| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
7519 Standish Place, Suite 200 Rockville, MD 20855 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 222-0444
Dr. Chujen Lin AF 02-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | UWB for Target Identification |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a target identification system using Time Modulated Ultra-Wide Band (TM-UWB) radars. The prototype hardware will be based on the TM-UWB ASIC chips developed by Time Domain Corporation of Huntsville AL. The only signals transmitted by UWB radars are pulses generated pseudo-randomly in time. The pulses we are currently using are « nanosecond in duration and the energy extends approximately from roughly .8 to 3 gigahertz. The energy content in any conventional frequency band is below the noise, making TM-UWB transmission highly covert unless you know the specific pseudo-random sequence. With TM-UWB there is no carrier frequency, no up-conversion and no down-conversion, and the output stage can be a single transistor which creates a binary pulse, all resulting in decreased radio size, cost, and complexity. The duty cycle of the pulse generated by our current hardware is approximately 1/200, resulting in low power consumption because 99.5% of the time, nothing is being transmitted. Because of the low frequency content of TM-UWB signals, they are able to penetrate foliage and nonmetallic obstacles better than conventional radars. During Phase I, we will design a UWB conformal array antenna system and demonstrate the prototype system in a laboratory environment. The primary potential military application for this technology is the location and identification of obscured objects. Civilian applications include future time domain communications systems as well as airborne mapping of buried cables, pipelines, and mine shafts. IAI and TDC are aggressively working to develop through-the-wall imaging radar for use by polices, fire fighters, and for use by the military for MOUT operations. There is great interest in through the wall imaging, and congress has specifically earmarked substantial funds for this development. The developments from the subject work should lead to the next generation of through-the-wall imaging radar. The ability to electronically steer radio transmissions will also increase the range and/or data rate of TM-UWB radios. |
| SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
15261 Connector Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 903-1000
Mr. Michael Marino AF 02-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Identification of Small Metallic Objects Using UWB Excitation |
| Abstract: | SARA proposes to design a coherent, hybrid, UWB detector and analyzer (CHUDA) system that uses commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology. SARA will use proven technologies and algorithms, developed during the conduct of 5 previous Phase II SBIR programs. CHUDA is comprised of multiple wideband conformal antennas, a hybrid radio frequency (RF) receiver, and a digital signal processor (DSP). This architecture has the combined benefits of spectrum analyzer and transient digitizer systems, while greatly reducing the disadvantages of these systems. The system will detect, identify, and localize ground objects. This SBIR addresses the receive system. We expect "small, metallic object detection" to be the primary product of the proposed technology. This system holds great promise as a commercial product and we envision the following commercial and military applications: The primary military application will be the a mobile and/or airborne system capable of detecting and identifying small (less than 6 ft.) metallic objects in a clutter environment. The system can be used to scan public places (airports, schools, sport stadiums, demonstrations, ...) to detect and pinpoint persons carrying metallic weapons. This system could augment search and rescue efforts. Sensors would be installed at various mountain peaks that are commonly used by hikers and cross country skiers. The system could locate lost individuals from their cell phone transmissions or by providing them with a transponder at the start their trip. The system could be installed in urban areas for localizing cellular 911 emergency calls. The system could be installed in urban areas for stolen vehicle recovery systems. The system could be used by local law enforcement for locating unauthorized transmitters. |
| CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORPORATION
727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-2567
Mr. Joseph Tesar AF 02-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An Optical Health Monitor for High Power Lasers |
| Abstract: | Research on high energy lasers (HELs) has been taking place in laboratories for several years. As the technology matures, HELs are moving out of the laboratory and into applications such as military weapons, industrial material processing and fusion research. HELs make significant demands on the optical components, often subjecting coatings, mirrors and lenses to optical energy near the damage threshold of the element. In less-than-ideal environments, contamination of mirrors and lens elements can quickly cause optical coatings to degrade. For this reason, the need exists for on-going monitoring of the critical elements in a HEL system. Cybernet proposes to develop an automated optical health monitoring system that can alert the laser operator to degraded performance and coordinate predictive maintenance. The system acquires data from a number of standard metrology instruments, storing diagnostic data into a dynamic database. Optical characteristics to monitor include reflectance, transmittance, scatter, photothermal and photomechanical response. Once data from the optical sensors is in the database, software routines based on expert systems will track diagnostic data and alert maintenance personnel when performance decreases, or when optically induced damage is imminent. Commercial applications include industrial material processing (welding, cutting, etc) and fusion research. |
| CLARK-MXR, INC.
7300 Huron River Drive Dexter, MI 48130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 426-2803
Dr. Larry Walker AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | The goal of this Phase I program is to define the system concept (including hardware and software) needed to produce holes whose entrance, bore, and exit are contoured to user-defined parameters, reliably and repeatedly time-after-time, with a minimum of intervention by the user, and in less than one minute per hole (hopefully substantially less.) We will demonstrate basic concepts by drilling 170 micron diameter holes in 1 mm thick metal plates using a commercial, ultrashort pulse micromachining workstation, and then compare the results to the requirements set forth in "Specifications for Rapid Hole Drilling" by William Latham. This Phase I program will lay the groundwork for construction and commissioning of a system whose performance provides the best fit to these requirements. This work will find applications in the military in the ABL program, in the automotive industry in the manufacture of fuel injectors that result in better fuel atomization (and consequently more efficient and cleaner burn), in the heavy-duty truck industry by helping them meet the EPA's goal for reducing emissions by CY-2007 (see www.epa.gov/otag/diesel.htm), in micromachining inkjet printers by eliminating the need to use the hazardous and corrosive gases required to run excimer lasers, in biomedical applications in the design and fabrication of "lab-on-a-chip" devices, and in the fabrication of stents serving specialized medical needs. |
| DYNAMIC STRUCTURE & MATERIALS, LLC
205 Williamson Square Franklin, TN 37064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 595-6665
Dr. Jeffrey S. N. Paine AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Hole Array Drilling Using Laser and Mechanical Processes |
| Abstract: | An innovative solution is proposed for production of precise hole arrays in metals and other materials. To create arrays of holes on the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm diameter and 0.5 to 5 mm deep, DSM proposes a combination of high peak-power lasers and very precise and accurate part manipulation. "Pico and femto-second" lasers with very short pulse duration and very high rep-rates produce streams of high intensity energy pulses that excel at micro-drilling of metals. A critical requirement for precise drilling and cutting is the avoidance of heat dissipation and the loss of concentrated energy at the ablation site. With the ability to deposit the energy at very short intervals and high rep-rates, heat dissipation can be minimized. By attempting the precise drilling of sample materials with a number of laser sources, an effective combination of laser wavelength, pulse duration and rep-rate will be determined. A novel part handling and precision manipulation platform will be used to achieve precise drilling control and correct for any laser beam quality errors (taper and/or non-circularity errors). Finally, Phase I will demonstrate the ability to rapidly position and process the part to achieve desired hole production throughput. Precision micro-machining and micro-processing of materials is an increasingly important tool for the production of MEMS, biomedical devices, photonics components, and precision apertures. The ability to accurately drill precise holes and handle the parts to facilitate rapid production of micron level features makes the production of these devices much less expensive. Devices such as the Singlet Oxygen Generator for the ABL and other injection devices can also be realized in a reasonable amount of time with rapid and accurate hole production. |
| E. M. OPTOMECHANICAL, INC.
#310, 13170B Central Ave, SE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 281-1746
Mr. Thomas A. Swann AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Laser Drilling and Inspection of Contoured Holes |
| Abstract: | The Air Force's Airborne Laser System needs technology to rapidly produce high-quality 170-micron diameter contoured holes in quantities of millions. At a target rate of one hole per minute, a single production workstation running 24/7 would take 46 years to produce the number of holes required for a fully operational system consisting of seven aircraft. E. M. Optomechanical, Inc. is proposing a unique combination of laser micromachining, machine vision, and robotics technologies into a cost effective workstation capable, with multiple workstations, of meeting the Air Force's quality and throughput requirements. The most critical feasibility issues are how fast can holes be produced, with the techniques necessary to produce high quality contoured holes, and how can the quality of the holes be assessed. The objective of this Phase I technical proposal is to experimentally produce high-quality contoured holes in one minute or less per hole and to determine a means to ensure the quality of the holes that are produced. E. M. Optomechanical has assembled a highly qualified team experienced in producing systems that incorporate laser micromachining, machine vision, and robotics technologies as well as the successful commercialization of work funded through the SBIR program. The Air Force's application is to produce holes in the injector heads of singlet oxygen generators that are used in chemical oxygen iodine lasers. In addition to drilling holes, the system proposed would be versatile enough to be used for many other laser micromachining applications. Commercial micromachining applications include microelectronics packaging, semiconductor manufacturing, medical devices and diagnostics, data storage devices, telecommunications devices, and computer peripherals. |
| EXTRUDE HONE CORPORATION
1 Industry Blvd, P.O. Box 1000 Irwin, PA 15642 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(724) 863-5900
Mr. Ralph Resnick AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | This project proposes to develop and quantify the performance characteristics for processing the holes in the injector heads of the ABL weapon system. The objective is to provide the Air Force and supporting contractors with the technology and equipment to manufacture holes of virtually arbitrary size, contour and accuracy. Techniques and concepts that will form the basis of machining holes with a new short-pulse laser system will be investigated. Specifically, it will be determined if it is feasible to produce holes of sufficient quality and at production rates capable of meeting specifications for the injector heads of the laser modules for the Air Force ABL weapon system. Development of short-pulse laser machining technology and processing parameters will lead to the design, manufacture and demonstration of a prototype Short-Pulse Laser Machining system capable of meeting the objectives of the injector heads for the laser modules on the Air Force ABL in Phase II. The new short-pulse laser technology proposed represents a significant advance in precision manufacturing and its potential is of the same order as other revolutionary new machining technologies of the past few decades. Short-pulse lasers can be used to precisely machine virtually any material, including metals, dielectrics, semiconductors and those that are optically transparent, and the process yields no heat affected zone, no mechanical damage, burr-free cuts, and no modification of material properties. It is clear that the technology will have broad impact over a range of market sectors and user communities. Both the commercial sector and the DOD would be attracted by the potential of the SP laser as an industrial tool. |
| LASER FARE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY GROUP
70 Dean Knauss Drive Narragansett, RI 02882 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 738-5777
Dr. Paul Jacobs AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Air Force must develop the ability to rapidly drill many millions of 170 micron diameter holes through metal plates, to form injector heads as part of its ABL program. The holes must be high quality, non-invasive to the surrounding metal, and the process must be less labor and time intensive than present methods. As discussed in this proposal the physics of material removal with pulsed lasers is uniquely different for short pulse laser drilling (pulse duration < 20 ps) than for the more common long pulse laser drilling ( > 20 ps.). During the proposed Phase I program we will perform analytical modeling of both long pulse and short pulse laser systems. Also, we will down-select the best candidate laser(s), based upon anticipated drilling speed and hole quality. Next, we will assemble/locate prototype candidate laser systems. This prototype system(s) will drill 300 holes in each of three 316 stainless steel plates, 0.2 mm, 1.0 mm, and 5 mm thick. Statistically significant mean value and standard deviation values of : (1) hole drilling time, (2) inlet diameter, (3) inlet eccentricity, (4) outlet diameter, (5) outlet eccentricity, and (6) surface roughness will be demonstrated in Phase I. The ability to drill precise, high aspect ratio holes at a highly productive, cost efficient rate is not only critical to the ABL lasing process, but it is also an enabling capability for other applications such as in the filtration industry and in the airframe industry. Small diameter precision holes have long been considered for the leading edges of airfoils (wings and stabilizers)for drag reduction, but lack of cost effective capability has stifled development of this concept Although these types of holes can be drilled on a limited, ideal condition basis, the time (schedule) and cost make it prohibitive to incorporate large numbers of these holes in concept designs. The benefit of consistent quality, high speed hole drilling on a virtually lights out 24/7 basis would enable these concepts to be a reality. |
| PARADIGM LASERS, INC.
402 Commercial Street East Rochester, NY 14445 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(585) 248-0290
Mr. Tim Irwin AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | To achieve the required accuracy, precision and production rate we propose to apply our specialized experience in lasers and Electrical Discharge Machining(EDM)for drilling precise 170æm diameter holes. The proposed technique combines the advantages of each of these technologies. Using a DPSS Laser to pre-drill the holes, rapidly removing 90% of the material, and EDM to finish the drilling process, ensures the desired hole geometry and internal surface quality, while having the goal of achieving an operational rate of one BHP injector head every two hours. We will demostrate the drilling process to confirm the soundness of our approach and provide a number of holes in the specified metal stock. A combined process drilling machine will be conceptualized and described for BHP injector production. There is a strong need in the industry for rapid drilling of small diameter precision holes in a variety of materials, a problem that as yet has not been adequately solved. Examples of applications are automotive fuel injection systems, ink jet printers, near-field optical scanning microscopes, Laval nozzles for gas dynamic lasers and many others. We believe that our approach will provide a good solution. |
| PHOTON PRIME INC.
119 South Vine Street Plainfield, IN 46168 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(317) 627-4829
Mr. David E. Stucker AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | The process of producing tightly toleranced holes on the order of 170 microns enters into a realm of great difficulty. Though thousands of holes are produced in the automotive industry daily approximating this size, standard EDM techniques do not approach the tolerances requested of <0.01 X hole feature for a reasonable process time. Further compounding the problem is the increased difficulty of producing a said hole in a thicker substrate material as could be required for this particular program. In this Phase I Program, a 500W TRW DP-11 high brightness DPSSL laser, as developed under the DARPA sponsored Precision Laser Machining Program, will be used to laser process small diameter holes and evaluated as to define whether the required tolerances may or may not be met in a reasonable cycle time. If successful, it is projected that this process could replace a major portion of the EDM processed holes as done today. Given the success of this Phase I Program, an immediate benefit would be to provide the ABL and GBL Laser Programs a confirmed process and site for limited production of components. If carried through Phase II, it is proposed that a beta turnkey system would result allowing gasoline and diesel fuel injector drilling. Medical component processing would likely follow as applications arise. |
| PHYSICS, MATERIALS & APPLIED MATH RESEARCH, L.L.C.
1333 N. Tyndall Ave. suite 212 Tucson, AZ 85719 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 882-7349
Dr. Kevin Kremeyer AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Small Holes, Drilled in Hard Materials, Using Ultrasort Laser Pulses. |
| Abstract: | Ultrashort laser pulses are able to deposit nearly all of their energy before the target material responds significanly. As a result, they avoid the losses/scattering which typically accompany other forms of laser processing. Another benefit is the absence of the melt-phase with its associated slag and thermal trauma/cracking. The amount of material ablated by each pulse can be controlled by adjusting the pulse energy and spot size. For very small pulse energies, incremeental amounts of material can be removed. If the spot size is gradually reduced from pulse to pulse, the hole can be very smoothly tapered/contoured. Small pulse energies enable fine control, but also necessitate high pulse repetition rates in order to be useful. One of the main concerns involved in rapid pulse succession is the interaction of a given pulse with the ablation plume of its preceding pulse. This problem can be mitigated by machining in a vacuum, however when multiple holes are drilled, the pulses can be alternated among many holes, allowing sufficient time between pulses at any given hole. We propose the application of ultrashort laser pulses to drill arrays of small holes in hard and/or coated materials. lower cost, finer control, drill through coatings, etc The anticipated benefits of this technology are much lower cost and time requirements over conventional drilling methods in the ABL program. The method will also allow higher precision than conventional methods, leading to much finer control, and better mixing in the ABL combustion chamber. If coatings are used on the injector heads to make them more inert, the ultrafast laser drilling method will allow easy penetration of any coating that may be implemented. Another government application is the DOE's request for small holes of very large aspect ratios in diesel fuel injectors to increase their efficiency. This application is clearly for the commercial market, and will lead to advances that are useful to most all liquid combustion applications. Beside these government applications, there are many applications in commercial micro machining and micro-fluidics, as well as medical applications, such as dentistry. |
| BRASHEAR LP
615 Epsilon Dr Pittsburgh, PA 15238 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 967-7831
Robert Sobek AF 02-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Beam Train Flexible Structure Control for Airborne/Space-Based Systems |
| Abstract: | Brashear LP proposes to characterize the problem and possible solutions for acoustic induced disturbances. This problem will likely drive the LOS jitter stability of ABL and similar airborne pointing applications. The research will characterize the acoustic disturbance on ABL hardware then use this detailed description to employ more sophisticated methods of jitter control. Such methods include mechanical based solutions (both active and passive) and electronic motion control solutions. The approaches will be quantitatively compared and assessed for practical implementation. The proposed improvements in jitter control would have immediate impact on the ABL program. These benefits would include increased operating range to target, reduced dwell time on target or the possibility of designing and incorporating lightweight, flexible structures to reduce system weight. In addition to ABL any directed energy system on an airborne platform, such as ATL, would also benefit. Other directed energy systems such as M-THEL and SBL could also benefit from the improved jitter performance. Finally, any optical system subject to harsh vibration environments or high acoustic loads (such as those caused by high wind loads) could benefit from the proposed improvements in jitter control. ATL is similar application to ABL that is likely to see a higher acoustic disturbance environment from essentially the same sources as ABL. The goal of ATL is microradian pointing stability on a system intended for installation on various airborne platforms. The disturbance modeling techniques and the jitter control solutions learned in this SBIR would directly apply. Anticipated results for successful Phase I include: 1.A description of the acoustic disturbance problem that can be used to seed advanced jitter control methods. 2.Identification and quantified performance prediction of mechanical and structure based jitter control schemes including their effectiveness on the jitter control as a function of frequency. 3.Identification and quantified performance prediction of motion control based jitter control schemes including their effectiveness on the jitter control as a function of frequency. 4.A quantified benefit to the ABL mission parameters. 5.Experimental data that supports the qualitative attributes of a structure solution to acoustic induced jitter. |
| CSA ENGINEERING, INC.
2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 765-5860
Dr. Jerry Alcone AF 02-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Adaptive Filtering and Disturbance Feedforward Approach for Flexible Beam Train Control |
| Abstract: | In this effort, a novel Adaptive Filtering and Disturbance Feed-forward (AFDF) technique is investigated in the context of direct practical application to the ABL beam control system. High performance ATP systems such as those required for ABL often operate in intense aero-acoustic and structural vibration environments. The degradation in performance arising from these disturbances is accentuated as the mass/inertia of the beam train and its support structure are reduced. Further degradation in performance results from the structural-dynamic interactions excited by the high bandwidth, high acceleration operational characteristics, typical of ATP systems. The proposed technique integrates previous proven approaches to AFDF with recent advances in flexible structure sensing and control. The result is a practical AFDF implementation suitable for flexible beam train applications such as the ABL. A unique aspect of the proposed effort is the introduction of closed loop AFDF to improve overall disturbance rejection and simultaneously reduce both structural mode and aero-acoustic environment effects on system performance. CSA currently supports Lockheed-Martin on the development of the integrated beam control system for ABL. The AFDF approach has a direct transition opportunity to the ABL program due to its potential to reduce vibration-induced jitter in the ABL beam control system. Specifically, AFDF can improve performance with respect to turret buffet, stable platform pointing error, and non-common path jitter. CSA also supports a number of other DoD, NASA , and commercial customers in the development of aerospace stabilization systems. Since CSA is an established provider of these solutions, insertion of the higher performance AFDF algorithms represents a significant opportunity. In addition, CSA believes the commercial potential for the AFDF techniques developed in this effort are significant, due to their broad applicability to applications in other industries (e.g. automotive, semi-conductor, medical, etc.). Because AFDF potentially offers higher performance via a more efficient use of available sensing and actuation capability, a large opportunity exists for incorporating into both existing and future products such as isolation tables for wafer manufacturing, high performance automotive suspension systems. |
| PLANNING SYSTEMS INC.
12030 Sunrise Valley Dr, Suite 400, Reston Plaza I Reston, VA 20191 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 768-6500
Mr. Lawrence D. Davis AF 02-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Beam Train Flexible Structure Control for Airborne/Space-Based Systems |
| Abstract: | The increasing demands for higher performance optical acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) systems, combined with cost pressures requiring lighter payloads, indicates a need for a new approach to slewing and structural control. The use of lighter weight structures exacerbates the interaction of slew maneuvers and acoustic disturbances with the system's flexible modes, causing errors in the alignment and shape of the optical components that result in degraded optical performance. Such gimbaled systems will require control systems that can accommodate the time-varying disturbances, rigid-body, and flexible dynamics resulting from the changing geometry as the payload is slewed. To address these issues, we will show the feasibility of (Phase I) and demonstrate (Phase II) an adaptive control design approach that works during operation to autonomously identify the time-varying gimbaled optical system dynamics affecting the slewing bandwidth, then design feedback control laws to achieve predefined performance and stability criteria. Our technical approach is based on our Frequency Domain Expert (FDE) control algorithm, which has been demonstrated on the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE-II). The proposed technology development has the potential to significantly enhance the performance of large, gimbaled optics such as ABL and SBL. The ability of the new, autonomous control design procedure to provide both improved slewing and noise abatement without user intervention would prove especially beneficial to systems (such as SBL) with limits on communication with human supervisors. The same technology for control design will be useful in the commercialization arena, particularly for robotic applications in which a single control law is to function for a wide variety of system parameters and geometry. |
| ADVR INC.
910 Technology Blvd, Suite K Bozeman, MT 59718 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 522-0388
Dr. Gregg Switzer AF 02-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Frequency-Agile Monolithic Micro-Laser with Ultra-Narrow Linewidth |
| Abstract: | A method for generating a high power, continuous wave (cw) monolithic micro-laser with rapidly tunable, narrow linewidth output is proposed. The concept employs a semiconductor laser coupled to an electro-optically controlled Bragg waveguide in Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) providing single frequency output. Frequency tuning is achieved by applying a voltage across the waveguide, thereby changing its index of refraction. The targeted tuning range is 30 GHz in 1 ms by applying 18 volts across the waveguide. The output of the laser will be amplified to 1 Watt using a commercially available Yb-doped fiber amplifier. The combined system will provide a high power, rapidly tunable, single frequency output in a robust, monolithic package ideal for tracking fast moving objects in the atmosphere. KTP is an ideal medium for this application because of its high electro-optic figure of merit (~36 pm/V), high threshold for optical damage (~1 GW/cm2), low susceptibility to photo-refractive damage, and the ability to form low loss (0.5 dB/cm) waveguides using standard ion exchange techniques. KTP is transparent from 350 nm to 4500 nm, so the device will work for a wide variety of wavelengths ranges. The proposed monolithic laser will provide rapid tuning over a broad frequency range at high power making it ideal for laser tracking and spectroscopy. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Mark Phillips AF 02-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Frequency-Agile Laser for Target Velocity Compensation |
| Abstract: | Frequency-agile lasers with ultra-narrow linewidth are required for several coherent laser applications, including correction for Doppler frequency shifts between fast-moving platforms, and column content Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) measurements from Space with atmospheric depth biassing. Coherent Technologies Inc. proposes to develop a compact near-monolithic laser that provides 30GHz tuning capability, tunable over its full range in 1ms. The tuning mechanism will be intracavity phase modulation to provide settling times that are commensurate with the 1ms tuning period. A master oscillator, power amplifier (MOPA) architecture is implemented to allow power scaling to the 1W level and above. This program will leverage off CTI?s previous and existing work in frequency offset-locking of single frequency lasers for space-based platform compensation, and power scaling of single frequency lasers using large core fiber amplifiers to avoid nonlinear optical scattering. The tunable laser will likely be based on Nd:YAG, with amplification in an Yb:glass optical fiber. In the final configuration, a separate single frequency laser will be locked to a reference cell, and the tunable laser will be frequency offset-locked to the reference laser. The Phase 1 program will include a tuning demonstration of the low power tunable master oscillator. Anticipated applications include (1) Platform motion correction in Doppler Lidar systems,(2) Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) measurements. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Iain McKinnie AF 02-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Robust and Efficient Tunable Laser for HEL Applications |
| Abstract: | CTI proposes a compact, high-efficiency, high beam-quality 2.6-2.9 micron tunable low energy laser (LEL) for SBL applications. The LEL is required for alignment of HEL resonator optics and payload element, testing of diagnostics and low power testing. The proposed transmitter is based on a laser with OPO frequency converter, and provides significant advantages in efficiency, footprint and beam quality over similar state-of-the-art laser pumped OPOs. Improved performance results from two critical patent-pending technologies. The efficiency and beam quality of the drive laser are optimized using a proprietary technology that combines the high efficiency and diffraction-limited output of a single-mode fiber laser with the power-scaling of a bulk laser. The drive laser is also compact and readily ruggedized, with excellent thermal properties. The OPO uses an innovative architecture to maximize efficient conversion to required LEL wavelengths. Absorption problems in this region (common in many nonlinear materials such as PPLN) are minimized. Minor modifications to the OPO architecture can provide up to 40% efficiency enhancement at certain wavelengths, and single frequency operation using a proprietary low-loss spectral control technique. Phase I will conduct risk-reduction demonstrations of the two critical technologies. The program leverages multiple other programs at CTI, enabling delivery of a brassboard prototype laser in Phase II. In addition to LEL applications, robust, compact and efficient frequency-agile laser transmitters in the MWIR region are needed for commercial DIAL sensors for industrial chemical detection, pollution monitoring and leak detection. These lasers are also useful for scientific applications such as high resolution spectroscopy. With minor modifications, SWIR output can be generated as a diagnostic source for WDM communications. High efficiency infrared lasers are also attractive for wind-sensing, free-space communications, search and rescue beacons, IR countermeasures and medicine. |
| FIBERTEK, INC.
510 Herndon Parkway Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 471-7671
Dr. Floyd Hovis AF 02-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Wavelength Low-Power Solid State Lasers for Space Based Laser Systems |
| Abstract: | Abstract: The emergence of space-based lasers as a viable alternative for ballistic missile destruction in space has started a flourish of activity aimed at the development and testing of components and systems required for this application. Current schedule for the completion of these tests is very tight, and the lack of some special items not yet commercially or otherwise available calls for their early and accelerated development. A low-power laser device is needed for a high fidelity low-power realization of a beam with similar characteristics to the one produced by the high power HF laser. This beam is used for emission optics adjustments to precisely aim and focus the high power radiation on the target. Several concepts will be proposed and analyzed. This effort will lead to the design, testing and space qualification of the required lasers. The multi-wavelength and tunability capabilities provided by these lasers, within a power range of 1-10 watts, are very valuable characteristics for their use in other fields such as lidar applications. The novel solid-sate laser technology to be developed will decrease the size, weight and cost of high-power diode-pumped lasers. These reductions will make affordable applications including materials processing and large area displays |
| Q PEAK, INC.
135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-9535
Dr. Alex Dergachev AF 02-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Tunable diode-pumped IR laser source |
| Abstract: | The Space-Based Laser (SBL) requires a Low Energy Laser (LEL) system to serve as a high fidelity surrogate during startup and optical alignment portions of test operations. In this proposal, we will develop a CW, diode-pumped solid state laser that can meet the requirements for the LEL, namely a CW power level in the 1-10 W range, and wavelengths in the 2600-2900-nm region. The device, based on a direct diode-pumped Er:YLF crystal, is rugged, compact, tunable, and well suited for space-based systems. The general approach will be to develop the simplest possible design with a low component count, providing extreme compactness and ruggedness. In a Phase II program the diode-pumped Er:YLF laser first operated in the Phase I effort would be further engineered into a prototype unit suitable for field tests. The proposed laser technology has immediate applications in laser medicine, for precision surgery. Other possible applications are in low-level detection of gases for process control and in precision cutting and drilling of selected materials. |
| SPIRE CORPORATION
One Patriots Park Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-6000
Dr. Kurt J. Linden AF 02-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | New 2.7 micron Fiber Laser for Space Laser System Cost Reduction |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| ACULIGHT CORPORATION
11805 North Creek Parkway S., Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 482-1100
Dr. David C. Gerstenberger AF 02-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Energy Laser Diagnostics for Space Based Applications |
| Abstract: | In support of the SBL-IFX program, the Air Force Research Laboratory is interested in the development of advanced laser diagnostics that will provide diagnostic and monitoring optical tools to contribute to the success of the SBL mission. We propose here a novel laser system that can be used in a variety of applications related to this mission and can play a key role in the success of the SBL program. This source is based on a continuous wave (CW), room temperature, widely tunable, single frequency, diode-pumped, doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (DRO). The diode-pumped nature of this source results in a device that is compact, requires small amounts of power and offers the potential for packaging to meet final flight requirements. We propose an innovative and enabling technology with the potential to address many of the outstanding issues associated with the design and deployment of the IFX flight vehicle and future SBL missile defense system. The source has application in measuring key HF laser parameters and has significant utility in a wide array of applications including sensing and combustion diagnostics. |
| KESTREL CORPORATION
3815 Osuna Road NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-2327
Dr. Leonard John Otten AF 02-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Energy Laser Diagnostics for Space Based Applications |
| Abstract: | Kestrel Corporation proposes an adaptation of a new technology that provides compact set of laser wavefront diagnostics that have the ruggedness needed for a space based applications. An application of a unique grating based phase diversity sensor offers a sensitive wavefront measurement that includes tip and tilt information. The proposed Phase I SBIR will update theoretical models of the sensors and conduct laboratory experiments with existing equipment to demonstrate the diagnostic concepts. The application of the distorted grating wavefront sensing to cornea characterization represents a significant commercial technology transfer opportunity. Exploration of the advanced optical imaging technology can lead to applications in other existing biophysical techniques, e.g., cell level spectroscopy, to assist in understanding the development of a number of eye diseases. Uses in battlefield IR imaging through the highly disturbed atmosphere near the Earth's surface are reasonable extrapolations of the technology. Because the concept does not require an artificial beacon, the technology offers a heretofore unavailable covert compensation capability. |
| MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS CORPORATION
P.O. Box 1127 Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 378-5261
Mr. Ronald E. Lukins AF 02-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active In-Situ Contamination Control |
| Abstract: | A device and system has been envisioned that may be highly suitable for cleaning high energy laser mirrors in space, and capable of mitigating or reduce charge buildup, and capable of removing hydrocarbon film contaminants. Low-energy reactive plasma technology is known to encompass windows of high reactivity where the combination of system operating parameters and the conditions at the surface to be cleaned are such that high reactivity (cleaning) rates can be achieved. An innovative approach has been developed that allows a low-cost means for addressing the feasibility of these systems to accomplish desired objectives (precision cleaning, charge buildup mitigation,and hydrocarbon film removal). Several spin-off activities and commercial applications such as pllution preventing replacement of solvent for hydrocarbons, other organic contaminants, and bio-mass reduction are already known. the company would be the first entity to develop, market, and deliver a devise to remove particulate and hydrocarbon film contaminants from SBL coated high energy laser mirrors in space. We would work closely with the Air Force during Pahse I, II, and III in order to meet customer requirements. Upon completion, our primary market targets would be DoD/Government agencies, and satellite manufacturers. During development we would also investigate technology transfer for non-space based applications. |
| SOUTH BAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CORP
7525 W. 81st St., Playa del Rey, CA 90293 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 615-8432
Dr. Roger J. Withrington AF 02-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active In-Situ Contamination Control |
| Abstract: | The objective of the proposed program is to demonstrate that CO2 jet spray cleaning can be applied to the in-situ contamination control of optics in future Space Based Laser weapon systems. The ability to remove particulate contamination and achieve cleanliness levels of 100 on ultra low absorption coatings on single crystal silicon substrates will be demonstrated via scatter measurements. Electrostatic charge effects that may impact the contamination control process will be assessed. On phase 2, the conceptual design of a cleaning system developed on phase 1 will be built and used to establish whether successful in-situ particle removal can be applied in an SBL geometry without re-contaminating other optical surfaces. The experimentation will be performed in a vacuum, be in a geometry that is representative of SBL systems and make use of the Active Contamination Experiment for SBIRS low (ACES) program hardware. The result will be an affordable experiment that can subsequently be upgraded to a shuttle hitch-hiker experiment to validate the technology in space. Provides a fail-safe method to achieve extremely high particulate cleanliness levels on optics critical to SBL performance in space. Can also be applied to airborne and ground based laser systems that have similar cleanliness levels making them costly to maintain. Commercial applications include contamination control for commercial satellites, space manufacturing processes and particulate removal in adverse environments. |
| KESTREL CORPORATION
3815 Osuna Road NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-2327
Dr. Leonard John Otten AF 02-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Temporal and Spatial Resolution Laser Beam Diagnostic Sensor |
| Abstract: | Kestrel Corporation, with our collaborator Boeing SVS, proposes an infrared hyperspectral imaging technology to remotely sense the spatially distributed spectral signature fingerprints of a high energy laser against a distant target. This technology offers high temporal and spatial resolution for the purpose of measuring laser beam characteristics during airborne HEL engagements, while simultaneously collecting target response data. In this Phase I SBIR, we will define the requirements for a hyperspectral sensor and use of an existing MWIR hyperspectral imager to demonstrate the key technical issues. We will show that the sensor can be used to observe the HEL beam size, energy distribution, location on the target, and target spectral response, with centimeter spatial distribution at rates in excess of 30 full samples per second. The proposed technique takes advantage of the existence of Kestrel developed IR hyperspectral imaging to simultaneous observe reflected HEL energy with the IR radiation and absorption associated with the interaction of the beam on the target. Coupled with existing sensor pointing and tracking from SVS, the sensor offers a spectral, spatial, signature map created at milli-second rates with immediate presentation of the engagement results Uses within the commercial jet engine industry to measure engine performance across a broad band of applications including allow potentially debilitating flaws in the jet engine to be diagnosed during testing. The work addresses Airborne Laser (ABL) program requirements for an adjunct mission sensors and National Reconnaissance Office's (NRO) requirement for ultraspectral sensing. Government and commercial uses environmental monitoring, and applications in treaty verification and counter drug surveillance all benefit from a molecular line resolution spectral imager. |
| PHOTON RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.
5720 Oberlin Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-9741
Dr. George M. Beardsley AF 02-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Remote Imaging for Airborne Laser Target Observation |
| Abstract: | Flight testing of the Airborne Laser (ABL) weapon system requires detailed characterization of the beam-target interaction, including beam energy flux, uniformity, size, position and duration on target, over a several-second interaction period while the ballistic missile target ascends rapidly. This Proposal addresses the design of a remote imaging system, including a sensor, tracking sub-system, and airborne platform, capable of providing the necessary radiometric accuracy and spatial and temporal resolution while flying at a safe distance from both the target missile trajectory and the high-energy ABL beam. Typical test engagements will occur at the ABL flight altitude (40,000 feet) and above. A high-altitude sensor platform minimizes atmospheric attenuation and turbulence effects. We will assess the option of using the USAF-NASA `ARES' WB-57, with which our company has extensive mission planning and operations experience. We will explore the extent to which advanced image processing, including deconvolution algorithms leveraging the large signal due to ABL illumination, can deliver the required resolution with an affordable sensor aperture. The proposed high altitude, high spatial/temporal resolution remote imaging system is potentially applicable to other missile defense test scenarios, such as hit-to-kill intercepts outside the atmosphere. It would provide high-frame-rate image sequences of the impact debris cloud, minimally degraded by atmospheric effects. It would also be useful for observation and diagnosis of high altitude laser weapon effects testing in future USAF programs. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS INCORPORATED
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4266
Mr. Robert S. Fielder AF 02-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Directed Energy Target Failure Sensors |
| Abstract: | For the Phase I project, Luna Innovations proposes to develop a fiber optic, high-temperature, multiplexed temperature and strain sensor system for use in directed energy weapon experiments. Luna will leverage its experience with high temperature sensors and their patented fiber-optic based sensor systems to complete this research. A novel system will be based on proven fiber optic sensor technology, and will combine independent strain and temperature measurements in multi-parameter transducers. Sensors will be multiplexed to provide a distributed sensing system capable of making temperature and strain field measurements near the point of beam impingement. Fiber optic sensors are immune to electromagnetic interference, making them an ideal technology for advance energy weapon research. Luna's previous work in high temperature sensors for gas turbine applications has attracted the attention of several aerospace and aerospace sensor leaders who have agreed to test related high temperature sensors. By closely collaborating with these industry principals, Luna's technology will quickly transition from the laboratory to the market place, and will be engineered to meet specific industry needs. In addition to target failure analysis, the high temperature strain and temperature sensors developed here will find wide application in gas turbine, industrial, and structural monitoring systems. ú Commercial and military aircraft propulsion industry ú Turbine engine power generation industry ú Marine gas turbine industry ú Automotive industry ú Industrial processes ú Civil structural monitoring |
| SECOTEC, INC.
4935 CENTURY ST., STE 201 HUNTSVILLE, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 722-0000
Mr. David A. Kalin AF 02-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: | NO-Contact Damage and Optical Witnessing Network |
| Abstract: | A low cost, lightweight, optical network for target damage indication in flight with an optical monitoring array of wide and narrow FOV optical detectors built into a thin ring mounted on the rear of the vehicle. By alternating the FOV sensors, impact locations on the target can be monitored on the vehicle for both roll and distance. The optical monitoring will be non-contact and will look for in-band changes in the sensor field of view (HEL or KE damage). This system can monitor the location and time of impact as well as function as a pyrometer to determine the temperature and extent of the impact. A breakwire system can also be used to augment damage. Advanced capability to score GBL and SBL system. High temperature material processing will also be benefitted |
| ATEC, INC.
387 Technology Drive College Park, MD 20742 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 403-1744
Dr. John Lawler AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Heat Flux Sensor With Minimized Impact On Boundary Conditions |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a heat flux sensor that can be used to estimate the temperature and heat flux on the far side of a wall as a function of time. The configuration of the sensor is specifically designed to minimize the sensor's impact on the temperature and heat flux boundary conditions on the sensor's side of the wall, while allowing for both the capability of measuring very high heat fluxes and a high frequency response. Our sensor will employ components and techniques that are currently being used to study time-resolved (15 kHz) and spatially-resolved (0.3 mm) localized heat transfer rates under a vapor bubble during boiling. Our heat flux sensor will allow the measurement of the heat flux on the far side of a wall. This type of device would improve the development and testing of lasers, explosives, or chemical reactions, since our sensor will provide more accurate knowledge of the processes occurring at the interior containment wall of the testing apparatus. |
| JONA GROUP LTD.
140 Marine Street Farmingdale, NY 11735 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(631) 420-1271
Ronald Rothchild AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | New Thermal Sensors for Use with Inverse Heat Conduction Problems |
| Abstract: | Transient and high intensity heat transfer events are difficult to characterize by conventional means. Temperature is inherently an integral so precise information about the transfer process is lost by averaging. A temperature measurement can be differentiated, but then small errors due to noise and limited resolution are exaggerated. Moreover, high intensity transients can lead to temperatures that are destructively high for conventional sensors. To accurately characterize transients, an instrument is needed that can directly measure heat flux, or the rate of change of temperature dT/dt, over a broad temperature range. Jona proposes to address this need with a combination of calibrated intermediates with isolated elements, and dynamic range compression. Internal heat transfer will attenuate potentially destructive temperature peaks, while range compression enhances resolution and linearity. Objectives of Phase I are: 1. Survey potential instrument applications and develop a classification to minimize the required variations. 2. Develop conceptual designs for both heat flux and dT/dt measurements, and determine structural and dynamic requirements. 3. Develop means to compensate for actual temperature when measuring dT/dt. 4. Confirm critical mechanisms empirically and demonstrate direct rate measurement. 5. Prepare a preliminary design for prototypes to be built in Phase II The proposed instrument will permit accurate measurement of rapid thermal events, minimizing or avoiding the attenuation and averaging effects of intervening structure, even in locations with difficult access and destructively high temperatures. |
| METSYS CORPORATION
2014 Millwood Road Millwood, VA 22646 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 837-2186
Mr. Daniel R. Flynn AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | New Thermal Sensors for Use with Inverse Heat Conduction Problems |
| Abstract: | Inverse heat conduction involves the application of diffusion theory for estimating unknown boundary conditions, energy generation, rates, or thermophysical properties from measured temperatures or heat fluxes at other locations. Inverse problems are said to be ill-posed in that small errors in the data can produce randomly large variations in the prediction. It has recently been shown that the available of reliable measurements of the rate of change of temperature or heat flux with time can, in conjunction with temperature or heat flux data, provide much more reliable predictions than those obtained using the latter data alone. Unfortunately, there are no reliable sensors available for direct measurement of the rate of change of temperature or heat flux. It is proposed to develop such sensor designs, model their performance, develop simulation tools and error analyses, identify fabrication technologies, and develop plans for verification of sensor performance The sensors to be developed will be of critical importance in experimental investigations of heat conduction problems where the data must be analyzed by inverse heat conduction techniques, such as predicting what energy inputs at an inaccessible surface produced a measured response at an accessible surface. Examples include a structure subjected to a directed energy beam, surface conditions in the interior of a rocket or jet engine, or structures subjected to fire or explosion. Such sensors also can be used in fire detection systems. |
| MICROWAVE BONDING INSTRUMENTS
2400 N. Lincoln Ave. Altadena, CA 91001 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 296-6480
Dr. John Mai AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Microwave Bonded Heat-flux Sensor Array for High Temperature Applications. (Topic: New Thermal Sensors for Use with Inverse Heat Conduction Problems) |
| Abstract: | Starting with a proven high-sensitivity, high-density, micro-mechanical electrical system (MEMS) temperature-sensor array design, we propose to make appropriate material substitutions to create a thermal sensor capable of operating in hostile environments, such as at high temperatures, underwater, and in a vacuum. We will then use our patented microwave bonding processing technology to stack these temperature arrays to create robust, low cost, heat flux sensor arrays compatible with flush mounting in thin material substrates. Microwave Bonding Instruments, Inc., was founded to commercialize microwave silicon wafer bonding technology developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, California). The Company's mission is to become the leading provider of IC, MEMS, and MOEMS assembling equipment for advanced hybrid device applications. MBI is positioning its equipment in the current $2.4 billion die level interconnect equipment niche. Expertise gained from this project will assist MBI in packaging of other MEMS devices for telecommunications and MEMS fluidic devices valued together at up to $3 billion in 2001. |
| REDWOOD SCIENTIFIC, INC.
1005 Terra Nova Blvd. Pacifica, CA 94044 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 738-8083
Dr. John L. Lawless AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Heating-Rate Sensor for Use with Inverse Heat Conduction Problems |
| Abstract: | A new and novel sensor is proposed for measuring temperature and heating rate (dT/dt) in hostile environments. The sensor is optical and allows heating rates to be measured remotely. A small button of sensor material is placed on the target. Light emitted from the button is collected by optics and (optionally) directed in a fiber optic to deliver the light to a photodetector. The photodetector can be positioned remotely. This system can measure hearing rates (and temperatures) in materials subjected to rapid heating even in hostile environments. This is important for Air Force directed energy studies investigating material response to directed energy. It will also be useful in applications of commercial interest such as steel manufacture. High quality steel requires accurate control of temperatures during processing. Our sensor would replace current methods to measure steel temperature which fail in the hot and hostile environment of a steel plant. |
| G A TYLER ASSOC. INC. DBA THE OPTICAL SCIENCES CO.
1341 South Sunkist Street Anaheim, CA 92806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 772-7668
Dr. Terry Brennan AF 02-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active Target Tracking through Deep Atmospheric Turbulence |
| Abstract: | Conventional tracking schemes have reached their performance limit for systems such as the Airborne Laser operating in deep turbulence environments. The next generation of high precision tracking systems must exploit all information available to produce the desired track correction. A study of tracking from an integrated sensor perspective is proposed. This will include, but not be limited to, the use of wavefront sensor measurements to enhance the track estimate. A methodology will be developed which will lead to the assessment of tracking performance limits as a function of system parameters such as the Rytov number. Tracking concepts developed in this effort will be evaluated in detail with wave-optics simulations. A successful completion of this study of active tracking in deep turbulence will advance the state of beam control technology for systems experiencing tracking degradation due to high scintillation. This means extending the effective range of operation for weapons systems such as the Airborne Laser system. The concepts developed here will also have application to ground based laser systems and long range laser communication systems |
| TEMPEST TECHNOLOGIES LLC
Suite 208, 8929 South Sepulveda Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90045 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 216-1677
Dr. Yun Wang AF 02-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active Target Tracking through Deep Atmospheric Turbulence |
| Abstract: | In this proposal we consider the development of statistical image processing and filtering techniques for optical tracking in systems such as the AirBorne Laser (ABL) tactical missile defense system. Based on a combination of stochastic modeling for non-uniform illumination patterns with nonlinear Bayesian filtering, our methods promise to provide greatly enhanced tracking and pointing. Scintillation, the turbulence-induced fluctuation of image intensities, is widely regarded as a major problem for tracking and adaptive optics. The methods we propose herein provide the potential to mitigate significantly the effects of scintillation, thus enhancing system performance. Our estimation techniques are also relevant to problems of anisoplanatism that are of crucial importance in extended range ABL system design. Also included in this effort are the study of data fusion from wavefront sensors and pupil plane imagery and development of robust control designs for pointing. Collaborating with scientists and engineers at Georgia Tech, Trex Enterprises, and AFRL, we will use wave propagation simulations data and data collected in tests at Lincoln Laboratory's ACL facility to score the performance of these algorithms. Our partnership with Trex Enterprises, a leading developer of optical tracking hardware, will allow us to leverage the results obtained in this effort into hardware systems in a most efficient and cost-effective manner. Potential commercial applications will be of a military nature, as the effort proposed herein is heavily focused toward advancing ABL system capabilities. Other optical tracking and imaging systems will benefit, however, from improvements derived from this research. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS INCORPORATED
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4270
Dr. Daniela Marciu Topasna AF 02-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Transparent Ionically Self-Assembled Thin Films for Contamination |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop improved, cost effective coatings for high-energy laser mirrors and windows that repel contamination based on transparent, highly efficient, and durable ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) films. The proposed program involves 1) demonstration of the underlying principle using aqueous ISAM chemistry and 2) build and test a prototype coating based on the new technology. This revolutionary method of creating multifunctional thin-films monolayer by monolayer has been proven to yield self-assembled, homogeneous thin films that can be deposited on any size and shape substrates, as well as on transparent flexible substrates. The ISAM technique allows for precise structural and thickness control at the nanometer level as well as for fabrication of thick multi-layer films. Luna Innovations has previously shown that the ISAM technique can be used to fabricate multifunctional thin-films monolayer by monolayer that are optically, electronically and photonically- active. The ISAM thin films offer additional major advantages of excellent homogeneity for low scattering loss, high thermal and chemical stability, and low-cost. The development of the organic thin film coatings will benefit the laser industry for contamination control of laser windows and mirrors. Coatings that repel contamination fabricated from ISAM thin films have a variety of military and commercial applications such as laser systems, various optical systems, telescopes, and window coatings for buildings. |
| METASTABLE INSTRUMENTS, INC.
5988 Mid Rivers Mall Drive, Suite 236 St. Charles, MO 63304 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(636) 447-9555
Dr. George Dube AF 02-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Develop Coatings that Repel Contamination |
| Abstract: | Attenuated total internal reflection couples light from the inside of a transparent optical material into an absorbing contaminant contacting the polished surface of that material. If that contaminant is strongly absorbing and the angle of incidence is optimized, more than 80% of the light is absorbed by the contaminant. At a certain mid infrared wavelength, water has very strong absorption, resulting in an absorption depth of less than one micrometer. We propose using pulsed mid infrared laser light absorbed by attenuated total internal reflection to remove water, ice, particles and other contaminants from the polished surfaces of optical elements, such as laser mirrors, windows and domes. Parasitic oscillations (total internal reflections) will losslessly trap the light within the material until it illuminates a contaminated area, at which time attenuated total internal reflection will transfer some of the light into the contaminant, thus heating and removing that contaminant. Internally reflected laser light may also be used to detect the presence of surface contaminants. For substrates not transparent at the mid infrared wavelength and in some other cases, the addition of a simple cover plate or coating may optimize the attenuation of the internal reflection and the contaminant removal process. Clean and dry polished surfaces are crucial for the successful operation of high power lasers, low scatter photographic/optical/lithographic devices and submicron semiconductor components. This space-qualifiable cleaning technique consumes no fluids or materials, works equally well on entrance and exit surfaces, does not increase the IR signature of the host platform and is capable of both detecting and removing water, ice, frost, dew, particles and other contaminants. |
| PVD PRODUCTS, INC.
231 Andover Street Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9455
Mr. Larry Stelmack AF 02-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rugged Packaging of Laser Optics |
| Abstract: | The program will emphasize contamination control and the testing of candidate protective, low-maintenance coatings for high-energy laser optics. |