5 pulses in 0.5 seconds. Then after a relaxation time to cool down the system, a new series of pulses can be emitted. The laser will consist of a Ho doped BaY2F8 crystal pumped by a flashlamp pumped 890 nm Cr:LiSAF laser.The primary goal of the Phase I project is o demonstrate feasbility of the scheme and to develop design criteria for following Phase II project that will meet the requirements of the Air Force. |
| DIGITAL OPTICS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
64 Daly Drive Extension Stoughton, MA 02072 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 297-7916
Selim Shahriar AF 00-009 |
| Title: | High-Power, High-Brightness Beam Combination of Semiconductor Lasers using Multiple Gratings in a High Efficiency Thick Hologram |
| Abstract: | We propose to use a high efficiency, thick hologram for producing a diffraction- limited beam by combining multiple semiconductor lasers into a single aperture. For incoherent combining, N lasers are tuned (via temperature, for example) to be Dl apart from its neighbors. Using N gratings in a hologram of thickness d, these beams can be combined into a single aperture, producing a diffraction limited beam with a net intensity close to 90% of the sum of the input intensities. For 980 nm lasers, for example, d= 2 mm is enough to combine lasers with Dl =0.05 nm. N can be up to 20 for the dynamic range currently achieved in our holographic substrate. Using another combining stage where the wavelength width of each channel is greater than 20Dl, the process can be cascaded. For coherent combining, (N-1) lasers are first injection locked to a master laser. N gratings in a thick hologram are then used to produce a multi-wave mixing process. Under a specific set of relations between the amplitudes and phases of the input beams, controllable via feed-back, a diffraction limited output beam is produced, with an intensity close to 90% of the sum of the input intensities. |
| QEI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2715 S. St Paul Denver, CO 80210 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 692-0331
John A. Bognar AF 00-010 |
| Title: | Portable Microwave Refractometer System for Sensing Refractive Index and Humidity Fluctuations |
| Abstract: | The measurement of atmospheric refractive index, its variations, and humidity fluctuations is very important in understanding and predicting the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the atmosphere. This is important to a variety of Air Force technologies such as the Airborne Laser and ground-based lasers. It is also important in explaining the behavior of clear-air radars. QEI proposes to develop a lightght microwave refractometer for airborne use which will measure the above quantities. The instrument is designed to directly measure the speed of propagation of the microwaves, as opposed to previous indirect methods. It will be constructed using commercial off-the-shelf electronics and advanced materials which nearly eliminate thermal considerations which affect other designs. It will make high-speed measurements of the radio refractivity of the atmosphere, the radio refractive index structure constant, and humidity. In Phase I, a prototype refractometer will be fabricated and tested. In Phase II, a final ruggedized design will be completed for Air Force use. Extensive field tests will be carried out with the system to ensure it meets Air Force needs. |
| QUADRANT ENGINEERING, INC.
107 Sunderland Road Amherst, MA 01002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(413) 549-4402
James Mead AF 00-010 |
| Title: | Radio Refractometer for High Resolution Gradient and Turbulence Measurements of Atmospheric Refractive Index. |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR proposal seeks support to design and construct arevolutionary compact, versatile, radio refractometer system. The refractometer will be capable of accurately (better than 0.5 ppm) sensing atmospheric refractive index gradients and turbulent fluctuations at sufficiently small scales so that it can be used to validate signal propagation models which are used/proposed to predict performance of a variety of VHF, UHF and microwave communications and remote sensing systems. Modern solid state RF and signal processing electronics will be used to activate a sensing cavity, to process its output signal and to display atmospheric refractive index fluctuations in real time. The sensing cavity will be designed using a low cost, high stability material, such as electroplated ceramic. To minimize the adverse and uncertain effects of turbulence at high air speeds, the sensing cavity will be designed for enclosure in a flow controlling aerodynamic housing. Comparative test and evaluation of the prototype instrument will be done using critical components from a Thompson-Vetter laboratory standard refractometer. Calibration and field testing will be performed at the comprehensive "Rock Springs" micrometeorological/turbulence field site operated by the Department of Meteorology at Penn State University. |
| CU AEROSPACE
2004 S. Wright St. Extended Urbana, IL 61802 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(217) 333-8274
David L. Carroll AF 00-011 |
| Title: | Advanced Chemical Iodine Lasers for the ABL |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of CU Aerospace's Phase I work will be to define and model a promising All Gas-phase Chemical Iodine Laser (AGIL) concept. This work will include the identification of key chemical and kinetic reactions and a laser design concept to be fabricated and tested in Phase II. This technology will logically include some novel all gas phase generation techniques for an energy donor for iodine and the injection of atomic rather than molecular iodine. Phase I research will include trade studies on the candidate methods for the creation of an all gas phase energy donor as well as for injecting atomic iodine. This research will lead directly to designs that will be fabricated and tested extensively with detailed diagnostics to evaluate the chosen design's performance attributes in Phase II. |
| MICROCOSM, INC.
401 Coral Circle El Segundo, CA 90245 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 726-4100
Mr. Randolph Schaffer AF 00-012 |
| Title: | Structural Concepts and Components |
| Abstract: | Microcosm proposes to fabricate an all-composite, long service life pressure vessel that is functional at cryogenic temperatures and is compatable with LOX. Phase I will define a basic resin system for a composite lined pressure vessel with a design operating pressure of 600 psig and a minimum cylce life of one hundred fifty (150) cycles. Composite Technology Development, Inc. will also participate by developing and testing resins and adhesives. CTD is a specialist in cryogenic resin/adhesive development and fabrication. Presently CTD is also performing development work on an all composite cryogenic tank. The fabrication process proposed by Microcosm will utilize room temperature non-autoclave cure, and wet fabrication methods. Microcosm proposes to fabricate and test one full-size, 42 inch diameter by 135 inch long complete pressure vessel. Phase II would refine the process and include composite ports and the addition of composite tank skirts fabricated integral with the tank for further weight reduction. |
| MZA ASSOC. CORP.
2021 Girard SE Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 245-9970
Steve C. Coy AF 00-012 |
| Title: | WaveTrain: A Commercial Quality Tool for Wave Optics Simulation |
| Abstract: | Laser weapons systems and compensated imaging systems use adaptive opticstechnology to sense the optical effects of turbulence, and compensate for them in real time. To develop such systems, one must be able to make reliable performance predictions, but using pure mathematical analysis this is extremely difficult to do. In general, the more stressing scenarios are the hardest to analyze, but they are also the most important from a design perspective, because they determine the system's operational envelope. Fortunately, there is an approach that can handle these cases: high fidelity computer simulation, using two-dimensional complex meshes to model optical wavefronts as they propagate across the atmosphere and through the system optics. This technology, called wave optics simulation, is well developed, and well anchored to both theory and experiment. Unfortunately, wave optics codes have always been extremely difficult to use, because one must be expert not only in adaptive optics, but also in the subtleties of wave optics simulation, and the peculiarities of the particular code. There is a recognized need for a user-friendly wave optics tool, and we have been working to develop just such a tool, called WaveTrain. Under this SBIR we propose to expand and accelerate this effort. |
| OPTICAL SCIENCES CO. (GA TYLER & ASSOC)
1341 S. Sunkist St. Anaheim, CA 92806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 772-7668
Terry J. Brennan AF 00-012 |
| Title: | Wave Optics Simulation |
| Abstract: | A user-friendly yet powerful approach to wave optics simulation isproposed. The approach integrates an existing library of wave optics computational tools with a powerful and extensible Matlab front end based on object oriented programming techniques. It is shown that wave optics simulation requirements fit very naturally into Matlab's object oriented paradigm. The simulation tool will have both a command line and GUI executive capability as well as several GUI support tools. A large library of models will incude propagation algorithms, turbulence models, sensor and corrector models, servo control models, data analysis tools, and graphical tools. The library will be fully exensible by the user with the ease of Matlab programming. The Phase I effort will result in a fully functional prototype which demonstrates the feasibility of using Matlab's object oriented capabilities to develop the complete tool. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
20600 Gramercy Place Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Ilya Agurok AF 00-013 |
| Title: | Comprehensive Beam-forming Using Multi-conjugated Optics |
| Abstract: | The Air Force is soliciting a new adaptive optics system that will be able to completely compensate for atmospheric turbulence over the path of a high-power laser beam. Atmospheric turbulence results in phase distortion and intensity scintillation of the probing beam at the entrance pupil of the beam directing system. Due to the high-power of the laser beam, it is impossible to use any absorption or dispersion techniques to create the required amplitude distribution. Only a deformable mirror technique can be used for beam energy redistribution. POC proposes a method for calculation of the phase deformation required at one mirror to compensate the amplitude distribution at the entrance pupil of the system. The analysis of the deformable mirror's flexibility will determine the number of deformable mirrors required to perform the amplitude distribution at the entrance pupil. In Phase I of this project, we will develop an optical system design and test the design through simulation and modeling. |
| KESTREL CORP.
6624 Gulton Court NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-2327
Andrew Meigs AF 00-014 |
| Title: | Distorted Grating Wavefront Sensor |
| Abstract: | Kestrel Corporation proposes a new technology that offers the opportunity to use phase diversity wavefront sensing under high scintillation conditions and with passive extended target references. Based on the use of a distorted optical grating technology, this proposed Phase I SBIR will show that it is feasible to provide, simultaneously, the images before and after the entrance pupil that are needed to execute the phase diversity algorithms. The work will demonstrate that these algorithms can be completed in time frames compatible with the compensating atmospheric aberrations. |
| QORTEK, INC.
4121 Jacks Hollow Road Williamsport, PA 17702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(570) 745-3555
Gareth Knowles AF 00-015 |
| Title: | Functionally Integrated Fast Steering Mirror |
| Abstract: | The proposed technology promises to meet the requirements by introducing a newpiezoelectronically driven colocated sensoriactuation system. The novel sensor promises to enable 1nm resolution and 20 KHz bandwidth in a small package. The actuation mechanism is a unique high stiffness and shear strength actuation mechanism capable of driving at high-bandwidth with no low coupling modes present. |
| SVS, INC.
4411 the 25 Way NE, Suite 350 Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 449-4696
Mike Meline AF 00-015 |
| Title: | Advanced High Bandwidth, Large Dynamic Range, Large Size, Fast Steering Mirror |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of this SBIR will be to perform the design processes leading to a preliminary design of an Advanced Fast Steering Mirror (AFSM) traceable to ABL and applicable to tracking tests underway at NOP. Trade studies, control simulations, modal analysis, and thermal analysis will be performed to produce an AFSM design which strikes an effective balance of performance drivers and available technology for actuators, flexures, and mirror sensors. The AFSM electronics will support implementations of control algorithms as developed by Mr. Karl Schrader, an SVS employee, in his Master's Thesis Paper titled: "A Modulated White Light Interferometer forSensing Sub-Wavelength Structural Disturbances". Karl will also investigate a new High Resolution Si Position Sensor (HRSPS) developed by The University of New Mexico. Karl has been granted the use of prototype sensors, from UNM, for development and application to this project. Mr. Mike Meline will lead the effort as Program Manager and Principle Investigator. Mike has 20 years of experience with design, fabrication and test of fast steering mirrors, and has published several fundamental papers on beam steering mirror technology. Mike will guide the SVS team through the design trades and technology selections culminating in a Preliminary Design Review (PDR) by the end of Phase I of this effort. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Suite 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
R.K.Mehra/Constantino Rag AF 00-016 |
| Title: | Bayesian Tracking for Optimal Exploitation of a Priori Information |
| Abstract: | Scientific Systems Company, Inc. (SSCI) and itssubcontractor Lockheed Martin Tactical Defense Systems (LMTDS) propose to develop and demonstrate a concept-feasibility algorithm capable of optimally tracking targets within two- and three-dimensional images that are corrupted by background noise, target signature distortion effects (e.g. scintillation), etc. We propose to do this by using recursive Bayesian nonlinear filtering to optimally exploit all available a priori information (e.g. target shape, sensor noise statistics, clutter statistics, anticipated target motion statistics). Our baseline approach will be an LMTDS-developed approximate nonlinear filtering technique called Bayes-closed spectral compression. If n denotes the number of internal filter parameters, this filter has best-possible computational efficiency for a completely on-line technique: either O(n) or O(n log n) depending on the implementation. Unlike ad hoc approximation techniques, it is theoretically guaranteed not to diverge because of accumulation of approximation error and similar difficulties. A primary goal will be to model target shape, model (possibly time-correlated) background noise, model (possibly time-correlated) target signature distortion effects such as scintillation, and incorporate these models into a sensor likelihood function f(z|x). This work will be greatly aided by existing development in nonlinear filtering being conducted by SSCI and LMTDS under the AFRL/SNAT-sponsored ``Space-Based Targeting Technologies'' project. |
| OPTOLOCITY, INC.
7159 E. Cortez Rd. Scottsdale, AZ 85260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 991-4593
Bao-Hua Yang AF 00-017 |
| Title: | Compact Optically Pumped High-Power Midwave IR Semiconductor Lasers |
| Abstract: | We propose a novel packaging scheme for high-power optically pumped MWIR lasers. The proposed device module does not need any optics for the alignment and is very compact in size. During the program, numerous calibration runs laser structures will be grown using MBE. The package thermal management will also be optimized. It is expected that high-performance and high-power MWIR lasers can be realized utilizing mature 980 nm lasers as the pump source. These lasers will find not only defense but also many commercial applications such as chemical sensing, free space optical communications etc. |
| SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
3490 U.S. Route 1 Building 12 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 520-0610
Jacobus S. Vermaak AF 00-017 |
| Title: | Development of 1.8 to 3.5 Micron Semiconductor Diode Lasers for Infrared Countermeasure Applications |
| Abstract: | Sensors Unlimited, Inc. will grow, fabricate and characterize two types of lasers: (1) A 3.5 µm Type II AlGaAsSb/InAs/InGaSb W-quantum-well diode laser that outputs 100 mW for Band-II infrared countermeasure applications and (2) A 1.8 µm InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs diode laser outputting 1 W as a source for Band-I infrared countermeasure applications. Both devices will be Fabry-Perot gain-guided oxide-stripe diode lasers. We will deliver one of each type of laser along with an optoelectronic characterization of the devices. Sensors Unlimited Inc. will subcontract Sarnoff Corporation to grow and fabricate low-loss broadened-waveguide laser structures in the antimonide and phosphide material systems. We will use W-quantum-well designs from the Naval Research Laboratory. Sensors will characterize threshold current, external efficiency, internal loss, maximum output power, and beam quality. This data will prove invaluable for further designs to be fabricated and tested in Phase II. For the Phase I program, Sensors and Sarnoff will leverage their experience in developing and commercializing both 2.6 µm and 3.2 µm antimonide-based quantum-well lasers and 1.3 µm to 2 µm phosphide based quantum-well lasers. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Christopher M. Gittins AF 00-021 |
| Title: | Compact Semiconductor Laser-Based Environmental Monitoring System Development |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop and demonstrate a novel approach for sensing of chemically contaminated materiel using recently emergent Quantum Cascade laser technology. Although substantial progress has been made in the remote detection of airborne chemical and biological plumes, the important problem of detecting contaminated surfaces after the passage of an active plume has not been adequately addressed. Building on a previous demonstration of QC laser-based DIAL detection of chemical vapor plumes, PSI will adapt our dual wavelength DIAL approach to the detection of trace chemical films on surfaces. Projected detection sensitivities suggest that agents such as VX can be detected at sub-lethal thresholds on surfaces at distances up to a few km. The Phase I program will validate the detection models in laboratory experiments and determine the minimum detectable concentration of chemical agent simulants. These results will be used to design a vehicle-mounted sensor for development and delivery to the AF during the Phase II portion of the program. |
| LAMBDA INSTRUMENTS
1607 Glade Road Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-0568
Jon Greene AF 00-022 |
| Title: | Gratings for High-Power Yb-doped Fiber Lasers |
| Abstract: | High-power fiber lasers are emerging as viable alternatives to traditional gas and solid-state laser systems for many military and industrial applications. The advantages of fiber lasers are numerous: extremely high damage thresholds, excellent beam quality, superior wavelength and temperature stability, small size, and very high powers using novel double-cladding fiber (DCF). Another advantage of using fiber as the lasing medium is the unique ability to fabricate mode conversion gratings directly within the fiber laser cavity for manipulation of both the signal and pump light. During Phase I, Lambda Instruments proposes to investigate the performance of novel fiber gratings as laser mirrors, pump light mode converters, and as signal light mode converters within future kilowatt-class fiber laser systems. To assist in the design, fabrication, and characterization of fiber gratings, Lambda has assembled a highly-experienced development team. The development team proposes to investigate the feasibility of advanced grating technology during Phase I, finalize the development of grating components for fiber laser applications during Phase II, and work with industry partners to commercialize advanced fiber laser and amplifier systems during Phase III and beyond. |
| ACULIGHT CORP.
11805 North Creek Parkway S. Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 482-1100
Andrew Brown AF 00-023 |
| Title: | Cost-Effective, Scalable, High-Power, Mid-IR Optically (laser) Pumped Molecular Laser Source |
| Abstract: | The advantageous properties of solid state fiber lasers, and gas laser converters are merged to provide high power mid-IR radiation for Air Force missions such as countermeasures and remote sensing. Previous attempts to develop mid-IR sources from solid state lasers has resulted in a few Watts of average power due to thermally induced aberrations in non-linear converters. Here we propose to combine the excellent beam quality of fiber laser pump sources with the efficiency and average power handling capabilities of optically pumped molecular lasers. The gas laser provides coherent beam combination and wavelength down conversion. Key elements of our approach include: a new diode pump source for fiber lasers, high energy narrowband fiber laser operation, SBS parasitic elimination, and a method for efficient absorption of fiber laser power by the molecular gas laser. This method of generating a high power source for the Air Force supports the LITE program by leveraging existing laser technology from the telecommunications and material processing industries. |
| DIRECTED ENERGY SOLUTIONS
14125 Candlewood Ct. Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 277-1451
Jeff Nicholson AF 00-023 |
| Title: | Cost-Effective, Scalable, Optically Pumped Molecular Laser |
| Abstract: | Electrically powered, optically pumped molecular gas lasers offer superior beam quality, efficiency, wavelength diversity, and a wide range of power scaling. In this approach, molecular gases are pumped by a large number of well-developed, efficient, optical sources such as diode pumped solid state lasers, diode lasers, and fiber lasers. The resulting molecular laser effectively combines the numerous pump apertures into a single coherent aperture. Several key features of the optically pumped systems which must be demonstrated are: pump source frequency control, optical coupling efficiency into the molecular species, and the molecular physics associated with lasing and competing molecular processes. Nd:YAG pumping on the HBr (3,0) transition at 1.34 microns with lasing at 4 microns allows us to examine these issues. The Nd:YAG system serves as a test-bed for proving the technology essential for building both infrared and shorter wavelength diode and fiber pumped gas laser systems. |
| HOPE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
185 East Main Rd. Little Compton, RI 02837 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 353-9991
Valerii Kozlov AF 00-024 |
| Title: | High-Power Fiber Laser |
| Abstract: | New designs for all glass cladding pumped fiber lasers are proposed. In order to increae the number of pumping ports, 2 x 2 couplers (multimode, 300 micron) of active (Yb doped) will be fabricated. This will increase the number of pumping ports toward the goal of increased power output. This work can be carried out because Hope Technologies, Inc. has access to the state-of-the-art facilities in the Laboratory for Lightwave Technology at the Boston University Photonics Center. |
| KIGRE, INC.
100 Marshland Road Hilton Head, SC 29926 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(843) 681-5800
John D. Myers AF 00-024 |
| Title: | New High-Power Rare-Earth-Doped Glass Fiber Lasers |
| Abstract: | A breakthrough in fiber laser technology has been achieved which opens the door to a whole new class of efficient ultra-high brightness laser sources. These diode pumped devices have the potential to replace or augment almost all existing industrial, medical, and military laser applications. Kigre's new QX phosphate laser materials exhibit high strength, high gain, high durability, and superior laser performance. This new laser glass material is well suited to suppliment the new fiber laser designs. Fiber lasers have now established themselves as leading contenders for a range of high-power applications. High efficiencies and high gains are readily achieved, and the problems of thermal loading and beam distortion can essentially be eliminated. |
| LASER POWER CORP.
12777 High Bluff Drive San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 755-0700
Maurice Pessot AF 00-024 |
| Title: | High-Power Fiber Laser |
| Abstract: | Power and brightness scaling of fiber lasers is limited by intrafiber damage intensity. Scaling to kW levels from the state-of-the-art requires designs which coherently integrate the output of multiple fiber cores. We have devised a means by which multiple fiber sources are combined coherently to produce an output with an N-fold increase in power and N2-fold increase in brightness. The specific method involves a master oscillator which seeds an array of fiber amplifiers. Feeding all amplifiers from a common master, synchronism in operating frequency and temporal coherence is assured. Each fiber amplifier incorporates a phase control element for precision control of the phase at the output of that fiber, allowing for synthesis of the required spatial phasefront and, hence, the desired far-field beam profile. Our design is insensitive to variation in fiber parameters, eliminates the need for precise control of multiple oscillators, and is infinitely scalable by virtue of its modularity.The Phase I program will verify our design by demonstrating phase control of several independent fiber sources. This will validate the design and provide the data necessary for implementation of control systems required in the highly parallel architecture envisioned for the Phase II program. |
| SPINNAKER SEMICONDUCTOR
100 Union Street SE, Rm. 546 Minneapolis, MN 55455 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 626-8788
John Snyder AF 00-031 |
| Title: | Ballistic Transport Schottky Barrier CMOS for Ultra-High Performance and Space Applications |
| Abstract: | Spinnaker Semiconductor will develop a low temperature variant of its proprietary Schottky Barrier CMOS (SBCMOS) technology. Cooled, short channel (<100nm) Schottky Barrier MOS devices offer the possibility for ballistic transport between source and drain and thus are expected to have tremendous performance advantages over their room temperature, conventional CMOS counterparts. These include the virtual elimination of gate oxide surface scattering and the resulting increase in carrier mobility, reduction in noise, and improved long-term reliability and/or switching performance. The SBCMOS technology is also unconditionally immune to parasitic bipolar effects such as latch-up and is orders of magnitude less sensitive to heavy-ion strikes and other single event phenomena. Furthermore, the process sequence is significantly simpler and more manufacturable than that for room temperature, conventional CMOS, while simultaneously offering more compact design rules for circuit layout and total dose hardness to 1Mrad. Finally, Spinnaker Semiconductor's SBCMOS process is an all-silicon technology that uses standard processing steps and is easily integrated into existing silicon fabrication lines, allowing it to achieve similar economies of scale compared to conventional silicon CMOS. |
| PLANETARY SYSTEMS CORP.
1739 U St NW Washington, DC 20009 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 667-0497
Walter Holemans AF 00-032 |
| Title: | Advanced Micro-Mechanisms for Small Satellites |
| Abstract: | An innovative, lightweight and compact separation system is presented. Its new approach to separation system design provides major improvements over traditional V-bands, separation bolts and explosive frangible joints. This concept, dubbed "Lightband", weighs one fourth that of existing technologies and is half the height. The time and reset cost are a fraction of existing technologies allowing cost effective and statistically meaningful reliability measurements. Separation springs and innovative low friction separation electrical connectors are integral to the design, easing spacecraft integration and design effort and reducing needed footprint. The Lightband uses no pyrotechnics. Consequently, shock, static discharge, particulate contamination, and safety concerns have been reduced or eliminated. The Lightband is shorter allowing payload to get taller. The Lightband's versatility allows use on space vehicle and missile diameters from 8.0 to 102.0 inches and can be shaped to common geometric shapes to optimize high-density spacecraft packaging concepts. Improvements will yield significant cost savings and an increased mass to orbit performance 1 - 3% of most space systems, and significantly more on small (<100 lb) payloads. The Lightband can similarly improve launch vehicle and missile staging. |
| STARSYS RESEARCH
4909 Nautilus Ct. North Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-1925
Kurt Lankford AF 00-032 |
| Title: | Advanced Micro-Mechanisms for Small Satellites |
| Abstract: | A significant technical challenge presented by future space-based precision deployable structures (NGST, SBL and others) is the requirement that the structure be rigid after deployment. To create a rigid structure, the components must be fixed in the deployed configuration with ultra-stiff latches (stiffness>1X106 lbf/inch). The proposed innovation will develop a self rigidizing, ultra-high stiffness capture latch for deployable structures. Ultra-high stiffness is obtained through solidification of low melting point metal alloy within the latch joint. This unique, innovative approach is fundamentally different from other latching concepts. It has the potential to provide extremely high stiffness from a compact, lightweight package, enabling the development of highly stiff deployable structures. In Phase I system trades will be evaluated and the technology will be verified. A proof-of-concept prototype will be designed, manufactured and functionally tested. Target requirements for the mechanism include the following: --Stiffness: > 1700 kN/cm(1 million pound/inch) --Position Stability: <100 nanometer --Engagement Accommodation: +/- 1.5 mm (.06 inch) --Mass: < 150 g. In Phase II the design will be refined and qualified for a specific application. Additional Phase II efforts will develop a family of self-rigidizing components that will provide a "tool-kit" for precision deployable systems. |
| CSA ENGINEERING, INC.
2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 210-9000
Scott C. Pendleton AF 00-033 |
| Title: | Shock Isolation System for Spacecraft Launch and Release (SISSLR) |
| Abstract: | Spacecraft are subjected to extreme shock loads during launch and separation from the launch vehicle. These loads can damage components on the spacecraft, potentially threatening mission success. The proposed program will develop an innovative whole spacecraft shock isolation system that integrates a shock isolation device with a low-shock release mechanism. The combination of the two technologies creates one component serving multiple roles: mounting spacecraft to the launch vehicles, attenuating launch vehicle shock loads, and providing a low-shock spacecraft release. The work performed will allow the spacecraft designer to design primarily for mission performance rather than launch and release survivability. Design concepts and engineering drawings will be developed for both discrete mounted and clamp band mounted small spacecraft (40 to 150 lb) that either mount to a dispenser or directly to a launch vehicle. An engineering model of one concept will be fabricated and shock tested to prove the shock isolation performance. In Phase II this effort will be expanded to include similar devices for larger spacecraft. |
| ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
12401 West 49th Avenue Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 285-5153
Jeff Summers AF 00-033 |
| Title: | Advanced Integrated Spacecraft and Launch Vehicle Technologies |
| Abstract: | Both DOD and NASA have future missions that require the launch and deployment of an increasing number of single spacecraft, as well as multi-craft constellations. To ensure the longevity and usefulness of these high value assets has given rise to the need for on-orbit satellite servicing. Satellite providers, must begin to integrate a designed-for-maintenance philosophy into the architecture of future spacecraft. ITN Energy Systems (ITN) believes adopting design philosophies from the personal computer (PC) industry, the epitome of "plug and play" modularity at minimum production cost, may be the key to cost efficient, serviceable spacecraft. ITN is proposing development of a Next Generation Serviceable Satellite (NGSSAT) bus that integrates the latest advancements in the following technologies, enabling on-orbit servicing, and meeting the growing needs of the small satellite community. ? Modular Bus Architecture w/ Standardized Interfaces ? Multi-Functional Structures (MFS) - Electronics Packaging ? Thin-Film Power Generation/Storage ? Electric Ion Propulsion - Pulsed Plasma Thrusters (PPT) ? Flexible Thermal Management Components. This Phase I SBIR program will perform initial NGSSAT system feasibility studies and demonstrate the enabling spacecraft bus technologies. |
| THINK COMPOSITES, INC.
101 Alma Street, #703 Palo Alto, CA 94301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 322-9433
Stephen W. Tsai AF 00-035 |
| Title: | Composite Flywheel Structure |
| Abstract: | A new look on materials, geometry and manufacturing processes of flywheels is proposed. Our systems approach relies heavily on analytic modeling of stress analysis, interactive failure criteria, optimization, curing, resin flow, contolled failure progression and life prediction. In particular, the optimum ply stiffness and density variations along the radial direction can significantly reduce radial stress and improve rotor's strength; i.e., a steep increase in hoop stiffness and decrease in density. Addition of radial plies, on the other hand, will increase both radial stiffness and stress. The net effect is low strength and high cost - an approach that we do not recommend. Rotors can be manufactured by cigarette rolling and/or filament winding with prepreg, wet or dry tows. In the last case, a centrifugal resin infusion is a good solution. Instead of the conventional multi-step curing, a single-step cure can produce quality product at reasonable cost. A rotor with graded strength can lead to a controlled failure thus reduce the containment requirement. Only the outer rim of the rotor needs high fiber volume. The goal is to ensure safety while minimize the containment requirement. The ultimate product of this work is a set of guidelines and software to produce rotors with high energy, durability and competitive cost. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Applied Technology Division 20600 Gramercy Place, Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Guoda Xu AF 00-036 |
| Title: | An Integrated Laser Sensor Technology |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes a unique laser sensor which provides not only the needed information (both laser incident and threat information) with high sensitivity, but also offers a marketable product with high survivability, in a small package, with low mass, low power, and low cost. The proposed laser sensor will be capable of detecting the (i) angle of arrival (to determine where a threatening event took place), (ii) wavelength and time characteristics of laser incidence (what type of laser system was used), and (iii) coherence of incident light (to distinguish a real laser threat from ambient light as a false alarm). The key features of the proposed laser sensor include: (1) a single aperture design to significantly increase overall sensitivity, (2) a temporal coherence discriminator to significantly reduce false alarm rate, and (3) an integrated design approach to simultaneously detect angle of arrival and wavelength of incidence. In Phase I of this project, the design and characterization of the sensor will be conducted, and a proof of feasibility will be demonstrated with a laboratory model. |
| SPECTRA RESEARCH, INC.
3085 Woodman Drive Suite 200 Dayton, OH 45420 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 299-5999
Gordon R. Little, Ph.D. AF 00-036 |
| Title: | Threat Warning/Attack Reporting Laser Sensor |
| Abstract: | A laser sensor capable of detecting and recording pulsed and continuous wave (CW) laser for orbiting platforms will be designed. The sensor will cover the 0.4 to 12 micro-meter spectral band with sensitivity of 10 micro-W/sq. cm. The sensor will incorporate interferometric detection and pattern processing to enable operation in daytime scenarios. The Phase I effort will include demonstration of the laser detection approach in the visible/near IR band and formulation of a design for a prototype system. |
| STARSYS RESEARCH
4909 Nautilus Ct. North Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-1925
Mitchell Wiens AF 00-037 |
| Title: | Advanced Satellite Docking and Servicing Platform |
| Abstract: | Starsys Research in conjunction with support from MOOG Space Products Division, proposes to develop system baseline definition and requirements for an advanced docking and fluid/ electrical transfer platform that can be used with a "design for serviceability" spacecraft and servicing micro-satellite. This work will build on the groundwork that Starsys Research has already completed as part of a AFRL SBIR Phase II effort entitled "Development of an Orbital Replacement Unit and Associated Devices." |
| CAMBRIDGE COLLABORATIVE, INC.
689 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 876-5777
Patricia A. Manning AF 00-038 |
| Title: | Expert System for Predicting Vibroacoustic Environments |
| Abstract: | Prediction of vibroacoustic and shock environments for DoD and commercial launch vehicles and spacecraft is currently a costly and labor-intensive process. However, the analyses used to predict these environments are essential in order to ensure reliability of vehicle structures and airborne equipment. The objective of this proposed program is to develop an expert system that will allow users to increase prediction accuracy and reduce prediction costs. To be successful the expert system requires a major scientific advance to develop an accurate mid-frequency prediction technique. A mid-frequency technique that combines finite element modeling with statistical energy analysis modeling will be developed as part of the proposed effort. |
| VIBRO-ACOUSTIC SCIENCES, INC.
12555 High Bluff Drive Suite 310 San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 350-0057
Paul G. Bremner AF 00-038 |
| Title: | Expert System for Predicting Vibroacoustic Environments |
| Abstract: | This SBIR project will develop critical vibroacoustic and shock analysis methods that are needed by the Air Force for a more rigorous and standardized approach to the prediction of launch environments for spacecraft, launch vehicles and flight hardware. The new methods developed will all build on existing prediction numerical analysis capabilities - such as AutoSEA software. They principally include improved empirical models for lift-off acoustic loads estimation (and other models to be provided by industry "experts"); more accurate methods for predicting localized random vibration and shock response of individual equipment items; mid-frequency acoustics modeling method (especially payload bay acoustics and spacecraft component loading); direct interactive link between test database and analysis and more rigorous method(s) for estimating uncertainty in vibroacoustic environment predictions. The new prediction methods will be implemented and documented in commercial software and "wrapered" for integration into other predictive software environments using new software industry standards CORBA, XML, etc. |
| K TECHNOLOGY CORP.
500 Office Center Drive Suite 250 Fort Washington, PA 19034 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 858-9308
Mark J. Montesano AF 00-039 |
| Title: | Thermally Conductive Hinge Development for Deployable Radiators (kTC P k002) |
| Abstract: | The current development trend of small, highly integrated satellites has created a challenge to remove heat. These small satellites have less surface area available for static radiator panels. To increase the radiative area, deployable radiators are used. Deployable space radiators require a hinge or flexible joint to provide the degree of freedom to deploy. Traditional designs using aluminum foil stacks are bulky and can be excessively stiff. kTC's thermal hinge concept incorporates thin high conductivity pyrolytic graphite foils. These flexible foils have high conductivity (>1000 W/mK) and low mass (<2.1 g/cm3). The combination of high conductivity, low density and flexibility result in a small lightweight hinge assembly. The goal of the proposed Phase I program is to determine the feasibility of incorporating kTC's material system in a thermal hinge for a deployable radiator through the development and evaluation of a prototype hinge assembly. The program will establish key design, fabrication and performance characteristics. Immediate payoffs include improved thermal performance, and significant weight reduction of radiator assemblies. These payoffs will allow for increased reliability and support the trend toward smaller less expensive satellites. |
| SADDLEBACK AEROSPACE
10523 Humbolt Street Los Alamitos, CA 90720 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 598-3700
Geoffrey O. Campbell AF 00-040 |
| Title: | Boiling Enhanced Micro-Channel Heat Sink for Electronic Cooling |
| Abstract: | As semiconductor devices are driven towards higher powers and faster speeds, they require more capable thermal management technologies. This has led to the use of high performance microchannel cooling, but further improvements in heat transfer performance are sought to: 1) improve temperature stability in the coolers, and 2) increase the heat flux limits of microchannels. Boiling is a potential way to limit the temperature in the coolers, reduce coolant usage, and increase internal heat transfer coefficients. However, only a handful of studies have been performed on 2-phase microchannel flows. The Phase I effort is designed to characterize the fluid and heat transfer physics of 2-phase flows in microchannel systems. The proposed work involves an extensive set of flow visualization experiments in silicon microchannels. The experimental work is complemented by analytic interpretation of the results, generating heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for 2-phase flows in micro-ducts. This will provide the needed understanding to support development of design tools for the generation of cooling systems for laser diodes and electronics. This understanding will be demonstrated during the Phase I program through the fabrication of a microchannel cooler optimized for 2-phase flow. |
| VIBRO-ACOUSTIC SCIENCES, INC.
12555 High Bluff Drive Suite 310 San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 840-3939
Stephen D. O AF 00-041 |
| Title: | Active Control of Payload Fairing Noise Using Smart Foam |
| Abstract: | This project will construct a conceptual yet practical design of an active-passive control system to cancel broadband acoustic noise in launch vehicle payload fairings with an emphasis on the very low frequencies where past methods have proved unsatisfactory. A thorough review of active-passive technologies will be conducted to determine those that can deliver both low and high frequency performance while observing stringent limits on weight, volume, and electrical power. Candidate technologies will be evaluated using a software testbed developed using realistic characterizations of fairing noise environments during launch. Particular attention will be paid to distributed actuation/sensor technologies like smart foam due to their ability to provide large active control authority at low frequency while maintaining the high frequency performance of passive control. The Phase I concept design will be simulated numerically to predict performance and provide estimates of weight, volume and electrical power requirements in order to demonstrate the practicality of the selected approach. |
| QUANTUM LEAP INNOVATIONS, INC.
2700 Philadelphia Pike P.O. Box 970 Claymont, DE 19703 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(302) 798-0899
Thomas A. Pelaia AF 00-042 |
| Title: | Artificial Intelligence Hybrid Range Scheduler |
| Abstract: | Real-time reactive scheduling of ground and space resources such as antennae and communication lines for missions is a demanding, NP-hard problem that challenges the use of any solution technique. The system that schedules ground and space resources must quickly adapt plans to changing mission requirements and unexpected events. We intend to address these issues by architecting a three-layer hybrid approach, composed of a multi-agent hierarchical planning/scheduling system, a flexible model of resource scheduling, and a hybrid numeric/heuristic optimization system. The top layer applies distributed intelligent agents to manage the scheduling of resources in real-time. This multi-agent approach allows for collaborative scheduling, fault tolerance, hierarchical decomposition, and localized reactive scheduling. The middle layer is an extensible model of the resource-scheduling domain. This layer will support a variety of local and non-local views of the problem, exploiting the same structure at several levels of detail. The bottom layer is an existing optimization engine, composed of thirty numeric and heuristic techniques in a cooperative-competitive environment. This system solves general optimization problems efficiently, and enables models of the middle layer to be extremely flexible. Together, these layers will provide an effective solution to the adaptive real-time scheduling of ground and space resources for missions. |
| NAVSYS CORP.
14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 481-4877
Sheryl Atterberg AF 00-044 |
| Title: | GPS-based User Equipment (GbUE) for all Altitude Tracking |
| Abstract: | Studies have shown that GPS tracking can be used for space vehicles at high altitudes, including up to geo-synchronous (GEO), although there may be some performance issues. The number of GPS satellites visible to a GEO orbit user varies from 0 to 3, which is inadequate for a determinate position solution based on GPS alone. GPS tracking could significantly simplify implementation of autonomous Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) in upper stages and satellites. Even without full autonomy, GPS tracking has the potential of shortening the orbit determination process by using a single contact to determine position after a satellite maneuver. Phase I of this SBIR will include a review of all space qualified GPS receivers and their flight experience; provide additional data on disturbances sources, provide detailed design options; develop a preliminary GbUE design including test plans for a low cost, low power, lightweight, miniaturized size for long-life space missions at high altitudes; and provide a feasibility and benefit study of timeline compression and autonomous operation of satellite systems using GPS tracking instead of SGLS ranging. Phase II of this SBIR will include design, fabrication, and test of a prototype GbUE solution; including software, hardware, and tracking operation procedure. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 768-7709
Jeffrey D. Black AF 00-047 |
| Title: | Low Power FFT/IFFT Processor |
| Abstract: | The GPS has become an essential component of the Warfighting apparatus of the United States. Although the system has had outstanding success in enhancing Warfighting capability, it is recognized that there are weaknesses in the system that must be removed if needed performance is to be realized in the 21st century. Currently, the greatest need in navigation is jamming resistant technology. Narrowband sources of interference can easily be countered using nonlinear adaptive frequency domain filtering/processing techniques, namely frequency domain excision (FFT-based excision). As jamming power increases, the need exists for filters with jamming suppression capabilities approaching 60 dB. Simulations have shown that these suppressions can be obtained by processing in the frequency domain. Current FFTs dissipate excessive amounts of power and are therefore not applicable in relatively small (handheld) GPS receivers and satellite nodes. Our proposed effort will examine performance/power trades, apply an innovative extremely low power option, and develop a product specification. |
| SICOM, INC.
7585 E. Redfield Road, Suite 2 Scottsdale, AZ 85260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 607-4829
Rod Lee AF 00-047 |
| Title: | Low Power Interference and Jamming Filter for GPS Receivers |
| Abstract: | SiCOM proposes to develop a small, low-power, and low-cost device to enable operation of GPS receivers in strong interference and jamming environments. The device will enable GPS receivers, including upgrades to the Military Airborne GPS Receiver (MAGR), and the Army's family of handheld GPS receivers, to operate with partial-band jamming signals 1000 times stronger than otherwise possible with existing military GPS radios. SiCOM proposes to produce the device as a single integrated circuit chip less than 0.3 inch on a side, consuming less than 0.2 watt. The device will perform spectral excision of offending signals using an innovative fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm that enables excision without distorting the satellite signals. SiCOM calls this processing "AJAX" (Anti-Jam Adaptive eXcision). Phase I of the proposed project will: 1) determine the feasibility of integrating AJAX processing and an analog-to-digital converter in a single small-size, low-power application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), 2) determine the feasibility of integrating other GPS processing functions, such as de-spreading of GPS signals in the same ASIC, thereby saving additional size, power, and cost of GPS receivers, 3) optimize design features such as word length and automatic gain control, and 4) demonstrate AJAX performance using a modified military GPS receiver. |
| JAYCOR, INC.
9775 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 837-9100
T.G. Bo Henderson AF 00-048 |
| Title: | Robust Microtip Emitter Arrays for Microelectronics |
| Abstract: | The technology to fabricate wide band semiconductor microtips and vacuum field effect transistors will be developed. More specifically, micro-vacuum-tube electronics utilizing CVD diamond microtip emitters (patent pending) as the cold cathode, a CVD diamond micro-patterned grid or self aligned gate, and a CVD diamond anode will be developed. Each device will be 3 microns square and will be fabricated in an array having 10 million devices in 1 cm^2. The very small vacuum tubes will have plate currents of 100 micro-amps at grid voltages of a few volts. Individual microtriodes could be connected together using modern semiconductor metalization methods to form extremely radiation tolerant high temperature processors. Or the microtriode array can be ganged together to form an extremely high power RF amplifier which has plate current of 1,000 amps/cm^2 and plate voltages in the kilovolt range. Grid voltages on the order of tens of volts will control the current emission and potentially produce megawatts of power from a 1 cm^2 device. During Phase I, CVD diamond microtip emitter arrays will be fabricated and tested in the laboratory in a diode configuration. The Phase II program will design, fabricate, test, and deliver CVD diamond microtriodes. |
| NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP.
2620 Trade Center Avenue Longmont, CO 80503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 702-1672
Dmitri Routkevitch AF 00-048 |
| Title: | Arrays of Aligned WBGS Nanotips for Rugged Field Emission Sources |
| Abstract: | Affordable and reliable technology is needed for fabrication of micro- and nanotip field emitters from wide band gap semiconductors (WBGS), which could enable new high current electron sources for severe operating conditions, such as high temperature and harsh electromagnetic radiation. Although several approaches for making field emitter arrays were demonstrated up to date, their emission threshold, sustainable current density, and survivability are not sufficient for many military and commercial applications. The proposed effort seeks to develop novel arrays of aligned WBGS nanoemitters, prepared in self-organized nanoporous ceramic substrate. The arrays will be integrated into field emission cathodes for vacuum field effect transistors and other vacuum microelectronic devices, operating in harsh environments. The approach is compatible with conventional microfabrication, economical and scaleable to large areas. The Phase I will demonstrate the proof-of-concept by fabricating and evaluating a prototype of a vacuum field emission microdiode with integrated array of WBGS nanoemitters. Phase II will design, fabricate and demonstrate the operation of vacuum field effect transistors in harsh conditions, provide packaged prototypes to the Air Force and to industrial partners for evaluation, and initiate commercialization effort. |
| NITRES, INC.
5655 Lindero Canyon Road, Suite 404 Westlake Village, CA 91362 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 967-9433
Primit Parikh AF 00-049 |
| Title: | Rugged, Reliable, Rad-Hard Gallium Nitride Space Electronic Components |
| Abstract: | Widebandgap semiconductors such as GaN, SiC have a large breakdown voltage, large Joule and high thermal conductivity, are radiation tolerant and have a large on-to-off current ratio. This makes it potentially possible to fabricate rugged, reliable and radiation hard electronic components for next generation space electronics, which are also compact and cost effective. Of the widebandgap systems, Nitride based wide bandgap semiconductors are particularly suited for these applications. This is due to the combination of the wide-band gap and hetero-structure in the AlGaN/GaN system, where high voltage, high current and low on-resistance can be simultaneously achieved, resulting in high efficiency, high power density, high temperature operation. In this program, Nitres proposes to develop a single platform for realizing the components of an IC technology targeting high frequency (~ 10's of GHz), high operating temperatures (~ 500 K), high breakdown voltage (~ 100's of Volts), and radiation hard operation. Of particular importance will be realization of the above goals with compact size (small footprints), rugged and low cost operation. During phase I Nitres will design and demonstrate: a. Resistors b. Capacitors c. Diodes d. Transisdition to the above, Nitres Inc. will also demonstration preliminary integration of these components into an IC technology and focus in the phase II on full-scale development of components and IC technology for Space Electronics. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4800
Marek Turowski AF 00-050 |
| Title: | High Speed Inertial MEMS Sensors with Field Emitter Array Readout |
| Abstract: | MEMS based inertial sensors have successfully transitioned from academic laboratories to commercial markets and became a commodity product in automotive industry. It took more than a decade of R&D to large degree because of lengthy design, fabrication, testing procedures and lack of adequate design tools. CFDRC and Sarnoff Corp. propose to develop a new generation of accelerometers and gyroscopes with variable geometry field emitter (FE) device readout. Advanced modeling and design tools will be used to develop optimized design of fast, sensitive, rugged and rad-hard qualified devices which could be used for defense (missile, satellite guidance and navigation) and commercial applications. In Phase I work will concentrate on experimental characterization of existing variable FE devices with movable cathode, anode, and gate and variable geometry planar FE devices. Experimental data will be used for model validation, for development of new final design, for wide bandgap materials selection, and for the noise control. Selected designs of linear and angular accelerometers will be finalized as complete fabrication specs (masks, fabrication process steps,..) and will be fabricated in Phase II. CFDRC will also deliver integrated CAD tools for multidisciplinary design of inertial sensors with FE devices. In Phase II and III, CFDRC and Sarnoff will share the technology with US defense industry and will commercialize the technology to OEM commercial vendors for automotive, consumer, microelectronic products. |
| INTEGRATED MAGNETOELECTRONICS
1214 Oxford St. Berkeley, CA 94709 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 841-3585
Richard Spitzer AF 00-051 |
| Title: | Stacked Non-Volatile Magnetic Memory Element |
| Abstract: | Stacking of non-volatile magnetic memory elements to increase data storage capacity by a factor of eight is proposed by IME Corporation in response to DoD SBIR program solicitation 001 Topic AF00-051 "Stacking of Magnetic Memory Chips". The proposed project, entitled "Stacked Non-Volatile Magnetic Memory Elements"' will develop stacking methods whereby up to an eight fold increase in capacity will be acheived with three-dimensional bit stacking of GMR (Giant MagnetoResistive) memory elements. Stacked multiple bits, one on top of another, save significant space and weight by sharing the same substrate and packaging. Duplication of ground planes and magnetic shielding is not required. A successful program will provide the foundation for fast, radhard, random-access, low power high density storage that is also non-volatile and robust. |
| AET, INC.
1900 S. Harbor City Blvd. Suite 115 Melbourne, FL 32901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 727-0328
Glenn T. Hess AF 00-052 |
| Title: | Novel Solution for Radiation Hardened DSP Circuits |
| Abstract: | This SBIR program will give the US Air Force the capability to have several different vendors designing and fabricating high performance DSP chips which are hardened to nuclear radiation. Few rad-hard DSP chips exist at this time and no IC vendors have the ability (or interest) to produce them. Without rad-hard DSP circuits, military satellites used for communications will be at a severe disadvantage. AET, Inc. will develop a multiple vendor rad-hard DSP capability by developing a novel system for the modeling and simulation of these complex chips. Specific attention will focus on achieving radiation hardness to total ionizing dose and single event effects on circuits that use advanced silicon-on-insulator technology. This system will aid in more accurate hardness, cost, and performance analyses and will guide the proper topograhic layout and facilitate achieving the required electrical performance AET has a strong team to develop this design system. AET's personnel have over 100 man-years of experience in radiation hardened semiconductor devices with over 20 patents, and an excellent track record at delivering unique computer models and simulators targeted towards harsh environments. This team will also include a commercial IC manufacturer, such as Intersil Corporation during the development of the system. |
| INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGIES
2345 Anvil Street St. Petersburg, FL 33710 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 347-4200
James W. Wall AF 00-052 |
| Title: | Radiation Hardened DSP |
| Abstract: | This research program is intended to demonstrate the feasibility of producing a radiation-hardened digital signal processor (DSP) chip. The approach shall be to take an existing commercial design and implement it in a radiation-hardened process with modifications to enhance its single-event effect resistance. This will be the first DSP to be produced in a fully-hardened (total ionizing dose and single event effect) form. Earlier work by insyte and Lockheed Martin produced a commercially-compatible DSP chip (an Analog Devices ADI21020) in a hardened IC process through a small study contract. By using well-understood techniques, insyte proposes to build on its earlier commercial DSP hardening work to produce a DSP hardened to natural space radiation levels.Specific goals of the work include: 0.25 micron target process, 1MRad total dose, SEU LET > 75, no SEL to LET > 120, graphics-only redesign (no logic or resimulation required.) |
| ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
12401 West 49th Avenue Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 285-5159
Thomas Stephenson AF 00-053 |
| Title: | Non-Volatile RAMs Based on Self-Contained Energy Sources |
| Abstract: | ITN Energy Systems, a producer of solid-state thin film batteries, and Space Electronics, Inc., a producer of radiation hardened space electronics propose to develop a non-volatile RAM with an integrated thin film lithium battery for space applications. The goal is to combine the latest technology hardened SRAM's (Static Random Access Memory) with an innovative approach to providing local (i.e. contained within the same package) energy storage that shall supply sufficient power to retain memory contents during periods when regular satellite power is briefly disrupted. |
| THESEUS LOGIC, INC.
Suite 100 3501 Quadrangle Blvd Orlando, FL 32817 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 541-3666
Dennis Ferguson AF 00-054 |
| Title: | Low Power NCL FPGA |
| Abstract: | It is clear that continuing to seek performance improvements using traditional design and implementation techniques will not provide the "next order of magnitude" improvement in digital logic performance. Theseus Logic is commercializing a unique technology that will facilitate low power, system level IC design. NULL Convention LogicÖ - provides a new and fundamentally more expressive "language" for the design of digital circuits and systems.At the system level, NCL provides: · its which are inherently clockless, data driven, and delay insensitive · Lower power operation, · Reduced EMI, · Guaranteed oper wide range of environmental conditions. · Plug and Play system ination. Under this SBIR, Theseus intends to analyze the fundamental cell size and routing resource issues leading to the development of an NCL FPGA. Any NCL design which is functionally correct will operate independent of variations in routing structures, environmental conditions, and process technology. This gives NCL technology unique design and performance advantages when expressed as a reconfigurable logic product. Theseus expects the Phase I effort to address fundamental tradeoffs leading to a Phase II design and fabrication effort. Theseus is already in discussion with major design tool and FPGA vendors to commercialize such a product. |
| AIREX CORP.
Route 108 Dover, NH 03820 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 742-3703
David Carroll AF 00-055 |
| Title: | Space Qualified, Low Cost Compact Disk Data Storage/Retrieval System |
| Abstract: | Recent advances in electromagnetic technology clearly lend themselves to application in space-based data storage/retrieval systems. Commercial data storage systems provide low cost, long-life operation and strong logic/control systems, but employ mechanical bearings that limit their resistance to shock and life expectancy. A similar system ruggedized for space via integrated magnetic motor/bearing technology and combined with a flexible control interface system to handle format conversions would offer dramatic improvement in on-board space systems. The vacuum and temperature extremes of space provide significant technical challenges to mechanical bearings, which are completely unable to provide any vibration isolation to sensitive read/write heads or optics. This proposal will prove that bearing functions can be coupled with motor functions in single electromagnetic devices that exhibit longer life with no maintenance at a lower cost. Additional benefits include significant improvement in disk drive system performance, lower weight and vibration isolation potential that does not exist in other technologies. Airex Corporation has, in recent SBIR efforts, demonstrated the viability of integral motor-bearing technology. Airex has also shown that integral motor-bearings point the way to highly reliable, low power, lubricant free, and long life motion platforms. Such functional sophistication can expand performance in commercial or military space-borne platforms. |
| MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP.
200 Yellow Place Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 631-3550
Dr. Robert P. Scaringe AF 00-056 |
| Title: | Demonstration of a Compact Spacecraft Cryocooler |
| Abstract: | Mainstream has developed an innovative cryocooler design that combines a multi-cascaded single-compressor vapor-compression system with a closed Brayton cycle, and an adsorption cooler to achieve low-temperature cryocooling in a compact micro-gravity configuration. In Phase I we propose to demonstrate this unique hybrid configuration. Phase I will provide experimental verification of the approach and experimentally derived "hard Numbers" to support the cooling capacity claims of this proposal. Preliminary research by Mainstream has already demonstrated a cryocooling system specific capacity of 37 watts (cooling) per cubic foot! The Phase I effort is significant, in that a field demonstration of this low temperature compact configuration will be achieved before proceeding to Phase II. Previous experiments have already demonstrated that the cascade cryocooling portion of the proposed cycle is already significantly more efficient than Stirling or Pulse Tube systems. (Mainstream's cascade cooler performance is 18-20% of Carnot whereas Stirling or Pulse Tube systems are only 5-10% of Carnot). The completion of the Phase II contract would result in the adaptation of this demonstrated cryocooler technology specifically for a DOD application. The commercialization of this cryocooler compliments our existing cryocoolers. |
| MPI SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
101 S. Lafayette #33 Starkville, MS 39759 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(662) 320-4300
Darwin Ammala AF 00-057 |
| Title: | A Portability Taxonomy and Framework for Migrating Between Embedded Processors |
| Abstract: | This Phase I Small Business Innovation Proposal Responds to Topic AF00-057, "Techniques for Assessing Approach for Migrating to Different Processors." The issue of software portability is an important and enduring challenge in DOD embedded systems. This effort involves practical research and development of modelling techniques and case-study assessments in order to deliver a "generic strategy" that can be used to train and to guide programmers who must perform portability functions for system upgrades. This effort also will deliver a framework in which to pose new software so that it can be made more suited to future portability. Interactions with reusable middleware, operating systems calls, vendor primitives, and hardware specifics are all considered in formulating the generic strategy, as are metrics that describe the source and target architectures for the port. Both sequential and parallel architectures will be covered. Nominal portability, as well as issues of real-time, space, and power constraints are to be considered.Proposer has direct, expert knowledge of programming portably between and among embedded single board computers, embedded parallel systems and clusters of workstations. Proposer has included a subcontractor from Mississippi State University with 26 years of DOD-relevant software engineering experience to complement Proposer's embedded expertise. |
| PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP.
8809 Sudley Road Suite 101 Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 368-6107
William R. Sylvester, Jr. AF 00-057 |
| Title: | Techniques for Assessing Approach for Migrating to Different Processors |
| Abstract: | The rapid rate of processor technology advancements has led to the need for astructured methodology to assess the impact of migrating from one productgeneration to the next. This proposal describes a Products Matrix and Open Standards Database that drives a Migration Cost Assessment Algorithm for such a methodology. The proposal also describes an easy-to-use, graphically orientedtoolset to aid the user in the manipulation of the data required by the proposedmethodology. |
| MICROLAB
6401 E. Hummingbird Ln. Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 483-3458
Charles B. Wheeler AF 00-058 |
| Title: | Novel Field Programmable Technology based on Latching Micro-Electromagnetic Switches |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a new field-programmable logic technology for "system-on-a-chip" applications. The new approach is based on our newly developed latching micro-electromagnetic switches (relays). These novel switches are based on preferential magnetization of permalloy cantilevers in an external magnetic field. Switching between the two stable states of is accomplished by an integrated coil underneath the cantilever. Since the switches have several advantageous properties (such as nonvolatility, low resistance, radiation hard, high temperature operation, compatible process with Si-circuits, etc.), we believe they can be further developed as switching elements in field-programmable circuits. Some particularly attractiveness for space application is its tolerance to hostile environment (radiation, and extreme temperature) and zero power consumption during quiescent states. |
| INTERFACE & CONTROL SYSTEMS, INC.
8945 Guilford Road Suite 120 Columbia, MD 21046 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 290-7600
William H. Calk, Jr. AF 00-059 |
| Title: | On-Board Intelligent Software for Spacecraft Autonomy |
| Abstract: | Distributed-satellite systems are becoming recognized as an efficient and cost-effective means for accomplishing objectives once considered out of reach for their monolithic cousins. Collaborating systems of microsatellites can be dynamically adapted for various uses including: distributed, synthetic-aperture radar; geolocation; distributed ionospheric measurement; etc. The associated reduced launch costs of these under-100kg microsatellites makes them especially attractive to cost-conscious customers. Associated with space operations, satellite command and control is costly in terms of manpower, training, and operations that run continuously throughout the lifetime of the satellite. The development of an architecture and algorithms for facilitating distributed, virtual, cluster commanding (i.e., transparently commanding the entire cluster via one satellite) and autonomous operations provides many benefits such as reducing the size of the ground crew; reducing the required bandwidth of the satellite-to-ground link; decreasing the need for scheduled or dedicated ground assets (antennas, control stations, etc.); and reducing cost. A distributed command-and-control software architecture, encompassing both nominal commanding scenarios as well as anomalous scenarios is being proposed for the AFRL as part of an SBIR effort. This architecture, whose implementation will be prototyped and whose effectiveness will be demonstrated as part of this SBIR effort, is described in this proposal. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd. Suite 350 San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 655-7242
John L. Mohammed AF 00-059 |
| Title: | Autonomous Control and Coordination of Formation-Flying Satellite Clusters |
| Abstract: | The trend towards constellations of large numbers of small satellites will quickly overwhelm current operations practices that rely on manual, fine-grained, ground-based monitoring and control. Autonomous, distributed, onboard management of spacecraft bus and payload subsystems could significantly reduce demands on ground-based resources by enabling high-level, goal-oriented control that enables the ground crew to interact with the entire constellation as a single integrated system. This is particularly useful for clusters of formation-flying spacecraft that must act in concert to achieve mission goals. We propose a distributed, agent-based architecture for increased satellite autonomy. This architecture will enable satellite clusters to respond more rapidly to problems, minimize the frequency of ground station contacts, and improve the capability for coordinated action by the satellites in the cluster. This will reduce operations costs while simultaneously improving the productivity of space-based assets. The goals of the Phase I research are to thoroughly understand the requirements for cluster monitoring and control, design an agent-based architecture for robust distributed autonomous control and prove the feasibility of the approach through the development of a prototype. Phase I research and prototype development will lay the groundwork for the Phase II implementation of the architecture and its eventual commercialization. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 768-7633
Patrick McGuirk AF 00-060 |
| Title: | Multiprocessor and ASIC Standard Interconnect for Space Systems |
| Abstract: | The development of a versatile, low pin count, and open interconnection standard is proposed which will give system designers a large advantage when implementing an interconnection technology on many applications. The end product will be a simulated RTL (Register Transfer Level) VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) module which embodies the interconnection standard. Key aspects of the standard will be demonstrated with logic designs and simulations, including sections of a general purpose, crossbar switch IC and connection control logic. The protocol will be developed with respect to the following design objectives: low pin count, flexible topology, modularity, scalability, reliability, technology independence, a complete transaction set, simplicity, low latency, and semiconductor process independence. The developed protocol will support physical connections including crossbar switching, direct connections, and direct board-to-board connections. Additionally, the design of the protocol will support memory-to-memory transfers, register access, messaging and broadcast. A final report will be prepared which includes a preliminary version of the interconnect standard, identifies key areas for future development, and the prospects for publishing a completed standard under the auspices of an appropriate standards organization. |
| INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGIES
2345 Anvil Street St. Petersburg, FL 33710 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 347-4200
Dennis R. Whittaker AF 00-061 |
| Title: | High Speed RH Level-2 Cache |
| Abstract: | Insyte proposes to do an advanced SRAM design with specific L2 cache design features. Such features include an overall architecture optimized for performance as a cache chip, full processor clock speed read/write cycle time, I/O optimized for back-side or side-by-side cache implementation, space-radiation hardening and minimum power consumption. Additional study during phase I shall explore the use of error-detection and correction (EDAC) circuitry for ultra-hard, high density memory implementation with limited performance penalties. Relevant parameter goals for the new research, analysis and design work are: Minimum transistor geometry - 0.25 micron; 1 M Rad total ionizing dose immunity; Single event latchup immunity to greater than a LET level of 120 MeV-cm2/mg; 1 Mbyte capacity; 100 MHz read/write cycle clock; 2.5V VDD; 4pF I/O load (specific to 1-to-1 processor/memory packaging_back-side packaging or equivalent); 5% VDD variation. |
| AVYD DEVICES, INC.
2925 COLLEGE AVENUE, UNIT A-1 COSTA MESA, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 751-8553
HONNAVALLI R VYDYANATH AF 00-062 |
| Title: | Development of a High Performance P on n LWIR HgCdTe Device Technology |
| Abstract: | AVYD DEVICES proposes to develop a p type doping approach at temperatures much less than 400 C and which will result in a negligible degree of heterostructure interdiffusion, near 100% acceptor activation efficiency and minimized defects in the depltion region of the devices. Phase I objective is to demonstrate high quality p type films using this approach. Phase II work aims to optimize the low temperature p type doping approach and demonstrate high performance 256x256 mosaics of LWIR HgCdTe photodiodes hybridized to Si Read Out Integration Chips. |
| EPIR, LTD.
410 North Weber Road Suite B Romeoville, IL 60446 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 235-1511
Yuanping Chen AF 00-062 |
| Title: | Effective Low-Temperature p-type Doping for HgCdTe IR Photodiodes |
| Abstract: | High-performance HgCdTe focal plane arrays (FPAs) sensing in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) region and advanced structures such as FPAs based on dual or multi-color detectors are highly desirable for various Air Force applications. Such device architecture requires not only reliable extrinsic n- and p-type doping in HgCdTe but also composition and doping profiles precisely controlled. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is recognized as the best technique to grow high performance advanced heterostructure devices based on HgCdTe. Although in MBE-HgCdTe the n-type doping with indium is well under control, the situation concerning the p-type doping with arsenic, which is the most suitable acceptor, is more complex. Arsenic molecules (As4 and As2) incorporated in HgCdTe during MBE growth predominately behave as donors. High temperature annealing of about 400 0C is necessary to activate arsenic species into acceptors. Annealing at such high temperature is very detrimental for as-grown MBE-HgCdTe heterostructures since junctions and interfaces with atomic-scale controlled profiles will interdiffuse during the annealing. Therefore, it is mandatory to achieve p-type doping with group V elements at a temperature close to MBE growth temperature. In this SBIR Phase I program, we propose a technique using planar doping with atomic arsenic source to achieve p-type doping in HgCdTe at or near MBE growth temperature i.e below 250 0C. In this approach, the arsenic atoms will be forced to react with Hg atoms during the growth in order to enhance the incorporation of arsenic atoms at non-metallic sites. The ultimate goal of this SBIR effort is to achieve p-type doping at MBE growth temperature. |
| ENGINEERING MECHANICS CORP. OF COLUMBUS
3518 Riverside Drive Suite 202 Columbus, OH 43221 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 459-3200
Yong-Yi Wang AF 00-063 |
| Title: | Low Temperature Flip Chip Bonding of Infrared Focal Plane Arrays on Readout Circuit Substrate |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of a low-temperature flip chip bonding technique for interconnects between multi-waveband detector layers of a large-format detector array and its corresponding readout array with greater than 85% fill factor. The new flip chip bonding technique allows the formation of fine pitch bumps with high aspect ratio (>1). The low temperature bonding reduces the thermal stress and strain at the interconnects thus promoting more reliable joints and minimizing any damages to the devices. The graded material makes it possible to have bumps of high aspect ratio and low thermal stresses. The bonding process creates "self-cleaning" effects on the fraying bonding surfaces, thus eliminating the need for fluxing or protective environment. The advanced analytical methods can provide optimal interconnect design with lowest possible thermal stresses. The process modeling tools developed in this proposal can be used to select processing parameters for a wide range of applications. The effective processing tool design can be achieved using the insights provided by the process modeling tools. This new bonding technique and associated design and evaluation tools should be extremely valuable to the end user of the process and the equipment manufacturers for this process |
| MICROWAVE BONDING INSTRUMENTS
2018 Crestlake Ave. South Pasadena, CA 91030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 354-0718
Nasser Budraa AF 00-063 |
| Title: | Multi-waveband Interconnect Technology |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to develop and demonstrate a novel interconnect bonding method. This method utilizes radio frequency (RF) and high frequency (HF) electromagnetic waves in single-mode cavity (SMC). This process has the capability to achieve interconnect bonding between stacked sensors, and could be customized for multi-waveband detector arrays. While this method preserves the fill factor in all detector wavebands, it also has the advantages of lower temperature processing, and reduction of the interconnect bump thickness by an order of magnitude. One ultimate goal of this process is exclude the indium bump bonding process and its associated costs. Replacing the indium metal by a higher melting temperature metal (e.g. Al) would immediately enhance the mechanical strength of the device. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Mark V. Zagarola AF 00-064 |
| Title: | A High Capacity Turboalternator for Turbo-Brayton Cryocoolers |
| Abstract: | Future DoD cryogenic cooling requirements include space missions with relatively large cooling demands. These include space-based lasers, orbiting vehicles requiring cooling of stored fuels, and space-based platforms using large arrays of infrared detectors. Loads for these applications will range from several watts to tens of watts. Temperatures of interest are between 10 K and 100 K. Current reverse turbo-Brayton cryocoolers are optimized for a limited range of loads and temperatures, significantly below those of future high-capacity requirements. In order to meet future needs for high-capacity cooling, additional research and development must be performed on the turboalternator, a key component in the system. This proposal addresses the development of a high-capacity turboalternator. During Phase I, we will establish fundamental loss characteristics for the machine through testing and analysis. In Phase II a turboalternator will be optimized for a specific DoD application. Tests will be performed in a closed-loop cryocooler to verify the models and scaling laws. |
| TTH RESEARCH, INC.
3403 Londonleaf Lane Laurel, MD 20724 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 641-2954
Triem T. Hoang AF 00-064 |
| Title: | Flexible Across-Gimbal Cryogenic Cooling Transport System |
| Abstract: | Next generation space infrared sensing instruments and spacecraft cryocooling systems will require drastic improvements in cryocooling technology in terms of performance and ease of integration. Although flexible or structural isolation joints are required in optical benches and/or kinematically mounted instruments, gimbaled cryogenic infrared payloads have additional and difficult-to-meet requirements for 2-axis motion and low torque. The ability to provide cooling for on-gimbal cryogenic optics/sensors with spacecraft-mounted coolers will result in revolutionary improvements in a number of areas. The difficulty of making a cryogenic thermal connection across any type of flexible joint, much less a gimbaled joint, cannot be overstated. Because of the cryogenic nature of the connection, thermal joint flexibility, durability, reliability, material compatibility, differential expansion/contraction, and parasitic heat loss, are all highly complex, temperature-dependent technical concerns. At present, a solution that can meet this technical need does not exist and the technology base to solve this problem is incomplete. An advanced concept of Cryogenic Loop Heat Pipe (CLHP) is proposed to transport cryogenic cooling across a gimbaled joint. The CLHP system will have low parasitics, high cooling efficiency, repeatable operation, and long-lasting flexibility is a revolutionary technical need that can enable spacebased infrared sensor missions for the Air Force. |
| ATHENA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 331-1051
Ben Motazed AF 00-065 |
| Title: | Low-Cost Miniature Flight Control System |
| Abstract: | Athena Technology, Incorporated (Athena) in teaming with Honeywell Corporation, proposes to develop an affordable and survivable flight control system (FCS), based on integrated INS/GPS technology, capable of performing guidance, navigation and control functions for small launch vehicles. The proposed approach leverages Athena's patented and flight demonstrated fault-tolerant control (FTC) capability, and Honeywell's experise in control and navigation sensor hardware development and manufacturing. The overall system will provide real-time failure detection and isolation, and achieve "On-the-Fly" reconfiguration of the flight control system even in face of failures. Athena's approach uniquely achieves this with the design of only a few control design points, valid and stable over the entire operational envelope. The elegance of this design formulation produces robust and very small footprint control algorithms, resulting in efficient software maintenance, moderate computational requirements, and overall reduction in life-cycle cost. |
| ORION DYNAMICS & CONTROL, INC.
2525 Arapahoe Ave., C-216 Boulder, CO 80302 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 579-8071
Mark R Krebs AF 00-065 |
| Title: | The Silicon Pilot - A Low Cost Rocket Controller |
| Abstract: | Orion will develop a flight control system capable of guiding a low-cost launch vehicle to orbit, leveraging on technology developed in-house for aircraft applications. This system combines guidance, navigation and control functions with strapdown inertial sensors in a single small package. Low cost and high performance is achieved by combining data from modern micro-machined inertial sensors in a Kalman filter with GPS position and velocity data. The inertial sensors will produce high-bandwidth attitude information in the short-term, while the GPS data will be used for low-bandwidth guidance. The GPS data will also be used to estimate the long-term errors in the inertial sensors. Within the scope of the Phase I SBIR program, specifications will be determined, components selected, and algorithms developed. The system will be prototyped and demonstrated in (atmospheric) flight as the major task in the Phase I program. Follow-on work will harden the components and perform system environmental qualification testing under representative vibration, thermal-vacuum and acceleration environments. |
| AEC-ABLE ENGINEERING CO., INC.
93 Castilian Dr. Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 685-2262
Dave Murphy AF 00-066 |
| Title: | Inflatable Structures for Lightweight Solar Arrays |
| Abstract: | The objective of this project is to develop and characterize several conceptual thin-film deployable solar array systems that promise state-of-the-art performance in terms of mass, stowed volume, and cost. Enabling material and component technologies will be applied based on trades as appropriate to optimize each proposed system. The most promising array systems resulting from this study will be preliminarilly designed, analyzed, and parametrically characterized. These results will be presented in a design review and summarized in a final report. Plans will be established to support continued Phase II development and validation of the most promising systems. |
| L'GARDE, INC.
15181 Woodlawn Avenue Tustin, CA 92780 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 259-0771
David Lichodziejewski AF 00-066 |
| Title: | Inflatably Deployed Conical Rigidizable Boom Development |
| Abstract: | The use of rigidizable inflatably deployed booms for deployment and support of thin film solar arrays shows great promise because of their light weight and small packaged volume. Two major issues have not been satisfactorily resolved. These are the rigidization system and deployment control. These will both be addressed during this study. The rigidization system is based on elastomeric like resins that become rigid as the temperature is reduced below its glass transition temperature (Tg). During deployment the rigidizable boom will be above its Tg and therefore flexible. Once deployed by inflation it is allowed to cool to its operating temperature which is well below the Tg. At its operating temperature the boom hardens and the boom is no longer dependent on inflation pressure for rigidiity. The deployment control results from a unique packaging concept for the conical boom. This concept was conceived by L'Garde and results in a minimum weight system. The deployment concept requires essentially zero additional mass. During the study we will demonstrate controlled deployment of the boom, we will show by analysis the concept can be scaled from very large booms to very small booms and we will show by analysis the concepts structural capability. |
| AASC
3437 South Airport Way PO Box PO Box 6189 Stockton, CA 95206 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(209) 983-3253
Rich Brand AF 00-067 |
| Title: | Integrated Payload Dispenser for Multi Micro-Satellite Missions |
| Abstract: | As the number of satellites and satellite "constellations" increases each year, the need for an economical payload dispenser system, which can accommodate multiple satellite configurations, is increasing. An approach will be studied to use generic flat composite sandwich panels to form more complex dispenser structures from standardized components. These standardized panels will be easily pre-fabricated using lightweight/low cost carbon graphite face sheets and foam core. Assembly will be accomplished with dovetail type joint, which may be reinforced with local doublers and or angle clips. A unique, post-bonded, insert system will be investigated and tested which will allow attachment of payloads anywhere within the panel and eliminate the need for local densification of the core. Proper design of the panel geometry, materials, and insert system will allow the standard panel concept to be used for multiple applications, eliminating the need to redesign for each unique payload. Analyses will be performed to verify the design of this system given anticipated future payloads, commercially available materials, load isolation systems, and on-board propulsion. |
| LEFT HAND DESIGN CORP.
7901 Oxford Road Longmont, CO 80503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 652-2786
Lawrence M. Germann AF 00-068 |
| Title: | Miniaturized Vibration Isolation System (MVIS) |
| Abstract: | The proposed technology incorporates innovations that lead to major improvements toexisting Active Isolation Systems for multiple applications. These innovations include the use of LHDC's efficient CS actuator technology, and its use in a fully non-contacting suspension for an extremely soft, very compact isolation layer between payload and base. The approach uses 6 electro-magnetic actuators and multi-disciplinary optimization. The actuator modules are located radially near the radius of gyration of the moving element to minimize excitation of structural bending modes of the payload structure. Three axial actuators provide 3-degree-of-control: azimuth, elevation, and Z. Three tangential actuators provide control of the roll, X, and Y vectors. |
| LITHIUM ENERGY ASSOC., INC.
225 Crescent Street Waltham, MA 02453 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 894-1510
Frederick Dampier AF 00-069 |
| Title: | High Power/Energy Lithium-Copper Chloride Launch Ve |