AF - 444 Phase I Selections from the 98.1 Solicitation

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444 Phase I Selections from the 98.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

BARRON ASSOC., INC. 1160 Pepsi Place Chrlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(804) 973-1215 David G. Ward AF 98-001
Title:	Tactile Cueing for PIO Avoidance in Manned and Unmanner Air Vehicles
Abstract:	Flight test experience shows that for highly-agile controllers, pilots who do not "self olimit" their commands are likely to encounter pilot-induced oscillations (PIOs) due to actuator rate limits and other system lags. The problem is further exacerbated in remotely-piloted vehicles where pilots lack the physical cues that assist in self-limiting. Recent research has developed techniques for anticipating and avoiding actuator saturation by limiting pilot commands. While automated command-limiting prevents multivariable integrator windup, it does not change the response perceived by the pilot and may not eliminate PIO. Recent piloted-simulation experiments conducted by the U.S. Army and BAI in the Verticle Motion Simulator at NASA Ames Laboratory, demonstrated that the combination of a computational means for anticipating limits and tactile pilot cueing via stick-force feedback or stick shaking resulted in pilots being able to accomplish difficult maneuvers more aggressively, with less pilot workload, and less time spent operating at limit conditions. In the proposed Phase I SBIR program, BAI shall investigate the extent to which automatically-computed command limits can be fed back to the pilot via force-reflecting input devices for the mitigation of saturation-induced PIO for both piloted and remotely-piloted vehicles.

BIODYNAMIC RESEARCH CORP. 9901 IH 10 West San Antonio, TX 78230
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 692-0281 John B. Bomar, Jr, PhD AF 98-001
Title:	A Computer Model for Lung Pressure Transient Prediction
Abstract:	Biodynamic Research Corp (BRC) proposes to conduct a research study aimed at measuring and modeling dynamic gas flows and pressures in the human lung in response to rapid decompression. The program would produce new research on flow-pressure response (impedance) of the human lung to dynamic overpressure at ground level and altitude, both with and without imposed breathing resistance; attempt to estimate the human tolerance to dynamic overpressure and relate it to the design of the oxygen system so that the design ensures aircrew safety during inadvertent sudden aircraft decompression; and provide comprehensive fluid dynamic models of modern tactile aircraft breathing systems during normal operation and during rapid decompression. Phase I would establish the feasibility of the experimental program, its theoretical basis, and create a prototype computer model. The Phase II research would collect the data necessary to create a valid computer simulation of lung pressures and flows during rapid decompression. The ultimate goal of the project would be to create a computer simulation of the lung and various breathing systems, which could guide design choices to ensure aircrew safety and survivability in high-altitude aircraft flight where rapid decompression is a risk.

DAKOTA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 2201-A 12th Street N. Fargo, ND 58102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(701) 237-4908 Gregory Gillispie AF 98-001
Title:	Real-Time Fuel Leak Detector
Abstract:	During Phase I Dakota Technologies, Inc. (DTI) will demonstrate a fuel leak detection system that is vastly superior to the costly, manpower-intensive techniques currently used in repair, overhaul, and production facilities. The technique uses resonance enhabced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy to test the airspace outside the tank for the presence of certain hydrocarbon constituents of all common fuels; thus, it is not necessary to add tracers to the tank, remove its contents, or otherwise change conditions in order to test for leaks. Owing to the method's extremely high sensitivity, it can easily pinpoint leaks which are so small that only vapor is escaping. The real-time response and very high spatial resolution will enable leaks to be detected in a matter of seconds. The extremely high commercial potential is enhanced by numerous spin-off applications for pipeline leak detection, environmental monitoring, and occupational health/indoor air quality assessments. DTI and North Dakota State University have already published several papers resulting from our collaborative reasearch on leak detection. We therefore propose to build an engineering prototype and demonstrate it at an actual aircraft maintenance facility in Phase I, thereby moving well beyond the goal stated in the solicitation of demonstrating the technology on fuel cell test cubes or small scale tanks in Phase II.

GENEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 10605 Concord Street Kensington, MD 20895
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 962-6565 Z. Jason Geng AF 98-001
Title:	A High Resolution Volumetric 3D Display Systemfor Pilot Training
Abstract:	Flight trajectories of airplanes are three dimensional in nature. Conventional displays used in pilot training facilities can only show two-dimensional sections of the trajectory. This makes the learning of spatial awareness a very difficult problem in pilot training because the operator must mentally visualize a 3D environment by reading and interpreting 2D displays. Furthermore, when the display does not show the third spatial dimension as readily apparent as the other two, pilots tend to solve conflict avoidance problems in the displayed two directions more often than in the three dimensions. For conflict resolution, this implies that a 2D display based training may bias pilots' solution to planar maneuvers. A high resolution true volumetric 3D display device would literally (and figuratively) add a new dimension to the pilot training, advanced human/computer interface, flight trajectory visualization and many other applications in the AF. The volumetric 3D display capability reduces the workload on both pilots and air traffic controllers, resulting in faster recognition and improved situational awareness. This can improve safety and efficiency. The 3D spatial relationship is natural and intuitive, more easily seen and more quickly identified, allowing pilots to make more efficient decisions, to be able to identify conflicts more quickly. The primary objective of this Phase I SBIR program is to investigate the feasibility of a novel volumetric 3D display concept that can provide true 3D, full-color, authosterographic and high spatial resolution 3D images that can be viewed by multiple viewers without using any eyeweat. The second objective of this effort is to develop strategies of synergistically integrating the volumetric 3D display in AF pilot training systems and other 3D visualization systems.

IMPACT MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES 875 D Airport Road Monterey, CA 93940
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 626-1296 Shreve M. Archer MD AF 98-001
Title:	Low Lift, Lightweight, Low Cost Aviator Helmet
Abstract:	Design and build a lightweight comfortable helmet that does not produce high lift loads that are transmitted to the neck upon high speed ejection. Such helmet must remain on the head when exposed to the windblast and high G forces so as to provide good impact protection to the aviator's head. To be useable in jet aircraft, the helmet must be capable of using the current visor, mask, earcup, COMBAT EDGE equipment and it must be able to mount night vision goggles and the planned JOINT HELMET MOUNTED CUEING SYSTEM (JHMCS). The helmet should be comfortable to wear; it should not produce 'hot spots' and should allow for ventilation. The helmet should not slip or move about the head during aircraft maneuvering, high G forces, or with fast movements of the head.

LASER POWER CORP. 12777 High Bluff Drive San Diego, CA 92130
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 755-0700 Robert A. Bergstedt AF 98-001
Title:	Microlaser Illumination for Helmet Mounted Displays
Abstract:	Helmet and Head Mounted Displays (HMD) offer pilots a significant advantage in warfighting capability. Howver, displays to date have been limited in brightness, resolution, and chromaticity. Recent developments with AMLCD technology, based upon subtractive color promise high brightness, high resolution, and full color HMD's, suitable for operational environments. Laser Power Corporation has identified red, green and blue microlasers as ideal illumination sources for the HMD. Microlasers offer several advantages over are lamps as the illumination source, related to9 the spectral purity of the laser light and the near diffraction limited beam which makes the lasers will suited for use as a light source with LCD's. Therefore, LPC is proposing the development of red and green lasers coupled with the fiber optic delivery bundle. During Phase I, LPC will develop the laser configuration and demonstrate key technologies. This will lead to a design for an integrated laser illumination system which will be delivered as part of the Phase II program. This package will then be ready for full-scale engineering and MIL qualification, leading to production of a rugged microlaser system.

LME, INC. P.O. Box 6637 Annapolis, MD 21401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(704) 687-1658 Walter R. Peck AF 98-001
Title:	High Energy Absorbing Troop Seat Study
Abstract:	During a crash of a troop-carrying fixed wing aircraft or helicopter the troop seats have been designed to withstand the specification force levels without regard for any protection of the seat occupant's spine. A recent troop seat redesign program has resulted in a seat design that provides some increased energy absorption in the vertical (spinal) direction. This proposed Phase I study will investigate the feasibility of having energy absorption provided by appropriate rip stitching of Dacron and/or Kevlar materials. A major problem to be solved is the provision of appropriate energy absorption for both the twenty-four inch seat spacing for equipped paratroopers and the twenty inch seat spacing for troops/passengers. The proposed six month effort is divided into nine tasks as follows. 1) Fabric requirements definition. 2) Development of force versus distance for the EA stroke. 3) Spreader Bar redesign/placement. 4) Front Tube redesign. 5) Front Leg redesign. 6) Seat Back redesign. 7) Seat Bottom fabric energy absorption design. 8) Sample seat assembly 9) Documentation and reporting.

LME, INC. P.O. Box 6637 Annapolis, MD 21401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(704) 687-1658 Walter R. Peck AF 98-001
Title:	Study of the Spinal Preloading Piston for the CKU-5/A Rocket Catapult
Abstract:	Small, light weight, female pilots have been introduced into the AF and Navy pilot population in recent years. The increased spinal loading of light weight ejectees during the catapult stroke, with its attendant increased probability of spinal injusy, that occurs in an ejection is well known. It has also been shown that any upward acceleration of the aircraft during an ejection can appreciably increased the spinal loading with a drastic increase in the probability of spinal injury. Recent studies have shown that a separate short stroke piston that provides preloading of the spine can result in a much reduced spinal loading with some increase in the catapult separation velocity. This proposal is for an eight month study of the possible application of such a spinal preloading piston to the CKU-5/A rocket catapult used in the ACES-II open ejection seat escape system. This study is believed to be critical importance to all AF pilots, and especially to the light weight female pilots, who will be ejecting with the ACES-II ejection seat for many more years into the future.

MONOPOLE RESEARCH 739 Calle Sequoia Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 375-0318 Thomas Jaorszewica AF 98-001
Title:	Fast & Accrate Software for Sim of Electromagnetic Radation Effects in Biological Media
Abstract: Abstract not available...

REYNOLD'S INDUSTRIES, INC. 5005 McConnell Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90066
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 823-5491 Tom Clark AF 98-001
Title:	An Integrated Sensor Approach to Helmet Position and Orientation Measurement
Abstract:	We propose to develop a helmet tracker, based on the use of two sensor technologies. The first of these will be an Ultra-sonic Helmet Position Sensor. This device will procide the data needed to determine the position of the pilot's helmet within the crew station. The second portion of the tracker system will involve the use of a Micro Inertial Measurement Unit. This device will provide the orientation and line of sight data source for the helmet tracker. These technologies will be combined to manufacture a truly miniature helmet mounted tracker, that is immune to the problems associated with the present magnetic devices. Full mechanical sensor and electricalcircuit design in addition to mechanical structure prototypes will verify feasibility. The objectives of the first phase will be to determine the number and type of transducers required, the electronic interface requirements and to demonstrate the feasibility of the system by prototyping a bench top system.

ADROIT SYSTEMS, INC. 209 Madison Street Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 698-8900 Glenn J. Larsen AF 98-002
Title:	Intelligent Tutor Development for Information Operations
Abstract:	Adroit Systems Inc. (ASI), in association with Klein Associates Inc., proposes to develop an Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction (ICAI) training system for information operations personnel to maximize mission effectiveness and achieve Information Superiority. Training objectives will focus on Crew Resource Management (CRM) principles. Those principles necessitate a comprehensive system tailored to organization-specific mission requirements enabling optimum indivudual and crew performance. Consequently, the training must be interactive and based on "real-world" conditions. Joint Vision 2010 identifies Information Superiority as a keystone requirement underpinning four operational concepts: Precision Engagement, Dominant Maneuver, Focused Logistics, and Full Dimensional Protection. The outcome is Full Spectrum Dominance. Given the revolutionary development in information technologies, the side that effectively exploits these assets will gain tremendous competitive advantage. The innovative utilization and training of personnel who employ these technologies will promote synergy and performance at their maximum potential. The objective of Phase I is to identify methods and objectives for simulation-based ICAI teaching CRM skills to personnel operating in the information superirotiy arena, and provide a sample block of instruction. Phase II will develop a prototype simulation-based, ICAI training system for personnel performing a specific information superority mission, as well as a plan for evaluating its training effectiveness.

CHA CORP. 372 W. Lyon Street Laramie, WY 82072
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(307) 742-2829 Chang Yul Cha AF 98-003
Title:	Microwave New Emission Control Technology for Hydrazine Fuels
Abstract:	The proposed program has the potential to completely eliminate water-borne hydrazine using a new and novel approach. Currently, wet air oxidation is the most popular method used. This novel approach uses 2450 MHz microwave energy to decompose hydrazine and related compounds in a water solution. We have discovered that microwave energy couples directly to hydrazine in water solution resulting in complete selective decomposition of the hydrazine to harmless hydrogen and nitrogen. This direct decomposition takes place at ambient conditions, thereby significantly reducing the capital and operating costs. The CHA process can be added onto existing water scrubbers and produces no additional waste material. The process is based on the use of carbon adsorbents to capture both the contaminants from the water phase and microwave energy. The hydrogen product is oxidized to water before being vented to he air. In Phase I of the proposed approach, the CHA Corporation will demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of the process. Phase II will be devoted to developing and implementing the proposed approach. We will design and construct a full scale operational prototype and will demonstrate the effectiveness of the process with Hydrazine, Mono-methyl Hydrazine, and Unsymmetrical Di-Methyl Hydrazine.

AMERICAN RESEARCH CORP. OF VA 1509 Fourth Street Radford, VA 24143
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 731-0655 Mr. Howard Groger AF 98-004
Title:	Aqueous Non-Chromate Conversion Coatings for Aluminum Alloys
Abstract:	Chromate conversion coatings are presently applied to military aircraft to increase the operational life of structural components fabricated from aluminum alloys. Coasts of applying these coatings have increased with increasing concerns about the health and environmental effects of hexavalent chromium. American Research Corporation of Virginia has worked to extend a trivalent chromium conversion coating (tccc) process to approach the corrosion resistance imparted by chromate conversion coatings without the health and environmental effects of hexavalent chromium. Optimal compositions of the tccc were found to be more effective in protecting 7000 series aluminum alloys that 2000 series and performed better when immersion coated that spray coated. To develop coatings more suited to Air Force needs, this proposal suggests the use of solid-solution film-forming compounds to modify tccc solutions to provide large area protection for series 2000 aluminum alloys. This program is innovative in combining film-forming materials known to achieve high levels of aluminum alloy protection with a proven tccc approach. Phase I Technical Objectives include a evaluation of solid-solution film-forming thin films, acquisition of families of test data, and optimization of coating compositions in preparation for the Phase II proof-of-concept system.

F&S, INC. PO Box 11704 Blacksburg, VA 24062
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-4267 Michael Miller AF 98-004
Title:	Multi-Layer Thin-Film Coatings for Aluminum Alloy Components
Abstract:	F&S Inc. proposes to develop advanced electrostatically self-assembled, multi-layer mixed media thin-film coatings to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy components and other material systems. To produce such corrosion resistive coatings, we will fabricate high performance polymers and inorganic oxide particles using unique chemical processing techniques, and then form them into thick multi-layer thin-film coatings. F&S and their two subcontractors have demonstrated both of these methods through prior research programs. Judicious selection of inorganic oxide and noble metal particle species, precise control of particle size and orientation, and multi-layer formation allows graded tailoring of the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the coated surface. The proposed self-assembly process allows the rapid multi-layer thick-film build-up to thousands of individual layers and micros of total thickness at room temperature and pressure, and totally avoids use of volatile organic compounds. During the Phase I program, F & S will design coating properties, select nanoparticles, self-assemble designed coatings, and evaluate properties with respect to design goals. Litton and Virginia Tech will assist with corrosion test article evaluation and analysis of production upscaling methods. Commercialization cost-sharing by F&S is pledged.

DEPOSITION RESEARCH LAB 530 Little Hills Blvd St. Charles, MO 63301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(573) 341-4986 Paul Ki-Souk Nam AF 98-005
Title:	Chemical Chara and Monitoring System (PMCMS)
Abstract:	This proposal describes Phase I of a research and development program to develop and commercialize a compact, affordable Particulate Matter on-line, Real-time, Physical and Chemical Characterization and Monitoring System (PMCMS), that will quickly and accurately analyze the chemical constituents and size distribution of particulate emissions from Air Force Operations. The PMCMS will provide size related chemical speciation for all particulates within the size range 0.003 - 30 microns with a 1Hz sample rate, a particulate sensitivity of 0.1 particle/cc for particle diameters > 0.003 micron, and a chemical sensitivity >ppb. The spacial resolution is 3 dimensional and >0.02m. The proposed objectives for Phase I are: the laboratory-based coupling of a mass-spectrometric chemical composition function to a state of the art particulate characterization system; the performance assessment of the laboratory-based PMCMS with respect to sample rate. Specificity, spacial resolution and sensitivity; a comparison of the laboratory-based system with data gathered by current practices; the development of a conceptual design of a field deployable commercialized version of the PMCMS; a field demonstration with an engineering model and the presentation of a technical report describing the Phase I activities and including plans for continued experimental development in Phase II.

APPLIED ORDNANCE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 103 Paul Mellon Court Waldorf, MO 20602
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 843-4045 Robert Thompson AF 98-006
Title:	ADVANCED ROCKET PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract:	Satellite builders indicate that electric propulsion for stationkeeping and orbit transfer is needed. An unprecedented demand is expected for low power thruster modules, with emphasis placed on low mass, high power density, compactness, power expandability, and reduced cost for system components. The work in this proposal will demonstrate the feasibility of an ultra-compact, high power density, and low cost PPU for the100w class HET, with built-in expandability for a broad power range. SPI proposes a modular concept, employing high power density DC-to-DC converters, which will allow for miniature PPU construction featuring redundancy, expandability and short time-to-market. A radiation hard space qualified high power density DC-to-DC converter is needed for this approach. Existing suppliers of DC-to-DC converters do not produce this type of converter, but Spacer Power Inc. is developing a space qualified, module based on a commercial version. During Phase I, Space Power Inc. will design, build, and quality a breadboard PPU for low power HETs. The Discharge Power Supply mass is anticipated to be less than 400 grams with 2N redundancy and the mass of the PPU system will be assessed by the operational modes of the thruster, which will be determined in the course of the work. A Development and Validation Plan to build and qualify an Engineering Model PPU into Phase II will be defined in Phase I

ELTRON RESERACH, INC. 5660 Airport Blvd Boulder, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 440-8008 Shane Roark AF 98-006
Title:	Heterogeneous Catalysts for Near-Ambient Temp Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds
Abstract:	The objective of this program is to develop a heterogeneous catalyst for the destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low concentrations and near-ambient temperatures, under oxygen-rich conditions. The catalyst will be Pt and/or Pd supported on a multi-component metal oxide based on the Ce1-xZrXO2 defect-fluorite structure, where 0 < x < 1. At low dopant concentrations, it is expected that the flourite structure will be sustained. However, at high dopant concentrations, it is likely that the structure will be perovskite-type metal oxide with the general structure (A1-xA"x)1-y(B1-xB'x)yO2-x, where A = Ce or Zr; A'=Gd, La, Sc or Sr;B = Cu, Ag or Au; B' = Mn, Fe or Co;0

NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP. 2849 East Elvira Rd Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 294-7115 Jim Dong AF 98-006
Title:	Nanostructual Photocatalyst for VOC Mineralization
Abstract:	Air pollution by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been a major environmental problem. Existing technologies for the control of VOC emission, such as thermal catalytic conversion, incineration and adsorption suffer from high energy cost and secondary pollution. An innovative nano-structured photocatalyst is proposed for the destruction/mineralization of VOCs in air at standard temperature and pressure. The nano-structured photocatalyst is anticipated to be highly efficient and flexible to a variety effluent conditions.

MCNAMEE, PORTER & SEELEY, INC. 3131 S. State Street Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 665-6000 Erik Petroskis AF 98-007
Title:	Test Methods to Determine the Presence of Halorespring Subsuface Bacteria
Abstract:	Chlorinated solvents, such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are common ground water pollutants. Natural attenuation or the stimulation of halorespiring microorganisms are potentially the most promising and cost-effective technologies for remediating sites contaminated with chlorinated compounds. Central to the successful implementation of these bioremediation technologies is the determination of the presence of halorespiring organisms at the site and of the extent of dechlorination. Halo-respiration is an energy-producing metabolic process and is characterized by (i) high dechlorination rates. (ii) fe values in the range of 0.6-0.7, (iii) hydrogen threshold values below 0.5ppmv. This process is carried out by several diverse groups of bacteria and stimulated by different substrates. Hence, measures of the process , and not of organisms or genera, are currently the only approaches that reliably measure halorespiration. Our primary approach, therefore, is to determine these parameters to establish the presence and activity of halorespriring organisms. These measurements can be performed in microcosms containing solids, and a time consuming enrichment procedure for halorespiring organisms is not required. The research is aimed towards the development of a protocol with general applicability for the evaluation of sediment and aquifer materials for the presence of halorespiring organisms. In addition to the evaluation for the intrinsic bioremediation potential of a certain site, this protocol will also provide valuable information about possible biostimulation strategies.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. P.O. Box 3073 Princeton, NJ 08543
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 734-9282 Alexander H. Boschitsch AF 98-008
Title:	Sonic Boom Penetration Modeling Via Computational Aeroacoustics
Abstract:	Continuum Dynamics, Inc. (CDI) proposes to develop an advanced modeling capability to assess the environmental impact of sonic boom penetration and its effect upon marine mammals. The approach will utilize Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) numerical techniques which allow the generation and propagation of sound to be directly calculated from the fundamental governing equations. The proposed effort will be the first use of such techniques in water and will include bubble entrainment and choppy ocean effects. The surface of the ocean will be modeled as a stochastic process with spatial and temporal correlations which can be prescribed at will, a major improvement over previous deterministic studies of sonic boom penetration. Any sonic boom shape may be imposed as a time-dependent boundary condition on any realization of this randomly described surface. The resulting pressure pulse propagating into the ocean will then be calculated by CAA techniques from the governing Euler equations with due account for body forces (e.g. gravity) and bubble entrainment effects. The numerical results can be displayed either as instantaneous ("snapshot") pressure contours within the ocean or as the time dependent pressure time history at specified observer locations to facilitate assessment of the environmental impact of aircraft or missile operations

MARINE ACOUSTICS, INC. Marine Acoustics, Inc. Middletown, RI 02842
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 848-2995 William T. Ellison AF 98-008
Title:	Advanced Analytic Sonic Boom Underwater Propagation Analysis
Abstract:	Federal regulations require that USAF supersonic, subsonic and launch vehicle flight operations be assessed as to possible effects to the near-shore environment. Current modeling capability for this topic is lacking in key areas: reliability of results, environmental assessment requirements, field validation, biological nature of the receiver, and accounting for the key interface boundary conditions that must be satisfied for realistic results. Marine Acoustics, Inc. teamed with Cambridge Acoustical Associates, Inc. proposes a major review of the current state of sonic boom penetration models for realistic ocean environments, and the development of a test plan for experimental verification of the recommended analytic approach. Current analytical models and predictions of subsea sonic boom penetration will be reviewed with a focus on their underlying assumptions and functional dependence on physical parameters. This review will include the supporting database. Subsequent to this review, test requirements for measuring airborne sonic boom penetration into subsurface ocean waters as a function of depth, environmental acoustic parameters and underwater boundary (surface, bottom and volume) conditions will be established. A state-of-the-art review of required instrumentation to meet the requirements will be completed, and a comprehensive test plan for execution under Phase II will be developed.

DELLA ENTERPRISES, INC. 3425 North County Road 3 Loveland, CO 80538
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(970) 686-6898 Dr. Chris Wieland AF 98-009
Title:	PLIN-A Programmable Laboratory Incubator
Abstract:	Della Enterprises, Inc. will develop a programmable laboratory incubator or PLIN which is capable of autonomously carrying out complex in-vitro cell culture studies. This incubator design supports the following innovations: 1) vastly increased capabilities for tissue plate storage due to a compact method of storage and retrieval, 2) automated access to multiple stock solutions and dosing sources, 3) the ability to add or dispose of fluids to/from cellular cultures, 4) the ability to add or remove new supplies like tiuuse culture plates and pipettes without interrupting ongoing experiments, 5) automated monitoring of cellular status and integration of this information into the protocol, 6) the ability to run complete experiments, or large portions of them in a completely enclosed and aseptic environment, 7) an intuitive graphical user interface that allows simple construction of complete assays and 8) 3D simulation of all operations to confirm proper programming of experimental procedures.

USABILITY, INC. 625 Utica Ave Boulder, CO 80304
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 499-3664 Darrell Laham AF 98-010
Title:	Intelligent Agent for Matching Occupations, Personnel and Trng Materials
Abstract:	Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a machine learning method that extracts contextual meaning similarities among words and passages by analysis of large bodies of natural text. We will test the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating LSA into a web-based search agent that can compare the conceptual content of: (a) textual training materials, (b) descriptions of personnel competency requirements, (c) descriptions of civilian occupations, (d) descriptions of individual training, experience, or test performance. The experimental system will provide platform-independent access to a multimodal web-pager interface for entering descriptions and displaying relevance ranked results. As proofs-of-concept, we will use the agent to: (a) identify and rank the whole and each paragraph of principal textual materials for at least 30 AF courses according to the relevance of their content to the competencies required by a selected military system, and (b) produce a ranked list of the conceptual similarity of each of at least 30 AF occupations to the 20 most similar civilian occupations described in the Department of Labor Occupational Network. We will assess the validity of the LSA measure in both applications by comparison with judgments by subject matter experts with respect to a sample of cases.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 1660 S. Amphlett Blvd San Mateo, CA 94402
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 655-8242 Richard H. Stottler AF 98-011
Title:	An Intelligent Multi User Simulation Environment (MUSE) for Use over the Internet
Abstract:	In Phase I, SHAI will investgate, design, and implement a prototype of an intelligent Multi User Simulation Environment (MUSE) which operates across the Internet. This MUSE would be used to run tactical scenarios with geographically distributed team players. The most difficult aspect of this problem deals with the need to intelligently control all the tactical platforms in the scenario. We will develop a general schema for military warfare tactics representation and execution in MUSE using Artificial Intelligence (AI), Expert System and graphical techniques to capture the human decision processes. Since the representation and automatic execution of tactics is a complex problem we will take an integrated approach using a variety of paradigms, including tactical diagrams and drawings, transition diagrams, constraint satisfaction, scripts, intelligent entities, case-based reasoning, planning and scheduling, and knowledge-based representations (rules, objects), techniques we have used with much success in previous projects. Foremost, we will devise a general distributed tactical simulation capability which includes intelligent platform control and a representation schema for military tactics. We will devise methods for real-time Internet communication and coordination of the distributed tactical simulation. We will absolutely prove the feasibility of our ideas through the development of a limited, proof-of-concept prototype.

RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. 2875 Towerview Road Herndon, VA 20171
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 904-1808 John Leddo AF 98-012
Title:	Internet-based Distributed Team Performance Assessment Technology
Abstract:	The empasis on measuring team performance and effectiveness is higher than ever before. With declining military budgets and increased requirements, technology offers a cost-effective means of providing timely, accurate, team assessment feedback. The Internet offers world-wide access to this technology. Developing quality distributed Internet-based, team assessment technology requires integration of several technologies: research on team performance, state-of-the-art performance assessment, and Internet-based delivery systems. Research Development Corporation and subcontractor LNK Corporation propose to develop team assessment technology that integrates and enhances existing technologies. These include automated performance assessment technology developed under contract to Armstrong Labs, distributed intelligent tutoring system technology for measuring shared mental models of teams, and Internet delivery technology. The heart of our approach is RDC's validated assessment model that is currently being used by a NJ school district. In Phase I, we will develop a proof-of-concept team assessment tool, deliverable over the Internet, and demonstrate is validity in four test beds. In Phase II we will develop knowledge engineering and assessment authoring tools to allow the AF to develop and validate team performance assessment for domains of its choosing.

PLS INTERNATIONAL 11325 Seven Locks Road Potomac, MD 20854
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 083-8508 Donna Sullivan AF 98-013
Title:	Java Tools for Developing and Delivering Distributed Training Over the Internet
Abstract:	Solutions must be found to reduce the cost of delivering training. A primary cost is the travel expenses to transport, house, and feed students. One potential solution is to deliver adaptive instruction over the Internet. There are many issues facing those who use the Internet to design, develop, and deliver training, ranging from instructional design and security issues to platform compatibility, accessbo;otu. amd aitjpromg tpp;s ossies/ Tje [rppf=pf=cpmce[t tpp;s fpr tjos effprt wo;; omtegrate respirce based ;earmomg. ;pst cpst cp;;abpratopm tecjmoqies. registration and monitoring techniques, computer-managed instruction techniques, the functionality of a simulation/synthetic environment, and the more difficult adaptive functionality to demonstrate the technical feasibility and the pedagogical effectiveness of the Internet as a distributed learning environment. The overall objective is to create a library of Java tools and techniques to enable adaptive, distributed training over the Internet and address some of the issues stated. The key to enhancing learning through the development of new applications via the Internet with measureable ROI is the creation of tools that are intuitive, assist in the creation of asynchronous and synchronous online learning functionality, provide registrar and feedback capabilities, and adapt to the students' inputs. The proposed tools will demonstrate this functionality.

APPLIED HUMAN FACTORS, INC. P.O. Box 781076 San Antonio, TX 78278
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 408-0098 James E. Schroeder AF 98-014
Title:	Instructor's Associate for Rating Aircrew Teamwork
Abstract:	Effective aircrew teamwork is critical for insuring mission success and reducing accidents. There is a requirement for a tool that helps aircrew trainers conduct standardized evaluations of teamwork performance. In the proposed research, a portable Instructor's Associate will be designed and constructed to help standardize the measurement process and provide assistance to the instructor. A variety of optional user interfaces will be available. Speech synthesis can be used to solicit ratings and other input from the instructor. Speech recognition can be used both to control sequencesand store an instructor's prompted and unsolicited comments in a standard database for later analysis. An artificial intelligence component will monitor instructor ratings and provide queries or prompts when unusual patterns are detected. A GUI authoring system will allow intuitive creation and modification of flight or simulator scenarios. In Phase I, an aircrew teamwork scenario will be selected and a task analysis conducted. Functional characteristics of the system will be identified and used to select the hardware and software features. A prototype system will be constructed and demonstrated to show feasibility. The Phase II system will be extended to provide a more generic tool for a variety of military and civilian applications.

INTERSCIENCE AMERICA, INC. 312 East Market Street Leesburg, VA 20176
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 779-8090 Robert W. Swezey AF 98-014
Title:	Instructor's Associate for Rating Teamwork Skills
Abstract:	The proposed effort will develop a prototype of a hand-held, device for use by rates in assessing teamwork skills. The device, termed an Instructor's Associate, will support standardization of instructor ratings of aircrew teamwork skills and behaviors. Current methods for capturing instructor ratings of aircrew performance require either that instructors divert attention from observing on-going behaviors to make ratings on a paper form, or make ratings after completion of a flight or simulation based on recollection. The Instructor's Associate will take advantage of computer technology to develop a hand-held input-output device that is portable and convenient to use. The device will record observations through an interface that facilitates the task of making ratings while minimizing demands on the instructor's attention. The device will function as a passive recording device and as an intelligent associate that uses artificial intelligence technology to support performance rating. This SBIR Phase I effort will result in a prototype hardware interface and software for the Instructor's Associate, as well as the system architecture for a Phase II full-scale development version that incorporates both passive and intelligent modes of data collection.

KLEIN ASSOC., INC. 582 E. Dayton-Yellow Springs R Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 873-8166 Dr. Gary Klein AF 98-014
Title:	Technology and Expertise: A Dual Approach to Aiding Aircrew Instructors
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR project will test the feasibility of developing an Aircrew Assessment and Instruction Tool (AAIT) designed to aid instructors in delivering key elements of aircrew training. In the Phase I project, we propose to: use Cognitive Task Analysis to document the critical assessment, evaluation, and feedback processes of highly skilled instructors; identify key elements of the aircrew instructional process; and explore a range of tools and technologies to support the instructional task. We will develop system recommendations and electronic storyboards that demonstrate interface and data input elements. The storyboards will be produced in an interactive version, to provide a "look and feel" prototype that can be evaluated as a proof-of-concept. We will work with skilled aircrew instructors throughout the project in order to build to the operational Users' needs and goals. The outcome of the Phase I project will be a working prototype version of the AAIT that can be examied and critiqued by potential users. The full-scale AAIT will offer a range of support for observation and data-gathering tasks, evaluation, and feedback delivery. It will also support objective, standardized, real-time evaluation of aircrew skills and performance, by providing a common framework across aircrew instructors.

SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING CORP. PO BOX 162487 Austin, TX 78716
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 306-1100 William R. Taggart AF 98-014
Title:	Instructor's Associate for Rating Teamwork Skills
Abstract:	Systems and Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC) proposes to develop a handheld input-output device that supports objective, standardized real-time instructor rating of aircrew teamwork skills and behaviors. The quality of aircrew teamwork and use of resources has been cited as critical to both aviation safety and mission success. Traditional technical training curriculums have historically emphasized "stick and rudder" skills, and it is these skills that instructors tend to test and evaluate. To rate teamwork skills and behaviors, instructors need a realiable and useful support system that will assist and enable them to collect information on the performance being observed. Paper and pencil methods for collecting this information are seen as cumbersome and not user-friendly. This SBIR proposes the research and development of an intelligent electronic "assistant or associate" to the instructor who is observing a simulation or an actual mission. To accomplish this proposal, observable behaviors and skills will be collected by a handheld device that will prompt the instructor when needed to enter or to record by voice additional information. Data can also be collected and combined with other sources to provide system feedback to improve training effectiveness.

DANIEL H. WAGNER ASSOC. 40 Lloyd Avenue Malvern, PA 19355
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 987-0600 Jeffrey R. Sachs AF 98-015
Title:	Noise-Robust Speech Recognition to Support Maintenance Activities
Abstract:	Recent advances in computer recognition of human speech have made it possible to perform reliable recognition of the content (words) in continuous speech. We propose to use these technological advancements, together with the expertise we have gained from developing a number of reliable, easy to use DOD systems that automatically respond to natural, spoken human commands. These systems reduce required human effort, improve performance, and increase the timeliness of information delivery. Specifically, we will adapt to the aircraft maintenance application several of our existing and emerging systems, including our system for speech recognition in noisy environments currently under development for the U.S. Army. In particular, we will apply a combination of proven and novel analysis techniques to filter out band-limited, broad-spectrum, and impulse noise. Our objectives will be to:. Design a flexible, highly accurate speech recognition system that is usable in high noise environments to support aircraft maintenance repair activities. Adapt and implement noise reduction algorithms resulting in relatively noise-immune speech recognition. Evaluate these noise reduction algorithms and the resulting speech recognition performance; and . Demonstrate an early prototype system.

KELLEY'S LOGISTICS SUPPORT SYSTEMS 282 Bellaire Drive Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 878-3406 Steven Powers AF 98-015
Title:	Advanced Voice Recognition Technologies - Collecting Maintenance Data from FM Net
Abstract:	Through the use of voice recognition technology, logistics FM radio nets could be electronically monitored. The system would recognize pertinent logistics information, capture it, and feed it to the appropriate legacy systems. Maintenance personnel rely on the FM radio to stay aware of current status. All key supervisors have radios and relay key maintenance status and location information to each other and the Maintenance Operations Centers. Normally, each squadron will have its own net, as well as specialist, Aerospace Ground Equipment and munitions. When an aircraft aborts or some other critical maintenance action occurs, all pertinent data is relayed across this net. KLSS recommends a project to evaluate the possibility of capturing aircraft maintenance status and failure edata by using voice recognition technology to monitor the FM Net(s). Voice recognition products are now available that are accurate and support continuous speech recognition.

TERI RESEARCH, INC. 16 Wildhedge Lane Holmdel, NJ 07733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 219-0020 Benjamin Tirabassi AF 98-015
Title:	Advanced Speech Recognition Technologies
Abstract:	Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) used with voice input can support hands-free maintenance with technical information being available at all times. Speech recognition is the preferred method for documenting maintenance activities performed, and for quickly accessing technical information required for a specific maintenance task. The maintenance support system will benefit from a multimedia interface with the flight-line technician. The adaptation of multiple noise abatement and speaker voice tracking technologies is proposed in the system together with TERI Research Inc. (TRI) state-of-the-art speech Natural Language Speech (NLS) recognition, synthesis and HMD interfaces. These technologies include: Parabolic noise canceling microphones, Dynamic noise canceling filters, Random noise canceling algorithms, Stationary noise feature set extraction, Word and Context tracking, Speaker Tracking and Beamforming techniques. The combination of these emerging technologies are expected to be very resistant to accuracy degradation caused by both continuous and impulse noises present in military platforms and on flight-lines, as well as in the presence of other voices. An integrated micro-miniature system will be designed that is able to accurately interpret spoken statements and speak responses in dialog fashing, effectively controlling maintenance technical information and displaying it on the HMD. Unique to this research is the approach that will maintain high accuracy speech recognition in the presence of changing and variable high noise environments without having to change the speech corpus or user profiles. The TRI developed state-of-the-art speaker independent speech recognition and synthesis software will perform speech recognition and voice response in real-time, maintaining speech recognition and transcription accuracy in a high noise environment.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 716 N. Bethlehem Pike Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 542-1400 William J. Weiland AF 98-016
Title:	LoCO: A Low-Cost Oculometer for Head-mounted Wearable Computer Displays
Abstract:	A concept for a Low-Cost Oculometer (LoCO) is proposed as a technology to provide hands-free eye-control for wearable computers with head-mounted displays (HMD's). LoCO builds on ongoing research performed by the proposed research team which demonstrates versatile discrete and continuous control by eye. LoCO addresses the deficiencies of existing commercial oculometers as they relate to wearable computing and other user interaction applications, specifically with regard to cost, weight, size, robustness, and ease of use. An approach is presented for adapting standard eye tracking technologies to minimize special-purpose hardware, relying instread on the capabilities of current-generation computing hardware. Based on published reports, recent experience, and emerging commercial products, it is argued that this approach is viable. The proposed Phase I effort will culminate in a proof-of-concept demonstration that will show eye interaction running fully resident on a wearable computer and HMD.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Robert J. Kline-Schoder AF 98-017
Title:	Feedforward Active Noise Reduction for Effective Audio Communication Systems
Abstract:	Creare proposes an innovative design for audio command, control, and communication systems. The Creare auditory system employs active noise reduction (ANR) that will reduce the harmful effects of high noise levels on personnel while simultaneously enhancing the speech intelligibility of electronic messages. Currently available off-ths-shelf ANR audio systems only provide between 10-20 dB of noise reduction for frequencies between 0.1 and 1 kHz and the feedback algorithm they employ attenuates injected electronic messages as well as unwanted environmental noise. The Creare innovation uses a feedforward controller which provides the ability to inject electronic messages that are unaffected by the ANR algorithm. This approach will result in a greater level of noise reduction and bandwidth than is possible with feedback algorithms, thereby enhancing audio command and communication systems. In Phase I, we will conduct a system engineering analysis of the design, develop the feedforward controller, and fabricate a laboratory system for testing. The key outcome of this effort will be demonstration hardware and preliminary data. In Phase II, we will optimize the design, fabricate prototypes of the optimized design, and perform laboratory and field tests of the prototype units to verify compliance with desired specifications.

DEFENSE GROUP, INC. 307 Annandale Road Falls Church, VA 22042
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 394-8599 Dr. Morgan Grover AF 98-017
Title:	Advanced Audio Interfaces
Abstract:	We will demonstrate an advanced audio interface for reliable automatic speech recognition (ASR) and other speech systems in dynamic, noisy environments. Our approach uses an innovative, high performance, multi-stage noise removal front-end, that can be integrated with a variety of final speech applications. We will demonstrate end-to-end performance from integrating this processing with multiple commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) ASR systems. Our noise removal processing will include adaptive noise cancellation, adaptive noise power estimation coupled with nonlinear noise prefiltering, cancellation, adaptive noise power estimation coupled with nonlinear noise prefiltering, and a high performance artificial neural network (ANN) noise removal post-filter. Equalization of channel transfer variations will also be included. Our ANN processing has already been shown to give much greater gains in ASR noise resistance than any other approach to date. From prior results, we can expect greater than a 30 dB gain in ASR resistance to background noise, even in highly dynamic noise environments. Performance will be demonstrated on aircraft maintenance and repair ASR applications in dynamic, high-level, flight line noise environments. Phase I will develop and demonstrate the basic methods and their end-to-end ASR performance. In Phase II a complete real-time system, with documentation and training, will be delivered for USAF testing and retention.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. 2545 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 530-1416 Ilya Agurok, Ph.D AF 98-018
Title:	Automatic Focusing Night Vision Goggles
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop automatically focusing night vision goggles for night or low illumination operations of military and civil personnel. The proposed device will be supplied with a new type of interferometric range finder, based on lateral shear interferometry principles. The executive mechanism for focusing will be a special SLM device. This mechanical free focusing method will be reliable and fast. All proposed elements will be available in mass production, so the goggles will be low cost and reliable.

CARNEGIE GROUP, INC. 5 PPG Place Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(412) 642-6900 Dr. Scott S. Potter AF 98-019
Title:	Coordinated Team Performance in Complex Opertional Systems
Abstract:	The focus of this SBIR effort will be on developing a design and analysis tool to be applicable in a wide variety of military C2 and Decision Support System (DSS) applications comprising complex team-machine systems wherein success depends heavily on the team's ability to efficiently collaborate in a fast-paced,multi-paces, multi-person, digitized environment. Given this focus, the objective of this Phase I proposal is to demonstrate the utility of a robust, decision-centered, Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) methodology as a powerful approach to analyze team collaboration in a complex military domain. Specifically, the focus of Phase I will be to extend the state-of-the-art in CTA by applying a function-based Cognitive Task Analysis (Roth and Mumaw, 1995) to a complex, dynamic, military C2 domain. This function-based CTA will develop an explicit representation of critical goals, supporting processes, as well as critical information and collaboration requirements. This representation will form the critical underlying framework for an assessment of team decision making effectiveness, modifications to crew structure, information transfer requirements, as well as the development of revolutionary human-system interface design technologies to dramactically improve team decision making performance. Phase II, then, will focus on building this design and analysis team CTA tool. This will take the form of two distince levels of effort. First, the proposed CTA tool will be applied to another team domain to explore its applicability to other complex military collaborative environments, since the results of a function-based CTA are entrenched in the semantics and complexities of the target domain. Second, the development effort will focus on addressing the critical needs for this team CTA tool to be used as means for supporting the design of human-machine interfaces to support team collaboration. This is expected to include issues such as scenario generation, collaboration requirements, team decision support/HCI innovations, and training for skill acquisition.

APPLIED VISIONS, INC. 6 Bayview Ave Northport, NY 11768
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(516) 754-4920 Ken Doris AF 98-021
Title:	Air Tasking Order Viosualization-Application of VR to AOCs
Abstract:	AVI proposes to develop a software tool that will greatly improve the efficiency of Air Operations Center (AOC) activities. The software will provide an interactive, navigable, 3D model of Air Tasking Orders (ATOs) as they are generated. It will transform the textual data into structures compatible with the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) standard, then feed them into a real-time viewing engine, similar in functionality to current web browsers. The complex tasking and coordination aspects of the ATO can then be viewed in a virtual world environment, allowing the operator to visualize not only the data structures themselves, but to comprehend the information in a more instinctive and natural way. The main goal of the proposed Phase I effort will be to demonstrate the ability of such a system to improve the ease and speed of ATO production and review. During the project, interface software will be developed to translate MIL-STD-5040 Air Tasking Order data components into VRML scene elements. Intuitive visual metaphors will be developed to illustrate ATO information content and interaction. The results will be demonstrated using a VRML testbed developed under a prior Air Force SBIR project.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Patrick J. Magari, PhD AF 98-022
Title:	Ceramic Oxygen Generating Sys(COGS) for Aircraft Breathing Oxy Supplies
Abstract:	The team of Creare, Litton Life Support, and UCLA will develop and construct a Ceramic Oxygen Generation System (COGS). The system constructed during Phase I will be capable of generating 2 LPM of 99.9% purity oxygen using exclusively electrical power. Creare has considerable experience in thermal management and control systems. This experience will be utilized to analyze the thermal characteristics of the ceramic oxygen generator system during Phase I. The results of this analysis will be incorporated into the design of a 15 LPM Phase II system. The Creare team will manufacture a ceramic generator core. The core for the Phase I system will demonstrate proprietary manifold, seal, and electrical interconnection design using well known and proven electrolyte and electrode materials. We are also developing a novel ceramic oxygen conducting electrolyte. This material exhibits a significantly high oxygen conductivity than other known ceramic materials below 500C. During Phase I, we will investigate the suitability of this material for ceramic oxygen generator applications. The materials will be incorporated in the development of a high-efficiency Phase II system.

CRYSTALS & CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6131 W. 80th Street Indianapolis, IN 46268
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(317) 850-1278 Krishna M. Choudhary, PhD AF 98-022
Title:	Thin Ceria-Based Electrolytes and Composite Sealants for Electrochemical Oxygen Generators
Abstract:	There is a great need for pure oxygen generators for chemical and biological defense. Crystals & Ceramic Technology, Inc., proposes to investigate electromechanical generators with thin (dense) ceria-based electrolytes. The thin ceria-based electrolytes will be deposited on palladium-conductive manganite electrodes supported on porous alumina tubes by organometallic chemical vapor deposition. Furthermore, gold/conductive perovskite-type oxide composite sealants will be used for device fabrication. The electrode, porous support tube, solid electrolytes and sealants have been selected by proper material selection so that the thermal stresses in the device structure are reduced. The electro-chemical oxygen generator is expected to have an operating temperature in the 500-600 deg. C range. Performance of the electrochemical oxygen generators will be characterized by measurements of oxygen flux and determination of the purity of oxygen. The devices will be packaged for use as breathing equipment, and for application to generate pure oxygen from air in sealed enclosures.

LOTEC, INC. 181 W. 1700 South Salt Lake City, UT 84115
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 483-3100 Santosh Y. Limaye AF 98-022
Title:	High Efficiency, Compact, On-Board Oxygen Generator
Abstract:	Due to the limited availability of space onboard the AF jets, it is necessary to miniaturize all the components. Oxygen generation devices are very bulky. Especially, pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) units that yield relatively pure (90+%) oxygen, occupy large space, contain moving parts and are very inefficient. The development of lightweight, compact, energy-efficient, high-purity (99.9+%) on-board oxygen generator has been an elusive and difficult goal to attain. The use of ceramic membranes for oxygen generation/separation is an attractive solution to this problem. During the oxygen generation using ceramic membranes, oxygen ions are conducted across the membrane from ambient air-side to pure oxygen-side; this process occurs at high temperatures. As a result, there are several technical challenges which need practical solutions. These challenges insclude thermal expansion mismatch between various components, membrane seals, thermal management, module optimization, and others. LoTEC, Inc. has developed a unique design to address these challenges. Based on this design, LoTEC, in cooperation with its subcontractor, NexTech, proposes to develop an on-board oxygen generation system (OBOGS) which is compact, efficient, and free of several technical hurdles.

SAM TECHNOLOGY, INC. 101 Spear Street, #203 San Francisco, CA 94105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 227-4900 Alan Gevins AF 98-023
Title:	WALKSCAN: A Wearable System for Operator State Monitoring
Abstract:	Operations of complex systems can become inefficient because of mental overload, fatigue, boredom and lapses in situational awareness, drugs, illness, and other factors; a practical means of monitoring operator state is thus important for many Air Force missions. In the laboratory, physiological measures such as brain waves, eye blinks and movements, cardiac activity, respiration, and skin conductance, have been frequently demonstrated to provide information about operator state. Unfortunately, current technology is not adequate to support routine acquisition and timely analysis of physiological measures in naturalistic environments. To service this need, our R&D program has focused on developing the component technologies required for non-invasively monitoring the mental state of human operators. These include rugged and portable recording electronics, quick application electrodes and headsets, and EEG signal processing algorithms and analysis software for extracting physiological signals from artifact contaminated data and using them to characterize changes in mental activity. We propose to integrate these technologies to developd WALKSCAN, a self-contained ambulatory recorder/signal processing system, that will use physiological data to provide continuous estimates of operator state in real-world environments. In Phase I we will design WALKSCAN and implement a limited-functionality laboratory prototype. In Phase II it will be fully implemented and field-tested.

PSYCHOMETRIX ASSOC., INC. 8 Silver Hill Rd. Lincoln, MA 01773
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 259-4088 Eva Hudlicka AF 98-025
Title:	ABAIS: Affect and Belief Adaptive Interface System
Abstract:	Currently, the majority of decision-support systems assume normative performance and fail to adapt to individual differences. This is particularly true with respect to affective states and individual beliefs, which can have profound impact on performance, particularly in complex, crisis situations. We propose to develop an Affect and Belief Adaptive Interface System (ABAIS) capable of compensating for performance biases caused by users' affective states and active beliefs. The ABAIS architecture implements an adaptive methodology consisting of four steps: sensing/inferring user affective state and performance-relevant beliefs; identifying their potential impact on performance; selecting a compensatory strategy; and implementing this strategy in terms of specific GUI adaptations. ABAIS provides a generic adaptive framework for exploring a variety of user state assessment methods (e.g., knowledge-based, self-reports, diagnositc tasks, physiological sensing), and GUI adaptation strategies (e.g., content- and format-based). The ABAIS performance bias prediction is based on existing empirical findings from emotion research and knowledge of specific task requirements. We propose to develop ABAIS using COTS software and an existing decision-support pilot-aiding system GUI, and demonstrate its functionality in the context of an Air Force combat ask, which is particularly susceptible to anxiety-induced biases.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 2 Research Place Rockville, MD 20850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 590-3155 Jacqueline A. Haynes AF 98-026
Title:	An Automated Cognitive Science Advisor for Instructional Systems Designers
Abstract:	IAI will research, design, and develop an automated, intelligent development aid to support instructional systems courseware authors. Through a DLL-based Application Programmers Interface (API), this aid will dynamically supply the following expert support to an author who is using any courseware developing tool across Win95TM platform: (1) observe the authoring process and provide timely advice regarding instructional opportunities and/or pitfalls in the current context; (2) answer structured queries regarding cognitive learning principles, pedagogy, and relevant examples of instructional intervention; and (3) enable the author to save, load, and edit portable curriculum plans. This "Cognitive Science Advisor" complements the ISD process by providing advice from an extensible knowledge base containing cognitive principles, especially in the areas of skill acquisition/development in human task performance and problem solving; the process of novice-to-expert progression; and their applications in training and instruction. This system will be useful in all contexts of instructional design, including K-12 eduction adult education, distance learning courseware development, and technical training. As increasing amounts of courseware are published on the World Wide Web, issues of quality are increasingly important. This product will also enhance the ability to review this courseware for quality, by informing the reviewer of relevant knowledge, including new findings, in cognitive science that are related to specific courseware.

MISSION RESEARCH CORP. 1720 Randolph Road SE Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 768-7647 Mr. David A. Wardwell AF 98-027
Title:	Integration of In-Situ, Real-Time Commercial, Soil and Groundwater Sensor Tech with E-SMART
Abstract:	More than half of DOD contaminated sites will require long-term environmental monitoring. Using traditional methods, the cost of monitoring could exceed the cost of remediation. We propose to integrate E-SMART with commercially available, in situ, real-time, remote, environmental sensors capable of detecting BTEX, oxygen, hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, and other VOC compounds in vapor and water, in situ, three-dimensional groundwater velocity, groundwater levels, and water quality parameters which include: dissolved oxygen (DO), potential for hydrogen (pH), low ionic strength pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), temperature, resistivity, turbidity, conductivity, specific conductance, ammonium/ammonia, nitrate, chloride, and salinity. The purpose of this sensor integration is to supply the Air Force with environmental sensors which meet Air Force environmental needs with statistically significant data. We propose integration of commercially available sensors that provide legally-defensible data with regulatory verification. Phase I will involve the integration of one of the sensors discussed in this proposal with laboratory testing using the E-SMART system. Data collected during this laboratory experiment will include sample rate, specificity, spatial resolution, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, range, sensor specifications and requirements, and a final cost comparison with traditional monitoring techniques. Conceptual design for sensor field utilization will also be completed.

NOMADICS, INC. PO Box 2496 Stillwater, OK 74076
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Brian Strecker AF 98-027
Title:	E-SMART Enabled Sensor Development
Abstract:	The E-SMART network provides a standard means for interconnecting sensors and actuators for a variety of uses, but was specifically developed for environmental applications. Nomadics proposes to develop a generic hardware and software interface to allow existing sensor technologies to be rapidly adapted to operate as E-SMART nodes. Using this enabling technology, Nomadics will implement a suite of environmental sensors as E-SMART nodes. The sensors selected for E-SMART implementation have particular significance for use in environmental applications. The initial node with incorporate standard water quality instrumentation including pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and temperature, implemented in a configuration that allows subsurface measurements to be made. Other E-SMART nodes to be implemented include a MEMs-based volatile organic compound sensor, and a microspectrometer.

FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 530 E. Montecito St., Ste 202 Santa Barbara, CA 93103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 777-7007 Dr. Thomas L. Murdock AF 98-028
Title:	Species Identification Software
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the detection, identification and measurement of the concentration of molecular species in remote sensing data, from ground-based, aircraft-based or space-based sensors. The serial combination of standard analysis tools increases the sensitivity of the detection and allows detection of molecular emission at low concentration. This technique will have wide application in any ordered datasets wherein the signature of the desired quantity is known. In Phase I, we will 1) prove the feasibility of the Species Identification Software using a) calculations against a series of concentrations of specific molecular species in ambient air, and b) an agreed upon set of test spectroscopic data provided by the government, and 2) do a market survey of the potential military and commercial users of this technique with the intent of forming partnerships in the later phases of the SBIR effort. In Phase II, we will write a Commercialization Plan, develop software specifications, develop and test, against a wider variety of test cases, multiple generations of prototype software, and install the latest versions on Air Force computer systems. In Phase III, we will place the software with customers that we have developed over the course of the Phase II effort.

SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC. 22 High St. Medford, MA 02155
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 395-2344 Robert Kerr AF 98-028
Title:	High Throughput Spectrometer to Detect Elemental Metals in Rocket Effluent
Abstract:	This project develops a high resolution, high throughput spectrometer that can detect trace metallic elements in effluent of rocket propelled craft. This system is optimized to reject the background from both the Rayleigh scattered solar radiation and the blackbody emission from the rocket engine. Dual liquid crystal Fabry-Perot etalons form the basis of this spectrometer. The high throughput of etalons is exploited to produce a spectrometer that has a resolution greater than that of a grating system, yet it is smaller and lighter. In the first phase of the project a ground-based, small field instrument is built and designs are established for an airborne, wide field system to be built in phase II.

SCION ASSOC. 140 Durazno Way Portola Valley, CA 94028
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 854-7521 Robert C. Livingston AF 98-028
Title:	Innovative Receiver/Data System for Radio Science Applications
Abstract:	We present an innovative receiver/data system design that is adaptable to many aspects of observational radio science. It is a high performance, modularized system that is agile in operation and application, yet is relatively inexpensive to replicate. This is achieved by taking advantage of the recent advances in computer speed, network technology and sophisticated commodity electronics. All system control is RS232-based, and data are output through a generalized interface. An advanced web browser/Java interface provides platform independent, remote user control and telescience capabilities over the network.In our modular design we have also attempted to address the issue of system obsolescence, which is a constant problem with electronic equipment. The system functionality is divided in such a way that chip components and control sfotware, aplicable now, can be upgraded as more capable devices and tools emerge. This will help to ensure the longevity of the design, and thus have a minimum impact on continued radio science observations.

SOUTHWEST SCIENCES, INC. 1570 Pacheco St., Ste E-11 Santa Fe, NM 87505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 272-1323 David C. Hovde AF 98-029
Title:	Range Resolved HCL Detector
Abstract:	The use of solid fuel rockets generates HCL and other pollutants that must be monitored remotely. Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) permits the remote, spatially resolved measurement of many trace atmospheric gases. This proposal describes a novel method for measuring lidar signals that promises tremendous reductions in the size, weight, and complexity of lidar instruments for measuring HCL. The experimental program will test the signal recovery method, identify the factors that influence its range and accuracy, and investigate a promising laser amplifier medium. The concurrent theoretical effort will develop a model that will permit the evaluation of the performance of a fully engineered DIAL system for automated measurement of HCL at rocket test and launch sites. The proposed technique can be applied to the detection of many other species, including a variety of important pollutants.

VISIDYNE, INC. 10 Corporate Pl. Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-2820 Dr. Patrick McNicholl AF 98-029
Title:	Intensity Modulated CW Lidar for UAV and Ceilometry Applications
Abstract:	We propose to critically evaluate by measurement, analysis, and an engineering study the potential for adaptation of Visidyne's intensity modulated diode laser technology to the construction of 1) a quasi-cw lidar suitable for UAV mounting and with sufficient sensitivity to remotely detect evaluated particle scatter from plumes and 2) a new generation of sensitive optical ceilometers. Our preliminary analysis of these applications indicate that they stand to gain from the combination of the intensity modulation technique and the use of lightweight and efficient laser diode technology. Since these applications are not marginal in terms of signal to noise ratio, the packaging, reliability, cost, and maintenance advantages of diode lasers will make them preferred over alternate technologies, e.g., lidars employing pulsed solid state lasers.

EIC LABORATORIES, INC. 111 Downey St. Norwood, MA 02062
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 769-9450 Fei Wang AF 98-030
Title:	High Specificity Conducting Polymer CBS Detector Badge
Abstract:	As the threat of chemical and biological weapons and terrorism increases, innovative sensors are becoming critical for protection of military and civilian personnel in a variety of situations. To address this threat, we propose to develop mass producible credit-card sized chemical sensors based on catalytically modified conducting polymers. The polymers will be further mixed or overcoated with one or more layers that selectively adsorb or react with the agent/analyte. The change in conductivity is elicited by an effective change in work function or oxidation/reduction (redox) level associated with adsorption of the analyte or analyte product on the underlying conducting polymer surface. The conductometric element will be based on an array structure shown previously at EIC to give an exceptional dynamic range. Using this approach, it is anticipated that highly specific and sensitive individual vapor sensors will be possible for a wide range of chemical agents. Phase I will entail demonstration of the concept for sensing organophosphorous compounds, addressing issues of selectivity, sensitivity and stability. Phase II will extend the devices to a broad range of possible agents, including extensive testing at a surety facility, and will address issues of scale-up and manufacturing.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Cntr. Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Mitchell R. Zakin AF 98-030
Title:	Polymer Microsensor System for Chemical Agent Detection
Abstract:	While the threat of chemical and biological weapon deployment has increased alarmingly in recent years, the sensitive and specific detection of chemical warfare (CW) agents remains a significant challenge. To achieve maximum effectiveness, small inexpensive sensors are required for deployment in a user-wearable badge format. Satisfying these demanding requirements necessitates a novel approach to CW agent sensing. A particularly attractive approach is to exploit the powerful detection capabilities of conductive polymers, plastic materials whose electrical properties can be engineered to change in a sensitive and controlled manner upon exposure to specific chemical species. Chemical specificity is achieved by constructing an array of polymer sensors whose composite response provides a unique "fingerprint" for each agent. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop a simple, inexpensive microsensor system for ultrasensitive, specific detection of CW agents. The system consists of a replaceable array of conductive polymer sensors coupled to a readout device. The microsensor will be credit card-sized, and ruggedized for battlefield deployment.In Phase I a prototype microsensor system will be constructed to demonstrate detection of agent simulants in the presence of battlefield interferents. The Phase I results will be utilized to complete a preliminary design of the Phase II system.

RADEX, INC. Three Preston Ct. Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-6767 William J. McNeil AF 98-032
Title:	Modeling of Meteoric Influx and Studies of Atmospheric Ramifications
Abstract:	Radex, Inc. proposes to develop a comprehensive model of the influx of meteors and cosmic dust to the Earth's atmosphere which will be sufficiently general for use in visual and radar observations as well as for driving models of the ionospheric and neutral metal layers. The model will draw upon meteor observation data which will be analysed and consolidated into software for prediction of the total influx including the distribution of masses, velocities and angles of incidence for an observer at an arbitrary point on the Earth. The first objective of the Phase I effort is to develop and validate the model. The second objective is to use this model in conjunction with dynamical models previously developed by Radex to define and quantify the effects of showers on the background ionosphere, on communications systems due to ionospheric modifications and on background contamination of visible and UV systems due to solar scattering from the metals. This will lead us to Phase II in which the models will be generalized and effects found to be significant in Phase I will be incorporated into existing models of the ionosphere, communications and the Earth's radiance.

ACULIGHT CORP. 11805 N. Creek Parkway South Bothell, WA 98011
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 482-1100 Dr. David Shannon AF 98-033
Title:	High Brightness, Multi-Wavelength Semiconductor Lasers
Abstract:	Improving the optical beam brightness of diode laser bars and optically pumped semiconductors is essential for many Air Force and commercial applications. In this proposed work Aculight will build and test a MIT/LL optical approach for decreasing the angular divergence of diode laser bars by a factor of at least 80. The MIT/LL approach will be implemented using Aculight's newly developed optical/laser manufacturing techniques that provide an exceptionally stable, compact and inexpensive platform suitable for use on high performance jet aircraft and helicopters. The demonstration proposed here will be carried out with cw diode laser bars operating at 808nm. In future work this enhanced beam brightness technique will be extended to optically pumped semiconductor lasers operating in the mid-IR near 4 microns.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 655 Aspen Ridge Dr. Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Mark W. Phillips AF 98-033
Title:	High Efficiency 0.5J, 20Hz Two Micron Laser
Abstract:	Coherent Technologies Inc. (CTI) proposes to design a 0.5J, 20Hz, single frequency Q-switched two micron laser, with high wall plug efficiency. With passive cooling, the unit will operate with a wall-plug power efficiency of 5-6%, meeting the performance requirements for practical deployment of a Doppler lidar on a free-flying satellite for space-based remote sensing. When used in a coherent laser radar system this system will have the capability to measure: 1) hard target range and velocity (including precision microDoppler) to ranges up to 500 km from a space-borne or airborne platform, 2) atmospheric winds globally from a space-borne platform, and 3) atmospheric winds to heights and ranges beyond 20 km from a ground-based platform. The improvement in performance over previous two micron lasers will be accomplished by achieving super-mode operation and elimination of thermal birefringence loss and spatial hole burning in the injection-seeded laser. Also, the proposed effort will integrate a dual temperature refrigeration unit into the laser design, for an efficient and practical means of cooling both the pump laser diodes and the laser rod, as needed for airborne or ground based deployment of a lidar system based on this laser.

INTERSCIENCE, INC. 105 Jordan Rd. Troy, NY 12180
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 283-7500 Dr. Mikhail Gutin AF 98-033
Title:	Tunable Diode Laser with Fast Line Selection
Abstract:	The objective of this SBIR proposal is to develop a digitally tunable diode laser capable of fast switching over a predefined set of spectral lines of desired wavelengths. An important application for such a laser is in optical spectroscopy for chemical sensing where the availability of several wavelengths that can be varied can significantly enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of the instrument. The optical arrangement is based on classical physics and can be demonstrated with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components available from advances in Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). The Phase I effort is to provide bench top demonstration of the concept using COTS components. Specific efforts shall include charcterization of the diode laser and the specific MEMS and other optical components, and their integration to achieve the desired results. The Phase I results shall serve as the basis for the implementation of a stand-alone unit to be completed in Phase II for eventual commercialization.

INTRALASE CORP. 2217 Vinewood Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 461-3320 Tibor Juhasz AF 98-033
Title:	Compact, Directly Diode-Pumped Sub-Picosecond Amplified Laser Source for Dual Use Applications
Abstract:	The feasibility of novel refractive surgeries has been demonstrated using sub-picosecond laser pulses. However, the introduction of these techniques depends on the development of low cost, reliable, compact laser devices. We propose to design, construct and test a directly diode-pumped Nd:Glass laser system consisting of a prismless oscillator, a single transmission grating stretcher-compressor, and an end-pumped regenerative amplifier. The fully solid-state laser will have an approximately 8"x14" footprint and will deliver 500 fs pulses with energies up to 50 mJ at repetition rates of 3 kHz. Corneal surgical procedures with the laser will be evaluated and the results used to guide laser design specifications for a commercial prototype, to be developed during Phase II. If the proposed device satisfies clinical and commercial requirements, surgical correction of a wide variety of refractive errors may become more effective, safe and affordable. By eliminating the need for eyeglasses and other corrective devices, the pool of potential military personnel can be increased, while the capabilities of current personnel can be strengthened. Since the new laser device is designed to run on a simple car battery, dual use applications, such as high precision military ranging and remote sensing of air pollutants are also possible.

LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP. 1161 San Antonio Rd Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 526-1281 Lawrence E. Myers AF 98-033
Title:	Efficient Third-Harmonic-Generation Laser Sources
Abstract:	Third-harmonic generation (THG) of cw-diode-pumped solid-state lasers can be used to reach important wavelengths in the visible and ultraviolet. Because THG is implemented with two cascaded processes of second-harmonic generation (SGH) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) and the peak power of cw-diode-pumped solid-state lasers is low, efficient THG is difficult with conventional nonlinear materials. The emerging technology of periodic poling provides high nonlinearity and no walk-off so large nonlinear drive can be attained even with relatively low-peak-power lasers. Using the flexible design properties possible in periodically poled materials, a monolithic crystal can be fabricated that combines both the SHG and SFG processes in a single crystal. This has the advantage of reducing the number of surfaces which lowers the loss. By placing a crystal of this type in a resonant cavity, efficient THG of cw-diode-pumped solid-state lasers is made practical.This Phase I research will demonstrate a monolithic THG crystal using periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) and efficient THG of a cw-diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser. In addition, we will investigate low-absorption material which will enhance the conversion efficiency and power handling of THG devices. We will characterize the absorption of different samples of congruent and stoichiometric lithium niobate, and investigate the suitability of these materials for periodic poling.

PC PHOTONICS CORP. 64 Windward Way Waterford, CT 06385
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 443-4356 Peter K. Cheo AF 98-033
Title:	Dual Use Development of Laser Technology
Abstract:	Recent advances in multi-kilowatt semiconductor laser arrays have pushed solid-state laser output power into the KW range. Unfortunately, the output beam quality of diode-pumped solid-state lasers using Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG bulk crystals degrades with increasing pump power and is basically limited by the thermal induced effects inside the non-linear lasing rods. To some extent, good beam quality can be maintained by distributing the pump power uniformly inside the crystal. Even then thermal lensing or self- focusing could still occur, initiating from localized inhomogeneities. To eliminate this serious problem, this proposal introduces a novel concept for establishing a uniform distribution of pump power by using a multicore fiber bundle from which phase-locking can be obtained to emit a single central beam spot with very high brightness as a result of a strong coupling of the evanescent waves inside the cladding.Recently, the output power in the range from 30 to 50W has been achieved by diode-pumping of a single core Nd-doped or Yb-doped fiber laser. To increase the power delivery from these fiber lasers, this proposal describes a laser system consisting of a 2-D phase-locked fiber bundle, uniquely configured in a 2-D staggered array in a common cladding with a specified intercore spacing between two adjacent fibers, so that the multicore system is phase-locked in unit-phase to emit the desired fundamental supermode. By using co-doping technology, very high power in excess of one kilowatt can be achieved with Yb:Er codoped multicore fiber bundle emitting at an eye-safe wavelength. In Phase I, an in-depth study will be conducted to assess potential dual-use of the selected laser technology. Also, a detailed design analysis will be conducted to determine critical parameters required to fabricate the selected laser. In addition, a novel packaging concept for the multicore fiber bundle will be attempted and experimentally verified. The results will be used as the basic guideline for developing a prototype to be demonstrated in Phase II.

OPTRON SYSTEMS, INC. 3 Preston Ct Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-3100 Dr. Vernon Shrauger AF 98-034
Title:	Monolithic On-Chip Wavefront Correction System
Abstract:	We propose to explore the feasibility of a novel concept for a low-cost, lightweight, rugged integrated adaptive-optics wavefront corrector system. These features are achieved by integrating a deformable mirror array onto the front surface of a custom VLSI wavefront processor chip and a wavefront sensor onto the back surface. The chosed processor chip structure is integral to the wavefront correction algorithm, and the proposed concept offers the potential for extremely high actuator density. We will conduct a feasibility analysis to determine those commercial applications that may have significant markets for our compact, low-cost, high-performance, and then design and model the novel wavefront corrector (custom VLSI and special membrane mirror with piston-only correction). These devices will be tested separately to verify the desired performance characteristics. The Phase II will scale-up the actuator density to a 256 x 256 array and demonstrate high-resolution wavefront correction with a prototype system optimized for application in military seekers, FLIRS, and commercial imaging systemssuch as amateur telescopes. The VLSI-membrane mirror wavefront corrector will offer isolated actuators, hundreds of nanosecond response time, and at least 16 pi radians of phase correction at visible wavelengths using achromatic illumination.

SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. 3490 U.S. Rt. 1 Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 520-0610 Dr. Gregory H. Olsen AF 98-035
Title:	High Power Linear Arrays of 1.9um Laser Diodes
Abstract:	The broadened waveguide (BW) concept has yielded record output powers for quantum well lasers between 0.8 and 1.55 um. The imporvement is attributed to larger mode size and lower optical loss from free-carrier absorption in the quantum wells and cladding regions. We propose to demonstrate high power single aperture InGaAsP/InP laser diodes at 1.9 um and to fabricate linear-arrays with substantially higher powers than available today. During Phase I we will use gas-source moleculear beam epitaxy (GSMBE) to grow loss-loss, high efficiency, BW laser structures. The thickness and bandgap of the waveguide layer will be optimized for low internal loss, low threshold current and high internal efficiency. High power 200 um aperture single and a 1x5 linear array will be delivered. In Phase II, BW lasers with strain compensated active regions, will be fabricated. These designs will reduce the temperature sensitivity, increase the wavelength to 2 um and yield higher powers. Linear arrays with high-efficiency, temperature insensitive lasers will be fabricated. Prof. S.R. Forrest and Chris Dreis of Princeton University will consult.

ACULIGHT CORP. 11805 North Creek Parkway Bothell, WA 98011
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 482-1100 Jeffery Pierce AF 98-036
Title:	Advanced Diode Pumped Laser Packaging
Abstract:	High power lasers are needed for many airborne applications. These lasers must be compact, reliable in high vibration environments, and must also have a low per unit cost. Aculight proposes to develop a high repetition rate laser with average power of 10-20 watts using novel packaging designs and manufacturing methods. When fully developed, this technology will provide flight-worthy lasers at an unprecedented low cost.

SCHWARTZ ELECTRO-OPTICS, INC. 135 South Rd. Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-9535 John H. Flint AF 98-036
Title:	Compact Packaging of Diode-Pumped Lasers
Abstract:	Diode-pumped solid-state lasers are often described as being "compact and efficient", and they are when compared to gas lasers. However, when the power supplies and cooling apparatus are included, they are not nearly as compact and efficient as many applications require. The objective of this Phase I SBIR proposal is to develop packaging and power supply concepts to produce truly compact and efficient lasers. We will allow the laser crystal and the diodes to operate at relatively high temperatures using only passive cooling. The resonator structure will be designed to dissipate the waste heat while simultaneously keeping the laser aligned. We will evaluate Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, and Nd:YVO(4) laser materials, and we will consider end-pumped rods, side-pumped slabs, and side-pumped rods for the laser configuration. In the power supply only the diode-laser will be kept relatively cool while the other components will be allowed to heat up, minimizing the size and weight of their heat sinks. We will also perform a market analysis to determine the commercial potential of such a laser, and we will conclude this effort with a preliminary design targeted at one application. This design will be refined, and the laser constructed during a follow-on Phase II effort.

LSA, INC. 1215 Jefferson Davis Hwy. Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 363-5808 Jesse W. Booker AF 98-037
Title:	Wavefront Detection with a Wide Dynamic Range
Abstract:	We propose to design and build a tunable, non-contact optical figure-measurement system to measure surface aberrations on a large membrane or segmented mirror. Our approach uses novel electro-optic devices to vary the resolution of the system over four orders of magnitude. Our concept also incorporates algorithms to interface with the mirror-actuator system so that the aberrations in the mirror's surface can be reduced.

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard SE, Ste 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Daniel R. Eastman AF 98-037
Title:	Adaptive Dynamic Range Wavefront Sensor
Abstract:	For a number of years the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has investigated the fabrication of large optics to support space based sensing and weapons applications. One promising technology is the construction of large membrane mirrors. This class of mirror has significant advantages including the potential of very area-to-weight ratios, low f-numbers, and the ability to launch within tight packaging constraints and then deploy and align in space. The metrology requirements for membrane mirrors are unique. The initial mirror figure and radius of curvature have large departures from the final required shape and for multi-meter size the errors may consist of thousands of waves of higher order spherical aberration. These large errors must be measured so that an actuation system can be used to reduce the error to within at least tens of waves of the desired surface. This proposal presents a novel approach to provide an adaptive technique to adjest the dynamic range of the wavefront sensor while maintaining the spatial resolution and accuracy required.

SCHAFER CORP. 321 Billerica Rd Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 242-9992 Marc R. Hallada AF 98-038
Title:	Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser for Environmental Remediation
Abstract:	The development plan described in this proposal is for a modular, transportable COIL device, adapted for long run times, and employing a fiber-optic beam delivery system. Fiber-optic delivery will allow for remote manual and robotic cutting or welding of thick metal objects, with various compositions and geometries, and in areas with restricted access. These attributes make such a system attractive for environmental applications in the Decontamination and Dismantlement (D&D) of nuclear reactor and weapon facilities and individual weapons.

PD-LD, INC. 243 Wall St. Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 924-7979 Dr. Vladimir S. Ban AF 98-039
Title:	4.6 Watt Eye-Safe 1500 nm Laser Diode with Low Linewidth Enhancement Factor
Abstract:	This proposal is based on high-power, high-efficiency, low threshold current, broadened waveguide (BW) separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) laser diodes recently demonstrated by Professor Forrest's group at Princeton University (1,2,3). These lasers achieved extraordinarily high power outputs:4.6W in CW operation from a 200um aperture BW-SCH 1500nm InGaAsP/InP laser diodes:13.3W in quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) operation and 6.8W in CW operation from a 100 micron aperture BW-SCH 980nm InGaAs/(In)GaAs(p)/InGaP laser diodes.The BW-SCH devices employ comprehensive strain multi-quantum well (MQW) structures known to reduce the linewidth enhancement factor (4.5). Furthermore these devices achieve high power output power at relatively narrow aperture, thus producing a high quality, non-filamentary beam, suitable for collimation and/or fiber coupling (2). We plan to produce a fully packaged prototype device emitting several watts of power in a well collimated beam.We thus believe that this proposal matches very well the objective of the solicitation AF98-039, which is stated as "Develop high-power diffraction-limited laser diodes at eyesafe wavelengths by designing and using structures that have reduced linewidth enhancement factor (Alpha).

QUANTUM PHOTONICS, INC. P.O. Box 49 College Park, MD 20741
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 706-5941 Peter J. S. Heim AF 98-039
Title:	High Power Eye-Safe Laser Diodes with Low Alpha Structure
Abstract:	In this program, we propose to advance the state of the art in the generation of high power (many watts), diffraction- limited optical output from a tapered semiconductor laser. A single mode waveguide section monolithically integrated with a tapered power section will be used to spatially filter the optical power. Low linewidth enhancement factor active regions with large optical mode will be developed to overcome the optical beam filamentation problem that currently limits the realization of high-power diffraction-limited laser diode sources. This work will be carried out at 1.55 - 1.9 microns, a wavelength range considered to be in the eye safe spectral region.

LSA, INC. 1215 Jefferson Davis Hwy Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 363-5808 Dr. Robert T. Carlson AF 98-040
Title:	Eye-Safe, Infrared Laser Communicator
Abstract:	Laser communications can provide transmission security and low probability of detection for covert links where intercepted radio transmissions and RF direction finding could compromise the mission and put participant's lives at risk. Other advantages include the lack of spectral congestion and assigned frequencies and immunity to electromagnetic interference and collocated RF transmitters and jammers.LSA will design and fabricate a pair of 1550 nm hand-held eyesafe laser communicators. These transceivers will be fully functional prototype devices. This effort builds on LSA's expertise in laser communications and our commercial lasercom product line for digital laser and video applications. We will use the transceivers to provide confirmation of the covert transmission aspects of a 1550 nm lasercom link. We will perform additional technology trade-offs and conceptual system designs of sophisticated man-portable, eyesafe, covert, laser communicator systems for a network of users. This work will include evaluation of link acquisition and tracking schemes and omnidirectional receivers. It will also address the transfer of data, imagery, and video at much higher data rates than voice.

SENSOR PLUS, INC. 4250 Ridge Leas Amherst, NY 14226
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 831-0091 John Puckhaber AF 98-040
Title:	Eye-Safe Infrared Laser Communicator
Abstract:	This proposal describes a highly advanced laser-based personal communicator designed for military personnel. Our team proposes to develop a general purpose, helmet mounted laser diode-based transmitter and receiver establishing a secure communication "channel" between speaker and listner. Alow profile array of detectors is capable of receiving the signal from any direction. The transceiver will be detachable, small and rugged. Laser diodes at 1550 nm are eyesafe and invisible to the eye and all but the most advanced night vivion technology. The devices will deliver enough output power when properly focused to enable communication as far as 2 km without extraordinary alignment procedures. Challenges to implementing this technology stem from the ergonomic reality that helmet lasers can only be crudely aligned; expanding the beam has the effect of reducing the signal to noise ratio necessitating the use of more powerful, expensive, energy consuming lasers. A major part of this proposal addresses the laser detector, and electronics that together yield a practical solution. Phase I will conclude with: (1) delivery of two helmet mounted transmitter/receiver prototypes sufficient for the Air Force's field tests, (2) our own measurements of performance specifications and (3) a complete cost analysis.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02154
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4046 Dr. Sunet Chadha AF 98-041
Title:	Wide Area Infrared Chemical Imager
Abstract:	Autonomous standoff detection of lethal or narcotic chemical agents and chemical emissions has long been a major concern. While significant advances have recently been accomplished in remote spectral sensing using regged FTIRs with point detectors, efforts towards spatial chemical discrimination and low-cost portable devices have been lacking.Foster-Miller, Inc. (FMI) together with Boeing/Rockwell Electro-Optic Center proposes to design and demonstrate a radically different infrared imaging spectrometer for standoff chemical detection. This no moving parts device will: Be readily incorporated into existing or planned FLIRs and thermal imaging cameras to add chemical recognition functionality. Eliminate the cost, complexity, reliability and bandwidth resolution problems associated with either Fabry Perot or Michelson Interferometer based approaches currently under consideration. Given the small size and performance insensitivity to on-board vibration, high EMI, thermal variations, the proposed optic would easily adapt to field deployable requirements.The Phase I effort will develop a theoretical model for identified application, determine spectral and spatial resolution needed and trade off active with passive modalities to leverage low-cost micro-bolometer arrays. Our team partner, Boeing/Rockwell Electro-Optical Center will provide input on detector selection and integration support to demonstrate the feasibility of our design approach. The Phase I will provide the basis for the creation of a conceptual of an integrated thermal and chemical imager for development during Phase II.

PACIFIC-SIERRA RESEARCH CORP. 2901 28th St. Sut. 300 Santa Monica, CA 90405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 314-2384 Charles S. Kaufman AF 98-041
Title:	Spectral Imaging
Abstract:	Pacific-Sierra Research Corp. (PSR) will define and develop the design for a feasible man-portable multispectral imaging video system from a proof-of-concept based on modeling and analysis of various hyperspectral exploitation approaches. This portable unit will utilize a high-sensitivity, visible near-through mid-wave IR (VNIR-MWIR) COTS InSb camera operated at a high frame rate, using PSR expertise in VNIR-MWIR multispectral (common aperture) sensor systems. Data rate will be sufficient to generate a real-time false color image. A proposed baseline concept of operation is the pre-selection of 3 spectral band prior to a mission. During utilization, the portable spectral imaging system will operate as a point-and-shoot device, with a small hand-held remote camera head providing optically stabilized color multispectral image on a COTS head mount display unit. PSR will define the requirements for a prototype system. PSR will then develop a lightweight optical, electronics and mechanical packaging concept that can provide an easily assembled imaging sensor with the required spectral imagery and performance capability while remaining inexpensive. Based on the results of this Phase I preliminary design, critical components (i.e., focal plane assembly, bandpass filter) will be defined and the predicted performance evaluated.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 655 Aspen Ridge Dr. Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Glenn T. Bennett AF 98-042
Title:	Frequency Agile Chemical and Biological Hazard Transceiver
Abstract:	Coherent Technologies, Inc. (CTI) proposes a simple, compact and efficient man-portable laser source for remote detection of chemical and biological hazards. The source consists of a low-risk Nd:YAG drive laser pumping a frequency-agile optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The transmitter will simultaneously output eyesafe radiation at 1.56 um and at other wavelengths over the entire 1.75 to 14 um spectral region. This will allow concurrent Differential Absorption Lidar detection of chemical effluents, elastic backscatter profiling of bioaerosol clouds and active imaging. The source incorporates a novel laser tuning and linewidth control architecture that permits shot-to-shot control of the OPO output frequency over the entire tuning range, with linewidths less than 0.25cm (-1). In Phase I, CTI will demonstrate laser source efficiency, tuning and linewidth control. In Phase II a man-portable, battery-powered, air cooled brassboard sensor will be built. CTI believes that this approach provides a low risk path towards development of an optical and mechanical architecture that will satisfy all Phase II mission requirements. This integrated systems approach to remote sensing problems is a hallmark of CTI products.

SCIENCE & ENGINEERING SERVICES, INC. 4032 Blackburn Ln. Burtonsville, MD 20866
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 989-1896 Dr. Coorg R. Prasad AF 98-042
Title:	Compact, Frequency Agile, Broadly Tunable, IR Differential Absorption Lidar for Remote Sensing
Abstract:	Remote sensing of chemical emissions from concealed sources, such as concealed chemical manufacturing plants, or internal combustion engines, from airborne and ground based mobile platforms is a high defense priority. We propose to develop an innovative, miniature, rugged, rapidly tuned, differential absorption lidar for detecting low concentrations of chemical species with sufficient sensitivity (100ppb) and accuracy (10%), for a 5-10km range. The crucial component for this lidar is a high repetition rate (<1kHz), frequency agile, widely tunable (1.5-5.5 um), 1mJ/pulse quasi phase-matched optical parametric oscillator (OPO), pumped by a diode-pumped Yb:YAG tunable laser. This laser systems provides both the on- and off-line lidar pulses. High laser efficiency (>60%) is obtained by employing Yb:YAG which has the smallest quantum deficit between the pump (940nm) and lase wavelenths (1.02-1.06um). Compactness, frequency agility, and broad IR tuning range are obtained by utilizing a fixed PPRTA (poling period =31um)) OPOand rapidly tuning the pump wavelength. Atmospheric and topographical backscattered signals collected by a 35cm aperture telescope are detected by a cooled HgCdTe detector. In Phase I a comprehensice design of the lidar will be performed besides feasibilty demonstration with a broad-band lidar. In Phase II, chemical specie measurements will be demonstrated with a prototype lidar.

SVS R&D SYSTEMS, INC. 6207 Pan American Freeway NE Albuquerque, NM 87109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 342-4600 Steven A. Baugh AF 98-043
Title:	Development of Small Inertial Attitude Reference System
Abstract:	This effort will develop the design for a small and inexpensive inertial attitude system that will provide a two-axis optical inertial reference for a variety of opti