| Applied Colloids
11080 Industrial Circle NW Elk River, MN 55330 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(651) 485-1368
Gary Pozarnsky OSD 09-EP1 Awarded: 11/3/2009 |
| Title: | Nanophase Technology for Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) Battery Safety |
| Abstract: | Many of the safety incidents that occur with lithium-ion batteries are due to the carbon anode currently in use. Incidents can occur that include overcharging in the system, which causes lithium metal to plate out of the cell and passivation at the surfaces of the electrodes in the cell, which can also cause an incident. Applied Colloids proposes the use of its proprietary nanomaterials in a "rocking chair" cell. This would eliminate the carbon anodes presently in use and improve the safety of both lithium-ion and lithium polymer batteries. |
| Excellatron
263 Decatur Street Atlanta, GA 30312 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(404) 584-2475
Steve Buckingham OSD 09-EP1 Awarded: 11/26/2009 |
| Title: | Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) and Lithium-ion Polymer (Li-polymer) Battery Safety |
| Abstract: | Excellatron proposes to optimize an all solid-state secondary battery for safety. The all solid-state battery combines the high energy density of Li-ion technology with the power density, cyclability, and proven safety of thin film all solid-state battery technology developed at Oak Ridge National Labs. Despite the use of Li as the anode to maintain the highest possible energy density, the proposed all solid state battery allows for a cell that will be ultra safe even in the most extreme and abusive environments owing to the elimination of highly flammable liquid electrolyte used in current Li-ion technology. Even when ruptured at high or low temperatures or in underwater environments or short circuited or fast charged to overvoltage conditions the cell will remain safe. No overvoltage or deep discharge “safety” protection circuit will be necessary, or any provision for venting of gasses to prevent explosion. In fact the solid state prismatic design will be extremely resilient to puncture or venting even when crushed, and will provide dramatic improvements in durability and reliability under rough handling over existing technologies. The battery will extend the military temperature range of –40oC to 85oC to an increased upper limit of 150°C. |
| NEI Corporation
400 E Apgar Drive Somerset, NJ 08873 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 868-3141
Ganesh Skandan OSD 09-EP1 Awarded: 10/21/2009 |
| Title: | Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) and Lithium-ion Polymer (Li-polymer) Battery Safety |
| Abstract: | The proposed program aims to overcome the challenge of developing a Li-ion battery that delivers high performance while simultaneously improving the intrinsic safety of the Li-ion cell. Generally, safety at the cell level is sacrificed in order to achieve performance in terms of high charge/discharge rate capability and energy density. In contrast to the traditional single point approach of incorporating external controls such as a Battery Management System (BMS) to render a degree of safety to a Li-ion battery pack, the proposed approach aims at introducing multiple innovations in the components within the cell, particularly in terms of the materials used. Working in collaboration with a fully equipped battery manufacturer, we propose to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach in Phase I by comparing it to the state of the art in Li-ion cell technology for high rate applications. 5 Ah cells will be fabricated and tested so the performance and safety characteristics can be ascertained quantitatively. Since the objective of the program is to develop safer Li-ion batteries that also have the needed rate capability and energy density, the Phase II program will focus on incorporating the Phase I innovations into larger scale Li-ion battery modules, and subjecting them to industry standard performance and abuse testing. Prototype battery packs will be delivered to the military at the end of the Phase II program for testing and qualification. |
| CFX Battery, Inc
1300 W. Optical Drive, Suite 300 Azusa, CA 91702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 610-0660
Sohrab Hossain OSD 09-EP2 Awarded: 11/16/2009 |
| Title: | New Power Source for Micro Aerial Vehicles |
| Abstract: | CFX Battery Company (CFXB) has been developing a series of new primary-battery products using a proprietary new Lithium-CFx primary-battery technology developed during the past four years at Caltech and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The new technology offers very high specific energy (> 600 Wh/kg) and a dramatic improvement in power capability over previous Li-CF1 systems. CFXB proposes to adapt this technology to develop a new MAV battery that will meet or exceed all of the requirements for an improved MAV power source. During Phase I of the proposed program, CFXB will optimize its Li-CFx battery technology for the MAV application and conduct subscale battery tests to demonstrate feasibility. During Phase ll, CFXB will build and deliver full- size batteries. CFXB expects its new power source to extend the flight time of the MAV from 3X to 4X that of the current MAV battery. |
| CyVolt Energy Systems, Inc.
PO Box 31042 Seattle, WA 98103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 322-9714
Steven Ragsdale OSD 09-EP2 Awarded: 11/18/2009 |
| Title: | Power Generation and Storage for Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAV) |
| Abstract: | This Phase I innovation research project will develop a fuel cell/battery hybrid system to power and store energy for micro-aerial vehicles (MAVs). The objective of this small business innovation research project is to develop a hybrid power system capable of powering MAVs for extended flight times as well as providing increased power for payload packages. Current battery technologies are unable to supply sufficient energy for extended periods. Fuel cells are unable to provide the short-term peak power demands for these systems. The proposed concept combines power sources to extend run time or enhance power capability, while minimizing system weight or volume. By combing the power density of secondary batteries and the energy density of fuel cells, a hybrid system could supply both the power and energy demands of mission profiles. Leveraging each technology’s strengths current flight times are anticipated to double. |
| Excellatron
263 Decatur Street Atlanta, GA 30312 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(404) 584-2475
Doug Danielson OSD 09-EP2 Awarded: 12/1/2009 |
| Title: | Power Generation and Storage for Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAV) |
| Abstract: | Current micro air vehicles (MAV) are limited to 30 minutes of operation due to capacity of the 100 g battery they carry. Next generation MAVs utilizing an advanced power system envisioned in this project will increase the mission duration to at least 90 minutes using a 130 g battery. This increase in mission duration will require an increase in energy storage density from 125 wh/kg to 403.8 wh/kg. Advanced solid state batteries have the potential to deliver an energy density of 799 wh/kg, which would allow a MAV to achieve the objective of at least doubling the mission duration. Excellatron has years of experience developing solid state thin film battery (SSTFB) technology and is using insights gained from that experience to develop the higher performance and lower cost advanced solid state batteries. |
| Irvine Sensors Corporation
3001 Red Hill Avenue Building #4-108 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 444-8772
Ying Hsu OSD 09-EP2 Awarded: 11/23/2009 |
| Title: | Microcombustion Power Generator (MPG) |
| Abstract: | The Microcombustion Power Generator (MPG) is a new type of fueled-based power source designed for applications in the Micro Air Vehicles and other small Unmanned Aerial Systems. The MPG combusts liquid hydrocarbon fuels to produce heat and generates electrical power by thermoelectric conversion. With an estimated mass of about 130 grams, a preliminary concept for the MPG shows that it’s capable of producing 35 Watts nominal with an energy density of 420 W-hr/Kg. The projected performance of the MPG is about 3.5 times higher than the Lithium-ion battery being used by the Air Force today for the MAV. The MPG technology is also highly scalable. A concept for a 10 grams MPG power source is capable of delivering 3.5 Watts with an estimated energy density of 350 W-hr/Kg. In Phase I ISC proposes to develop a baseline MGP system design and conduct detailed designs and analyses of the major components, such as the micro combustor, heat exchanger and thermoelectric generator. |
| CFD Research Corporation
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 327-0681
Vojtech Svoboda OSD 09-EP3 Awarded: 11/25/2009 |
| Title: | High Power Enzymatic Fuel Cell with Complete Oxidation of Fuel for Small Power System |
| Abstract: | Our objective is to develop a high power enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) with complete oxidation of fuel, thereby delivering a state-of-the-art power supply for low power military systems. The proposed EFC will leverage ongoing research at both CFDRC and Saint Louis University to provide a fully-integrate lightweight, low-cost, manufacturable, and renewable power supply, for various military and civilian applications. This solution offers several advantages over the existing electromechanical methods; higher energy density, low-cost, environmentally-friendly catalysts, and renewable fuel supply eliminating need for replacement or recharge. In Phase I, we will demonstrate a multiple enzyme cascade to partially oxidize sucrose (table sugar) and also develop and validate a computer model to aid in the design of the electrode. Additionally, we will design all components of the entire EFC system for maximal power density. In Phase II with enhanced computer model and computer-aided design, the EFC will be further improved by design and fabrication of electrodes capable of full oxidation of sucrose. The fully- integrated prototype will be capable of providing a proof-of-concept demonstration as a low power military power source. A multi-disciplinary team with proven expertise in biomicrosystems, bioelectrochemistry, and system design has been assembled to accomplish these goals. |
| Luna Innovations Incorporated
1 Riverside Circle Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(434) 220-0159
Michael Danilich OSD 09-EP3 Awarded: 10/27/2009 |
| Title: | Enzyme Based Biological Fuel Cell for Energy Storage and Generation |
| Abstract: | Luna Innovations will determine the feasibility of developing a light weight enzymatic fuel cell that is capable of powering MAVs in the field at 10-10,000 mWatts. The proposed enzymatic fuel cell will provide significant improvements in power generation, stability, and life time over current biofuel cell technologies, resulting in an environmentally friendly, sustainable fuel cell technology. Additionally, the proposed technology is capable of running on various fuel sources scavenged from the surrounding environment, making it more versatile and lighter weight than traditional battery power for field operations. During Phase I Luna will fabricate multiple electrodes containing either oxidizing or reducing enzymes that will be evaluated and tested. Phase II will focus on maximizing power generation and reducing weight, while working to integrate the fuel cell technology with products such as micro air vehicles and unattended ground sensors to meet the market demand for power systems for small mobile electronic devices. |
| Lynntech, Inc.
7610 Eastmark Drive College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 693-0017
Anuncia Gonzalez-Martin OSD 09-EP3 Awarded: 11/25/2009 |
| Title: | Enzymatic Based Bio-Fuel Cell |
| Abstract: | Biologically-based systems using electrochemical energy conversion and storage (such as bio-fuel cells) have the potential to meet the ever increasing requirements for smaller energy storage systems for applications such as implantable electronic devices, biosensing, microelectrical mechanical systems (MEMS), and micro air vehicles (MAV). Bio-fuel cells offer the potential for highly efficient, scalable power systems with the ability to utilize a number of fuels sources, possible extracted from the surrounding environment, enabling extended power system endurance. Lynntech proposes the development of an enzymatic-based bio-fuel cell capable of delivering high power with a minimum footprint. During the Phase I project, the technical feasibility of the enzymatic biofuel cell will be demonstrated, an initial concept design will be developed, and key elements will be model to demonstrate the ability to meet specified power system requirements. During the Phase II project, a prototype power system will be designed, fabricated, tested, and delivered to DOD. |
| Physical Optics Corporation
Photonic Systems Division 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Mahsa Rouhanizadeh OSD 09-EP3 Awarded: 11/24/2009 |
| Title: | Regenerative Enzymatic Biofuel Cell in a Multi-array Microfluidic Configuration |
| Abstract: | To address the OSD need for biological-based energy storage and generation for small mobile power system applications, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Regenerative Enzymatic Biofuel cell in a Multi-Array Microfluidic Configuration (EZBiofuel). This proposed device is based on enzymatic reactions at the porous surfaces of cathode and anode electrodes, with oxygen and glucose as fuel materials. The innovations in EZBiofuel, its capability to regenerate glucose fuel via the photosynthetic process of cyanobacteria as a backup option for fuel storage, and its controllable output power with pneumatic valves in microfluidic channels will enable the system to prolong its lifetime. The array configuration of lightweight biofuel cells with porous electrodes coated with nanoparticles significantly increases the output power. Consequently, EZBiofuel offers power output in the range 10-1000 mW while weighing no more than 100 g. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate feasibility of the EZBiofuel by developing an initial concept design and modeling for a prototype of less than 100 g to generate power in the range 10 to 1000 mW. In Phase II, POC plans to construct and demonstrate operation of the prototype and evaluate its performance and limitations for several applications. |
| Active Signal Technologies, Inc.
Hammonds South, Unit Q 611 North Hammonds Ferry Road Linthicum Heights, MD 21090 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 636-9350
Keith Bridger OSD 09-EP4 Awarded: 1/13/2010 |
| Title: | Wide Temperature, High Energy Density Capacitors for Power System Conditioning |
| Abstract: | Active Signal Technologies, in collaboration with Novacap and Alfred University, will advance the development of two bismuth sodium titanate (NBT) ceramic materials with very promising dielectric properties across the temperature range -55°C to 300°C. The work will include enhanced formulation variants and improved processing techniques to optimize for permittivity, loss, breakdown voltage and resistivity. NBT-based materials were selected because Type H (the most mature example of the class) has low combined temperature and voltage coefficient resulting in a net capacitance change < 20% across the band from -40°C to +200°C at full voltage stress. At the end of Phase I the team will deliver 3 fully-packaged 1-ìF, 600-V multilayer capacitors of each type produced on standard manufacturing equipment in a production plant. The selected materials represent two different methods of achieving the same goal of very compact, reliable, temperature stable capacitors but with property mixes suitable for quite distinct power conditioning applications. Because ceramic capacitors raise concerns about adverse failure modes, the proposal addresses key issues of reliability with advanced sorting and quality control methods, and capacitor design for graceful degradation. In Phase II nano processing is introduced to reduce intrinsic flaw size and raise breakdown strength. |
| Akron Polymer Systems, Inc.
2990 Gilchrist Road Suite 2100 Akron, OH 44305 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(330) 794-6359
Matthew J. Graham OSD 09-EP4 Awarded: 12/16/2009 |
| Title: | Wide Temperature, High Energy Density Capacitors for Power System Conditioning |
| Abstract: | The goal of this proposal is to fabricate a capacitor with an energy density of at least 4 J/cc that is durable over 10,000 cycles with an operational temperature range of -55 °C to 300 °C. This goal requires that a new thermally stable, high dielectric constant material be developed. It is proposed that such a dielectric layer can be achieved using nano- composites. In particular, high dielectric constant barium titanate (BT) particles will be blended with a soluble proprietary APS polymer with high thermal stability (glass transition temperature (Tg) > 350°C and a thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of at least 500°C) to obtain the targeted thermal and electrical properties. To enhance BT nano- particle dispersion while maintaining the ability to operate at high temperatures, a new POSS based thermally stable compatiblization technique has been developed. The nano- composite will be constructed by blending the dispersed BT nano-particles in a polymer solution. The mixture will be homogenized using a high speed stirrer and the resultant solution will be spun-cast to yield a high performance dielectric composite material. These composites will be evaluated of their thermal and electrical properties to identify promising candidates for use in capacitors. |
| Luna Innovations Incorporated
1 Riverside Circle Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(434) 220-2517
Robert Klein OSD 09-EP4 Awarded: 12/29/2009 |
| Title: | Wide Temperature, High Energy Density Capacitors for Power System Conditioning |
| Abstract: | Advanced electronics and weapons systems in current and future US military systems are placing ever increasing demands on the electric power systems that drive these electronics. These power systems require operation at higher power loads, in more compact designs, and at a reduced weight. Improved wide-temperature capacitors are a key part of the new generation of power systems, as the currently available capacitors do not provide consistent operating parameters and high energy density over a wide temperature range. Luna Innovations proposes to develop metallized polymer nanocomposite film capacitors to provide high energy density over a wide temperature range (-55 to 300 oC). Metallized polymer capacitors have significant advantages over their ceramic, electrolytic, and glass counterparts, including mechanical reliability, high energy density, graceful failure, low-cost materials and processing, and a lack of ferroelectric and piezoelectric transitions. Luna has already demonstrated a polymer nanocomposite with high energy density and reliable dielectric parameters over the range of 25 to 150 oC. In Phase I, Luna will utilize improved materials to achieve the thermal operating range and further improve energy density, work with capacitor manufacturers to ensure economical scale-up in later phases, and develop a prototype capacitor design incorporating the polymer nanocomposite. |
| Nanotrons, Co
12B Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-1200
King Wang OSD 09-EP4 Awarded: 12/2/2009 |
| Title: | Wide Temperature, High Energy Density Capacitors for Power System |
| Abstract: | Nanotrons, in collaboration with the Nanodielectric Group headed by Prof. Lei Zhu at the Case Western Reserve University (Case Western), proposes a novel nano-engineering approach to develop a new category of nano-dielectrics for high energy density capacitor applications. The new approach combines the cutting-edge nanomaterials development and manufacture at Nanotrons and extensive experience in materials design and simulation within Case Western. The proposed nanodielectrics integrate high dielectric constant ceramic nanoparticles, a highly polarizable chemical ligand interphase, and a polyimide matrix with high breakdown strength and wide application temperature range. Our nanocomposites are expected to have a dielectric constant of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of the matrix polymer, breakdown strength of over 200 V/ìm, dielectric loss less than 0.001, and calculated energy storage density of over 30 J/cc. These features are unattainable from the existing materials. Nanotrons also attempts to develop a scaling up process for dielectric material and identify prototype capacitor architecture. This Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. |
| Strategic Polymer Sciences, Inc.
200 Innovation Blvd. Suite 237 State College, PA 16803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-7400
Shihai Zhang OSD 09-EP4 Awarded: 11/9/2009 |
| Title: | Wide Temperature, High Energy Density Capacitors for Power System Conditioning |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop advanced high energy density and low dielectric loss film capacitors with wide operating temperature range of -55 „aC to 300 „aC. The hybrid capacitor film will be developed utilizing the sol-gel process to introduce uniformly dispersed high-K nanoparticles into high-T polymer PBI matrix. The interface interaction |
| TRS Ceramics, Inc.
2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-7485
Seongtae Kwon OSD 09-EP4 Awarded: 11/16/2009 |
| Title: | Wide Temperature, High Energy Density Capacitors for Power Conditioning Systems |
| Abstract: | TRS Technologies, Inc. proposes to develop ceramic capacitors as power conditioning capacitors for electrically driven military weapon systems. The proposed ceramic capacitor will combine some of the best features of high energy density, low dielectric loss, and high temperature stability. The capacitors developed on this program will have energy density >4J/cc, low power dissipation, and a wide working temperature range up to 300¡ÆC. In Phase I, ceramic multilayer capacitors will be fabricated and evaluated. This will include selection of the optimum material from paraelectric and linear dielectric ceramics, design and fabrication of capacitors and evaluation of capacitors such as breakdown strength, energy density and temperature stability. Graceful failure mode will be attempt by designing internal structure for self healing to improve the reliability of multilayer capacitors. |
| Lynntech, Inc.
7610 Eastmark Drive College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 693-0017
Alan Cisar OSD 09-EP6 Awarded: 4/19/2010 |
| Title: | Novel Carbon Dioxide Capture Agents for the Synthesis of Sustainable Hydrocarbon Fuels |
| Abstract: | Advanced energy conversion and storage technology is under intense development to meet the increasing power demand by the military. Consumption of petroleum-based JP-8 fuel for propulsion and for electricity generation in battlefield places a heavy logistic burden to the Army as evidenced during the recent wars. The cost and availability of this conventional energy source is becoming an important factor to the success of the military operations at present and in the future. Taking into account of the fully burdened cost of the petroleum fuel used in theater, and the extra vulnerability rendered by the dependence on this sole energy source, the Army needs to explore the possibility to develop capability to produce liquid hydrocarbon fuel from dilute (~400 ppm) but vastly abundant CO2 and water in the atmosphere anywhere on the globe. This technology, if fully developed, will enable the military to obtain a higher degree of energy security. In this activity, Lynntech is proposing a new class of CO2 binding organic liquids that chemically capture and release CO2 much more efficiently than other capture systems to extract CO2 from the air and use it as chemical feedstock for making liquid hydrocarbon fuel. |
| Aptima, Inc.
12 Gill Street Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 496-2476
Robert McCormack OSD 09-HS1 Awarded: 3/29/2010 |
| Title: | Predicting the Combined Impact of Social and Environmental Models (PreCISE Models) |
| Abstract: | While long-term, global climate change has received the attention and concern of the world’s governments and populations, less consideration has been given to the short- term seasonal and inter-annual changes in climate likely to greatly influence the management of water, food, and energy resources. The Office of the Secretary of Defense and the United States Army Corps of Engineers seek to develop a web-based tool to facilitate planning stability operations based on predictions of climate change. In response, Aptima proposes to develop PreCISE Models, a web-based decision aid that presents the predictions of uniquely-linked models of weather and human social behavior in an intuitive way that will promote planning stability operations. |
| Information International Associates, Inc.
1055 Commerce Park Drive Suite 110 Oak Ridge, TN 37830 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(865) 298-1226
Franciel Azpurua-Linares OSD 09-HS1 Awarded: 3/29/2010 |
| Title: | Weather/Climate Variability Impact on Energy, Water and Food Resources and Implications for Regional Stability |
| Abstract: | Military planners, humanitarian organizations, and international investors face an increasing level of uncertainty regarding geopolitical areas considered critical to their respective interests. Aside from the normal factors impacting geopolitical instability the nature and pace of climate changes being observed today and the consequences projected by the consensus scientific opinion are grave and pose equally grave implications for our national security. IIa and its partner, the University of Tennessee, believe that there is currently a sufficient body of high quality, reliable information in the areas of climate change, cultural/social science, political science and world instability indicators upon which high quality predictions of regional instability can be based. We propose to integrate existing and emerging data mining and knowledge discovery techniques to achieve a leap-ahead solution to this challenge. When developed, this methodology will yield predictions about regional instability that will be of great value to military planners, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and business investors. |
| AFCO Systems Development Inc
150 Broadhollow Rd Melville, NY 11747 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(631) 424-3935
Godfrey Vassallo OSD 09-IA1 Awarded: 11/16/2009 |
| Title: | Real-time Adversarial Characterization and Adaptive Software Protection Countermeasures |
| Abstract: | Rather than continuing to approach cyber security problems in a reactive fashion, ASD proposes to move to a proactive posture; anticipating and eliminating vulnerabilities while also being prepared to effectively and rapidly defend against attacks. Our approach collects data about the attacker as well as the attack, which it processes in real time. The data (observations) is then used by our protection technology to adapt to an on-going attack, while protecting and ensuring the operational integrity of the software under its protection. Our proposed approach contains four elements: • A secure coprocessor base platform that will be extended and enhanced • An adaptation of the OODA loop through a countermeasures autonomous agent • An innovative, optically-based and powered sensor subsystem • A multi-agent computer defense system that is based upon immunological principles |
| Clear Hat Consulting, Inc.
1207 Cole Rd. Orlando, FL 32803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 896-7010
Shawn Embleton OSD 09-IA1 Awarded: 11/12/2009 |
| Title: | Real-time Adversarial Characterization and Adaptive Software Protection Countermeasures |
| Abstract: | This proposal seeks to address the problem of computer system survivability. Survivability can be defined as the capability of a system to fufill its mission in the presence of attacks, failures, or accidents. Properties that increase survivability include resistance to attacks, the recognition of attacks and resulting damage, the recovery of essential services following an attack, and the ability to adapt to minimize the damage from future attacks. In general, the biological immune system performs better at these survivability tasks than current computer security systems. For this reason, we have chosen to look to the biological immune system for inspiration in designing am adaptive cyber attack response mechanism. The final goal of the effort will be an adaptive, light weight, multi-layered response system that intrinsically promotes system survivability. |
| Codebex Inc.
8 Crown Court Gaithersburg, MD 20878 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 470-2498
Ryan Knotts OSD 09-IA1 Awarded: 11/12/2009 |
| Title: | Platform for Real-time Adversarial Characterization and Adaptive Software Protection Countermeasures |
| Abstract: | Cyber threats to information systems and cyber-based critical infrastructure are expanding and evolving in techniques that avoid being detected, altered, and reverse engineered. Traditionally an attacker would utilize known vulnerabilities and leverage commercial or open source tools. The next generation of attackers may carry out more sophisticated attacks such as firmware modifications, BIOS implants, and hardware exploits. These evolving attacks continue to plague systems and networks due to their inability to adapt over time. Most of these systems rely on outdated information, rules, and signatures to detect and stop attacks. Codebex proposes an innovative platform that provides a secure, extensible, and out-of-band system for detecting, adapting, responding to new and more sophisticated attacks. |
| Galois, Inc.
421 SW Sixth Avenue Suite 300 Portland, OR 97204 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(503) 626-6616
Louis Testa OSD 09-IA1 Awarded: 11/16/2009 |
| Title: | Active Defense Against Code Injection Attacks |
| Abstract: | The threat posed by remote cyber attacks has grown every year, with nation state attacks being the hardest to detect and blunt. A common cyber attack method against remote systems is the code injection attack, where the attacker finds flaws in a remote application then forces the application to execute injected code. Code injection attacks can give the attacker unlimited access to the attacked system and thereby an entryway into a secure network. An attacker will often follow this attack by leaving software that will allow for unlimited future access. Code injection attacks can be very difficult to detect, as they often use program flaws not known to the security community. These attacks continue to be developed to get around current defense mechanisms: signature detection and spectrum analysis. A more general approach of identifying and catching these attacks in progress is needed. We propose investigating a code injection attack detector based on abstract interpretation which would catch new types of attacks before they are publicly known. This detector would be combined with an active defense mechanism that could be configured to block the attacks while allowing a security officer to gather information about the attackers'' methods. |
| Smart Information Flow Technologies, d/b/a SIFT
211 N 1st St. Suite 300 Minneapolis, MN 55401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 789-0559
Dan Thomsen OSD 09-IA1 Awarded: 11/10/2009 |
| Title: | GRASP: Global Recognition of Attacker Signatures and Policy Response |
| Abstract: | GRASP integrates three innovative new technologies: application intrusion detection, proactive deception of attackers, and application intrusion response into technology to collect intelligence on the humans behind cyber attacks and adapt the mandatory operating system policy to prevent the intrusion in the future. Once detected, intruders are silently redirected to the secure GRASP Deception Shell, a software decoy. The Deception Shell presents varying sequences of stimuli. The attackers responses reveal information about the human behind the attack, such as what languages they speak, their cultural knowledge, and their attack skills and resources. Using data mining techniques these attacker metrics create attacker signatures that identify or partially identify the attacker. In response to the intrusion GRASP also adapts the low-level security policy to prevent the intrusion in the future, by monitoring and adapting resource accesses. Safety mechanisms are in place to ensure the evolving security policy does not impact legitimate users conducting mission critical tasks. Together the GRASP components provide intelligence and security currently unavailable to critical applications. |
| Assured Information Security, Inc.
245 Hill Road Rome, NY 13441 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 336-3306
Joseph Sharkey OSD 09-IA2 Awarded: 11/10/2009 |
| Title: | Countering Covert Access with SecureCore |
| Abstract: | The x86 architecture’s inherent security model has a very large attack surface due to the fact that a large amount of software runs in a privileged level and has unfettered access to critical system state. Software used for data piracy or exfiltration, stealthy execution, malicious alteration of critical information, or control of network end-nodes takes advantage of this large attack surface to develop increasingly complex covert access methods. Countering such advanced attacks requires equally sophisticated techniques to reduce attack susceptibility and ensure trust. To this end, AIS, Inc. will leverage the SecureCore platform, a current AFRL/RI research program, to provide new capabilities that counter various classes of covert access methods. Using SecureCore to mitigate covert access effectively reduces the attack surface of the system. AIS, Inc. has already demonstrated the capability for SecureCore to prevent a number of specific covert access techniques; this effort will examine the feasibility of extending SecureCore to sufficiently address a wide variety of advanced access methods. These findings will lead to new opportunities to protect our systems from new and emerging threats and will pave the way for transition of the technology into a commercial product. |
| Clear Hat Consulting, Inc.
1207 Cole Rd. Orlando, FL 32803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 896-7010
Sherri Sparks OSD 09-IA2 Awarded: 11/6/2009 |
| Title: | Countermeasures to Covert Access Methods to Reduce Attack Susceptibility and Ensure Trust |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of this project is to develop software and data protection technologies that provide countermeasures to sophisticated covert access methods on critical end node computer systems. We believe that machine learning algorithms can be applied to low level data streams in order to detect and prevent sophisticated, covert attacks against such systems. Machine learning algorithms have been successfully applied to the problem of network based intrusion detection, however, little research has been done toward applying them to other types of intrusive behavior that manifests in lower level non network based data streams. Furthermore, we believe that our approach has the potential to significantly advance the current state of technology for detecting sophisticated covert or intrusive system behavior. Anticipated benefits include a rational method of dealing with the false positive problem that has plagued many prior heuristic detection methods and the development of a generic detection platform applicable to both Operating System Dependent attacks like kernel rootkits and more sophisticated Operating System Independent attacks like SMM / BIOS rootkits. The end goal of this effort will be a unified framework capable of detecting both types of attack. |
| EDAptive Computing, Inc.
1245 Lyons Road Building G Dayton, OH 45458 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 281-0783
Jorge Sanchez OSD 09-IA2 Awarded: 11/9/2009 |
| Title: | Countermeasures to Covert Access Methods to Reduce Attack Susceptibility and Ensure Trust |
| Abstract: | Our proposal specifically addresses the stated requirements of the solicitation; we will develop software and data protection tools to detect and provide countermeasures to sophisticated covert access methods on computer systems. This includes hardware- based attacks which are currently undetectable through software-only approaches. The proposed EDAptive® TrEMBlE solution builds on previous EDAptive Computing, Inc (ECI) knowledge and technology – itself innovative – to provide detection of hardware-assisted attacks, otherwise undetectable through software only approaches. The resulting capabilities will result in a customized PCIe device and co-processor which will monitor traffic between non-trusted devices, detect anomalies, and create decoys for maliciously coded firmware attacks. |
| Pikewerks Corporation
105 A Church Street Madison, AL 35758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 325-0010
Jim Spadaro OSD 09-IA2 Awarded: 11/10/2009 |
| Title: | Countermeasures to Covert Access Methods to Reduce Attack Susceptibility and Ensure Trust |
| Abstract: | The majority of existing computer security products and software development efforts have assumed that the OS kernel, firmware, and low-level subsystems of the underlying computer architecture are trusted entities. However, recent demonstrations of novel and sophisticated attacks on several fundamental components found in standard laptops, desktops, and servers have emphasized that the foundations of trust upon which critical systems are built must be thoroughly re-examined. Pikewerks proposes to address deep- level vulnerabilities within computer systems through the development of a novel proactive monitoring approach for detecting and preventing even the most sophisticated covert access methods from achieving successful exploitation. Our approach seeks to prevent attacks by malicious insiders, intelligence operatives, or other sophisticated saboteurs that subvert core processing capabilities of a computer system by attacking low-level components such as maintenance processor modes (SMM), BIOS modules, hardware-assisted hypervisors, and peripheral firmware. The result of this Phase I effort will be a security design and proof-of-concept implementation that reduces a system’s susceptibility to low-level exploits while also providing high assurance that the fundamental components and devices of the computer system are operating in a trustworthy manner. |
| Sentar, Inc.
315 Wynn Drive Suite 1 Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 430-0860
Al Underbrink OSD 09-IA2 Awarded: 11/10/2009 |
| Title: | Legerdemain: An Illusion-based system to thwart covert access and exfiltration |
| Abstract: | The integration of software and components from multiple sources, the interconnection of systems via the internet, and the rapid pace of change in the computer industry as a whole virtually guarantee the continued emergence of threats to systems and information via new and undetected vulnerability vectors. Moreover, malicious insiders and social engineering can also be involved in cases of covert access, as can access points that must be kept open for normal system operations. Even in cases where software and hardware exist and remediation is possible, vendors often cannot be counted on to provide solutions in a timely manner. Taken together, these factors present an opportunity to attackers, giving them numerous avenues of attack, and consequently, “first move” advantage. There is therefore a need to restore initiative to the legitimate administrators of systems that are vulnerable to attack. Sentar, Inc. and Lockheed Martin have teamed to develop Legerdemain. Legerdemain protection strategies consist of combinations of deceptive techniques that can be either anticipatory or reactive. The Legerdemain approach applies illusionist “sleight of hand” techniques to manipulate both the items to be protected and the protection mechanisms in order to secure CPI against network-based attacks, host-based attacks, and reverse engineering. |
| BlueRISC Inc
28 Dana Street Amherst, MA 01002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(413) 549-0599
Kristopher Carver OSD 09-IA3 Awarded: 11/6/2009 |
| Title: | Software Protection to Fight through an Attack |
| Abstract: | This project proposes the research of an adaptive software-protection technology based on moving critical software components and data in and out-of-band depending on whether an attack is ongoing or not, and its severity. The approach is based on adaptive and gradual increase of the protection, deployed at runtime, by varying the fraction of the execution and data mapped to one or more trusted hardware protection devices (HPDs) during an attack. The proposed solution will considerably improve the security provided by current state-of-the-art software protection solutions and will provide a means for software to remain operational and trustworthy during an attack. |
| Computer Measurement Laboratory, Inc.
128 E Pine Avenue Meridian, ID 83642 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(208) 884-2138
John Munson OSD 09-IA3 Awarded: 11/5/2009 |
| Title: | The Design of Defensive Software Systems |
| Abstract: | CML proposes to extend its current work in dynamic kernel monitoring for attack recognition and mitigation. The focus of this proposal is on mitigating the effects of an attack on executing software process by an individual user. The object of interest is the mapping of the activity of a user of a software system onto a model of their normal use of this software. In the construction of a mathematical model of certified software activity there two distinct sources of variation in the actual execution vocabulary of the software: the variation that is due to the differences between users of the application and the variation with each user in the way that they use the software. In our previous research investigations we have focused on the total variation of activity across all users. To establish a defensive posture for software that is being misused by an authenticated user, we must construct multiple models of normal activity; one for each user. In this new research aspect we will increase the level resolution for software activity to the individual user level. This will, in turn, permit the system to recognize and react to the abnormal activity per individual user. |
| GrammaTech, Inc
317 N. Aurora Street Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 273-7340
Alexey Loginov OSD 09-IA3 Awarded: 11/9/2009 |
| Title: | Software Protection to Fight through an Attack |
| Abstract: | New vulnerabilities and attacks on software applications and the underlying systems are discovered daily. Most security research focuses on detection of attacks--typically, by monitoring the execution of an application and detecting anomalous behavior. Little attention has been paid to how an application should respond to an attack. Generally, it is assumed that the application under attack is terminated and, possibly, restarted. While such a response eliminates the threat of being compromised, it is not appropriate for many types of systems: for safety-critical systems, systems that must remain operational for long periods of time, and systems that use persistent data (such as file systems and databases), rebooting to restore a safe state (even when an attack is detected) is often not an option. We propose a tool that will allow applications to recover from attacks and remain operational. The tool will monitor the execution of a program and, once an attack is detected, will repair the application’s run-time state corrupted by the attack to keep the application operational. As a separate once-per-application task performed offline, the tool will use a combination of advanced dynamic and static program-analysis techniques to learn the invariants necessary for repairing the application’s run-time state. |
| Pikewerks Corporation
105 A Church Street Madison, AL 35758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 325-0010
Cody Buntain OSD 09-IA3 Awarded: 11/5/2009 |
| Title: | Deception Studio: Attacker Characterization and Dynamic Relocation |
| Abstract: | One of the most significant weaknesses that faces modern software protection solutions is the reliance on static policies and rule sets that are established based on “known” attack methods at the time of development. In reality, attacks are not static; they adapt over time, and evolve to defeat protections as they are made public. Pikewerks proposes to address both of these weaknesses by developing a system, referred to as Deception Studio that characterizes and appropriately reacts to attackers in real-time. As has been successfully implemented in traditional warfare, it will strive to shape the attacker’s perception, and create an illusion capable of manipulating their planning process. This concept is based on the combat operations process defined by John Boyd referred to as Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (OODA). Deception Studio will characterize the attack, and tailor defenses based on what is observed. |
| Zephyr Software LLC
2040 Tremont Rd Charlottesville, VA 22911 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(434) 974-1356
Clark L. Coleman OSD 09-IA3 Awarded: 11/6/2009 |
| Title: | Lightweight Virtualization to Detect, React, and Adapt to Cyber Attacks |
| Abstract: | Many software defenses against reverse engineering, piracy, and tampering rely on disabling the software when such attacks are detected. The proposed research makes innovative use of proces-level software virtualization on a per-application basis to defeat such attacks without disabling the software. The virtualization technology keeps normal operational run time overhead low, invoking more expensive graded responses only after an attack is initially detected and defeated. The graded responses will be powerful enough to cope with determined nation-state attackers possessing powerful attack resources. The defenses can be thought of as a control system, in which sensors detect attacks and actuators provide graded responses to attacks. The architecture of the defensive system is extensible, permitting further research and development to add new sensors for additional attack classes of concern to the defense community (e.g. back doors and implanted Trojan horses). |
| AVIRTEK, INC
1236 E. Grant Rd Tucson, AZ 85719 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(248) 312-9550
Tejaswini Chadaga OSD 09-IA4 Awarded: 11/6/2009 |
| Title: | Autonomic Knowledge Representation Construction for Software Protection Systems |
| Abstract: | The increased complexity, scale and capabilities of current software elements make current security tools and technologies incapable to protect software against attacks. It also makes it very hard to proactively detect their vulnerabilities that might be exploited by attackers. Our focus will be to investigate and study the construction of a near human knowledge representation of the state of a system that is running an application of interest, in order to protect that application from reverse engineering and tampering attacks. The underlying assumption here is that through continuously monitoring a correct and sufficient set of applications, system resources, and communications metrics, the AKRCSPS will be able to determine any hostile behavior. Once the hostile behavior is detected and characterized, the AKRCSPS will plan what reaction is to be taken to perform protection and countermeasure actions. Furthermore, through the use of autonomous agents, we can destroy the ability of the attacker in launching attacks against our system. The capabilities that will be developed in Phase I of this project will be critical to construct the autonomic representation knowledge about the software’s state and defend against software attacks to achieve superiority for current and future software protection system. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Catherine D. Call OSD 09-IA4 Awarded: 11/24/2009 |
| Title: | Software Protection through Autonomic Representation of Knowledge (SPARK) |
| Abstract: | Cyberspace is a war-fighting domain, and cyber warfare poses a real and significant threat to the security of the United States. Today’s nation-state-class attacks target critical software applications and intellectual property via acts of piracy, theft, and reverse engineering. They are increasingly difficult to differentiate from normal operations and often take advantage of users’ trust in a system’s operating environment, hardware, memory, I/O, and other attack vectors. To counter such novel attacks, software protection systems must move beyond traditional and defeatable solutions that rely on signatures and integrity checks. Such protection systems must provide a near-human ability to derive meaning and draw quantitative conclusions from system event data and must adopt a machine learning approach to improve their ability to detect, prevent and remediate novel attacks with experience. To meet these requirements, we propose to develop a Software Protection through Autonomic Knowledge Representation (SPARK) system to provide human-assisted knowledge construction and machine learning within an otherwise autonomic attack detection and software protection system. Key features of our system include the use of multiple modeling techniques to ensure a “best fit” to the underlying state, events and run-time context and a natural language processing-based approach to knowledge construction and representation. |
| Cybernet Systems Corporation
727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-2567
Chris Lomont OSD 09-IA4 Awarded: 11/6/2009 |
| Title: | Autonomic Knowledge Representation Construction for Software Protection Systems |
| Abstract: | Leveraging our current thrust of research into novel modes of computer, this project will focus on characterizing the state of the system using low-level descriptors abstracted with machine learning and processed to identify normal operation from varying levels of suspicious behavior. With this, we will be able to thwart novel attacks, providing a needed and novel security capability. |
| Intelligent Automation, Inc.
15400 Calhoun Drive Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 294-5255
Wilbur Peng OSD 09-IA4 Awarded: 11/18/2009 |
| Title: | Extracting and Representing Knowledge for Software Protection Systems |
| Abstract: | The key innovation of our proposed approach is an extensible pluggable framework for the creation of knowledge-based, autonomic host-based software protection systems. The architecture will consist of an integrated knowledge representation approach across and within abstraction levels. It enables the autonomic system to map from low level concepts (events, logs) to high level concepts and incorporate human knowledge about the operational environment and domain. It will enable the integration of disparate models of the software system, including both static analysis and runtime observation. Pluggable elements within the architecture include filters, preprocessors and log analyzers, clustering, data mining and trace analysis frameworks, and pluggable dependencies and behavior patterns analysis and visualization approaches. The approach will use both static analysis of software code as well as stored software application profiles to characterize baseline and anomalous application state. Outputs of the system include human understandable representations and visualizations of anomaly types, detected event patterns and classifier outputs. |
| WebWise Security, Inc.
Building B, Suite #227 5266 Hollister Avenue Santa Barbara, CA 93111 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 696-6910
Giovanni Vigna OSD 09-IA4 Awarded: 11/9/2009 |
| Title: | Autonomic Knowledge Representation Construction for Software Protection Systems |
| Abstract: | Applications that are deployed using the web or that are based on web services are becoming more common and sophisticated, handling confidential and sensitive information, such as health records, credit card data, and social security numbers. Unfortunately, the wide accessibility of these applications, the critical nature of the data they handle, and the frequent lack of effective security mechanisms in their implementation have made these applications and services the favorite targets of attackers, who are looking for monetary gain or intelligence. We propose to develop an autonomic protection system based on machine learning techniques that builds a knowledge base associated with web applications and services and leverages this information to protect the modeled applications/services from novel attacks. In addition, the proposed system implements a model-driven request routing system that allows for the dispatching of possibly-malicious requests to versions of the web application/service that contain sanitized version of sensitive information. The resulting system will be able to automatically reconfigure the processing of requests so that both the impact of an attack and the consequences of a false positive are minimized. |
| Charles River Analytics Inc.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Curt Wu OSD 09-IA5 Awarded: 11/17/2009 |
| Title: | Cyber Situational Awareness Service and Software Development Kit (CSASS) |
| Abstract: | Cyber warfare tactics can covertly turn our forces’ technological strength into an operational weakness. While much of the attention in both the military and commercial cyber security communities is on abrupt and blunt attacks on the network, the most insidious cyber threat to our forces are subtle and persistent attacks leading to compromised databases, processing algorithms, and displays. All warfighters must be given a tool to identify these subtle cyber attacks, to understand the effects these attack may have on decision-making, and to continue the fight in spite of such an attack. To address these needs, we propose to design and demonstrate a Cyber Situational Awareness Service and Software Development Kit (CSASS) that monitors, assesses, and communicates enterprise health information to support real-time warfighter decision- making. To accomplish this, we will identify a scenario to perform a work-centered evaluation of the implication of enterprise health on warfighter situational awareness and establish a supporting domain ontology. Also, we will design a monitoring engine built on stream processing technology which will listen for system interactions to feed a networked intelligent agent architecture that will provide continuous, real-time assessment of unfolding complex cyber behaviors to the warfighter. |
| Knowledge Based Systems, Inc.
1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 260-5274
Ronald Fernandes OSD 09-IA5 Awarded: 11/17/2009 |
| Title: | Cyber Network Attack and Intrusion Detection and Recovery Environment (CYANIDE) |
| Abstract: | Knowledge Based Systems, Inc. (KBSI) proposes to develop Cyber Network Attack and Intrusion Detection and Recovery Environment (CYANIDE), a customizable environment for developing, testing and deploying sensing and monitoring technology for centralized and distributed cyber attacks on a wide range of information and sensor networks. CYANIDE is an intrusion detection and recovery experimentation framework that emulates behaviors of host cyber networks as well as attack processes and intrusion detection techniques. It is intended for new cyber network infrastructure such as semantic web enablement based sensor webs, grid and cloud networks, mobile ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks. Because classical signature-based and anomaly detection based techniques are ineffective in such networks, KBSI will investigate new graph- based intrusion detection techniques on the CYANIDE platform. |
| Pikewerks Corporation
105 A Church Street Madison, AL 35758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 325-0010
Erik Lotspeich OSD 09-IA5 Awarded: 11/19/2009 |
| Title: | Data Aggregation and Visualization Environment |
| Abstract: | The rapid increase in diverse and interconnected Information Technology (IT) applications necessitates software solutions that can simultaneously provide cyber situation awareness and real-time status of health of the networked environment. There is a pressing need to aggregate and consolidate information from mission-critical systems and sensors. A unified means of visualization abstracts low-level details so that decisions can be made with confidence – an operator must be able to trust the management console; this is especially true during an attack or failure of infrastructure or sensors when the ability to “fight through” the attack requires continued management of the infrastructure and interpretation of the collected data. Pikewerks will develop a Data Aggregation and Visualization Environment (DAVE) for portraying situation awareness and overall enterprise health within a cyber network. DAVE will be platform independent, support multiple domains and provide an interface for distributed plugins. The distributed plugins will be used for data processing, collection, and dispatching agents for situation awareness, healing and new sensor types. |
| Real-Time Innovations
385 Moffett Park Drive, Suite 115 Sunnyvale, CA 94089 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 990-7439
Ariel Salomon OSD 09-IA5 Awarded: 11/20/2009 |
| Title: | Developing Cyber Situation Awareness for Enterprise Health |
| Abstract: | To ensure survival, next-generation networks in defense enterprise systems must monitor the health of each component, detect failures and anomalies, and fight through attacks. Currently-deployed intrusion detection systems (IDS) and network monitoring tools cannot provide the complete view and seamless access required to understand and react quickly. Real-Time Innovations (RTI) will develop a distributed framework that can collect status from an ISR or enterprise network, integrate the information into a common picture, and deliver the data for analysis fast enough to respond decisively. The framework will integrate the most proven commercial and open-source sensors and probes. Data-Distribution Service (DDS) standard-compliant middleware will provide portable, interoperable, real-time data delivery. Operators and analysis servers will then simply subscribe to this data, learn the schema, and perform analysis, aggregation, or recording. RTI has extensive experience with sensor fusion, defense networks, visualization, and supporting TRL 8/9 technology in mission-critical applications. We will collaborate with Prime and Government partners to validate our architectural design for applicability in complex military systems. This research will build an open, extensible infrastructure for collecting, visualizing, analyzing, and reacting to health information in real-time. Dynamic, real-time Situational Awareness (SA) will increase network reliability and agility during offensive and defensive cyber conflict. |
| Zel Technologies, LLC
54 Old Hampton Lane Hampton, VA 23669 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 722-5565
James K. Williams OSD 09-IA5 Awarded: 11/6/2009 |
| Title: | Developing Cyber Situation Awareness for Enterprise Health |
| Abstract: | Zel Technologies will provide a feasibility report and demonstrate a proof-of-concept Enterprise Health and Situation Awareness (EHSA) prototype for mission-oriented network situation awareness and enterprise health. We will extend our existing automated Course of Action (COA) Modeler (ACAM) with two emerging technological enablers in this effort: security metrics (SM) and visual analytics (VA). We enhance results from traditional sensors and conventional situation assessment solutions for network operations with new sensors and ambiguity resolution. ACAM enables anticipatory and predictive awareness at enterprise and enclave levels. Our concept includes a unique data mining capability for unifying data from multiple sources and indicating possible new observables from ontology changes detected in the data itself. Automated ontology creation integrates observations from existing and emerging sensors and sensor webs, and offers the capability of creating new sensors compatible with a distributed semantic sensor web. Human understanding is aided by advanced VA techniques for knowledge representation that provide 2D, 3D, and non-traditional displays with interactive levels of detail. Combined information supports visualization displays for distributed cooperative decision makers to determine the effects of network cyber attacks on the mission and organization. The prototype will provide the information and capability for autonomic and man-in-the-loop responses. |
| Daniel H. Wagner, Associates, Incorporated
40 Lloyd Avenue Suite 200 Malvern, PA 19355 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 727-7700
W. Reynolds Monach OSD 09-SP2 Awarded: 1/4/2010 |
| Title: | Context Management Architecture for Tactical Environments |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR project will focus on the design of intelligent information management techniques across large-scale enterprises, with special emphasis on the needs of the Department of Defense (DoD), but with applicability to a wide array of government and commercial applications. Building on research and development in the areas of knowledge representation, distributed databases, information flow optimization and intelligent compression, and multi-agent systems, we will design a robust Context Management Architecture (CMA) to provide end-users with operationally relevant information from the continually growing number of networked data sources (e.g., distributed sensors, online databases, decision support systems). The CMA will provide efficient and effective information management for distributed applications by maintaining conversations among nodes based on varying levels of domain content awareness, while abstracting the underlying data sources into a virtual data store. If awarded, Phase II will lead to a prototype implementation of the CMA, with special emphasis on an identified Phase III transition target (e.g., a DoD program of record), but with extensibility to other government and commercial enterprises. |
| Kitenga Co.
2195 Tahoe Circle Tracy, CA 95376 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(209) 834-1270
Mark Davis OSD 09-SP2 Awarded: 1/4/2010 |
| Title: | ZettaMeta: Metadata Management Using Distributed Semantic Data Adapters |
| Abstract: | The future of net-centric DoD operations is a future characterized by massive data management problems and information overload. Existing tools and capabilities are incapable of handling the huge bandwidth and analysis needs of structured data, metadata, semantic content, and unstructured information resources. Kitenga Co., as part of our ZettaVox cloud and cluster content mining product line, proposes to develop a novel distributed metadata management architecture capable of handling complex arrangements of semantic web, text and structured data for cloud-scale analysis problems. The proposed system, ZettaMeta, will support the application, use and reuse of DoD standardized metadata like DDMS across heterogeneous computing architectures through an advanced adapter system that is hardened against failures and uses dynamic knowledge interchange to accelerate queries and discovery over disparate resources. |
| VIStology, Inc
5 Mountainview Drive Framingham, MA 01701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 788-5088
Christopher J. Matheus OSD 09-SP2 Awarded: 1/4/2010 |
| Title: | High-performance, Large Scale Data Handling in Tactical Environments |
| Abstract: | In a competitive, dynamic, resource-scarce, and frequently hostile external environment as well as in a complex, diversified, and large internal system, it is increasingly important for organizations to react as quickly and precisely as possible to new and continuously growing challenges. Large organization and the government, in general, and the Department of Defense, in particular, are facing increasing levels of information sharing, exchange, and collaboration coupled with the necessity to maintain high levels of interoperability along with security, trust, integrity, efficiency, consistency, etc. Much progress has been made in recent years towards defining standards that enable improved information sharing and interoperability. New, especially XML based, standards (e.g. SOA) enable disparate systems to communicate with one another. These technologies also enable discovery of services through the use of metadata and related techniques. In this work we propose to take a further step and use ontologies (e.g. OWL based JC3IEDM) to provide semantically-sound techniques for better implementation of information management functions. This will provide the basis for a truly dynamic interoperability that will allow heterogeneous systems to reuse and leverage their capabilities without dramatic changes to their individual structures. |
| ObjectVideo
11600 Sunrise Valley Drive Suite # 290 Reston, VA 20191 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 654-9300
Mun Wai Lee OSD 09-SP3 Awarded: 1/7/2010 |
| Title: | Automated Scene Understanding |
| Abstract: | Automatic visual content extraction and scene understanding is an enabling technology for video surveillance, situational awareness, and force protection applications. High-level scene comprehension requires a deep understanding of objects, scene elements and their inter-relations. Current systems lack a general visual knowledge framework and efficient computational algorithms for detecting large number of object categories. We propose to develop video inference algorithms and a modular architecture for scene understanding based on the computational framework of And-Or graph. Various image inference modules can be easily integrated to the framework through an API for scene understanding. The architecture should also support the input of user-provided context to improve inference. Leveraging earlier work on semantic annotation, we will develop algorithms to infer complex relationships between scene entities. Plain text reports of the scene will be automatically generated to describe these relationships, contextual information, as well as events of interest. To achieve high compression rate for bandwidth-constraint applications, the text description are used to synthesize image and video to provide a representative rendering of the scene and events. In addition, we propose a method for indexing hierarchical data as well as a scalable framework for searching large imagery dataset. |
| SET Associates Corporation
1005 N. Glebe Rd. Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(240) 965-9966
Qinfen Zheng OSD 09-SP3 Awarded: 1/7/2010 |
| Title: | Automated Scene Understanding: Recognizing Function from Form and Motion |
| Abstract: | Recognition of objects and their relationships is a critical part of automatic scene understanding. Scene understanding based on object appearance alone is not sufficient as the functions of a facility change over time, especially in areas of ongoing conflicts. However, almost all surveillance imagery contains vehicular and human activities. By monitoring the activities of vehicles and dismounts, we can better recognize the true functions of buildings, vehicles, and facilities, and hence understand the scene more accurately. SET Corporation proposes to develop a scene monitoring and event recognition toolbox for activity and facility recognition through functional interpretation. We will start with detection and tracking of all moving vehicles and humans, recognize the activities that humans and vehicles are involved with, and finally determine the nature of the facilities with which humans are interacting. If successful this novel approach will constitute a fundamental advance in video understanding, with applications in reconnaissance and surveillance for counter-terrorism and counter-insurgent operations. |
| UtopiaCompression, Corporation
11150 W. Olympic Blvd. Suite 680 Los Angeles, CA 90064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 473-1500
Hieu T Nguyen OSD 09-SP3 Awarded: 1/14/2010 |
| Title: | An Automated Visual Knowledge Discovering (VKD) System |
| Abstract: | As imagery sensing is among the essential capabilities in the future combat systems, the anticipated dynamics of the future battlespace will require a greatly increased level of automation in analysis and processing of imagery data. Most of the image analysis tasks including indexing and retrieval need or would benefit from a full explanation of the scene, consisting of the locations and scales of detected objects and their relationships to one another. For many DoD data, however, there are challenges to achieving this capability, including the large variability in scene configuration and object attributes, and the difficulty in incorporating geometric constraints between objects. UtopiaCompression Corp. (UC) proposes a novel Visual Knowledge Discovery (VKD) technology that can affectively address these issues. The system performs automated scene analysis, inference, and annotation using a novel hierarchical and contextual image model. The model provides a full explanation of the scene including the scene hierarchy and the relationship between objects, and is capable of representing a variety of scenarios with large variability in scene structure and number of objects. The proposed technology will significantly enhance the capabilities of the DoD in annotation, indexing, and knowledge mining of large image databases. |
| Fetch Technologies
841 Apollo Street Suite 400 El Segundo, CA 90245 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 414-9849
Greg Barish OSD 09-SP7 Awarded: 1/5/2010 |
| Title: | Novel Distributed Processing Environments |
| Abstract: | Abstract |
| Prism Informatix, LLC
5310 N Camino Sumo Tucson, AZ 85718 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 991-8381
John W. Wissinger OSD 09-SP7 Awarded: 1/7/2010 |
| Title: | Rigorous Framework for Distributed Processing with Dynamic Stochastic Information |
| Abstract: | The vast and ever-increasing amount of networked information available creates a growing need for information processing systems that distribute decision making rather than centralize data. But distributed decision systems are notoriously hard to analyze. One reason is that the complexity of the design process encourages the use of ad-hoc methods, so it can easily become impossible to say how well a system actually performs vs. the best that could be done. Prism Informatix proposes to address the need for an optimal framework by extending the rigorous and established theory of distributed hypothesis testing networks. The basic framework has aroused considerable interest because it provides an optimal, analytically tractable, and highly intuitive approach to modeling distributed cooperative (team) decision making under uncertainty. To develop the theory into a practical information processing framework, we modify and extend it to handle real-world stochastic information dynamics, but in a manner that preserves the mathematical structure necessary to support analysis. We implement the new framework in a computational testbed where instrumented analysis studies allow its feasibility to be established. |
| Sharpe Engineering Inc.
3 Copper Lane PO Box 5310 Mount Crested Butte, CO 81225 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(970) 349-0442
Jim Sharpe OSD 09-SP7 Awarded: 1/4/2010 |
| Title: | Novel Distributed Processing Environments |
| Abstract: | DoD data processing requirements are dramatically evolving. Dataset size and variety are rapidly increasing, as are the speed at which the data is generated and the need for faster response times. However, the problem is more than simply having to deal with data size or speed of arrival. Rapidly evolving problem spaces and requirements mean that the processing and analysis solutions also must be quicker to develop and more agile. This proposal introduces a high-speed, cloud-native analysis framework based on a standard set of analytical components, which is capable of addressing a wide variety of data shaping, discovery, and situational awareness problems. Our technical approach applies a hybrid hierarchical reasoning framework via a standard set of analytical elements to extend a stream-based execution platform enabling the rapid production and evolution of solutions to complex analysis problems. A key aspect of the proposed technology is tailoring the individual analysis components for high throughput as well as horizontal scalability. The functional depth is built through the aggregation of many atomic processing components as opposed to fewer more complex modules and the stream- based runtime environment will support on-the-fly changes to live operational analysis networks to adapt rapidly to evolving problem spaces. |