Navy - Air Force - DARPA - BMDO - DTRA - SOCOM - CBD - NIMA |
| ASCA, INC.
704 Silver Spur Road, Ste. 200 Rolling Hills Est, CA 90274 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 265-1690
Michael Yau NAVY 00-001 |
| Title: | Extending the Dynamic Flowgraph Methodology (DFM) for Automated FMECA and Diagnostic/Prognostic Requirements Optimization Analysis |
| Abstract: | This innovation proposes the development of a technical tool for automated FMECA and diagnostic/prognostic requirement optimization analysis of system designs and implementations. This tool will fill a void that is currently not addressed by any analytical techniques, where the FMECA and design optimization processes are closely integrated with the design/development cycle. FMECA results are fed into an automated optimization analysis. A graphical model of the system is developed and analyzed by means of a formal logic analysis technique called the Dynamic Flowgraph Methodology, which is capable of identifying a desirable mixture of diagnostic/prognostic capability to mitigate the effects of the critical failure modes found in the FMECAs. This innovation has high technical value and commercialization potential, as there is a widespread requirement and use of FMECA in the government and in the commercial sector. |
| HOOD TECHNOLOGY CORP.
1750 Country Club Road Hood River, OR 97031 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(541) 387-2288
Andreas H. von Flotow NAVY 00-001 |
| Title: | Advanced Failure Modes and Effect Criticality Analysis (FMECA) Models that Accurately and Quickly Identify Optimum Levels of Prognostic Requirements |
| Abstract: | To develop and demonstrate an accurate and easy to use advanced FMECA modeling capability that would allow timely optimization of various aircraft subsystems. There is a need to improve and streamline the requirements definition process for diagnostic, prognostic, and health management. This should be possible in early conceptual and design stages. An advanced FMECA model can be used to identify the optimum mixture of diagnostic, prognostic, and health management capabilities. This capability would be used to aid in making the necessary trade-offs in order to define the optimum final system design. This analytical tool will be used in the development of any complex engineering system. In particular, commercial manufacturers of fixed-wing or rotor wing craft aircraft could utilize the tool to specify diagnostic, prognostic, and health management capabilities in their design. Such a tool may also be applied in non-military (offshore, civilian aircraft, marine and mining) fields. In addition it will promote application of failure analysis in other industries which currently are unable to do it due to lack of know how and financial resources. |
| IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
125 Tech Park Drive Rochester, NY 14623 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 424-1990
Michael J. Roemer NAVY 00-001 |
| Title: | Advanced FMECA to Identify Optimum Diagnostic and Prognostics Requirements |
| Abstract: | Impact Technologies in cooperation with the Applied Research Laboratory (ARL) at Penn State University propose the development, implementation and validation of an advanced FMECA modeling capability that can provide optimized health monitoring system requirements for existing or new acquisition Naval aircraft systems. The integrated FMECA modeling approach and specific optimization algorithms utilize a combination of conventional FMECA results, health management system strategies, maintenance/inspection scenarios, and metrics from various diagnostic/prognostic technologies to optimize the sensory, diagnostic, and prognostic system needs in terms of mitigating the FMECA identified failure modes. The proposed program will utilize advanced system optimization and evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithms to seek out the best health management system configurations and capabilities based on a corresponding set of "cost" or "fitness" functions that accurately represent the key system variables. Key variables such as reliability, complexity, cost, risk and sensitivity of the sensor systems, diagnostic/prognostic technologies and maintenance/inspection strategies will be addressed by this function. Hence, the effort shall be capable of identifying and ranking candidate aircraft subsystem health management system requirements, through an exhaustive search of a potentially enormous solution space considering the multitude of potential sensor, diagnostic, prognostic and maintenance technologies. Finally, this hierarchical FMECA modeling capability and health management system optimization process will be developed in an open systems architecture and demonstrated on a Naval aircraft subsystem. The advanced FMECA integrated model will be capable optimizing the health monitoring system requirements so that critical Naval system failures and high cost operation can be avoided. Costly inspection routines and premature component replacements can also be avoided. Substantial safety and cost benefits are projected if the optimal application of LRU diagnostic and prognostic techniques is realized, and it could thus provide the potential to make the correct life cycle choices during the acquisition process. Commercial applications for the FMECA modeling approach can be realized on any machinery health monitoring application in the electrical generation industries, chemical processing industries, commercial aviation as well as gas transmission and oil industries. |
| ANALYTICAL SERVICES & MATERIALS, INC.
107 Research Drive Hampton, VA 23666 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 865-7093
Durga P. Beesabathina NAVY 00-002 |
| Title: | Thin and Effective Erosion Resistant Coating for Compressor Impellers |
| Abstract: | Blades, vanes, and impellers in gas turbine compressors operate in dusty environments and are prone to degradation by solid particle erosion. Erosion of the impeller blades can lead to potentially catastrophic compressor failure. We propose a thin ceramic-metal composite (cermet) coating based on a sol-gel process that is designed to combat erosion effectively. The proposed coating process is simple, inexpensive, and does not use materials that are hazardous to the environment. The coating consists of metallic particles bound together, and to the substrate, via a ceramic matrix. The ductile phase provides erosion protection at higher impingement angles and the ceramic phase provides protection at lower impingement angles. By varying the type and concentration of powders in the sol, coatings with the desired erosion properties can be prepared. The thinness and smoothness of the coatings ensures that the fatigue properties are not undermined by the coating. During Phase I, erosion and high cycle fatigue resistance of the proposed coating will be evaluated on Ti-6Al-4V at ambient temperature. Phase II studies will include erosion and fatigue evaluation of the coatings in various simulated service conditions and tests on actual turbine engine components. The most promising coatings will be patented and licensed as protected technology for commercial use in Phase III. Helicopters, vertical/short take-off and landing aircraft, fighter jets, airlines and power plant turbine engines will benefit from the effective and economical protection afforded by the proposed coatings. Moving mechanical assemblies (MMAs) used in spacecraft and diesel engines will equally benefit from the hard and tough coatings developed in this proposal. Some of MMAs include bearings, gears, cams, bushings, seals, valves, nozzles, and pistons. |
| SURFACE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1940 Elk River Dam Road, P.O. Box 907 Tullahoma, TN 37388 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(931) 461-5900
Michael A. Riley NAVY 00-002 |
| Title: | Electro-Spark Alloying Coatings for Erosion Resistant Impellers |
| Abstract: | Shaft-driven impeller technology is a critical component in a wide range of military and commercial equipment. The high-velocity impingement of dirt and debris, and their subsequent wear effect on the impeller have been documented not only on the V-22 Osprey, but other flight systems and military ground vehicles. The uniquely high RPMs associated with this titanium impeller design make it particularly susceptible to high wear. Due to the extraordinarily high impact velocities of particles on the titanium, most conventional coatings, typically mechanically bound to the substrate, will not provide protection to extend the life of the component. However, an emerging process, electro-spark alloying (ESA), is capable of imparting a high hardness surface of only a few thousandths of an inch which will offer full metallurgical bonding to the substrate with little or no heat-affected-zone (HAZ) typical of most coating processes. ESA also provides a nano-grained surface with enhanced wear properties over their larger-grained counterparts. The proposed effort will model the particle impact to assess coating design parameters, perform coupon level coating studies, and simulate the wear environment via high-velocity particle impingement tests. Successful candidates will proceed to Phase II development. Optimized ESA surfaces will provide the additional life necessary for the V-22 to meet its mission-related life-cycle goals. This development will readily transfer to a wide range of wear/impact applications such as: other military and commercial impellers, lawnmower blades, cutting tools, nozzles, etc. |
| SURMET CORP.
33 B Street Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 272-3250
Prashant Karandikar NAVY 00-002 |
| Title: | Compressor Impeller Erosion Resistant Surface Treatment |
| Abstract: | Shaft driven compressors (SDCs) are used on aircraft for a variety of functions. Although air intakes for these compressors are equipped with particle separators, in dusty environments/storms, the separators are overtaxed and unable to completely remove dust particles leading to rapid erosion of impellers. This can lead to loss of function of critical components and potentially catastrophic system failure. Surmet proposes innovative conformal coatings for imparting high erosion resistance to the impellers. Preliminary erosion tests indicate high potential of these coatings for providing erosion resistance. In Phase I, Surmet will demonstrate feasibility of achieving high erosion resistance via fabrication of coated coupons and extensive microstructural, mechanical and erosion characterization. Surmet has teamed up with a major aircraft manufacturer to demonstrate applicability of the coating to a prototype component in Phase I Option. In Phase II, the coating technology will be optimized through coating and system level characterization of a large number of components. A Phase III commercialization plan will be developed for rapid insertion of the technology in operating aircraft. Shaft driven compressors (SDCs) are used in a variety of military and commercial aircraft. Development of erosion resistant coatings for SDCs will prevent rapid erosion and catastrophic system failure in dusty environments, prolonging component life and reducing life cycle costs. Erosion resistant coatings will also have application in commercial equipment such as pumps, compressors, energy generation equipment (erosive effluents), mining equipment, etc. |
| SIMWRIGHT, INC.
348 Miracle Strip Parkway, SW, Suite 30 Ft. Walton Beach, FL 32548 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(850) 244-3316
Kerry D. Christopher NAVY 00-003 |
| Title: | Auto-correlation of Elevation Data from Digital Stereo Imagery |
| Abstract: | The PMA 281 (Cruise Missile Command and Control) program requires a method of producing a DED (Digital Elevation Dataset) that is consistent with Precision Terrain Aided Navigation (PTAN, also known as ITAG) requirements. Our team has significant expertise and background knowledge of the ITAG guidance concept, HIDRA sensor phenomenology, and Digital Elevation data generation by exploiting the stereoscopic Digital Point Positioning Database (DPPDB). We bring these talents together to solve the specific requirement of producing an elevation map consistent with the deployment of an ITAG (Inertial Terrain-Aided Guidance) fitted guidance package used in a cruise-missile scenario as an upgrade to the Tomohawk munition. This technology will benefit the PMA 281 (Cruise Missile Command and Control) program by developing a method for producing a DED (Digital Elevation Dataset) that is consistent with Precision Terrain Aided Navigation (PTAN, also known as ITAG) requirements. Our team has significant expertise and background knowledge of the ITAG guidance concept, HIDRA sensor phenomenology, and Digital Elevation data generation by exploiting the stereoscopic Digital Point Positioning Database (DPPDB). We bring these talents together to solve the specific requirement of producing an elevation map consistent with the deployment of an ITAG (Inertial Terrain-Aided Guidance) fitted guidance package used in a cruise-missile scenario as an upgrade to the Tomohawk munition. |
| THE FRISCHER-DAMBRA CORP.
3800 N. Fairfax Drive, Ste. 1803 Arlington, VA 22203 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 682-3304
Matthew Heric NAVY 00-003 |
| Title: | Auto-correlation of Elevation Data from Digital Stereo Imagery |
| Abstract: | Relative to the stated US Navy interests in auto-correlation of elevation data for support to the Cruise Missile Command and Control (PMA 281), our technical objectives offer a linear analytical approach to this SBIR. Our first objective is to conduct an operational requirements analysis to define the operating environment of the digital correlation solution and its interfaces to source data and target systems. Next, we will investigate the specific functional requirements that define the processes that must exist within the solution. Third, we will examine the performance requirements to include such variables as timing, output quality of the solution, impacts upon digital correlation results, estimation of improvement gains in minimizing interactive editing, and accuracy requirements. Fourth, we will investigate the PTAN requirements that will affect the output of the DEM required for the reference map. Finally, we will analyze the optimal digital correlation approaches as defined by the prior tasks. Under a planned Phase I Option, we will also focus on the architectural design for Phase II prototyping, and conduct a market survey quantifying the potential success of a related fielded product. A number of opportunities for a digital correlation solution exist in the marketplace. The most promising involves providing solutions to commercial satellite systems vendors and their value-added resellers and product generation partners for sale and resale. Also, remote sensing/GIS vendors should be receptive to reselling a solution as an add-on or replacement of their existing digital correlation capabilities. Lastly, DoD, intelligence, and defense mapping agencies worldwide are potential customers of bulk sales of the solution. During both Phase I (Option) and Phase II, research into all logical marketplaces will be performed to finalize anticipated revenue levels and per unit pricing. We believe at this point that the market value for the solution will be in the $7,500-$10,000/copy range, with embedded versions resold by partners for roughly 30-50% off standalone pricing. |
| MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, INC.
6022 Constitution Avenue NE Albuquerque, NM 87110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 255-8611
Kenneth Blemel NAVY 00-004 |
| Title: | A Device for In-Situ Evaluation of Vehicle Wiring Systems |
| Abstract: | Aircraft system wiring has become a primary concern for aircraft safety. The Air Force has identified aging wiring as a cause of aircraft fires and is a major driver of ownership costs. This proposal will explore making a passive Sentient Wiring Connector (SWC) that will instrument wiring in aging aircraft. The low cost, multi-sensory SWC has significant advantages over labor intensive and expensive ground based systems. The SWC can save millions of dollars in operations and support costs over the remaining life of the aircraft. The SWC will process data from multiple sensors into information used for detection of signs of aging. The SWC can be inserted into the wiring itself to check for wiring continuity, breaks in electromagnetic shielding, water in harnesses, cocked connectors, and corrosion as well as inspecting the health status of the wiring insulation. The SWC connected to subsystems (avionic unit, engine, transmission) will be able to monitor many of that system's vital health signs. Used in flight, the SWC will detect loose pins, intermittent problems, missing clamps, abrasion, and other factors impossible to detect during ground inspections. The SWC will also send processed information to a web-page database for continuous monitoring of the aging wiring. Aircraft certification, vehicle safety liability concerns are major reasons for utilization of the SWC technology. The product will have broad application in inspection of commercial and military aircraft. The SWC will be an enhancement to present health management systems. With minor changes in format the SWC will also have uses in monitoring wiring of ships, mass transit systems, vehicles and buildings. |
| TETRA TECH DATA SYSTEMS
2451 Impala Dr. Carlsbad, CA 92008 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 930-2220
David Schaafsma NAVY 00-004 |
| Title: | Wiring Diagnostics Using the Smart Universal Sensor Interface (PR00-001) |
| Abstract: | We propose to research, design, and develop active and passive signal and cable diagnostic capabilities for our Smart Universal Sensor Interface (SUSI). SUSI is designed to accommodate more sensors than conventional avionics sensor units, using fewer wires, less power, and at greater data rates and shorter delays, while consuming less physical space. In addition, SUSI provides advanced features such as: upgrades to optical avionics networks, full compatibility with legacy systems such as AATIS, CAIS, 1553, and ARINC; serial sensor buses to further reduce wire count; smart functions such as described in the IEEE 1451.2 standard; and extensive local processing and data storage capability. SUSI is designed to be modular to a very high degree - even the network interface can be changed by simply replacing the network module. These advanced features can be used to implement diagnostics and health monitoring functions for a wide range of applications, including wiring diagnostics. Since SUSI integrates into the avionics system and is designed to take data and control actuators, there is no added overhead (weight, cost, etc.) for additional instrumentation. This system could provide critical data not only for safety purposes but for maintenance as well, thus helping to extend useful aircraft life. Both military and commercial aircraft could benefit from advanced smart sensor systems capable of providing real-time data on subsystem health. |
| ADVANCED TURBOMACHINERY SOLUTIONS
P.O. Box 442 Stuart, FL 34995 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(561) 283-0253
John F Justak NAVY 00-005 |
| Title: | Hybrid Brush Seal Capable of Reverse Rotation |
| Abstract: | Advanced Turbomachinery Solutions intends to incorporate the advantages of a brush seal, with the non-wearing characteristics of a hydrodynamic bearing, which will lift off the rotor with increasing revolutions per minute (RPM). This will produce a non-contacting seal capable of long life under high surface speed and temperature conditions, and be capable of reverse rotation. During Phase I a proof of concept seal will be manufactured and rig tested. The ATS seal will increase thrust and decrease specific fuel consumption for all turbine engines |
| ROTORDYNAMICS-SEAL RESEARCH
3628 Madison Ave #20 North Highlands, CA 95660 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(916) 344-9500
Joseph K. Scharrer NAVY 00-005 |
| Title: | Reverse Rotation Capable Brush Seal Design |
| Abstract: | A new seal design is proposed that promises to eliminate the problems associated with reverse rotation in the T406 engine. In addition, the new design will meet the current design requirements for aerodynamic performance and assembly tolerances. In Phase I, candidate seal designs will be produced and evaluated through analysis and testing. The initial testing will demonstrate the feasibility of the design and provide the data necessary for full scale development in Phase II. Improved seal design package for gas turbine engines. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Jon Nebo NAVY 00-006 |
| Title: | Nanocomposite Coatings for Aircraft Transparency Protection |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems proposes to develop novel, polymer-inorganic nanocomposite coatings for the polycarbonate and acrylic surfaces of the F-18 and other aircraft transparencies. Triton's polymer-inorganic nanocomposite contain nanometer scale inorganic filler particles that enhance the chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, and overall protective properties of the coatings. Our novel nanocomposite coatings will be solution-based and easy to apply on the F-18 transparency and will provide excellent optical transmission characteristics with minimal haze and no distortion. In addition, these coatings will improve flame resistance, and barrier to chemical and biological warfare agents. These coatings will significantly extend the service life of transparencies and reduce the operation and support costs of windshields and canopies in the field. These coatings will find application in a variety of other Navy, military and civilian applications such as aircraft windows, helicopter transparencies, vision block for vehicles, face shields and goggles for soldiers and chemical laboratories. Durable, abrasion- and chemically resistant coatings will a variety of other Navy, military and civilian applications such as aircraft, automotive, and train windows, helicopter transparencies, vision block for vehicles, face shields and goggles for soldiers and chemical laboratories. |
| SDS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
One Crystal Park, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 100 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 282-4432
Dutch Guckenberger NAVY 00-007 |
| Title: | Intelligent Tutoring System for Tactical Aircraft Training (ITS-AIR) |
| Abstract: | Technical Abstract (Limit your abstract to 200 words with no classified or proprietary information/data.) Benefits of low-cost, high-fidelity, self-contained deployable training units, such as TSTARS, include increased availability of on-location training with reductions in travel expenditures, personnel time lost at training locations, and geo-specific training centers costs. However, the cost of providing on-site personnel to assist the student represents a significant drawback of current simulation technology- particularly considering the reduced manning-level environment of current military budgets. But, this need not remain the norm, as prototypical simulators of the future will, themselves, be capable of adaptive training techniques best suited to current students needs without requiring assistance from specialized simulator personnel. SDS's ITS-AIR innovations, utilizing COTS components from Soar technology, USC, STOW/BMH and ModIOS within a rapid prototype environment through reuse of the SDS LiteFliteT Reconfigurable Flight Simulator, will be used for assessing an instructorless intelligent tutoring system. Prototyped intelligent agents will be utilized for investigations into reducing manning levels for deployed training systems. Further, Soar-based AIR-SF, STOW/ BMH tools and Motorola ModIOS tools will be used as the basis for After Action Review and mission rehearsal components. Use ofLiteFliteT will be provide leverage as a placeholder for the TSTARS system planned for Phase II. There are multiple classes of Commercial Applications for ITS-AIR associated technologies. Military Aviation, Commercial Air Carriers and General Aviation will be the first to benefit. ITS-AIR could be added as an option on existing or new aircraft simulators. Potential benefits include reduced manpower costs, enhanced performance, increased standards, and early teaching of optimal methods to pilots. In fact, ITS-AIR, when coupled with student pilot motion sensors and eye tracking technology, could provide a comprehensive method of measuring differences from expert performance in well defined training scenarios. The sale of turnkey systems-- ITS-AIR "Kits"--will allow early product commercialization, particularly within the commercial and general aviation markets. General transportation, including transports, freighters, recreational boats and racecars, would also benefit from the research and development done for aviation. SDS plans to identify numerous lucrative internet markets. These markets, like the aerial, marine and land markets, require extensive up-to-date domain databases. A potential avenue, which SDS plans to explore, is teaming with an organization(s) currently providing domain specific databases, utilizing intelligent agents to automatically retrieve updates. Since any computer based training program can benefit from the introduction of automatic operator assistance and adaptive training techniques, Intelligent Tutoring technology has broad-based appeal. For instance, aerospace systems can train new features. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd., Suite 350 San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 655-7242
Richard H. Stottler NAVY 00-007 |
| Title: | Intelligent Tutoring System for Air Tactics |
| Abstract: | Next generation mission rehearsal training systems, such as the Transportable Strike Assault Rehearsal System (TSTARS), will be smaller and more easily reconfigured, so they can be deployed aboard aircraft carriers and used by pilots to configure and practice missions while at sea. However, if scarce and costly human instructors are required to operate these new systems and provide instructional feedback to pilots, the potential "any-time, any-place" benefits offered by these systems will be significantly reduced. SHAI proposes to develop an air tactical ITS (ITS-AIR) which would provide pilots with instructional feedback automatically and help them operate the simulator without human instructors. Our system will employ template-based student performance evaluation, automated feature extraction from the simulation data, temporal inference, application-specific knowledge editors, and adaptive instruction. This approach will result in a sophisticated tutoring system whose knowledge base can be maintained by SMEs without programming. SHAI will team with cognitive psychologists at Klein Associates who will help us carry out a preliminary Cognitive Task Analysis and provide relevant results of prior CTAs. Mr. Lloyd Prince, a former Naval aviator, will serve as a subject matter expert. We will design, develop, and demonstrate a prototype system which illustrates our approach. The aviation ITS technology developed for ITS-AIR will enable automated tutoring system add-on products which complement military and commercial aviation simulators, sold through simulator vendors and directly to military and commercial aviation end-user organizations. |
| DIGITAL SYSTEM RESOURCES, INC.
12450 Fair Lakes Circle, Suite 500 Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 279-3054
Ronald A Borrell NAVY 00-008 |
| Title: | Environmentally Insensitive Active Decluttering |
| Abstract: | Active sonar operations are a key to achieving effective USW performance in littoral waters. The performance of active sonar in these scenarios is often clutter limited. Most traditional active decluttering approaches have identified classification clues that are used to try to discriminate target echo returns from clutter echo returns. These approaches have historically suffered from performance sensitivity to changes in the environment and to limitations of the data used to tune the algorithms. DSR proposes an approach that will extend well-known detection theory concepts to the problem of active decluttering and classification. It turns out that some of these concepts have already been used in various classification implementations, though the implications of the detection theory performance were not pursued within the structure of the classification problem. DSR's effort will result in definition of MOE's, specification of processing algorithms, and evaluation of performance against existing sea data. Completion of this effort (Phase I and Phase II) will lead directly to integration of an environmentally robust active acoustic decluttering capability for the Navy's SH-60R Platform. |
| RDA, INC.
P.O. Box 49 Doylestown, PA 18901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 349-8083
Jon E. Dionne NAVY 00-008 |
| Title: | Environmentally Insensitive Active Decluttering |
| Abstract: | Active sonar systems face a significant decluttering problem especially when operating in shallow water. In future multi-static, multi-receiver search missions, the number of alerts is expected to increase dramatically. Tactical scenarios present a further complication because response time is critical and, as a result, classification in the fewest number of pings is crucially important. Historically, the decluttering issue has been addressed by estimating parameters of active acoustic returns and comparing those returns against thresholds. Unfortunately, these thresholds are highly sensitive to the environment. The proposed Phase I research intends to develop environmentally robust signal processing algorithms that significantly reduce clutter, improve detection, and perform quickly. To address these issues, the Phase I effort proposes three tasks. The first is to define a CFAR threshold based on the (possibly) non-Gaussian statistics of the matched filter or energy detector output. The second is to develop a classification metric based on acoustic returns for distinguishing targets from clutter. The third is application of an in-situ enhanced environmental model, which provides feedback to the classification metric for measurement and analysis. Each of these tasks will contribute to the SBIR goal, which is to reduce clutter and sensitivity to environmental conditions The anticipated benefits of the Phase I research include development of environmentally robust operator aids for significant clutter reduction, and improved detection and classification performance. This has benefit and applicability to a wide variety of Navy platforms and programs, including SH-60R. For future multi-static, multi-receiver search missions, an operator will simply not have the time to manually analyze and classify all the target and clutter returns without an algorithm to assist him. |
| DIGITAL SYSTEM RESOURCES, INC.
12450 Fair Lakes Circle, Suite 500 Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 279-3054
Ronald A. Borrell NAVY 00-009 |
| Title: | Multistatic Operation |
| Abstract: | Active sonar operations are a key to achieving effective USW performance in littoral waters. A capability that has been largely untapped in USW operations is bistatic operations between the SH-60R platform and surface ship assets. Historically, bistatic studies have addressed improvement of wide-area search performance. In this effort, DSR will instead investigate the performance improvements that bistatic operations can provide to the USW Middle and End game scenarios. DSR will consider an SH-60R platform acting bistatically with a surface ship that has both AN/SQS-53C and MFTA subsytems. The Middle and End game scenarios provide enough information about the target that determination of source/receiver deployments yielding desirable bistatic geometries becomes feasible. DSR will define MOE's, develop a performance model, evaluate potential performance improvement, and develop a preliminary concept for an Integrated Bistatic Post- Processing System. This new Integrated Bistatic Post-Processing System will also be able to assist the operator as a planning aid since it will determine recommended source/receiver deployment strategies. The processing will select desirable deployment strategies based on the effect of bistatic geometry on target strength, Doppler shift, reverberation level, localization error, target motion, and platform covertness. Completion of this effort (Phase I and Phase II) will lead directly to introduction of bistatic planning and bistatic processing capability into the SH-60R Platform. |
| RDA, INC.
P.O. Box 49 Doylestown, PA 18901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 349-8083
Ronald H. Buratti NAVY 00-009 |
| Title: | Multistatic Operation |
| Abstract: | Multistatic/Multiplatform ASW capabilities are needed to counter the improvement in capability of enemy submarines deployed by potential adversaries. The need exists for systems that provide a wide area search capability while at the same time providing sufficient standoff distances for friendly forces. Multistatic/Multiplatform operations can fulfill this need by providing opportunities for multiple target detections, improved localization, and improved classification. Each ASW platform brings unique capabilities to the conduct of the mission. For example, the air platforms are highly mobile and are capable of searching a vast area by deploying a large field of source and receive sensors. The surface and subsurface platforms have the capability to produce high source level and deploy receive arrays with high directivity gain. If the Navy is to continue to keep pace with the improving submarine threat, there clearly exists a need to develop systems that combine the inherent strengths of each platform to improve overall ASW mission effectiveness. In this SBIR we address two multistatic scenarios to a level of detail necessary to assess the potential improvement in ASW effectiveness. The product of this SBIR is intended to be of use to the SH-60R and surface platforms equipped with the SQS-53C sonar. Making SH-60R and surface platform capable of integrated ASW operations will significantly enhance the ASW performance of both platforms in both the search and localization phases of the mission. The innovative concepts under development in this SBIR are intended to enhance the effectiveness of this multiplatform system. |
| NATURAL SELECTION, INC.
3333 N. Torrey Pines Ct., Suite 200 La Jolla, CA 92037 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-6449
Lawrence J. Fogel NAVY 00-010 |
| Title: | Tracking Multisensor Data |
| Abstract: | Evolutionary algorithms are proposed to assist in tracking multisensor data. A common protocol is for a tracker to receive time-sequenced reports from multiple sensors (often of different types). Each sensor may or may not report a detection. The tracking problem is to assign each detection to a track, or start a new track. The number of different ways for combining targets into tracks over time increases very rapidly. Such combinatorial problems are often well suited for evolutionary algorithms. The approach proposed here is to evolve tracks online as data are acquired and adapt those tracks in light of new data as they become available. Scalable tracking based on observations from mutliple different sensors is useful in a variety of commercial shipping applications, as well as satellite overhead imagery. |
| ORINCON CORP.
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-5530
Donald W. Pace NAVY 00-010 |
| Title: | A Context-Adaptive Multiple-Hypothesis Approach to Multisensor Air ASW Tracking and Data Fusion |
| Abstract: | The Navy needs an effective integrated approach to data fusion and tracking for a heterogeneous air-deployed sensor field. The data fusion architecture must properly handle bearing-only, range-bearing, and other multistatic measurement types, must model sensor-dependent measurement characteristics and accuracies, and should use data association/fusion algorithms appropriately matched to the current sensor, measurement, and environmental characteristics. ORINCON proposes a solution based on an algorithm-adaptive variant of a proven multiple measurement-type multiple-hypothesis tracking capability. Specifically, ORINCON proposes to develop and demonstrate a prototype Air ASW adaptive fusion architecture enabling dynamic intelligent selection and switching among multiple kinematic data fusion algorithms based on the situational context (for example, currently available measurements, or clutter density). ORINCON has shown that adaptive fusion algorithm selection and switching leads to significant improvements in multisensor tracking performance; the approach will enable effective fusion across dipping sonars, sonobuoy sources/receivers, and other acoustic or nonacoustic sensors. ORINCON will demonstrate the prototype on real recorded data, and will quantify performance using specific track quality metrics. ORINCON will optionally quantify performance so as to infer maximum measurement gaps, and therefore recommendations for field deployment strategies. Phase II will include additional kinematic fusion algorithm and attribute/classification fusion algorithm extensions. The proposed fusion architecture will lead to dramatically improved performance, critical for the projected full spectrum dominance under Joint Vision 2010. The open, modular architecture provides for flexibility and growth with the SH-60 or MPA systems. The Navy will experience payoffs via the leveraging of existing technology and the applicability to surface-, subsurface- and land-based systems. Finally, the data fusion architecture could be used for nonmilitary multisensor tracking applications such as seismic exploration or off-coast drug interdiction. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Engineering & Products Div., 20600 Gramercy Place, Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dai Hyun Kim NAVY 00-010 |
| Title: | Autonomous Neurofuzzy System for Tracking Multisensor Data |
| Abstract: | In response to the U.S. Navy solicitation for Tracking Multisensor Data, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop an autonomous multisensor tracking system (AMTS). The proposed AMTS will combine POC's proprietary neurofuzzy control and distributed data tracking methodologies. The proposed neurofuzzy AMTS will have three innovative advantages: autonomous tracking capability, minimizing operator interaction; autonomous incorporation of information from both passive and active sonobuoys; autonomous multistatic operation with sonobuoys and dipping sonars. The core of the AMTS is the Neurofuzzy Tracking Control System (NTCS), which consists of a signal validation module, a data alignment module, a data association in module, and a data correlation module. These NTCS modules control each step of overall tracking based on multisensor data, making use of the expertise embedded by POC's neurofuzzy technology. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the feasibility of AMTS by means of computer simulation. In Phase II, POC will build a fieldable AMTS based on Phase I results. The immediate application for AMTS is ASW tracking based on data streams from multiple sonobuoys and dipping sonars. The AMTS can also be used for automatic multiple target tracking, air traffic control, satellite tracking, and inventory tracking. |
| DCS CORP.
1330 Braddock Place Alexandria, VA 22314 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 862-2390
Garth Van Sickle NAVY 00-011 |
| Title: | Military Utility of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) |
| Abstract: | Navy and Marine Corps tactical aircraft must make a significant transition in avionics functionality if they intend to retain access to worldwide sovereign controlled airspace. The stand-alone avionics systems of today must be replaced with integrated sensors and displays that can achieve the new required level of performance in Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS). Self-reporting surveillance known as Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) with a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) will require integrated systems. This SBIR will study the impact of Mode S and ADS-B on current military Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP) and evaluate their potential military utility. Phase II of this SBIR will install integrated ADS-B in a Navy aircraft and demonstrate its functionality for both civil and military operations. Phase III, the commercialization effort, will establish DCS Corporation as a center of excellence in CNS core integration architecture, systems engineering services, and computer based training devices ready to assist other military and civilian platforms make this transition. This SBIR will allow the military to study the mission utility and impact of ADS-B and CDTI in current operational environments and develop an affordable path to integrate this new level of situational awareness into other fleet aircraft. ADS-B is based on civil technology. The hardware and software developed and demonstrated during this SBIR effort should have many applications for General and Business aviation. The Cargo Airlines Association is evaluating the potential of ADS-B for traffic awareness and deconfliction. ADS-B utility for general aviation is being evaluated in Alaska with the Capstone Program. Over the next 10 years there will be many business opportunities associated with ADS-B functionality, including systems engineering services, aircraft modifications, computer based training and unique software applications. |
| RANNOCH CORP.
1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 430 Alexandria, VA 22314 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 838-9780
Bennett Cohen NAVY 00-011 |
| Title: | Military Utility of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) |
| Abstract: | ADS-B technology holds great promise for providing the U.S. Navy with a number of significant benefits. These benefits are derived from an improved tactical picture for both command and control personnel and pilots. They include improved safety through better situational awareness and reduced pilot workload, and improvements in tactics, techniques and procedures, such as higher confidence levels in the tactical picture that might allow engagement of the enemy without visual identification. Other benefits include time and resource efficiencies, collision avoidance, range clearance and compatibility with aircraft operating in the NAS and civil aircraft in foreign airspace. Globally, ADS-B holds the promise of being the core of a new global surveillance network, and the military should evaluate mission needs at this stage during the formative stages of ADS-B development and implementation. Rannoch has unique insight into the future of ADS-B. We actively support RTCA committees on ADS-B standards development. We have designed, manufactured, and deployed ADS-B equipment. Our rapid avionics prototyping capabilities as well as our tools and techniques enable us to assess the military effectiveness of ADS-B for the Navy. As new common avionics programs are being considered, it is time to start laying the groundwork for Navy ADS-B implementation. Anticipated Benefits: Improved tactical picture; Reduction in misidentified targets; Reduction in False Replies Uncorrelated in Time (FRUIT) ; Reduction in overlapping (garbled) signals; Improved command and control in a military theater of operations ; Saves time and assets by reducing the number of missions required to identify unknown targets ; May enable the use of beyond visual range weapons; Improved situational awareness for controllers and pilots; Collision avoidance; Reduces pilot workload ; Range clearance; Compatibility with civil aircraft operating in NAS and foreign airspace. Commercial Applications: Provides enhanced radar coverage in areas that are below the sweep angle of conventional terminal or enroute radar antennas; Provides radar coverage for airports without conventional radar; Provides an inexpensive air traffic control radar system for countries that do not have a ground based radar infrastructure; Provides enhanced situational awareness to airport operations vehicles and airline support vehicles to help eliminate the growing problem of runway incursions; Improves airline gate operations, enabling the monitoring of all aircraft and vehicles in the gate area; Provides collision avoidance capabilities similar to TCAS, but sized and priced for smaller general aviation aircraft . |
| SENSIS CORP.
5793 Widewaters Parkway DeWitt, NY 13214 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 445-5825
Michael Farneth NAVY 00-011 |
| Title: | Military Utility of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) |
| Abstract: | Sensis proposes an ADS-B system which meets the needs of the military. The system proposed is a complete replacement to the current IFF system for the purposes of situational awareness and combat identification. The proposed system uses a Low Probability of Detection (LPD) waveform and encryption to protect the data from interception or spoofing from enemy forces. The proposed system has the potential of being installed in every US military aircraft in addition to allied aircraft as well as in ground infrustructure throughout the world. In addition to the military market, the radio technology developed has potential markets in civilian aviation. These markets include its use in Sensis's airport vehicle tracking system and as an alternative civil aviation ADS-B system. |
| AVISYS, INC.
8906 Wall Street, Suite 103 Austin, TX 78754 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 339-0031
Stanley Young NAVY 00-012 |
| Title: | Low-Cost Precision Missile Trackers for Directional Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) |
| Abstract: | There is a need for IRCM system counter threats that are difficult to defeat using conventional IRCM techniques. Because the new generation of threats are more capable, IRCM energy must be directed at the missile threat to obtain sufficient energy on target to cause it to miss the aircraft. In order to attain the energy on target, an IR jammer must be able to track the threat missile with enough accuracy to point a laser at the seeker. Current IR detectors in tracking sensors are expensive and must be cooled in order to achieve the sensitivity needed to track IR missile threats in all phases of flight. The coolers used with these detectors are the least reliable part of the sensor. These coolers cause a reduction in the reliability of the tracking sensor, increase maintenance requirements, and increase the cost of the sensors. Developing an uncooled IR detector for the tracking sensor will reduce the design complexity, reduce the production costs and increase the reliability of the tracking sensor. The miniaturized uncooled image intensified charge coupled device (I2CCD) system that is the subject of this Phase I SBIR will provide low cost, compact, high reliability precision tracking device for a variety of defense and civil airborne platforms. Beyond the obvious protection of fixed and rotary wing military assets, the precision tracker can support antiterrorist assets, coastal reconnaissance aircraft, and governmental and personal aircraft flying in high-risk areas worldwide. |
| SEEKER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
40 James Drive Shalimar, FL 32579 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 745-5275
Breck Sieglinger NAVY 00-012 |
| Title: | Low-Cost Precision Missile Trackers for Directional Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) |
| Abstract: | Missile warning and countermeasure (CM) systems play a critical role in the survival of many ground- and air-based vehicles operating in hostile environments. The CM protection may take the form of an active system like a laser source intended to disrupt the guidance of an approaching missile. To direct the laser at the approaching threat missile, the CM system must be able to accurately track the incoming missile. To track the incoming missile, IR sensors may be used. For improved sensitivity, these sensors employ a cooling system, which increases the cost, weight, and complexity of the sensor, while adversely affecting its reliability. We propose to assess the suitability of uncooled sensors for tracking incoming missiles. Specifically, we will consider the use of image intensified CCD (I2CCD) sensors which are relatively mature and inexpensive. Through the proposed effort, we will accomplish several objectives - Determine the signature of several threat missiles in the waveband from 0.5 - 1.1m. - Survey the current capabilities of I2CCD cameras operating in these wavelengths. - Assess the suitability of I2CCDs for tracking the threat missile signatures - Assess the angular tracking precision that can be obtained using an I2DCCD The proposed research offers potential savings in cost and improved reliability of optical tracking systems compared to a cooled IR sensor. These advantages are multiplied when the potential replacement can be made on a class of system that is widely deployed, for which cost, weight, and size, and reliability are important concerns. The suitability of the I2CCD sensor for potential applications depends on the in-band scene radiance, both for the objects of interest and any background. For the proposed research program, this radiance comes from tactical missiles - and has not previously been well-characterized in the proposed waveband. Thus, this effort will contribute to the body of knowledge regarding tactical missile signatures. The benefits of refining and applying uncooled IR cameras are very commercially viable - reduced cost, size, and reliability - and apply to a variety of different potential applications. As remote sensing and video surveillance become more accessible, the uncooled IR systems offer a practical and inexpensive means for extending the observations into the IR wavelengths for low-light or night-time, unilluminated situations. |
| APPLIED HYDRO-ACOUSTICS RESEARCH, INC.
15825 Shady Grove Rd., Suite 1 Rockville, MD 20850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 218-3249
Brian Samuels NAVY 00-013 |
| Title: | Middle Game Localization Utilizing Air Deployable Active Receiver (ADAR) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this research is the evaluation of the passive capabilities of the ADAR sensor, and the specification of algorithms and systems for utilizing the passive data received by the sensor. AHA will employ advanced simulation and modeling techniques to perform the evaluation part of this research, evaluating both the existing passive capability of the ADAR buoy, and the potential capability given the implementation of processing improvements. The evaluation will ensure the correct assessment of true value added to the total ASW mission through the inclusion of each phase of the mission. Measured data from appropriate littoral environments will be used to guarantee the applicability of modeled results to the real world. In the algorithm specification phase of this research, AHA will define an ADAR passive processing system architecture that includes the core signal processing functions for passive signal detection and a design that will readily accept future algorithm improvements. We will also define and conduct an initial performance assessment of candidate spatial processing, signal detection, and classification/localization algorithms that will provide a strong R&D baseline for passive ADAR. This performance assessment will also provide passive sonar equation variables for use in the model-based evaluation part of the research. The anticipated benefits of this research are the specification of advanced signal processing algorithms for the use of passive data in Air ASW missions. In addition, advanced modeling techniques will contribute to modeling efforts both within the Air ASW community and throughout the Navy. The processing algorithms identified through this research will be useful in adding capability to the IEER mission. In the future, Navy programs and research efforts such as the Advanced EER (AEER) and the Super-ADAR will benefit from this research in algorithm development. |
| NAVMAR APPLIED SCIENCES CORP.
65 West Street Road, Suite B-104 Warminster, PA 18974 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 675-4900
Edward Garabed NAVY 00-013 |
| Title: | Middle Game Localization Utilizing Air Deployable Active Receiver (ADAR) |
| Abstract: | This SBIR proposes the development of a passive processing, detection, localization, classification, and display format system for the Air Deployable Active Receiver (ADAR) sonobuoy. This system will be capable of operating concurrently with the active processor but in the background with minimal or no operator action required permitting the operators to concentrate on active detection. This proposed system would be compatible with existing aircraft processing system, which utilize the ADAR sonobuoys. The system is unique because it would operate autonomously, provide a passive capability for the ADAR sonobuoy, and utilize a localize before classification concept. This proposal includes quantifying the passive ADAR capability in shallow water against slow quiet targets; defining and developing new algorithms required to provide autonomous, full spectrum passive detection, localization and classification; estimating the signal processing resources required to perform the task; and defining the interface with the existing ADAR active operator tasking. The proposed system would provide enhanced passive detection, additional classification capabilities, and submarine speed denial capability. This signal processing will satisfy a critical need for a behind the scene multi-spectral passive acoustic signal processor algorithm utilizing the array gain of the existing ADAR sonobuoy and establishing a full spectrum active/passive capability. Commercial markets can benefit by utilizing the autonomous architecture and signal processing techniques for developing "smart" household consumer products, to conduct multi purpose tasking during marine mammal operations, off shore oil exploration/drilling, cable/pipe laying surveys and coastal environmental studies. |
| MICHIGAN AEROSPACE CORP.
1050 Highland Drive, Suite E Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 975-8777
Peter Tchoryk NAVY 00-014 |
| Title: | Joint Optical Air Data System |
| Abstract: | The Molecular Optical Air Data System (MOADS) is a compact optical instrument that can directly measure wind speed and direction, temperature, and density of the air ahead of an aircraft. From these measurements, all of the air data products can be determined. MOADS is a direct detection system (i.e., it is based on incoherent rather than coherent detection) and does not require the presence of aerosols to make these measurements. This low observable system replaces pitot probe and alpha/beta sensors and has the growth potential for wind shear detection and gust alleviation/clear air turbulence. A significant level of investment has gone into the existing MOADS prototype, which is scheduled for a flight demonstration in March, 2000. This Phase I effort will result in a design for the next generation MOADS instrument based on JSF air data requirements. Based on lessons learned from the existing prototype, specific improvements have been identified that will increase the accuracy and update rate of the next system. A technology maturation path for critical items, such as the laser, will also be identified. Through the Alternative Technology Air Data System (ATADS) study and current programs, MOADS was shown to be a viable option as an Air Data System by meeting the performance and installation requirements of a high-dynamics, tactical aircraft. The potential exists, therefore, for application toward JSF and other tactical and commercial aircraft. The opportunity presented in this SBIR is also significant in that it allows us to begin considering other applications of MOADS in addition to measuring air data products. The multiple-use of MOADS as a wind shear, gust alleviation, clear air turbulence sensor greatly expands the market potential into the commercial realm. |
| OPHIR CORP.
10184 West Belleview Avenue, Suite 200 Littleton, CO 80127 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 933-2200
Carl S. Weimer NAVY 00-014 |
| Title: | RAYLEIGH-MIE LIDAR FOR OPTICAL AIR DATA |
| Abstract: | OPHIR Corporation is proposing to build a system that will use optical remote sensing to replace traditional sensors now used on jet aircraft for collecting air data. The proposed system will collect light scattered from an ultraviolet laser beam by both air molecules and aerosols ahead of the aircraft in undisturbed air. The Rayleigh (air) and Mie (aerosol) scattering will be separated from each other by using their different frequency response characteristics. The aircraft's airspeed will be found from the Doppler shift of both the Rayleigh and Mie scattering, and will therefore not fail if the air becomes too clean because of lack of aerosols. Measuring the airspeed on three perpendicular axes will allow the aircraft orientation relative to the air to be measured. Then, by fitting the measured Rayleigh lineshape with a theoretical lineshape, the air pressure and temperature will be found. While traditional air data sensors perform well, they have significant limitations in performance and maintainability that impact safety and life cycle costs. This is true for both commercial and military jet aircraft. In addition, traditional sensors have proven difficult and expensive to integrate onto low-observable aircraft. In this phase I effort, the potential to overcome all of these limitations with an optical air data system (OADS) will be demonstrated by analysis and its baseline design completed. The proposed system has commercial application in three Aerospace markets: Flight Test Groups, Military Aircraft, and Commercial Aircraft. The system has the potential to overcome limitations in traditional air data systems at considerable economic benefit. A successful system could one day become a new air data system standard for aircraft. |
| Q PEAK, INC.
135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-9535
John Flint NAVY 00-014 |
| Title: | High-Power UV Lasers for OADS |
| Abstract: | The benefits of using an Optical Air Data System (OADS) on new high-performance aircraft will never be realized until a simple, rugged, light-weight laser source has been developed and demonstrated. Systems currently under test can provide update rates for velocity and angle-of-attack that are well below those required for flight, and it is estimated that on the order of 5 watts of average power near 250 nm will be required in a fielded OADS. Although this power level has been demonstrated by several laboratories, shrinking such a system, and improving its reliability and tolerance of temperature fluctuations, vibration, and shock is more than a simple engineering exercise. Fundamental changes in resonator design, thermal management, and especially harmonic conversion technique will be required to meet this goal. Essentially, the laser source needs to be redesigned from the ground up, with the OADS requirements in mind. We intend to replace the oscillator/amplifier used in our commercial UV laser with a single, high-power oscillator, and employ a resonant quadrupler containing both the nonlinear crystals LBO and CLBO. We will also investigate line-narrowing, and, for the optional task, the development of a tuning capability. Potential commercial applications include via hole drilling and other semi-conductor industry materials processing, UV photolithography, and stereolithography. Lidar applications in addition to OADS include pollution detection, chemical and biological weapons detection, and upper-atmosphere studies. |
| AEGIS TECHOLOGIES GROUP, INC.
6703 Odyssey Drive, Suite 200 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 876-1902
Philip Reiner NAVY 00-015 |
| Title: | Development of Quantum Well Optical Parametric Amplifier for LIDAR Applications |
| Abstract: | Recent results show that the newly emerging photonic bandgap technologies can be used to produce structures that have greatly enhanced linear and non-linear optical properties. The opportunity now exists to apply this technology to produce an infrared detector based upon parametric conversion that can out-perform existing conventional detectors used for LIDAR systems at near infrared wavelengths. A new type of infrared detector will be developed that has greater sensitivy than existing detectors for use at near infrared wavelengths. Applications include infared sensors, missile seekers, LIDAR sensors, medical diagnostic sensors. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Wayne S. Pelouch NAVY 00-015 |
| Title: | Ultra-sensitive OPA Lidar Receiver |
| Abstract: | Significant improvements in the detection capability of weak LIDAR return signals can be achieved by optically amplifying the signal prior to detection. An optical parametric amplifier (OPA) can provide high gain, low noise, and wavelength-agile operation with spectral and spatial filtering. CTI proposes to develop an OPA-enhanced receiver that will increase the sensitivity of LIDAR detection by almost 30 dB. However, an improvement in the nonlinear optical (NLO) conversion is required to reduce the pump power requirements to practical values. The proposed Phase I effort will investigate several technology paths to achieve this goal: (1) photonic bandgap semiconductor heterostructures, (2) new phase-matching techniques and novel geometries in semiconductor materials, and (3) NLO waveguide architectures. CTI has successfully completed a program that investigated and demonstrated a NLO converter to frequency-shift eye-safe LIDAR signals to visible wavelengths to greatly enhance the detection sensitivity. Furthermore, our proven ability to design and engineer rugged, flight-qualified LIDAR systems will ensure a successful overall development program. In Phase I, CTI will conduct detailed analyses and laboratory demonstrations to evaluate next-generation OPA designs. In Phase II, an ultra-sensitive OPA receiver will be tested and delivered. (1) increase detection sensitivity in eye-safe laser radar systems, (2) reduce laser source requirements for military and industrial active imaging, thus reducing both system size and cost, (3) provide new technological approaches for designing ultra-sensitive mid-infrared detectors enabling new commercial products. |
| ORINCON CORP.
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-5530
Donald W. Pace NAVY 00-016 |
| Title: | A Field-Oriented Operator-Machine Interface Architecture for Multisensor, Multibeam Air ASW Systems |
| Abstract: | Multistatic, air-deployed sonobuoy fields provide a powerful and unique means of detecting and classifying the shallow-water ASW threat. However, the typical number of sensors deployed and the increasing number of sensor beams processed place unreasonable operational demands on the user and may result in unacceptably long decision times. The Navy is in need of a new Air ASW operator-machine interface (OMI) approach that reduces search time and eliminates beam paging, that facilitates full field search and analysis, and that provides local environmental or historical context for immediate comparison. ORINCON proposes an OMI concept centered on the geographic scene. The concept allows the operator to view all sensor data simultaneously and interrogate this data in parallel based on his prioritization or as prompted by automated classifiers. The OMI concept uses display intensity and color to represent information from multiple sensors (raw or normalized data), automated classifiers (providing interrogation prioritization), trackers (providing historical context), and environmental databases (providing environmental context such as bathymetry or predicted signal excess). ORINCON will develop display requirements for this approach, identify typical field search sequences, and prototype the resulting display and search sequence concept. A fully operational display architecture will be achieved in Phase II. An improved OMI will result in improved Air ASW operator performance, reduced detection and classification time late, and reduced total operating cost even as sensor technology improves and becomes more complex. Efficient, effective methods for displaying time-critical tactical information and increasing the information coding dimensions via color and texture are also marketable far beyond the sonobuoy processing application. Examples include future nonacoustic sensor displays (radar, electronic combat, EO/IR) and enhanced tactical and operational decision making displays for area air defense and surface warfare missions. |
| PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP.
8809 Sudley Road, Suite 101 Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 368-6107
Ronald D. Ghen NAVY 00-016 |
| Title: | Multibeam Sonobuoy Operator Displays |
| Abstract: | Acoustic Undersea Warfare (USW) with sonobuoys is characterized by a large amount of real time data, containing intermittent contact to a target of interest from geographically separated receivers. Methods that improve the communication bandwidth between the USW system and the operator such as advanced data visualization and spatialized audio have not been employed. These conditions establish a significant opportunity to improve the "operational effectiveness" of USW with a relatively low investment. The addition of automation has the potential to dramatically increase the search efficiency of the operator by reducing the need for manual data navigation for search. Since neither automation nor manual detection can address all cases, these capabilities need to be integrated to complement and support each other. Automation and the use of advanced display concepts to simplify the Operator Machine Interface (OMI) are required to streamline the process and present a unified tactical picture to enable a single operator to manage all sensors and contacts. This unified tactical picture can be merged with the battlegroup tactical picture held by the ASWC on the command ship in a net centric warfare domain such as that being created by the Advanced Undersea Warfare Concepts (AUSWC) initiative. The benefits of the products of this SBIR are not confined to the NAVAIR community, but rather, span the entire UnderSea Warfare (USW) community. There is an opportunity to improve the "effectiveness" of the Fleet with a relatively low investment and guarantee continued tactical superiority. The multiple sonobuoy management displays developed under this SBIR will directly support the Advanced Undersea Warfare Concepts (AUSWC) initiatives currently underway in the Navy advanced development community by providing each participating vessel in the USW Internet with a means of viewing this data, maximizing the effectiveness of interplatform collaboration in the sonobuoy information domain. The results of this project are anticipated to have application to both commercial and military systems. Initially, this product would be best applied to government agencies and DoD where real tactical superiority issues in ASW hang in the balance. As such, initial customers are intended to be PMA-264 and PMA-290 programs. Since the research is targeted towards displays, this topic could be used to aid battlefield assessment, war gaming, and radar systems. |
| LNK CORP., INC.
6811 Kenilworth Avenue, Suite 306 Riverdale, MD 20737 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 927-3223
Laveen N. Kanal NAVY 00-017 |
| Title: | Wavelet Compressions to Increase Desktop Personal Computer (PC) Real-Time Texture and Terrain Paging |
| Abstract: | LNK Corporation, Inc., in conjunction with JRM Enterprises, Inc. and MultiGen, proposes to develop a wavelet compression library which will be able to support Open GL and Direct 3D rendering on commercially available low cost PC boards. This library will extend LNK's existing wavelet compression algorithms, which have been used to compress hyperspectral sensor data, digital elevation models, and image files which may be used as texture maps. The library will also support material based classification and region of interest definition, used in sensor simulation. While lossless compression of 2:1 can be readily achieved, the LNK Team will explore hardware-specific optimization and scene fidelity tradeoffs that permit order-of-magnitude improvements in compression ratio, enabling multiresolution mip-mapped terrain databases to be rendered at frame rates appropriate to tactical aircraft simulation. In Phase I, LNK will develop an experimentation testbed based on a PC platform using commercially available runtime APIs to explore database paging, system architecture, and software design approaches, collect metrics on perceived and positional accuracy of rendered databases, and identify likely NAVAIR systems and programs for Phase II development, testing, and utilization. The technologies to be developed as part of this effort have very broad commercial application, and the availability of real-time graphics and advanced networking connectivity in PC and desktop environments creates a wonderful array of new possibilities for commercial product development, especially in the education and training, and commercial gaming markets. The collaboration capabilities to be developed under this Phase I effort go far beyond currently existing collaborative design and learning tools, and represent the next wave of distributed desktop software environments which take advantage of emerging DoD practices such as the DMSO High Level Architecture. Our product goal is to create software products and services which facilitate both DoD and other desktop customer needs for interactive collaborative environments. |
| TERRAIN EXPERTS, INC.
84 West Santa Clara St., Suite 380 San Jose, CA 95113 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 293-9977
Richard Clark NAVY 00-017 |
| Title: | Wavelet Compressions to Increase Desktop Personal Computer (PC) Real-Time Texture and Terrain Paging |
| Abstract: | Increased use of aerial photography and satellite imagery in visual simulation has created problems for low-cost PC based systems. Although the performance of low-cost graphics systems is adequate for real-time interactive visualization tasks, the immense disk and memory configurations to support image-based databases are a major cost and technological obstruction. This proposal will investigate wavelet compression/decompression in a database paging scheme for real-time applications with potential for this capability to be hardware accelerated in Phase II. TERREX has already developed and successfully commercialized database generation software (Terra Vista) and a run-time paging format (TerraPage) which it proposes to extend through this SBIR contract. Our proposal is innovative as it a) promotes a multi-vendor runtime solution with open-source, public domain APIs, b) the solution is backed up by a commercially successful database generation system, and c) the proposed applications include much larger markets such as PC games and Geographic Information systems which will give this development effort a much stronger potential to be adapted to hardware and commercialized in later phases. TERREX has technical expertise and existing commercial products highly complementary to this SBIR topic. The company has an outstanding record of developing commercial software products for real-time interactive 3D simulation. The Phase I research will provide an initial design for a wavelet compression scheme tied to a paging system for run-time applications. A prototype system will be implemented and demonstrated at the end of Phase I by extending TERREX' existing commercial database generation software and paging format/APIs. This demonstration capability should provide quantifiable results on the technical viability of the wavelet compression scheme, any issues/problems related to its use in real-time 3D applications, and an assesment of its further potential development as a hardware accelerated compression/decompression engine in Phase II and Phase III of the project. Potential post applications for the wavelet compression technology proposed herein lie in any field in which large 3D datasets are combined with high-resolution imagery in a real-time, interactive environment. This most clearly affects the Modeling and Simulation community, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) community, and in Computer Game Software. Wavelet compression promises image size reduction which will dramatically affect the amount and quality of imagery which can be used on interactive PC based visual applications. |
| AVISYS, INC.
8906 Wall Street, Suite 103 Austin, TX 78754 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 339-0031
Stan Young NAVY 00-018 |
| Title: | Compact Infrared Countermeasure (IRCM) Jam Head |
| Abstract: | Tactical aircraft DIRCM systems require a compact, high-power laser source in the mid-IR band. Current IRCM lasers are costly and exceed weight, space and power constraints of Navy tactical aircraft. Phase I will conduct the necessary analyses and investigations to confirm the utility of the Lockheed Martin midIR semiconductor compact laser subsystem and commercial off the shelf CCD sensors and gimbals to fulfill this critical role. The various subsystems which comprise this solution will be integrated on a single optical bench requiring only a two-axis gimbal. Proof of concept will include atmospheric propagation analysis to define optimum lasing wavelengths and ensure sufficient J/S in real-life environments. LOWTRAN 7 and/or HITRAN atmospheric propagation models will be used to run the appropriate simulations. Additionally, overall system hardware and software requirements will be defined and preliminary real estate analyses will be conducted to verify the feasibility of integrating the miniaturized IRCM into the existing USN AGILE EYE jam head. The miniaturized IR countermeasure system that is the subject of this Phase I SBIR will provide low cost, onboard protection for a variety of defense and civil airborne platforms. Beyond the obvious protection of fixed and rotary wing military assets, the MIRCM is applicable to antiterrorist assets, coastal reconnaissance aircraft, and governmental and personal aircraft flying in high-risk areas worldwide. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Aramais Avakian NAVY 00-018 |
| Title: | Infrared Countermeasures with Electronic Beam Scanning |
| Abstract: | An innovative concept for a fast, efficient, high-resolution near-to-mid infrared beam scanner is proposed. Existing scanners, either mechanical (swinging mirror), electro-optic, liquid crystal, or acousto-optic, have certain limitations, and none of them satisfies military requirements for speed, resolution, range, effectiveness, and reliability. To overcome existing limitations, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to utilize the exceptional magneto-optic and magneto-elastic qualities of a certain class of metallic oxides. These qualities will lead to the excitation of a dynamic grating of local magnetic moments by propagating in the material an acoustic wave, and electronically tuning the spatial period of that grating by altering either the acoustic wavelength or the applied DC magnetic field. Thus, for the first time, two independent methods of beam scanning will be applied in a single element. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the effective diffraction of infrared radiation on a magnetic grating induced by acoustic waves and wideband steering of the angle of diffraction by tuning of the driving (the piezotransducer) RF frequency and/or variation of the applied magnetic field. In addition to jamming, immediate military applications of the proposed scanner include missile seekers, target recognition, reconnaissance, and surveillance. POC's approach has the potential to reduce the size and power consumption of airborne and space-based jamming/tracking systems. Commercial applications include remote sensing, security systems, and switches for fiber-optic communication links. |
| ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS, INC.
2020 Alameda Padre Serra, Suite 123 Santa Barbara, CA 93103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 966-3331
Roger Stettner NAVY 00-019 |
| Title: | Solid-State Imaging Array for Laser Radar Applications |
| Abstract: | This is a proposal for a very compact, low-power, High Range-resolution, Laser Radar (HRLR). The proposed preliminary design meets the solicitation requirements, namely a 5x 5 solid-state-array detector hybridized to a 5 x 5, 25-um pitch unit cell readout array. The readout array has the capability of 7.5-cm range resolution. Return-time data is multiplexed off the readout and only one output is required. Three options that could increase the performance of the 3-D imaging ladar system are suggested. The Phase I effort will include trade studies to optimize the sensor, the readout and the drive and output electronics. The readout will be designed and laid out in Phase I. The proposed $30,000, optional program includes the fabrication and performance-verification testing of the 5 x 5 readout array. Military applications of the HRLR imaging system and their civilian counterparts are in surveillance. There is also civilian application at airports - in support of safe takeoffs and landings - in robotic vision and in manufacturing. Radar does not have the resolution that could be achieved with a laser system. It is also quite possible that laser radar 3-D imaging systems will be used in future motor vehicles; penetration of small-particle fog is better at 1.55 um than at visible wavelengths. |
| SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
3490 U.S. Route 1, Building 12 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 520-0610
J. Christopher Dries NAVY 00-019 |
| Title: | Solid State Imaging Array for Laser Radar Applications |
| Abstract: | Sensors Unlimited will develop and deliver a 5x5 InGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD) array for use in eye-safe laser rangefinders. The avalanche photodiodes will be fabricated using a process virtually identical to our current production focal plane array process. Thus, the reliable operation of the arrays will be assured. The InGaAs APDs will have primary dark currents below 1 nA, avalanche gains in excess of 20, responsivity >15A/W at a wavelength of 1.55 æm, and electrical bandwidths >2GHz. In Phase I the APDs will be fabricated in a 5x5 array and bump-bonded to a Si fanout for APD characterization. The final deliverable in Phase I will be a packaged 5x5 array with access to the 25 array elements via package pins. In Phase II, we will develop a readout circuit using small cell GaAs transimpedence amplifiers with scalability to arrays as large as 64x64 elements. The larger APD arrays will be hybridized to the readout ICs using our flip-chip indium bump process. In addition to the utility of InGaAs APD arrays in laser radar systems, there is a tremendous opportunity for commercialization of linear arrays of APDs in the field of fiber optic telecommunications. Currently deployed Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) systems operate in the wavelength band of 1.530 æm - 1.565 æm and use single element InGaAs p-i-n and APD based receivers. The ability to manufacture large arrays of receivers is ideal for such systems, as the benefits of reduced power consumption, reduction of interconnections, and reduced electrical parasitics are easily realized in hybrid integrated systems. The advantage of APDs over p-i-ns is the same in telecom as it is in LADAR: an improvement in the sensitivity of the optical receiver. The amplifier architecture developed within this program is directly applicable to use in DWDM systems in linear array devices. |
| EDAPTIVE COMPUTING, INC.
2161 Blanton Dr Dayton, OH 45342 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 433-0477
Praveen Chawla NAVY 00-020 |
| Title: | Obsolete Electronic Parts Automated Functional Replacement System |
| Abstract: | EDAptive Computing, Inc. (EDAptive), and Dr. Perry Alexander of the University of Kansas present a unique and commercially viable solution to the problem of automatically replacing obsolete legacy boards in weapon systems. Our Electronic Design Automation tools for Electronic Parts Obsolescence (EDA4EPO) program will apply an innovative and integrated collection of several Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools and languages, under development, to the problem of Electronic Parts Obsolescence (EPO). Specifically, we propose to research and develop an iterative solution, which will employ three key emerging and essential technologies for automation in the future, namely (1) the industry-, academia-, and government-sponsored Rosetta, an emerging standard System Level Design Language (SLDL) for specification of obsolete boards, (2) the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)-sponsored, EDAptive SOCCER tool suite for specification-based search and retrieval of functionally equivalent parts, and (3) the Air Force (AF)-sponsored Design Verification Test Generation (DVTG) tool to validate board specification in Rosetta as well as SOCCER-generated, functionally-equivalent boards. We have discussed our technical and commercialization approach with potential customers and partners have found endorsement and early support for it among them. Maturation and integration of tools and languages proposed under this effort will alleviate the electronics parts obsolescence problem and reduce the cost of addressing it by at least an order of magnitude. In addition to DoD applications, the proposed system could be used for sustainment and post-production support of any electronic system, as well semi-automated synthesis of electronic systems starting with a formal specification. |
| VP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3678 Cherokee Place Marietta, GA 30067 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 578-0448
Vijay K. Madisetti NAVY 00-020 |
| Title: | Automated Functional Replacement (AFR) of Obsolete Parts Through Virtual Prototyping: A Study. |
| Abstract: | VP Technologies, Inc., is currently a contractor on the USAF Electronics Parts Obsolescence Initiative (EPOI, 1998-2001) and has also been selected a tier 1 subcontractor by Lockheed Martin (E&M, Orlando, FL) for its AMCE Parts Obsolescence (PO) Pilot Programs (JASSM & LOCAAS, 2000-2002). We are thus able to apply our extensive experience in combating electronics parts obsolescence at chip and board/subsystem levels, and also to leverage our partnerships with leading defense contractors, to develop a comprehensive solution to the problem of automated functional replacement (AFR) of obsolete parts. An innovative approach based on virtual prototyping technologies is proposed as part of this SBIR Phase I effort. The AFR system as proposed consists of three components: (1) A legacy design intent extractor that generates executable specifications and test vectors of the obsolete part from partial or incomplete legacy data using syntactic and semantic recovery algorithms, (2) An architectural tradeoff environment that selects the right implementation for the replacement parts based on form/fit/functional constraints, and (3) A detailed SW/HW design synthesis component that generates the functional replacement for the obsolete part together with its test vectors. Our approach is further characterized by its board-level replacement methodology, as opposed to traditional chip-by-chip replacement methodologies. A detailed benefit/cost analysis of the proposed approach will be completed in Phase I, together with a comparison to "hardware-in-loop" driven current practice, as applied to weapons systems. The proposed virtual prototyping approach to automated functional replacement (AFR) has immediate applications in the parts obsolescence management problems of the defense and avionics industries (a multi-billion dollar market). As lifecycles of various systems become longer, the problem has become particularly severe resulting in the need for new and powerful technologies as outlined in our technical proposal on this SBIR effort. With decreasing times to market in the commercial world (e.g., 3 months in the telecommunications arena), commercial electronic products require continuous upgrades of systems to include newer technologies and components (thus creating a problem analogous to parts obsolescence in the defense industry). The proposed obsolescence management and upgrade technologies developed as part of this SBIR proposal can be directly applied to commercial electronics products in telecom, embedded computing systems, and information appliance markets - a potential trillion dollar arena. The proposed algorithms, tool suites, and component model libraries that are proposed will facilitate rapid system-level design, upgrade, and test, promising a "model-year" approach to electronics system design, spanning digital, analog, and RF domains. |
| CUSTOM MANUFACTURING & ENGINEERING
2904 44th Avenue North St. Petersburg, FL 33714 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 548-0522
Chuck Smalley NAVY 00-021 |
| Title: | Nitrogen Charging System for the Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAAV) |
| Abstract: | CME will develop an efficient, light weight, high-pressure nitrogen gas charging system that shall be designed for field deployment on the Marine Corps new Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAAV). CME will perform trade studies and work with COTS suppliers along with designing custom components to meet the performance, size, weight, and cost objectives. CME's approach and proven experience associated with high-pressure gas systems will facilitate the design of a small lightweight gas charging system that will allow field maintenance operations on the 7000 psi Hydro-pneumatic Suspension Units (HSU's'). The system target weight of 87 pounds is achievable using the AAAV's existing power sources for motivation while still maintaining identified safety margins associated with high- pressure gas systems. CME will apply COTS hardware where applicable to enhance manufacturability, maintainability, and minimal cost impact. CME will apply computer simulations to determine and document overall system performance. During the Option, we will develop final detailed drawing packages in preparation for Phase II. The manufacturer and test of three prototype charging systems will be conducted during Phase II activities. With a final design for a small high-pressure gas charging system, a reliable field-deployable system can be manufactured for the military and commercial markets that need high-pressure gas suspension for field charging of their systems, while also improving the prevention of oxidization/corrosion of internal suspension components. Phase III manufacturing and marketing planning will prepare the nitrogen charging system design for full-scale commercial product launch and entry into related market segments such as auto racing, medium to heavy truck transports, heavy construction equipment, aviation, etc. |
| INTERSCIENCE, INC.
105 Jordan Road Troy, NY 12180 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 283-7500
James T. Woo NAVY 00-022 |
| Title: | Lightweight, 1kW Portable Multi-Fuel Generator (PMFG) |
| Abstract: | The development of a lightweight, portable, multi-fuel generator set with output in the 1 kW range is proposed. The development shall be based on the innovative integration of three enabling technologies that have been realized in recent years. These are: (1) conversion of lightweight, high rpm two-stroke gasoline engines to operate with multi-fuel; (2) high power density, permanent-magnet, axial-gap modular alternator design; and (3) digital, solid-date electronics power conditioning. Each of these technologies has been validated by the proposing team in different arenas to assure the prospect for optimum integration and near-term realization of the overall objective of the project. Phase I effort shall be concerned with the development of concepts and hardware implementation for optimum integration of these technologies leading to a technology feasibility demonstration unit that can meet the weight and output power performance specifications. During the Phase I Option, the design shall be further refined to render the design "Marine Ready" for prototype development under Phase II. It is anticipated that such a lightweight, portable multi-fuel generator (PMFG) unit will also have significant demand in the commercial market for recreational, industrial and home use to meet the multiple objectives of the SBIR program. The realization of small, lightweight, multi-fuel capable generators will significantly enhance the mobility and C4I operational capability of small detachments of Marines on the battlefield. Such units also have demand in the commercial sector for recreational, industrial and home use. |
| MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP.
200 Yellow Place, Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 631-3550
Robert P. Scaringe NAVY 00-022 |
| Title: | Demonstration of a 40 Pound Miniature Electrical Generator Which Uses a Lightweight, Quiet, Compact, Multi-Fuel Engine |
| Abstract: | Desert Storm indicated that portable lightweight miniature electrical generators are needed for combat field operations. Mainstream has previously developed a JP-8 (multi-fuel) 53 pound 1kW portable diesel electrical generator under a prior Army BAA effort. This Phase I will extend this development effort to demonstrate that based on the results of this earlier hardware development and additional IR&D by Mainstream we feel confident that we can demonstrate a 1 kW unit with a system weight below 40 pounds. This Phase I effort will demonstrate the performance of a prototype system. The proposed effort includes the detailed redesign and fabrication of selected components of Mainstream's existing 53 pound multi-fuel 1 kW diesel generator to provide a demonstration unit which weighs less than 40 pounds. The generator will be configured as a portable unit for easy carrying to the point of use, where it could be set-up to provide continuous, relatively-quiet electrical power. The Phase I will demonstrate the Mainstream's unit meets the Navy's performance, weight, size, fuel economy, reliability, maintainability, and noise requirements. Phase II will include a further refinements and deliverable of prototype units for extensive field tests. This Phase I effort will demonstrate an innovative, compact multi-fuel diesel generator that has tremendous marine, disaster relief, and industrial niche market applications where the safety and stability of diesel fuel over gasoline represents a significant advantage. Mainstream has already committed it own resources and secured a commercialization partner. Our marketing studies have indicated a substantial marine and disaster relief niche market. |
| SIGNATRON TECHNOLOGY CORP.
29 Domino Drive Concord, MA 01742 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 371-0550
Steen A. Parl NAVY 00-023 |
| Title: | A Low-Profile Tagging System for Locating Personnel and Material |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a remotely deliverable tagging device for both marking and tracking personnel, material, and vehicles. The approach is based on a new radiolocation technique we have developed, which is capable of highly accurate location determination using simple tag electronics. The research goals are to determine how small the device can be made using current electronic and battery technology, to identify delivery techniques capable of deploying the tag from a distance of 50 meters or more, to design low-cost portable base stations for receiving tag signals and determining location, and to study techniques to enhance performance in urban multipath. The system intelligence is contained in low-cost portable receiving/tracking stations that can track the target either stand-alone or collaboratively, as needed. The proposed system will be a major enhancement over our technology developed for applications such as locating patients with Alzheimer's disease and tracking cargo. In previous research the receiver stations were fixed 5 miles apart, and the tag, which did not need to be concealed, was too large for the application proposed here. In Phase II we plan the to implement the miniaturized tag, to refine the delivery concept, and to follow up with field testing with prototype receiving stations. The proposed technology would allow covert tracking and locating of people and valuable material or cargo with high accuracy. It has applications in less-than-lethal warfare and monitoring and locating stolen weapons, tracking cargo and packages, and locating stolen goods. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Erik Handy NAVY 00-023 |
| Title: | Resin-Transmitter for Covert, Non-Lethal Tagging |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems responds to the Navy need to covertly and non- lethally tag personnel and/or equipment, at a range of 50 m to 500 m, and to obtain a later return signal at 1 km. The Triton response to this need is to develop its own unique shelf-stable resin-transmitter, using COTS parts. The stable resin contains a micro-transmitter with the required size and range, that will be delivered by a tethered or retarded projectile, allowing the resin-transmitter to separate from the projectile and to be covertly adhered to clothing or equipment as a final stable plastic tag. On the Phase I program, Triton will fabricate the stable resin-transmitter; will demonstrate its separation from a model tethered or retarded projectile, and the formation of a stable adhesive plastic tag. On the Phase I Option, Triton will demonstrate the delivery of a stable tag to clothing and/or equipment at short range, using a simulated tethered projectile traveling at 250 ft/sec, with a return readout of 50 to 100 m. On Phase II, with a ballistics partner, Triton will develop a realistic projectile resin-transmitter delivery system; with separation and delivery of a tag at 50 to 100 m at gun velocity, with a return signal at 1 km. On Phase III, Triton will work with a munitions / arms maker to make a prototype tag delivery system. If the proposed technology is successful, field commanders will have the ability to covertly and non-lethally tag personnel and equipment when conducting military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) and other areas where immediate action is not appropriate. Such a technology also is of intense interest to civilian police organizations worldwide. It would permit them to covertly and non-lethally mark and track vehicles and hostile elements that blend in with the local population of uninvolved citizens. The commercial market for this technology is large. |
| AMERICAN GNC CORP.
9131 Mason Avenue Chatsworth, CA 91311 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 407-0092
Ching-Fang Lin NAVY 00-024 |
| Title: | Handheld Autonomous MEMS Based Navigation/Communication/Tracking System |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR Phase I project is to design, fabricate, and evaluate a low cost, small size, lightweight, handheld, autonomous navigator with wireless communication, map display, and tracking capability. The current position location tracking systems relay on the reception of GPS radio frequency (RF) signals to obtain position information, which prohibits it's use in urbanized terrain environments. Recently, MEMS (MicroElectronicMechanicalSystem) technologies make it possible to fabricate the monolithic integration of MEMS inertial and magnetic sensors with driving, signal pickoff, and signal processing electronics, which offer tremendous cost, size, reliability improvements, compared with conventional inertial sensors. Advanced MMIC technology (Microwave Monolithic IC) can shrink conventional radar into a chip. In this project, the innovative navigator utilizes an American GNC corporation developed commercial product, coremicroTM IMU based on state-of- the-art multiple MEMS sensors and unique ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) design, tiny magnetic heading sensor, a tiny Doppler radar, and patented filtering technology to achieve high precision navigation accuracy independent of GPS signals for the navigation/communication/tracking system. This Handheld Autonomous MEMS Navigation/Communication/Tracking System will find a large market in the military and civilian sectors. Typical applications will be founded in the areas where GPS signals are not continuously available, such as inside buildings, tunnels, forested areas, urbanized terrain, and high Electronic Counter Measure (ECM) environments. |
| LIGHTWORKS, LLC
6444 Sandia Lane Berthoud, CO 80513 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 554-0743
Christian Grund NAVY 00-024 |
| Title: | Multiple-Personnel Tracking System Using Uniquely Coded RF Tags |
| Abstract: | We propose that an RF-based personnel tracking system has significant advantages over presently used or contemplated ultrasonic/GPS systems. The proposed RF tracking system uses a central tracking station and multiple RF receivers to sense signals from personnel mounted transponder tags. The tags respond to uniquely coded probe signals by transmitting a second set of time coded RF signals. Triangulation to the receivers using proprietary signal processing algorithms allows accurate location of the tags in 2 and 3 dimensions. Numerical simulations of the algorithms indicate highly accurate distance measurement capability even under very low signal conditions and in the presence of RF reflective objects. The proposed system can seamlessly be interfaced with existing GPS systems to eliminate the tracking loss problem during building entry/exit. Furthemore, the system could also be extended to km distance scales for full coverage of training ranges. Such extensions could eliminate the need for GPS entirely, leading to a lower system cost. In Phase I we plan to develop and build a simple RF system to demonstrate tracking of at least one person. We will also refine the processor algorithms with a view to extending operating range and maximizing spatial resolution under low signal and multipath conditions. The proposed systems has applicability to fire fighter accountability systems, as well as location and tracking of inventories, equipment, and persons in secure facilities and prisons |
| CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP.
4135 Travis Country Circle Austin, TX 78735 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-2567
Jeffrey C. Braun NAVY 00-025 |
| Title: | Advanced Wearable Computer Interface for UGV Control |
| Abstract: | With recent advances in wearable computing and associated control and display mechanisms, there is significant opportunity to create a more effective operator control system for unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) operations. This Phase I effort proposes to study the UGV control problem, evaluate the advanced technology options for creation of a wearable control system, and design an optimum solution. Cybernet has significant experience to leverage in the development of advanced human computer interfaces, and in the development of portable UGV control systems. Advanced technology options that will be evaluated include: 1) hands-free interface solutions, such as voice recognition, eye tracking, gesture control, etc., 2) miniature force-feedback and other haptic devices, and 3) immersive and head-mounted displays. Selection of the advanced interface technologies will be performed based on satisfaction of the UGV control operation requirements, feasibility of implementation within a wearable computing platform, cost, potential benefit, associated risk, etc. The result of this Phase I effort will be the design of a highly intuitive and effective wearable computer interface for UGV operation, incorporating advanced control and display technologies. The immediate commercialization potential is for a wide range of military and other UGV control applications. The developed wearable operator control interface technology will also have broad reaching commercial potential for many other military and industrial control applications. |
| ORINCON CORP.
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-5530
Daniel E. Damouth NAVY 00-026 |
| Title: | Precision Sea-Based Logistics System |
| Abstract: | Significant problems face the USMC as it plans its precision logistics pipelines for Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAAV). The USMC now relies on inefficient, manual processes, primitive decision aids, and "time-late" communications in its legacy logistics efforts to support mobile warfighting platforms. An innovative Precision Sea Based Logistics System (PSBLS) - for AAAVs and other USMC mobile units - will address those problems with enhanced logistics velocity, visibility, and variability for Ship to Objective Maneuver. A robust PSBLS solution will embody intelligent agents, capable user interfaces, web-centric applications, plus open-systems interfaces to "operate in such a way that commanders have absolute confidence that required support will be provided when and where it is needed." General James Jones, Commandant ORINCON's team will develop, test, and integrate cost-effective information technologies to automate, monitor, and recommend actions for the USMC precision logistics system. We plan to "instrument the pipeline" from factory to deployed units with automated tracking, cost accounting, prognostic evaluation, and total asset visibility. Our unique technical and operational experience will be leveraged to provide a comprehensive Performance Specification, a Decision Support System design, and a Cost Benefit Analysis for this innovative USMC AAAV logistics program. o The USMC and its AAAV organization will directly benefit from this system's innovative decision support, centralized computers/applications and human-factored total asset visibility (TAV). o Commercial merit of our feasibility study extends to focused logistics systems of all armed services and the DLA. Resultant PSBLS functions can further transition to commercial "just in time" high-volume logistics support systems that are multi-million dollar efforts annually. o Boeing Aircraft Company expressed initial interest in some of our intelligent agents for maintenance support of commercial aircraft systems |
| TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL,
4716 Pontiac Street Suite 106 College Park, MD 20740 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 220-3707
Salim Shaikh NAVY 00-026 |
| Title: | Precision Sea-Based Logistics |
| Abstract: | Successful supply-chain management is an essential element in high performance military environments. Rapid delivery of key items to deployed mobile units is a must for military strategists. Effective logistics/supply-chain management allows just-in-time distribution of goods and services. Current technologies are available to evaluate inventory levels across the supply chain. The use of the World Wide Web allows faster flow-through times in supply chain pipelines. Many commercial and military organizations are feeling an urgent need to integrate an extended enterprise logistics system. USMC 's Precision Sea-Based Logistics is a human-factored, computerized system that requires Total Asset Visibility (TAV) of spare parts, issuance of repair notifications, tracking of maintenance history, and cost. USMC plans to deploy a sea-based logistics system. TPI proposes to develop a centralized information logistics system that is based on a fully extended enterprise model. This Precision Sea-Based Logistics (PSL) system will assist in information flow between components of USMC's sea-based physical logistics system. The PSL system will maintain the Total Asset Visibility (TAV) in a centralized database, which will include configuration management and maintenance history and is capable of wire or wireless communication with the mobile vehicles and maintenance facility. TPI believes that the proposed system once implemented would bring US Marines Corps logistics/supply-chain management capabilities into the next decade. It will support the N/MC Intranet structure. USMC is planning to build the N/MCI in the next five years that could be used for global application of the Precision Sea-Based Logistics (PSL) system. Furthermore, the proposed PSL system will assist USMC in achieving its goal of moving the logistics to a sea-based system. There are many direct benefits to USMC and among them are reduced inventory, effective logistics management and on time delivery to the mobile vehicles. General Dynamics Amphibious System (GDAMS) is building Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAAV) for the United States Marine Corp. The proposed system can directly be used for AAAV logistics. The PSL system is capable of supporting trucking industry whether or not a truck is near its desired maintenance facility. A mobile truck may be able to quickly report to the base via PSL system its maintenance problems and parts requirements. TPI is planning to approach many Logistics companies once the system is built. Among them are United States Truck Stop Association, United Parcel Services, Federal Express, and others. |
| AVTEC SYSTEMS, INC.
10530 Rosehaven Street, Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 273-2211
Jay Schwartz NAVY 00-027 |
| Title: | Link-16 Enhanced Positional Accuracy for Precision Guidance |
| Abstract: | This SBIR seeks to exploit the inherent synchronization and RELNAV capability of the communication links in network-centric architectures to complement or replace the GPS solutions. Avtec proposes to develop a software solution exploiting the inherent capabilities of Link-16 which is incorporated in most network-centric tactical architectures. Avtec's approach will explore algorithms based on a technique described and patented by the proposed Principal Investigator. Avtec's approach can be applied to any two-way digital link. In Phase I, Avtec will (1) identify optimized Link-16 configuration(s) for synchronization and range measurement using the Round Trip Timing (RTT) feature, and (2) design and evaluate algorithm(s) for merged synchronization and RELNAV using measurements from Link-16 and a representative GPS system. We anticipate that work in this SBIR will lead to future activities related to Link-16 and GPS for network-centric architectures. In addition we see the techniques to be investigated in this SBIR being applied beyond the Link-16 environment. |
| FISCHER CUSTOM COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
2917 West Lomita Blvd. Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 891-0635
Joseph Fischer NAVY 00-028 |
| Title: | High Frequency Transmit Mast Clamp Current Probe |
| Abstract: | Fischer Custom Communications, Inc. proposes to determine the types of magnetic core materials required to design and fabricate a current injection transformer capable of exciting various parts of a ships superstructure to act as a transmit antenna in the 2 MHz to 30 MHz frequency range. Conventional high frequency shipboard antennas occupy substantial volume, making them difficult to site on the ship without interfering with ship operations. Conventional anntennas have high maintenance and have a significant and distinct radar cross section. A current injection transformer is virtually maintenance free and would replace existing transmit antennas. By using the existing ship structure as an antenna, the current injection transformer provides HF communication and eliminates adverse operations, maintenance and RCS impact of conventional antennas. In Phase I the appropriate magnetic core materials will be determined and feasibility of the current injection transformer will be demonstrated Conventional high frequency shipboard antennas are difficult to site on the ship without interfering with ship operations, have high maintenance and a significant radar cross section. The transmit mast current probe is virtually maintenance free, has a significantly lower radar cross section and would replace the exisitng transmit antennas. The price of a transmit mast probe will be significantly less than the conventional shipboard HF communication antenna. The annual maintenance cost of the transmit mast probe will be a fraction of the conventional HF transmit antenna. Commercial applications include industrial and recreational maritime communications as well as other industrial and recreational HF communications systems. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Michael P. Grace NAVY 00-029 |
| Title: | Intelligent Jammer Placement Tool |
| Abstract: | The Navy would like to deny GPS-based or other satellite-based navigation to an enemy in times of conflict, and one of the most practical means of doing so is via jamming. However, it is very important to control where the jamming energy is directed so that friendly receivers are minimally affected. This proposal describes Toyon Research's plan to develop a PC-based optimization toolbox to solve the Navy's jammer placement problem and deliver a prototype version in Phase I. Rather than relying on a single optimization algorithm, the toolbox will include several such tools and a flexible means of controlling their application. Built into the toolbox will be smart features to speed up the optimization process and a means of "learning" from the users' experience in different applications. The toolbox will also provide solutions to the problem of mission planning to avoid jamming and will include an easy-to-use graphical user interface. The development will result in a computer tool to simplify the process of deploying jammers which in turn improve the Navy's warfighting capability and increase the fleet's survivability. |
| NOVA ENGINEERING, INC.
5 Circle Freeway Drive Cincinnati, OH 45246 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 860-3456
Mike Geile NAVY 00-030 |
| Title: | Wireless Line-of-Sight Networks for IntraBattlegroup Communications |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Navy is in need of a means for high data rate (HDR) line-of-sight (LOS) communications between its ships, submarines, and shore sites. The total point-to-point intra-battlegroup capacity currently available is less than 268 kbps per ship. This capacity was marginally adequate several years ago, but the increase in traffic load offered by available government off-the-shelf (GOTS) and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) systems has resulted in requirements for wideband, high spectral efficiency, wireless mobile networks. The Navy is in the process of procuring a software defined radio (SDR), named the Digital Modular Radio (DMR), which addresses issues related to legacy support and hardware development costs. Therefore, an established SDR in the form of DMR addresses the legacy requirements and significantly reduces development costs - the remaining problem is defining a reliable wideband technology. During the HDR LOS BAA, Nova has implemented a spectrally efficient, wideband, wireless waveform that supports heterogeneous mesh networking. The waveform is designed to be resistant to channel impairments commonly encountered in the Navy's signaling environment. The results of this SBIR, titled Wideband IntraBattlegroup Communications (WIC), will add up to 4.608 Mbps of reliable, adaptive multiuser wireless network capacity to each ship within a battlegroup. Both the military and commercial sector have a tremendous demand for more signaling bandwidth. The HDR LOS waveform offers a substantial increase in terrestrial capacity over a diverse set of distances and in the presence of channel impairments such as dynamic multipath. |
| SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CORP.
2300 Windy Ridge Parkway, Suite 400 South Atlanta, GA 30339 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 989-9551
Peter Scholander NAVY 00-030 |
| Title: | Wireless Line-of-Sight Networks for IntraBattlegroup Communications |
| Abstract: | Important issues in military networking are more bandwidth, decreased complexity for the operators, increased reliability and the migration to IP-based services. These issues require novel solutions because military tactical networks typically lack centralized infrastructures like cellular networks. In addition, military wireless networks often have lower bandwidths, higher error-rates, and lesser-trained operators than commercial ones. SRC proposes to develop additional capability that enhances the DoD's planned software-defined tactical radio systems, such as Digital Module Radio (DMR) and Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS). These capabilities will include: a) advanced routing and multicasting capabilities optimized for tactical environments; b) link-layer retransmission functionality designed for high error-rate wireless links; c) differentiated QoS across the low data-rate wireless links; and d) a high performance wireless link for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. These capabilities will be added as "middleware", "shim software" or reconfigurable hardware units, which will allow incremental deployment of these new features without modifying the existing application software, TCP/IP stacks or radios. Since SRC already has technical solutions for these problems, this Phase 1 will examine the suitability of these solutions to Navy battle group applications, and develop a practical implementation approach within the confines of the DMR and JTRS architectures. The Phase 2 prototype will contribute significantly to the definition of next-generation military tactical radio by enabling real-time, multimedia services within DoD tactical Intranets. From a Navy standpoint, the integration of IP-based voice, video and data from the various on-ship networks, the DoD Internet backbone and the airborne reconnaissance assets will provide a fused operational picture that maximizes the protective shield around the fleet assets and their personnel. Tighter integration with deployed on-shore networks allows more focused use of the Navy shipborne and airborne ordinance, and hence a greater force multiplier for those expensive assets and their highly trained operators. More generically, applications such as IP to military aircraft and IP to the Army HMMWV will also benefit from this approach. Finally, the software could be ported to handheld, battery-operated terminals carried by each soldier. In the future, this will enable both Personal Area Networks (PANs) and Squad Area Networks (SANs) between soldiers and their associated sensor network(s), in order to bring "information dominance" down to the "foxhole level". Target COTS technologies include cellular telephony, IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and Bluetooth. Commercial applications include users operating without existing infrastructures such as office workers in old buildings, warehouse workers, and emergency operations such as police, fire and emergency health care. |
| ARGON ENGINEERING ASSOC., INC.
12701 Fair Lakes Circle Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 995-4242
Robert L. Kellogg NAVY 00-031 |
| Title: | Sensor Tasking Segment (STS) |
| Abstract: | An innovative network centric Sensor Tasking architecture will be develop using thin Tasking Clients, Server Application, and Sensor Agents for Information Warfare sensor tasking and management. The Sensor Tasking Segment (STS) will use a wide area distributed network based on JAVA virtual machine object interaction. During Phase I, the collaborative software modules and agent interfaces will be defined. The Tasking Server will use schemas of mission plans, collection objectives, reporting requirements, signal of interest definitions, and dynamic sensor resource descriptions to create a collaborative tasking environment. STS interaction will be investigated for performance, cost and risk in developing tasking strategies compliant with the Maritime Cryptologic Architecture (MCA) as well standards to become a GCCS-M/CUB segment. A Phase I Option is proposed to extend Client/Server/Agent interaction by designing "bootstrap" tasking. This will allow Sensor Agents to survey the RF environment beyond specified tasking and let the Server recommend to Tasking Clients new signals of interest and collection opportunities that may enhance current mission requirements and tasking plans. It is envisioned that during Phase II, a wide area distributed network STS will be demonstrated with at least one sensor system and a set of distributed Tasking Clients, each with different mission requirements. We envision multiple opportunities for commercializing the software products that are developed under this SBIR. The immediate opportunities for commercialization involve other government agencies that have similar problems with managing electronic intelligence activities. By adhering to the JTA/DII COE model we will be able to tasking applications and tool sets to other member of the Department of Defense community for integration with existing and future systems. Using object oriented architectures such as the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) along with object oriented programming languages such as JAVA will enable our company to package the tools and applications developed under this SBIR into utilities that can be used outside the electronic intelligence arena. CORBA provides an open standard for defining reusable objects in distributed heterogeneous computer systems. |
| ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 829-5864
Atiq Ahamad NAVY 00-032 |
| Title: | Distributed Expert-Agent and Object-Oriented Framework for Anomaly Detection |
| Abstract: | Current state of the art commercial intrusion detection systems have concentrated mostly on string matching and other forms of signature identification to detect anomalies and outside attacks. In the research community at large, advances have slowed, with increased emphasis on detecting known types of outside attacks. Detecting, identifying and responding to hitherto unknown attacks and anomalies remains a challenging problem. Further, it has been demonstrably established that no single approach is capable of detecting and diagnosing all the anomalies that can occur in a complex and challenging environment such as a hybrid heterogeneous network. ATC proposes a innovative distributed agent framework, populated by expert agents that will detect network faults which occur during routine operations and due to malicious activity. By abstracting the common functionalities of existing anomaly detection techniques and developing a framework for distributed computing and data sharing, problems of limited resource on wireless nodes and obsolescence of detection techniques are addressed. Also, by flagging an anomaly only when the majority of the agents involved in fault detection reach a consensus, the number of false alarms is decreased and robustness increases. The framework will be published as a RFC at IETF and the software will be published through appropriate sources. Early adopters will be equipment vendors, system integrators and system maintenance personnel to optimize automated fault tolerance procedures in network environments. |
| AMRON CORP.
1313 Dolley Madison Blvd., Suite 400 McLean, VA 22101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 848-0571
Randall Kuldell NAVY 00-033 |
| Title: | Trusted Workstation Using a Plug-in Encryption Module |
| Abstract: | Current CMW workstations have been developed by providing a hardened UNIX operating system for COTS workstations. Under the Navy's 21st Century Information Technology (IT21) initiative, there is a push to try to provide commonality among operating systems, operating environments, and networking to ensure interoperability. This has required many tactical and administrative applications to be ported to a Windows NT operating environment. The porting of these applications has been completed in many cases. However, the Windows NT operating system has its own issues. It is a proprietary operating system with closed source code. It would be extremely costly for the Government to try to provide B-1 level hardening to Windows NT. In addition, it would require testing to validate that the changes to the operating system did not create any changes in the way the operating system interacts with application programs. Therefore, a hardware solution is a feasible alternative and the operating system would remain largely intact as a Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) solution. A hardware plug-in module provides the security for the COTS workstation with a Windows operating system. The RamPart technology is the solution, by providing secure startup and monitoring of the workstation. The potential of the RamPart system is enormous. RamPart was developed in response to a need that has never been able to be fulfilled before. Amron Corporation, with our knowledge of Navy Programs, sees a tremendous potential for Phase III applications both commercially and for the Government. NIPRNET to Internet Gateways, intrusion detection machines, SIPRNET machines, and operational workstations onboard Navy platforms all have a need for improved security on COTS. The US Government has identified Information Management Assurance and Distribution as a key technology area, adding to the emphasis that has already been placed on computer security. PCSEC, LLC and Amron Corporation are pursuing a coordinated teaming effort to apply this technology to a number of applications and evaluating the security of the system is a key to accomplishing the marketing strategy. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Joseph Rotenberg NAVY 00-033 |
| Title: | Trusted Workstation Based on a COTS PC |
| Abstract: | The Navy requires a trusted workstation equivalent to a B-1 Compartmented Mode Workstation (CMW) that can be built from a COTS PC. In response, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes an innovative low cost approach to implementing a CMW using multiple Single Board Computers (SBC) and an integrated Intelligent Secure Access Control Switch all integrated on a passive PCI backplane. The POC approach will have the following benefits: significant cost savings by using COTS SBCs hardware, a COTS operating system (OS) and application software and a single network connection; a modular design providing the best information partitioning with different security levels; significantly improved CMW fault tolerance; significantly improved security against both external and internal threats; easily upgraded with next-generation COTS operating systems and COTS application software upgrades. Phase I evaluation will be done using normal certification processes under the guidance of a Navy Certification Agent (CA). Phase I efforts will focus on hardware/software prototype construction, testing and security evaluation. In Phase II POC will complete the hardware and software design and demonstrate superior security capabilities. POC's CMW has a great number of military and commercial applications. It can be used as a low-cost secure work station at any location that maintains classified data or programs. In addition, it can also be used by organizations or individuals who desire to operate multiple computers concurrently in a single work station with a single user interface. |
| ASTRON ANTENNA CO.
22560 Glenn Drive, Suite 114 Sterling, VA 20164 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 450-5517
Joseph R. Jahoda NAVY 00-034 |
| Title: | Wideband Radio Frequency (RF) Distribution System |
| Abstract: | The objective is to develop an RF Distribution (RFDS) System operating over HF to UHF to support not only communications but also information warfare (IW) systems (attack and exploit) requirements. The RFDS is capable of accommodating broadband signals distribution to allow spread spectrum and frequency hopping communications and counter-communications (IW) operations. It will also be compatable with all Legacy systems. The RFDS has great potential to be used in commercial applications for base stations and gateways for direct broadcast satellite TV, cell phone services, and PCS. |
| FIBERNETICS
4257 E. Nisbet Rd. Phoenix, AZ 85032 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(602) 485-9400
Ralph Bergh NAVY 00-035 |
| Title: | High Precision Depolarized Fiber Optic Gyro (DFOG) |
| Abstract: | We propose new techniques to reduce the degradation of the detected signal of a depolarized fiber gyroscope as a result of noise from the light source. Attempts have been made to reduce intensity noise in fiber gyroscopes that use polarization- maintaining fiber in the fiber coil. We will review the efficacy of these techniques and attempt to determine their theoretical limitations. In a depolarized fiber gyroscope, source phase noise is converted to intensity noise. This creates a noise that has not been addressed heretofore. We propose to examine techniques to also reduce this noise. The use of single-mode fiber in the sensing coil will significantly reduce the cost of the gyroscope by reducing the cost of the fiber in the sensing coils. The price of single-mode fiber is between 1/2 and 1/100 of the cost of polarization maintaining fiber. This has the largest impact on high performance fiber-optic gyroscopes where the length of the fiber in the fiber loop is large and the cost of the fiber is a large fraction of the cost of the gyroscope. |
| INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-7130
Daniel Fang NAVY 00-036 |
| Title: | Wireless Multi-Parameter Sensor Modules for Ordnance Monitoring |
| Abstract: | Intelligent sensors and systems using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies for the health monitoring of energetic components are sought by the U.S. Navy Strategic Systems Program. To support the advancement of DoD initiatives in improved ordnance diagnostics, Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) will develop a wireless multi-parameter sensor module for real-time, in-situ chemical and physical monitoring within energetic components. The IOS approach will use a novel MEMS-based microcantilever array, coupled with advanced spread-spectrum communications, to create a compact, low-power, embeddable multiparameter sensor suitable for use directly in and around energetic materials. In Phase I project we will fabricate unique low-voltage PZT thin-film resonant cantilever structures, and show that, with the use of selective coatings, these sensors can be used to detect propellant breakdown products (e.g., acetic acid). A complete engineering demonstration chip will be fabricated, including both resonant structures and microtelemetry electronics; the feasibility of our proposed approach will be conclusively shown in experiments where the sensor chips are exposed to know concentrations of target analyte. In Phase II, IOS will fabricate afield-ready launch tube gas generator-monitoring device and run systematic tests to evaluate system cost and reliability. After Phase II, the proposed wireless multiparameter sensor unit will be tested and commercialized with the help of a leading solid rocket motor manufacturer. The proposed technology could be used to make multi-element or multi-target sensor arrays involving hundreds of thin films and cantilevers without significantly increasing the size, complexity, or cost of an overall sensor package. The sensor module will find applications in warhead and rocket motor monitoring, weapon systems, and commercial chemical in manufacturing, storage, and transportation. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Thomas W. Vaneck NAVY 00-037 |
| Title: | Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) Receiver Test Bed |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a test bed to evaluate GPS performance on re-entry bodies. Available computational tools will be used to simulate those effects which potentially impact GPS operation including plasma sheathing, aerothermal heating, geometric shadowing and dynamics. Software will be developed to characterize these effects which will then be utilized to generate distorted signals which will be fed into the test GPS receiver. The test bed will allow hardware in the loop simulation of GPS performance under a variety of conditions. During the Phase I program we will define the test bed requirements, quantify the operational space, develop a conceptual design and demonstrate feasibility. The Phase I option will develop a preliminary test bed design and a Phase II program plan The availability of a GPS performance test bed will allow issues related to the guidance and navigation of high accuracy re-entry body designs to be evaluated in the laboratory prior to the implementation of expensive full scale field tests. Several DoD agencies should be interested in such a test bed and the strategies for overcoming re-entry guidance problems which we will evaluate. Derivative commercial applications are also thought to exist. |
| AGILE SYSTEMS, INC.
3050 Clover Road Bethel, OH 45106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 734-7009
James P Karlen NAVY 00-038 |
| Title: | Robotic Manipulator for Cargo/Weapons Handling |
| Abstract: | It has been determined that manning is the largest cost component in Naval Operations. As a result, the Navy has mandated that crew size on future ship be reduced dramatically. Agile Systems Inc.believes an important opportunity exists across all classes of naval ships to employ employ advanced automation technology to replace sailors in what is perhaps the Navy's single most manpower-intensive process- the delivery of weapons and cargo from pierside warehouses, through a series of supply ships, to the point of use on a surface combatant. No automation system presently exists that meets Navy requirements. the program outlines herein addresses that problem, focussing on the development of a unique robotic pallet and container handling system with the load capacity, speed, and inventory managemant capabilities required to deliver both palletized and containerized cargo and weapons automatically, on demand, within the holds and on the decks of naval vessels. In Phase I, a design concept and specifications for the robotic handling system will be established. In Phase II, a small-scale prototype will be engineered, manufactured, and tested on the Navy's ship dynamics simulator. In Phase III full-scale versions of this system will be implemented for both Navy and industrial applications. *Flexible and reliable automated cargo and weapons handling systems for naval and commercial ships. *Elimonation of forklift trucks and conventional pallet movers and associated manpower. *Automation of palletized and containerized cargo handling in warehouses and factories *Applications in trucking and rail transport systems |
| DEEGAN RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
39 Porter Lane Portsmouth, RI 02871 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 683-1799
Thierry Deegan NAVY 00-038 |
| Title: | Tubular Manipulator Arm with High-Force Strain-Body Electric Actuators |
| Abstract: | Proposed for development is a cargo/weapons handling system based on a family of large-force, small-stroke, high-stiffness electric actuators. The actuators may be combined in a variety of configurations for a wide range of load manipulation tasks. The ultimate implementation is in a set of manipulators based on a snake-like robot arm. They are tubular bodies with multi-jointed skeletons. The members and joints are placed to give the arm as many degrees of freedom in bending, extension, and rotation as are necessary for the task. The initial increment of the actuator family that is proposed to be developed in Phase 1 consists of an effector with and modest range of motion to be used between a weapon grabber and weapon-loading lift truck. The effector augments the four-bar linkage used to lift the weapon to a wing station. The augmentation allows the lift to translate, extend and rotate in an envelope of motion of approximately 4 inches. This capability eliminates much of the man-handling required to jostle a weapon into place and can replace the total man-loading of small weapons such as Sidewinder. It uses what are called strain-body actuators to change the shape of the relatively stiff links of the lift mechanism. This is a stepping stone to the design of a strain-body based 6000-lb capacity manipulator to serve a magazine-elevator. The actuator family proposed for development and its control software, are based on existing commercial products and offer a low-cost development path to a variety of weapon- and cargo-handling devices. These actuators and the manipulators which use them can reduce shipboard manning and can speed material handling processes to minimize replenishment evolutions and to increase on-station time of combatants. Commercial applications for such material handling equipment abound. |
| REMOTE TOOLS, INC.
1120 Edgefield Highway Aiken, SC 29801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(803) 649-1777
D. Keith Appel NAVY 00-038 |
| Title: | Robotic Material Handling Design for Shipboard Applications |
| Abstract: | The RTI robotic material handling system is composed of three nodes: 1. the overhead rail system, 2. robotic manipulator, and 3. electrical controls. The prototype design solution development will be driven by the RTI design philosophy of integrating standard technologies with specialty robotic designs to yield a user friendly, simple, rugged, and effective system. Technology developed through this project can be applied to land-based material handling applications such as manufacturing, construction and warehousing, as well as the commercial shipping industry. The proposed system has the potential to reduce manning requirements and trhe safety risks associated therein. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4175
Thomas H.E. Mendum NAVY 00-039 |
| Title: | An Electrorheologically Based Smart Filter for the Removal of Particulates and Water from Fuels |
| Abstract: | In the future, aircraft carriers will be expected to achieve a sortie rate 50 percent greater than is currently attained. To achieve this increased capability a high fueling rate will be necessary. Fueling rates are currently constrained by the 2000 gpm limitation imposed by the fuel filters. Consequently, the Navy wishes to develop filtration systems that can deliver fuel at rates of up to 4000 gpm, while at the same time requiring that the advanced fuel filter be about half the size and weight of current systems. An important additional requirement is that the health risk associated with maintaining and replacing the cartridge elements on its current fuel filters be eliminated. Foster-Miller proposes evaluating a novel filter medium and innovative filtration technique as the basis for an advanced smart fuel filter that meets these target specifications. The filter medium is a conducting polymer and the filtration technique is electrorheologically (ER)-based. The Phase I program involves selecting the ER substrate, synthesizing the conducting polymer, and characterizing the filter medium. An Option program proposes building and testing a prototype filter. Foster-Miller has teamed with a fuel filter manufacturer to commercialize this product. (p00342) The small, high rate, regenerable filters that result from the advanced filter media will be suitable for treating all fuels used by the military. The performance and operational simplicity of the filters will make them attractive for use by commercial airlines and airports. |
| MECHANICAL SOLUTIONS, INC.
1719 Rt. 10 East, Suite 205 Parsippany, NJ 07054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 326-9920
Chang-Wei Jen NAVY 00-039 |
| Title: | A High Capacity Advanced Fuel Filtration System |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of an innovative design that combines a water-selective and surfactant-inert filter cartridge, with cross-flow filtration (CFF), and a high capacity spiral-wound membrane element design into an, integrated and individually contained filter cartridge. The water-selective filter allows fuel oil to pass through its membrane and repels water on the surface. CFF makes use of the shear force parallel to the filter medium to reduce the contaminant formation and water adsorption on the filter surface. The spiral-wound element design gives the maximum membrane filtration area in a given volume. The filtration unit is composed of the individually contained cartridges (modules). The module design makes the upgrade and down-grade of the system capacity very flexible. The proposed design will offer a safe, reliable, high capacity, efficient, compact, and advanced filtration system. The design is also suitable for scaling to different sizes for various applications of the Navy. It can equally well be used in various commercial fuel oil filtration systems. |
| PROGRESSIVE DESIGN, INC.
P.O. Box 8899, 1011 Boulder Springs Drive, Su Richmond, VA 23225 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(804) 330-8055
Bill Cambell, P.E. NAVY 00-040 |
| Title: | Fire Resistant, Labor Saving, Reduced Weight, Pipe Coupling (Flange) |
| Abstract: | An innovative, technologically advanced piping connector will be designed, prototyped and tested to meet the existing and growing needs of the Navy for a compact cost effective coupling. The recognized limitations/disadvantages of currently available connectors will be minimized or overcome by specific design, materials, and application modifications of currently available technology. The proposed pipe coupling will have a far-reaching impact on future Naval operations and ship design. The compact coupling will allow tighter spacing of pipe headers to minimize both on-board and shore-based mechanical spaces. Its fire-resistant design will help protect Navy personnel from injury and loss of life. The mechanical properties of the connector will make it smaller, lighter and stronger than any make and break piping connection in existence today. Installation and maintenance of the coupling will be faster and easier thereby reducing cost and required craftsman training and skill. |
| TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN
9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 263-2101
Brian Muskopf NAVY 00-040 |
| Title: | Fire Resistant, Labor Saving, Reduced Weight, Pipe Coupling (Flange) |
| Abstract: | Conventional flange-type pipe couplings used aboard U.S. Navy surface ships and submarines typically have a large number of axially oriented bolts located around the circumference of the flange. The installation of conventional pipe couplings requires equal access to all of the bolts to ensure evenly torqued joints. The large number of bolts and accessibility difficulties with conventional pipe couplings results in a labor-intensive process for the removal and installation of these couplings. Nearby structures and equipment often have to be removed and reinstalled to gain access to the hidden bolts, or joints are inadequately tightened in cases where removal of nearby structures is not feasible. Texas Research Institute Austin, Inc. proposes to develop a low-cost, lightweight, fire-resistant, easily accessible composite pipe coupling that meets the requirements of MIL-STD-777E. The use of composite materials will reduce the cost and weight of the coupling while providing a reliable, fire-resistant, corrosion-free service life in excess of 15 years. Development of a low-cost, lightweight, easily accessible, fire-resistant composite pipe coupling has immediate Phase III applications for use aboard U.S. Navy surface ships and submarines. Commercial applications for composite pipe couplings include the offshore oil and gas, and commercial shipping industries. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4114
Robert F. Kovar NAVY 00-042 |
| Title: | Low-Cost, Zero Halogen Optical Cable Jacket to Meet Mil-C-85045 and UL-910 Standards |
| Abstract: | Foster-Miller proposes to extend our successful previous work involving intumescent fire retardant additives to develop a new class of zero halogen fiber optic cable jacket that is safer, fire-resistant and more economical. Our technical approach combines three enabling technologies to produce an innovative jacketing material that is ideal for shipboard and other cable applications. These key technologies include cross-linkable polyethylene polymers, intumescent char-forming fire retardant additives (IFRAs) and polymeric coupling agents that maintain jacket flexibility and enable high IFRA loadings. During normal service, our Intumescent Optical Cable Jacket (IOCJ) meets MIL-C-85045 performance requirements. Upon exposure to fire, the IOCJ expands into a tough, durable, insulating foamed carbonaceous/inorganic char that extinguishes burning and insulates underlying optical fibers from heat of the fire. The IOCJ meets UL 910 fire safety standards. It is self-extinguishing and non-dripping, produces no toxic, halogen-containing gases and emits low smoke, This feature protects crew members and provides time to transmit critical data before cable failure occurs. Phase I will demonstrate feasibility of meeting both MIL-C-85045 and UL-910 with the IOCJ. Our team includes an optical cable manufacturer and experts in zero halogen FRs as well as cable extrusion coating. (p00444) Our fire-resistant, zero halogen intumescent optical cabling jacket, the IOCJ, will improve the safety of U.S. Navy shipboard personnel in the event of a fire by self-extinguishing when ignited and not releasing toxic, irritating halogenated acid fumes upon burning. This technology will have strong commercial potential in safer, improved fire performance optical and electrical cable jackets and wiring insulation. |
| MATERIAL INNOVATION, INC.
130 Woodridge Place Leonia, NJ 07605 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 275-2713
Jason Chou NAVY 00-042 |
| Title: | Cabling Jackets with Zero Halogen to Meet UL910 Flame Test |
| Abstract: | Material Innovation, Inc. (MII) will develop a zero halogen fire resistant material for use in plenum cable jackets, which passes the UL910 flame test. Furthermore, the jacket will be cross-linkable with consistent process-ability and persistent fire resistance at a competitive price. Non-halogen fire resistant technology is one of the most effective methods of reducing fire hazards in a confined space such as the inside of a sea vessel or an aircraft. The zero halogen material offers several advantages over halogenated material upon burning, such as reduced toxic potency of gases, reduced corrosivity of gases, and reduced smoke generation. In Phase I, MII will first develop a silicone containing cross-linkable polyolefin base resin. Then this base resin will be modified by the addition of a phosphorous containing polymer, nano-caly, or polyethersulphone to give several candidates for screening. The ideal material formulation will be chosen based on flame and thermal tests using thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter in conjunction with mechanical tests for tensile strength, elongation, and flexural modulus. Antioxidants and processing aids are also screened for consistent production. In Phase II, this material will be used to produce prototype plenum cables that pass UL910 flame tests for evaluations by interested government agencies and commercial manufacturers. The development of zero halogen, fire resistant cables provides improved fire safety in confined areas where human lives are at stake, and allows people more time to escape from a fire, for example, from an aircraft, a submarine, a shipboard, a subway, or a building. The reduction in corrosive gases during a fire minimizes the damage to sensitive electronic equipment such as in a telephone switching station, or a data processing center. The use of zero halogen cables also offers benefits in lower insurance costs, a reduction in environmental pollution, and compliance with government regulations. The estimated savings is 300 million dollars annually for industrial, commercial, residential, and hotel applications in the US using this new technology. |
| TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN
9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 263-2101
Michael Dingus/Mr. Rock R NAVY 00-042 |
| Title: | Cabling Jackets with Zero Halogen to Meet UL910 Flame Test |
| Abstract: | The combustible nature of polymeric cable jacket materials used aboard U.S. Naval ships is a critical issue for personnel safety. This cable jacket is the material that forms a protective layer around a bundle of fibers, buffered fibers, ribbons or OFCC's. Current shipboard cable jackets are formulated with hydrated metal oxide flame retardant (FR) additives in order to meet the Navy's requirement for non-halogenated compounds. Use of metal oxide FR additives results in jacket materials that meet Naval requirements, however, these same formulations do not meet commercial plenum requirements. Texas Research Institute Austin, Inc. (TRI/Austin) proposes a new dual use cable that will allow the Navy to procure cables from a larger base of suppliers. In turn, this will foster a more competitive atmosphere for acquisitions resulting in cost savings for the Navy. Phase I work will include development of cable jacket compounds that will meet both MIL-PRF-85045F and UL-910 flammability standards. The feasibility of increasing polymer flammability resistance via a combined approach using nanocomposites and conventional non-halogenated FR additives will be determined. Commercial transition of the product will involve full-scale compounding of the jacket materials by RTP Co. and complete cable fabrication by Chromatic Technologies, Inc., during Phase II. Development of a dual use cable that meets both MIL-PRF-85045F and UL-910 will reduce costs to U.S. Navy. Many fire fatalities are due to the production of toxic fumes and thick smoke preventing escape. Development of a product that enhances flame resistance and reduces toxic smoke emissions will potentially save lives. Commercial applications will be found in aerospace, construction, and automotive sectors. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Philip Gatt NAVY 00-045 |
| Title: | Low-Cost Coherent Laser Radar Wind Sensor |
| Abstract: | Wind estimation is a large component in the error budget for LCAC line-charge deployments. The Navy currently has no viable capability for measuring range and cross winds onboard an LCAC. Aim-point accuracy would be greatly enhanced by precise wind measurements. CTI proposes a novel, compact eyesafe laser wind sensor to meet the Navy's measurement requirements. The proposed sensor incorporates a scannerless, air-cooled transceiver technology, which meets or exceeds LCAC measurement requirements. Preliminary performance modeling suggests that a low power (less than 1 Watt) sensor will be capable of making high speed, approximately 1 Hz, range and cross wind velocity estimates with a precision of less than 10 cm/s and a maximum measurement range in excess of 1 km. System degradation, from fog, rain, sea-spay, etc., by as much as 20 dB still results in a measurement precision that meets requirements. In the proposed Phase I/II program, CTI plans to leverage ongoing activities to develop a low-cost wind sensor for clear-air-turbulence detection onboard commercial aircraft. In Phase I CTI will explore the baseline and alternate approaches to determine the most cost-effective solution using high-performance lidar modeling codes. Phase I will culminate into a prototype sensor design and production cost estimate for LCAC applications. In Phase II CTI will develop, test and demonstrate the prototype sensor based upon the Phase I design. Production costs are anticipated to be substantially less than the LCAC requirement. The proposed program will result in the preliminary design of a low-cost, compact, scannerless, air-cooled laser transceiver for short-range wind velocity measurements. This technology will have application in many military as well as commercial settings. Potential commercial applications include, general aviation wind shear detection, airport wind surveillance, environmental monitoring, and in sporting markets like sailing, riflery, etc. |
| OPTICAL AIR DATA SYSTEMS L.P.
P.O. Box 34601 West Bethesda, MD 20827 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 299-6197
Philip L. Rogers NAVY 00-045 |
| Title: | Laser Radar (Lidar) Remote Wind Sensor for LCAC |
| Abstract: | A unique LIDAR wind sensor is proposed for feasibility assessment and design to accurately measure downrange and cross-range wind as an assault breaching tool for the Navy's Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC)vehicle. The ability to compensate for the wind greatly enhances the accuaracy of the assault breaching system launched from LCAC. The proposed LIDAR wind sensor will result in greatly enhance wind accuracy in the launching of assault breaching systems and weapon firing for both small and large caliber weapons. Commercial applications include windshear detection for airline safety as well as airspeed measurement for helicopters outside of the rotor wash influence. |
| ARETE ASSOC.
333 North Wilmot Road, 4th Floor Tucson, AZ 85711 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 571-8660
Brian C. Redman NAVY 00-046 |
| Title: | Scanning Coherent Doppler LIDAR for Bulk Ocean Current Measurements |
| Abstract: | A scanning coherent (heterodyne) Doppler LIDAR velocimeter suitable for non-contact measurement of sub-surface bulk ocean currents is proposed. The Doppler LIDAR velocimeter design will provide accurate current speed and direction in three dimensions from a helicopter at altitudes up to 500 feet while mitigating the effects of surface noise, partial depolarization of the return, spatial and temporal coherence degradation, and platform motions. The LIDAR will be range resolved to mitigate surface noise effects. Current direction will be determined by using a conical scan. The measured doppler velocity as a function of azimuthal scan angle will be a periodic signal whose amplitude, phase, and offset determine the 3D current direction and speed. Using GPS data, inertial measurement unit (IMU) data, and scanner encoder data, the effects of the helicopter's motion can be subtracted out of the signal. Initial design models indicate that 1 knot speed accuracy and 5 degrees direction accuracy are achievable. In Phase I, design trade studies will compare the performance of several doppler velocimeter configurations through detailed computer models and simulations. An optimized design for a Phase II breadboard prototype will be produced. The prototype development and testing will follow in Phase II. An optimized Doppler LIDAR current velocimeter will benefit mine countermeasure missions in which the current is a major factor in the mission's probability of success. This sensor will also be of great importance to missions requiring diver insertion. Such a sensor has commercial applications for commercial fishing to locate fish habitats, for civil engineering in mapping currents at proposed sites for bridges and piers, and for environmental monitoring of probable transport paths for pollutants. Arete has previously transitioned other high resolution, real time optical sensor systems to the commercial marketplace, and anticipates similar success with the scanning coherent doppler lidar system. |
| METROLASER, INC.
18010 Skypark Circle, Suite 100 Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 553-0688
Cecil F. Hess, Ph.D. NAVY 00-046 |
| Title: | Optical System for Remote Measurement of Ocean Currents |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop an optical-based system to measure the velocity of ocean currents from a helicopter. Two strategies discussed in the proposal, are capable of providing depth-resolved velocity. Preliminary analyses performed in preparation of this proposal show that both strategies should be capable of measuring velocity with the required 1-knot resolution. We anticipate, however, that due to practical and cost considerations, one of the strategies will be down-selected and that the prototype system will be built around it. Analytical studies and proof-of-concept experiments are planned for the Phase I effort culminating in the conceptual design of a fieldable system. The fully developed system will be capable of measuring the velocity distribution of the ocean currents as a function of depth over large areas. Commercial applications include managing oil spills, measuring the dispersion of pollutants in the ocean, and studying fish habitat. |
| RH LYON CORP.
691 Concord Ave. Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 864-7260
Richard H. Lyon NAVY 00-047 |
| Title: | LASER Vibration Monitoring of Unmanned Machinery |
| Abstract: | Condition Based Maintenance has been shown to be effective in reducing costs and failures compared with Preventative Maintenance. Much shipboard equipment now has either permanently mounted transducers with connections to remote pickup or are serviced by a roving system consisting of transducers and a data logger. The Navy is also moving to systems that connect to a ship's network. But it will not be cost effective to provide a dedicated connection to many small and mid-sized units that exist in ship's compartments. The solution to this problem is a single sensor and processor servicing a number of units. It is proposed here that this be done using a laser vibrometer that sequentially gathers vibration data from a group of machines by illuminating them at particular test points. The light beam is directed to a particular test point by the combination of a vibrometer rotating table and a mirror. Issues with regard to the feasibility of the system include the vibration of the vibrometer and the mirror(s) and surface contamination of the mirror(s) and the retro-reflective tape at the test point. A simulation of a test bay allows us to determine the effects of vibration, contamination, and optical alignment. Reduced manpower requirements, compatibility with LAN shipboard information systems, improved access to some machines, remote operation, download of new software for data analysis |
| LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING, INC.
4360 Corporate Road, Suite 100 North Charleston, SC 29405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 892-8585
Ronald D. Thomas NAVY 00-048 |
| Title: | Design and develop a real-time on-line RMA trends and analysis reporting assessment database for Towed Array Systems |
| Abstract: | Submarine Towed Array Systems (TAS) need a process for automating the collection of system specific data related to fleet-wide operational performance. The purpose of implementing such a process is to realize the benefits of applying Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) to these remotely operated, externally located systems. This process should be an integration of elements which automatically collects real-time on-line Reliability, Maintainability and Availability (RMA) data, conducts diagnostic/prognostic analysis, and provides reports and access to users throughout the community. Analysis will include total and sub-system TAS health assessment and prediction, trending of input and output data and other selected maintenance related functions. The development of an integrated hardware and embedded software system with support hardware is required to construct a process accomplishing these functions. The LCE/ARET TEAM proposes the design and development of a COTS-based automated data collection, centralized repository, and analysis system for TAS RMA related data. This effort leverages previously demonstrated individual ship system health monitoring results. The database will be integrated with new design and existing modeling and simulation tools to predict the Fleet TAS health. The use of a complex Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) will provide the basis for the implementation of an integrated predictive tool with process diagnostic technology. The application of an integrated BBN-based predictive reliability assessment capability to commercial equipment and process plants can be highly valuable in minimizing the down-time of production facilities. This approach can immediately improve the maintenance planning process in many industries, by scheduling outages at the most economical points in the production runs, by taking advantage of just-in-time procurement of repair parts and maintenance-related materials, and by achieving the optimum utilization of plant maintenance personnel, funding and ancillary support facilities. The true value of condition based maintenance is realized only when proactive maintenance is scheduled to avert costly non-random system failures. The potential cost savings in preventing emergent repairs and operational delays is extremely significant when the consequences of failure are ruinous. This occurs when downtime is particularly costly to the operation or when the system fails often. With the current trend of fielding more sophisticated system designs with higher performance requirements, the increased complexity decreases overall reliability. The proposed CBM predictive approach is particularly beneficial to improve these processes. |
| ORINCON HAWAII, INC.
970 North Kalaheo Avenue, Suite C-215 Kailua, HI 96734 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(808) 254-1532
Reid Shizumura NAVY 00-049 |
| Title: | Innovative Signal Processing Concepts for Active Emissions |
| Abstract: | Current submarine acoustic intercept receivers provide inadequate detection and localization performance against active target emissions and are also highly susceptible to false alarms from clutter sources such as biologics. The proposed system will overcome these limitations by utilizing data from all available sensor suites, employing advanced signal processing and classification algorithms, and applying modern localization techniques. This system will exploit "wavefront curvature processing" techniques by using a suite of multisensor correlators, operating in parallel, to determine the time differences in an active signal arriving at the various submarine sensors. The multichannel correlators include a leading-edge detector for CW signal detection and a broadband correlator for FM-type signals (e.g., hyperbolic frequency modulated). Utilizing data from hydrophones located along the length of the submarine (e.g., AN/BQA-8, CRH, and WLR-9) sensor aperture will be maximized, thus improving target localization measurements such as bearing and range. Furthermore, detection ranges will be increased by using beamformed data from the wide-aperture array and/or spherical array. The proposed system will provide the United States Navy with a unique and cost-effective method of automatically detecting, localizing, and classifying active acoustic emissions from targets of interest. This system will demonstrate the feasibility of using current submarine sensors to solve crucial active intercept receiver needs. |
| PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP.
8809 Sudley Road, Suite 101 Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 368-6107
Ronald D. Ghen NAVY 00-049 |
| Title: | Innovative Signal Processing Concepts for Active Emissions |
| Abstract: | Development of innovative active emission signal processing requires the ability to exploit the full detection and localization potential of the submarine or surface ships sensor suite. Providing a defensive capability that can rapidly detect, classify and localize potential threats (eg. incoming torpedoes) requires signal-processing automation techniques that when integrated together yield a total solution. Integration of several stand-alone active intercept processors that exist today for both the submarine and surface ship platforms can provide the necessary technologies to achieve that goal. Finally, through this integration development, significant life cycle cost-savings, risk-mitigation and platform space and weight reductions are achievable. The results of this project are anticipated to have application to both commercial and military systems. Initial customers are intended to be PMS401, PMS415, PMS425, and PMS450 programs. Since the research is targeted towards system integration, detection, classification and localization techniques for active emission signals, the resulting technologies from this topic could be used support complex-theater threat assessment, war gaming, airborne surveillance, Theater Air Defense (TAD) detection, classification, and tracking systems. Finally, this research will provide with the opportunity to identify new methods for achieving high performance innovative signal processing applications using industry standard development environments. |
| JACKPINE TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
1700 Four Oaks Road, Suite 227 Eagan, MN 55121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 414-4379
Robert J. Shepherd NAVY 00-050 |
| Title: | Plug-and-Play Network Administration |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a set of software tools to assist shipboard network administrators. Our proposed approach leverages a Jini-based Plug-and-Play equipment Control and Management architecture that Jackpine Technologies and Lockheed Martin are building in conjunction with the Virginia Class Submarine (NSSN) Exterior Communication System (ECS). In this SBIR, we will examine ways of assisting the system administrator's decision making process, and raising the level of automation and functional abstraction that the system can support. We will establish technical requirements for a software toolset to support network administration. We will identify the modifications needed to the core Plug-and-Play architecture to support the toolset and we will develop a top-level Graphical User Interface to support the administration function. The system we propose, once implemented, will demonstrate a new approach to maintaining complex distributed systems. In addition to the Plug-and-Play aspects of our design, our Jini-based architecture will provide the means and mechanisms for non-intrusive monitoring and administration of a networked system. The first target for our technology is the NSSN, and then to the 688, Ohio, and Seawolf Class boats. Requirements for similar systems exist within the surface Navy and commercial market. |
| PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP.
8809 Sudley Road, Suite 101 Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 368-6107
Michael P. MacKay NAVY 00-050 |
| Title: | Smart Tools to Support Shipboard Network Administrators |
| Abstract: | COTS initiatives within the DOD over the past decade have resulted in a proliferation of platforms beset with increasingly more diverse and complex systems. These systems have been comprised of a heterogeneous fabric of COTS products each of which requires not only day-to-day administration but also periodic maintenance. The military venue must staff this task with part-time system administrators with no formal network training. Smart administrative tools, which lessen the training required to administer these systems as well as shorten the time required to manage and maintain them, can significantly benefit overall readiness. To improve the effectiveness of administration and reduce the amount of training necessary, A single tool will be developed that provides access to the existing toolsets through a single easy-to-use web based user interface. In addition, it provides the capability for multiple-source, intelligent, diagnostic aids. Furthermore, it will be open, flexible, platform independent, and extensible. It will be based heavily on Java and JINI technologies. It also provides robust interfaces for other tools, including CORBA, SQL, and TCP/IP. This framework and user interface address the needs of complex, heterogeneous networks built largely with commercial products. As such, these tools will have immediate commercial potential. The use of Java, JINI, and CORBA facilitates rapid development, platform independence, reduced cost-of-ownership, longevity, and an attractive return on investment. Furthermore, sub-components of these tools will have commercial appeal to other tools administration vendors. |
| SYSTEMS & MATERIALS RESEARCH CORP.
113 S. Cuernavaca Austin, TX 78733 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 263-0822
Alan V. Bray NAVY 00-051 |
| Title: | Development of a Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Technology for Inspecting Structural Welds under Coatings |
| Abstract: | To transmit energy through the submarine anechoic coating the SMRC/FBS team proposes to use high power ultrasonic Low Frequency Guided Waves (LFGW) in the 15 - 70 kHz frequency range. Initial modeling shows that LFGW can couple into the HY-80 hull steel from the coating, and defects can be detected by keying on guided wave mode conversions. To accomplish this two new innovative transdcuer designs are proposed (there are no off-the-shelf transducers in this range): A Langevin transdcuer, similar to the Tonpilz designs used for active sonar at lower frequencies, and a conventional design transdcuer that uses an innovative piezo-composite driver. In Phase I these will be made with a center frequency of 70 kHz with skirts to 40 kHz in order to stay within the range of off-the-shelf tone-burst pulser/receiver systems, and to collect data for optimizing Phase II LFGW transdcuer designs. Testing in Phase I will center on estimating the amount of energy coupled into the hull steel and returned for detection analysis, and determining the sensitivity to weld defect detection. Marketing in Phase I includes a detailed Fleet introduction plan, presentation of results at a Navy conference, and an R&D announcement mail-out to potential industrial customers. Phase II planning includes developing a LFGW tone-burst system and LFGW trasnducers, all capable of operating at frequencies in the 15 - 70 kHz range. Inspection of welds under thick anechoic and thermal insulation coatings could save millions in insepction costs in both military and commercial markets, and improve safety margins for high dollar items such as submarines and pressure vessels. As ultrasoniuc frequencies are pushed into the low frequency regime related technology benefits can also accure for long distance guided wave NDE of heavy wall pipe and ship/submarine propulsion shaft inspections. |
| TRISTAN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
6350 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 102 San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 550-2720
Douglas N. Paulson NAVY 00-051 |
| Title: | SQUID Magnetometer for Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Inspection of Ferromagnetic Structural Welds under Thick Coatings |
| Abstract: | Lifetime monitoring of structural integrity in ships and submarines requires NDE inspection techniques capable of examination of hull welds beneath advanced coatings. The significant thickness (up to 2") and energy dissipating properties of these coatings tend to substantially degrade the capability of many conventional NDE techniques. This work proposes the development of an NDE system utilizing SQUID technology incorporating ac and dc magnetic field techniques. This would allows the capability to conduct inspections completely from the outboard side of the hull with the requisite sensitivities (noise number) and very low frequency bandwidths required for inspecting through thick coatings. We will address the following objectives: - Determine the metrics that affects the detectability of flaws in thick steel welded plates. - Examine flaw detection sensitivity to critical system variables. - Determine the optimum measurement technique for SQUID detection of flaws. - Establish the optimum SQUID magnetometer hardware configuration for detecting flaws. - Evaluate image processing and data analysis techniques. - Determine the minimum detectable flaw using existing SQUID NDE techniques. During the Phase I effort, we will adapt existing SQUID NDE equipment to measure a variety of samples to evaluate SQUID NDE as an improved Navy inspection method. The development of a laboratory instrument will provide data on hull flaws that will reduce the probability of failure of a structurally significant element. This benefits inspection planning and maintenance, reduces costs, and increases ship availability. The technologies developed will have substantial dual-use impact, both in military and civilian use. Specific benefits to the Navy shall be improved detection of planar and volumetric flaws in full-penetration butt welds covered by thick protective coatings. We anticipate substantial time and cost savings due to the ability to make inspections without the need to remove hull coatings. The ability to detect bad welds will be increased by the proposed work. Since the problem is measurement through thick coatings, the measurement methodologies developed will be also be applicable to NDE inspection during original hull construction for all Naval vessels with commensurate time and dollar reductions. There will also be benefits to the commercial sector. There are a number of applications where significant depth information is needed, but the structures may not have coatings. There is a demand for the ability to see deep flaws in ferrous structure such as commercial ships, nuclear reactor confinement vessels, oil storage tanks and rails for high speed trains. In reality, the constraints for these measurements are reduced due to the absence of thick overcoatings and reduced standoff distances. This makes it easier to design and manufacture a commercially oriented SQUID NDE inspection system. An improved NDE inspection method that can reduce the probability of structure failures has significant benefit to many industries. |
| SONALYSTS, INC.
215 Parkway North, P.O. Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 849-0400
Michael W. Phelps NAVY 00-052 |
| Title: | Application of Virtual Large Display Video Goggles to Submarine Imaging Systems |
| Abstract: | Sonalysts, Inc. proposes leveraging our Team's extensive research and development background with state-of-the-art visual technologies to introduce goggles displaying a large field of view video scene from the periscope imaging sensors. A number of benefits are offered to the imaging system operator and his supervisor, including filling the operator's field of view and reducing peripheral distractions, thereby creating a sense of "immersion" into the current scene; and enabling the supervisor to be mobile while viewing what the operator sees. Key Phase I objectives include: defining the operational and technical requirements that will be used to assess available technology and evaluate candidate goggles, demonstrating the video scene with prototype goggles, and developing the architecture for integration of goggles with the submarine imaging system hardware and software. Our focus will ensure that submarine fleet requirements and issues are addressed and weighed in the investigation of the most appropriate commercial off-the- shelf (COTS) components. We will ensure interoperability between all components and explore the commercial applications to broaden the opportunities of this topic area. Our proposed approach will advance the state-of-the-art applications for the submarine fleet and bring increased performance opportunities for the imaging operator and his supervisor. An immersive environment that allows mobility and flexibility will be the effect of the integration of COTS goggle technology. Commercial opportunities for goggles include remote surveillance and security monitoring uses, medical and surgical procedures, and machinery diagnostics and inspections. |
| APPLIED EM, INC.
P.O. Box 130026 Ann Arbor, MI 48113 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-0118
C. J. Reddy NAVY 00-053 |
| Title: | A Highly Directional, Printed Compact Antenna for Multifunctional Submarine Communications |
| Abstract: | An innovative, highly directional, wide-band UHF (250MHz-4000MHz) antenna for submarine applications is proposed. The proposed antenna is conformal and compact, and can be configured as an array to satisfy larger power and variable beamwidth requirements for low interference applications. It is based on a proven concept developed for wide-band sensing and communications purposes as part of a University research project. The design has already been demonstrated for UHF to 5GHz continuous band performance. Under this proposal, we intend to (a) design an array configuration to satisfy the highly directional, power, gain and mounting requirements for the proposed application, (b) account for radome and platform effects, (c) consider a smaller design of the conformal antenna element for greater flexibility. The proposed concept allows for extremely flexible designs and versions of the antenna elements have already been used for airborne conformal applications down to HF frequencies. Compact and affordable broadband conformal antennas are needed for a variety of communications applications. The proposed antenna structure(s) will have widespread uses in mobile communications including automobiles, civil and general aviation, GPS, PCS, Cellular, LAN, etc. that require multi-functionality and broad bandwidths using a single aperture. |
| VOSS SCIENTIFIC
418 Washington St., S.E. Albuquerque, NM 87108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 255-4201
Clifton Courtney NAVY 00-053 |
| Title: | Design and Demonstration of a Compact UHF Antenna using Coaxial Beam-Rotating Antenna Technology |
| Abstract: | This proposal presents an innovative design concept for a prototype UHF antenna that is compact in physical size, and produces a directional, circularly polarized beam steerable through 360-degrees in the horizontal plane. The proposed antenna will utilize a lensed Coaxial Beam-Rotating antenna (COBRA) feed horn and a rotatable flat plate reflector to direct a collimated, high-gain beam with circular polarization in the desired direction. The antenna will be designed to fit within a right circular cylinder 18 inches in diameter and 35 inches high. The design for this compact UHF antenna utilizes a technology developed and validated by Voss Scientific, specifically, the Coaxial Beam-Rotating Antenna. The concept uses a COBRA lens design, proprietary to Voss Scientific, to adjust the "electrical" path length of the wavefront and produce a boresight peak pattern with circular polarization. Most recently this antenna technology was utilized by the Air Force Research Laboratory for applications in its Directed Energy / High Power Microwave program. The unique properties of the COBRA have been incorporated into the proposed antenna concept, and the resulting design is expected to meet and exceed the requirements for a highly directional compact UHF antenna operating in the 800 MHz to 2500 MHz range. The proposed antenna design will meet a current military need for a compact, high gain UHF antenna with a low probability of intercept. Physical and operational properties of the proposed antenna (compact, high gain, low side lobes, circular polarization) that make it well suited to the military application, will mean that it also has potential application in the cellular phone, and Personal Communications Services industries. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4283
Robert Lee Cardenas NAVY 00-054 |
| Title: | Non-Metallic Bearings (PDC Bearings) |
| Abstract: | The Navy currently uses bearings that are required to operate in a variety of environments simultaneously including: dry; in a submerged marine environment; under significant physical loads; at great depths; and under ambient temperatures ranging from 30 to 125§F. These bearings are used in many different types of rotating machinery, many with large diameter shafts and great loads (2 to 3 tons per shaft). Bearings used in these applications have several drawbacks. The bearings require lubrication and have been known to crack under load, which must be maintained even at great depths. Inspecting and re-lubricating these bearings is very expensive. A bearing that will meet the requirements of no lubrication, low friction, and high strength while maintaining low cost and the ability to operate in all environments mentioned above would improve the existing implementations and allow for expanded application. A Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bearing will meet these requirements. PDC bearings have proven to be cost effective in the oil field industry. A Phase I program is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of applying PDC Bearing technology to Navy bearing needs. The program will result in a bearing design that can be retrofitted to a Navy bearing application. (p00479) Developing PDC bearings for the Navy use will increase the reliability the systems that are presently compromised by high maintenance requirements brought about by inaccessibility or sever environmental conditions. Presently PDC bearings have use in the oil field industry. The application can be leveraged into other industries where high loads, inaccessibility and environmental conditions combine for form prohibitive maintenance requirements. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
J.C. Withers NAVY 00-056 |
| Title: | Low Cost Net-Formed Refractory Composites for Hot Gas Valve Components |
| Abstract: | Hot gas valve components which can withstand rocket propellant gas environments of over 3500§F are enabling for Divert and Altitude Control Systems (DACS) for endo- and exo-atmospheric inceptors. State-of-the-art hot gas valve components have limited performance and are costly to produce. In a team effort of MER and Aerojet, composite processing which can produce carbon-carbon (C/C) at under ten dollars per pound will be utilized to functional grade refractory compound compositions to produce the pure refractory compound on the composite surface. Several refractory compound composition composites will be produced and screen characterized. Select compositions will be further investigated to enhance performance as well as reduce processing cost and cycle time to 24-48 hours. Down-selected composition(s) will be fabricated into components and rocket motor tested during the option period. The optimized refractory compound composites will be translated to a missile vendor base for Navy and all DoD DACS applications as well as applications in aerospace, engines and other commercial high temperature applications. |
| PLASMA PROCESSES, INC.
4914 D Moores Mill Road Huntsville, AL 35811 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 851-7653
Timothy McKechnie NAVY 00-056 |
| Title: | Low-Cost, Net Shape Fabrication of Propulsion and Hot Gas Components |
| Abstract: | Techniques are needed to reduce the cost and fabrication time of refractory metal and ceramic propulsion and hot gas components. Refractory metal and ceramic materials are being used for their high operating temperatures and chemical stability. However, the difficulty of forming these materials into complex shapes has limited their application in the past. PPI proposes to demonstrate and commercialize low cost, net shape fabrication of refractory and ceramic propulsion and hot gas components using Low Pressure Plasma Spray (LPPS). The technique involves spraying material onto a mandrel of the desired shape and subsequently removing the mandrel. A primary advantage of LPPS forming over other powder metallurgy techniques is that near-net-shape spray forming of components significantly simplifies and reduces the cost of fabrication due to the high material utilization and reduction of laborious machining. Exploitation of these rapid processing techniques will decrease the cost of fabricating components by >50% and the manufacturing time by >90%. In Phase I, LPPS Parameters and forming techniques will be developed to allow the deposition of dense, stress-free materials. The techniques will then be used to fabricate and hot-fire test propulsion and hot gas components for Thiokol Propulsion and Space America, Inc. The results of the Phase I effort will clearly demonstrate the ability to fabricate low cost, stress-free refractory metal and ceramic propulsion and hot gas components. LPPS parameters, which are largely unknown for >2000øC operational materials, will be developed to allow production of hot-fire test specimens. Hot-fire testing will demonstrate the ability of LPPS components to meet the stringent thermal and mechanical requirements. Clients who are supporting PPI on this technology are rocket engine and missile producers and users such as NASA, DOD, Rocketdyne, Thiokol, Aerojet, Pratt & Whitney, and Space America, Inc. In addition, PPI will develop and transfer the technology for other commercial applications such as: arc-jet thrusters, heat exchangers, heat pipes, welding electrodes, plasma facing components for nuclear reactors, gas turbines, automobile engines, incinerators, thermal control coatings, oxidation protective coatings, liners for composite parts and structures, structural jackets on tubular combustors and nozzles, and storage vessels. |
| POWDERMET, INC.
9960 Glenoaks Blvd, Unit A Sun Valley, CA 91352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 768-6420
Andrew J. Sherman NAVY 00-056 |
| Title: | Powder Injection Molded Rhenium Fluidic Valves |
| Abstract: | Kinetic kill vehicles rely on using hot gas divert systems to provide vehicle control enabling target intercept. With high Mach hit to kill vehicles, divert systems capable of upwards of 50g capabilities are used, requiring using high pressure, high-energy (temperature) hot gas divert systems. These structures must be manufactured from refractory materials, which are currently very costly and difficult to manufacture. The proposed Phase I program will demonstrate Powder Injection Molding (PIM) a liquid-activated sinterable rhenium powder and demonstrate sinterability into net-shape components. Net-shape fabrication of three valve components, including a fluidic amplifier structure, diverter ball structure with in-situ diverter ball, and 3-D supply tubing component. The resultant PIM fabrication process will result in a 90% reduction in the fabrication cost of these critical, high cost components. Innovative powder coating and low temperature sintering technology will be used to produce and characterize refractory metal composite structures for use in divert propulsion systems. The technology developed in the proposed program will result in an up to 90% reduction in the cost of LEAP solid diverter valves which are used in the NMD missile defense system, and will enable expanded applications into guided ordinance systems such as the ERGM, mortar rounds, and other defense applications. |
| ADVANCED POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1250 24th Street, NW, Suite 850 Washington, DC 20037 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 223-8808
Randy Rohr NAVY 00-057 |
| Title: | Propulsion Improvement for Long Range Guns |
| Abstract: | This research will produce a means of increasing the muzzle velocity of Naval guns that has the lowest risk of any concepts currently known to the research community. In addition the concept will produce very nearly the greatest muzzle energy possible from a given propellant volume. This is all possible because of the integration of two, newly developed propulsion technologies along with new ideas for ignition control and travelling charges for very high velocity projectile launch requirements. Thanks to these multiple, embedded ignition sources within the propellant, the energy release can begin very gradually allowing nearly solid loading densities, assuring the maximum possible energy release from a bulk loaded charge. APTI believes that a very high burn rate (VHBR) propellant or regenerative liquid propellant based in-bore gas generator or "fumer" can provide a very practical, low risk alternative to the yet undemonstrated traveling charge. By supplying make-up gas at the base of the projectile, the projectile base pressure could be tailored for best performance. Ignition of this charge would be delayed until after peak pressure and gas generation rate controlled by means to be discussed. The delay would continue until the projectile had reached a speed that was signifigant relative to the sound speed of the combustion products. Commercial applications share many of the same potential benifits of smart charge technology but with perhaps a greater emphasis on safety. There are three safety features of smart distributed ignition that are currently not possible otherwise: 1)encoded firing signals to prevent unauthorized firing, 2)shunting of active electrical elements while not in use prevents accidental firing from E-M inputs, and 3) electrical mode shaping to produce duding upon request. Elaborate timing and selection sequences are possible for applications such as people-smart airbags that inflate to different levels according to passenger weight or different velocities according to impact speed. Fireworks displays could perhaps be made safer and much more elaborate if coded, more carefully timed igniters were used. Explosive charges made in large monolithic blocks with embedded igniters would be safer to transport and handle than bulk explosives and powdered propellants because of features like structural integrity, reduced exposed surface area, and protective covering. |
| CUSTOM ANALYTICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEM
13000 Tensor Lane, NE Flintstone, MD 21530 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 722-2013
Amos Alexander NAVY 00-057 |
| Title: | Propulsion Improvement for Long Range Guns |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase I effort is to establish the feasibility and performance benefits of incorporating a traveling charge to achieve maximum gun launch energy while minimizing peak pressure and acceleration loads. The effort involves three primary tasks: (1) Preliminary design and analysis of single ram and double ram projectile, traveling charge, and fixed charge designs; (2) Selection of applicable traveling charge propellant compositions and corresponding grain designs; and (3) Characterize interior ballistic performance of single ram and double ram traveling charge configurations for variations of traveling charge to fixed charge mass ratios and for various delay times between ignition of the fixed charge and ignition of the traveling charge. Should the effort result in developing a traveling charge approach that can be applied to existing and/or future Navy gun systems, significant range performance increases could potentially be realized without imposing additional structural demands on either the gun system or the projectile. |
| VERITAY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
4845 Millersport Highway, P.O. Box 305 East Amherst, NY 14051 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 689-0177
James T. Barnes NAVY 00-057 |
| Title: | A Smart Cartridge for Long Range Gun Propulsion Improvements |
| Abstract: | The Navy's long-range gun fire support was greatly diminished when 16-inch guns were retired from the fleet, leaving the 5-inch 54 gun as the highest performance naval gun. The emergence of antiship cruise missiles among potentially adversarial states has created the need for greater standoff and even greater range for Navy guns. This need is real and immediate. We believe that the bests approach for extending the range of Navy 5-inch guns is through the use of efficient high-energy propelling charges. The proposedl concept features a dense propelling charge with roughly 40 percent increase in charge energy over that of a conventional loose granular propellant bed while still using a 5-inch cartridge case. To achieve an efficient interior ballistic process, the ignition process will feature two or more electronically controlled steps that will allow great latitude in selection of charge design parameters. Concept feasibility will be determined during the proposed Phase I program using the XKTC and NGEN interior ballistics codes, which are recognized throughout the gun community as being state-of-the-art in interior ballistics simulation. The smart cartridge concept has many benefits including no projectile parasitic weight, use of the current 5-inch cartridge case if required, ability to compensate for ambient temperature effects, and ability to use a common charge for several projectiles by changing controller setpoint parameters. |
| COMBUSTION PROPULSION & BALLISTIC
1217 Smithfield Street State College, PA 16801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-6989
Kenneth K. Kuo NAVY 00-059 |
| Title: | ADVANCED REACTIVE MATERIALS AS PROPELLANTS |
| Abstract: | A family of energetic propellants and solid fuels will be developed in the proposed Phase I study. Arrangement of energetic material supply such as ultra-fine aluminum and boron carbide powders has been made through a vendor with special technology for energetic powders development. The selection of energetic propellant formulations is based upon the propulsion performance and safety behavior of these energetic materials. The characterization of the combustion and safety behavior will be conducted by the state-of-the-art techniques. The strand burning rates, temperature sensitivities, burning stability parameters, and activation energies will be characterized using well-equipped diagnostic instruments and facility. Commercialization of these propellants and energetic solid fuels has been planned for many applications, as described in the following section. Collaboration with numerous industrial companies has also been planned for broad commercial application of these new generation of energetic materials. There are numerous benefits from this proposed research. First, the effectiveness of ultra-fine energetic powders on the control of propellant and solid fuel burning behavior will be demonstrated from this research. Second, the feasibility of utilizing energetic materials for propulsion purposes will be assessed. Third, once the superior performance of a family of high energy reactive materials has been demonstrated, many industrial companies will benefit from the use of these materials for both military and commercial applications. The proposer has broad contacts with various companies involved in propellant manufacturing, space propulsion, safety device design and fabrication, test and evaluation, and development of special tools. These companies include: Thiokol Aerospace and Industrial Technologies, Alliant TechSystem, Inc., United Technology - Chemical System Division, Aerojet Propulsion, Aerospace Corporation, Primex Aerospace Company, Atlantic Research Corporation, Talley Defense Systems, Lockheed Martin, Boeing Aerospace, North American Rocketdyne, Air Products and Chemical,Inc., and many others. As previously stated, many of these companies will be interested in using high-performance propellants for various commercial applications. Some of these applications are listed below: - airbag inflators for automobiles, - emergency escape systems for aircrafts - connecting large diameter electric cables by actuating a compression unit energized by rapid combustion process of energetic materials - high-pressure water jet for cutting explosives, cheeses, steel pipes, etc. - demolition of unwanted structures such as buildings, bridges, towers, etc. - high-performance space propulsion rockets for space exploration - planned avalanches triggered by using explosives, - rock and earth blasting for mining purposes by setting off explosives - improvements of firework displays - carving and etching into solid surfaces using high-energy reactive materials |
| GENERAL SCIENCES, INC.
205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 723-8588
Peter D. Zavitsanos NAVY 00-059 |
| Title: | ADVANCED REACTIVE MATERIALS AS PROPELLANTS |
| Abstract: | In order to gain the full potential from application of metal and elemental powder based materials to generate an enhanced propellant formulation, General Sciences,Incorporated (GSI), proposes to investigate the use of intrinsically reactive intermetallic based compositions for the production of an increase impulse propellant. The Phase I program will establish a basis for the application and selection of reactive intermetallic systems, to include an analysis of the reaction/combustion process in a typical propellant composition, determination(experimentally) of the change in the resultant propellant characteristics (e.g., thrust, burn rate,specific impulse) and an initial material safety screening evaluation. The successful completion of this effort will result in an innovative technique to increase the performance of not only cast propellants, but also of gun propellants, ducted propellant engines and hybrid motors. Successful completion of the proposed effort will result in the identification of propellant formulations producing a higher specific impulse. This technology is capable of being utilized by the majority of propellant application in both the military and commercial sector including rocket propulsion, ducted ram jets and gas generators. A direct transition of the technology developed can be made to the SCRAMSHELL effort under the Hypersonic Gun Launched Weapons Technology Program. Initial discussions for transition of this technology have been started and potential bridge and/or follow-on funding identified. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
James Burnett NAVY 00-060 |
| Title: | MMC Winged Extended Range Advanced Projectile |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems, Inc. (TSI) proposes to develop a hybrid continuous fiber aluminum matrix composite (AMC) polymer matrix composite (PMC) material to join an AMC folding wing to the casing of a gun launched modified ERGM round to attain extended range. TSI has teamed with Custom Analytical Engineering Systems (CAES) who will provide design and systems level expertise for this effort. A ceramic fiber reinforced metal matrix composite wing is proposed that will fold around the projectile casing inside a sabot and deploy when the sabot is discarded after firing. The stiff, thin, metal matrix composite will provide an increased lift to drag ratio to the munition and will leave most of the rocket motor bay available for the an increase in warhead size. A slight decrease in the outside diameter of the projectile will be necessary to allow for the sabot and the wings within the 5-in- bore of the barrel. The hybrid composite will also enable the PMC munitions casing to be more efficiently joined to the end fittings. It is anticipated that the hybrid joint will permit the compressive load on the munitions casing to be significantly increased, allowing for more setback G's and a higher muzzle velocity. The hybrid PMC MMC joint proposed for development under this program has an extensive array of potential commercial applications. Joining PMC's to standard fittings for assembly is the classic problem associated with utilizing PMC materials. This program proposes to develop the solution to integrate near net shape cast MMC materials to PMC's in load bearing structures. A few applications include missile casing end fittings, space truss tube end fittings, bicycle frame fittings, automobile frames, bodies and joints, drive shaft end fittings, propeller hub assemblies and airframe components of all kinds. |
| ZONA TECHNOLOGY, INC.
7430 E. Stetson Drive, Suite 2 Scottsdale, AZ 85251 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 945-9988
Changho Nam NAVY 00-060 |
| Title: | Extended-Range Projectile Using Body-Conformal Oblique Wing/Tails with Smart Structure Control |
| Abstract: | ZONA proposes an innovative EGRM projectile design using body-conformal oblique wing/tails with smart-structure (actuator) control. This guided projectile can maintain optimal lift-to-drag ratio throughout its supersonic to subsonic flight phases and can achieve without rocket motor an extended range exceeding the maximum range required (63nm). With the guidance/nose cone section unaltered, the wing/tails fit conformally to the ERGM projectile skin structure with minimum impact to the remaining internal volume. The improved performance include: (a) large increase in the volume and warhead payload, (b) extended range; (c) increased mission flexibility by enhanced maneuverability; (d) reduced flight time; and (e) cost reduction. The proposed approach is to merge the outstanding aerodynamic characteristics of the oblique-wing/tails with smart structures for twist/camber control to achieve optimal lift-to-drag ratios throughout flight and enhanced maneuverability by adding direct lift control. Central in the smart-structure control system design is the use of ASTROS*(Automated Structural Optimization Systems, developed and improved by AFRL/ZONA) with other control algorithms. Other proposed tasks include smart-structure control system design, wing/tail smart-structures design integration, performance evaluation using a 6-DOF comprehensive simulation and to ingrate the simulation into the Phoenix Integration Corporation Model Center product. ZONA will package the developed software with NASTRAN and ASTROS* and jointly market them with MSC as commercialized software products to ZONA and MSC's customers worldwide. If successful, the complete hardware/software smart-structure control technology should be adopted by the aerospace/defense industry to design the next generation missile and air vehicles. Potential customers include: DoD, NASA, private sectors for NSFS projectiles, missiles, drones and UAV/UCAV and TAV's. Technology/commercial transition can be carried over to the Navy/ALAM program, the US Army/Marine 115mm artillery program, and its anti-ship missions. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.
11400 West Olympic Blvd., Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 65--970
Menachem Levitas NAVY 00-061 |
| Title: | Effect of Ocean Waves on Tracking Low-E Objects in Multipath |
| Abstract: | To develop and evaluate the next generation of Low-E (low elevation) detection and tracking algorithms, the Navy surface radar community must have more accurate, efficient and robust models of the effects of ocean waves and multipath on radar signal propagation. This must include a realistic, oceanographic-based, facet-model of the sea surface. Existing approaches have utilized a flat surface with a single signal reflection point coupled with a 'roughness' factor to account for sea-state. An alternative technique, suggested in the technical information package accompanying this topic, used a simplified facet-model to allow the use of ray-optics. The proposed TSC approach, utilizing a realistic, upgradable, oceangraphic-based sea-facet model together with a full-wave propagation technique under the Parabolic-Equation approximation, is more general, and provides higher fidelity. It will enable the model to simulate Low-E monopulse measurements in the presence of interference and diffraction under standard or anomalous propagation. Coupled with existing TSC techniques to model propagation and sea clutter in real-time, this will provide the Navy with a comprehensive tool, supportive of both shipboard radar detection and measurement modeling capabilities against Low-E targets in the presence of ocean wave propagation, and clutter effect. This research and development effort could lead to a unified automated tool capable of providing real time, high fidelity, modeling of radar propagation, monopulse measurement and sea clutter, in the presence of ocean waves, multipath, diffraction, and anomalous propagation. This would benefit every Navy simulation concerned with (a) Low-E search, track, or engagement radar desigh; (b)Low-E tracking algorithm development; or (c) Low-E tracking and tracking algorithm assessment |
| TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC.
10201 Lee Highway, Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 691-7770
Leland Tankersley NAVY 00-062 |
| Title: | Force Level Automated Certification of Downward Compatible Baseline Software |
| Abstract: | Regression testing is a significant problem in software development, particularly during the maintenance phase. It involves repeated execution of previous test cases to instill confidence in modified software. Even after minor changes, most commercial vendors and military software engineering directorates perform regression testing. Sessions may run overnight or longer, especially when human intervention is necessary for oversight. Trident proposes to develop a re-certification methodology, called modular regression testing, and an automated certification capability to reduce required regression testing efforts. The foundation of this methodology is the local certifiability and modular reasoning arguments submitted by the software reuse research community. Three main concepts constitute the heart of the methodology. Design for testability that is based on local certifiability principles increases the effectiveness of the methodology. The firewall computation algorithm distinguishes modified and unmodified components automatically given incremental modifications. The test reselection algorithm extracts a subset of test cases associated with the candidate-unmodified components. The test execution s upport environment will use customizable test drivers that automatically run the test cases against unmodified components. Applicability of the methodology to COTS domains in the context of Navy's Cooperative Engagement Capability will also be investigated. Dramatical reduction of regression testing efforts on existing systems will be an immediate benefit of the methodology. Introduction of design for testability guidelines will allow designers and developers of software systems to engineer testability directly into the software, thereby avoiding costly testing and re-testing problems. The guidelines will suggest principles and design attributes (metrics) that support modular reasoning and local certifiability. The relationships between well-known complexity metrics and testability will also be reported. Modular r regression methodology and the certification capability could lead to substantial reduction in maintenance costs, improvement in software reuse, and increase in quality of software. Development of an open and extensible program analysis and test execution support environment including metrics collectors and automated test suite generators is our long-term goal. |
| VIATEC RESEARCH, LLC
514 Daniels St. PMB 274 Raleigh, NC 27605 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 349-4448
Anthony T. Rivers NAVY 00-062 |
| Title: | |
| Abstract: | The innovation of this SBIR Phase I project is the development of an automated test and re-certification capability based on "MMP Fusion" technology. MMP Fusion is a hybrid approach that combines modification-based test selection, test set minimization, test set prioritization technology. Capture-playback technology is used to record (capture) test procedures and results from previous versions of the software system and then re-execute (playback) these test procedures for regression testing and re-certification of the new version of the software system. Test selection, test set minimization and test set prioritization will be primarily accomplished using a list of software system changes and information (based on results from test cases run on previous versions) about what area within the software system each test case covers. An automated MMP Most systems still require heavy instrumentation at the code level to assess the level of software code coverage (block coverage, p-use coverage, branch coverage, etc.) produced by a test suite. In this SBIR project we aim to relax the need for heavy instrumentation of software system, integrate appropriate capture-playback technology and to create a prototype regression test and re-certification technology that would be appropriate for mission critical force level system of systems. Anticipated Benefits: Fusion based test and re-certification capability will provide significant cost savings (in time, money and effort) over manual methods during regression testing and re-certification of the multiple legacy computing systems (such as combat systems, aerospace, telecommunications, etc.) that receive the new downward compatible baseline software system enhancements. DOD projects that would benefit are: Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC), Combat Systems, Common Command & Decision (CC&D), Next Generation Internet, GCCS-LES and ADCON-21. Ship classes and systems for which automated MMP Fusion Technology may be relevant include Aegis future baselines, SC-21, Arsenal Ship, CVX, LHX, LPD-17 (Flight II), New Attack Submarine (NSSN), Coordination Systems and Force Level System of Systems. |
| TANNER RESEARCH, INC.
2650 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena, CA 91107 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 792-3000
LeRoy J. Fisher II NAVY 00-063 |
| Title: | Reconfigurable Maintenance and Diagnostic Equipment |
| Abstract: | Typical shipboard electronic systems contain many unique or special purpose components, boards, and assemblies. In the past, it has been necessary to carry equally specialized spares or Maintenance Assist Modules (MAM). Tanner Research believes that its Reconfigurable Computer technology offers a cost-effective approach to the emulation of multiple board-types with standard, reconfigurable hardware, and that the technology will permit significant reductions in the shipboard inventory of spares. The Tanner Research Reconfigurable Computer can be configured to simulate existing boards and to implement diagnostic and maintenance equipment. The Tanner Research technology employs high-density Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), memories, interface circuits, and re-usable circuit designs in a modular hardware architecture. Re-usable circuit designs include general purpose elements such as microprocessor cores as well as elements that emulate specialized military circuits. Low-cost equipment-specific and mission-specific adapter boards are used to incorporate reconfigurable hardware modules into existing shipboard electronic systems. The Tanner Research technology is highly flexible, and it will readily adapt to changing system requirements in the future, even as it permits the development of solutions that are tailored to specific system requirements today. The potential of the Tanner Research Reconfigurable Computer extends well beyond the needs of Reconfigurable Maintenance and Diagnostic Assemblies (RMDA). It offers a low-cost approach to the replacement of legacy hardware, a high-performance approach to dedicated signal- and data-processing hardware, and a cost-effective approach to reduced design cycle times and extended product lifetimes. |
| CERAMIC & MATERIAL PROCESSING, INC.
4921 E. Pineledge Dr. Clarence, NY 14031 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 759-8211
Vladimir Hlavacek NAVY 00-065 |
| Title: | High Velocity Combustion Processes in the Solid State |
| Abstract: | The goal of this proposal is to analyze processes which can substantially contribute toward understanding phenomena relevant to ultra-high rate of energy release. Three major topics will be analyzed: I) SHS fast deflagration and detonation, II) metal loaded explosives, and III) ultra-fast combustion in the system aluminum-oxidizer in solid missile fuel. Following important topics will be discussed: reactivity and shear stress, stored energy, reaction and role of diffusion, SHS deflagration and detonation, shear induced detonation, effect of ultra-fine metallic particles and design of insensitive warheads. Classical explosives in bombs, warheads and torpedoes, which are used by the Department of Defense, can be replaced by more powerful and inexpensive SHS reactions. Consequently the lethality of bombs, warheads and torpedoes can be substantially improved. If properly arranged SHS explosives feature very low thermal and impact sensitivity. In the civilian sector major application of the proposed SHS explosives is development of explosives, featuring low level of sonic effects. These explosives can be used in blasting rocks and demolishing concrete structures in highly populated urban areas. |
| TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC.
10201 Lee Highway, Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 691-7770
Leland Tankersley NAVY 00-067 |
| Title: | Upward Compatible Baseline Support Framework For Effective Force Level System Regression Testing and Certification |
| Abstract: | An emerging direction in software development is the engineering of large complex system of systems from plug-compatible and pre-certified software components that are interoperable and compatible with the baseline coordination protocols. However, such systems continuously evolve as COTS components are substituted or baselines are upgraded. Continuous change and lack of modular behavioral contracts with associated localized certification capabilities that detect semantic mismatches make retesting time consuming and manpower intensive. We will report the current state of the commercial practice and research initiatives in dependable software upgradability. Our proposal builds on the lessons learned from these initiatives and constitutes an adaptable certification framework to detect behavioral mismatches both at the architecture and system implementation level. The expected contributions are explicit capture of the component dependencies using behavioral component relationships, direct applicability to COTS systems, and tractable reasoning and testing for interoperability based on modular representation and certification of interaction and coordination policies, with particular attention paid to understanding critical issues necessary for applicability to Cooperative Engagement Capability. The framework will be adaptable to a variety of functional and non-functional (e.g., security, fault-tolerance) aspects of a system. Military software engineering directorates and commercial vendors do regression testing even after minor changes. It is not unusual for each regression testing session to run overnight or even longer. Unless modular certification based on principle of local certifiability is followed, existing approaches are doomed to fail as the size and complexity of software systems continue to increase. Successful completion of this project will be a significant advancement in the state-of-the-art in V&V for automated interoperability and upward compatibility checking without exhaustive testing. The methodology and the certification capability could lead to substantial reduction in maintenance costs, improvement in software reuse, and increase in quality of software. |
| DIGITAL SYSTEM RESOURCES, INC.
12450 Fair Lakes Circle, Suite 500 Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 263-2800
Stuart Adams NAVY 00-069 |
| Title: | Multi-Static Active Sonar Processing with Unknown Transmission Type and/or Unknown Source Location |
| Abstract: | The increased need for active echo detection is driven by the continually evolving quieter threat submarines and noisier acoustic environments that severely limit passive sonar detection performance. Submarines often operate in areas where natural or man-made acoustic energy sources of unknown or non-cooperative origin are present. The emphasis in this Phase I SBIR project will be defining signal and data processing algorithms that provide useful bi-static detection and localization performance using sources of opportunity. Successful completion of these studies will provide acoustic parameter values needed to estimate own ship vulnerability to potential hostile sonar-platform locations that may also use these emissions to echo range and make use of the bi-static echo parameter measurements to formulate a strategy for maintaining the required degree of stealth while increasing the effective area for threat detection. Signal and data processing algorithms and tradeoff studies are proposed for: 1) Precise characterization of active emissions, 2) Near optimum Bi-Static echo detection, and 3) Accurate target Localization. It is anticipated that successful completion of the Phase I and II work will result in technology that merits inclusion in the existing sonar processing suite through the Advanced Processor Build (APB) program. DSR believes that opportunistic acoustic source exploitation, implemented in portable software for execution on low-cost commercial hardware, will result in major capability improvement in the sonar system. The immediate objective will be to obtain a Phase III SBIR contract to adapt the Phase II system to meet the specific system requirements. |
| DIGITAL SYSTEM RESOURCES, INC.
12450 Fair Lakes Circle, Suite 500 Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 263-2800
Russell Jeffers NAVY 00-070 |
| Title: | Innovative Broadband Signal Processing Algorithms |
| Abstract: | The proposed Phase I SBIR study for active broadband sonar signal processing defines an integrated analysis approach and several innovative algorithms which will produce an effective sonar system design. The need for improved broadband active sonar is driven by emphasis on submarine detection in shallow water and the reduced radiated noise of threat submarines, which together reduce the effectiveness of passive detection. The detection of slow moving submarines is more often limited by reverberation and multipath propagation in littoral waters. Increasing signal bandwidth processed has the potential to improve processing gain against reverberation, increase range resolution and help discern complex multipath structures. The program develops active sonar signal processing technology that assists in the detection, classification and localization of target submarines. In addition, candidate algorithms will be evaluated for feasibility of implementation on existing Navy processors and arrays. Signal processing algorithms and design tradeoff studies are proposed for (1) Transmit waveform design; (2) Spatial processing; (3) Frequency diversity and sub-band processing; (4) Classification and tracking; and (5) Multi-static operation. It is anticipated that successful completion of the Phase I and II work will result in technology that merits inclusion in the existing sonar processing suite through the Advanced Processor Build (APB) program. DSR believes that the exploitation of wide-bandwidth active sonar, implemented in portable software for execution on low-cost commercial hardware, will result in major capability improvement in the sonar system. This added capability will be a significant improvement to an existing product line. The immediate objective will be to obtain a Phase III SBIR contract to adapt the Phase II system to meet the specific system requirements. |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park, 716 N. Bethlehem Pike, Ste 30 Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-1400
Robert Pesavento NAVY 00-071 |
| Title: | Advanced Automated Sonar Operator Machine Interface |
| Abstract: | Sonar processing traditionally has provided the watchstander with a two dimensional display in which the user must make many decisions as to the variable parameters of the presentation. The proposed research addresses the need to ease the workload upon the watchstander and provide a more easily discernable subsurface view through the use of three dimensional presentations. CHI Systems intends to utilize the iGENtm product as the main feature of an intelligent display agent which is central to the research. The detection, classification and localization information will be presented to a watchstander in such a manner that personnel numbers can be reduced through artificial intelligence methodologies. The Phase I research is accomplished in five tasks and will result in a prototype of the Display Agent for Detection Augmentation (DADA). The DADA software architecture can be generalized and used for military and commercial (in aircraft and ships) radar systems both in operational scenarios and training. Additional commercialization uses include air traffic control to reduce the probability of accident. |
| IMAGE ACOUSTICS, INC.
97 Elm Street Cohasset, MA 02025 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 383-2002
John L. Butler NAVY 00-072 |
| Title: | Multistatic Acoustic Source for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) |
| Abstract: | A low frequency underwater acoustic source for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) will be developed. The transducer will operate in the 300 Hz to 500 Hz spectrum with an acoustic source level of at least 205 dB /1uPa @ 1m. The proposed innovative transducer design will be based on the X-spring design (U. S. Patent 4,845,688 "Electromechanical Transduction Apparatus,"). The new X-spring transducer element configuration proposed uses a large 33 mode ring which drives two concave cone shaped shells which, in turn, amplify the motion translated to two symmetrical pistons. The design allows an increase in radiating area and a magnified motion resulting in a larger volume velocity than could be achieved from a ring alone. Also, the radiation load is magnified yielding a low Q and high mechanical efficiency even at low frequencies. Although a single transducer should be capable of achieving the desired acoustic source level, we present a directional capability scheme where an improved directivity index can be achieved reducing the power needed for the desired level. A UUV transducer for multi-static sonar applications will be developed. The ring driven X-spring approach should provide a scalable approach applicable to current and future underwater acoustic systems. The technology should provide improvement for low frequency sonar systems, and for oceanographic and possibly tomography applications. |
| LEVEL SET SYSTEMS
1058 Embury Street Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 573-9339
Susan Chen NAVY 00-073 |
| Title: | Topologically and Geographically Accurate DTED Compression |
| Abstract: | The DoD collects an ever-increasing amount of digital terrain elevation data (DTED) that is an indispensable source of information for applications that use geo-spatial information. We propose here a new, revolutionary technology that is perfectly suited for compressing DTED. Existing compression technology is not appropriate for the special features of DTED. These methods, when applied to DTED, lose derivative information. The new compression method proposed here has advantages over standard technologies as follows: a) It can gracefully handle topological changes such as breaking or merging which occur, for example, as the scale is changed or if the curve or surface is deformed. b) Geometric quantities on the compressed data can be easily and accurately evaluated. c) It has a simple multiresolution representation. The techniques involved include Total Variation (TV) restoration, Essentially Non-Oscillatory (ENO) interpolation, and the level set method. We propose to develop a DTED compression and processing system based on these successful new ideas, investigate the mathematical characteristics of DTED, provide rigorous analysis on suitable data structures and metrics, and assess achievable levels of compression. We will demonstrate the utility of this system on ONR sponsor directed DTED applications. This research will lead to a software system for the efficient compression and processing of DTED in a way that preserves important terrain information, is artifact free, guarantees geographical and topological accuracy of the compressed data, and enables efficient reconstruction as well as direct exploitation of the compressed data. The system will be demonstrated on ONR sponsor supplied DTED. DoD applications include mission planning, tactical visualization, strike and post-battle assessment while integrating DTED with other sensor data. Commercial applications include image/video compression tools combined with related processing techniques. Markets for this include streaming video on the Internet and transmission, storage, and retrieval of digital images, for example in digital cameras. |
| VEXCEL CORP.
4909 Nautilus Court Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 583-0273
Carolyn Johnston NAVY 00-073 |
| Title: | DTED compression guided by preservation of quality statistics |
| Abstract: | Vexcel is proposing to work jointly with SAIC-Tucson, which maintains the evolving JPEG-2000 standard, to develop a compression standard for digital elevation models. The standard will exploit the statistics and characteristics of DEM data to achieve a high rate of lossless compression. Lossy compression formats will preferentially preserve the underlying shape and slope of terrain. Measures to be optimized will include NIMA's standard metrics of DTED quality, the relative and absolute accuracy (LE90) statistics. The proposed transmission data structure reflects the goal of maximizing DTED quality at each stage of transmission and reconstruction. Quality-controlled storage and transmission of DTED data will be useful in applications demanding remote transmission of terrain data, or storage in and access to such data from embedded environments. Potential customers include users of digital terrain data in GIS, makers of self-guided systems (e.g. UAVs), and telecommunications firms needing ready access to quality-controlled digital terrain and building models. |
| COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
4200 Lorcom Lane Arlington, VA 22207 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 524-4331
Marvin S. Cohen NAVY 00-074 |
| Title: | Modeling and Simulation of Decision-making Under Uncertainty |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of the proposed Phase I research is to develop a detailed and comprehensive design for a suite of software tools that will both accurately simulate human reasoning under uncertainty and time stress in real-world environments and support insightful interpretation of it. The design will utilize the results of research on human decision making processes in real-world settings, as well as recent developments in the implementation of cognitive architectures for modeling uncertainty. The second objective is to explore and evaluate specific decision domains, as potential testbeds for more extensive development both in Phase II and in Phase III. The third objective (which would be accomplished in the optional task) is to produce a small-scale demonstration system that helps us verify and evaluate selected capabilities in a limited but realistic decision making sphere. We will pursue the Phase I objectives in four tasks, which will advance the system through a successively more refined series of design stages: (1) Develop of a framework of constraints and assumptions that will guide the design process, based on theoretical and empirical findings on uncertainty and the potential requirements of system users. (2) Develop a cognitive-level system design that integrates a rapid reflexive inference engine, higher-order reflective problem-solving strategies, and a graphical use interface (GUI). (3) Develop software-level design, including agents and algorithms to accomplish each of the cognitive functions. (Option task 4) Implement selected system components for purposes of demonstration, testing, and evaluation. The proposed technology for simulating uncertainty has a wide range of uses, in training, decision aiding, and evaluation of equipment and procedures. Rapid change and uncertainty in the business and military environments have made decision making under uncertainty a highly prized skill at all levels. We will actively pursue commercial and expanded governmental sales of the decision making simulation tools developed in Phase II. Commercial customers may include airline pilot training, air traffic control, nuclear power plant operation, law enforcement, hospital emergency room physicians, business executives, financial traders, strategic planners, and many others. |
| MICRO ANALYSIS & DESIGN, INC.
4900 Pearl East Circle, Suite 201E Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 442-6947
Ron Laughery NAVY 00-074 |
| Title: | Modeling and Simulation of Decision-making Under Uncertainty |
| Abstract: | To be successful in representing human behavior in military systems, models must reflect uncertainty and stress, decision- making at multiple levels of aggregation or expertise, complex behavior scheduling, and realistic communication behavior. Developing a modeling technology that supports all of these is the goal of this research. To date, several strategies for modeling human behavior have been successful in limited applications. However, modeling humans under stress who must make complex tactical decisions with uncertain data is still a modeling challenge. Naturalistic Decision Making theory accounts for many of the outstanding factors, but we are just beginning to develop the computational methods to support modeling the NDM process. In this project, we build off of our NDM modeling research along with other projects where we and others have developed tools to model human information processing, knowledge, pattern recognition, workload, and response to environmental and task stressors. We will focus our development activities based upon an analysis of the goals and constraints of the intended users of this modeling tool. The result of the SBIR will be a commercial-quality software package that provides the power of modeling complex human behavior under conditions of stress and uncertainty. First, we will be able to model human decision making and performance more realistically. This will allow the Navy to make better acquisition decisions and design more realistic training environments. Second, by modeling and testing a scientific theory of human decision making, we will be able validate the model and gain insight into how humans make complex tactical decisions under stress and with uncertain information. |
| HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP.
12 Elizabeth Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-3343
Christopher Lyons NAVY 00-075 |
| Title: | Low-Distortion Microwave Active Filters |
| Abstract: | In multi-function RF systems combining functions of radar, communications, electronic surveillance and others, frequency agility and frequency selection are critical parameters. In terms of components needs, fast switching frequency synthesizers and low-distortion variable bandwidth, tunable filters represent critical items. Realization of multi-function systems concepts will depend on size/cost of those critical components. Hittite Microwave Corporation has pioneered in the development of active filter concepts and demonstrated active microwave filters built into MMIC chips. This proposal extends Hittite's active filter concept and describes Hittite's approach to higher dynamic range, broader tuning range, bandwidth adjustment, noise reduction, and other pertinent filter properties. MMIC filters will remove one of the main obstacles to the higher scale of integration of the microwave front-end in nearly all microwave systems, and therefore, will have a significant impact on ultimate size/cost of both military and commercial microwave systems, including portable terminals for commercial wireless systems. MMIC filters will allow complete integration of RF front-end functions into a chip in commercial communications terminals, such as cellular handsets. The market for handsets alone amount to 200 million per year world wide. Filters are used in nearly all commercial (as well as military) microwave systems, and MMIC versions may also be marketed individually as low-cost commercial products. |
| KYMA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
8829 Midway West Road Raleigh, NC 27613 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 789-8880
Drew Hanser NAVY 00-076 |
| Title: | Backside Illuminated UV Photodetectors Based on AlGaN Wide Bandgap Semiconductors |
| Abstract: | This program will develop compact high solar blindness, high sensitivity and low dark current ultraviolet photodetectors based on AlGaN wide bandgap semiconductors, utilizing the unique properties of AlN materials for device substrates. Kyma Technologies, Inc. and EMCORE Corporation will utilize collaborative efforts of materials development, device fabrication and characterization, and device modeling, to enhance the performance of AlGaN/GaN photodetectors. For discrete, conventional photodetector structures such as p-i-n devices, this will include improving the signal-to-noise ratio and the quantum efficiency, reducing the dark current, and introducing avalanche gain. This will be achieved by reducing both the defect densities and impurity levels in the AlN substrates. The development of an AlN substrate technology is proposed to achieve improved performance and increased functionality in III-N p-i-n photodiodes. Utilizing a proven high rate material transfer process, Kyma Technologies will fabricate thick, low defect density, free-standing AlN substrates. The nitride MOVPE growth and device design expertise at EMCORE will be employed to grow UV photodetectors on this substrate material. The initial focus in this program will be the development of high-performance AlxGa1-xN p-i-n photodetectors operating in the important wavelength range of < 270 nm, where the greatest interest for military and space-based applications exists. The UV photodetector described in this program will take advantage of the unique properties of AlN substrates. First, the AlN substrate is transparent to the wavelengths of interest. Therefore, the device can be designed such that the detecting material or junction can be directly illuminated through the substrate (backside illumination), avoiding illumination though light absorbing layers, such as p-contact layers. This will allow detection of shorter wavelengths in the solar blind part of the spectrum. Second, the AlN substrate has structural and thermal properties that will improve the GaN and AlGaN layers in the device structure. These improvements should increase the commercialization of these devices in many markets. |
| MP TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1500 Sheridan Road, Unit 8A Wilmette, IL 60091 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 491-7251
Patrick Kung NAVY 00-076 |
| Title: | Solar Blind AlxGa1-xN Ultraviolet Photodiodes by Lateral Epitaxial Overgrowth |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase I program is to demonstrate the feasibility of the lateral epitaxial growth (LEO) of AlxGa1-xN by MOCVD for solar blind, high responsivity, low dark current, ultraviolet photodiodes with a cut-off wavelength <270 nm (i.e. Al>43%). The technical challenges in this endeavor find their roots in the improvement of the AlxGa1-xN material quality, i.e. the quasi elimination of the dislocations. The LEO patterning technology, the LEO growth conditions and the device processing steps will be optimized to achieve these objectives. The materials will be characterized through x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, photo-luminescence, Hall measurements. P-i-n ultraviolet photodiodes using low defect AlxGa1-xN epilayers grown on LEO GaN or directly LEO grown will be fabricated and measured. The device electrical and optical performance will be benchmarked in terms of dark current, solar blindness, responsivity, external quantum efficiency and detectivity. The results will be compared with those from identical detectors fabricated using standard non-LEO technology in order to address the potential of the proposed LEO technique for higher performance solar blind ultraviolet photodetectors. The solar blind ultraviolet AlxGa1-xN photodiodes using the LEO technology developed here will outperform currently existing ultraviolet devices (in terms of reliability, sensitivity and ultimate system cost) which are insufficient for the demands of DoD missions such as missile warning systems. Such devices would also satisfy the demands of flame detection, pollution monitoring, chemical reagent detection/analysis applications. The technology will have the far reaching result of demonstrating a methodology for quasi defect free AlxGa1-xN wide bandgap materials, which will be the cornerstone for a wide range of III-Nitride based commercial and defense electronic applications, including high power and high temperature electronics. |
| ARETE ASSOC.
P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 413-0290
Guy J. Farruggia NAVY 00-077 |
| Title: | Multi-Use Low Cost, Integrated, Temperature/Conductivity Sensor |
| Abstract: | The goal of this program is to extend the Navy's tactical and research measurement capability by developing and field testing advanced low-cost versatile in situ oceanographic sensors. Specifically, the program is aimed at developing a small, robust, low-power sensing device, integrated on a single ceramic substrate, which will simultaneously measure temperature and electrical conductivity at the same location, with sufficient accuracy to reliably determine sound speed and seawater density, environmental parameters crucial to ASW and mine warfare. Each self-contained sensor module will digitize its signals, and route the signals onto a universal bus structure. The device can be produced inexpensively using automated methods and will be capable of being deployed, with only minor customizations, in expendable formats as well as moored, towed, or hard-mounted to vehicles, such as AUVs, UUVs, or submarines. Under Phase I, Aret‚ Associates will design and demonstrate all the requisite sensor technologies on the ceramic substrate, fully tested with a functional-prototype breadboard analog circuit. During Phase II, this analog circuit breadboard, along with the digitization/communication circuitry, will be developed into a single hybrid-chip-sized circuit element; fabricated into a number of fieldable prototype units; and tested under realistic conditions in the ocean environment. This new sensor technology will drastically reduce price and increase the reliability of today's commercially available Expendable Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (XCTD) sensors. This technology will allow the industry to move away from the costly hand-made, singly produced sensors now on the market to an enhanced-capability sensor produced using automated methods. |
| MILLI SENSOR SYSTEMS & ACTUATORS
93 Border Street West Newton, MA 02465 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 965-1346
Donato Cardarelli NAVY 00-077 |
| Title: | Four dimensional (4-D) Atmospheric and Oceanographic Instrumentation |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop the requirements and initial design for an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to aid in the measurement of physical METOC variables. The IMU can be part of a motion sensor module which can be deployed as an expendable, autonomous vehicle to measure fluid motion directly in either the oceanographic or atmospheric medium. The IMU effort centers on the requirements for the total integration of gyros and accelerometers as well as electronics on a single chip. The products developed in Phase III will be of direct use in government programs such as ERGM, WCMD, Land Warrior, and all programs that require MEMS inertial sensors. Commercial and consumer applications include: headsets for computer-based interactive training and entertainment ("virtual reality" applications); man-portable systems for navigation in hostile environments, such as firefighter safety systems; and other applications for stablization tracking and location-determination. |
| PYRCON, LLC
165 Dean Knauss Drive Narragansett, RI 02882 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 788-3625
Thomas Weber NAVY 00-077 |
| Title: | A 4-D Fine-Scale Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will address the need for a 4-D fine-scale doppler current profiler. Oceanographers are currently faced with the problem of extrapolating 1-D and 2-D current measurements to fit 4-D models. Data spikes or un-correlated measrments due to thin layers are difficult and sometimes impossible to explain. Other phenomenon such as coastal jets, which are large volume mixers, can simply not be measured with existing instrumentation. The new instrument proposed here, termed VADCP for Volume Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, will address these issues. The advantages resulting from a special array geometry and beamforming method will provide a low-cost, low weight solution that can model fine-scale volocity structure in 4-D, providing absolte velocity measurments in a gridded volume that could reasonably be 100 meters on a side and 50 meters deep. This project will encompass a proof-of-concept phase using existing equipment previously developed by the proposer, a feasibility study for developing VADCP, and the development of a set of design performance models that will be used in the production stages of this project. The SBIR Phase I funds would be the enabling vehicle that will determine the feasibility of building a low-cost 4-D phased array doppler volocity profiler. It is expected that this system would ultimately be used to characterize volumetric velocity fields in a diverse array of applications in coastal oceanography. |
| QUANTUM MAGNETICS, INC.
7740 Kenamar Ct. San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 566-9200
Robert Mathews NAVY 00-077 |
| Title: | Integration of Advanced Magnetic Sensors into Underwater Vehicles to Provide High-Quality Spatiotemporal Magnetic Data |
| Abstract: | Ultrasensitive magnetometers have demonstrated their responsiveness to Navy needs ranging from basic science (ocean floor geomagnetic surveys) to military operations (detection, classification and localization of buried mines). Taking advantage of their sensitivity requires means to suppress noise caused by sensor motion in the earth's magnetic field. An additional problem with using magnetometers on an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is magnetic interference generated by the AUV itself. A unique new instrument, the Room Temperature Three Sensor Gradiometer (RTG), developed by IBM, Quantum Magnetics and the Naval Coastal Systems Station, lends itself especially well to solving the AUV interference problem. It offers unprecedented potential for magnetic measurements of high sensitivity from AUV platforms for both research and military operations. In Phase I, we propose to characterize the magnetic interference field of low-cost, plastic-body AUV's and to use the information to design a generalized RTG optimized for AUV operation. In Phase II, we will fabricate, integrate and demonstrate the RTG aboard an AUV. Room Temperature Three Sensor Gradiometers (RTGs) integrated into small, inexpensive AUVs offer a new capability in sea floor geological research and military operations such as shallow-water mine reconnaissance. The generalization of RTG technology proposed here allows implementation in new application areas such as magnetic detection of corrosion and biomagnetometry. |
| YANKEE ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS, INC.
101 Industrial Blvd. Turners Falls, MA 01376 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(413) 863-0200
Wayne H Erxleben, PhD NAVY 00-077 |
| Title: | High Performance Optical Fiber-Based Meteorological Sensors |
| Abstract: | This effort seeks to explore designs for fiber optic meteorological sensors and examine issues in their design and deployment. Performance data on several novel optical fiber sensors suitable to meteorological use will be presented. Current meteorological sensors and sensor suites used for weather and environmental monitoring are based primarily on electronic and electro-mechanical sensors. Installations are frequently susceptible to destruction and/or interruption from salt corrosion and lightning. In addition, especially aboard ship, local sources of electromagnetic interference from surveillance RADARs create severe problems. The cost of replacement or shielding of these systems is high, both in terms of frequency of replacement and the incipient capital cost. Pure optical or opto-mechanical environmental sensors are described that could allow the development of full meteorological instrumentation suites based on individual or multiplexed optical fiber sensors. Sensing functions which can be implemented using optical fibers include wind speed (cup anemometers & Doppler LIDARs), wind direction (vanes & LIDARs), temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, accumulated precipitation and precipitation rate (fiber LIDAR). Suites of sensors with little or no electronic or metal components in the environmentally exposed regions will eliminate EMI/EMP susceptibility and add functional capability. Current manpower reduction initiatives within the US Navy demand the improved maintenance record and price/performance ratio this technology will deliver. We feel this market is worldwide and potentially represents a "must have" replacement technology for a very large installed base of meteoroligical stations, at least many thousands of systems per year. DoD would gain optical fiber-based, ultra-reliable, EMI/EMP-proof meteorological systems for ship and ground stations use (e.g. ASOS) that will lower its total cost of ownership. We will also provide the atmospheric research community with an important new tool capable of significantly higher performance than existing technology, and even of operational capability not available today. For example, with proper optical multiplexing the technology could provide a distributed wide-area wind measurement system across an airfield or carrier deck, potentially at very low cost. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4362
Steven D. Potter NAVY 00-078 |
| Title: | Heavy Power Transmission for Positioning and Actuation |
| Abstract: | Foster-Miller and MIT's Field and Space Robotics Lab are currently engaged in a concept study under contract with NAWCADLKE for a Shipboard Weapons Loader. The study has produced a concept design for a small-footprint, omnidirectional, human-amplifying device which interfaces with existing transport equipment and handles 100 percent of current shipboard loading tasks. Due to clearance issues with the transport equipment, adjacent-stores and landing-gear, the size of the robotic manipulator is tightly constrained. This is especially true for the end-effector which requires four rotary degrees of freedom. Actuating the end-effector is a major design challenge due to the severe torque, power and accuracy requirements and limited package size. While these requirements are within the range of commercial hydraulic technology, this approach has a major impact on system complexity and maintenance cost. For this SBIR, we propose to explore actuator technologies to provide the necessary torque and power density without the maintenance problems of hydraulics. These technologies include the following: electric-motor/gearhead, air-motor/gearhead, novel electric motors with intrinsically high-torque/low-speed, seal-less hydraulics, mechanical transmissions, and motors based on "smart materials". Assuming a promising solution is identified, Phase II would involve the development, testing and demonstration of a robotic manipulator based on the new technology. (p00451) Despite the need for pumps, reservoirs, filters, servo-valves etc., and high maintenance requirements, hydraulic systems are currently preferred for most applications requiring high-torque/low-speed in a compact package. If a viable alternative can be found, the potential market is huge. Hydraulics are used extensively in a wide range of industries including shipping, warehousing, mining, manufacturing, earth-moving, and transportation. Depending on cost, a new actuator technology might find its first use in sensitive environments, or for precision manipulation of heavy payloads. With mass production (and lower cost) the new technology would begin to replace the full range of hydraulic applications. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
2 Research Place, Suite 202 Rockville, MD 20850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 590-3155
Donald R. Myers NAVY 00-078 |
| Title: | Quadruped Robotic Manipulator as Multipurpose Positioning System |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes an approach to building a Quadruped Robotic Vehicle (QRV) for use as a heavy-lift, stable, reconfigurable, omnidirectional, naval multipurpose mobility platform. The QRV will be able to maneuver both below-deck and on-deck in a way that could never be achieved with a wheeled vehicle. For use below-deck, the QRV could move down narrow passageways and through elevator doors easier than existing forklift vehicles. The QRV can fold to a low profile for easy storage. On-deck, the QRV could step over tie-down chains, over or around aircraft landing gear, and maneuver its payload in tight spaces near aircraft pylons. In addition, the QRV provides a mulit-DOF motion base for manipulators, end-effectors, and tools to assist in the loading and off-loading of payloads. The QRV we propose exploits four legs, each configured as a Stewart Platform. In previous work, we simulated the dynamics of such a vehicle. In this work, specific shipboard applications will be identified and the simulation will be enhanced to demonstrate the QRV's capability of performing each application. The most immediate application of the work proposed is an omnidirectional, multipurpose mobility platform for material handling and for logistics support. The QRV would be ideal as a mobility base for a robot in any application where the ability to move in tightly constrained areas is important. |
| SYNKINETICS, INC.
2 Industrial Avenue Lowell, MA 01851 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 453-4900
Frank A. Folino NAVY 00-078 |
| Title: | Precision Positioning and Actuation for Heavy Transport |
| Abstract: | Innovative power transmission technology for actuation and precision positioning of heavy payloads. Robust, compact and reduced-weight drives are efficient and cost effective yet feature 500% shock load capability with graceful failure mode. Phase I tasks include preliminary design of actuation and precision positioning front end and option integration to transporter system for precise positioning of hazardous payloads. Preliminary design and analysis will demonstrate functionality and robustness of proposed innovative rotary and linear actuators as part of system. Cost-effective commercial applications potentially derived from this program feature robust actuator capable of precision positioning for heavy power transmission applications and enables safe and precise handling of ordnance and hazardous materials, as well as precision control of heavy workpieces generally, includes use in power hoists for industry, robotics in manufacturing, multi-axis units with both linear and rotary actuation, and more generic power transmission applications. Robust actuator capable of precision positioning for heavy power transmission applications, enables safe and precise handling of ordnance and hazardous materials as well as precision control of workpieces generally. |
| MAXDEM, INC.
140 East Arrow Highway San Dimas, CA 91773 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(909) 394-0644
Virgil Lee NAVY 00-079 |
| Title: | A Facile Alternative Synthesis for Amino-Substituted Poly(phenylene Vinylene) Derivatives |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes a straightforward and facile alternative synthesis of amino-substitued poly(phenylene vinylene) (BAMPPV) polymers. While BAMPPV polymers show a great deal of promise as corrosion-inhibiting coatings, their evaluation and application have been hampered by limited material availability. The new BAMPPV synthesis described herein is a three-step, well-precedented procedure that should be highly amenable to large-scale production. The program will demonstrate and optimize this new BAMPPV synthesis and 1 kg of a particular BAMPPV derivative will be prepared and supplied to the Navy for further testing. The proposed synthesis of the amino-substituted PPV derivatives will dramatically lower their production costs, making them more cost competitive in conducting and corrosion-inhibiting applications. |
| SPECTRA GROUP LIMITED, INC.
1722 Indian Wood Circle, Suite H Maumee, OH 43537 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(419) 891-9767
John Malpert NAVY 00-079 |
| Title: | Conjugated Polymers for Corrosion Inhibition |
| Abstract: | Spectra Group Limited's (SGL) contribution in responding to N00-079 is the development of a new, benign, cost effective synthesis of poly[2,5-bis(N-methyl-N-alkylamino)phenylene vinylene]. Replacing the low yielding polymerization step in the current synthesis is the main objective of this proposal. By finding alternative routes to this step, many of the toxic reagents that are used in the original synthesis are avoided and replaced with safer, more benign options. The proposed synthesis is designed in such a way that many different types of polymerization reactions can be attempted based on a few simple easily made precursors. This versatility should allow a good number of options to be explored while spending minimal time in the laboratory preparing precursors. The anticipated benefit of this proposal is the development of a benign cost effective synthesis that can readily be scaled up to a commercial level. The ready availability of conjugated polymers would be of significant interest to the public and private sector. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 622-5504
Thomas Campbell NAVY 00-080 |
| Title: | Low Thermal Conductance Torque Tube System |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Navy and private industry are investing heavily in several ship electric drive systems including the High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) ac synchronous motor system, the Superconducting Homopolar motor and the Permanent Magnet (PM) motor. Composite drive shafts with optimized high torque end fittings hold promise for significant weight reduction. In the HTS ac synchronous motor these shafts are necessary to minimize heat leak to the rotating HTS coils Foster-Miller proposes to develop a low thermal conductance torque tube system which will provide minimum heat leak for the HTS ac synchronous motor application while also bringing significant value to the other ship electric drive options. The proposed approach employs Foster-Miller's Ultrasonic Tape Lamination (UTL) technology and tape winding. UTL enables on-the-fly, net thickness placement of the prepreg and the potential for non-autoclave curing. Several innovative designs in material selection, fiber architecture and end fitting integration are presented in detail in the proposal. Foster-Miller has teamed with American Superconductor and Alliant TechSystems to bring all of the expertise necessary to address this complex problem. In this program, the team will evaluate options, develop, analyze and design a low thermal conductance torque tube system and demonstrate key aspects of its fabrication. (P-00421) The proposed program will explore an advanced composite ship drive shaft system. This will support the HTS ac synchronous motor as well as several other electric drive systems for both Navy and commercial applications. The technology development is also a major asset for composite tube development for deep water oil drilling, civil structures and other applications. Beyond tubes, the integration of UTL and fiber placement has the potential to provide a dramatic advancement in composites manufacturing through on-the-fly debulking and curing. |
| SUPER INDUSTRIES & SONS, INC.
492 Broadneck Road Annapolis, MD 21401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 757-8010
Michael Superczynski NAVY 00-080 |
| Title: | Low Thermal Conductance Torque Tube |
| Abstract: | Composite tubes for cold-to-warm torque, requiring low thermal conductance, for advanced ship electric propulsion systems will be developed. Composite design and material selection must be optimized to provide low axial thermal conductance and high shear strength. Space limitations, fabrication difficulties, and costs limit the diameter of the torque tubes. The use of isogrid or isotruss composite structural designs as a supplement to a solid cylindrical shell must be carefully analyzed. The incoporation of advanced fibers such as alumina liquid crystal polymers, or polyethylene will be considered. Design of thermal intercepts and the end fixtures will be incorporated into the cylindrical structure. Our plan is to use our extensive cryogenic system and materials experience combined with composite analysis to design an optimum torque tube during the Phase I base program. The Phase I optional program will continue optimization and include torsion testing of previously fabricated glass/epoxy cylinders with a quasi-isotropic lay-up to confirm analysis predictions of shear strength. The most promising alternative tube geometries defined by the base program will also be fabricated and tested. The Phase II program will include fabrications and test (torsion, axial thermal conductivity) evaluation of candidate torque tubes, first with a subsize cylindrical structure followed by scale-up to a larger diameter and length. These will include end terminations and thermal intercepts for reduce heat leak and refrigeration loading. The proposed torque tube for cryogenic motors and generators will reduce heatleak to the cold region of these machines and will greatly reduce refrigeration requirements making such systems feasible for a wide range of applications in the military and commercial sector. These tubes would also have application to a large existing market for low heat leak cold to warm supports for use in magnetic resonance imaging systems (MRI), and the storage of cryogenic fluids nitrogen, oxygen, LNG, and others. |
| AEROTECH ENGINEERING & RESEARCH CORP.
3115 W. 6th Street, Suite I Lawrence, KS 66049 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(785) 841-9823
Kyle Wetzel NAVY 00-081 |
| Title: | Smart Materials-based Quiet Turning and Propulsion Mechanisms for Marine Vehicles |
| Abstract: | The need for quieting the propulsion system of naval vessels is identified Quiet turning capability and non-rotating propulsion systems are two concepts that can be employed to increase the stealthiness of ships, without the associated loss of propulsive performance. By using propellers running in variable-geometry shrouds, thrust vectoring can be achieved, in lieu of using a rudder or turning the shroud. It is also possible to create a non-rotating propulsion system that uses variable geometry to impart energy to a flow, providing propulsive power for the vessel. Both these proposed concepts utilize smart materials to effect the desired shape change. Aerotech proposes to develop two smart materials-based systems for enhancing the stealth performance of Navy ship propulsion systems: the first is a variable geometry shroud for thrust vectoring, and the second is a propulsion system that uses variable geometry to effect propulsion. The use of smart materials such as magnetostrictives and piezoelectrics offers unique advantages to designers and operators of engineering systems. Such systems can produce "solid-state" actuation, and are simple, compact, flexible, and reliable. These concepts also offer the advantages of reliable operation and increased blade life to commercial ship operators. Actuators developed for these applications can be inserted into actuation systems used in medical, aerospace, automotive, industrial motion, optics and other fields. |
| CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC.
P.O. Box 3073 Princeton, NJ 08543 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 734-9282
Todd R. Quackenbush NAVY 00-081 |
| Title: | Novel Turning Control Devices Via Smart Materials Technology |
| Abstract: | Rapidly maturing smart materials technology can enable a new generation of turning devices for naval surface vessels. These devices will offer high-authority control for a shrouded propeller, bypassing the need for conventional rudders and the undesirable noise and vibration that can arise with current designs. The new concept involves shape control of an enclosing shroud via Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) devices. The SMA actuation technology will build on previous mechanisms that have been demonstrated in marine environments under full scale loading. Phase I will involve a preliminary sizing and assessment of an active "Smart Duct" using validated flow field models and design optimization tools. The performance of several candidate configurations will be compared and their advantages over conventional rudders quantified. This work will also set deflection requirements for SMA actuation hardware, and a first-iteration integration study will be performed to establish power requirements and response time for full scale applications. This preliminary design work will lay the groundwork for a full scale design and for scale model tests of key system components in Phase II, which will also include more detailed assessment of the impact of the new design on vibration, cavitation, and radiated noise. In addition to its potential use on naval surface combatants and next-generation submersibles, the direct uses of this technology in the marine arena are potentially widespread, since a wide range of ocean-going transports could benefit from the novel ducted propeller configuration proposed here. Indirect avenues for commercial applications would include the demonstration of a new class of very high force actuators based on SMA technology, as well as development of fast analysis tools for naval engineering. |
| IDES
209 East Grand Avenue Laramie, WY 82070 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(307) 742-9227
Mike Kmetz NAVY 00-083 |
| Title: | Development of a Finite Element Analysis for Failure Prediction of Large Composite Structures Under Dynamic Loads |
| Abstract: | This proposal centers on developing an improved finite element analysis for composite structures that will allow Navy designers to more accurately predict structural failure than is currently possible. Improved failure prediction capabilities will remove a large part of the uncertainty associated with using advanced composite materials and hence facilitate more composite materials into Navy fleet use. Benefits of increased use of composite structures include reduced costs, lower weights, and reduced electromagnetic signatures. The analysis approach is a microstructural based theory and associated numerical algorithm for extracting, virtually without a time penalty, the stress and strain fields for the constituents (matrix and reinforcement) of a composite in the course of a routine structural finite element analysis. Critical components of the analysis include the ability to handle woven fabric composites exhibiting rate and temperature dependent material behavior. The finite element implementation of this theory is referred to as Multicontinuum Theory (MCT) which reflects the coexisting continua within a typical composite material. MCT is an enabling technology that provides the designer with a window into the stress/strain behavior of a composite structure at its most basic level, i.e., the individual constituents. The work proposed herein has broad commercial application. Markets for composite materials include defense, civil infrastructure, aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods. Software revenue for the finite element industry is estimated at $350 million annually. In addition, the industry is a billion dollar enterprise when consulting is included. An estimated ten percent of this total is devoted to composite materials analysis. The unique capabilities of MCT are not present in commercial codes today. The proven benefits of an MCT analysis give us the ability to penetrate the composite material FEA market on multiple fronts. Specifically, we expect to generate revenues from direct FEA software sales, sales from a proprietary material database, and consulting. Finally, results of the proposed project will benefit the Navy in the form of an accurate and efficient microphysical based failure prediction methodology for composite structural systems. The new technology will facilitate more rapid and cost effective application of new composite materials to improve performance of ship platforms and combat structures. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
J.C. Withers NAVY 00-084 |
| Title: | Development of Materials and Processes that Eliminate Wear and Erosion from Advanced High Performane Projectiles & Propellants in Large Gun Barrels |
| Abstract: | Large steel gun barrels are not only very heavy but suffer problems of poor wear and erosion from advanced high projectiles and propellants as well as fatigue life and require water cooling. The use of refractory metals/alloy liners with a lightweight titanium or aluminide intermetallic alloy structure will eliminate wear, erosion and corrosion from high energy systems and ameliorate most problems with steel barrels. Such a functionally graded materials combination can utilize a composite overwrap with water cooling or eliminate cooling as an option. The functional graded materials can be cost-effectively fabricated using rapid prototyping (RP) laser technology that is now proven to produce large air tooling and aircraft components. Lightweight refractory metal/alloy lined gun barrels that eliminate erosion, wear, and corrosion which can be cost-effectively fabricated constitute a paradigm shift in all types of gun barrels. Materials combinations will be modeled, experimentally verified, and scale model/sections of barrels produced. Rapid prototyping by laser-melt to produce refractory metal/alloy lined lightweight structural tubes/pipes will have extensive applications in all gun barrels throughout DoD, law enforcement and sports; and the processing will have applicability to produce corrosion resistant components for the chemical industry, general aerospace component's and general commercial RP parts. |
| TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN
9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 263-2101
Brian Muskopf NAVY 00-084 |
| Title: | Composite Gun Barrel |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Navy has a requirement for a low-cost, lightweight, composite outer wrapped rifled barrel design suitable for firing high-energy projectiles from the DD 21 destroyer advanced gun system. The rapid firing of high-energy projectiles using high-temperature propellants results in high dynamic barrel pressurization loads and rapid heating of the barrel. Firing high-energy projectiles also causes increased fatigue and wear on the barrel bore compared to the standard projectiles used in the current 5-inch naval gun. A novel composite outer wrapped actively water-cooled barrel design using high-performance composite materials is required to produce a gun barrel with superior dynamic strength, fatigue, wear, and heat dissipation characteristics. Texas Research Institute Austin, Inc., proposes to develop a polymer composite filament-wound outer wrapped gun barrel design that will meet requirements of the DD 21 advanced gun system. The low-cost, lightweight gun barrel will be fabricated using a proprietary, actively water-cooled, double steel liner design with a polymer composite outer wrap. Methods to increase the wear rate of the barrel bore such as using wear-resistant steels and/or high-temperature coatings for the inner liner bore will also be investigated. Development of lightweight, high-temperature, fatigue-resistant, filament-wound composites have commercial applications in the offshore oil and gas, marine, automotive, and aircraft industries. High-performance filament wound tubular components have commercial applications as drive shafts for automobiles, trucks, ships, and submarines, and as piping on ships, submarines, and offshore platforms. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
James Burnett NAVY 00-084 |
| Title: | Autofrettage, Cooling, and Dynamic Loading of Fiber Reinforced MMC Jacketed Gun Barrels |
| Abstract: | The DD 21 Advanced Gun System (AGS) under development for the SC 21 Ship will be required to fire at high pressures and muzzle velocity. An extended caliber barrel is required so that shipboard exit pressure limits can be met. At the required extended caliber, high specific strength and stiffness materials are needed so that the mass moment of inertia of the barrel can be minimized. Minimizing the mass moment of inertia allows a smaller barrel and generates less parasitic weight on the ship structure. Currently, monolithic materials, including high strength steel do not provide the necessary specific strength. Fiber reinforced metal matrix composite materials are required as a jacket in the barrel. The proposed program will develop a technique to swage autofrettage a metal matrix composite jacketed steel lined gun barrel. A method is proposed to overcome the low strain to failure of typical ceramic fibers used to reinforce metal matrix composite and attain the ideal autofrettage required for a long life barrel. This key development will enable the use the high specific strength MMC materials in a gun barrel jacket to take advantage of significantly improved thermal management, and signature reduction available through the use of this material. The program is expected to develop into additional applications in the DoD, including other Navy gun systems, Army gun systems, mortars, and tank barrels. Non- DoD applications include lightweight stiff gun barrels for the hunting and target shooting markets. The autofrettage process developed for the MMC material has a direct application in automotive cylinder manufacture and in the application to actuator housings for commercial and fighter aircraft. |
| ADEPT SYSTEMS, INC.
21271 Waycross Drive Boca Raton, FL 33428 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(561) 487-6894
Samuel M. Smith NAVY 00-085 |
| Title: | Development of a LonTalk Drive Chip (LDC) for High Performance Custom LonTalk Nodes |
| Abstract: | Embedded control networks based on the ANSI 709.1 open protocol specification will be able to leverage the rapid growth in microprocessor performance with the addition of a driver chip that handles the physical layer details. A programmable device FPGA or CPLD with a generic high speed interface to a microprocessor together with the upper layers of the protocol stack will allow virtually any platform to support the ANSI 709.1 protocol. This project intends to capitalize on ASI's unique expertise in the ANSI 709.1 protocol to design a cost effective solution. Enables high performance ANSI 709.1 protocol based networks for more capable and surviveable shipboard networks. Fosters interoperable multiplatform implementations that maximize cost effectiveness and leverage technology innovations. Commercial applications include shipboard, building, vehicle, and factory automation. Mission critical surviveable systems. Component level intelligent distributed control systems and supervisory control systems. |
| KNIGHTRONIX, INC.
2212 Silver Lake Road New Brighton, MN 55112 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(651) 636-1008
Douglas G. Knight NAVY 00-085 |
| Title: | Development of a LonTalk Drive Chip (LDC) for High Performance Custom LonTalk Nodes |
| Abstract: | Echelon LonWorks provides a very versatile and powerful development environment. However there is a need for a more powerful application processor for Neuron nodes, to handle applications where the present 8-bit neuron nodes are limited. A LonTalk Drive Chip or Core module that can be embedded along with a microprocessor core module and other support functions, into a System-on-a-Chip (SOC) has excellent potential for reducing size, power and cost, while greatly increasing performance. Providing more than one transceiver interface can eliminate the need for separate routers and SLTAs. This will further reduce the components required to implement a system. A single-chip solution for a high performance 16/32 bit microprocessor/neuron node will be very useful for many applications in the military as well as the commercial environment. The proposed LDC, along with a high performance microprocessor can reduce the hardware complexity and cost of digital equipment used on trains, as one example. Military fire control applications and other electronic systems can benefit, as the LonWorks bus can perform equivalent functions to the DOD-STD-1553B bus, including redundancy, and provide significant processing as well. |
| APTIMA, INC.
600 W. Cummings Park, Suite 3050 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-3966
Steven Hess NAVY 00-086 |
| Title: | Metrics for Evaluation of Cognitive Architecture-Based Collaboration Tools |
| Abstract: | The practice of modern intelligence analysis is increasingly becoming a team effort, requiring distributed teams of experts, to collect, filter, and collaboratively fuse data into coherent responses to Requests for Information (RFI's). To quickly generate a team response, analysts must achieve a shared understanding of the problem and the best ways to assemble data for effective communication back to a consumer. Information Technology (IT) suited to the domain of intelligence analysis, will have to support new collaboration strategies that allow analysts to represent and share evolving understandings of the world, interact with data and link it to emerging arguments, and collaborate to combine related argument threads into a single response to consumers. The current proposal seeks to blend contemporary theories of team cognition with computational modeling techniques and evolving collaboration tools to prototype and assess an innovative solution that allows analysts to generate collaborative responses through the natural process of recognizing and critically evaluating the value of evidence to hypotheses about a situation. The resulting tool will help analysts focus on relevant data, help them organize data, and provide computational tools that insure coherence in final response and assess the impacts of evidence on dynamic team understanding. The results of the proposed work will be a prototype tool supporting collaborative argument construction through the natural process of critically evaluating the value of evidence to competing hypotheses about a situation. The applicability of our proposed tool can be easily extended beyond the targeted domain of intelligence analysis. At the end of Phase I we will have a functional demonstration of the tool, and will be well positioned to demonstrate the generality of our solution for other application domains, both military (e.g., military C2) and civilian (e.g., scientific collaboration, journalism). |
| EVIDENCE BASED RESEARCH, INC.
1595 Spring Hill Road, Suite 250 Vienna, VA 22182 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 893-6800
David F. Noble NAVY 00-086 |
| Title: | Metrics for Evaluation of Cognitive Architecture-Based Collaboration Tools |
| Abstract: | Collaborative tools currently available provide a means for geographically and time diverse groups to meet but have not yet addressed the issues of support human cognition in the decision making process. With the engineering solution to bandwidth and data sharing over a network and with standards in place to ensure product compatability, it is proposed that the time has come to research the field to develop metrics, define the taxonomy of collaborative tools and cognitive architectures through experimentation. In this manner the measures of effectiveness of incorporating decision support aids in collaboration tools can be determined. Intelligent meeting moderator/facilitator that can access expertise and experts, provide information when needed for a decision, keep meeting members on track and help to guide the decision process. |
| SOFTMAX, INC.
8328 Regents Rd., #2F San Diego, CA 92122 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 806-7638
Tzyy-Ping Jung NAVY 00-087 |
| Title: | Operator State Assessment Using Psychophysiological Data |
| Abstract: | The goal of this study is to integrate alertness monitoring algorithms we have developed during the past five years with state-of-the-art biosensor technologies (dry electrode biosensors, miniature eye-activity recording cameras) for the purpose of detecting fatigue and high workload within individual human operators of process control or vehicles. To this end, we plan: (1) to test dry electrode technology of EGI, Inc. with state-of-the-art eye movement and motion artifact removal for robust and high fidelity EEG data acquisition; (2) to demonstrate the feasibility of using a miniature video camera to track operator eye positions and extract blink rates and eye closure durations in real time to detect operator fatigue and work overload, and (3) to develop a modular design of the operator state assessment systemn for Phase II. The product of the project will be a relatively unobtrusive and completely non-invasive system that can detect periods when concentration and/or alertness of operators of process control consoles or vehicles decline. Operator state monitoring technology could prevent lapses in attention and assure most efficient use of operator's attentional capabilities in work environments such as process control consoles, security or transport vehicles, environments in which fatigue and/or poor decision-making can prove disastrous. If fatigue and workload monitoring prove feasible in real-world environments, a wide range of application environments for cognitive status monitoring of attention and situational awareness may emerge. |
| APTIMA, INC.
600 W. Cummings Park, Suite 3050 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-3966
Steven Hess NAVY 00-088 |
| Title: | Optimum Organization of Maintenance Aiding Information |
| Abstract: | This project seeks to develop principled guidelines for the organization and intelligently-guided presentation of electronic maintenance documentation to support in-field maintenance aiding, and maintainer training. The goal is to utilize one source of interactive electronic technical manual (IETM) content to support both diagnostic-aiding in the troubleshooting and repair of complex machinery and training to advance novice maintainers' general maintenance and troubleshooting skills and device-specific knowledge. Our approach will leverage proven maintenance-aiding technologies, combining these with technology and insights from cognitive psychology and intelligent training-systems' design, to produce a single interface to drive a maintainer through IETM content in both instructional and decision-aiding contexts. Our approach assumes that the same technical content can serve aiding and training, if the presentation of paradigm problems and technical data as well as the nature of monitoring and feedback are fitted to the unique requirements of the interaction. At the end of Phase I we will prototype the proposed system as interactive software, and will present empirical research designs to validate our approach and explore several decision-aiding and maintainer-training themes in Phase II. Our highly-qualified team is composed of experts in cognitive psychology, diagnostic-skill training, machine diagnostics, and electronic content development and presentation. The proposed effort will result in a software system capable of leveraging a single source of system technical information found in an Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) for the purposes of interactive decision aiding and adaptive maintainer training. The technologies developed in service of this effort are based on existing standards for markup and presentation of technical information, informed by contemporary cognitive science and training theory. The result will be a general aiding and training technology that can be applied in a range of contexts, and scaled to accomodate delivery over the internet. |
| KNOWLEDGE ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
4001 Discovery Drive Suite 390 Boulder, CO 80303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 545-9092
Thomas K. Landauer, Ph.D. NAVY 00-088 |
| Title: | Dynamic SuperManuals with Latent Semantic Analysis |
| Abstract: | The object is to be able to design potentially order-of-magnitude better ways to dynamically customize information for given jobs and individual maintainers. This project will address three interrelated issues: (1) the optimum organization of maintenance-aiding information in text, (2) the presentation of the best information in the best order depending on the current knowledge and need of the user, and (3) the best handling of complex graphics under the constraint of low resolution, small-screen technology. In Phase I we propose three activities: (a) Review the literature for the last five years on design, usability, usefulness, and practical experience with systems for organizing information and for aiding and individualizing information finding for maintenance and related jobs, (b) Create partial prototypes or mock ups to demonstrate the design and intent of representative new features, functions, and enhancements based on the new computer text-understanding technology, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), coupled with the empirically proven design, functions and features of the SuperBook hypertext manual browser, (c) Propose a new overall design for a browser with LSA, enhanced dynamic information aids and advanced graphics functions to be prototyped and evaluated in Phase II. Maintenance of increasingly complex technological systems is a critical and difficult problem for defense, government and private sector organizations. Traditional print media and current on-line systems are not adequate. The expected outcome of this project is identification of the optimum organization and presentation of maintenance information in job-aiding, and design of potentially order-of-magnitude better ways to dynamically organize, present, and customize information for given jobs and individual maintainer levels of expertise. A successful technology of this kind will be the basis of a high revenue Internet-based service and licensing business, and will result in major cost savings and product improvements for a wide spectrum of large industries, from telecommunications to computer and network systems to airline operations. |
| TERAOPS
1051 Cragmont Avenue Berkeley, CA 94708 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 204-9555
Tibor Kozek NAVY 00-089 |
| Title: | Compact, Light Weight Color Night Vision Goggles |
| Abstract: | TeraOps Corporation proposes to develop techniques for reproducible coloring of nighttime imagery and to implement a color night vision device based on TeraOps' powerful CNN array processing technology. In addition to CNN, the unit will combine other state-of-the-art technologies including miniature image intensifiers and high-contrast head mounted displays to create a low-power, portable unit that meets operational requirements. TeraOps will exploit the unique architecture of the CNN supercomputer-on-a-chip and its more than 10 to the 12th operations per second computing speed to implement the developed algorithmic techniques in real-time. These spatial-temporal image-processing algorithms will perform enhancement and adaptive, reproducible coloring of night imagery input through the integrated multi-band sensor. The algorithms will draw upon studies of biological image processing as well as on CNN models for color constancy and color visualization developed earlier by TeraOps researchers Colorized night vision goggles will greatly enhance the navigational and target recognition capabilities of military personnel. Color night vision units are expected to be of significant use for commercial aviation, police, rescue, and other civilian surveillance applications. Moreover, the CNN computer is a general- purpose machine that can be programmed to perform a variety of sophisticated image processing functions. The development of the CNN-based image processing engine will facilitate the development of products for real-time medical imaging (ultrasonic, MRI, CT, etc.), high-resolution displays, augmented reality systems, "smart" video cameras for automatic image acquisition, etc. The CNN computer will also be applicable to high-speed image processing for multimedia and video conferencing. |
| VOXTEL, INC.
2640 SW Georgian Place Portland, OR 97201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(503) 224-8379
George Williams NAVY 00-089 |
| Title: | Compact, Light Weight Color Night Vision Goggles |
| Abstract: | Voxtel Inc. proposes to develop and demonstrate innovative technologies for combining infrared and low light sensor that, when integrated into a lightweight, low-power, rugged, reliable helmet mounted package, will provide high information content, fused IV/IR imagery and color night vision capability. Due to the complementary nature of the spectral bands, such thermal and low light level sensors are ideally suited for image fusion. In flight demonstrations, pilots have found that fused imagery maximized information content and provided the most contrast when compared to either sensor alone. In the proposed Phase I program, Voxtel Inc. will demonstrate high information content, fused color night vision imagery. An application driven tradeoff will be performed to analyze the respective information contributions of visible (0.4 - 1.1 mm) back-illuminated CCD and (0.4 - 0.9 mm) intensified CCD cameras, NIR (0.4 mm - 1.7mm) InGaAs sensors, and uncooled infrared sensors both individually and when fused using Color Night Vision algorithms. Testing and algorithm development/validation will be performed on the existing PixelVision multi-processor image fusion test bed. A color night vision goggle concept will be developed. During the Phase I program, PixelVision, taking into consideration the state-of-the-art in technologies, will design a common aperture, helmet mounted dual VIS/LWIR Color Night Vision system with a belt mounted color night vision fusion processor that will be manufactured in the Phase II effort. Color night vision goggles would be of great value to policemen, sportsmen, surveillance personnel, FBI and other organizations requiring enhanced night vision capabilities. Variations on this design could improve drive vision in cars and trucks traveling at night, and would be particularly useful in fog or other conditions that obscure viewing but are transparent to infrared. |
| NANOMAT, INC.
820 Prospect Avenue Somerset, PA 15501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 444-0344
Srikanth Raghunathan NAVY 00-090 |
| Title: | Nanocomposite Warheads |
| Abstract: | Today's missile targets are harder, tougher, and more likely to survive impact from the high-velocity steel shroud fragments of the Navy's current Standard Missile design. Current warheads are woefully ineffective against multi-layer, non-homogeneous target materials and configurations. Therefore, warhead performance must be improved to maintain the Standard Missile's effectiveness and insure safety of the Navy surface fleet. Recently, the Navy has undertaken significant efforts to replace steel with tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) in SM-2 shrouds. Hence, tungsten and its alloys and composites are of considerable interest for penetrator applications due to their high densities and excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. However, there are many inherent difficulties in processing and manufacturing of conventional WHA's. Based on the preliminary studies conducted by us, we will focus on nanocrystalline materials based on W-Ni-Co composites for this Phase I effort. We will evaluate the suitability of synthesizing and consolidating these nanomaterials and their impact on the performance as potential warhead materials. We will employ the hydrocode model incorporating the effects of nanocrystalline grain size, density, yield/tensile strength, etc. on the simulated warhead performance. We will also determine the effective shape, contour, and size of the liner materials to attain maximum performance characteristics. Applications include, but are not limited to, commercial and other defense ammunition, oil-well drilling, mining, construction, law enforcement, and energy industries. Furthermore these materials have tremendous commercial potential as cutting tools, mining and construction tools, die and wear parts, microelectronic packaging, counterweights, radiation shielding, high-temperature structural components, space components (thrusters, nozzles, rocket engines, chambers, etc.), aerospace components, lamp filaments, heating elements, etc. |
| SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES & SYSTEMS, INC.
7655 E. Redfield Rd. #10 Scottsdale, AZ 85260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 483-1997
Walker Butler NAVY 00-090 |
| Title: | Innovative Air and Surface Strike Weapons Technology |
| Abstract: | Sensor Technologies & Systems' personnel have over 35 years experience designing, building and testing active, semi-active and passive RF seekers for air-to-air and air-to-surface missile systems. STS has recently been working at millimeter wave frequencies for low cost ($500-2000) commercial sensor applications. STS proposes to investigate the application of this commercial technology for a very low cost air-ground seeker. This seeker would feature beam steering in aximuth for search and high range resolution for clutter rejection and target identification. STS has been engaged in the design, fabrication, and test of millimeter wave radar sensors for several years. STS was initially contracted under the U.S. Department of Transportation's Integrated Vehicle Highway System program to evaluate the effectiveness of forward-looking radars for collision warning and cruise control for future cars and trucks. This effort lasted from 1993 to 1998 and included the design, fabrication, and test of a 76.5 GHz FM-CW radar mounted on the front of a test vehicle. Since then STS has started development of a miniaturized 76.5 GHz radar for use in this application. This radar has many of the generic features which would qualify it for use as a missile seeker, such as a narrow azimuth beam (1.6 degrees), good range resolution (1.5 feet), a scanning antenna in azimuth (20 beam positions), and radar image processing for scene recognition. The radar transmits only a few milliwatts of power, yet it can easily detect vehicles over 200 meters away. While this range is not sufficient for a seeker, one kilometer should be, so the concept is worth considering. There is component development occurring in the 76-77 GHz band because of the automotive applications. STS Proposes to take advantage of this development to design and test an extremely low cost missile seeker. |
| (DCS) DIMENSIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
580 Kirts Blvd, Suite 309 Troy, MI 48084 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(248) 269-9777
Steve Bannasch NAVY 00-091 |
| Title: | Technology for Shipbuilding Affordability |
| Abstract: | In order to promote commercial competetiveness and reduce costs in the shipbuilding industry, DCS is proposing to bring into the industry a strict process control to reduce the amount of dimensional variation during the Design and Production of each ship. The Dimensional Management Procedure has been the main reason for the U.S. automotive industry's comeback in the world competitive market. Over the last ten years the US automotive industry, through the use of the Dimensional Management System (DMS), has made tremendous advances in reducing the production costs of their vehicles while at the same time achieving significant increases in quality. The DMS is a very strict and controlled process that has been able to identify design and/or process problems throughout the entire life cycle of the platform. With the use of the DMS procedure a communication network in the engineering design and manufacturing cultures has been established to reduce the products average unit cost through accuracy control and process management. The focus of this proposal is to bring this proven methodology and its associated technologies into the shipbuilding processes to positively impact the industry. - Establish the US shipbuilding industry in the World Class Market. - Reduce the average unit cost of each ship by limiting the amount of unneccessary manufacturing rework and design changes due to the results of process and material variation. - Improve production methods, production planning and control, accuracy control, supplier relations and design for manufacturing. |
| ACCUDATA, INC.
5750 Marathon Drive Jackson, MI 49201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(517) 784-8222
Todd McEllis NAVY 00-091 |
| Title: | Technology for Shipbuilding Affordability - Development of a Monitoring and Feedback Device to Increase Human Welding Productivity |
| Abstract: | Manual, human welding is still a vital operation for shipbuilding and other large structure manufacturing. Surprisingly, the advancement of manual welding equipment has been virtually ignored. Today's experienced welders are only slightly more productive than they were 30 years ago. To compound this problem, the U.S. labor pool of welders is shrinking and less skilled welders are being utilized at an ever-increasing rate. It has become critical for shipbuilding operations, to develop technologies that will increase the productivity and cost-effectiveness of manual welding. The objective of this proposal is to prove the feasibility, to the point of demonstration, that a "Portable, Semi-Automatic Arc Welding Monitoring and Feedback Device" can be developed that will meet these goals. This device will significantly reduce manual welding costs by increasing its speed and accuracy, and reducing the amount of rework required. Additionally, a real-time feedback feature will provide extra sensing capabilities, allowing less skilled, lower paid welders to produce quality welds. This device will also reduce welder training time, and will generate electronic audit trails for process time and parameters. By providing real-time process feedback, the human welder instantly knows if the weld being performed is accurate and within the established quality guidelines. This instantaneous process knowledge allows the welder to take corrective action before a bad weld is produced. This capability has many benefits that all lead to production efficiencies, cost reductions and increased quality. Productivity Increases are gained since the welder is going to be more accurate, and will spend less time reworking previously welded parts. Due to the high degree of rework currently being performed in U.S. shipyards, the production efficiencies created by this device, will also shorten the overall production time of ship construction. This device will also allow welders to work more effectively in situations where the weld is not easily accessible, or possibly even hidden, or when the weld is in a hazardous location. Cost Reductions are gained in several ways. Since the proposed device will greatly reduce reworking, the additional costs of welding consumables as well as labor costs will also be reduced. This device will make a good welder better and a poor welder good by adding sensing capabilities, so another cost reduction comes via the shipbuilder's ability to rely on less experienced and thus, lower paid, welders to get the same job done. Another cost reduction is due to the shorter training time required to make new welders productive. The instantaneous feedback allows welding students to learn at a rapid pace. Quality Increases are also gained in several ways. The real-time information being fed back to the welder gives them an ability to take corrective action as they weld. The skill set of less experienced welders will be enhanced to make them better welders. |
| ART ANDERSON ASSOC.
202 Pacific Avenue Bremerton, WA 98337 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(360) 479-5600
Eric Snyder NAVY 00-091 |
| Title: | Convertible Floating Dock |
| Abstract: | There are problems that both the Military Sealift Command (MSC) and commercial ferry systems have, which this dual-use design addresses. Sealift problems realized during past military conflicts have spawned ongoing studies with respect to commercially viable additional vessels and faster vessels. One of the logistical problems encountered by these vessel concepts is the "hurry up and wait" syndrome. The cargo handling surge that occurs during wartime in U.S. and foreign ports or the non- existence of ports in the theater or war, creates a sealift bottle neck. The Mobile Offshore Bases (MOBS) concept was devised to address this issue on a grand scale but has not proven to be financially feasible. More recently, the military has embarked on the Joint Modular Lighter System (JMLS) program to develop modular docks, both motorized and non-motorized, for supporting sealift Joint Logistics Over The Shore (JLOTS) operations . Floatable Docks which could be mass produced for both military and commercial applications, and are therefore highly affordable, can be moored with the Ready Reserve Fleet in strategic locations around the world and towed into the most logistically desirable locations when and where a military conflict arises. Because of the exploding market demand for ferries, and consequently more ferry docks, as well as the potential military market, the time is right for a Convertible Floating Dock to be developed, to meet the demand. The combined factors of market demand and the Convertible Floating Dock features, indicate that there exists a maritime industry opportunity for a product design breakthrough, which provides a highly flexible and economical system for commercial and military (dual-use) markets. Developing such a design, which could leapfrog the U.S. as a global competitor in dock system production, is commensurate with the MARITECH ASE Advanced Product Designs and Materials Sub-Initiative, under the Product Design and Material Technologies Major Initiative. |
| TOUCHSTONE RESEARCH LABORATORY, LTD.
The Millennium Centre, R.D. 1, Box 100B Triadelphia, WV 26059 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(304) 547-5800
Darren K. Rogers NAVY 00-091 |
| Title: | Reducing the Cost of Naval Vessels through Use of Inexpensive, Lightweight Structural Foams |
| Abstract: | Within focus on Product Design and Material Technologies under MARITECH's Strategic Investment Plan, there is opportunity for development of novel materials and designs that will reduce systems costs and offer performance improvements. A technology, based on domestic materials and expertise, is being developed by Touchstone Research Laboratory that will support low-cost shipbuilding and market differentiation with international shipbuilders. It is a lightweight, fire-resistant, structural carbon foam produced from readily-available bituminous coal. Carbon foam advantages that support shipbuilding affordability include (1) finished component costs projected at less than $6 per pound, (2) widely available precursors from a robust, domestic supplier base, (3) parallel development for commodity industries to reduce manufacturing costs with increased volume, and (4) reduced maintenance/replacement costs in a marine environment. Initial concept testing has been supported under Navy Phase I and II SBIRs aimed at illustrating the multifunctionality of carbon foam. There are many naval applications for carbon foam, utilizing its structural properties and fire and corrosion resistance. In the proposed effort, Touchstone seeks to broaden exposure of carbon foam to include other vessels, such as submarines and smaller surface vessels which also offer applications for lightweight, inexpensive, and fire resistant structural materials. Ship, home and building ventilation ducts and fireproof walls for home, office and emergeny shelters; fire and ballistic protection for law enforcement, fire fighting and military personnel |
| VEXCEL CORP.
4909 Nautilus Court Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 583-0224
Lanny D. Mack NAVY 00-091 |
| Title: | Technology for Shipbuilding Affordability |
| Abstract: | Vexcel Corporation proposes to adapt, and expand, its existing close range photogrammetric process, currently in use by aerospace, automotive, military, and process plant designers, to the unique applications of shipbuilding construction. This technology will have immediate benefits in the MARITECH ASE major initiative areas of Shipyard Production, Systems Technologies (simulation), and Facilities and Tooling. The process allows for highly accurate 3D measurements and 3D models (scene reconstruction) to be extracted from digital photography. The process requires no in field targeting of points of interest, and uses random hand held photography. High accuracy, and automated element extraction, is obtained through the integration of extensive image processing capabilities. In cooperation with Bath Iron Works, the process will be adapted and applied to accuracy control and 3D modeling in Run-to-Suit applications, joining of modular units, and Foundation Verification. Optionally, and in Phase II, Vexcel will produce an enhancement to the existing process, allowing for the fully automated 3D modeling of piping direct from random hand-held digital imagery, or video. There is a large demand in the shipbuilding industry for rapid, high accuracy three- dimensional as-built information to support retrofit design, damage assessment, construction verification, modular component verification, and run-to-suit documentation. Currently, these requirements are handled through labor intensive applications, reducing production efficiency through costly downtime, fabrication interference, and incomplete data. Having a automated 3D as-built modeling application will improve shipbuilding efficiency, expand simulation capabilities, and support efficient use of support facility layout and design. The great commercial potential for the proposed system is driven by the wide array of applications dependent on receiving timely and cost effective 3d models of real world environments. The range of potential applications include industrial photogrammetry, telecommunications, urban planning, real estate development and sales, retail sales, machine design, parts verification, forensics, and virtual reality based entertainment systems. All of these application areas have growing needs for three dimensional models of the real world, either for engineering applications or for use in virtual reality simulators. Additionally, the significant reduction in on-site labor to acquire field measurements this system could provide increases the commercialization potential through risk reduction in environmentally hazardous areas. |
| ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 829-5864
Ryan L. Hagelstrom NAVY 00-092 |
| Title: | Combat System Automated Testing |
| Abstract: | Current Navy regression testing methods for COTS based systems are labor intensive and expensive. This proposal describes a method for substantially automating the regression-test process for distributed-object shipboard systems: the CORBA Environment Regression Testing System (CERTS). CERTS Software addresses of test/certification functional testing, real-time response measurement, and availability factors for COTS-based CORBA systems. CERTS significantly reduces the time expended on regression testing CORBA systems by allowing the test engineer to quickly record an existing, certified CORBA system's behavior and to subsequently use this behavior model as a comparison baseline for future upgrades. When a new implementation, or upgrade, of a particular distributed system is inserted into the CORBA environment, CERTS stimulates the new system, captures the new system's responses, and compares these responses to the behavior modeled in the baseline. By highlighting deviations from the baseline, CERTS provides the test engineer with the ability to quickly determine where regression test failures occur or if the new system is functioning correctly. Since CERTS automatically generates it's own testing scripts from network conversations, additional time is saved by allowing the test engineer to concentrate on certification rather than the tedious process of writing and debugging test scripts. CERTS will benefit test engineers who are involved in the regression test of distributed object systems by significantly reducing the time required to develop and execute regression tests. While the primary focus of CERTS is for shipboard and submarine-board distributed system testing, the technology is applicable to any COTS distributed-object environment. CERTS will extend Architecture Technology Corporation's existing commercial protocol-analysis tools and system simulators with added test/measurement features. |
| SATCON TECHNOLOGY CORP.
161 First Street Cambridge, MA 02142 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 349-0819
Mark Harris NAVY 00-093 |
| Title: | Modular Blocks for Modular Cells |
| Abstract: | Power electronics requires a system that has the flexibility and design space that semi-custom logic has in digital electronics. The Modular Blocks for Modular Cells concept offers this design power, using the concept of a cellular power bus, it provides a semi-custom module using modular sub components. Since the cellular power bus and its supporting structure conform to a standard X & Y size and repeat, it is possible to define the outline size for the sub components that mount inside the cell. If the interfaces inside the cell are defined it now becomes possible to create modular sub components that can be mixed and matched to create semi Standards based design provides the basis for a new industrial model for the power electronics industrial base. A network of companies working cooperatively but in their own areas of specialization to provide the standardization, infrastructure, and production capabilities required to meet the needs of the power electronics customer base. The modular blocks would meet the needs of the Navy and other services for power electronics systems that are quick to develop, reasonably inexpensive and supportable over long periods of time. |
| DROPLET MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
P.O. Box 20293 Boulder, CO 80308 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 440-5576
Darrel Baumgardner NAVY 00-094 |
| Title: | Fast-response Sensor for the Measurement of the Optical Properties and Carbon Content of Organic Aerosols |
| Abstract: | Droplet Measurement Technologies, Inc. proposes to demonstrate the viability of a new technique for measuring carbon mass on a particle-by-particle basis. The methodology utilizes a combination of light scattering and emission to differentiate carbon aerosols from other types of particles and quantify the mass of these particles over a size range from 0.05 micrometers to greater than 5 micrometers. The technique will measure carbon mass with three orders of magnitude greater sensitivity and response time than currently available measurement techniques. The proposed measurement technique will have applications in the areas of air quality research and monitoring, combustion research, health studies, and climate change research. The high sensitivity and fast response time will make the technique ideal for atmospheric studies of how soot impacts health, air quality and climate in urban, tropospheric and stratospheric environments. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 339-6500
Mark Fisk NAVY 00-095 |
| Title: | Real-time Interactive Analysis and Visualization Interface for Environmental Research Data |
| Abstract: | Mission Research Corporation (MRC) proposes to design and develop a prototype system architecture to perform remote sensor control, data acquisition, dissemination and display of real-time observational data, utilizing Internet and SATCOM technologies. The objective is to support cost-effective environmental research activities that do not require participants to be physically present during field deployments. Capabilities will include a web-based graphical interface, with appropriate security measures, allowing remote investigators to interact with the data collection system over the Internet. An optional SATCOM link will be developed to support operations for cases in which direct Internet access to the data system is not feasible. Interactive capabilities will be developed to disseminate and display user- configurable volumes of real-time data from multiple sensors to multiple remote users. The system will also process and filter up-link commands to instruments during field operations, and allow user feedback to be provided on the operational status of the sensors, data link, and aircraft. Under the Phase I effort, MRC will design and develop preliminary capabilities to perform these functions. MRC will integrate and test these prototype capabilities for sensors used by CIRPAS for environmental research. If the Phase I option is funded, MRC will continue to implement and configure preliminary system capabilities and provide demonstrations to potential Phase III customers. This effort will provide the foundation for Phase II development and demonstration of a fully capable system for remote sensor control, data acquisition, management and visualization via the Internet and an optional SATCOM link, for use in multi-sensor and multi-user field experiments. The system is to be used by CIRPAS and their customers for environmental research using remotely-piloted aircraft. DOE, NASA, NOAA, NSF, and NCAR could also use the proposed technology for collaborative research programs using aircraft, ships, buoys and other data collection platforms. Private sector applications include use by Droplet Measurement Technologies for remote data acquisition and control of their particle spectrometers and by Pacific Sierra Research Corporation for remote monitoring of airborne radionuclides near reactors and production facilities. |
| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1224
Thomas J. Kane AF 00-001 |
| Title: | Resonant Frequency Converter Integrated with Ytterbium Fiber Amplifier |
| Abstract: | Ytterbium-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers promise to reach output levels well over 10 Watts, approaching 100 Watts, at wavelengths near 1 micron. We propose an architecture for frequency converting the output of fiber amplifiers. We believe that this architecture will allow construction of multi-Watt laser sources over a wide wavelength range with unprecedented small size, power consumption, and weight, while maintaining diffraction-limited beam quality. This laser system would consist of a low power, fiber-coupled single-frequency laser amplified to high power in a Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier. The output of the fiber amplifier would be frequency converted to the 1.4 to 5 microns wavelength range needed for IR countermeasures. The frequency conversion would be by a pump-resonant optical parametric oscillator (PROPO). The expected output power would be 2-5 Watts in the IRCM wavelength range. The input electrical power requirement would be below 60 Watts, much lower than for Nd:YAG lasers. No liquid cooling would be required. The overall system would have a volume of about 1 liter. Only the fiber-coupled PROPO output stage, which has a small fraction of the size, weight and heat dissipation of the complete system, needs to be located near the critical telescope components. |
| ADVR, INC.
910 Technology Blvd Suite K Bozeman, MT 59718 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 522-0388
Gregg Switzer AF 00-002 |
| Title: | Phase-locked Fiber Laser Array |
| Abstract: | A rugged method for generating continuous wave (cw) laser beams in the multi-kilowatt regime by phase locking lasers using a compact device (~5x20x30 mm) is proposed. The concept employs an array of electro-optically controlled waveguides in Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP). The phase of each beam is controlled by altering the index of refraction of each waveguide in the array with an individually addressable voltage. The number of waveguides and electrodes is easily increased, making this method highly scalable. Combining 20 currently available high-power fiber lasers will lead to cw laser beams in the kilowatt regime; an array of 16 waveguides is proposed here. Waveguides in KTP have significant advantages over other materials such as lithium niobate. KTP advantages include a high electro-optic Figure of merit (~36 pm/V), a high threshold for optical damage (~1 GW/cm2), low susceptibility to photo-refractive damage, and the ability to form low loss (0.5 dB/cm) waveguides using standard ion exchange techniques. KTP is transparent from 350 nm to 4500 nm, so the device will work with many different kinds of lasers. Most importantly, this technique provides a direct path to achieving tens of kilowatts of cw laser power using currently available high-power fiber lasers. |
| PC PHOTONICS
64 Windward Way Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 443-4356
Peter K. Cheo AF 00-002 |
| Title: | Injection Locking of a Clad-Pumped Multicore Fiber Laser Array |
| Abstract: | This proposal introduces an innovative idea to generate a very high output power from a clad-pumped multicore fiber laser array embedded in a common low loss cladding with a unique "isometric" structure. An injection technique is used to actively phase lock the array emitting in the in-phase supermode. A double-clad multicore fiber laser array consisting of a total of seven single-mode fibers spaced within a circle of 28 micron in diameter will be used. A computer analysis of the far-field radiation patterns indicated that a high brightness laser beam with an amplitude 40 dB greater than the side lobes, can be obtained form this multicore fiber laser array for the in-phase supermode with a V-value of ~2 and a core separation of 1.5 times the core diameter. We have also analyzed threshold requirements for generating supermodes by using coupled mode theory. Results indicate that the thresholds for the higher order supermodes are lower than that of the fundamental supermode. Therefore, an injection-locking technique must be developed to suppress the higher order supermodes. Under the Phase I-SBIR, various injection schemes will be explored for the purpose of establishing a stable laser oscillation in the fundamental in-phase super mode of phase locked, clad-pumped fiber laser array. Other important issues to be addressed in Phase I are: the optimum core size and core separation for scaling the output power from a clad-pumped fiber laser array up to 1 kW, and the cladding dimension which can reliably accommodate the pump laser power to 1.6 kW at 915 nm without causing catastrophic damage to the cladding material. |
| APOLLO INSTRUMENTS, INC.
18019 Sky Park Circle, Suite F Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 756-3111
Alice Gheen AF 00-003 |
| Title: | High Brightness High Efficiency Fiber-Coupled Laser Diode |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a general method for the development of a fiber-coupled laser diode that is highly efficient at the conversion of electrical power into a high brightness laser beam. The overall goal of this program is to deliver 500W of power, CW, from a single fiber with a brightness of 1MW cm-2 sr-1. As a Phase I demonstration, a device of over 100W will be built with the same brightness and a coupling efficiency of 70%. Advanced optical coupling techniques developed at Apollo Instruments will provide the basis for construction of the system. The laser system will be highly compact, simple, and low in cost. The success of the program will eliminate a major obstacle in current fiber laser development. The enabling technology will also benefit laser material processing, diode pumped solid-state lasers, and high power laser beam transmission. One of the main guidelines in the system design is to develop a high performance fiber-coupled laser diode system that system that is easy to realize, simple to use, and inexpensive to build. |
| CUTTING EDGE OPTRONICS, INC.
20 Point West Blvd. St. Charles, MO 63301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(636) 916-5656
Joseph Levy AF 00-003 |
| Title: | High-Brightness Fiber-Coupled Laser Diodes |
| Abstract: | We with major collaboration from Cynosure Corporation propose to develop high-brightness fiber-coupled laser diode arrays. This will allow for hair removal systems using fiber delivery, create improved pumping schemes of host materials, such as Nd:YAG, facilitate pumping of fiber lasers and provide for more industrial applications of diode lasers in material processing applications such as welding, cutting and marking. We will develop lower-divergence higher-brightness diode bars along with optics to preserve the brightness of the laser diode array. Specifically, we will design arrays with bars that have less than 3 degrees FWHM divergence in their slow axis, and 30 degrees output in the fast axis, while operating at high-power. Arrays designed with these lower-divergence bars are coupled to fiber optics with the aid of custom diffractive optics from Cynosure Corporation that correct for imperfections in the diode laser array manufacture and collimate the array to the maximum extent possible. To reduce the slow axis divergence to 3 degrees or less, technology to create passive regions for extended cavities and non-absorbing mirrors at the facets will be evaluated. We will demonstrate the technology using small subscale arrays. Complete designs will be developed for implementation in Phase II. |
| LAMBDA INSTRUMENTS
1607 Glade Road Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-0568
Jon Greene AF 00-004 |
| Title: | Polarization-Maintaining Dual-Clad Yb-doped Fiber |
| Abstract: | Optical fiber lasers are gaining widespread interest due to their numerous advantages over traditional gas and solid state lasers including extremely high damage thresholds, excellent beam quality, superior wavelength and temperature stability, small size, and very high powers using novel double-cladding fiber (DCF). DCF lasers are a unique solution for obtaining high-power diffraction-limited laser beams due to the ability to inject multiwatt pump powers into their large-area, large numerical aperture primary cladding. To date, however,polarized DCF lasers have not been demonstrated and may be critical to the future success of non-linear optical wavelength converters and coherence-based power combiners for kilowatt class lasers. During Phase I, Lambda Instruments proposes to investigate the feasibility of fabricating Yb-doped polarization-maintaining DCF as well as using conventional Yb-doped DCF with novel fiber grating polarizers to demonstrate a polarized, high-power DCF laser. |
| FARR RESEARCH, INC.
614 Paseo Del Mar NE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 293-3886
Everett G. Farr AF 00-005 |
| Title: | Automatic Time Domain Antenna Range and Pseudo Anechoic Chamber |
| Abstract: | For companies engaged in the development of new antenna designs, antenna measurement systems represent a huge initial cost, and a significant barrier to entry into the market. Antenna measurement systems typically use a frequency domain Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and anechoic chamber or large outdoor range. The cost of such systems generally starts at around $300,000, which is more than most small companies can afford. When characterizing ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas, the cost of frequency domain measurements is even greater, because the data must be taken at many frequencies, which requires additional time. To address these cost and time issues, a new technology is now available that allows one to measure the characteristics of antennas in the time domain. Such time domain antenna ranges will have one-quarter the cost of a conventional range. They will provide meaningful measurements over two decades of bandwidth, in either the frequency or time domain. They will also be easily stowed and deployed as required. During Phase I we will assemble a prototype antenna measurement system. We will add features to an existing system, including computer control of the azimuth and elevation of the antenna under test, and a basic signal processing package. This system can also serve as a pseudo anechoic chamber for electromagnetic measurements. Such a system can measure coupling transfer function and backscattering parameters. |
| GEMFIRE CORP.
2471 E. Bayshore Road #600 Palo Alto, CA 94303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 849-6831
Douglas J. Bamford AF 00-006 |
| Title: | Portable Laser Illuminator Based on Frequency-Doubled Diode Lasers |
| Abstract: | The U.S. military needs portable laser illuminators operating in the blue and green regions of the spectrum for use in non-lethal weapons. Existing devices, based on the frequency-doubling of diode-pumped solid state lasers, are too inefficient and expensive to be of practical use. Our innovation is an alternative source of blue/green radiation which is more efficient (because the diode laser radiation is frequency-doubled directly) and less expensive (because it is manufactured using low-cost laser diodes and processing/packaging techniques borrowed from the semiconductor industry). During Phase I we will prove the feasibility of our approach by developing an innovative process for fabricating an efficient frequency doubler, measuring the doubling efficiency, and calculating the performance to be expected from a portable laser illuminator based on our approach. During Phase II we will construct a prototype laser illuminator, measure its performance, and deliver it to the Air Force. |
| GT TECHNOLOGIES
19 Courtney Rd. Farmingville, NY 11738 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 696-4898
Zhimin Liu AF 00-007 |
| Title: | Electro-Optic Devices for Search and Rescue |
| Abstract: | Combat search and rescue (SAR) capability is becoming increasingly important. Laser interrogating and transponding conception is well suited to rapidly identify and precisely pinpoint the downed personnel from the flying searching platform at a distance < 4km with high certainty. The principal operation is based on detecting strong reflection of the searching laser illumination from an optical transponder that is carried by the downed personnel, modulating with an identifying beacon. In this program, GT Technologies proposes to develop an innovative laser transponder which has many desired performance advantages of: low optic insertion loss (high reflectance), robustness, polarization independent operation, wide operation temperature range, broad wavelength response, compact, lightweight, very low energy consumption, and low cost. The simplicity in construction, low power requirement, and cost effectiveness make the proposed laser transponder particularly suited for wide deployment, equipping all personnel at risk. Moreover, the innovative transponder can also function as a communication system, covertly and securely transmitting voice and data. A prototype laser transponder will be demonstrated during Phase I program. |
| OPTICAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
472 Westover Road Stamford, CT 06902 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 348-8761
Gerald Falbel AF 00-007 |
| Title: | Electro-Optic Devices for Search and Rescue |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes a laser scanner/receiver retro-reflector system designed to locate and identify downed aircraft personnel on sea or land. It is composed of an 810 nm. Semiconductor diode laser and a silicon array receiver, whose fields of view are mechanically scanned in a cross-track direction to the flight path of the search aircraft to cover a 5800 ft. wide or larger area under the aircraft flight path. The laser energy reflected by the retro-reflector provides a very large signal-to-detector noise and background noise so as to provide highly reliable detection of the downed personnel, who mounts the retro-reflector on his head. Using GPS input, the computer for the system defines the coordinates of the detected "hit" location and directs the pilot of the search aircraft to confirm the location of the "hit". An optional, secondary, narrow field laser/receiver, used in to perform IFF-recognition functions on the downed personnel by electro-optical means in a radio silent regime, is also described.In this Phase I effort, only the wide field scanner will be fabricated and will be tested before delivery from a stationary location on the roof of a tall building or at the edge of a cliff. Although the GPS and radar altimeter inputs required for airborne operation of the system will not be provided as part of Phase I, suitable "hooks" for these inputs will be incorporated into the delivered software to accept these inputs during flight testing. A full interface specification to ease the flight test integration will also be delivered in this Phase I program. The scanner is designed to be installed on a pitch stabilized platform allowing a ±90° cross-track scan, in either a helicopter of a light aircraft capable of flying at 111 knots. Roll stabilization in the scanner mount is considered desirable but is not required for reasonable aircraft roll dynamics. In addition to this proposal, we are submitting a proposal in response to Topic AF00-255 for a Laser Navigation Aid, which assists aircraft in landing in airports in a radio silent environment. The system proposed for this Topic is highly similar to that proposed herein, requiring relatively minor changes in hardware and software. Therefore, if OPTICAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES INC. is selected to perform both efforts the cost for developing the instrument for Topic AF00-255 will be significantly reduced relative to its stand-alone cost, because of shared costs for program management and software. |
| AC MATERIALS, INC.
2721 Forstyh Road Suite 264 Winter Park, FL 32792 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 679-3395
Arlete Cassanho AF 00-008 |
| Title: | High-Efficiency Mid-Infrared Solid-State Lasers |
| Abstract: | A potentially efficient 4 micron laser is proposed that can deliver a series of 5 pulses in 0.5 seconds. Then after a relaxation time to cool down the system, a new series of pulses can be emitted. The laser will consist of a Ho doped BaY2F8 crystal pumped by a flashlamp pumped 890 nm Cr:LiSAF laser.The primary goal of the Phase I project is o demonstrate feasbility of the scheme and to develop design criteria for following Phase II project that will meet the requirements of the Air Force. |
| DIGITAL OPTICS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
64 Daly Drive Extension Stoughton, MA 02072 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 297-7916
Selim Shahriar AF 00-009 |
| Title: | High-Power, High-Brightness Beam Combination of Semiconductor Lasers using Multiple Gratings in a High Efficiency Thick Hologram |
| Abstract: | We propose to use a high efficiency, thick hologram for producing a diffraction- limited beam by combining multiple semiconductor lasers into a single aperture. For incoherent combining, N lasers are tuned (via temperature, for example) to be Dl apart from its neighbors. Using N gratings in a hologram of thickness d, these beams can be combined into a single aperture, producing a diffraction limited beam with a net intensity close to 90% of the sum of the input intensities. For 980 nm lasers, for example, d= 2 mm is enough to combine lasers with Dl =0.05 nm. N can be up to 20 for the dynamic range currently achieved in our holographic substrate. Using another combining stage where the wavelength width of each channel is greater than 20Dl, the process can be cascaded. For coherent combining, (N-1) lasers are first injection locked to a master laser. N gratings in a thick hologram are then used to produce a multi-wave mixing process. Under a specific set of relations between the amplitudes and phases of the input beams, controllable via feed-back, a diffraction limited output beam is produced, with an intensity close to 90% of the sum of the input intensities. |
| QEI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2715 S. St Paul Denver, CO 80210 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 692-0331
John A. Bognar AF 00-010 |
| Title: | Portable Microwave Refractometer System for Sensing Refractive Index and Humidity Fluctuations |
| Abstract: | The measurement of atmospheric refractive index, its variations, and humidity fluctuations is very important in understanding and predicting the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the atmosphere. This is important to a variety of Air Force technologies such as the Airborne Laser and ground-based lasers. It is also important in explaining the behavior of clear-air radars. QEI proposes to develop a lightght microwave refractometer for airborne use which will measure the above quantities. The instrument is designed to directly measure the speed of propagation of the microwaves, as opposed to previous indirect methods. It will be constructed using commercial off-the-shelf electronics and advanced materials which nearly eliminate thermal considerations which affect other designs. It will make high-speed measurements of the radio refractivity of the atmosphere, the radio refractive index structure constant, and humidity. In Phase I, a prototype refractometer will be fabricated and tested. In Phase II, a final ruggedized design will be completed for Air Force use. Extensive field tests will be carried out with the system to ensure it meets Air Force needs. |
| QUADRANT ENGINEERING, INC.
107 Sunderland Road Amherst, MA 01002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(413) 549-4402
James Mead AF 00-010 |
| Title: | Radio Refractometer for High Resolution Gradient and Turbulence Measurements of Atmospheric Refractive Index. |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR proposal seeks support to design and construct arevolutionary compact, versatile, radio refractometer system. The refractometer will be capable of accurately (better than 0.5 ppm) sensing atmospheric refractive index gradients and turbulent fluctuations at sufficiently small scales so that it can be used to validate signal propagation models which are used/proposed to predict performance of a variety of VHF, UHF and microwave communications and remote sensing systems. Modern solid state RF and signal processing electronics will be used to activate a sensing cavity, to process its output signal and to display atmospheric refractive index fluctuations in real time. The sensing cavity will be designed using a low cost, high stability material, such as electroplated ceramic. To minimize the adverse and uncertain effects of turbulence at high air speeds, the sensing cavity will be designed for enclosure in a flow controlling aerodynamic housing. Comparative test and evaluation of the prototype instrument will be done using critical components from a Thompson-Vetter laboratory standard refractometer. Calibration and field testing will be performed at the comprehensive "Rock Springs" micrometeorological/turbulence field site operated by the Department of Meteorology at Penn State University. |
| CU AEROSPACE
2004 S. Wright St. Extended Urbana, IL 61802 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(217) 333-8274
David L. Carroll AF 00-011 |
| Title: | Advanced Chemical Iodine Lasers for the ABL |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of CU Aerospace's Phase I work will be to define and model a promising All Gas-phase Chemical Iodine Laser (AGIL) concept. This work will include the identification of key chemical and kinetic reactions and a laser design concept to be fabricated and tested in Phase II. This technology will logically include some novel all gas phase generation techniques for an energy donor for iodine and the injection of atomic rather than molecular iodine. Phase I research will include trade studies on the candidate methods for the creation of an all gas phase energy donor as well as for injecting atomic iodine. This research will lead directly to designs that will be fabricated and tested extensively with detailed diagnostics to evaluate the chosen design's performance attributes in Phase II. |
| MICROCOSM, INC.
401 Coral Circle El Segundo, CA 90245 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 726-4100
Mr. Randolph Schaffer AF 00-012 |
| Title: | Structural Concepts and Components |
| Abstract: | Microcosm proposes to fabricate an all-composite, long service life pressure vessel that is functional at cryogenic temperatures and is compatable with LOX. Phase I will define a basic resin system for a composite lined pressure vessel with a design operating pressure of 600 psig and a minimum cylce life of one hundred fifty (150) cycles. Composite Technology Development, Inc. will also participate by developing and testing resins and adhesives. CTD is a specialist in cryogenic resin/adhesive development and fabrication. Presently CTD is also performing development work on an all composite cryogenic tank. The fabrication process proposed by Microcosm will utilize room temperature non-autoclave cure, and wet fabrication methods. Microcosm proposes to fabricate and test one full-size, 42 inch diameter by 135 inch long complete pressure vessel. Phase II would refine the process and include composite ports and the addition of composite tank skirts fabricated integral with the tank for further weight reduction. |
| MZA ASSOC. CORP.
2021 Girard SE Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 245-9970
Steve C. Coy AF 00-012 |
| Title: | WaveTrain: A Commercial Quality Tool for Wave Optics Simulation |
| Abstract: | Laser weapons systems and compensated imaging systems use adaptive opticstechnology to sense the optical effects of turbulence, and compensate for them in real time. To develop such systems, one must be able to make reliable performance predictions, but using pure mathematical analysis this is extremely difficult to do. In general, the more stressing scenarios are the hardest to analyze, but they are also the most important from a design perspective, because they determine the system's operational envelope. Fortunately, there is an approach that can handle these cases: high fidelity computer simulation, using two-dimensional complex meshes to model optical wavefronts as they propagate across the atmosphere and through the system optics. This technology, called wave optics simulation, is well developed, and well anchored to both theory and experiment. Unfortunately, wave optics codes have always been extremely difficult to use, because one must be expert not only in adaptive optics, but also in the subtleties of wave optics simulation, and the peculiarities of the particular code. There is a recognized need for a user-friendly wave optics tool, and we have been working to develop just such a tool, called WaveTrain. Under this SBIR we propose to expand and accelerate this effort. |
| OPTICAL SCIENCES CO. (GA TYLER & ASSOC)
1341 S. Sunkist St. Anaheim, CA 92806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 772-7668
Terry J. Brennan AF 00-012 |
| Title: | Wave Optics Simulation |
| Abstract: | A user-friendly yet powerful approach to wave optics simulation isproposed. The approach integrates an existing library of wave optics computational tools with a powerful and extensible Matlab front end based on object oriented programming techniques. It is shown that wave optics simulation requirements fit very naturally into Matlab's object oriented paradigm. The simulation tool will have both a command line and GUI executive capability as well as several GUI support tools. A large library of models will incude propagation algorithms, turbulence models, sensor and corrector models, servo control models, data analysis tools, and graphical tools. The library will be fully exensible by the user with the ease of Matlab programming. The Phase I effort will result in a fully functional prototype which demonstrates the feasibility of using Matlab's object oriented capabilities to develop the complete tool. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
20600 Gramercy Place Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Ilya Agurok AF 00-013 |
| Title: | Comprehensive Beam-forming Using Multi-conjugated Optics |
| Abstract: | The Air Force is soliciting a new adaptive optics system that will be able to completely compensate for atmospheric turbulence over the path of a high-power laser beam. Atmospheric turbulence results in phase distortion and intensity scintillation of the probing beam at the entrance pupil of the beam directing system. Due to the high-power of the laser beam, it is impossible to use any absorption or dispersion techniques to create the required amplitude distribution. Only a deformable mirror technique can be used for beam energy redistribution. POC proposes a method for calculation of the phase deformation required at one mirror to compensate the amplitude distribution at the entrance pupil of the system. The analysis of the deformable mirror's flexibility will determine the number of deformable mirrors required to perform the amplitude distribution at the entrance pupil. In Phase I of this project, we will develop an optical system design and test the design through simulation and modeling. |
| KESTREL CORP.
6624 Gulton Court NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-2327
Andrew Meigs AF 00-014 |
| Title: | Distorted Grating Wavefront Sensor |
| Abstract: | Kestrel Corporation proposes a new technology that offers the opportunity to use phase diversity wavefront sensing under high scintillation conditions and with passive extended target references. Based on the use of a distorted optical grating technology, this proposed Phase I SBIR will show that it is feasible to provide, simultaneously, the images before and after the entrance pupil that are needed to execute the phase diversity algorithms. The work will demonstrate that these algorithms can be completed in time frames compatible with the compensating atmospheric aberrations. |
| QORTEK, INC.
4121 Jacks Hollow Road Williamsport, PA 17702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(570) 745-3555
Gareth Knowles AF 00-015 |
| Title: | Functionally Integrated Fast Steering Mirror |
| Abstract: | The proposed technology promises to meet the requirements by introducing a newpiezoelectronically driven colocated sensoriactuation system. The novel sensor promises to enable 1nm resolution and 20 KHz bandwidth in a small package. The actuation mechanism is a unique high stiffness and shear strength actuation mechanism capable of driving at high-bandwidth with no low coupling modes present. |
| SVS, INC.
4411 the 25 Way NE, Suite 350 Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 449-4696
Mike Meline AF 00-015 |
| Title: | Advanced High Bandwidth, Large Dynamic Range, Large Size, Fast Steering Mirror |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of this SBIR will be to perform the design processes leading to a preliminary design of an Advanced Fast Steering Mirror (AFSM) traceable to ABL and applicable to tracking tests underway at NOP. Trade studies, control simulations, modal analysis, and thermal analysis will be performed to produce an AFSM design which strikes an effective balance of performance drivers and available technology for actuators, flexures, and mirror sensors. The AFSM electronics will support implementations of control algorithms as developed by Mr. Karl Schrader, an SVS employee, in his Master's Thesis Paper titled: "A Modulated White Light Interferometer forSensing Sub-Wavelength Structural Disturbances". Karl will also investigate a new High Resolution Si Position Sensor (HRSPS) developed by The University of New Mexico. Karl has been granted the use of prototype sensors, from UNM, for development and application to this project. Mr. Mike Meline will lead the effort as Program Manager and Principle Investigator. Mike has 20 years of experience with design, fabrication and test of fast steering mirrors, and has published several fundamental papers on beam steering mirror technology. Mike will guide the SVS team through the design trades and technology selections culminating in a Preliminary Design Review (PDR) by the end of Phase I of this effort. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Suite 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
R.K.Mehra/Constantino Rag AF 00-016 |
| Title: | Bayesian Tracking for Optimal Exploitation of a Priori Information |
| Abstract: | Scientific Systems Company, Inc. (SSCI) and itssubcontractor Lockheed Martin Tactical Defense Systems (LMTDS) propose to develop and demonstrate a concept-feasibility algorithm capable of optimally tracking targets within two- and three-dimensional images that are corrupted by background noise, target signature distortion effects (e.g. scintillation), etc. We propose to do this by using recursive Bayesian nonlinear filtering to optimally exploit all available a priori information (e.g. target shape, sensor noise statistics, clutter statistics, anticipated target motion statistics). Our baseline approach will be an LMTDS-developed approximate nonlinear filtering technique called Bayes-closed spectral compression. If n denotes the number of internal filter parameters, this filter has best-possible computational efficiency for a completely on-line technique: either O(n) or O(n log n) depending on the implementation. Unlike ad hoc approximation techniques, it is theoretically guaranteed not to diverge because of accumulation of approximation error and similar difficulties. A primary goal will be to model target shape, model (possibly time-correlated) background noise, model (possibly time-correlated) target signature distortion effects such as scintillation, and incorporate these models into a sensor likelihood function f(z|x). This work will be greatly aided by existing development in nonlinear filtering being conducted by SSCI and LMTDS under the AFRL/SNAT-sponsored ``Space-Based Targeting Technologies'' project. |
| OPTOLOCITY, INC.
7159 E. Cortez Rd. Scottsdale, AZ 85260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 991-4593
Bao-Hua Yang AF 00-017 |
| Title: | Compact Optically Pumped High-Power Midwave IR Semiconductor Lasers |
| Abstract: | We propose a novel packaging scheme for high-power optically pumped MWIR lasers. The proposed device module does not need any optics for the alignment and is very compact in size. During the program, numerous calibration runs laser structures will be grown using MBE. The package thermal management will also be optimized. It is expected that high-performance and high-power MWIR lasers can be realized utilizing mature 980 nm lasers as the pump source. These lasers will find not only defense but also many commercial applications such as chemical sensing, free space optical communications etc. |
| SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
3490 U.S. Route 1 Building 12 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 520-0610
Jacobus S. Vermaak AF 00-017 |
| Title: | Development of 1.8 to 3.5 Micron Semiconductor Diode Lasers for Infrared Countermeasure Applications |
| Abstract: | Sensors Unlimited, Inc. will grow, fabricate and characterize two types of lasers: (1) A 3.5 µm Type II AlGaAsSb/InAs/InGaSb W-quantum-well diode laser that outputs 100 mW for Band-II infrared countermeasure applications and (2) A 1.8 µm InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs diode laser outputting 1 W as a source for Band-I infrared countermeasure applications. Both devices will be Fabry-Perot gain-guided oxide-stripe diode lasers. We will deliver one of each type of laser along with an optoelectronic characterization of the devices. Sensors Unlimited Inc. will subcontract Sarnoff Corporation to grow and fabricate low-loss broadened-waveguide laser structures in the antimonide and phosphide material systems. We will use W-quantum-well designs from the Naval Research Laboratory. Sensors will characterize threshold current, external efficiency, internal loss, maximum output power, and beam quality. This data will prove invaluable for further designs to be fabricated and tested in Phase II. For the Phase I program, Sensors and Sarnoff will leverage their experience in developing and commercializing both 2.6 µm and 3.2 µm antimonide-based quantum-well lasers and 1.3 µm to 2 µm phosphide based quantum-well lasers. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Christopher M. Gittins AF 00-021 |
| Title: | Compact Semiconductor Laser-Based Environmental Monitoring System Development |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop and demonstrate a novel approach for sensing of chemically contaminated materiel using recently emergent Quantum Cascade laser technology. Although substantial progress has been made in the remote detection of airborne chemical and biological plumes, the important problem of detecting contaminated surfaces after the passage of an active plume has not been adequately addressed. Building on a previous demonstration of QC laser-based DIAL detection of chemical vapor plumes, PSI will adapt our dual wavelength DIAL approach to the detection of trace chemical films on surfaces. Projected detection sensitivities suggest that agents such as VX can be detected at sub-lethal thresholds on surfaces at distances up to a few km. The Phase I program will validate the detection models in laboratory experiments and determine the minimum detectable concentration of chemical agent simulants. These results will be used to design a vehicle-mounted sensor for development and delivery to the AF during the Phase II portion of the program. |
| LAMBDA INSTRUMENTS
1607 Glade Road Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-0568
Jon Greene AF 00-022 |
| Title: | Gratings for High-Power Yb-doped Fiber Lasers |
| Abstract: | High-power fiber lasers are emerging as viable alternatives to traditional gas and solid-state laser systems for many military and industrial applications. The advantages of fiber lasers are numerous: extremely high damage thresholds, excellent beam quality, superior wavelength and temperature stability, small size, and very high powers using novel double-cladding fiber (DCF). Another advantage of using fiber as the lasing medium is the unique ability to fabricate mode conversion gratings directly within the fiber laser cavity for manipulation of both the signal and pump light. During Phase I, Lambda Instruments proposes to investigate the performance of novel fiber gratings as laser mirrors, pump light mode converters, and as signal light mode converters within future kilowatt-class fiber laser systems. To assist in the design, fabrication, and characterization of fiber gratings, Lambda has assembled a highly-experienced development team. The development team proposes to investigate the feasibility of advanced grating technology during Phase I, finalize the development of grating components for fiber laser applications during Phase II, and work with industry partners to commercialize advanced fiber laser and amplifier systems during Phase III and beyond. |
| ACULIGHT CORP.
11805 North Creek Parkway S. Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 482-1100
Andrew Brown AF 00-023 |
| Title: | Cost-Effective, Scalable, High-Power, Mid-IR Optically (laser) Pumped Molecular Laser Source |
| Abstract: | The advantageous properties of solid state fiber lasers, and gas laser converters are merged to provide high power mid-IR radiation for Air Force missions such as countermeasures and remote sensing. Previous attempts to develop mid-IR sources from solid state lasers has resulted in a few Watts of average power due to thermally induced aberrations in non-linear converters. Here we propose to combine the excellent beam quality of fiber laser pump sources with the efficiency and average power handling capabilities of optically pumped molecular lasers. The gas laser provides coherent beam combination and wavelength down conversion. Key elements of our approach include: a new diode pump source for fiber lasers, high energy narrowband fiber laser operation, SBS parasitic elimination, and a method for efficient absorption of fiber laser power by the molecular gas laser. This method of generating a high power source for the Air Force supports the LITE program by leveraging existing laser technology from the telecommunications and material processing industries. |
| DIRECTED ENERGY SOLUTIONS
14125 Candlewood Ct. Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 277-1451
Jeff Nicholson AF 00-023 |
| Title: | Cost-Effective, Scalable, Optically Pumped Molecular Laser |
| Abstract: | Electrically powered, optically pumped molecular gas lasers offer superior beam quality, efficiency, wavelength diversity, and a wide range of power scaling. In this approach, molecular gases are pumped by a large number of well-developed, efficient, optical sources such as diode pumped solid state lasers, diode lasers, and fiber lasers. The resulting molecular laser effectively combines the numerous pump apertures into a single coherent aperture. Several key features of the optically pumped systems which must be demonstrated are: pump source frequency control, optical coupling efficiency into the molecular species, and the molecular physics associated with lasing and competing molecular processes. Nd:YAG pumping on the HBr (3,0) transition at 1.34 microns with lasing at 4 microns allows us to examine these issues. The Nd:YAG system serves as a test-bed for proving the technology essential for building both infrared and shorter wavelength diode and fiber pumped gas laser systems. |
| HOPE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
185 East Main Rd. Little Compton, RI 02837 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 353-9991
Valerii Kozlov AF 00-024 |
| Title: | High-Power Fiber Laser |
| Abstract: | New designs for all glass cladding pumped fiber lasers are proposed. In order to increae the number of pumping ports, 2 x 2 couplers (multimode, 300 micron) of active (Yb doped) will be fabricated. This will increase the number of pumping ports toward the goal of increased power output. This work can be carried out because Hope Technologies, Inc. has access to the state-of-the-art facilities in the Laboratory for Lightwave Technology at the Boston University Photonics Center. |
| KIGRE, INC.
100 Marshland Road Hilton Head, SC 29926 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(843) 681-5800
John D. Myers AF 00-024 |
| Title: | New High-Power Rare-Earth-Doped Glass Fiber Lasers |
| Abstract: | A breakthrough in fiber laser technology has been achieved which opens the door to a whole new class of efficient ultra-high brightness laser sources. These diode pumped devices have the potential to replace or augment almost all existing industrial, medical, and military laser applications. Kigre's new QX phosphate laser materials exhibit high strength, high gain, high durability, and superior laser performance. This new laser glass material is well suited to suppliment the new fiber laser designs. Fiber lasers have now established themselves as leading contenders for a range of high-power applications. High efficiencies and high gains are readily achieved, and the problems of thermal loading and beam distortion can essentially be eliminated. |
| LASER POWER CORP.
12777 High Bluff Drive San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 755-0700
Maurice Pessot AF 00-024 |
| Title: | High-Power Fiber Laser |
| Abstract: | Power and brightness scaling of fiber lasers is limited by intrafiber damage intensity. Scaling to kW levels from the state-of-the-art requires designs which coherently integrate the output of multiple fiber cores. We have devised a means by which multiple fiber sources are combined coherently to produce an output with an N-fold increase in power and N2-fold increase in brightness. The specific method involves a master oscillator which seeds an array of fiber amplifiers. Feeding all amplifiers from a common master, synchronism in operating frequency and temporal coherence is assured. Each fiber amplifier incorporates a phase control element for precision control of the phase at the output of that fiber, allowing for synthesis of the required spatial phasefront and, hence, the desired far-field beam profile. Our design is insensitive to variation in fiber parameters, eliminates the need for precise control of multiple oscillators, and is infinitely scalable by virtue of its modularity.The Phase I program will verify our design by demonstrating phase control of several independent fiber sources. This will validate the design and provide the data necessary for implementation of control systems required in the highly parallel architecture envisioned for the Phase II program. |
| SPINNAKER SEMICONDUCTOR
100 Union Street SE, Rm. 546 Minneapolis, MN 55455 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 626-8788
John Snyder AF 00-031 |
| Title: | Ballistic Transport Schottky Barrier CMOS for Ultra-High Performance and Space Applications |
| Abstract: | Spinnaker Semiconductor will develop a low temperature variant of its proprietary Schottky Barrier CMOS (SBCMOS) technology. Cooled, short channel (<100nm) Schottky Barrier MOS devices offer the possibility for ballistic transport between source and drain and thus are expected to have tremendous performance advantages over their room temperature, conventional CMOS counterparts. These include the virtual elimination of gate oxide surface scattering and the resulting increase in carrier mobility, reduction in noise, and improved long-term reliability and/or switching performance. The SBCMOS technology is also unconditionally immune to parasitic bipolar effects such as latch-up and is orders of magnitude less sensitive to heavy-ion strikes and other single event phenomena. Furthermore, the process sequence is significantly simpler and more manufacturable than that for room temperature, conventional CMOS, while simultaneously offering more compact design rules for circuit layout and total dose hardness to 1Mrad. Finally, Spinnaker Semiconductor's SBCMOS process is an all-silicon technology that uses standard processing steps and is easily integrated into existing silicon fabrication lines, allowing it to achieve similar economies of scale compared to conventional silicon CMOS. |
| PLANETARY SYSTEMS CORP.
1739 U St NW Washington, DC 20009 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 667-0497
Walter Holemans AF 00-032 |
| Title: | Advanced Micro-Mechanisms for Small Satellites |
| Abstract: | An innovative, lightweight and compact separation system is presented. Its new approach to separation system design provides major improvements over traditional V-bands, separation bolts and explosive frangible joints. This concept, dubbed "Lightband", weighs one fourth that of existing technologies and is half the height. The time and reset cost are a fraction of existing technologies allowing cost effective and statistically meaningful reliability measurements. Separation springs and innovative low friction separation electrical connectors are integral to the design, easing spacecraft integration and design effort and reducing needed footprint. The Lightband uses no pyrotechnics. Consequently, shock, static discharge, particulate contamination, and safety concerns have been reduced or eliminated. The Lightband is shorter allowing payload to get taller. The Lightband's versatility allows use on space vehicle and missile diameters from 8.0 to 102.0 inches and can be shaped to common geometric shapes to optimize high-density spacecraft packaging concepts. Improvements will yield significant cost savings and an increased mass to orbit performance 1 - 3% of most space systems, and significantly more on small (<100 lb) payloads. The Lightband can similarly improve launch vehicle and missile staging. |
| STARSYS RESEARCH
4909 Nautilus Ct. North Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-1925
Kurt Lankford AF 00-032 |
| Title: | Advanced Micro-Mechanisms for Small Satellites |
| Abstract: | A significant technical challenge presented by future space-based precision deployable structures (NGST, SBL and others) is the requirement that the structure be rigid after deployment. To create a rigid structure, the components must be fixed in the deployed configuration with ultra-stiff latches (stiffness>1X106 lbf/inch). The proposed innovation will develop a self rigidizing, ultra-high stiffness capture latch for deployable structures. Ultra-high stiffness is obtained through solidification of low melting point metal alloy within the latch joint. This unique, innovative approach is fundamentally different from other latching concepts. It has the potential to provide extremely high stiffness from a compact, lightweight package, enabling the development of highly stiff deployable structures. In Phase I system trades will be evaluated and the technology will be verified. A proof-of-concept prototype will be designed, manufactured and functionally tested. Target requirements for the mechanism include the following: --Stiffness: > 1700 kN/cm(1 million pound/inch) --Position Stability: <100 nanometer --Engagement Accommodation: +/- 1.5 mm (.06 inch) --Mass: < 150 g. In Phase II the design will be refined and qualified for a specific application. Additional Phase II efforts will develop a family of self-rigidizing components that will provide a "tool-kit" for precision deployable systems. |
| CSA ENGINEERING, INC.
2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 210-9000
Scott C. Pendleton AF 00-033 |
| Title: | Shock Isolation System for Spacecraft Launch and Release (SISSLR) |
| Abstract: | Spacecraft are subjected to extreme shock loads during launch and separation from the launch vehicle. These loads can damage components on the spacecraft, potentially threatening mission success. The proposed program will develop an innovative whole spacecraft shock isolation system that integrates a shock isolation device with a low-shock release mechanism. The combination of the two technologies creates one component serving multiple roles: mounting spacecraft to the launch vehicles, attenuating launch vehicle shock loads, and providing a low-shock spacecraft release. The work performed will allow the spacecraft designer to design primarily for mission performance rather than launch and release survivability. Design concepts and engineering drawings will be developed for both discrete mounted and clamp band mounted small spacecraft (40 to 150 lb) that either mount to a dispenser or directly to a launch vehicle. An engineering model of one concept will be fabricated and shock tested to prove the shock isolation performance. In Phase II this effort will be expanded to include similar devices for larger spacecraft. |
| ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
12401 West 49th Avenue Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 285-5153
Jeff Summers AF 00-033 |
| Title: | Advanced Integrated Spacecraft and Launch Vehicle Technologies |
| Abstract: | Both DOD and NASA have future missions that require the launch and deployment of an increasing number of single spacecraft, as well as multi-craft constellations. To ensure the longevity and usefulness of these high value assets has given rise to the need for on-orbit satellite servicing. Satellite providers, must begin to integrate a designed-for-maintenance philosophy into the architecture of future spacecraft. ITN Energy Systems (ITN) believes adopting design philosophies from the personal computer (PC) industry, the epitome of "plug and play" modularity at minimum production cost, may be the key to cost efficient, serviceable spacecraft. ITN is proposing development of a Next Generation Serviceable Satellite (NGSSAT) bus that integrates the latest advancements in the following technologies, enabling on-orbit servicing, and meeting the growing needs of the small satellite community. ? Modular Bus Architecture w/ Standardized Interfaces ? Multi-Functional Structures (MFS) - Electronics Packaging ? Thin-Film Power Generation/Storage ? Electric Ion Propulsion - Pulsed Plasma Thrusters (PPT) ? Flexible Thermal Management Components. This Phase I SBIR program will perform initial NGSSAT system feasibility studies and demonstrate the enabling spacecraft bus technologies. |
| THINK COMPOSITES, INC.
101 Alma Street, #703 Palo Alto, CA 94301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 322-9433
Stephen W. Tsai AF 00-035 |
| Title: | Composite Flywheel Structure |
| Abstract: | A new look on materials, geometry and manufacturing processes of flywheels is proposed. Our systems approach relies heavily on analytic modeling of stress analysis, interactive failure criteria, optimization, curing, resin flow, contolled failure progression and life prediction. In particular, the optimum ply stiffness and density variations along the radial direction can significantly reduce radial stress and improve rotor's strength; i.e., a steep increase in hoop stiffness and decrease in density. Addition of radial plies, on the other hand, will increase both radial stiffness and stress. The net effect is low strength and high cost - an approach that we do not recommend. Rotors can be manufactured by cigarette rolling and/or filament winding with prepreg, wet or dry tows. In the last case, a centrifugal resin infusion is a good solution. Instead of the conventional multi-step curing, a single-step cure can produce quality product at reasonable cost. A rotor with graded strength can lead to a controlled failure thus reduce the containment requirement. Only the outer rim of the rotor needs high fiber volume. The goal is to ensure safety while minimize the containment requirement. The ultimate product of this work is a set of guidelines and software to produce rotors with high energy, durability and competitive cost. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Applied Technology Division 20600 Gramercy Place, Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Guoda Xu AF 00-036 |
| Title: | An Integrated Laser Sensor Technology |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes a unique laser sensor which provides not only the needed information (both laser incident and threat information) with high sensitivity, but also offers a marketable product with high survivability, in a small package, with low mass, low power, and low cost. The proposed laser sensor will be capable of detecting the (i) angle of arrival (to determine where a threatening event took place), (ii) wavelength and time characteristics of laser incidence (what type of laser system was used), and (iii) coherence of incident light (to distinguish a real laser threat from ambient light as a false alarm). The key features of the proposed laser sensor include: (1) a single aperture design to significantly increase overall sensitivity, (2) a temporal coherence discriminator to significantly reduce false alarm rate, and (3) an integrated design approach to simultaneously detect angle of arrival and wavelength of incidence. In Phase I of this project, the design and characterization of the sensor will be conducted, and a proof of feasibility will be demonstrated with a laboratory model. |
| SPECTRA RESEARCH, INC.
3085 Woodman Drive Suite 200 Dayton, OH 45420 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 299-5999
Gordon R. Little, Ph.D. AF 00-036 |
| Title: | Threat Warning/Attack Reporting Laser Sensor |
| Abstract: | A laser sensor capable of detecting and recording pulsed and continuous wave (CW) laser for orbiting platforms will be designed. The sensor will cover the 0.4 to 12 micro-meter spectral band with sensitivity of 10 micro-W/sq. cm. The sensor will incorporate interferometric detection and pattern processing to enable operation in daytime scenarios. The Phase I effort will include demonstration of the laser detection approach in the visible/near IR band and formulation of a design for a prototype system. |
| STARSYS RESEARCH
4909 Nautilus Ct. North Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-1925
Mitchell Wiens AF 00-037 |
| Title: | Advanced Satellite Docking and Servicing Platform |
| Abstract: | Starsys Research in conjunction with support from MOOG Space Products Division, proposes to develop system baseline definition and requirements for an advanced docking and fluid/ electrical transfer platform that can be used with a "design for serviceability" spacecraft and servicing micro-satellite. This work will build on the groundwork that Starsys Research has already completed as part of a AFRL SBIR Phase II effort entitled "Development of an Orbital Replacement Unit and Associated Devices." |
| CAMBRIDGE COLLABORATIVE, INC.
689 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 876-5777
Patricia A. Manning AF 00-038 |
| Title: | Expert System for Predicting Vibroacoustic Environments |
| Abstract: | Prediction of vibroacoustic and shock environments for DoD and commercial launch vehicles and spacecraft is currently a costly and labor-intensive process. However, the analyses used to predict these environments are essential in order to ensure reliability of vehicle structures and airborne equipment. The objective of this proposed program is to develop an expert system that will allow users to increase prediction accuracy and reduce prediction costs. To be successful the expert system requires a major scientific advance to develop an accurate mid-frequency prediction technique. A mid-frequency technique that combines finite element modeling with statistical energy analysis modeling will be developed as part of the proposed effort. |
| VIBRO-ACOUSTIC SCIENCES, INC.
12555 High Bluff Drive Suite 310 San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 350-0057
Paul G. Bremner AF 00-038 |
| Title: | Expert System for Predicting Vibroacoustic Environments |
| Abstract: | This SBIR project will develop critical vibroacoustic and shock analysis methods that are needed by the Air Force for a more rigorous and standardized approach to the prediction of launch environments for spacecraft, launch vehicles and flight hardware. The new methods developed will all build on existing prediction numerical analysis capabilities - such as AutoSEA software. They principally include improved empirical models for lift-off acoustic loads estimation (and other models to be provided by industry "experts"); more accurate methods for predicting localized random vibration and shock response of individual equipment items; mid-frequency acoustics modeling method (especially payload bay acoustics and spacecraft component loading); direct interactive link between test database and analysis and more rigorous method(s) for estimating uncertainty in vibroacoustic environment predictions. The new prediction methods will be implemented and documented in commercial software and "wrapered" for integration into other predictive software environments using new software industry standards CORBA, XML, etc. |
| K TECHNOLOGY CORP.
500 Office Center Drive Suite 250 Fort Washington, PA 19034 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 858-9308
Mark J. Montesano AF 00-039 |
| Title: | Thermally Conductive Hinge Development for Deployable Radiators (kTC P k002) |
| Abstract: | The current development trend of small, highly integrated satellites has created a challenge to remove heat. These small satellites have less surface area available for static radiator panels. To increase the radiative area, deployable radiators are used. Deployable space radiators require a hinge or flexible joint to provide the degree of freedom to deploy. Traditional designs using aluminum foil stacks are bulky and can be excessively stiff. kTC's thermal hinge concept incorporates thin high conductivity pyrolytic graphite foils. These flexible foils have high conductivity (>1000 W/mK) and low mass (<2.1 g/cm3). The combination of high conductivity, low density and flexibility result in a small lightweight hinge assembly. The goal of the proposed Phase I program is to determine the feasibility of incorporating kTC's material system in a thermal hinge for a deployable radiator through the development and evaluation of a prototype hinge assembly. The program will establish key design, fabrication and performance characteristics. Immediate payoffs include improved thermal performance, and significant weight reduction of radiator assemblies. These payoffs will allow for increased reliability and support the trend toward smaller less expensive satellites. |
| SADDLEBACK AEROSPACE
10523 Humbolt Street Los Alamitos, CA 90720 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 598-3700
Geoffrey O. Campbell AF 00-040 |
| Title: | Boiling Enhanced Micro-Channel Heat Sink for Electronic Cooling |
| Abstract: | As semiconductor devices are driven towards higher powers and faster speeds, they require more capable thermal management technologies. This has led to the use of high performance microchannel cooling, but further improvements in heat transfer performance are sought to: 1) improve temperature stability in the coolers, and 2) increase the heat flux limits of microchannels. Boiling is a potential way to limit the temperature in the coolers, reduce coolant usage, and increase internal heat transfer coefficients. However, only a handful of studies have been performed on 2-phase microchannel flows. The Phase I effort is designed to characterize the fluid and heat transfer physics of 2-phase flows in microchannel systems. The proposed work involves an extensive set of flow visualization experiments in silicon microchannels. The experimental work is complemented by analytic interpretation of the results, generating heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for 2-phase flows in micro-ducts. This will provide the needed understanding to support development of design tools for the generation of cooling systems for laser diodes and electronics. This understanding will be demonstrated during the Phase I program through the fabrication of a microchannel cooler optimized for 2-phase flow. |
| VIBRO-ACOUSTIC SCIENCES, INC.
12555 High Bluff Drive Suite 310 San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 840-3939
Stephen D. O AF 00-041 |
| Title: | Active Control of Payload Fairing Noise Using Smart Foam |
| Abstract: | This project will construct a conceptual yet practical design of an active-passive control system to cancel broadband acoustic noise in launch vehicle payload fairings with an emphasis on the very low frequencies where past methods have proved unsatisfactory. A thorough review of active-passive technologies will be conducted to determine those that can deliver both low and high frequency performance while observing stringent limits on weight, volume, and electrical power. Candidate technologies will be evaluated using a software testbed developed using realistic characterizations of fairing noise environments during launch. Particular attention will be paid to distributed actuation/sensor technologies like smart foam due to their ability to provide large active control authority at low frequency while maintaining the high frequency performance of passive control. The Phase I concept design will be simulated numerically to predict performance and provide estimates of weight, volume and electrical power requirements in order to demonstrate the practicality of the selected approach. |
| QUANTUM LEAP INNOVATIONS, INC.
2700 Philadelphia Pike P.O. Box 970 Claymont, DE 19703 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(302) 798-0899
Thomas A. Pelaia AF 00-042 |
| Title: | Artificial Intelligence Hybrid Range Scheduler |
| Abstract: | Real-time reactive scheduling of ground and space resources such as antennae and communication lines for missions is a demanding, NP-hard problem that challenges the use of any solution technique. The system that schedules ground and space resources must quickly adapt plans to changing mission requirements and unexpected events. We intend to address these issues by architecting a three-layer hybrid approach, composed of a multi-agent hierarchical planning/scheduling system, a flexible model of resource scheduling, and a hybrid numeric/heuristic optimization system. The top layer applies distributed intelligent agents to manage the scheduling of resources in real-time. This multi-agent approach allows for collaborative scheduling, fault tolerance, hierarchical decomposition, and localized reactive scheduling. The middle layer is an extensible model of the resource-scheduling domain. This layer will support a variety of local and non-local views of the problem, exploiting the same structure at several levels of detail. The bottom layer is an existing optimization engine, composed of thirty numeric and heuristic techniques in a cooperative-competitive environment. This system solves general optimization problems efficiently, and enables models of the middle layer to be extremely flexible. Together, these layers will provide an effective solution to the adaptive real-time scheduling of ground and space resources for missions. |
| NAVSYS CORP.
14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 481-4877
Sheryl Atterberg AF 00-044 |
| Title: | GPS-based User Equipment (GbUE) for all Altitude Tracking |
| Abstract: | Studies have shown that GPS tracking can be used for space vehicles at high altitudes, including up to geo-synchronous (GEO), although there may be some performance issues. The number of GPS satellites visible to a GEO orbit user varies from 0 to 3, which is inadequate for a determinate position solution based on GPS alone. GPS tracking could significantly simplify implementation of autonomous Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) in upper stages and satellites. Even without full autonomy, GPS tracking has the potential of shortening the orbit determination process by using a single contact to determine position after a satellite maneuver. Phase I of this SBIR will include a review of all space qualified GPS receivers and their flight experience; provide additional data on disturbances sources, provide detailed design options; develop a preliminary GbUE design including test plans for a low cost, low power, lightweight, miniaturized size for long-life space missions at high altitudes; and provide a feasibility and benefit study of timeline compression and autonomous operation of satellite systems using GPS tracking instead of SGLS ranging. Phase II of this SBIR will include design, fabrication, and test of a prototype GbUE solution; including software, hardware, and tracking operation procedure. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 768-7709
Jeffrey D. Black AF 00-047 |
| Title: | Low Power FFT/IFFT Processor |
| Abstract: | The GPS has become an essential component of the Warfighting apparatus of the United States. Although the system has had outstanding success in enhancing Warfighting capability, it is recognized that there are weaknesses in the system that must be removed if needed performance is to be realized in the 21st century. Currently, the greatest need in navigation is jamming resistant technology. Narrowband sources of interference can easily be countered using nonlinear adaptive frequency domain filtering/processing techniques, namely frequency domain excision (FFT-based excision). As jamming power increases, the need exists for filters with jamming suppression capabilities approaching 60 dB. Simulations have shown that these suppressions can be obtained by processing in the frequency domain. Current FFTs dissipate excessive amounts of power and are therefore not applicable in relatively small (handheld) GPS receivers and satellite nodes. Our proposed effort will examine performance/power trades, apply an innovative extremely low power option, and develop a product specification. |
| SICOM, INC.
7585 E. Redfield Road, Suite 2 Scottsdale, AZ 85260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 607-4829
Rod Lee AF 00-047 |
| Title: | Low Power Interference and Jamming Filter for GPS Receivers |
| Abstract: | SiCOM proposes to develop a small, low-power, and low-cost device to enable operation of GPS receivers in strong interference and jamming environments. The device will enable GPS receivers, including upgrades to the Military Airborne GPS Receiver (MAGR), and the Army's family of handheld GPS receivers, to operate with partial-band jamming signals 1000 times stronger than otherwise possible with existing military GPS radios. SiCOM proposes to produce the device as a single integrated circuit chip less than 0.3 inch on a side, consuming less than 0.2 watt. The device will perform spectral excision of offending signals using an innovative fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm that enables excision without distorting the satellite signals. SiCOM calls this processing "AJAX" (Anti-Jam Adaptive eXcision). Phase I of the proposed project will: 1) determine the feasibility of integrating AJAX processing and an analog-to-digital converter in a single small-size, low-power application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), 2) determine the feasibility of integrating other GPS processing functions, such as de-spreading of GPS signals in the same ASIC, thereby saving additional size, power, and cost of GPS receivers, 3) optimize design features such as word length and automatic gain control, and 4) demonstrate AJAX performance using a modified military GPS receiver. |
| JAYCOR, INC.
9775 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 837-9100
T.G. Bo Henderson AF 00-048 |
| Title: | Robust Microtip Emitter Arrays for Microelectronics |
| Abstract: | The technology to fabricate wide band semiconductor microtips and vacuum field effect transistors will be developed. More specifically, micro-vacuum-tube electronics utilizing CVD diamond microtip emitters (patent pending) as the cold cathode, a CVD diamond micro-patterned grid or self aligned gate, and a CVD diamond anode will be developed. Each device will be 3 microns square and will be fabricated in an array having 10 million devices in 1 cm^2. The very small vacuum tubes will have plate currents of 100 micro-amps at grid voltages of a few volts. Individual microtriodes could be connected together using modern semiconductor metalization methods to form extremely radiation tolerant high temperature processors. Or the microtriode array can be ganged together to form an extremely high power RF amplifier which has plate current of 1,000 amps/cm^2 and plate voltages in the kilovolt range. Grid voltages on the order of tens of volts will control the current emission and potentially produce megawatts of power from a 1 cm^2 device. During Phase I, CVD diamond microtip emitter arrays will be fabricated and tested in the laboratory in a diode configuration. The Phase II program will design, fabricate, test, and deliver CVD diamond microtriodes. |
| NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP.
2620 Trade Center Avenue Longmont, CO 80503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 702-1672
Dmitri Routkevitch AF 00-048 |
| Title: | Arrays of Aligned WBGS Nanotips for Rugged Field Emission Sources |
| Abstract: | Affordable and reliable technology is needed for fabrication of micro- and nanotip field emitters from wide band gap semiconductors (WBGS), which could enable new high current electron sources for severe operating conditions, such as high temperature and harsh electromagnetic radiation. Although several approaches for making field emitter arrays were demonstrated up to date, their emission threshold, sustainable current density, and survivability are not sufficient for many military and commercial applications. The proposed effort seeks to develop novel arrays of aligned WBGS nanoemitters, prepared in self-organized nanoporous ceramic substrate. The arrays will be integrated into field emission cathodes for vacuum field effect transistors and other vacuum microelectronic devices, operating in harsh environments. The approach is compatible with conventional microfabrication, economical and scaleable to large areas. The Phase I will demonstrate the proof-of-concept by fabricating and evaluating a prototype of a vacuum field emission microdiode with integrated array of WBGS nanoemitters. Phase II will design, fabricate and demonstrate the operation of vacuum field effect transistors in harsh conditions, provide packaged prototypes to the Air Force and to industrial partners for evaluation, and initiate commercialization effort. |
| NITRES, INC.
5655 Lindero Canyon Road, Suite 404 Westlake Village, CA 91362 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 967-9433
Primit Parikh AF 00-049 |
| Title: | Rugged, Reliable, Rad-Hard Gallium Nitride Space Electronic Components |
| Abstract: | Widebandgap semiconductors such as GaN, SiC have a large breakdown voltage, large Joule and high thermal conductivity, are radiation tolerant and have a large on-to-off current ratio. This makes it potentially possible to fabricate rugged, reliable and radiation hard electronic components for next generation space electronics, which are also compact and cost effective. Of the widebandgap systems, Nitride based wide bandgap semiconductors are particularly suited for these applications. This is due to the combination of the wide-band gap and hetero-structure in the AlGaN/GaN system, where high voltage, high current and low on-resistance can be simultaneously achieved, resulting in high efficiency, high power density, high temperature operation. In this program, Nitres proposes to develop a single platform for realizing the components of an IC technology targeting high frequency (~ 10's of GHz), high operating temperatures (~ 500 K), high breakdown voltage (~ 100's of Volts), and radiation hard operation. Of particular importance will be realization of the above goals with compact size (small footprints), rugged and low cost operation. During phase I Nitres will design and demonstrate: a. Resistors b. Capacitors c. Diodes d. Transisdition to the above, Nitres Inc. will also demonstration preliminary integration of these components into an IC technology and focus in the phase II on full-scale development of components and IC technology for Space Electronics. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4800
Marek Turowski AF 00-050 |
| Title: | High Speed Inertial MEMS Sensors with Field Emitter Array Readout |
| Abstract: | MEMS based inertial sensors have successfully transitioned from academic laboratories to commercial markets and became a commodity product in automotive industry. It took more than a decade of R&D to large degree because of lengthy design, fabrication, testing procedures and lack of adequate design tools. CFDRC and Sarnoff Corp. propose to develop a new generation of accelerometers and gyroscopes with variable geometry field emitter (FE) device readout. Advanced modeling and design tools will be used to develop optimized design of fast, sensitive, rugged and rad-hard qualified devices which could be used for defense (missile, satellite guidance and navigation) and commercial applications. In Phase I work will concentrate on experimental characterization of existing variable FE devices with movable cathode, anode, and gate and variable geometry planar FE devices. Experimental data will be used for model validation, for development of new final design, for wide bandgap materials selection, and for the noise control. Selected designs of linear and angular accelerometers will be finalized as complete fabrication specs (masks, fabrication process steps,..) and will be fabricated in Phase II. CFDRC will also deliver integrated CAD tools for multidisciplinary design of inertial sensors with FE devices. In Phase II and III, CFDRC and Sarnoff will share the technology with US defense industry and will commercialize the technology to OEM commercial vendors for automotive, consumer, microelectronic products. |
| INTEGRATED MAGNETOELECTRONICS
1214 Oxford St. Berkeley, CA 94709 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 841-3585
Richard Spitzer AF 00-051 |
| Title: | Stacked Non-Volatile Magnetic Memory Element |
| Abstract: | Stacking of non-volatile magnetic memory elements to increase data storage capacity by a factor of eight is proposed by IME Corporation in response to DoD SBIR program solicitation 001 Topic AF00-051 "Stacking of Magnetic Memory Chips". The proposed project, entitled "Stacked Non-Volatile Magnetic Memory Elements"' will develop stacking methods whereby up to an eight fold increase in capacity will be acheived with three-dimensional bit stacking of GMR (Giant MagnetoResistive) memory elements. Stacked multiple bits, one on top of another, save significant space and weight by sharing the same substrate and packaging. Duplication of ground planes and magnetic shielding is not required. A successful program will provide the foundation for fast, radhard, random-access, low power high density storage that is also non-volatile and robust. |
| AET, INC.
1900 S. Harbor City Blvd. Suite 115 Melbourne, FL 32901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 727-0328
Glenn T. Hess AF 00-052 |
| Title: | Novel Solution for Radiation Hardened DSP Circuits |
| Abstract: | This SBIR program will give the US Air Force the capability to have several different vendors designing and fabricating high performance DSP chips which are hardened to nuclear radiation. Few rad-hard DSP chips exist at this time and no IC vendors have the ability (or interest) to produce them. Without rad-hard DSP circuits, military satellites used for communications will be at a severe disadvantage. AET, Inc. will develop a multiple vendor rad-hard DSP capability by developing a novel system for the modeling and simulation of these complex chips. Specific attention will focus on achieving radiation hardness to total ionizing dose and single event effects on circuits that use advanced silicon-on-insulator technology. This system will aid in more accurate hardness, cost, and performance analyses and will guide the proper topograhic layout and facilitate achieving the required electrical performance AET has a strong team to develop this design system. AET's personnel have over 100 man-years of experience in radiation hardened semiconductor devices with over 20 patents, and an excellent track record at delivering unique computer models and simulators targeted towards harsh environments. This team will also include a commercial IC manufacturer, such as Intersil Corporation during the development of the system. |
| INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGIES
2345 Anvil Street St. Petersburg, FL 33710 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 347-4200
James W. Wall AF 00-052 |
| Title: | Radiation Hardened DSP |
| Abstract: | This research program is intended to demonstrate the feasibility of producing a radiation-hardened digital signal processor (DSP) chip. The approach shall be to take an existing commercial design and implement it in a radiation-hardened process with modifications to enhance its single-event effect resistance. This will be the first DSP to be produced in a fully-hardened (total ionizing dose and single event effect) form. Earlier work by insyte and Lockheed Martin produced a commercially-compatible DSP chip (an Analog Devices ADI21020) in a hardened IC process through a small study contract. By using well-understood techniques, insyte proposes to build on its earlier commercial DSP hardening work to produce a DSP hardened to natural space radiation levels.Specific goals of the work include: 0.25 micron target process, 1MRad total dose, SEU LET > 75, no SEL to LET > 120, graphics-only redesign (no logic or resimulation required.) |
| ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
12401 West 49th Avenue Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 285-5159
Thomas Stephenson AF 00-053 |
| Title: | Non-Volatile RAMs Based on Self-Contained Energy Sources |
| Abstract: | ITN Energy Systems, a producer of solid-state thin film batteries, and Space Electronics, Inc., a producer of radiation hardened space electronics propose to develop a non-volatile RAM with an integrated thin film lithium battery for space applications. The goal is to combine the latest technology hardened SRAM's (Static Random Access Memory) with an innovative approach to providing local (i.e. contained within the same package) energy storage that shall supply sufficient power to retain memory contents during periods when regular satellite power is briefly disrupted. |
| THESEUS LOGIC, INC.
Suite 100 3501 Quadrangle Blvd Orlando, FL 32817 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 541-3666
Dennis Ferguson AF 00-054 |
| Title: | Low Power NCL FPGA |
| Abstract: | It is clear that continuing to seek performance improvements using traditional design and implementation techniques will not provide the "next order of magnitude" improvement in digital logic performance. Theseus Logic is commercializing a unique technology that will facilitate low power, system level IC design. NULL Convention LogicÖ - provides a new and fundamentally more expressive "language" for the design of digital circuits and systems.At the system level, NCL provides: · its which are inherently clockless, data driven, and delay insensitive · Lower power operation, · Reduced EMI, · Guaranteed oper wide range of environmental conditions. · Plug and Play system ination. Under this SBIR, Theseus intends to analyze the fundamental cell size and routing resource issues leading to the development of an NCL FPGA. Any NCL design which is functionally correct will operate independent of variations in routing structures, environmental conditions, and process technology. This gives NCL technology unique design and performance advantages when expressed as a reconfigurable logic product. Theseus expects the Phase I effort to address fundamental tradeoffs leading to a Phase II design and fabrication effort. Theseus is already in discussion with major design tool and FPGA vendors to commercialize such a product. |
| AIREX CORP.
Route 108 Dover, NH 03820 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 742-3703
David Carroll AF 00-055 |
| Title: | Space Qualified, Low Cost Compact Disk Data Storage/Retrieval System |
| Abstract: | Recent advances in electromagnetic technology clearly lend themselves to application in space-based data storage/retrieval systems. Commercial data storage systems provide low cost, long-life operation and strong logic/control systems, but employ mechanical bearings that limit their resistance to shock and life expectancy. A similar system ruggedized for space via integrated magnetic motor/bearing technology and combined with a flexible control interface system to handle format conversions would offer dramatic improvement in on-board space systems. The vacuum and temperature extremes of space provide significant technical challenges to mechanical bearings, which are completely unable to provide any vibration isolation to sensitive read/write heads or optics. This proposal will prove that bearing functions can be coupled with motor functions in single electromagnetic devices that exhibit longer life with no maintenance at a lower cost. Additional benefits include significant improvement in disk drive system performance, lower weight and vibration isolation potential that does not exist in other technologies. Airex Corporation has, in recent SBIR efforts, demonstrated the viability of integral motor-bearing technology. Airex has also shown that integral motor-bearings point the way to highly reliable, low power, lubricant free, and long life motion platforms. Such functional sophistication can expand performance in commercial or military space-borne platforms. |
| MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP.
200 Yellow Place Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 631-3550
Dr. Robert P. Scaringe AF 00-056 |
| Title: | Demonstration of a Compact Spacecraft Cryocooler |
| Abstract: | Mainstream has developed an innovative cryocooler design that combines a multi-cascaded single-compressor vapor-compression system with a closed Brayton cycle, and an adsorption cooler to achieve low-temperature cryocooling in a compact micro-gravity configuration. In Phase I we propose to demonstrate this unique hybrid configuration. Phase I will provide experimental verification of the approach and experimentally derived "hard Numbers" to support the cooling capacity claims of this proposal. Preliminary research by Mainstream has already demonstrated a cryocooling system specific capacity of 37 watts (cooling) per cubic foot! The Phase I effort is significant, in that a field demonstration of this low temperature compact configuration will be achieved before proceeding to Phase II. Previous experiments have already demonstrated that the cascade cryocooling portion of the proposed cycle is already significantly more efficient than Stirling or Pulse Tube systems. (Mainstream's cascade cooler performance is 18-20% of Carnot whereas Stirling or Pulse Tube systems are only 5-10% of Carnot). The completion of the Phase II contract would result in the adaptation of this demonstrated cryocooler technology specifically for a DOD application. The commercialization of this cryocooler compliments our existing cryocoolers. |
| MPI SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
101 S. Lafayette #33 Starkville, MS 39759 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(662) 320-4300
Darwin Ammala AF 00-057 |
| Title: | A Portability Taxonomy and Framework for Migrating Between Embedded Processors |
| Abstract: | This Phase I Small Business Innovation Proposal Responds to Topic AF00-057, "Techniques for Assessing Approach for Migrating to Different Processors." The issue of software portability is an important and enduring challenge in DOD embedded systems. This effort involves practical research and development of modelling techniques and case-study assessments in order to deliver a "generic strategy" that can be used to train and to guide programmers who must perform portability functions for system upgrades. This effort also will deliver a framework in which to pose new software so that it can be made more suited to future portability. Interactions with reusable middleware, operating systems calls, vendor primitives, and hardware specifics are all considered in formulating the generic strategy, as are metrics that describe the source and target architectures for the port. Both sequential and parallel architectures will be covered. Nominal portability, as well as issues of real-time, space, and power constraints are to be considered.Proposer has direct, expert knowledge of programming portably between and among embedded single board computers, embedded parallel systems and clusters of workstations. Proposer has included a subcontractor from Mississippi State University with 26 years of DOD-relevant software engineering experience to complement Proposer's embedded expertise. |
| PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP.
8809 Sudley Road Suite 101 Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 368-6107
William R. Sylvester, Jr. AF 00-057 |
| Title: | Techniques for Assessing Approach for Migrating to Different Processors |
| Abstract: | The rapid rate of processor technology advancements has led to the need for astructured methodology to assess the impact of migrating from one productgeneration to the next. This proposal describes a Products Matrix and Open Standards Database that drives a Migration Cost Assessment Algorithm for such a methodology. The proposal also describes an easy-to-use, graphically orientedtoolset to aid the user in the manipulation of the data required by the proposedmethodology. |
| MICROLAB
6401 E. Hummingbird Ln. Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 483-3458
Charles B. Wheeler AF 00-058 |
| Title: | Novel Field Programmable Technology based on Latching Micro-Electromagnetic Switches |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a new field-programmable logic technology for "system-on-a-chip" applications. The new approach is based on our newly developed latching micro-electromagnetic switches (relays). These novel switches are based on preferential magnetization of permalloy cantilevers in an external magnetic field. Switching between the two stable states of is accomplished by an integrated coil underneath the cantilever. Since the switches have several advantageous properties (such as nonvolatility, low resistance, radiation hard, high temperature operation, compatible process with Si-circuits, etc.), we believe they can be further developed as switching elements in field-programmable circuits. Some particularly attractiveness for space application is its tolerance to hostile environment (radiation, and extreme temperature) and zero power consumption during quiescent states. |
| INTERFACE & CONTROL SYSTEMS, INC.
8945 Guilford Road Suite 120 Columbia, MD 21046 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 290-7600
William H. Calk, Jr. AF 00-059 |
| Title: | On-Board Intelligent Software for Spacecraft Autonomy |
| Abstract: | Distributed-satellite systems are becoming recognized as an efficient and cost-effective means for accomplishing objectives once considered out of reach for their monolithic cousins. Collaborating systems of microsatellites can be dynamically adapted for various uses including: distributed, synthetic-aperture radar; geolocation; distributed ionospheric measurement; etc. The associated reduced launch costs of these under-100kg microsatellites makes them especially attractive to cost-conscious customers. Associated with space operations, satellite command and control is costly in terms of manpower, training, and operations that run continuously throughout the lifetime of the satellite. The development of an architecture and algorithms for facilitating distributed, virtual, cluster commanding (i.e., transparently commanding the entire cluster via one satellite) and autonomous operations provides many benefits such as reducing the size of the ground crew; reducing the required bandwidth of the satellite-to-ground link; decreasing the need for scheduled or dedicated ground assets (antennas, control stations, etc.); and reducing cost. A distributed command-and-control software architecture, encompassing both nominal commanding scenarios as well as anomalous scenarios is being proposed for the AFRL as part of an SBIR effort. This architecture, whose implementation will be prototyped and whose effectiveness will be demonstrated as part of this SBIR effort, is described in this proposal. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd. Suite 350 San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 655-7242
John L. Mohammed AF 00-059 |
| Title: | Autonomous Control and Coordination of Formation-Flying Satellite Clusters |
| Abstract: | The trend towards constellations of large numbers of small satellites will quickly overwhelm current operations practices that rely on manual, fine-grained, ground-based monitoring and control. Autonomous, distributed, onboard management of spacecraft bus and payload subsystems could significantly reduce demands on ground-based resources by enabling high-level, goal-oriented control that enables the ground crew to interact with the entire constellation as a single integrated system. This is particularly useful for clusters of formation-flying spacecraft that must act in concert to achieve mission goals. We propose a distributed, agent-based architecture for increased satellite autonomy. This architecture will enable satellite clusters to respond more rapidly to problems, minimize the frequency of ground station contacts, and improve the capability for coordinated action by the satellites in the cluster. This will reduce operations costs while simultaneously improving the productivity of space-based assets. The goals of the Phase I research are to thoroughly understand the requirements for cluster monitoring and control, design an agent-based architecture for robust distributed autonomous control and prove the feasibility of the approach through the development of a prototype. Phase I research and prototype development will lay the groundwork for the Phase II implementation of the architecture and its eventual commercialization. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 768-7633
Patrick McGuirk AF 00-060 |
| Title: | Multiprocessor and ASIC Standard Interconnect for Space Systems |
| Abstract: | The development of a versatile, low pin count, and open interconnection standard is proposed which will give system designers a large advantage when implementing an interconnection technology on many applications. The end product will be a simulated RTL (Register Transfer Level) VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) module which embodies the interconnection standard. Key aspects of the standard will be demonstrated with logic designs and simulations, including sections of a general purpose, crossbar switch IC and connection control logic. The protocol will be developed with respect to the following design objectives: low pin count, flexible topology, modularity, scalability, reliability, technology independence, a complete transaction set, simplicity, low latency, and semiconductor process independence. The developed protocol will support physical connections including crossbar switching, direct connections, and direct board-to-board connections. Additionally, the design of the protocol will support memory-to-memory transfers, register access, messaging and broadcast. A final report will be prepared which includes a preliminary version of the interconnect standard, identifies key areas for future development, and the prospects for publishing a completed standard under the auspices of an appropriate standards organization. |
| INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGIES
2345 Anvil Street St. Petersburg, FL 33710 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 347-4200
Dennis R. Whittaker AF 00-061 |
| Title: | High Speed RH Level-2 Cache |
| Abstract: | Insyte proposes to do an advanced SRAM design with specific L2 cache design features. Such features include an overall architecture optimized for performance as a cache chip, full processor clock speed read/write cycle time, I/O optimized for back-side or side-by-side cache implementation, space-radiation hardening and minimum power consumption. Additional study during phase I shall explore the use of error-detection and correction (EDAC) circuitry for ultra-hard, high density memory implementation with limited performance penalties. Relevant parameter goals for the new research, analysis and design work are: Minimum transistor geometry - 0.25 micron; 1 M Rad total ionizing dose immunity; Single event latchup immunity to greater than a LET level of 120 MeV-cm2/mg; 1 Mbyte capacity; 100 MHz read/write cycle clock; 2.5V VDD; 4pF I/O load (specific to 1-to-1 processor/memory packaging_back-side packaging or equivalent); 5% VDD variation. |
| AVYD DEVICES, INC.
2925 COLLEGE AVENUE, UNIT A-1 COSTA MESA, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 751-8553
HONNAVALLI R VYDYANATH AF 00-062 |
| Title: | Development of a High Performance P on n LWIR HgCdTe Device Technology |
| Abstract: | AVYD DEVICES proposes to develop a p type doping approach at temperatures much less than 400 C and which will result in a negligible degree of heterostructure interdiffusion, near 100% acceptor activation efficiency and minimized defects in the depltion region of the devices. Phase I objective is to demonstrate high quality p type films using this approach. Phase II work aims to optimize the low temperature p type doping approach and demonstrate high performance 256x256 mosaics of LWIR HgCdTe photodiodes hybridized to Si Read Out Integration Chips. |
| EPIR, LTD.
410 North Weber Road Suite B Romeoville, IL 60446 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 235-1511
Yuanping Chen AF 00-062 |
| Title: | Effective Low-Temperature p-type Doping for HgCdTe IR Photodiodes |
| Abstract: | High-performance HgCdTe focal plane arrays (FPAs) sensing in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) region and advanced structures such as FPAs based on dual or multi-color detectors are highly desirable for various Air Force applications. Such device architecture requires not only reliable extrinsic n- and p-type doping in HgCdTe but also composition and doping profiles precisely controlled. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is recognized as the best technique to grow high performance advanced heterostructure devices based on HgCdTe. Although in MBE-HgCdTe the n-type doping with indium is well under control, the situation concerning the p-type doping with arsenic, which is the most suitable acceptor, is more complex. Arsenic molecules (As4 and As2) incorporated in HgCdTe during MBE growth predominately behave as donors. High temperature annealing of about 400 0C is necessary to activate arsenic species into acceptors. Annealing at such high temperature is very detrimental for as-grown MBE-HgCdTe heterostructures since junctions and interfaces with atomic-scale controlled profiles will interdiffuse during the annealing. Therefore, it is mandatory to achieve p-type doping with group V elements at a temperature close to MBE growth temperature. In this SBIR Phase I program, we propose a technique using planar doping with atomic arsenic source to achieve p-type doping in HgCdTe at or near MBE growth temperature i.e below 250 0C. In this approach, the arsenic atoms will be forced to react with Hg atoms during the growth in order to enhance the incorporation of arsenic atoms at non-metallic sites. The ultimate goal of this SBIR effort is to achieve p-type doping at MBE growth temperature. |
| ENGINEERING MECHANICS CORP. OF COLUMBUS
3518 Riverside Drive Suite 202 Columbus, OH 43221 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 459-3200
Yong-Yi Wang AF 00-063 |
| Title: | Low Temperature Flip Chip Bonding of Infrared Focal Plane Arrays on Readout Circuit Substrate |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of a low-temperature flip chip bonding technique for interconnects between multi-waveband detector layers of a large-format detector array and its corresponding readout array with greater than 85% fill factor. The new flip chip bonding technique allows the formation of fine pitch bumps with high aspect ratio (>1). The low temperature bonding reduces the thermal stress and strain at the interconnects thus promoting more reliable joints and minimizing any damages to the devices. The graded material makes it possible to have bumps of high aspect ratio and low thermal stresses. The bonding process creates "self-cleaning" effects on the fraying bonding surfaces, thus eliminating the need for fluxing or protective environment. The advanced analytical methods can provide optimal interconnect design with lowest possible thermal stresses. The process modeling tools developed in this proposal can be used to select processing parameters for a wide range of applications. The effective processing tool design can be achieved using the insights provided by the process modeling tools. This new bonding technique and associated design and evaluation tools should be extremely valuable to the end user of the process and the equipment manufacturers for this process |
| MICROWAVE BONDING INSTRUMENTS
2018 Crestlake Ave. South Pasadena, CA 91030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 354-0718
Nasser Budraa AF 00-063 |
| Title: | Multi-waveband Interconnect Technology |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to develop and demonstrate a novel interconnect bonding method. This method utilizes radio frequency (RF) and high frequency (HF) electromagnetic waves in single-mode cavity (SMC). This process has the capability to achieve interconnect bonding between stacked sensors, and could be customized for multi-waveband detector arrays. While this method preserves the fill factor in all detector wavebands, it also has the advantages of lower temperature processing, and reduction of the interconnect bump thickness by an order of magnitude. One ultimate goal of this process is exclude the indium bump bonding process and its associated costs. Replacing the indium metal by a higher melting temperature metal (e.g. Al) would immediately enhance the mechanical strength of the device. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Mark V. Zagarola AF 00-064 |
| Title: | A High Capacity Turboalternator for Turbo-Brayton Cryocoolers |
| Abstract: | Future DoD cryogenic cooling requirements include space missions with relatively large cooling demands. These include space-based lasers, orbiting vehicles requiring cooling of stored fuels, and space-based platforms using large arrays of infrared detectors. Loads for these applications will range from several watts to tens of watts. Temperatures of interest are between 10 K and 100 K. Current reverse turbo-Brayton cryocoolers are optimized for a limited range of loads and temperatures, significantly below those of future high-capacity requirements. In order to meet future needs for high-capacity cooling, additional research and development must be performed on the turboalternator, a key component in the system. This proposal addresses the development of a high-capacity turboalternator. During Phase I, we will establish fundamental loss characteristics for the machine through testing and analysis. In Phase II a turboalternator will be optimized for a specific DoD application. Tests will be performed in a closed-loop cryocooler to verify the models and scaling laws. |
| TTH RESEARCH, INC.
3403 Londonleaf Lane Laurel, MD 20724 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 641-2954
Triem T. Hoang AF 00-064 |
| Title: | Flexible Across-Gimbal Cryogenic Cooling Transport System |
| Abstract: | Next generation space infrared sensing instruments and spacecraft cryocooling systems will require drastic improvements in cryocooling technology in terms of performance and ease of integration. Although flexible or structural isolation joints are required in optical benches and/or kinematically mounted instruments, gimbaled cryogenic infrared payloads have additional and difficult-to-meet requirements for 2-axis motion and low torque. The ability to provide cooling for on-gimbal cryogenic optics/sensors with spacecraft-mounted coolers will result in revolutionary improvements in a number of areas. The difficulty of making a cryogenic thermal connection across any type of flexible joint, much less a gimbaled joint, cannot be overstated. Because of the cryogenic nature of the connection, thermal joint flexibility, durability, reliability, material compatibility, differential expansion/contraction, and parasitic heat loss, are all highly complex, temperature-dependent technical concerns. At present, a solution that can meet this technical need does not exist and the technology base to solve this problem is incomplete. An advanced concept of Cryogenic Loop Heat Pipe (CLHP) is proposed to transport cryogenic cooling across a gimbaled joint. The CLHP system will have low parasitics, high cooling efficiency, repeatable operation, and long-lasting flexibility is a revolutionary technical need that can enable spacebased infrared sensor missions for the Air Force. |
| ATHENA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 331-1051
Ben Motazed AF 00-065 |
| Title: | Low-Cost Miniature Flight Control System |
| Abstract: | Athena Technology, Incorporated (Athena) in teaming with Honeywell Corporation, proposes to develop an affordable and survivable flight control system (FCS), based on integrated INS/GPS technology, capable of performing guidance, navigation and control functions for small launch vehicles. The proposed approach leverages Athena's patented and flight demonstrated fault-tolerant control (FTC) capability, and Honeywell's experise in control and navigation sensor hardware development and manufacturing. The overall system will provide real-time failure detection and isolation, and achieve "On-the-Fly" reconfiguration of the flight control system even in face of failures. Athena's approach uniquely achieves this with the design of only a few control design points, valid and stable over the entire operational envelope. The elegance of this design formulation produces robust and very small footprint control algorithms, resulting in efficient software maintenance, moderate computational requirements, and overall reduction in life-cycle cost. |
| ORION DYNAMICS & CONTROL, INC.
2525 Arapahoe Ave., C-216 Boulder, CO 80302 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 579-8071
Mark R Krebs AF 00-065 |
| Title: | The Silicon Pilot - A Low Cost Rocket Controller |
| Abstract: | Orion will develop a flight control system capable of guiding a low-cost launch vehicle to orbit, leveraging on technology developed in-house for aircraft applications. This system combines guidance, navigation and control functions with strapdown inertial sensors in a single small package. Low cost and high performance is achieved by combining data from modern micro-machined inertial sensors in a Kalman filter with GPS position and velocity data. The inertial sensors will produce high-bandwidth attitude information in the short-term, while the GPS data will be used for low-bandwidth guidance. The GPS data will also be used to estimate the long-term errors in the inertial sensors. Within the scope of the Phase I SBIR program, specifications will be determined, components selected, and algorithms developed. The system will be prototyped and demonstrated in (atmospheric) flight as the major task in the Phase I program. Follow-on work will harden the components and perform system environmental qualification testing under representative vibration, thermal-vacuum and acceleration environments. |
| AEC-ABLE ENGINEERING CO., INC.
93 Castilian Dr. Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 685-2262
Dave Murphy AF 00-066 |
| Title: | Inflatable Structures for Lightweight Solar Arrays |
| Abstract: | The objective of this project is to develop and characterize several conceptual thin-film deployable solar array systems that promise state-of-the-art performance in terms of mass, stowed volume, and cost. Enabling material and component technologies will be applied based on trades as appropriate to optimize each proposed system. The most promising array systems resulting from this study will be preliminarilly designed, analyzed, and parametrically characterized. These results will be presented in a design review and summarized in a final report. Plans will be established to support continued Phase II development and validation of the most promising systems. |
| L'GARDE, INC.
15181 Woodlawn Avenue Tustin, CA 92780 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 259-0771
David Lichodziejewski AF 00-066 |
| Title: | Inflatably Deployed Conical Rigidizable Boom Development |
| Abstract: | The use of rigidizable inflatably deployed booms for deployment and support of thin film solar arrays shows great promise because of their light weight and small packaged volume. Two major issues have not been satisfactorily resolved. These are the rigidization system and deployment control. These will both be addressed during this study. The rigidization system is based on elastomeric like resins that become rigid as the temperature is reduced below its glass transition temperature (Tg). During deployment the rigidizable boom will be above its Tg and therefore flexible. Once deployed by inflation it is allowed to cool to its operating temperature which is well below the Tg. At its operating temperature the boom hardens and the boom is no longer dependent on inflation pressure for rigidiity. The deployment control results from a unique packaging concept for the conical boom. This concept was conceived by L'Garde and results in a minimum weight system. The deployment concept requires essentially zero additional mass. During the study we will demonstrate controlled deployment of the boom, we will show by analysis the concept can be scaled from very large booms to very small booms and we will show by analysis the concepts structural capability. |
| AASC
3437 South Airport Way PO Box PO Box 6189 Stockton, CA 95206 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(209) 983-3253
Rich Brand AF 00-067 |
| Title: | Integrated Payload Dispenser for Multi Micro-Satellite Missions |
| Abstract: | As the number of satellites and satellite "constellations" increases each year, the need for an economical payload dispenser system, which can accommodate multiple satellite configurations, is increasing. An approach will be studied to use generic flat composite sandwich panels to form more complex dispenser structures from standardized components. These standardized panels will be easily pre-fabricated using lightweight/low cost carbon graphite face sheets and foam core. Assembly will be accomplished with dovetail type joint, which may be reinforced with local doublers and or angle clips. A unique, post-bonded, insert system will be investigated and tested which will allow attachment of payloads anywhere within the panel and eliminate the need for local densification of the core. Proper design of the panel geometry, materials, and insert system will allow the standard panel concept to be used for multiple applications, eliminating the need to redesign for each unique payload. Analyses will be performed to verify the design of this system given anticipated future payloads, commercially available materials, load isolation systems, and on-board propulsion. |
| LEFT HAND DESIGN CORP.
7901 Oxford Road Longmont, CO 80503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 652-2786
Lawrence M. Germann AF 00-068 |
| Title: | Miniaturized Vibration Isolation System (MVIS) |
| Abstract: | The proposed technology incorporates innovations that lead to major improvements toexisting Active Isolation Systems for multiple applications. These innovations include the use of LHDC's efficient CS actuator technology, and its use in a fully non-contacting suspension for an extremely soft, very compact isolation layer between payload and base. The approach uses 6 electro-magnetic actuators and multi-disciplinary optimization. The actuator modules are located radially near the radius of gyration of the moving element to minimize excitation of structural bending modes of the payload structure. Three axial actuators provide 3-degree-of-control: azimuth, elevation, and Z. Three tangential actuators provide control of the roll, X, and Y vectors. |
| LITHIUM ENERGY ASSOC., INC.
225 Crescent Street Waltham, MA 02453 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 894-1510
Frederick Dampier AF 00-069 |
| Title: | High Power/Energy Lithium-Copper Chloride Launch Vehicle Rechargeable Battery |
| Abstract: | This project will determine whether the Li/CuCl2 inorganic electrolyte rechargeable battery can replace the 40 Ahr , 31 V AgO/Zn battery in the Delta, EELV, or Atlas launch vehicles. Calculations from extensive experimental data show that a Li/CuCl2 battery of the same size as the present AgO/Zn battery would required 9 instead of 19 cells and would deliver 101 Ahr while meeting the continuous and pulse load discharge requirements. One advantage of the Li/CuCl2 battery is that it has a self-discharge rate of only 0.8%/month compared to a much higher rate for AgO/Zn. The approach in Phase I will involve construction of Li/CuCl2 cells with first 8 cm2 and later up to 61 cm2 electrodes in hermetically welded metal cases. The cells will be discharged at continuous and pulse loads to simulate the Delta load profile. The electrode thickness and other design features will be semi-optimized. Innovative technology will be developed to improve the performance of the positive electrode. From the results 40 and 100 Ahr launch vehicle Li/CuCl2 cells in hermetic cases will be designed and the specific energy and other performance characteristics calculated. |
| AMPTEK, INC.
6 De Angelo Drive Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-2242
John McGarity AF 00-070 |
| Title: | Advanced Space Particle Detectors for Microsatellites |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a new generation of miniature electrostatic analyzers (ESA)suitable for use on microsatellites that may be fabricated by means of MEMS or electrochemistry. The resulting instrument will offer significant size, weight, and power advantages over existing technology. As part of this project we will develop new methods of building electron multipliers to comply with the size and volume requirements of the miniature ESAs. We will design and breadboard high-density electronics modules to bias, control, and process data from arrays of miniature ESAs. We will develop processing algorithms to compress and summarize array data. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Gary E. Galica AF 00-070 |
| Title: | Advanced Space Particle Detectors for Microsatellites |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes a small, innovative, lightweight, multi-configuration sensor to monitor the lower energy (0.5 to 1000 keV) charged particle environment in the magnetosphere and the solar wind. We will develop a sensor that is compatible with the weight, volume, and power requirements of nanosatellites. The PSI sensor design does not rely upon a magnetic sector to discriminate between particle types; rather it takes advantage of the cross-section characteristics of different particles and scintillator properties to discriminate. We will use thin films of metals and plastic scintillators to create particle-specific detectors. The detectors are fiber-optically coupled to a position sensitive-photomultiplier tube. The result is a tremendous savings in weight and volume. |
| APPLIED SCIENCES, INC.
141 W. Xenia Ave. PO Box 579 Cedarville, OH 45314 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 766-2020
Ronald L. Jacobsen AF 00-071 |
| Title: | Satellite Charge Suppression with Carbon Nanofibers |
| Abstract: | This project seeks to exploit the properties of carbon nanofibers to minimize both differential and absolute charging of satellites, and the dangers presented by such charging. This will be accomplished by inclusion of nanofibers into insulating materials such as kapton and teflon to allow these materials to bleed charge directly and reliably. Current forms of conductive kapton have problems with reduced mechanical properties and electrical failure at elevated temperature. The high aspect ratio of the nanofibers will overcome these difficulties, providing reliable conductivity over a wide temperature range without degradation of mechanical properties. In addition to providing conductivity, the nanofibers will reduce the threshold for electrostatic discharge (ESD) by an order of magnitude or more, decreasing the amplitude and danger presented by ESD, thereby reducing the performance requirements for filters that protect electronics from ESD transients. As an option task, materials including nanofibers intercalated with alkali metal compounds will be tested to reduce overall spacecraft charging by greatly enhancing secondary electron emission. |
| OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.
4030 Spencer St Suite 108 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 371-4445
Nahum Gat AF 00-072 |
| Title: | Optimized Target Detection using Automatic Differentiation of Modtran for Inverse Problem Solution |
| Abstract: | The proposal addresses two classes of applications. The first is improving target detection and clutter removal in remote sensing imagery by compensating for the effect of the intervening atmosphere. The second class is the retrieval of atmospheric parameters from sensor measurements. Both problems require solving the inverse problem. We introduce a novel computational paradigm in which physics based model (Modtran in this case) predictions are combined with sensor measurements to retrieve the Bayesian best estimate of the problem parameters. The technique is based on a constrained optimization of a generalized Bayesian objective function that expresses the best estimates weighted by the uncertainties in our initial guess of the parameters as well as the uncertainties in the sensor measurements. The constraint is an analytical expression comprising a first order Taylor expansion of the complete Modtran model. The Jacobian (sensitivity) matrix for the expansion is obtained from the Automatic-Differentiation augmented Modtran code. |
| SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC.
99 South Bedford Street Suite 7 Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-4770
Marsha J. Fox AF 00-072 |
| Title: | Short-wave/Infrared Imagery Fusion Using a Physics-based Model |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the enhanced utilization of space-based thermal IR imagery, a powerful remote sensing method that can operate in nighttime, fog, and haze conditions and can detect subtle thermal signatures. Currently, ambiguities in separating temperature, emissivity and atmospheric effects complicate the detection and identification of targets against cluttered backgrounds, even when one takes advantage of data collected in multiple wavelength bands. To address this problem we propose the development of a novel Short-wave/Infrared Fusion Technique (SIFT) for multispectral imagery, in which UV/visible/SWIR data (which may be from a prior collect) are used together with a radiation transport physics-based algorithm to enhance the information content of thermal IR images. This approach will produce many benefits for surface material/object characterization and detection. It will allow the retrieval of unambiguous surface temperatures with minimal contamination from emissivity clutter and will enable the retrieval of emissivity information independent of temperature. In Phase I of this program we will use simulations to demonstrate the physics-based data fusion approach. In Phase II a refined version of the working algorithm will be coded into a versatile software package for data simulation, data analysis, and sensor trade studies. |
| CHEMMOTIF, INC.
60 Thoreau Street Suite 211 Concord, MA 01742 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 376-9911
Amy E. Stevens Miller AF 00-073 |
| Title: | Luminescent Sensors for Stand-Off Detection of Hazardous Materials |
| Abstract: | In this project, ChemMotif will develop luminescent materials for the remote detection of hazardous chemicals on surfaces. These materials will be mixtures of polymers and chemicals that become luminescent upon exposure to hazardous chemicals and chemical agents. This polymer mixture will be designed to be sprayed on surfaces for later sensing by airborne or other standoff instrumentation. |
| MEDECO, INC.
89 Arundel Place Clayton, MO 63105 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(314) 727-5448
Dennis Angelisanti AF 00-074 |
| Title: | Innovative Techniques for Remote Sensing, Threat Detection and Typing |
| Abstract: | We propose to design a compact, efficient, uncooled, all reflective, no-moving parts hyperspectrometer that may be mounted on virtually any platform and which is capable of rapid, high signal-to-noise hyperspectra acquisition for the LWIR atmospheric windows where improved early target isolation and typing may be expected. We will demonstrate a breadboard in Phase I and propose for development of a prototype under Phase II. The sensor develop will parallel data processing methods developments which quickly and accurately calibrate and normalize the sensor from the data and which demonstrate rapid, efficient, high quality target detection and typing. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Engineering & Products Div. 20600 Gramercy Place, Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Tin M. Aye AF 00-076 |
| Title: | Compact HMD Optic System Based on Multiplexed Aberration Compensated Holographic Optical Elements |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop novel, compact, lightweight wide field-of-view optics for head (and helmet) mounted displays (HMDs) based on three-color multiplexed aberration-compensated holographic optical elements (Mac-HOEs). Taking advantage of the flexibility of holography, the HMD optics can be made compact using waveguide projection through the curved visor substrate, filling a wide field of view (FOV) without large, bulky optical components. This waveguide projection optics approach would be particularly suitable for applications that require see-through capability. The proposed Mac-HOE projection optics can also be implemented as on-axis low F-number wide FOV collimating optics, similar to the "pancake window", but more compact and with not less than about 90% light efficiency. Using narrowband red-green-blue Mac-HOEs can significantly reduce the chromatic and geometrical aberration introduced by conventional HOEs and refractive optics. The proposed HMD optics will be most suitable for laser scanned displays, in which elaborate optical components are otherwise required to achieve high pixel resolution with a large exit pupil diameter. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed HMD optics through computer design and analysis, and by fabricating and demonstrating a Mac-HOE component. |
| SDS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
One Crystal Park 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 100 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 282-4432
Dutch Guckenberger AF 00-076 |
| Title: | High-Resolution Visual System Development |
| Abstract: | The proliferation and effectiveness of Distributed Mission Training (DMT) training systems is dependent upon the life cycle cost / benefit ratio of such training systems. Unfortunately, long-standing problems associated with wide field-of-view visual displays for ground-based simulator-training applications--to include poor resolution, poor intensity (i.e., luminosity), and high costs_have significantly affected the fielding of DMT training capabilities to date. Display resolution problems are being addressed through current Air Force efforts to develop color imaging systems with greater than 5K x 4K, non-interlaced pixel resolutions at reasonable prices. The proposed Phase I Reconfigurable Frame Buffer Module (RFBM) efforts will focus on developing the interface module for driving such displays from PC-IG technology. Phase I will concentrate on interfacing to high resolution projectors which present out-the-window imagery in high-performance flight trainers as well as other display applications (e.g., DMT). The RFBM is designed to support the Air Force's capitalization of the rapidly developing PC-based graphics market to provide imagery for these systems. The RFBM is an innovative PC-based technology that will be capable of presenting 5K x 4K, 60 HZ, non-interlaced video. The RFBM's innovative design provides a large scalable virtual screen frame buffer that can be read and written to simultaneously by multiple parallel devices. |
| APPLIED SIGNAL & IMAGE TECHNOLOGY
303 Najoles Road, Suite 104 Millersville, MD 21108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 729-3108
Joseph C. Harsanyi AF 00-078 |
| Title: | Automated Material Classification Toolset |
| Abstract: | High speed, automated classification and identification of materials is required to support realtime multisensor simulation capabilities. Multispectral image data from both satellites and airborne systems can be used to develop the necessary classification maps to satisfy this requirement, but the timeliness and cost of current processing approaches is prohibitive. Also, it is desired that the classification accuracy be improved through the use of novel signal processing techniques. Under this Phase I effort, ASIT will concentrate on migrating innovative spectral processing technologies that rely on adaptive signal processing and fuzzy logic concepts to a prototype demonstration of an automated classification and identification system that produces reliable results in near realtime. The techniques employed will address real-world problems including: spatial and spectral mixtures with unknown background composition, and various sensor and environmental parameters. The resulting Automated Classification software will be designed to work independent of sensor type or wavelength coverage. |
| SURFACE OPTICS CORP.
11555 Rancho Bernardo Road San Diego, CA 92127 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 675-7404
Leif Hendricks AF 00-078 |
| Title: | Automated Material Classification Toolset |
| Abstract: | Surface Optics Corporation proposes a three-point approach at improving the cost, speed and accuracy of current classification methods to construct an automated means of performing multi-spectral classification of remotely sensed imagery to support sensor simulation. First, a spatial texture feature extraction technique will be employed to supplement spectral classification algorithms and improve accuracy while minimizing analyst intervention. Second, SOC proposes that through measurement of geo-specific material attributes, e.g. reflectance spectra, improvements in the accuracy of the spectral classifier will result. Third, SOC proposes a simple and pragmatic approach to improving classification processing. Embodying the algorithms used for both the spectral and spatial classification into hardware, specifically a purpose designed spectral processor constructed from, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) to greatly decrease processing times. |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park 716 N. Bethlehem Pike, Ste 300 Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 277-9333
Kelly J. Neville AF 00-079 |
| Title: | Information Warfare Training Models |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a Strategic Planners' Intelligent Reasoning Instructional Technology (SPIRIT), a technology designed to build and maintain adaptive expertise within a simulation-based team training environment. The focus of the training will be components of adaptive expertise that are important in a C4ISR distributed team environment, specifically teamwork and information management. We propose that adaptive expertise is key to attaining the situation awareness and responsiveness that would allow strategic planners to proactively manage and manipulate the information environment to the benefit of friendly forces and detriment of opponent forces. SPIRIT will feature intelligent agents that reason in real-time about the simulation environment, track performance, evaluate trainee adaptive expertise, provide feedback, and dynamically adapt training to expertise evaluations. Because time critical targets (TCTs) are particularly challenging for strategic planning teams and require high levels of adaptive expertise, they will be the Phase I focus of SPIRIT. It is anticipated that a design based on the TCT planning process will be generalizable to other aspects of strategic planning, for instance the dynamic replanning that must occur when a plan goes awry or a situation suddenly changes. |
| MICRO ANALYSIS & DESIGN, INC.
4900 Pearl East Circle Suite 201E Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(517) 347-6117
Tom Carolan AF 00-080 |
| Title: | Agent-Based Measurement System for Advanced Distributed Learning Technologies |
| Abstract: | Micro Analysis & Design, Inc. (MA&D) proposes to conduct innovative research and development aimed at demonstrating methods and tools to support advanced competency-based assessment. The proposed approach will combine automated and manual strategies for capturing performance information in order to assess individual and team warfighting competencies that are exercised using Distributed Mission Training simulation methods. The proposed assessment methodology will represent competencies in terms of network models relating Measures of Performance (MOP) over task elements and training events. The goal will be to provide a common framework linking event-based performance measurement with competency-based training events. A unique and innovative aspect of the proposed effort is to assess the feasibility of using this competency network approach to develop model-based intelligent software agents that can be used to support assessment and training activities in training simulations. During Phase I, MA&D will apply its expertise in developing and applying innovative human performance modeling approaches, and its considerable experience in improving the behavioral representation of computer generated force models in distributed simulation environments, to the design of a practical agent-based measurement approach for advanced distributed learning technologies. |
| APTIMA, INC.
600 W. Cummings Park Suite 3050 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-3966
Daniel Serfaty AF 00-081 |
| Title: | Distributed Human Performance Management with Emphasis on Team Performance |
| Abstract: | By its nature, command and control involves teams of decision makers, requiring both individual and team level interventions to improve mission effectiveness. The goal of Phase I is to develop and demonstrate a concept for a model-based tool to manage and improve team performance. The tool will suggest ways to improve performance based on a team's structure (team type) and mission (task type). It is derived from a theoretical framework that describes the relationships between team and task characteristics, team performance, and performance improvement methods. The Aptima project team plans to integrate recent developments in Team Performance Modeling, Team Training, and Organizational Design to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for a formal, unified method to manage and improve performance in high reliability teams. Our efforts will build upon existing team design methodologies and employ optimization algorithms to develop recommendations about how to improve the effectiveness of existing teams through analysis of their current performance. In Phase I we will define our theoretical framework, demonstrate the concept for the tool and develop a design architecture. In Phase II we will develop the tool and apply it to a team training design problem within real world team environments in order to validate the approach. |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park 716 N. Bethlehem Pike, Ste 300 Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 277-9333
John Deaton AF 00-082 |
| Title: | Psychological Warfare Training via Advanced Distributed Learning Technology |
| Abstract: | This effort is aimed at developing an automated, experiential training system for helping PSYOP planners become more proficient at accomplishing several of the key tasks in the PSYOP planning process. This new training system will be called PSYWARS (Psychological Warfare Assessment Rehearsal System). These tasks include identifying key vulnerability factors related to a target audience's willingness to respond to common PSOP objectives; estimating, more systematically, the relative influence of those factors on the TA's willingness to respond as desired; and identifying the impact, on TA willingness to respond, of proposed changes in the various factors or combinations of factors. PSYWARS will improve PSYOP planner expertise by building declarative knowledge and enhancing case-based reasoning through exposure to multiple scenarios and PSYOP objectives. It will additionally support the development of effective procedural and strategic knowledge through guided instruction on how to select and estimate the impact of the most effective themes/approaches to obtaining specific PSYOP objectives. Trainee feedback on performance during instruction will be provided by the development of an intelligent agent methodology. Finally, a preliminary description of an advanced distributed learning approach to incorporate the prototype software developed in Phase I will be presented. |
| CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP.
4135 Travis Country Circle Austin, TX 78735 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-2567
Charles J. Cohen AF 00-083 |
| Title: | Graphical User Interface Techniques for Assessing Autonomous Vehicle |
| Abstract: | As autonomous vehicles journey down the path of increasing competence, it is necessary for humans to be able to "look over their shoulder" to help guide and correct them. However, the further down the path UAVs travel, the more complex they become. The more complex they become, the more difficult it is to determine why they do what they do. Furthermore, more complex UAVs will be capable of following more sophisticated missions. As these mission become more sophisticated, the effects of deviations from these missions will become more difficult to resolve. Human operators will need tools to help them quickly and robustly determine why a UAV has made the decisions it has made, as well as the effects of those decisions on the UAV's mission. By applying imagination and creativity tempered with the basic principles of human-computer interaction and scientific visualization, this proposal will show that innovative graphical user interface techniques can be developed to solve these problems. These techniques then can be used to extend an existing UAV GUI and help operators come to terms with the obstacles presented by increasingly sophisticated autonomous vehicles. |
| SAPIEN SYSTEMS
2650 2nd Ave #1 San Diego, CA 92103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 379-1505
Sisinio F. Baldis AF 00-083 |
| Title: | Graphical User Interface Techniques for Assessing Autonomous Vehicle |
| Abstract: | Unmanned Air Combat Vehicles (UCAV) are autonomous aircrafts that will act on a preprogrammed mission design. The mission design and the aircraft operating system have high levels of artificial intelligence and expert systems that can make "decisions" in the event of contingencies during the actual mission. Human operators will monitor and if needed, intervene. To do this they will need to be able to get inside the "mind" of the vehicle to determine what is going on, and establish situational awareness. Sapien Systems will integrate a display panorama with a variety of technologies including: speech recognition, speech synthesis, and natural language parsing. The system will allow the operator to interact with the system in a more natural manner via natural language queries, and the system will respond graphically and verbally using a set of agents assigned to different tasks during the mission. |
| SYTRONICS, INC.
4433 Dayton-Xenia Road Building 1 Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 255-8771
Scott Grigsby AF 00-084 |
| Title: | Integrated, Hands-free Control Suites for Maintenance Wearable Computers |
| Abstract: | Sytronics and the University of Dayton Research Institute propose an innovative combination of head-tracking and speech recognition for effective and intuitive maintenance interfacing. A simple two-controller approach uses voice for test and click entry and head movement for pointing. A damped throat microphone filters noise and a simple inertial tracker provides cursor movement. The simplicity and ease of a speech-based system integrated with a proven, cost-effective pointing solution, eliminates problems with using EMG for discrete inputs and avoids known problems with eye-tracking. Our Phase I objectives are to (1) analyze applicability and user acceptance through interactions with maintenance users, (2) define how to integrate with user system across all platforms and as a retro-fit, (3) apply proven technology--a commerical speech recognizer, an inertial head tracker, and mouse emulation software--to determine the feasibility of bimodal speech recognition for noise reduction and watchword signaling for differentiating speech from extraneous inputs, (4) implement a conceptual proptotype and test feasibility aspects at AFRL/HE, and (5) assess commercialization potential through interactions with users and partners. The Phase I results will be (1) a final report documenting: requirements, technologies, feasibility, experimental results, designs for Phase II, and commercialization; and (2) concept demonstration(s). |
| 21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC.
427 South 166th Street Omaha, NE 68118 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(402) 333-2992
Richard A. Flanagan AF 00-085 |
| Title: | Agents and Avatars in the Aerospace Operations Center in Support of Combat Operations |
| Abstract: | For efficient space operations, and for effective space force enhancement to terrestrial forces, Aerospace Operations Center (AOC) personnel must be continuously aware of the status of on-orbit assets, payload coverage, reacting to system degradations and failures, and responding to intolerant environments for satellites. To complete the situational awareness picture, there is also the need to depict terrestrial threat types, locations, and envelopes, as well as blue force operational data, to optimize the synergistic effects derived from using space assets to support land, sea and air operations. We see an opportunity to use existing data streams and other available information to provide improved situation awareness to AOC personnel through the use of real-time systems using agent technology, cognition, behavior, and decision sciences. Embedded in the concept is ` train as we fight' through team training and performance measures. Software agents provide help and tutorial assistance to the operator. Other agents, called avatars, are mobile. They come from data centers and meet in a virtual operations center at the AOC to reduce the confusion from multiple sensor observations and build a fast, usable, common operating picture for all operators involved. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Harold P. Greeley AF 00-086 |
| Title: | An Adaptive Acoustic Gradiometer for Threat Detection |
| Abstract: | Creare proposes an acoustic system that systematically filters background noise from acoustic listening sensors, thereby adding richness to the data entering potential threat detection and recognition algorithms. The Creare innovation is based on Active Noise Reduction (ANR) techniques. Digital signal processing will be employed in order to detect, identify, and classify the acoustic signal of a potential threat while reducing the background noise. This approach will result in a higher signal-to-noise ratio reducing false detection events and yield a higher level of automated acoustic threat recognition than is possible with current methods. In Phase I, we will model the ANR system and analyze the system's performance in extracting recorded and modeled acoustic signals from noise backgrounds. We will also test the improvement in classification performance using a frequency content based recognition system. In Phase II, we will fully develop a prototype system based on small, low power hardware and firmware using commercial digital signal processing hardware. Sensor directionality, threat location and additional enhanced signal-to-noise ratio will be demonstrated using beamforming techniques on an array of sensors. Fusion of data from a number of sensor types will also be implemented using signals processed by the Creare noise reduction technique. |
| DIGITAL SYSTEM RESOURCES, INC.
12450 Fair Lakes Circle Suite 500 Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 279-3054
Ronald A. Borrell AF 00-086 |
| Title: | Auditory Devices for Remote Threat Detection |
| Abstract: | This SBIR is concerned with using remote sensors to enhance the performance of security forces protecting Air Force facilities. The use of remote sensing systems for area surveillance around an installation can greatly complement the performance of human sentries. Current remote systems rely primarily on video and infrared sensors. Specific weaknesses of these systems include high false alarm rates, limited detection ranges (especially for stealthy intruders), and a lack of automatic threat localization and tracking. SBIR AF00-086 addresses the introduction of acoustic sensing to these systems with the goal of having the additional sensor type improve detection performance and provide additional information that contributes to the reduction of false alarms. The thrust of this proposal is to study, evaluate, and demonstrate the performance that can be provided by using acoustic sensors as part of an area surveillance system. In particular, DSR's proposed approach offers the combination of two forms of acoustic processing. This innovation will provide significant improvement in the detection and localization of stealthy intruders, provide a dramatic reduction in the number of false contacts that need to be investigated, and provide the security command post a virtual presence in the field. |
| ADROIT SYSTEMS, INC.
209 Madison Street, Suite 200 Alexandria, VA 22314 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 910-6400
Jeff Bradford AF 00-087 |
| Title: | Sensor Fusion and Information Warfare |
| Abstract: | Sensor fusion is projected to play a critical role in the future decision-making process. As a primary component of the decision-making process it can be anticipated that it will become a high priority target for an adversary's Information Warfare (IW) operations. After all, the disruption of the decision-making process is the primary focus of most IW offensive attacks. Attacking or defending the decision-making process or automated sensor fusion systems requires considerable knowledge about how such processes are designed and developed. The primary purpose of this proposed study effort is to assess operational decision-making processes, automated sensor fusion techniques, dissonant information and IW techniques in order to provide a baseline for an advanced Phase II study and prototype sensor fusion system to be able to counter-act IW measures. |
| LSA
1215 Jefferson Davis Highway Suite 1300 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(610) 363-5808
John Lehman AF 00-088 |
| Title: | Advanced User-System Interface Technologies for Untethered Computer and Visual Display Interactions |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes an innovative solution to provide untethered mobile access to computing and visual display systems for Air Force Information Operations (IO) and Command and Control (C2) environments. LSA proposes to evaluate and develop key enabling technologies and integrate them with wearable computer technology to develop an IO and C2 environment that will facilitate and enable world-wide realtime distributed collaborative information exchange to support operational decision making. One of the key technologies we propose to develop is a multi-port Fast Ethernet wireless switch that allows untethered mobile access and provides real-time user position information. Integration of this system with wearable computer technology can provide operational personnel working in multi-user environments the ability to physically move throughout the work environment allowing true collaboration among work nodes, constant connectivity to the collective knowledge base and interaction with large screen information displays without loss of data. |
| APTIMA, INC.
600 W. Cummings Park Suite 3050 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-3966
Daniel Serfaty AF 00-089 |
| Title: | Human-Centered Technologies for Information Superiority |
| Abstract: | Technology innovations for countering the effects of information attack must be based on an understanding of how those attacks affect decision making. A key concern is the effect of information disruptions on the ability of a team to achieve and act on shared situation awareness. The Aptima team proposes to develop an in-depth understanding, based on field interviews with experts, of the different types of potential information attacks and to use that understanding to develop a conceptual model of how information attacks can disrupt the decision making process. Based on this model, we will identify ways in which decision support can make decision making more robust in the face of attack, develop prototypes for alternative decision support approaches, and demonstrate those prototypes using a testbed that can simulate the effects of information attack on information fusion and team decision making. Associated with the testbed are quantitative performance measures and innovative methods for assessing both individual and shared situation awareness. The project team combines extensive experience in command and control team decision making (Aptima, Inc.) with proven situation awareness measurement techniques already applied in the information warfare domain (SA Technologies) and previous experience interviewing both hackers and "hacker trackers" (Klein Associates). |
| MIDE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
56 Rogers Street Cambridge, MA 02142 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 252-0660
M.C. van Schoor AF 00-090 |
| Title: | Breakaway Helmet Mount for Night Vision and Targeting Displays |
| Abstract: | Current Night Vision Devices (NVD) used by Air Force pilots for night missions are designed to release with a downward force of between 10-15 Gz. This automatic release helps protect the pilots in case of a crash or ejection. The disadvantage to the current system however is the device will only breakaway if a downward force is applied. If there is a sudden sideways, or upwards force on the device, it will not breakaway creating a potentially dangerous situation for the pilot. There exists a need to develop a mount that will allow the NVD to breakaway when a sufficient force is acting on it in any direction. Midé has developed a mount specially designed for typical night vision devices used by pilots in the Air Force. |
| NTI, INC.
4130 Linden Ave., Suite 235 Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 254-3171
Samuel L. Moise AF 00-091 |
| Title: | Laser Aircrew Safety and Education Demonstrator-Flight (LASED-F) |
| Abstract: | Laser induced flashblindness is a recognized problem in both military and non-military environments. While there are active research programs on laser eye effects, and a laser hazard protocol that has been generated by the civilian and military communities, they do not go far enough, nor do they provide a vehicle for demonstrating, training and testing various laser eye protection procedures and equipment. Clearly a requirement exists for a portable, self-contained system that has an integrated visible laser unit and can be used for these purposes. This effort will identify the hardware and software to construct a low-cost, portable, self-contained unit that may be used to train pilots in the use of new technologies to reduce vision impairment effects, and perform research on performance effects of laser flashblindness and glare. Existing hardware for the delivery of laser stimuli will be used to produce a proof-of-concept system. Using this as a basis, a set of designs will be produced to meet the low-cost and portability requirements. The unit will be capable of running the F-PASS flight simulator software. This system will have scenario generation capability, run a variety of aeromodels of interest to the military, control laser exposure according to user specified parameters, and provide a variety of performance tests and measures. The system will be modular and extendable to a variety of other simulated environments (i.e. helicopters, ships, and vehicles). Commercial applications of this development extend to multiple military environments as well as to commercial aviation and perhaps other transportation industries. |
| SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING CORPORAT
101 West Sixth Street, Ste 200 Austin, TX 78701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Michael W. Mayo AF 00-091 |
| Title: | The Development of a Laser Aircrew Safety and Education Demonstrator-Flight (LASED-F) System |
| Abstract: | The proliferation of laser-based devices is a particularly severe problem for pilots, since exposure to even low levels can cause temporary visual deficits that compromise safe operation and decrease the probability of mission success. It is likely that modern pilots will encounter exposure to lasers. Therefore, if pilots could experience a safe, but debilitating, laser exposure during training, they would acquire an understanding of the problem and could develop visual and tactical countermeasures to complete their mission with degraded vision. Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC) and Drs. Peter Smith and Robert Cartledge propose to develop a Laser Aircrew Safety and Education Demonstrator-Flight (LASED-F). The proposed system will produce a one-degree scotoma for 3-5 seconds during critical flight events (e.g. take-off, landing, target acquisition) and will be easily transportable for use in a conference room environment. LASED-F will include a high-resolution flat panel display, flight simulator with joystick control, diode-pumped solid-state laser(s), optical system to deliver a random laser flash, failsafe engineering features, and metrics for objective determination of pilot performance degradations. Additionally, the system will contain a multi-media CD-ROM thoroughly explaining laser bioeffects and safety, objectives and instructions of the demonstrator, and laser eye protection (LEP). |
| REMCOM, INC.
Calder Square Box 10023 State College, PA 16805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(636) 536-1205
Christopher Penney AF 00-092 |
| Title: | Voxel-Based Body Modification Software which Preserves Internal Organs and Structures |
| Abstract: | The interaction of radio frequency electromagnetic energy with the human body is best computed with finite difference methods. For good accuracy, especially at higher frequencies, the human body must be described by many millions of individual voxels. The voxels fill the entire volume of the body and describe both the outer surface and interior organs of the body. Making one detailed voxel mesh of the human body is a significant project that may take years of effort. The result will be a voxel mesh for only one position of the body. However, different applications will require the body limbs to be repositioned. The body might be seated, keeling, standing, or holding a cellular phone. Modifying the voxel mesh of the body to the new positions while maintaining the integrity of the internal organs is a difficult task, beyond the capabilities of currently-available computer aided design software. In this effort the ability to manipulate large three-dimensional voxel-based meshes, primarily of the human body, while maintaining the fidelity of the mesh, will be developed. |
| SOLUS BIODEFENSE
700 New Hampshire Ave NW #1008 Washington, DC 20037 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 215-9373
Roger von Hanwehr AF 00-093 |
| Title: | A 'Spray-Paint Molecular Sensor Reagent Based on Optical Signaling Aptamers |
| Abstract: | SOLUS Biodefense proposes to develop an optical signaling-capable DNA aptamer biotechnology for use as a 'spray-paint' sensor in BW agent detection applications. Thetechnological design is anticipated to prove suitable for use as a molecular beacon sensor thatsignals over covert wavelength emission ranges upon target-specific binding. The approachoffers facile options for targeting a range of BW agent surface determinants -- such as smallpeptide targets on spore or bacilli cell walls, aptamer-defined binding pockets on superantigenic toxins, peptide metalloproteinases or ribosomal toxins, as well as glycolipid-moiety binding siteswithin capsid envelopes of RNA viruses. With emphasis on short-term feasibility, the proposedPhase I effort will utilize a proven and b.p. sequenced 37-mer DNA aptamer model that specifically and avidly binds a multimeric immunoglobin target. Using proprietary linkingtechnology, selected signaling-beacon constructs will be conjoined to the aptamer, most notably a two-step modification and linkage of a bioluminescent signaling moiety amenable to fluorescent-, chemoluminescent-, and EM luminescence-excited activation. Upon Phase Iidentification of optimal signaling aptamer prototype(s), a Phase II effort would center ondeveloping a broadly-scalable family of signaling aptamers directed against a range of BW targets. |
| TECHNOLOGY RESOURCE INTERNATIONAL CORP.
1525 Bluegrass Lakes Pkwy Alpharetta, GA 30004 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 751-7741
Fuhua Ling AF 00-094 |
| Title: | Vision Corrective Wraparound Spectacles for Laser Eye Protection (LEP) |
| Abstract: | Wraparound spectacles with myopia correction are a potential solution for laser eye protection. Although it is possible to grind optical corrections into large optical blanks to make wraparound spectacles, the grinding process may result in an unacceptable level of aberration and distortion and cause either damage to the reflective coating or separation of the cap and base. This proposal will demonstrate the feasibility of making the required lens without grinding, thus avoiding the problems mentioned above. That is, we will make a lens with optical corrections from monomer directly. This innovative technology consists of the following four major elements: 1. Use of the monomer developed by this company, which can be cured in one minute or less; 2. Design of special aspheric molds to increase the useable central visual field and to provide full field-of-view protection; 3. The laser eye protection will be provided by a coating, which has been put on the inner surface of the front mold and is transferred to the lens made of monomer with proper bonding properties; 4. Improve the lens casting technology, minimizing the number of molds required. |
| OPTRA, INC.
461 Boston Street Topsfield, MA 01983 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 887-6600
Julia H. Rentz AF 00-095 |
| Title: | Dual Channel Remote Infrared Thermographer |
| Abstract: | OPTRA proposes a dual channel remote thermographer comprised of two infrared interference filters with nearby spectral passbands in front of uncooled amorphous silicon microbolometer detectors. The difference signal between the two channels indicates a shift in the emitted spectrum of the target; for a quasi-blackbody, this spectral shift is proportional to temperature according to Planck's blackbody function. This system offers high resolution (0.001 C) and accuracy (0.01 C) and is insensitive to changes in emissivity of the target. Our system is designed with reflective collection optics and an extremely narrow field of view (0.06 degrees or a 10 cm spot size at a 100 m standoff), allowing a target's skin temperature to be measured in the absence of background radiation. |
| NTI, INC.
4130 Linden Ave., Suite 235 Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 254-3171
Robert O AF 00-097 |
| Title: | Human Performance Model for High G |
| Abstract: | A significant need exists to provide the warfighter community with data on the effects of high G on the pilot's ability to carry out the mission. It has been difficult to extrapolate experimental results obtained in open-loop centrifuge research to the dynamic environment of flight. This effort develops a multi-level approach to solving this problem. At the first level, two techniques for assessing the performance effects of the high G environment on skills critical to flight will be developed. These include both "synthetic" tasks, and measures "embedded" into high-fidelity, closed-loop flight simulations. Next, a model of the human operator's performance will be developed, based on an extensive survey and analysis of existing and developing models. Techniques for introducing the data from first-level experiments will be described. Data from this model will then be used in a third-level, military systems model that will convert the operator's performance into estimates of the "Operational Military Impact" (OMI) of performance changes seen under high G. The product of Phase I will be a complete description of the results of this survey and recommended model development, as well as plans for actual implementation and validation of the entire procedure against experimental data. |
| APTIMA, INC.
600 W. Cummings Park, Ste 3050 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-3966
Jean MacMillan AF 00-098 |
| Title: | Enhancing the Usability of Computer Generated Forces |
| Abstract: | Computer-generated forces (CGFs) play a key role in large-scale exercises and training in the joint synthetic battlespace. Current CGFs require extensive effort to create, use, and modify, however, and have limited capability to act effectively as team players. The Aptima/BBN team proposes to enhance the usability of CGFs by providing them with knowledge about the goals, intentions, and concerns of exercise designers and controllers, thus allowing them to act as "confederates" of the controller, making intelligent decisions about what information to provide the controller and when to ask for guidance. In Phase I, the team will demonstrate this innovative concept using the D-OMAR framework to construct a CGF agent that uses knowledge about the exercise designer/controller to act as a confederate in the Distributed Dynamic Decisionmaking (DDD) simulated battlespace environment. The final product of Phase I will be a conceptual model of the goals and concerns of the exercise designer/controller, a demonstration of how that model can enhance the usability of a CGF, and a plan for a tool set, based on D-OMAR, to facilitate the construction of such CGFs. In Phase II, we will create a prototype tool set and expand the method to additional simulation environments. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Karen A. Harper AF 00-098 |
| Title: | Graphical Agent Development Environment (GRADE) |
| Abstract: | The growing use of simulation for military training, systems analysis, acquisition, and command decision aiding has created a need to develop accurate computational models of human and organizational behavior. While the use of Human Behavior Representations (HBRs) has increased rapidly over the last decade, significantly greater acceptance within the user community would occur if better user-oriented tools existed to support the complex process of development, validation and analysis of these models. We therefore propose to develop a Graphical Agent Development Environment (GRADE) toolkit to enhance the usability of intelligent agent HBR models. Our approach will directly support three development tasks: 1) agent construction will be supported by a graphical user interface allowing a user to fully specify cognitive functionality; 2) model validation will be supported by providing the user a capability for generating static system states and examining the resultant behavior; and 3) agent visualization and traceability will be provided through a graphical link to agents integrated within real-time simulated environments. We propose to focus our initial development on our existing SAMPLE agent, and then investigate the potential for applying the proposed GRADE toolkit components across a variety of other HBR models including Soar, OMAR and COGNET. |
| GNOSYS, INC.
92 Poplar Street Watertown,, MA 02472 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 924-8342
James Panagos AF 00-098 |
| Title: | Enhancing the Usability of Computer Generated Forces |
| Abstract: | Gnosys proposes to construct a suite of add-on tools for CGF architectures, with minimal risk, that have hierarchically scalable behaviors, have behaviors that can be authored rapidly by state of the art graphical user interfaces, require minimal training to employ, modify and maintain behaviors, support distributed mission training, and support rapid generation of behaviors. |
| MAK TECHNOLOGIES
185 Alewife Brook Parkway Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 876-8085
Rukmini Vijaykumar AF 00-098 |
| Title: | Enhancing the Usability of Computer Generated Forces |
| Abstract: | While there has been theoretical research on how to accurately model complex human behavior, there has been little progress on the implementation of realistic, complex, behaviors within a Computer Generated Forces (CGF). Because of this complexity, CGFs are difficult to use and require a lot of time to develop, modify, and maintain the models and CGF applications. MÄK Technologies will leverage its CGF toolkit, VR-Forces, to create a robust, flexible, easy-to-use CGF environment. The key to MÄK's approach is the use of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) AI Laboratory, called the Subsumption Architecture. The Subsumption Architecture will be used to control objects within the VR-Forces environment, providing a realistic, efficient representation of complex behaviors. Non-programmers will be able to develop these behaviors through an easy-to-use GUI-driven Behavior Builder. During execution, users will gain insight into the simulation through an Object Behavior Manager. The resulting easy-to-use system reduces time, manpower, and errors associated with the development, modification, and maintenance of a CGF. During Phase I, MÄK will incorporate a Subsumption Architecture-based controller into VR-Forces, develop an initial design of the Behavior Builder, and demonstrate the modified system, illustrating increased robustness, efficiency, and ease-of-use. |
| IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
125 Tech Park Drive Rochester, NY 14623 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 424-1990
Micheal J. Roemer AF 00-099 |
| Title: | Aircraft Prognostics: Identifying Imminent Failures in Aircraft and System Components |
| Abstract: | Impact Technologies in cooperation with The Boeing Company propose to develop the strategy and architecture for an aircraft prognostics system capable of predicting the failure of critical aircraft components early enough for maintenance personnel to proactively schedule repairs. The prognostic system will be designed to address critical component failures across aircraft systems, including electrical, mechanical, propulsion, and avionics. Prognostic results will be displayed in an information-rich format of optimum utility to maintenance personnel. By providing advance warning of impending failures, the prognostic system will facilitate the more efficient management of maintenance resources in terms of optimizing service intervals, reducing the deployment footprint, and ensuring that spare parts are available when needed. Additional benefits of the proposed system include increased mission readiness, improved safety, and lower life-cycle cost associated with the operation of the aircraft. The prognostic modeling strategy will be implemented within a probabilistic framework to directly identify confidence bounds associated with specific component time-to-failure predictions. The approach integrates state-of-the-art analytical and stochastic models with component reliability and inspection results and uses real-time updating to accommodate modeling, operational and physical uncertainties known to exist. The failure prognostic modules will be calibrated and verified using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis provided by Boeing on the F-15, F-22, with a focus on the P&W F-100 engine. Finally, the prognostic results will be analyzed by a risk-based economic analysis to optimize the time to perform maintenance based on the consequences of either performing or delaying a maintenance action. |
| ITCN, INC.
8571 Gander Creek Dr. Miamisburg, OH 45342 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 439-9223
Roy B. Penwell AF 00-099 |
| Title: | Aircraft Prognostics: Indentifying Imminent Failures in Aircraft and System Components |
| Abstract: | The overall objective of this SBIR project is to develop technology and methods for using software execution trends and time correlated system data to provide advanced diagnostic and prognostic indications that can be integrated with current and future maintenance and sustainabilty programs in the DOD as well as commercial applications. The prognostic approach will consider the entire system when determining indications for maintenance actions. A "Systems Data List" for prognostics will be developed for the sample system. An "Instrumentation Approach" for acquiring the "System Data List" will be developed. An "Interface" to the maintenance and logistics elements will be defined. Finally, a "Communication Media" must be established for information transfer. |
| PRESCHUTTI & ASSOC., INC.
204 East Calder Way, Suite 401 State College, PA 16801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 234-6223
David Chelidze AF 00-099 |
| Title: | Aircraft Prognostics: Indentifying Imminent Failures in Aircraft and System Components |
| Abstract: | This proposal is aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of a method for on-line, real time monitoring of machinery health and failure prediction. The method to be applied is a new, general, state-space based approach for tracking parameters in a dynamical system that are drifting due to some hidden rate law, such as those that are typical in many dynamical systems with evolving damage. We will apply our method to the problem of gray-scale health monitoring and imminent failure prediction in aircraft subsystems. In particular, the initial focus of this work will be on aircraft hydraulic systems, which have been identified as critical subsystems both by the DOD and the aerospace industry. The main objective of this proposal is to develop enabling software technologies what can be used with standard sensors and data acquisition hardware to monitor systems in real time so that incipient damage can be tracked and time to failure (remaining useful life) can be predicted, complete with error estimates. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Suite 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Raman K. Mehra/Joao B.D. AF 00-099 |
| Title: | Diagnostics and Prognostics of Aircraft Systems Using Statistical Pattern Recognition and Sensor Fusion |
| Abstract: | Scientific Systems proposes to develop a four-layer architecture forCBM/FDI for Diagnosis and Prognosis, combining Signal Processing, Statistical Feature Extraction, Probability Density Function Estimation for Classification, and FDI Fusion of Multiple Experts. If enough faulty data is available, a fault classifier will be designed. If not, a novelty detector will be designed, using only data originating from normally operating systems. The first layer will utilize model based schemes designed for particular components and faults. The second and third layer will perform automatic extraction of Condition Indices (CIs) reflecting the operation of the system with respect to a particular point-of-view. Those automatically extracted CIs will be fused in the last layer, producing an overall CI characterizing the whole system. The CIs at various levels will be presented to maintenance mechanics for evaluation. Prognostics is accomplished by constructing models corresponding to different stages of system's degradation, and verifying which of the models best matches the recorded data. Our techniques are very general, and can be applied to virtually all aircraft components, such as turbine engines, hydraulic actuators, transmission systems, etc. They rely on sensors which are already in the aircraft. Hence, the techniques can be used in legacy aircrafts, for enhancing CBM/FDI schemes already in place. The Phase I team includes Boeing Phantom Works, and the CBM Department of The Applied Research Laboratory at Penn State University, both of whom have experience and datasets for aircraft diagnosis and prognosis. |
| ONTAR CORP.
9 Village Way North Andover, MA 01845 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-9622
John Schroeder AF 00-100 |
| Title: | Force Protection Training Technology |
| Abstract: | The Air Force must have the capability to rapidly deploy airmen to any locations around the globe. Frequently these troops are assembled from units located at different bases. For example, the medical unit may come from one location, while the communications crew is from another. Not only are the units unfamiliar with each other, but they may also not have the detailed knowledge of location where they are to be deployed, as well as the specifics of the task. There is a need for training beginning at the initiation of the assignment through their arrival at the theater of operation. Recent trends favor accomplishing required training through advanced distributed learning (ADL) methods. ADL is formal, institutionally based learning activities where the instructor and student are separated from each other geographically. The primary objective of ADL is to extend the learning environment for anywhere-anytime training/learning. In the program we will implement the framework for Client/Server PSYOP training and demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. The proposed program will develop skill training procedures for force protection personnel using new and innovative solutions for on-board network based training. At the conclusion of Phase we will deliver to the USAF a Advanced Distributive Learning training system. |
| FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6785 Hollister Avenue Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 685-6672
Michael VonPlinsky AF 00-104 |
| Title: | Real Time Integrated Planner/Player (RIPP) |
| Abstract: | Joint Vision 2010 utilizes operational concepts of Dominant Maneuver, Precision Engagement, Focused Logistics and Full Dimensional Protection with Information Superiority for joint warfighting. A key challenge in this accomplishing vision is understanding how advanced sensors, combined with innovative and dynamic command and control (C2) and communications, can be exploited in a "system of systems" (SoS) context. An SoS approach is needed to fully accomplish information superiority, improve warfighter situational awareness, and improve the timeliness and effectiveness of the sensor-to-decision maker-to-shooter-to-munitions event chain. This SBIR Phase I will combine the application of innovative integrated virtual and constructive simulation technologies with distributed, HLA compliant simulation approaches to provide a variable fidelity Real Time Integrated Planner / Player (RIPP) to investigate a broad range of sensor-to-decision maker-to-shooter-to-munitions issues. Our approach to RIPP development will also provide a means to assess the affordability and military utility of alternate approaches, using Cost as an Independent Variable (CAIV) methodologies and tools to apply RIPP analysis results to form a decision space to comprehensively evaluate a wide range of concepts. |
| SDS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
One Crystal Park 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 100 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 282-4432
Dutch Guckenberger AF 00-104 |
| Title: | Real Time Integrated Planner/Player (RIPP) |
| Abstract: | AbstractArchAngel research is aimed at providing innovative visualization technologies as an "Information Portal" based upon XML and Intelligent agents to address a broad range of sensor-decision maker-shooter issues. ArchAngel's design focus is to provide relevant real-time portions of AWACS, JSTARS, Rivet-Joint and sensor data to the cockpit of the shooters including relaying of Satellite and UAV imagery. COTS tools including the advanced STOW Tools from BMH Associates coupled with SDS's Visual Tools and Simulation Products will provide a straight forward low-risk research and Testbed environment. ArchAngel prototype(s) will include in-time and coordinated sensor/decision maker/shooter information from a STOW environment center being HLA distributed to multiple manned simulators displays. The displays include threat data realistically displayed over mapped and photo-realistic 3D terrains. Damage Assessment visuals are supported with fire, smoke and even wind blown smoke. The STOW tools support flexible adaptive planning and coordination and full theater exploitation of integrated RTIC/RTOC. The most important innovation of the ArchAngel project is real-time multi-source fusion and display in the shooter cockpit, AOC, flying airborne command post, and other support facilities via the Super-MFD and SDS's Fast-Panel technology. ArchAngel "web client in the sky" concepts have many applications. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Kendra E. Moore AF 00-105 |
| Title: | Domain-Portable Shallow Ontology Builder |
| Abstract: | ALPHATECH proposes to develop SHEIK (Shallow Extraction of Information to a Knowledge base), a domain-portable, interactive knowledge extraction system that will allow intelligence analysts to transform the output of Information Extraction (IE) systems into a shallow ontology. This system builds on ALPHATECH's Interactive Knowledge Document (IKD) technology and will extend IKD to support the development of ontologies along with indexing and analysis of IE system outputs. SHEIK will offer an analyst-friendly environment for developing ontologies and organizing IE information into components of higher-level domain models. Phase I will focus on developing a knowledge representation framework, algorithms, and preliminary tools for incorporating shallow IE outputs into a knowledge base (KB). Phase II will focus on (1) automating the transfer of shallow IE outputs using machine learning techniques to learn from examples, and (2) linking the shallow KB to a deep knowledge representation. Finally, Phase III will develop a marketable system based on the enhanced IKD ontology builder that can be used by information analysts in such areas as law enforcement, the Department of Defense, medical and other research communities, and the financial world. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Nikolaos A. Denis AF 00-106 |
| Title: | Operational Level Inter-Modal Lift Planner |
| Abstract: | Missions for Special Operations Forces (SOF) are distinctive in their degree of jointness, their strict timing constraints, and their peculiar equipment requirements. Inter-modal lift planning for special operations is consequently a challenging task, and is further complicated by the unusually close connection between lift planning at the operational level and planning for the tactical mission (possibly including multiple branch plans for infiltration and exfiltration).This proposal explores the use of knowledge-based technologies from artificial intelligence to represent inter-modal lift planning problems for SOF operations. It also builds on recent innovations in the application of constraint programming methods to develop efficient algorithms for generating near-optimal solutions. Key technical challenges include the development of a rich knowledge representation framework sufficient to capture the unique aspects of the SOF inter-modal lift planning domain, characterizing SOF lift planning problems as constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), and developing novel constraint-programming algorithms to generate near-optimal solutions. Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of combining knowledge-based and constraint-programming technologies by constructing an initial software prototype. Phase II will implement tools that can be integrated with existing and emerging systems. |
| MTL SYSTEMS, INC.
3481 Dayton-Xenia Rd. Beavercreek, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 426-3111
Larry Guthrie AF 00-107 |
| Title: | Automated Multi-Level Security Digital Information Transfer Using Watermarking Technologies |
| Abstract: | MTL Systems, Inc., Dr. Jiri Fridrich, and Sterling Software propose a robust digital watermarking technique that will enable near real time automatic transfer of complex data types, such as imagery, among multi-level, secure networks. The security level is embedded in a robust invisible manner in the image multiple times rather than attached to it. This makes the embedding and extraction process independent of the image format. Both the watermark embedding and extraction are protected by a secret key. We propose to embed the security level using spread-spectrum watermarking techniques in the spatial and the transform domain. The security level can be extracted after common image processing operations. To make the extraction possible for images that underwent geometrical transformations, a synchronization pattern will be embedded in the image in addition to the watermark. Given the right secret key, the watermark can be removed, the image processed, and a new watermark can be embedded. Our Phase I Objectives are to (1) analytically and experimentally assess feasibility, (2) demonstrate a working prototype, (3) produce a preliminary design for Phase II and (4) assess commercial product potential. Meeting these objectives will ensure both a successful Phase II effort and a focused approach to commercialization. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Suite 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Raman K. Mehra/Joao B.D. AF 00-108 |
| Title: | Data Mining Technologies for Proactive Detection of Security Violations in Large Scale Information Systems |
| Abstract: | Scientific Systems proposes to investigate the use of selected Data Mining technologies for enabling proactive anomaly detection of security violations in large scale information systems. Our main research objective is to verify whether security violations leave trails in network management databases, which could be used for proactive detection. For Data Mining, the Deterministic Stochastic Realization Algorithm (DSRA) will be used to construct input-output models describing the joint time evolution of MIB variables and selected performance metrics describing security. The correlation structure between the MIB variables and the performance measures can be obtained directly from the DSRA models, providing a valuable tool for event correlation and proactive detection of security violations. The presence or absence of attacks will be reflected on variations in the parameters of these models, thus permitting proactive detection. We also plan to investigate the applicability of Pi-Sigma Artificial Neural Networks for this task. Aprisma Management Technologies(subsidiary of Cabletron and manufacturer of the SPECTRUM network management software) will provide datasets corresponding to networks under normal operation as well as under attack. Prof. Joydeep Ghosh (UTexas, Austin) will support us in the application of machine learning techniques. Aprisma will also provide technical and commercialization support during all phases of the project. |
| ORIELLE, LLC
PO Box 99081 Raleigh, NC 27624 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 877-5765
Peter H. Mills AF 00-109 |
| Title: | Synthesis of Enterprise XML-MTF Messaging Components |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a formal mapping of the United States Message Text Format (USMTF) into the Extensible Markup Language (XML) based on DTD and XML Schema definitions for a representative subset of MTF message types, and with this specification to design and prototype a suite of enterprise XML-MTF translator service components which leverage legacy MTF formatting and parsing capabilities. Based on this exploratory design we will in addition determine the feasibility of guided automated synthesis of mapping specification and translation components for MTF and other domains. The provision of enterprise MTF translator components is, we posit, vital to the effective integration of XML and web technologies into C4I systems. Our efforts seek to explore this prototypical XML migration scenario and so realize techniques and tools which maximally automate the transition to the XML framework. |
| PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP.
8809 Sudley Road Suite 101 Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 368-6107
Gary J. Sikora AF 00-109 |
| Title: | Bridging XML to Legacy Information-Exchange Standards |
| Abstract: | One of the biggest conflicts between sustainment, interoperability, and affordability within the DoD is in the use of the USMTF message exchange format. This messaging standard is considered inefficient, archaic and incompatible with COTS technologies. Originating over 30 years ago, today it remains because interoperability is critical, and the standard is too widespread for an affordable, complete replacement. USMTF is planned for the new Defense Message System that will be fully deployed by the year 2002. Progeny Systems proposes the open source strategy of Java and XML technologies to bridge legacy USMTF message exchange standards to Internet technology standards. This idea provides a migration path for the USMTF user industry to COTS technologies. New devices are built with the XML Information Exchange (XIE) technology that is configurable with adapters for USMTF and other information sources like the J-Series family of Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL). A Java implementation provides a platform-independent solution, deployable on varying equipment sizes ranging from handheld devices to workstations. An open source strategy will accelerate the maturity process through industry involvement. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Basil Krikeles AF 00-110 |
| Title: | Component-Based Data Fusion Architectures |
| Abstract: | ALPHATECH proposes to develop a software architecture and an accompanying infrastructure for supporting the development of distributed fusion systems operating within a network-centric environment. The goal of this research to develop an infrastructure for intelligent data retrieval, manipulation, and display. The resulting system, called the Java Trans-Knowledge Toolkit or jTKT, will build upon the Adaptive Sensor Fusion (ASF) architecture by incorporating Java based technologies with the goal of increasing the overall flexibility of the system. Specifically, we will integrate recent additions to the Java family of tools to support the development of a distributed repository architecture. In addition, jTKT will build upon previous work performed on the Adaptive Sensor Fusion program for supporting and maintaining flexible domain models. In this program, these domain models will be extended to permit the transport of a broader variety of Java objects and to allow the automatic generation of these models based upon XML document type declarations. The Phase I research shall develop a jTKT prototype to demonstrate proof of the architecture and will establish and compute a set of metrics for evaluating the relative efficiency of the architecture. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Eric K. Jones AF 00-111 |
| Title: | Rapid Knowledge Base Development Using Intelligent Agents |
| Abstract: | Building large knowledge bases is currently a time-consuming, labor-intensive process, during which highly trained knowledge engineers translate the knowledge of subject matter experts (SMEs) into formal knowledge representations. We propose to develop an intelligent agent that automates this knowledge engineering function. The agent will allow an SME with no special training in knowledge engineering to develop formal knowledge representations using natural language, enabling much more rapid knowledge base development.Key technical challenges include specifying the grammatical and semantic knowledge required to support knowledge entry, and developing an efficient, scalable approach to natural language interpretation. To address the first challenge, we will make our agent instructable: it will employ machine learning techniques to improve its knowledge of natural language by analyzing its interactions with an SME. To address the second challenge, natural language interpretation will be guided by knowledge entry widgets: structured templates for entering axioms in accordance with useful, recurring axiom schemas. Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of the approach by constructing a small prototype and using it to model integrated air defense systems. Phase II will expand the prototype and extend it to support all stages of knowledge base development. |
| DYNAMIC DOMAIN
326 Loma Vista St. El Segundo, CA 90245 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 448-8275
Steven Minton AF 00-111 |
| Title: | Intelligent Information Agents: Automatic Integration |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop an agent-based approach for automatically incorporating new sources of relevant information on the Web into a virtual database. The proposed technology will extend our existing agent architecture for rapidly integrating multiple databases, programs, and web sources, originally developed at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute. The key innovation of this proposal is an approach for automatically analyzing web sites to understand and identify their structure, so that wrappers for extracting information from the site can be created with much less human effort. Our ultimate goal is to make wrapper construction fully automatic |
| DYNAMICS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
21311 Hawthorne Blvd. Suite 300 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 841-0990
James Kraiman AF 00-112 |
| Title: | Multi-Sensor Fusion in C3ISR Modeling and Simulation |
| Abstract: | Dynamics Technology, Inc. will develop modeling and simulation approaches that evaluate the effects of multi-sensor fusion on both targeting and situational awareness. The techniques will translate detailed output of sensor fusion algorithms to higher-level information relevant to ISR planning and analysis. That is, they will quantify the effects of sensor fusion on targeting information throughput (quality and quantity) and C3ISR system latency. The M&S approaches will be sufficiently self-contained to allow their use in community C3ISR models. Phase I research will: (1) review current and emerging CONOPS to define the requirements for M&S of multi-sensor fusion as it relates to the C3ISR process associated with strike planning, (2) develop a multi-sensor fusion framework to support ISR planning and analysis, (3) demonstrate feasibility of the approach by embedding it in an existing C3ISR model and performing limited quantitative analysis of sensor fusion effects on C3ISR system performance, and (4) define Phase II model development and implementation requirements. |
| ORINCON CORP.
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-5530
Charlene Kowalski AF 00-113 |
| Title: | Adaptive Assessment Techniques for Coalition Interaction Policy |
| Abstract: | Current coalition campaign planning is very slow and cumbersome and lacks the agility to keep pace with the multitude of changes to policies, treaties, and agreements in multinational environments. Analysts must evaluate these changes while simultaneously coping with multiple cultures, doctrine, and security requirements. As a result, much manual labor-intensive effort is expended to gather, analyze, and interpret information. The problem is further compounded because these changes to policies cause corresponding changes to in-progress plans, which may result in unacceptable operational delays. ORINCON's technical objective is to research and show feasibility of technology for a key element of the coalition planning process - adapting to dynamic changes in policy. This capability will provide the agility needed to respond to policy changes, assess compliance with policies, and greatly speed up coalition planning and replanning, while increasing accuracy and consistency. Our key innovations are to (1) determine when policy knowledge should be adapted and (2) perform the adaptation. Our concept is an initial framework consisting of integrated components that evaluate changes and trigger adaptations. The framework utilizes software agents and plan templates and is DII COE compliant. In Phase II, we extend the concept, integrate it, and demonstrate it for coalition air campaign planning. |
| FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6785 Hollister Avenue Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 685-6672
Michael VonPlinsky AF 00-115 |
| Title: | Satellite Communications Systems Simulation |
| Abstract: | Joint Vision 2010 promotes operational concepts of Dominant Maneuver, Precision Engagement, Focused Logistics and Full Dimensional Protection with Information Superiority for joint warfighting. A key challenge in accomplishing this vision is understanding how advanced communications architectures, combined with Information Superiority, can be exploited to achieve a "system of systems" (SoS) approach. The AFRL vision is to provide "networks" of sensors, C3 (command, control, and communications) systems, and shooters to enable "Network-Centric Warfare." Satellite communication (SATCOM) is playing an increasingly important role in the military communications infrastructure which is necessary to enable Network-Centric Warfare. As SATCOM becomes a part of the integrated communications infrastructure, or global grid, it will become increasingly important to provide planners with adequate tools that can help determine the proper "mix" of satellite, wireless, and wired communication assets for meeting given requirements of an operational scenario. The Communications Architecture Synthesis Tool (CAST) that will be developed under this effort will provide a comprehensive analysis capability, leveraging and integrating community COTS and GOTS models in an HLA-compliant, web-enabled architecture. CAST will treat the overall communication system as a single entity, providing seamless integration of models and performance measures. |
| MODASCO, INC.
58 West Michigan Street 2nd Floor Orlando, FL 32806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(904) 276-8296
John Woodring AF 00-116 |
| Title: | Ace Link-An Approach to Integrating Command and Control Model Architectures. |
| Abstract: | The Modasco-S3I team proposes an innovative prototype toolset, Architecture-Combat Evaluation Link (ACE Link), that integrates two legacy Command and Control (C2) architectures: THUNDER, an element of the Air Force analytic toolkit that measures force-level operational impact and Collaborative Virtual Prototyping (CVP) tools based upon Colored Petri Nets (CPNs). The resulting synergy will allow C2 developers to design and test proposed architectures using metrics that illuminate the value of the system at the operational level of war. In Phase I, the team will design, prototype and demonstrate ACE Link as middle-ware interfacing the CPN output to the THUNDER Command and Control sub-model. This interface will rapidly adapt as the C2 sub-model and the CPN-based tools co-evolve. The design will address the required agility as an up-front consideration to keep the interface as open as possible, consistent with the Common Analytic Simulation Architecture (CASA) approach of STORM development. ACE LINK will allow multiple designers, working independently, to create robust process-models that can be tested and evaluated individually, as stand alone subsystems, or collectively, as fully-integrated systems, before physical prototyping begins. Systems designed this way will be less expensive, more reliable and simpler to upgrade and modify. |
| PTECH, INC.
160 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(800) 747-5608
Hussein Ibrahim AF 00-116 |
| Title: | Advanced C2 Process Modeling and Requirements Analysis Technology |
| Abstract: | This effort will demonstrate the ability to develop an innovative C2 investment decision support system. The objective system springs from a completely original conceptualization of the problem. It will support "product and process modeling of integrated operational and system architectures" and will produce results that can be used within the Air Force spiral development process, C2 management philosophy, and PPBS. This system will improve access to mathematically rigorous, token-based architecture by orders of magnitude. Ptech and George Mason University's System Architectures Laboratory will integrate object oriented C2 architecture modeling and a Discrete Event System model to construct a software system that can: - Synthesize Colored Petri Nets from a set of object oriented products. We will develop and employ a file-based interface between Ptech's FrameWork modeling environment and Design/CPN.- Verify the logical soundness and behaviors of architectures by executing the models and using token-based, state space and behavioral analysis techniques against an agreed set of measures. -Report results in a variety of agreed graphical and textual formats. This Phase I effort includes early proof-of-concept demonstrations to enable the Team to gain favorable position for development funding or approval for FAST TRACK funding. |
| INTELLIGENT INVESTMENTS, INC.
620 S. Elm ST P. O. Box 62 Greensboro, NC 27406 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(336) 274-3316
David G. Goldstein AF 00-117 |
| Title: | Intelligent Network Configuration Agent |
| Abstract: | The computers and communications networks of today's digital world are becoming increasingly complex: the high profitability of developing the next "standard" has led to a tremendous increase in the number of factors for purchasing, configuring and administering networks. Military networks (e.g., DII, DSN) add several levels of complexity for configuration and management. The Intelligent Network Configuration Associate will feature several important technologies in a cohesive, user-optimize interface to dramatically reduce the cost and time to specify and maintain networks. An Equipment Catalog will describe system components. A Configuration Expert System will complete design of components users specify. A Simulation Subsystem will help users review designs prior to deployment. A planning subsystem will enable designers to identify possible outcomes of configuration and management decisions. A case library will enable users to review similar problems or configurations. Innovative user interface technologies and architecture design will integrate components than can reduce operator workload dramatically. |
| SYSTEMS & SOFTWARE RELIABILITY CO
4212 Rancho Centro NW Albuquerque, NM 87120 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 890-7773
William Everett AF 00-118 |
| Title: | Operational Impact Estimation Toolkit |
| Abstract: | Our proposed work will break new ground by creating a process and toolkit, IMPACT, for operational impact assessment of software-intensive systems. Conceptually, IMPACT will provide the ability to model mission profiles in terms of system capabilities and to trace the performability of systems capabilities down to the individual software components, which implement them. An evaluator will ascertain the operational impact of software changes or weaknesses from early in the life-cycle when system requirements are being developed through later phases when the system readiness is being evaluated and tested. IMPACT will also allow different levels of usage based on budget and resources available. Initially, the focus is on meeting the needs of AFOTEC. However, we have a commercialization strategy that will extend the market beyond military applications. In phase I, we propose completing an initial review of current technologies, the potential market, and AFOTEC needs including the selection of a representative pilot application that we can use in our investigations. Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of IMPACT's concept and derive a clear direction for a production prototype in phase II. We will build on our expertise in weapons systems, systems engineering and software reliability engineering in completing phase I work. |
| ANDRO CONSULTING SERVICES
Beeches Technical Campus Bldg 2/Ste 1, Rte 26N Tur Rome, NY 13440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 334-1163
Andrew L. Drozd AF 00-119 |
| Title: | Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Sensor Integrated Display Development: ANDRO’s Integrated Target Image Expressed in a Common Operating Picture (iTimeCop) |
| Abstract: | C4I system operators contend with a wealth of data collected from a variety of on-board and off-board sensor systems that must then be efficiently processed for decision-makers. The data provided may be real-time, near-real-time, or non-real-time data. Operators from multiple disciplines (tactical C2, strategic surveillance, EW) and those interfacing with platform surveillance sensors (AWACS), or with supporting DoD acquisition centers (ESC/AW) need a common set of display formats that present such data in an easily understandable and useable form. The display formats must present an integrated picture of multiple sensor data, and be adaptable to a variety of display hardware. In response to this need, research and exploratory development of a new display capability, called iTimeCop, is proposed. The new capability will provide an integrated picture of multi-sensor and multi-disciplinary (MS/MD) data using a common display format and viable operator-machine interface concepts (including pointing devices). It will be designed to be adaptable to a variety of display hardware. The proposed capability will complement existing or evolving high-end capabilities for managing complex, detailed MS/MD data for various sensor types and other sources of intelligence information. An intuitive common display scheme is proposed to view sensor fused data or to perform scene overlay, registration, integration and target identification for selected sensor data sets while accounting for uncertainty. Targets are represented in a straightforward manner using objects with visual and implicit attributes that describe their nature (friendly, hostile), probability, and static or range Doppler characteristics. These act as logical guides to orient the operator to the scenario quickly. This approach will allow the new capability to be readily useable by a ground operator, battlespace commander, or cockpit warfighter across various computing and display platforms with little or no training. The iTimeCop concept represents a rapid decision-making aid that uses proven object registration and recognition techniques with the application of uncertainty. The proposed effort is for the concept design formulation, initial development, and proof-of-concept demonstration of the iTimeCop capability that will provide 2D, 3D, and 4D displays of pre-processed MS/MD data and multi-spectral sensor fused data sets. These will be graphically overlaid on a rendered battlespace scene such as ground terrain, air or space |
| SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CORP.
2300 Windy Ridge Parkway Suite 400 South Atlanta, GA 30339 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 989-9483
Daniel Fabrega AF 00-120 |
| Title: | Wavelet Modulation Techniques for Digital Communications |
| Abstract: | The primary goal of the work to be accomplished under this SBIR Phase I topic is the design of an efficient and reliable wireless Wavelet Modulation System (WMS). The WMS will be designed to more effectively address a variety of wireless communications challenges that cannot be met using conventional Fourier source and channel coding methods. Wireless communication channels are notorious for being noisy, time-dispersive, and mutually interfering, placing constraints on their traffic capacity. Wavelet-based source and channel coding provides far greater flexibility in adapting to these wireless channel anomalies than classical techniques. The problem of carrier/symbol synchronization is of paramount importance in a RF wireless WMS since it is essential for the system implementation. Scientific Research Corporation will design and efficient and reliable wireless WMS and validate candidate symbol synchronization techniques thorough modeling and simulation. SRC will also evaluate the overall design against channel impairments encountered in real world scenarios as well as their ease of implementation. SRC will leverage our experience with Wavelet based signal processing and state-of-the-art digital circuit implementations of RF modulation designs to achieve a realizable Wavelet based modulation system. |
| BLACK & RYAN ENGINEERING
12256 E. Mountain View Scottsdale, AZ 85259 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 451-7137
Cynthia A. Jaskie AF 00-121 |
| Title: | Voice Authenticated Wireless Communication |
| Abstract: | With the advent of satellite telephone services, it is now feasible to provide secure voice communication for government or commercial applications to any location on Earth. Black & Ryan Engineering (BRE) proposes an SBIR project to implement a Voice Authenticated Wireless Communication System (VAWCS) on an existing satellite-based voice communication platform. In Phase I, BRE will develop a computer model of the existing platform's wireless channel and add a Vocoder, Public Key Encryption, FEC Error Protection and Speaker Authentication. The Vocoder will mathematically compress the real-time speech to suit the narrowband wireless channel. The Encryption will provide secure communication of the compressed speech data while the Encryption's Digital Signature function and Speaker Authentication will jointly assure the users that they are not communicating with an impostor. FEC Error Protection will reduce the effect of noise in the wireless channel so that the other components can perform properly. This model will be exercised to characterize how channel errors reduce system performance, which will drive system modifications for better performance. Phase II will involve implementing these additional components on the existing satellite-based voice communication platform and validating performance for various geo-locations. |
| PHOTON RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
5720 Oberlin Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-9741
Scott Dixon AF 00-122 |
| Title: | Resolution Enhancement and Image Data Management |
| Abstract: | The management of multi-source image data and the extraction of information from this data are complex tasks that require a well thought out software system design to accommodate the wide variety of situations that will arise in Reconnaissance applications. The data must be organized and correlated with other information sources; registered with itself, the earth and other imagery; and processed to enhance resolution and extract latent information. Fortunately, industry has spawned a number of COTS software products that facilitate the design of an integrated system that will meet ASC/RA needs. Our approach is to use COTS Geographical Information System (GIS) and Image Processing packages to build an integrated core framework for managing and processing all forms of reconnaissance data to extract information pertinent to the warfighter. Other organizations and we have developed specialized algorithms that are candidates for inclusion in this framework. These algorithms perform functions such as geolocation, rectification, registration, fusion, enhancement, and recognition. We will use our unique expertise in image processing and fusion to evaluate and select algorithms for inclusion in the framework. We will demonstrate the framework design using imagery from key data sources such as SYERS (aircraft IR), ASARS (aircraft SAR), and IKONOS (overhead visible). |
| ORINCON HAWAII, INC.
970 North Kalaheo Avenue Suite C-215 Kailua, HI 96734 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(808) 254-1532
R. David Dikeman AF 00-123 |
| Title: | Smart Data Processing for Radar, Multispectral, & Hyperspectral Sensors |
| Abstract: | Technological advances in sensors and imaging systems for tactical applications have paradoxically created new problems in the process of solving old ones. For example, the development of high-resolution multispectral and hyperspectral sensors, capable of detecting objects at the pixel level, has simultaneously increased the sheer volume of data to be processed on each scene under consideration. Unfortunately, this data dimensionality explosion has not been matched with a proportionate increase in practically useful information for automatic target recognition tasks. This critical problem is exacerbated when surveillance, reconnaissance, or theater combat operations must fuse high-dimensional information obtained from multiple sensor system modalities in near real time. Confidence in automatic target recognition (ATR) decisions is improved by synthesizing a variety of digital image representations, each of which contains information and identification clues regarding target physics unique to a particular region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The objective is to propose image processing correlation techniques capable of multiple-sensor "smart systems" that can enhance identification and provide location coordinates for sensor-to-shooter systems. |
| SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP.
4027 Colonel Glenn Highway Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9008
Paul Rudolph AF 00-124 |
| Title: | Development Environment for Reconfigurable Computing (DERC) |
| Abstract: | Reconfigurable Computing (RC) is a technology in which the behavior of aprocessing system is changed by altering the hardware, rather than the software. RC is useful when a high degree of both performance and flexibility is needed, and especially when size, weight, or power constraints preclude use of dedicated components for separate functions. RC has tremendous potential, but has been hampered by a lack of adequate development tools. Of the few tools currently available, most suffer from architectures that are too inflexible. Systran Federal Corp., along with Wright State University and Sapphire Computers, Inc., proposes a suite of RC tools to address this need. The DERC tools will consist of five elements: 1) an FPGA-based development board, which will implement a highly flexible architecture to meet the needs of diverse applications; 2) Partitioning & Mapping software, to support efficient use of partially reconfigurable FPGAs; 3) an Application Programming Interface, which will allow easy access to the development board from a host system; 4) a Debug Utility, to assist the developer in finding and eliminating design flaws; and 5) a library of Logic Macros, which will encapsulate board-specific hardware interfaces and debug functions for use by the RC developer. |
| PREDICTION SYSTEMS, INC.
309 Morris Avenue Suite G Spring Lake, NJ 07762 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 449-6800
William C. Cave AF 00-125 |
| Title: | Airborne JTIDS Net Controller |
| Abstract: | Current JTIDS operations utilize a small portion of its theoretical capabilities. Most importantly, they do not use the full multi-net facilities that support significant densities of concurrent radio traffic in a limited spatial area while maintaining a high AJ margin. Furthermore, a substantial effort is required for mission planning to design a network, and real-time changes are limited. Establishing and maintaining an operational network requires control assets that may not be on station, so it is desired to provide an HAE UAV that supports ground control. Establishing and managing Link 16 networks can be dramatically improved by providing tools that take advantage of more recent hardware and software technologies. Specific areas addressed in this proposal include network planning tools for mission support, dynamic allocation of multiple net resources in real time, and increased throughput via optimized resource allocation. Given PSI's CAD technology, the complexity of similar problems solved by this technology, and experience with the multi-net management problem, this proposal addresses a fully automated network management system for dynamic multi-net operations. The approach is evolutionary to assure minimal disturbance of existing field operations. The design also supports a fully distributed "nodeless" approach. |
| 3DVIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
717 Mirador Rd Vestal, NY 13850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 748-8872
Peter Sulatycke AF 00-126 |
| Title: | FASTCP: A Low Latency TCP/IP Software for Accelerating Commodity LANs |
| Abstract: | With the steadily dropping costs of computing and networking hardware, local area networks (LANs) have proliferated widely. Unfortunately, the software delays of the standard TCP/IP networking protocol suite (and its associated operating system services) grossly underutilizes the full performance potential of modern networks. We propose the development of an alternative version of TCP that speeds up the performance of Ethernet based LANs by as much as 8 to 10 times while maintaining full programming compliance with standard TCP. This allows applications to run without any change, but allows network applications within the LAN to run significantly faster. The basic product can also be extended to provide similar benefits to LANs that use modern technologies such as Myrinet, Fibre Channel, Gigabit Ethernet and ATM. Such a product is obviously dual-use in nature and can significantly expand current markets and also create new markets in the cluster computing and data server arena. This product thus has the potential of enhancing the competitive advantage of the nation. |
| ARGTEC, INC.
5525 Twin Knolls Road Suite 330-B COLUMBIA, MD 21045 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 884-5882
Monndy A. ESHERA AF 00-126 |
| Title: | Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval for XML Environments |
| Abstract: | Multimedia content-based automated indexing and retrieval is one of the critical capabilities for C4I systems (e.g., DMFE, TAS, DICE and Broadsword) and major Air Force initiatives (e.g., JBI, SSW and BP). Current indexing and retrieval techniques in these systems are based on a limited set of keywords and simple lookup tables. ARGTEC is pioneering the use of a new, innovative technology for content-based indexing and retrieval in large multi-media databases. ARGTEC has been successful in applying this technology to Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS), delivering > 99% identification accuracy (i.e., < 1% Type I error) and close to zero false alarm rate.ARGTEC proposes to investigate and develop a content-based multimedia indexing and retrieval system for XML documents. We will expand our ARG technology to processing more generalized context that contains free-text and multimedia information at multiple levels of detail and resolution. We will show that our system is especially effective in handling noisy and partial information. ARGTEC has worked with several industrial partners in both defense and commercial arenas. Our commercialization strategy lies in converting our algorithm development efforts into system innovations, then teaming with system integrators to infuse these innovations into fielded, operational systems. |
| KESTREL TECHNOLOGY CORP.
3260 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 493-6871
Tom Emerson AF 00-126 |
| Title: | Innovative Information Technologies |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this project is to develop a formally specified architecture of a common scheduler product line for the Air Force Electronic Systems Command (ESC). The architecture will be based on the C2IPS system being developed by UNISYS. The architecture will serve as a formal documentation of the structure and functionality of C2IPS, and to serve as a reference for future Air Force scheduling systems. The architecture will prescribe the interfaces to components and the interconnection of components, as well as common components in future scheduling systems. This architecture opens the door to a competitive market for component developers and system constructors. By requiring that future systems adhere to the product line architecture, the Air Force will realize cost savings through reuse of common components and structure. |
| NET SQUARED, INC.
39427 Spanish Bay Place Davis, CA 95616 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(530) 758-4338
l Todd Heberlein AF 00-126 |
| Title: | TrendCenter |
| Abstract: | Net Squared, Inc. proposes to develop a national-level intrusion detection capability. TrendCenter will create a clearinghouse for tracking attack trends nation wide. Based on anonymous reporting, it differs from traditional command and control style architectures currently used within the military. This will create wider acceptance in the government, commercial, and educational organizations. TrendCenter applies data mining techniques to track trends, identify which attacks are "in the wild", and determine which anomalous events detected at individual sites are not simply anomalies but are part of a new nation-wide pattern. |
| RAM LABORATORIES, INC.
990 Highland Dr. Suite 104B Solana Beach, CA 92075 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 794-5357
Robert McGraw AF 00-126 |
| Title: | Collaborative Simulation Technology for C4ISR Systems |
| Abstract: | The current trends in the modeling and simulation community are leaning toward the development of collaborative simulation sets that can be used for multiple applications, rather than developing simulations for a single application. Such simulation sets require diverse sets of component and subcomponent models from a variety of simulation paradigms, each which may differ in timing, resolution, scope, platforms, infrastructures and languages. While several ongoing efforts, most notably HLA, resolve some of these differences in terms of platforms, timing, and languages, these existing infrastructures and frameworks do not have the capability to resolve resolution and fidelity differences. RAM Laboratories proposes to develop a middleware software generator that will utilize known mixed-resolution modeling techniques for resolving these fidelity and resolution differences. This Phase I effort will begin to address the development of this middleware generator by developing software that implements these techniques for the SPEEDES (Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete Event Simulation) simulation infrastructure. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Suite 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Raman Mehra AF 00-126 |
| Title: | Unified Technologies for Dynamic Global Awareness |
| Abstract: | Dynamic Global Awareness requires, among other things, exploitation of diversedata types (images, text, features, tracks, signals, rules, etc.) in some shared contextual format; adaptively reconfigurable information fusion capable of dealing with changing conditions; and proper management of allocatable assets such as sensors and sensor-bearing platforms. Global Awareness systems--by which we mean INTEGRATED MULTISOURCE, MULTITARGET, MULTI-EVIDENCE DATA FUSION, IDENTIFICATION, TRACKING, TARGET IDENTIFICATION, AND ASSET (i.e., SENSOR AND PLATFORM)--seem to be envisioned as patchworks of loosely integrated subsystem, each of which addresses a separate information-exploitation objective such as detection, identification, tracking, sensor management, platform management, etc.--each of which, in turn, may process only one kind of data. However, these objectives are inherently in conflict: Optimization of one subsystem is not infrequently achieved to the detriment of another. Scientific Systems Co., Inc. (SSCI) and its subcontractor Lockheed Martin Tactical Defense Systems (LMTDS) instead propose an approach based on a direct generalization of BAYES- OPTIMAL RECURSIVE NONLINEAR FILTERING AND CONTROL THEORY to the multisource multitarget realm, made possible by a new statistical theory, FINITE-SET STATISTICS (FISST). In our approach, explicit monitoring and reconfiguration are largely unnecessary because conflicting objectives are simultaneously resolved within a single, SELF-RECONFIGURING, OPTIMALLY INTEGRATED multisource, multitarget, multi-evidence Bayesian algorithm. Specific Phase I tasks are: (1) Develop theoretical basis of unified Global Awareness, (2) Study and design reduced-complexity simulations, (3) Conduct exploratory algorithmic analyses, (4) Submit Final report and Phase II recommendations. The project team includes Dr. Ronald Mahler of Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin will provide both technical and commercialization support in the application of the sensor fusion technologies to Global Awareness. |
| SIGMA SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC.
9725 Aspen Hollow Way, #210 Fairfax, VA 22032 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 582-0638
Jerzy Bala AF 00-126 |
| Title: | Cognitive Support of Imagery Exploitation Through Incorporation of Naïve Geographical Reasoning |
| Abstract: | Extraction of region of interests from imagery relies heavily on the tedious work of human analysts. They are trained individuals with an in-depth knowledge and expertise on combining various observations and clues for the purpose of spatial data collection and understanding. Their assignment of conceptual meanings to remotely sensed data is based on complex criteria that are often difficult to assess and transform into suitable representations. This is largely for due to the fact that the human spatial data interpretation tasks involve various cognitive processes that are generally difficult to define or formulate abstractly. To enhance analyst's performance or to train new analysts it would be very convenient to capture such processes in some formal representations. This proposal describes an approach that generates such representations by inferring a set of distributed graphical depictions representing naive (commonsense) geographical space knowledge. In this approach, naive geography information is acquired and represented jointly with imagery to form cognitively oriented interactive 3-D visualization and analysis space. These graphical representations are functional in the sense that analysts can interact with them in ways that are in some sense analogous to corresponding interactions with real-world entities and settings in our spatial environments. The main deliverables of this Phase I project will be initial experimental software prototype components and reports describing developed methodologies and their benefits for the Air Force imagery exploitation efforts e.g., Imagery Exploitation Support System (IESS). |
| WETSTONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
273 Ringwood Road Freeville, NY 13068 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 539-9981
Chester D. Hosmer, Jr. AF 00-126 |
| Title: | Trusted Network Timestamping for Defensive Information Warfare (TNT for DIW) |
| Abstract: | In many Defensive Information Warfare (DIW) situations, absolute and trusted time is a crucial aspect of information operations. As information becomes more time dependent, whether that need is for the coordination of information warfare systems, the protection of the national infrastructure or the integrity of e-commerce operations, the problem remains the same. A large number of diverse areas, such as automated data recording systems, computer-controlled systems, computer networks, air traffic control, radio astronomy, broadcasts, geodesy, and radio and TV networks, depend on accurate time. In addition, many applications require not only accurate time but also reliable time stamps to be used as legal evidence that digital data existed at a given time. In other words, an electronic document must be stamped by a trusted time source. Under this effort WetStone Technologies will be advancing the state-of-the-art by developing an infrastructure for third party supplied Trusted Network Time for Defensive Information Warfare Applications (TNT for DIW). We will first examine, quantify and assess the specific DIW vulnerabilities caused by the use of untrusted time. Next, we will define an architecture for a trusted-third-party source to supply secure non-repudiated time stamps that will integrate with existing and future DIW applications. |
| CYMFONY NET, INC.
5500 Main Street Suite 206 Buffalo, NY 14221 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 565-9114
Wei Li AF 00-127 |
| Title: | Intermediate-Level Event Extraction for Temporal and Spatial Analysis and Visualization |
| Abstract: | This task seeks to develop a prototype system for intermediate-level information extraction (IE) from large volumes of unformatted text. The specific goal is to develop a system for identifying significant events in raw text. Events correspond to information such as "who did what, where and when". WordNet concepts, as opposed to verbs, will be adopted to represent event actions. Time and location expressions will be normalized to enable visualization of events using geographical and absolute time coordinates. Currently, IE techniques have been limited to shallow event detection; events are keyed on specific verbs, and arguments are limited to syntactic rather than semantic entities. This task seeks to overcome such limitations by focusing on concept-based general event extraction. The approach proposed is a unique combination of two paradigms: machine-learning algorithms and hand-crafted rule-based systems. Machine-learning techniques are proposed for word sense disambiguation, i.e. mapping existing event templates to concept-based templates. Rule-based systems are necessary for tasks like time normalization. The final deliverable includes a working prototype for intermediate-level IE which showcases the event extraction system and the normalization of temporal and spatial terms. This work will have significant impact on future applications involving multilingual IE as well as sophisticated data visualization systems. |
| KLEIN ASSOC., INC.
1750 Commerce Center Blvd. Nor Fairborn, OH 45324 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 873-8166
Thomas E. Miller AF 00-128 |
| Title: | A Cognitive Approach to Developing Innovative Information Warfare Attack Assessment Tools |
| Abstract: | Network administrators are outgunned and outstaffed on the emerging, electronic battlefield. Malicious attackers have, at their fingertips, sophisticated communication networks, easy access to the latest cyber-weapons, and extreme time and patience. To adequately defend their networks against this threat, system protectors need to become more proactive in assessing attacks. Unfortunately, several factors prevent these administrators from becoming computer forensics specialists. Many support tools focus on data without determining the relative merits, uses, and meaning of the data. Other tools take the decisions out of the administrators' hands, and make complex judgments and assessments behind the scenes. We suggest a better approach. We will identify new and innovative strategies and data elements used to assess cyber-attacks in real-time and after the fact. We will focus on uncovering the critical cues and information sources used by experts in computer forensics, as well as their strategies for assessment and decision making. We will validate these new data elements and strategies (and likely discover more) by having actual skilled hackers attack an extensive wargaming network. This will serve as the framework for developing a tool that presents relevant information for making assessments in a way that truly supports effective analysis of unauthorized system use. |
| APTIMA, INC.
600 W. Cummings Park Suite 3050 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-3966
Daniel Serfaty AF 00-130 |
| Title: | Dynamic Effects Based Command and Control |
| Abstract: | A three part approach is proposed to develop and demonstrate a system for Dynamic Effects Based Command and Control that will support and enhance joint future operational capabilities. The approach uses (a) an innovative effects-based planning and execution process that integrates intelligence, planning and execution functions for dynamic planning and tailoring actions to the desired effects; (b) a Phase I proof of concept demonstration that utilizes both COTS and already developed experimental software; and (c) operational and systems architecture views of the proposed system that conform to the C4ISR Architecture Framework version 2. This conformance is essential if COTS software is to be used so that future evolution of the system will allow the use of both upgrades of current commercial packages and the incorporation of future packages that offer improved performance and functionality. The architecture and its effectiveness for providing the link between major planned actions and overall desired effects of those actions will be demonstrated through the use of an existing suite of COTS and experimental tools. The demonstration will show the functionality of the effects-based planning and execution process and will set the requirements for the COTS software that will implement the systems architecture in Phase II. |
| ISX CORP.
4353 Park Terrace Drive Westlake Village, CA 91361 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 247-7800
Gary Edwards AF 00-130 |
| Title: | Dynamic Effects Based Command and Control |
| Abstract: | The overall objective the project is to develop a complete operational concept, functional component design, and software design for the EFFECTOR Effects-Based Operations Planner and Execution Manager. The system concept is grounded in the notion of a detailed and robust representation for all elements of effects based operations planning and adaptive execution. This requires a representational design that provides a natural and flexible language, or ontology, for expressing domain concepts. Capturing key domain concepts and relationships provides the language for import / export of partial plans across external applications or external data sources. EFFECTOR will provide a suite of front-end tools capable of interacting with back-end information services to support user plan authoring, plan visualization, and plan adaptation. Our approach will be to create detailed scenario-based use cases, and to use these to generate interaction interface mock-ups to serve as foils for user validation and refinement of interface features. We will investigate the potential to apply decision support technologies in the EFFECTOR process. Candidate case-based, template-based, and constraint-based planning and scheduling techniques will be investigated and evaluated. The overall results will be a product specification, Operational validation of high value, a design tailored to technical feasibility and mock-up prototypes. |
| VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGY CORP.
5400 Shawnee Road Suite 203 Alexandria, VA 22312 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 658-7969
John Peng AF 00-131 |
| Title: | Distributed Collaborative Environment Technology |
| Abstract: | The downsizing of the Department of Defense (DoD) and shrinking military budgets have highlighted the need for DoD business process innovation, automation, and reuse. Collaboration is an increasingly effective way to automate and distribute business processes throughout an enterprise to reach higher levels of productivity. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Collaborative Enterprise Environment (CEE) provides a standard collaboration operating environment that has been effective in leveraging distributed, disparate resources and achieving collaboration among distributed participants. As the successes of the CEE are increasingly realized, the size, scope, and frequency of collaboration executions will grow, and as they do, so will the difficulty managing these complex distributed systems. With collaboration execution often times segmented geographically, the inability to visualize distributed collaborative resources, such as computers, network devices, communication connections, agents and other collaboration participants makes fault detection and correction a significant challenge. The benefits being realized through distributed collaboration and the CEE only underscore the importance of robust tools for managing and monitoring enterprise collaborations to ensure continued realization of the benefits. The Virtual Technology Corporation (VTC) Team proposes to develop a collaboration enterprise resource management and monitoring tool based on VTC's commercial hlaControlä product. |
| SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP.
4027 Colonel Glenn Highway Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9008
V. ("Nagu") Nagarajan AF 00-132 |
| Title: | Query Optimizing Reconfigurable Computing System (QORCS) |
| Abstract: | Systran Federal Corp. (SFC), the recently spun-off sister-company of Systran Corporation, which is a Products Development Company specializing in real-time networking, proposes to develop in collaboration with Profs. J. Jean and G. Dong of the Wright State University (WSU) a "Query Optimizing Reconfigurable Computing System (QORCS)" to provide acceleration of the database processing. The proposed approach is based on developing a query preprocessor, which will partition the query tree into sub-trees that can be quickly executed in a reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) card, which will also be developed. The QORCS card will be particularly attractive for databases that store large amount of text, image, voice, and video data. |
| AZ TECHNOLOGY
4901 Corporate Dr., Ste 101 Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 837-9877
Howard Dunn AF 00-139 |
| Title: | Protected Carbon-Carbon Composite Material Qualification, and Reparability Studies for Applications at 2200 - 2800 °F |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes how AZ Technology will demonstrate a low-cost, matrix inhibited carbon-carbon (C-C) composite coating system that retards composite oxidation at service temperatures between 2200-2800° F. Several different coating/C-C composite systems will be investigated including 3D material. Coatings to be tested are available from selected vendors and will have the characteristics of being easily repaired and applied in a field environment. The target application, of the 2200-2800° F system, is high temperature leading edge and engine adjacent body panels on next generation space vehicles. These include the reusable launch vehicles and hypersonic flight vehicles with emphasis on the space operations vehicle (SOV) and common aerospace vehicle (CAV) and NASA/Lockheed Martin's reusable launch vehicle (RLV). Coating and C-C candidates will be prepared and tested using suitable applications techniques and subsequently subjected to pre-screening by cyclic, low oxidation velocity, furnace heating to evaluate surface regression, mass loss, and stress crack evaluations. During Phase II a more comprehensive approach will include Arc Jet testing. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate a commercially available C-C coating system resistant to thermal induced cracking, is field reparable with long duration exposure resistance to oxidation and is based on low cost application method and materials. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
John Lennhoff AF 00-141 |
| Title: | Processing of Inflatable Parabolic Reflectors from Polymeric Thin Films |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) will utilize a novel membrane reinforcement method on this proposed Phase I SBIR effort to demonstrate the ability to eliminate shape-related optical aberrations common to polymeric inflatable parabolic reflectors. Hencky model based calculations indicate that reinforcement required to correct the reflector optics are in the 1 micron size range. Conventional reinforcement methods have been unable to provide sizes of this thickness. A new method, pioneered by PSI, will provide circumferential and radial location specific reinforcement of the membrane by generating and then bonding small diameter (100 to 3000 nm) polymeric fibers directly to the thin membrane in sequential steps. The locations of the reinforcement of the membrane before inflation will be derived from a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model of the parabolic surface based upon mechanical properties of the polymer membrane, the Henke model of inflatable membranes and optical measurements of the inflated membrane reflector. The optical measurements provide the specifics of the geometric aberrations. PSI will demonstrate the ability to accurately and inexpensively correct optical aberrations of inflatable parabolic reflectors using the newly developed method. |
| WRIGHT MATERIALS RESEARCH CO.
3591 Apple Grove Dr. Beavercreek, OH 45430 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 643-0007
Seng C. Tan AF 00-141 |
| Title: | Processing of Deployable, Metallized Parabolic Reflectors from Biphenyl Endcapped Poly(Arylene Ether) Polymers |
| Abstract: | Space mirrors with ultra-lightweight, high temperature stability, space durability, and high precision are highly desirable to improve the resolution and light-gathering ability of space structures. A number of currently used polymeric materials for space applications have shown signs of deterioration due to the space environmental effects. Fabrication cost of large components is another major issue. In this Phase I research, we propose to develop a free forming technique to process space reflectors using AFRL's biphenyl endcapped poly(arylene ether) thermoplastic polymers. This family of polymers have excellent resistant capability to atomic oxygen and ultra-violet light exposure. Thin films casted from these polymers will be metallized using a chemical route rather than by the conventional coating techniques to reduce the interfacial stresses and eliminate the interfacial bonding problems. They will then be transformed into parabolic shapes with small focal numbers. A series of microscopic analysis and thermal-mechanical testing will be performed to examine the samples fabricated. The proposed research will result in a processing technique and highly reflective thin films for space, deployable mirrors with exceptional thermal-mechanical properties, and controllable uniform thickness at affordable price. |
| STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGY, INC.
543 Keisler Drive Suite 204 Cary, NC 27511 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 816-0434
Ernian Pan AF 00-142 |
| Title: | Durability of Bonded Joints for Low Cost and LO Repair of High Performance Composite Structures |
| Abstract: | The ultimate objective of this research is to develop a design multidisciplinary software as a commercial product in predicting the durability of adhesive bonded composite structures and structural repairs. The integrated software will be based on time- and temperature-dependent fracture-mechanics, incorporated with chemical kinetics, oxidative, and hydrolytic degradation in truly predicting lives under service conditions. An essential feature of the multidisciplinary approach combines autoadaptive finite element simulation of structural and failure behavior with the identical mesh for the finite volume method in simulating deterioration of material degradation with time. Novel methodologies will be developed to trace failure initiation, failure progression, and failure modes of arbitrary 3-D structural geometry subjected to realistic service conditions. The proposed work in the Phase I consists of the development of a combined analytic and numerical approaches together with experimental validation. Analytical studies on the finite element and finite volume development in 2-D will be directed towards (a) Developing M-integral method in determining fracture parameters for failure initiation, path, and progression for linear elastic and viscoelastic materials; (b) Developing 2-D environmentally induced degradation models of adhesive and/or adherend using finite volume method; (c) Validating the material degradation models using existing experimental data. Computational studies will then demonstrate the feasibility of using autoadaptive mesh technology which has been developed by the Structures Technology Inc. for 2-D finite element and finite volume schemes in predicting failure processes and life in the double lap shear specimen. The analytical and computational development will be combined to greatly improve our ability to understand the true failure phenomena and predict lives of bonded joints for low cost and LO repair of composite structures. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4139
William E. Dorogy AF 00-143 |
| Title: | Durable, Monolayer, LO Polymeric Hardcoats for Aircraft Canopies |
| Abstract: | The survivability of military aircraft relies heavily on "Low Observable" (LO) characteristics incorporated into aircraft by the appropriate structural design/shape and selection of materials. The aircraft canopy can be a major radar return source due to the reflective nature of the variety of electronic components and metallic structure located beneath its protective cover. Coatings must be applied to canopy exterior surfaces to maintain appropriate electrical continuity with the remaining aircraft exterior surface in order to generate LO characteristics. Foster-Miller proposes to develop a durable, monolayer, LO polymeric coating which will meet/exceed USAF specifications for LO hardcoats. This coating will be composed of an inherently conducting polymer (ICP) of a suitable structure to strongly adhere to the polycarbonate or acrylic canopy, be applied as a monolayer using flowcoating or dipcoating techniques, exhibit appropriate optical properties at desired conductivity levels, be abrasion resistant, and have a use temperature of 150°C. The program involves development of a synthetic pathway to the monomer, polymerization of the monomer, coating solution formulation, solution application to polycarbonate substrates, and curing to final hardcoat form. Monomer, polymer, and coating will be fully characterized for structure and optical, electrical, mechanical, thermal and physical properties. (p00429) |
| NANOSONIC, INC.
P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-1785
Kristie Lenahan Cooper AF 00-143 |
| Title: | Self-Assembled Multifunctional Polymer-Based Low-Observable Canopy Hardcoats |
| Abstract: | This SBIR program would develop and transition to application electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) methods for the manufacturing of polymer-based, mechanically and thermally robust coatings for low-observable aircraft canopies. The simple and environmentally-friendly ESA coating process consists of the alternate adsorption of anionic and cationic molecules from water solutions to form multilayer coatings monolayer-by-monolayer. Incorporation of advanced polymer and other molecules in the monolayers, and the order of the monolayers through the coating, allows excellent control, combination and grading of multiple properties, including dielectric constant and loss tangent, thickness, optical transmissivity, scratch resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal robustness, and electric field-controlled properties. ESA films may be dipped or sprayed under ambient conditions to conformally coat surfaces of virtually any size or shape, without the need for low-pressure chamber confinement. Further, processing at ambient temperature allows the formation of coatings on polymer-based materials without the introduction of residual thermal stresses that reduce impact resistance. During Phase I, NanoSonic will work with a major aircraft system contractor to ESA coat and evaluate prototype polycarbonate and acrylic test articles. During Phase II, the ESA process would be transitioned to large-scale test articles. NanoSonic personnel are capable of performing government classified work. |
| LASSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
6059 Bristol Parkway Culver City, CA 90230 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 216-4049
Bruno Pouet AF 00-144 |
| Title: | Laser-based ultrasonic detection of defects under thermal barrier coatings |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will determine the feasibility of laser-based ultrasonic inspection for the detection of defects under porous coatings, specifically thermal barrier coatings. Laser ultrasound is a developing field and can be used for remote measurements of parts in hostile environments where traditional transducer-based ultrasound techniques cannot be used. A laser-based ultrasonic system is composed of a generation laser and a laser receiver. The generation laser is a pulsed laser. The absorption of a short laser pulse causes local heating of the sample, generating an ultrasonic stress wave. This wave is detected where it reaches the surface by a laser interferometer. One promising interferometric receiver uses two-wave mixing in a photorefractive material to coherently combine a plane-wave reference beam and a probe beam which has been distorted while interrogating the rough test surface. In this program we will investigate a number of inspection geometries for high-sensitivity detection and localization of defects cracks. We will seek to optimize the sensitivity of our laser ultrasonic technique by taking advantage of modern appropriate signal processing techniques. |
| QUEST INTEGRATED, INC.
21414 68th Avenue South Kent, WA 98032 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(253) 872-1206
Eric Seeley AF 00-144 |
| Title: | Detection of Flaws Under Thermal Barrier Coatings Repairs |
| Abstract: | QUEST Integrated, Inc., proposes the development of a Thermal Analysis Microscope (TAM) based system for the identification of flaws located under Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC). Use of this technology will enable in-situ inspection of various flaws such as cracks on the turbine blades and delamination between the TBC and the bond coating without the need to remove the existing TBC. In Phase I, we will determine the feasibility of the thermal analysis microscopy to identify flaws located under TBCs on test coupons. To verify the performance of this technology, advanced waterjets will be used to remove the existing TBC on the coupons without damaging the underlying substrate material. Once the TBC has been removed, conventional means will then be employed to identify existing flaws and these data will be compared to TAM imagery. We will also define a conceptual standalone system for demonstrating this technology with actual in-situ systems. |
| NONVOLATILE ELECTRONICS, INC.
11409 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 892-9217
Carl Smith AF 00-145 |
| Title: | NDI for Diffusion Bonded Components |
| Abstract: | It is proposed to use spin dependent tunneling (SDT)giant magnetoresistance (GMR) magnetic sensors and eddy current techniques to detect flaws in diffusion bonded components. Previous work has indicated that "zero" thickness cracks can be detected by eddy current techniques with GMR sensors. This approach has the following advantages: 1)Refinement of present sensor technology will enable the manufacture of eddy current sensors of very high sensitivity thereby decreasing the size defects that are detectable. 2)The extremely small size of SDT GMR sensors not only allows resolving smaller defects, they also can be incorporated into small multi-sensor arrays. 3)GMR based sensors have a defined sensitive axis and therefore monitor only the component of the magnetic field. Because of this characteristic, they are ideal for detection of directional properties. 4)A measure of the eddy current disturbances both along and perpendicular to the diffusion bond may provide a more sensitive estimate of joint fidelity. The objective of this phase I project is to prove the scientific feasibility of using SDT GMR eddy current sensors for the detection of flaws in diffusion bonded components. Within this project, commercial applicaitons will be assessed. |
| UES, INC.
4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 426-6900
Rabi S. Bhattacharya AF 00-146 |
| Title: | Improved Thermal Barrier Coating System Based on a Cathodically Deposited Alpha Alumina Sublayer |
| Abstract: | Improved thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems can provide significant military and commercial cost savings. Oxidation of the bondcoat is an obstacle to durability and reliability of current TBCs. UES, Inc. proposes to utilize a thin Y-doped alpha alumina sublayer on the bondcoat (as well as bare single crystal superalloy) to reduce oxidation of the metal, and thereby prolong TBC life. A filtered cathodic arc equipment will be used to deposit the alpha alumina layer (0.5 micron - 1 micron thick) on the metal, followed by deposition of the thermally insulating yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer (approximately 100 microns thick). The base superalloy will be a CMSX-4 single crystal. The bondcoat will be a platinum aluminized system. In past work, UES has already established the feasibility of depositing alpha alumina using the coating equipment. In the proposed work, UES, Inc., will evaluate the isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of the alumina-sublayer based system, and compare the data with the base Pt-Al system. The program involves teaming with Rolls Royce Allison, an engine manufacturer and end user of the technology. The other industrial partner is Howmet, a leading manufacturer of TBCs. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4112
Uday Kashalikar AF 00-147 |
| Title: | Low Cost Dual Ceramic Carbon Composites for Friction Applications |
| Abstract: | Foster-Miller and its team members will evaluate and demonstrate the potential uses of continuous fiber reinforced dual ceramic composites with a SiC/BN matrix for aircraft brake applications for current and next generation applications. Foster-Miller has demonstrated fabrication of ceramic matrix composites via the low cost and net shape preceramic polymer route. We propose using a variation of this approach to produce infiltrated carbon composites and test them under simulated service conditions. Our team includes a major ceramics producer and aerospace consortium who have identified improved and cost effective frictional materials as a key enabling technology for several current systems. The follow-on Phase II program will involve scale-up and demonstration of repeatability in properties and development of a model that correlates materials level properties to component level performance. (p00435) |
| HYPER-THERM HIGH-TEMPERATURE COMPOSITES
18411 Gothard Street Unit B Huntington Beach, CA 92648 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 375-4085
Robert J. Shinavski AF 00-147 |
| Title: | Boron Carbide Matrix Composites for Aircraft Friction Materials |
| Abstract: | Next generation aircraft braking materials need to improve the minimum dynamic friction coefficient and volumetric heat capacity as compared with state-of-the-art carbon/carbon braking materials. These improvements will allow more compact, lighter weight braking systems to be developed for future aircraft. Additionally greater wear resistance is required to reduce the life cycle costs of the brake material. Ceramic matrix composites potentially address these needs. In particular a carbon fiber reinforced boron carbide matrix is believed to possess the desirable thermal, mechanical and tribological behaviors. This Phase I program will fabricate carbon fiber reinforced boron carbide composites via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The resulting ceramic matrix composite will be evaluated as to its merits as an aircraft friction material. Testing will include an extensive battery of mechanical tests, measurement of heat capacity and thermal conductivity, and testing of sub-scale components to evaluate the friction and wear properties of the material. Additionally preliminary differential cost estimates will be made as to the cost of fabricating C/B4C friction materials as compared to carbon/carbon materials. |
| ZENTECH, INC.
8582 Katy Freeway, Suite 205 Houston, TX 77024 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(713) 984-9171
Partha Chakrabarti AF 00-148 |
| Title: | Improved Life Prediction of Turbine Engine Components |
| Abstract: | The life prediction of turbine engine components is a critical activity inthe design and maintenance of engines. The complex load conditions, high temperatures and environmental effects provide a challenge to the designer and analyst alike. Many factors exist to complicate the analytical process. A number of approaches and techniques are based on the use of linear elastic fracture mechanics with enhancements to account for some of the more demanding requirements of the analysis. A method is proposed to use finite element techniques and purpose written software to incorporate some of these complex conditions into an automated crack growth prediction tool. This requires assessment of contributing factors and a clear method for their incorporation into a software tool. The approach is based on extending existing proven finite element based software for automatic crack growth analysis of arbitrary 3D cracks. |
| BRYSTIN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC.
4266 Laura Marie Dr. Waynesville, OH 45068 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 897-0622
Jack B. Stubbs AF 00-149 |
| Title: | Durability of Turbine Engine Materials/Advanced Material Test Methods for Improved Life Prediction of Turbine Engine Components |
| Abstract: | Recent advances in digital machine control, computer processing power, and multimedia learningtechnologies have presented a significant opportunity to improve the overall sophistication and efficiency of mechanical testing operations. These testing operations produce service simulation and other types of material characterization data that is the foundation of most component life prediction methodologies. Current testing methods require the operator to have significant knowledge of both the test system itself and the theory underlying the test program in order to produce meaningful results. Although this experience and knowledge is available to laboratories in limited amounts, there is substantial need for better test control, training, and documentation systems. These systems must incorporate the best available information concerning both experimental methods and background theory so the laboratory staff can optimize their production of relevant and accurate mechanical test data. Brystin Research and Development(BRDI) and The University of Dayton Research Institute(UDRI) propose to develop a material analysis and test environment control system incorporating advanced multi-channel digital control, flexible and comprehensive test data acquisition, system documentation and comprehensive multi-media training guide to provide and a system to perform controlled complex tests with knowledge of materials and properties in addition to test protocol and customer requirements. |
| COMPUTHERM LLC
437 S. Yellowstone Dr Suite 217 Madison, WI 53719 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(608) 274-1414
Fan Zhang AF 00-149 |
| Title: | Thermodynamic Databases: Critical Tools for Developing and Processing High Performance Materials |
| Abstract: | Therm, LLC proposes to develop and experimentally validate thermodynamic databases for nickel, aluminum, and titanium based alloys. Thermodynamic databases are critically needed by the materials industry to accelerate development of new materials and processing for applications such as turbine engines. CompuTherm, LLC has a significant new capability to develop databases due to WinPhaD, software developed with USAF SBIR support. The proposed databases, integrated with our software, will be used to calculate phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties. These calculations, critical tools for selecting alloy compositions and optimizing processing conditions, will save considerable time and money during materials research and development, which for a turbine engine nickel-based superalloy can take more than ten years. The success of this computational approach depends on the availability of validated databases. Unfortunately, current databases do not meet the needs of industry due to insufficient chemical elements, improper model types, and inconsistencies. CompuTherm, LLC will demonstrate in Phase I the feasibility of quickly producing accurate thermodynamic databases by developing core databases for nickel, aluminum, and titanium based alloys. These databases, which will be extended in Phase II, will serve as roadmaps for future alloy and processing development. |
| INTERNATIONAL TITANIUM POWDER, L.L.
683 Executive Drive Willowbrook, IL 60521 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 325-9460
Richard P. Anderson AF 00-150 |
| Title: | Direct Manufacture of Titanium Alloy Powder |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes the development of a continuous process for the direct manufacture of low cost titanium alloy powders. The process will be an extension of a process, already under development by ITP, which produces pure titanium powder by reacting titanium tetrachloride vapor with a flowing liquid sodium stream. The alloys will be produced in the same equipment by replacing the titanium tetrachloride vapor with a mixture of vapors of volatile compounds of the alloy constituents. This project will concentrate on the production of Ti-Al-V alloys using a mixture of titanium chloride, aluminum chloride and vanadium chloride vapors. The alloy powder will be separated from the sodium and other reaction products, dried, packaged and sent to outside laboratories for chemical analysis, tests to measure particle size and Scanning Electron Microscope photographs to characterize the powder morphology. Metallurgical labs will test the powder behavior in powder metallurgical applications and will prepare solid tensile test specimens for the measurement of yield and ultimate strengths and elongation. |
| ESSEX INDUSTRIES, INC.
Manufacturing Division 6 Sunnen Drive St. Louis, MO 63143 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(314) 644-3000
Robert J. Geisz AF 00-151 |
| Title: | The Control Stick of the 21st Century |
| Abstract: | The main objectives of this project are to: 1.) Research, develop and implement improvements to the existing F-22 Throttle and Stick ("HOTAS") grip configurations. The current designs are extremely large and non-user friendly, such that the pilot's effectiveness may be compromised. The size, shape and configuration of these grips are improperly designed for the pilot population which may use these items in a warfighting environment. The short term objective will be to determine the true functional requirements to be placed on these grips, research alternative solutions to those components which are contributing to the grips' large sizes, and design/develop 3-dimensional models implementing the proposed component and shape improvements. We will work closely with the prime contractor, Lockheed Martin, during the design and integration phase of this project. Human factors and user evaluations will be primary factors in the design phase as well; 2.) Research and develop concept designs for future combat aircraft (i.e. JSF). The majority of this project will be spent researching the projected HOTAS functional requirements, as well as the availability of technology to satisfy those requirements. Again, we will work with the USAF and prime contractors Boeing and Lockheed Martin throughout this project, as well as key systems and component suppliers. As avionics systems continue to evolve, it is not known what results this phase of the project will yield, however this is a good opportunity to begin the development of future HOTAS grip requirements. |
| STIRLING DYNAMICS, INC.
200 West Mercer Street Suite E410 Seattle, WA 98119 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 284-6605
Adam Taylor AF 00-151 |
| Title: | The Control Stick of the 21st Century |
| Abstract: | The F-22 System Program Office (SPO) currently has a control stick that is not considered ideal for the aircraft. The current grip is too large, and does not have the necessary grip switches and functionality in an easy to use arrangement for the full percentile range of pilots. The size and complexity of the current design must be reduced to meet human factors considerations. More functionality is needed at the pilot's fingertips in order to improve the use of the grip. The switch bodies are considered too large to enable the increased functionality to be incorporated into the current unit. Also the current unit's user friendliness and other human factors leave a lot to be desired. This proposal addresses the requirement to retrofit a new active stick and grip to the F-22 and other future aircraft for the 21st century. |
| UTILITY DEVELOPMENT CORP.
112 Naylon Avenue Livingston, NJ 07039 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 994-4334
Harry S. Katz AF 00-153 |
| Title: | Improved Mold Facecoat for Titanium Investment Casting |
| Abstract: | Our main objective will be to investigate and develop an affordable, more robust, and more detectable facecoat system for the titanium investment casting industry. The improved facecoat system will not be reactive to titanium melt and will have improved capability for detection by X-ray techniques as a means for nondestructive evaluation. UDC will prove the feasibility and potential advantages of the new titanium investment casting facecoat systems that are effective and more detectable via non-destructive inspection, than current state-of-the-art facecoat systems. Cost effective materials, facecoat systems and application techniques will be identified that can decrease the chance of foreign inclusions ending up in titanium investment castings and increase the chance of detecting them if they do end up in the casting. The developed facecoat systems will be tested by the fabrication of small parts by UDC and testing by end users. At the end of Phase I, we will provide a report with results and conclusions, and a Phase II plan, schedule and cost estimate. |
| MOUND LASER & PHOTONICS CENTER
P.O. Box 223 Miamisburg, OH 45343 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 865-4481
Larry R. Dosser AF 00-154 |
| Title: | Development of an Advanced Laser-Based Processing Method for the Enhancement of Thin Film Coating Processes |
| Abstract: | The ability to produce large-scale, high-quality superconducting films is crucial for next generation space applications. Preliminary results have shown that laser-based surface modification is a promising new approach for such advancement in superconducting film processing. This project will demonstrate the feasibility of a laser-based surface modification technique to improve substrate properties for subsequent deposition of YBCO high temprature superconducting films. The effect of the surface modification will be quantified by measurement of the superconducting properties and by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The combination of surface treatment and diagnostic measruements develooped in this proposal represents an advanced adaptive processing technology to enhance TBCO film properties as well as produce the long lengths of these materials required for space-based applications. The approach taken to develop this processing tehcnology hsa been carefully crafted to readily incorporate process monitoring and control techniques thus ensuring a high quality, uniform substrae prior to YBCO deposition. The proposed process can readily be expanded to develop repari technologies that will enable large areas or long lengths of a thin film coating to be produced in a continuous process. These methods will have applicability to other types of coating processes, as well as industrial uses outside the coating area, and represent a significant opportunity for commercialization. |
| PROTEIN EXPRESS, INC.
Hoxworth Center, Third Floor 3130 Highland Ave CINCINNATI, OH 45219 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 475-6648
Michael L. Howell AF 00-154 |
| Title: | Advanced Adaptive Optical Coating Process Technologies |
| Abstract: | The development and use of scanning probe microscopes (SPM) have provided researchers with breathtaking images of materials down to atomic length scales. This proposal describes a novel approach to combining two such SPM's, an Evanescent Optical Microscope (EOM) and a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), into one sensor device. This EOM/STM would allow for the first time the simultaneous scanning of both the optical and the electrical properties of a sample (ie. at the same exact location and at the same time) with sub-micron spatial resolution. This device will be capable of providing scanned images showing the variation of surface optical properties, inter-layer and film-to-substrate coupling, the local photoluminescence and/or the surface topology of the sample. The use of such a tool in the deposition of optical coatings would enable the direct measurements of, and the subsequent control of, the optical properties of the in-situ films. Presently, the capability of producing this level of simultaneous, unified information into the detailed optical and electrical properties of films and materials does not exist. |
| EIC LABORATORIES, INC.
111 Downey Street Norwood, MA 02062 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 769-9450
Fei Wang AF 00-155 |
| Title: | Self-Assembled Guided Wave Electro-Optic Materials |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop new triblock rodcoil polymer molecules that can self-organize into relatively thick films (on the order of microns) with multiple layers, in which all the molecules in the layers have macroscopically the same orientation. The chromophore functional groups incorporated in the polymer will self-assemble into a noncentrosymmetric organization and form a supramolecular structure for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. The advantage of the proposed system is that relatively thick films can be fabricated in a simple casting process, with an intrinsic thermodynamically stable noncentrosymmetric structure in the film, without poling. An additional advantage is that a photocrosslinking reaction can be carried out to enhance the stability of the fabricated film and also facilitate fabrication of waveguides. Phase I will entail the synthesis of representative block copolymers and their structural characterization. The second order NLO properties of the new materials will be evaluated and a guided wave electro-optical device will be fabricated to demonstrate the expected material properties. Phase II will address the further development of the new material, optimization of film processing, and fabrication of guided wave electro-optic devices useful for advanced future Air Force applications. |
| LUMERA CORP.
19910 North Creek Parkway P.O. Box 3008 Bothell, WA 98011 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 616-2974
Timothy M. Londergan AF 00-155 |
| Title: | Guided Wave Electro-Optic Materials |
| Abstract: | Polymeric second-order nonlinear optical materials are being developed for commercialization in a wide variety of technologies. Included in these are next generation fiber and satellite telecommunications, optical gyroscopes, phased array radar, electromagnetic sensing, beam steering applications, back-plane interconnects and micro and millimeter wave signal generation. Lumera Corporation, in collaboration with University of Washington faculty members, Prof. Larry Dalton and Prof. Alex Jen, seeks to develop new nonlinear optical materials with an emphasis on the improving processing and materials characteristics. In particular, we will initially employ new synthetic methodology developed by Londergan and Dalton where dendritic molecules are constructed. Dendritic NLO molecules have been shown to increase the efficiency of the electric field poling, which ultimately translate into an increase in electro-optic activity. In order to achieve low VĈ (<0.5 V) electro-optic modulation, it is necessary to design and synthesize new materials which take into account the molecular shape. The design methodology employed by Lumera lends itself to incorporate various functionality into the materials, such as partial fluorination (leading to low intrinsic optical loss at 1.55 mm) and reactive hydroxyl groups (giving a well-established lattice hardening mechanism via polyurethane chemistry). |
| MP TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1500 Sheridan Road, Unit 8A Wilmette, IL 60091 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 491-7251
Hooman Mohseni AF 00-156 |
| Title: | Materials for Superlattice Infrared Detectors |
| Abstract: | Recently, novel electronic and optoelectronic devices such as hundred gigahertz logic circuits, room temperature infrared lasers, and detectors have been demonstrated from III-V based mixed anion heterostructures. The importance of the interfaces quality and crystal perfection in this material system has been proven to be the key issue by many groups. The objective of this project is to develop epitaxial growth techniques that will significantly increase the interface smoothness and abruptness, as well as the material crystal quality. The proposed growth techniques and source material switching sequences will reduce some of the fundamental growth problems such as cross incorporation, cation and anion segregation, and atomic exchange. These techniques are expected to result in a root mean square (rms) surface roughness below 1/2 monolayer over large areas, abrupt interfaces, and high crystal quality reproducibly. |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 934-2100
Peter Chow AF 00-156 |
| Title: | InAs/GaInSb Superlattice for Very Long Wavelength Infrared Applications |
| Abstract: | GaInSb/InAs superlattices show great promise as materials for use in very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) detectors. This III-V compound offers advantages over current HgCdTe technology in both anticipated performance level and ancillary support systems (e.g. cryogenic cooling) costs. Due to piezoelectric strain effects, growth of this superlattice on (111)-oriented substrates lowers the effective bandgap energy of this material when compared to the same growth on (100). Thus, growth on (111) substrates can extend the operating wavelength of this material system into the VLWIR regime. For this Phase I project, we will create the superlattice on (111) substrates using Ga(x)In(1-x)Sb ternary alloy buffer layers instead of the typical GaSb buffer layer. Use of this ternary alloy allows for a reduced strain between the host lattice and the superlattice layers, improving the crystalline quality of the superlattice. At the completion of this Phase I program a prototype VLWIR detector will be fabricated based on the superlattice growth on (111)-oriented substrates. |
| STERLING SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
22660 Executive Drive Suite 101 Sterling, VA 20166 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 834-7535
Cengiz M. Balkas AF 00-157 |
| Title: | Growth of Semi-Insulating Silicon Carbide (SiC) |
| Abstract: | In response to Air Force 00-157 SBIR, Sterling Semiconductor proposes to investigatea unique growth technique for high quality semi-insulating SiC crystals. Currently, Sterling is producing semi-insulating material of the 6H polytype. Presented data inducates the material quality of these crystals are of the highest quality. It is the goal of the work propose to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and perform feasiblity runs for the 4H polytype. |
| BOULDER NONLINEAR SYSTEMS, INC.
450 Courtney Way, Unit 107 Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-0077
Jay Stockley AF 00-158 |
| Title: | Development of Liquid Crystal Materials for Directed Energy Control |
| Abstract: | Boulder Nonlinear Systems in a teaming arrangement with the Liquid Crystal Institute at Kent State University proposes to improve analog switching ferroelectric liquid crystal devices through polymer stabilization. The primary goal is to improve the state of the art analog ferroelectric liquid crystal modulators by reducing the constraints on the substrates used to implement the devices. A successful effort will lead to polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal device prototypes, featuring high speed, high contrast, gray-scale, resistance to mechanical shock, relatively temperature independent operation, and the ability to function on unconventional substrates, such as flexible or curved surfaces. |
| KENT OPTRONIX, INC.
6122 Independence Dr. Hudson, OH 44236 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(330) 655-2011
Deng-Ke Yang AF 00-158 |
| Title: | Multi-State Ultra-Fast Guest Host Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Materials |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR research program is to develop a new type of guest-host cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) composite material which possesses the following novel properties. It is a cholesteric liquid crystal and polymer gel composite material. It can be electrically switched at a speed of microseconds. More attractively, it expands new optical state to exhibit (a) broadband polarizing reflection, (b) narrow-band polarizing reflection, (c) broadband scattering and (d) optically transparent state. The CLC can also be switched from one optical state to another via an electric field and may exhibit multiple stability. In Phase I, KOI will carry out a feasibility study of the new material to demonstrate the four optical states as well as an ultra-fast switchability. |
| CRYSTAL IS, INC.
25 Cord Dr. Latham, NY 12110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 276-2494
J. Carlos Rojo AF 00-159 |
| Title: | Bulk Growth of Aluminum Nitride for Space and Propulsion Applications |
| Abstract: | In Phase I, we propose to grow single crystals of AlN that are nominally 1 inch in diameter using a modification of the sublimation-recondensation approach that should lead to growth rates significantly larger than 0.3mm/hr while, at the same time, improving crystal quality. One-inch AlN substrates will be prepared and a representative sample will be supplied to the Air Force. In addition, we will demonstrate that this technique is scaleable to 2-inch diameter substrates for a Phase II on this program. |
| ANALYTIC POWER CORP.
100 Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 932-8080
Polevaya AF 00-161 |
| Title: | Fuel Processor for Air Expeditionary Force Deployable Fuel Cells Power Generator |
| Abstract: | Diesel fuel processors, the largest and most expensive system in a fuel cell power plant, are decidedly not modular. Every change in power specification means a change in fuel processor design. They have at least five reactors and many more heat exchangers. They require a plethora of power consuming controls and fluid movers. Their high temperature reactions are inefficient and require expensive materials. The impurities in diesel fuel are highly corrosive to metals. The reactions form soot and the catalysts are unstable. Their product gas is only about 40% hydrogen. The selective oxidation required for carbon monoxide control cuts power plant efficiency about 5 points and degrades fuel cell life. Transient operations are slow and complex. The electrochemical autothermal reformer (EATR) is an innovative alternative to traditional diesel fuel processors. Based on a tri-layer ceramic electrochemical element, the EATR offers a solution to all the problems of the traditional diesel fuel reformer. The major obstacle to EATR development has been fabricating its layered structure. Two very promising fabrication methods and several materials have been identified to solve this problem. The EATR has the potential to revolutionize fuel processing in areas ranging from chemical processing to the automotive industry. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
R.O.Loutfy AF 00-161 |
| Title: | Development of Light-Weight, Low-Cost Multichannels Catalytic Membrane Reformer |
| Abstract: | Efficient on board reformer using battlefield fuel (diesel and JP-8 fuels) to producehigh purity hydrogen is needed for fuel cells deployment. It is proposed to investigate the feasibility of developing compact, low cost, lightweight, highly effective multichannels membrane reformer. Micron size channels (50-100µm) will be fabricated using proprietary technology developed by MER of porous materials such as alumina. Alternative channels will be coated with membranes that is hydrogen permeable. The other channels will be packed with catalyst. The incorporation of multichannels membrane reformer would have the advantage of very high surface area membrane for high hydrogen flux, enhancing the conversion equilibrium, eliminating fuel coking as result of lower temperature operation, and producing sulfur and CO free hydrogen. The feasibility of fabricating multichannel membrane reformer will be investigated in Phase I. This technology will be demonstrated by reforming dieselto produce CO free hydrogen. |
| JENTEK SENSORS, INC.
200 Dexter Avenue Watertown, MA 02472 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 926-8422
Neil J. Goldfine AF 00-162 |
| Title: | Detection and Imaging of Inclusions and Planar Flaws in Titanium Castings Including Weld Repaired Regions |
| Abstract: | Flaws in the near-surface region of titanium castings, including weld repairs, are likely to serve as fatigue initiation sites, and therefore, can affect the component structural integrity. Thus, near-surface region requirements are more severe than in the bulk. JENTEK's imaging MWM-Arrays with grid inversion methods are proposed for detection and quantitative assessment of inclusions, deleterious surface alpha (with an objective to eliminate the need for costly "blue etch" inspection), cracks, and lack of fusion within the near-surface regions up to the first 2.5 mm. The proposed capability will complement proven X-ray and phased-array ultrasonics that have sensitivity limitations in the near-surface region. JENTEK has demonstrated reliable crack detection in fretted regions in titanium engine disks, detection and sizing of alpha case, and contamination assessment of titanium welds. Using imaging MWM-Arrays with model-based measurement grids, JENTEK will focus in Phase I on adaptation of MWM-Arrays and imaging algorithms, and on demonstration of performance on titanium samples provided by Boeing. In Phase II, JENTEK will (1) develop fieldable procedures for detection of inclusions in titanium castings and planar flaws in weld repairs; (2) deliver a portable prototype GridStation system for inspection of castings; and (3) develop enhancements in sizing and imaging. |
| KARTA TECHNOLOGIES
1892 Grandstand San Antonio, TX 78238 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(210) 681-9102
Charles Duffer AF 00-162 |
| Title: | Laser Ultrasound Nondestructive Characterization of Titanium Casting and Weldments |
| Abstract: | Advancements in military aircraft design and the drive towards greater performance required incorporation of large complex titanium castings and weldments. The design margins of these aircraft allow for the tolerance of only very small defects. A scanning ultrasonic inspection system incorporating phased-array technology is required so that large parts can be scanned accurately and with high enough resolution to detect small defects in titanium. Karta proposes a phased-array-laser-based scanning ultrasonic system to inspect titanium components. The ultimate goal of this system will be to fully inspect titanium components for the detection of structural defects and for detection and characterization of weld defects. Laser ultrasound is the most appropriate choice because it is better suited for rapid large area scans than conventional immersion or squirter based ultrasound and can be implemented in phased-array configurations. Laser ultrasound is also a noncontact, noninvasive measurement that does not require couplant, is deployable in a rugged fiber-optic configuration easily automated, and is unaffected by temperature or adverse environments. The successful completion of the Phase I Technical Objectives will demonstrate the technical feasibility of developing a relatively low-cost universal instrument for laser ultrasonic characterization of defects in titanium casting and weldments. |
| TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN
9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 263-2101
Michael Dingus/Mr. John B AF 00-163 |
| Title: | Aircraft Battle Damage Repair (ABDR) of Substructural Core Repair |
| Abstract: | Aircraft battle damage repair is critical to maintaining full force projection during combat. These repairs must be fast, require limited materials and equipment, restore full component strength, and last long enough to allow the aircraft to contribute to the outcome of the battle. Substructural honeycomb core repair is especially troublesome due the complex geometry, variety and type of materials used, and difficulty of preparing and properly securing repair plugs. Texas Research Institute Austin, Inc., proposes the development and testing of high-performance, cure-in-place foams as a solution to the core repair problem. The physical properties of the foam will be characterized, and adhesion to various commonly used honeycomb materials will be measured. An applicator suitable for field use will be designed. Simulated aircraft battle damage repair will be carried out and will be visually inspected, sectioned, and tested to evaluate the integrity of the repair. A draft ABDR field procedure using the new foams will be prepared. TRI/Austin will team with Abaris Training Resources, Inc., whose extensive aircraft repair experience, coupled with TRI/Austin's 25 year history in the development of high performance foams and adhesives for the DoD, make this team uniquely qualified to solve the problem. |
| CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2744 Indian Ripple Rd. Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1877
Chrysa Theodore AF 00-165 |
| Title: | Deep Core Photocuring of High-Performance Adhesives |
| Abstract: | Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG) proposes to develop an adhesive repair system capable of curing a high-temperature adhesive deep within the core of a aircraft structure. High-working temperature, easy-to-process adhesives are needed for adhesively bonded joints and composite patch repair. These adhesives must also be resistive to hygrothermal degradation, since moisture aging is common in most aircraft applications. In addition to having exceptional thermal stability, the adhesives need to be tough and resistant to fatigue crack growth. High-performance adhesives with alternative curing mechanisms, such as photoinitiation at low processing temperatures, are needed for easy field repair. To accomplish this, we will leverage materials technologies from a related program in which we teamed with University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) to develop and evaluate high-temperature, low-shrinkage easy to process adhesives. The objectives of this program are to design, synthesize and characterize a photocurable adhesive system based on previously demonstrated materials technology, and a unique photodelivery system. Each component of the adhesive repair system will be independently demonstrated in this program along with a demonstration of the overall concept. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4121
K. Jayaraj AF 00-166 |
| Title: | Rapid Remove/Replace Stealth Gap Filler |
| Abstract: | Stealth aircraft utilize conductive-particle-filled elastomeric gap fillers between body panels, access panels and doors to maintain low radar signature. One of the biggest deficiencies of state-of-the-art stealth gap filler systems is the time needed to remove and replace this system when access panels need to be removed in the field. These systems may take 24 to 48 hrs to cure and be ready for flight. Foster-Miller proposes to develop a unique gap treatment system that will allow quick and easy removal and replacement of access panels and doors without degrading the aircraft signature. Some of the advantages of the Foster-Miller system include: 1) quick and easy removal and replacement using simple hand tools without degrading radar signature, 2) surface smoothness is retained, and 3) electrical continuity is maintained at high strains. To assist in this effort, Foster-Miller has teamed with Northrop Grumman, prime contractor for the B-2 stealth bomber. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street P.O. Drawer 719 Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9261
Carl A. Mentzer AF 00-166 |
| Title: | Innovative Seals for Maintainable LO Aircraft |
| Abstract: | Mission Research Corporation proposes to develop and demonstrate an innovative gapseal system that will significantly reduce the cost of operations for LO systems. The proposed effort will examine combinations of tubular extrusions, filler materials, and activation concepts that have the potential to achieve a high quality seal that meets a diverse set of operational requirements. These requirements include; RCS, weight, affordability, ease of application/removal, durability, and safety/environmental issues associated with the application of the seals. From the nearly unlimited combinations of materials, a group of technical experts will select five concepts. A QFD process will be used to select two concepts for demonstration and RCS testing in a panel and frame. The proposed program will screen suitable materials, document the selection process, and demonstrate the signature capabilities. An estimate of maintenance time will be obtained for treatments on representative gaps. |
| ALLCOMP, INC.
209 Puente Ave. City of Industry, CA 91746 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 369-4572
Wei T. Shih AF 00-167 |
| Title: | Carbon Composites for Space Tribology |
| Abstract: | Friction and wear are fundamental issues in the design and operation of mechanical systems used in space and aerospace platforms, where high performance, high accuracy, and long life are required. The recent successful demonstration of carbon-carbon (C-C) bearing cages (US Patent 5,752,773 ) at supersonic cruise missile engine conditions (450 C and 38,000 rpm) is considered as a breakthrough in high-speed and high-temperature bearing technology. Because of their low density, excellent tribological and thermal properties, C-C cages allow bearings to operate in extreme environments under marginally lubricated conditions. Thus, C-C cages are considered an enabling technology for next generation gas turbine engines. In this proposal, C-C technology will be applied for space-based tribological applications, where vacuum environment and orbiting temperature introduce many new challenges. The possibility of combining specially formulated porous C-C with various lubricants may provide additional stability and reliability to new and demanding applications. In Phase I, carbon-based composites will be formulated for two applications - bearing cages and slip rings. Friction and wear performance will be screened under simulated space environment. The technology will be assessed to provide guidance for future effort. In Phase II, material systems will be further optimized and prototypes will be fabricated and tested. |
| UES, INC.
4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 426-6900
Amarendra K. Rai AF 00-167 |
| Title: | Development of Advanced Coatings as Palliatives for Avoidance of Fretting and Galling in Titanium Alloy |
| Abstract: | Titanium alloys are currently being used in turbine engine components such as blades and discs. During operation such engine components experience high contact stress and high frequency-low amplitude vibrations, which in turn create a situation for fretting to occur. Titanium alloys are well known for their poor performance under fretting conditions. Fretting related damage leads to reduced fatigue life and higher wear. Analysis of the fretting conditions indicates that fretting damage can be minimized by creating low friction and low wear between the fretted parts. The objective of the Phase I proposal is to develop advanced hard-soft coatings which can provide wear resistance and low friction to the titanium alloy surface. The performance of the proposed coatings will be evaluated by comparing the fretting damage of the titanium alloy surface with and without coating. Finite element analysis will be used to explain the observed coating performance and to help design the desired coating characteristics. |
| INNOVATIVE RESEARCH, INC.
3025 Harbor Lane N Suite 300 Plymouth, MN 55447 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 519-0105
Kanchan M. Kelkar AF 00-168 |
| Title: | Computational Modeling of Remelting Processes for Ingot Casting of High-Performance Alloys |
| Abstract: | The overall goal of the proposed research is to develop a comprehensive, efficient, and well-validated model for the remelting processes used for production of ingots of superalloys and titanium alloys. The industrially important remelting processes include ESR, VAR, and EB/Plasma remelting. Process performance is dependent on complex interactions of the underlying electromagnetic, flow, and heat and mass transfer processes. The proposed model incorporates many novel features in the treatment of the physical phenomena and their computational solution. Phase I research will focus on the development of a single framework for computational analysis of all remelting processes. It will use a unified computational domain for implicit treatment of the interaction among all physical phenomena across material and phase interfaces. Phase II effort will involve enhancements of the basic model to enable analysis of electromagnetic stirring, treatment of unsteadiness, and prediction of ingot microstructure. Use of a multigrid method will result in a robust and efficient computational procedure. The model will be validated using data from subscale experiments and production furnaces. The proposed model will provide detailed understanding of the physical processes and accurate quantitative information about the effects of process parameters. |
| ANALATOM, INC.
540 Weddell Drive, Suite 9 Sunnyvale, CA 94089 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 734-9392
Zouhair Sbiaa AF 00-172 |
| Title: | MEMS Sensors For In-situ Monitoring of Adhesive Bonded Composite Structures |
| Abstract: | The problem addressed is through-life non-destructive monitoring of adhesively bonded structures. The concept presented is to produce a "smart material" consisting of a number of small independent wireless Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) bond degradation monitoring sensors positioned in the adhesive bond-line. They consist of: 1)the sensor modules which contain chemical disbonding corrosion and strain gauges incorporated on a thin narrow polymer belt carrier 2)the CMOS circuitry for the sensors to be autonomous and collect data. The system can be applicable to composite to metal, composite to honeycomb and metal to metal bonding systems. Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of the MEMS concept for both the sensors and the CMOS circuitry. Subcontractor Boeing will provide data and assistance in surface preparation, evaluating strain distributions in the patches, adhesive and adhesive/adherend bond line, and monitoring crack growth in the adherend. The sensors can be installed during repair and when the platform goes through a complete tear down during the Life Extension Program. The sensors form a Condition Based Maintenance health monitoring system. The sensors are permanently installed and can be continuously monitored. The monitoring system will indicate and select the damage location area which will have to be inspected and repaired. |
| F&S, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4276
Mark Jones AF 00-172 |
| Title: | Optical Fiber Based Sensors for Monitoring Adhesive Bondlines |
| Abstract: | The increased service for the current fleet of military aircraft is extending lifetimes and environmental exposure past design criteria. Therefore, it is critical to accurately detect and evaluate damage, as well as confidently repair and monitor the structure's integrity. Composite patch technology has been used extensively on aircraft; however, a major concern surrounding bonded repairs is the ability to consistently apply the repairs correctly and monitor their integrity over time. Confidence levels in the ability of the bonded repair to perform as designed have previously been low. This lack of confidence is due to several factors including inadequate process control and the inability to non-destructively assess bondline quality. To address the need for instrumentation to nondestructively monitor composite patches, Luna Innovations (formerly F&S, Inc.) proposes to develop a novel system that uses optical fiber sensors to detect patch delamination along with water penetration and material degradation. The development of low profile, distributed, embeddable, real-time, optical fiber sensors capable of detecting the onset of patch delamination on repaired regions of the aircraft would eliminate a significant portion of the related maintenance costs as well as improve confidence levels in the technology. |
| ACTA, INC.
2790 Skypark Drive, Suite 310 Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1008
Timothy K. Hasselman AF 00-173 |
| Title: | Munition Effectiveness Modeling & Technology Integration Research |
| Abstract: | A nine-month Phase I project is proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of capturing the fidelity of high fidelity physics based (HFPB) models in a fast-running format. It is anticipated that such models will be incorporated in certain modules of the Modular Effectiveness/Vulnerability Assessment (MEVA) code developed for and currently used by the Air Force for assessing munitions effectiveness and target vulnerability. Current engineering models employ resistance functions and/or regression analysis in ways that are unnecessarily restrictive, thereby losing the fidelity inherent in HFPB models. Generalizations of these accepted techniques offer the means of overcoming restrictions that have limited both the fidelity and utility of conventional engineering/fast-running models. The new modeling techniques incorporating higher fidelity physics, enhanced response/damage visualization, and improved stochastic modeling will be demonstrated in Phase I. Current MEVA models will be evaluated and a subset selected for upgrade in Phase II. |
| H. N. BURNS ENGINEERING CORP.
3275 Progress Drive, Suite A Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 273-3770
Steven Yun AF 00-174 |
| Title: | Enabling Technology Development for Affordable Imaging Laser Radar Systems |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I research program we will investigate the combined application of diverse emerging technologies, to produce a compact, high-performance, yet affordable, core system which will be useable for a wide variety of single-channel laser range finders and multi-channel imaging laser radar systems. We will focus on the integration of new laser sources, new electronic device families and new signal processing techniques into a versatile, common-module architecture, which will benefit from the economy of mass production in numerous military and civilian applications. |
| NOVA RESEARCH, INC.
437 B Second Street Solvang, CA 93463 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 693-9600
Mark A. Massie AF 00-174 |
| Title: | General Purpose Real-Time Digital Processor Development for Microdewar Seekers |
| Abstract: | The "microdewar" seeker head system designed and built by Nova Research, Inc. under a previous AFRL-sponsored program represents a truly modular architecture for the rapid development of miniature operational seeker applications. This Phase I effort proposes the complete design and hardware development of a modular "daughterboard" that permits general-purpose digital processing algorithms to be applied to the real-time seeker image data produced by the microdewar system. In-system programmable digital logic incorporated on the daughterboard may be reconfigured to perform a variety of different processing operations. Copies of the same daughterboard may be included in the system, and each programmed to perform a different serial or parallel function on the image data produced by the microdewar's focal plane array (FPA). Designed to be as flexible as possible with today's infrared FPA and programmable logic technology, the Nova microdewar/daughterboard processing system offers significant advantages in small size and processing power. The resulting system may be applied to Guidance Integrated Fuzing (GIF) applications as well as autonomous seeker guidance and control applications. |
| SIMWRIGHT, INC.
348 Miracle Strip Parkway, SW Ft. Walton Beach, FL 32548 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(850) 244-3316
Kerry Christopher AF 00-174 |
| Title: | Guidance Research |
| Abstract: | AFRL/MN requires a low-cost photogrammetric method of generating 3D faceted models of mobile targets. These targets are required to support Critical Mobile Target (CMT) investigations. Low-fidelity models will be used to support research for Autonomous Target Acquisition (ATA) algorithms being developed for specific weapons systems. High-fidelity models will be generated to construct realistic scenes (e.g., terrain, background clutter, target-in-clutter, etc.) for ingestion into IRMA for synthetic scene creation. The rapid and low-cost generation of these models is necessary due to the enormous resources typically required to generate these models and the unacceptable lead-time required to acquire these models. DeVoe and Matthews has developed a photogrammetric technique which will enable AFRL to generate high-fidelity models which meet their requirements for a variety of applications involving imaging seekers in a variety of sensor systems (i.e., LADAR, Imaging IR, SAR). The technique presented in this paper is an innovative technique which draws upon time-honored methods of terrestrial photogrammetry and the advent of digital technology to provide a low-cost, robust, and efficient method to enable AFRL engineers to modify this process as suited for a given application. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
75 Aero Camino, Suite A Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Kenan Ezal AF 00-174 |
| Title: | A Single Port, Anti-jam GPS Antenna with Direction Finding and Home-on-jam Capability |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research Corporation's proposal addresses the growing need for a dual purpose, low-cost, single element, anti-jam (AJ) GPS controlled receive pattern antenna (CRPA) with Direction Finding (DF) capability. The antenna footprint is small enough for use with Small Smart Bombs (SSB) and Joint Direct Attack Munitions (JDAM). The primary purpose of the antenna is to provide AJ GPS capability for weapon guidance in multiple jammer environments. In the event that the GPS receiver is no longer able to retain its lock on the GPS signal, the antenna provides the direction of the jamming signal to the weapon guidance system, which can then act as a Home-on-Jam weapon. An integral part of this proposal is the development of an autonomous optimal decision making algorithm which determines if and when to pursue the jammer instead of the original target. |
| GENERAL SCIENCES, INC.
205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 723-8588
Michael C. Matthews AF 00-175 |
| Title: | Ordnance Research; Thermobaric HTI for Defeat of BW/CW |
| Abstract: | General Sciences, Incorporated, proposes to investigate the use of intrinsically reactive intermetallic compositions formulated to produce chemical species demonstrated to be effective in defeating BW/CW agents, combined with a high explosive initiator to produce a Thermobaric High Temperature Incendiary payload. The Phase I effort will investigate the design of the Thermobaric High Temperature Incendiary payload and assess its potential against a scaled target using BW/CW simulant materials, as well as make an estimate of the collateral damage effects to the structure the agent is housed in. |
| MATERIALS PROCESSING, INC.
6401 Elm Crest Court Fort Worth, TX 76132 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(817) 294-0135
Animesh Bose AF 00-175 |
| Title: | Ordnance Research |
| Abstract: | Tungsten heavy alloys, due to its unique property combination of high density (17 to 18 g/cc), high strength, high ductility, and ability to shield against radiation, have applications in the ordnance area, especially as large penetrators, and as radiation shields. Building massive shapes from these alloys is difficult and often impossible as the alloy is usually liquid phase sintered (resulting in gravity induced slumping in case of large structures). It is possible to build massive part from this alloy by joining smaller and simpler pieces together at a temperature that is lower than the liquid forming temperature of the alloy. The challenge is to impart tailored properties to the joint where the joint strength could be changed to suit the application. For ordnance application, the joint strength has to be equal or better than the parent tungsten alloy, while for explosive jet perforators with applications in the oil and gas industry, the joint has to be weaker. Success in this project will allow us to join tungsten heavy alloys with the desired joint properties (tailored). This will lead to the use of this technology in the ordnance area as well as in the oil and gas industry. |
| ACULIGHT CORP.
11805 North Creek Parkway S. Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 482-1100
Steven Tidwell AF 00-176 |
| Title: | Low Cost Pulsed Laser |
| Abstract: | In order for electro-optical seekers to be applied to tactical weapons, lasers used in these systems must be made less expensive, and be engineered into compact and reliable devices. We propose to develop a diode pumped Ytterbium doped flouoroapatite laser oscillator that may greatly reduce the laser's cost compared to current pulsed diode pumped solid state lasers. The proposed Phase I research will develop and test a 200 mJ pulse energy, Q-switched, diode pumped laser oscillator. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Glenn T. Bennett AF 00-176 |
| Title: | Short Pulse Transmitter for Focal Plane Array Based Imaging Ladar |
| Abstract: | Imaging ladar offers new capabilities for military and commercial remote sensors. However, 3-D ladar transceivers currently tend to utilize a raster-scanned beam or pushbroom/whiskbroom acquisition that may distort images when there is relative motion between the target and sensor. An approach to mitigating the motion-induced image is to utilize single shot, 3-D imaging focal plane array (FPA) receivers. However, maintaining the area search rate and laser energy per pixel with FPA receivers dictates an increase in the laser pulse energy while reducing the repetition rate. To address this, CTI proposes an innovative eyesafe infrared near-monolithic laser transmitter configuration that maintains average power at low repetition rates (~100 Hz), while minimizing the cost and size impacts of the low rep rate pulse format. The laser architecture utilizes a breakthrough nonlinear optical pulse compressor to produce 1 to 2-nanosecond pulse widths for enhanced range resolution and speckle diversity. Moreover, the near monolithic technology can utilize either high efficiency pump laser diodes for sustained operation, or lower-cost uncooled flashlamps for higher pulse energy, limited shot operation. Phase I provides designs/demos to ensure low risk for Phase II deliverables. CTI's experience in flight qualified ladar systems provides leverage for the program. |
| I TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
2663 Wayside Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 761-3174
Robert E Sampson AF 00-177 |
| Title: | Midwave Infrared Imaging Spectro-Polarimeter for Laser Radar |
| Abstract: | This proposal is for the development of a fast imaging spectro-polarimeter for the measurement of spectral and polarization signatures of both targets and backgrounds for improved target recognition capability for laser radar. The proposed innovative snapshot imaging spectro-polarimeter provides spectral and polarization information on each pixel in 4 milliseconds. This unique approach eliminates scanning through the spectrum as required by conventional approaches and provides for subsequent rapid collection and construction of spatial, spectral, and polarization data sets. The proposed instrument design is field portable with minimal moving parts. The proposed project builds on developments at the University of Arizona's Optical Detection Laboratory and provides the most comprehensive and versatile portable imaging sensor developed to date. |
| DOMINCA
9813 Admiral Dewey Ave., NE Albuquerque, NM 87111 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 822-0005
Joseph H. Kang AF 00-178 |
| Title: | Shock Mitigating Technology |
| Abstract: | The current mitigation techniques used to protect a warhead's fuze from the high frequency components of deformational waves suffered during an encounter with a target may be inadequate for future warheads. We propose several novel concepts for shock mitigation. From these we choose to pursue in Phase I the capabilities of Shape Memory Alloys because of the excellent dissipative properties that have been reported for them when used in their superelastic (not shape memory) mode. Their dissipative capacity is said to be greatest under conditions produced by impact: high strain rates and a broad spectrum of frequencies. In their superelastic condition, these materials would be practical in warhead use: unlike the shape memory behavior, no thermal cycling is required, and unlike visco-elastically dissipative materials like polymers, there should be no concerns with aging or creep. We will also pursue work to better understand and improve two very effective current techniques, namely 1.) mechanical filtering of selected frequencies by layers of materials having dissimilar impedance, and 2.) using limited contact area to mount equipment, creating a momentum bottleneck. |
| TPL, INC.
3921 Academy Parkway North, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 342-4431
Randal Johnson AF 00-179 |
| Title: | Recrystallization of Nitramines |
| Abstract: | Current manufacturing methods for nitramines HMX and RDX produce crystals with micro-voids which leave the explosives highly shock sensitive. The presence of micro-voids inside a crystal is difficult to detect and to quantify. Normal manufacturing methods for nitramines do not address micro-void reduction techniques nor testing for these voids. TPL, Inc. proposes recrystallizing nitramines using proven methods to decrease the number of these micro-voids, producing less sensitive materials. These crystallization techniques are not commonly used for nitramine production. Micro-voids will be determined and quantified. This effort will investigate void production resulting from three alternative crystallization techniques. These methods will include a gas anti-solvent technique; ultrasonic stimulation of nucleation; and a spherical crystallization method utilizing emulsification and solvent extraction. Detection and quantification methods for micro-void detection include apparent density determination using mixed solvents, optical microscopy, and surface gas absorption. TPL's personnel have a great deal of experience in synthesis and formulation of a wide variety of energetic materials. TPL is licensed for the use and manufacture of explosives and has ongoing commercial efforts reclaiming HMX and RDX from demilitarized ordnance. This current recycling effort gives a ready market to use and sell any refined products coming out of this proposed program. |
| DEARBORN GAGE CO.
32330 Ford Road Garden City, MI 48135 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 422-8300
Robert A. Peterson AF 00-180 |
| Title: | High-Frequency Motion Simulation for Hardware-In-The-Loop Testing |
| Abstract: | The design of a High Frequency Motion Simulator (HFMS) is required to satisfy the HWIL testing objectives for current defensive missile systems. This development will provide a unique 6-DOF-motion simulator currently not available and extend the capabilities of current Flight Motion Simulators (FMS). The introduction of a unique non-cascaded gimbal configuration offers the ability to extend the closed loop frequency response of this motion simulator to the 1000 Hz region. Current FMS are limited to < 50 Hz frequency response. This new concept not only provides the three angular degrees of freedom, but also provides three degrees of translation necessary to simulate airframe vibration. The motion base is based on a variant of a Hexapod configuration. Unique flex pivots are utilized to provided low friction coupling between the platform and actuators. The high modal frequency is achieved by using carbon graphite composite for the platform structure and actuator extensions. A multi-variable feedback system, which uses the actuator position and platform inertial accelerations, provides a control system directly related to the airframe coordinate frame. The system provides control of the three angular rotations and three linear displacements, each control loop exhibiting a 1000 Hz bandwidth. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Engineering & Products Div. 20600 Gramercy Place, Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Andrew Kostrzewski AF 00-181 |
| Title: | Real-Time, Low Bandwidth, Detachable Damage Assessment Eye |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop beyond-line-of-sight video processing, compression, and transmission with communications capability for ranges out to few hundred kilometers. The proposed Smart Munition Smart Sensor (SMSS) system will be capable of sending sensor data to a ground or air station, fully compressed at 2000:1 while preserving high signal quality and integrity. The sensor data will include full motion, high resolution video/IR data, and still imagery, GPS positioning and sensor fusion control. SMSS will send messages and video at extended ranges for real-time target identification, target location, and battle damage indication. The proposed research will be in two areas: high fidelity video compression to low bandwidth with minimum digital video artifacts; and wireless, real-time transmission of video from the munition to the base and control signals from the base to the munition. The R&D effort will be carried out as algorithm, software, and hardware development for both encoding and decoding as well as efficient wireless communication. The supercomputer-class (8BOPS) digital video processing, based on soft-computing technology (where POC has a leadership) will be sufficiently fast to support semi-autonomous and in near-future, fully-autonomous on-the-fly target reassignment by real-time BDI. |
| SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CORP.
2300 Windy Ridge Parkway Suite 400 South Atlanta, GA 30339 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 989-9487
Craig Newbold AF 00-183 |
| Title: | Powered Submunition Communication Architecture |
| Abstract: | The battlefield of the future will be a 'digital battlefield'- a place dominated by unmanned air, land, and sea combat vehicles, precision guided smart weapons, and real-time networked communications. A significant role of the Air Force in the digital battlefield is the Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) including the roll-back of enemy defenses, building of corridors for strike packages, and follow-on maintenance of previously sanitized areas. A recent concept for implementing SEAD includes the Air Force's development of a new class of low cost, autonomous, miniature munitions, one of which is the Low Cost Autonomous Attack System (LOCAAS). The performance of these munitions could be greatly enhanced by sharing information and coordinating activities between all munitions flying in a given area. SRC proposes a communication architecture using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) hardware components that have shown excellent performance and low-cost attributes during our work developing the Navy's UAV based Expendable Video Data Link (EVDL). SRC will combine these DSSS components with a flexible network architecture and robust routing protocols by extending our recent project work on mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) for the Air Force Rome Labs. |
| TPL, INC.
3921 Academy Parkway North, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 342-4454
Frank Keys AF 00-184 |
| Title: | Recycling/Recovery of Energetic Materials and Polymer Binders |
| Abstract: | Recovery and recycling of energetic materials are based on regulatory and economic factors. OB/OD practices are limited through federal and state regulations, therefore alternate demilitarization methods must be developed. As production narrows, nitramine life cycle costs tend to drive energetic formulation system costs. Nitramine recovery will increase supply and decrease formulation costs. TPL will apply its proven nitramine recovery process to selected Air Force explosives. Relying on its broad base of nitramine recovery experience, TPL will evaluate applications for both recovered nitramines and by-products. TPL's recovery process will enhance Air Force water washout by completing the demilitarization process. Nitramine recovery can proceed efficiently while minimizing labor, transportation and other costs. During this effort, zero-waste-stream recovery processes for both aluminized and non-aluminized energetic materials will be developed. By-product utilization will be evaluated for both feedstocks, culminating with an onsite demonstration utilizing TPL's pilot plant facility. TPL is the leading small business in operational demilitarization and conversion of recovered energetic materials into commercial products. To date, over 3000 pounds of nitramines have been recovered resulting in ongoing commercial sale. TPL's experience base, operational capabilities, storage capacity, and innovative technologies position the company to transition from this effort to commercial applications. |
| DYNAMIC STRUCTURE & MATERIALS, LLC
309 Williamson Square Franklin, TN 37064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 595-6665
Jeffrey S.N. Paine AF 00-185 |
| Title: | Compact Nitinol-Hydraulic Actuator for Munitions Control |
| Abstract: | d is the development of a hybrid Nitinol-hydraulic pump actuator to provide high levels of work over relatively low frequency bands for miniature munitions applications. The principal design is the use of high power capabilities of Nitinol wire actuators operating at moderate frequencies moving a transmission fluid that provides the required force and stroke to the actuator load. The unit provides a low cost solution for disposable munition actuation. The Nitinol actuators are configured in a novel mode to produce high pressures and strokes. The design consists of an array of small pumps called a Compact Nitinol Pump (CNiP). Because an array of units is used, the response time can be significantly increased over that of a conventional Nitinol SMA actuator. The unit will incorporate energy storage options to enable response times to 50 Hz where as conventional SMA actuators are often limited to 1 Hz. Efficiencies will also be improved by using power conditioning and training of the Nitinol actuators to minimize actuation power. The key technical issues are the compactness of the configuration, timing or commutation of the multiple pistons, sealing and heat rejection. The hybrid actuation concepts will be able to competitively replace many hydraulic driven devices. |
| QORTEK, INC.
4121 Jacks Hollow Road Williamsport, PA 17702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(570) 745-3555
Gareth Knowles AF 00-185 |
| Title: | Piezoelectronically Activated THUNDER Control Surfaces for Miniaturized Munitions |
| Abstract: | The major drawback in flight control actuation for miniature munitions is achieving the high energy density in an small package suitable for control surface activation. In a departure from previous approaches, the new concept has the control surface consisting entirely of the actuation mechanism. The new concept has the control surface being a piezoelectronic driven missile rugged high force-throw multilaminar THUNDER fin or canard. The challenge is to demonstrate that this new design and technology can meet the needs of miniature and future microminiature munitions. |
| APPLIED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, INC.
222 Government Avenue Suite B Niceville, FL 32578 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(850) 729-7550
Timothy F. Elbert AF 00-186 |
| Title: | Real Time Kinematic (RTK) Carrier Phase GPS from Start-up to Impact |
| Abstract: | The current use of GPS in the guidance of tactical weapons is limited to use of the pseudorange measurement capability of GPS receivers. Time-Space-Position-Information (TSPI) systems based on the more accurate GPS phase measurements are now becoming prevalent. Phase-based positioning requires the resolution of the integer ambiguities, which is made possible through double differencing techniques to eliminate systematic sight-line errors. Double differencing requires a fixed reference receiver and_for real-time real position determination_a data link, both of which present problems in a tactical environment. This proposal addresses the possibility of eliminating the continuous data link requirement, and mitigating the requirement for a reference receiver, by resolving the single difference phase ambiguities. Single difference ambiguity resolution has traditionally been plagued by the presence of sight-line errors, which also adversely affect the pseudorange based tactical systems now in use because of their slow convergence in filter implementations. The method proposed here consists of a double difference-based initialization process, in which the sight-line errors can be accurately assessed, to initialize a tightly coupled Kalman filter in which they are added to the normal complement of navigation error states. From that point, the single difference ambiguities can be resolved, and the accuracy of the resulting phase measurements should permit tracking of the sight-line errors. |
| UBC, INC.
6101 Johns Road Suite 1 Tampa, FL 33634 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(813) 884-6076
Robert S. Roeder AF 00-187 |
| Title: | Complementary Ladar/Millimeter-Wave Seeker (CLAMS) |
| Abstract: | A top down analysis of available technologies for delivery systems, sensors and guidance techniques, is proposed. The analysis will conclude what combination of Ladar and Millimeter wave based sensors, if any, delivered by what kinds of launch platforms and airframes are best suited to the needs to detect, identify, and effectively terminally home on mobile targets in modern battle field environments. |
| SOLID STATE SCIENTIFIC CORP.
27-2 Wright Road Hollis, NH 03049 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 465-5686
Darlene Schwall AF 00-188 |
| Title: | Novel focal plane array photodetector technology for use in eye-safe imaging LADAR receivers |
| Abstract: | A focal plane array technology will be developed to advance the state-of-the-art in eye-safe imaging LADAR. An innovative manufacturing process is proposed that will combine high-speed InGaAs near infrared photodetectors with application specific 2-D LADAR readout circuitry allowing time-of-flight calculations with nanosecond resolution on a per-pixel basis. In Phase I, the concept will be demonstrated with high responsivity schottky barrier InGaAs photodetectors fabricated directly on commercially available LADAR processing chips. The InGaAs epitaxial structure is transferred directly to the silicon based circuitry using an innovative processing procedure that will result in high yield and lower fabrication costs. The performance of the LADAR system comprising the proposed focal plane array will be investigated through modeling and experimental testing. Potential Phase II development efforts will include transferring InGaAs-based avalanche photodetectors (ADPs) for improved sensitivity, InGaAsN-based photodetectors for operation past 2mm, as well as, second generation signal processing circuitry for improving signal-to-noise ratio and detection probability. |
| PHOTOGLASS
1203 Searle Drive Normal, IL 61761 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(309) 452-3837
Roger K. Bunting AF 00-189 |
| Title: | Nanoparticulate Semiconductors: Preparation and Application |
| Abstract: | The preparation of nanoparticulate semiconductor materials by a spark-erosion process is proposed. n- and p-doped silicon will be prepared in nanoparticle form, and their electronic properties in polymer composites will be evaluated. |
| MICROASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
P.O. Box 8421 5675A Landregan St. Emeryville, CA 94662 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 655-2360
Ryan Roehnelt AF 00-190 |
| Title: | Real Time Failure Prediction Sensor |
| Abstract: | The proposed Air Force SBIR Phase I project will develop rotational sensor designs for penetration munition failure detection based on high rotational acceleration. |
| ADVANCED COMPONENTS & MATERIALS
1360 HIGH HAWK ROAD EAST GREENWICH, RI 02818 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 885-5064
Amitava Datta AF 00-195 |
| Title: | Aero Propulsion and Power Technology-An Innovative Brush Shroud Developmenf for Turbine Engine Fans. |
| Abstract: | The proposed research and development will focus on the feasibility of design and manufacturing of a flexible brush shroud for compressor blade tip seals to enhance its aerodynamic efficiency and stall margin. Unlike current abradable seals, brush shroud bristles are expected to elastically deflect when impacted by blade tips and minimize permanent tip gap enlargement and tip damage, thereby reducing maintenance costs. Preliminary tests at Wright Laboratories with conventional brush seals have already demonstrated encouraging results. The proposed program will explore two innovative shroud designs, one based on flexible bristle strips and another on a tufted ring, both to generate a continuous sealing surface which is believed to be necessary to enhance sealing. The conventional brush seal design did not provide a continuous sealing surface. The proposed design will also be lighter and cheaper than the current seal design as a result of the elimination of redundant front and back plates. The proposed methods are also amenable to a high degree of automation, and Phase I will outline further development areas for a fully automated process. Advanced Components & Materials, Inc. has assembled a strong team to develop and commercialize this flexible shroud technology. |
| IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
125 Tech Park Drive Rochester, NY 14623 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 424-1990
Michael J. Roemer AF 00-195 |
| Title: | Advanced Engine Test Cell Troubleshooting and Diagnostics |
| Abstract: | Impact Technologies in cooperation with Sytronics propose the development of an advanced engine test cell troubleshooting and diagnostic system that is capable of statistical anomaly detection of engine sensor signals, mechanical and performance-based diagnostics, and vibration image fault isolation/detection. The advanced diagnostic system will perform both real-time and post-test diagnostic assessments of engine performance and mechanical faults so that engine anomalies can be identified promptly. This proposal has been submitted after discussions with the engine repair organizations at the Air Logistic Centers who have consistently cited improved test cell diagnostics as a key improvement to their mission. It is desired that the advanced diagnostic procedures developed under this program would be directly integrated with an existing test cell hardware upgrade program (JETS-Jet Engine Test Strategy) headed by Ron Howe for the USAF. Improved test cell diagnostics capable of detecting and classifying engine mechanical and performance faults as well as instrumentation problems is critical to reducing engine operating and maintenance costs while optimizing test cell effectiveness. Proven anomaly detection and fault classification techniques utilizing engine GPA (gas path analysis) and empirical models of structural and performance related engine areas can now be implemented for real-time and post-test diagnostic assessments. |
| LITHIUM POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
20955 Morris Avenue P.O. Box 978 Manvel, TX 77578 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(281) 489-4889
M. Zafar A. Munshi AF 00-195 |
| Title: | High Energy Density Micro-Power Sources |
| Abstract: | A critical technological barrier to implementing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices is energy storage. The purpose of Phase I study is to design a feasible solid-state micro-power system utilizing existing technologies and to demonstrate that the components chosen along with the design can survive expected thermal cycling, chemical and mechanical stability and long shelf-life. We will define the theoretical limitations for each power source technology considered including technical barriers in the implementation of the design with respect to minimal footprint and thickness, weight, maximum or minimum capacity, current output under wide operating temperatures and cost. We will also demonstrate that such design and chemistry selected is able to meet the energy demand profile of the micro-sensor and consider methods whereby the power source could be integrated with the sensor reducing manufacturing cost. The proposed work addresses new designs of polymer electrolytes and novel methods of electrode fabrication. The results of this investigation will help assess the utility of the very thin film, small-size batteries ad will sow the seeds for Phase II for the development of mass manufactured/cost-effective practical micro-batteries that can be demonstrated in a commercial product. |
| SYSTEMS & ELECTRONICS, INC.
190 Gordon Street Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 228-0985
Tom J. Sepka AF 00-195 |
| Title: | Independent Power Supply Investigation Configuring Super Applications and other loading Technologies Power Sources |
| Abstract: | Systems & Electronics, Inc.(SEI) proposes to conduct a trade-off and engineering analysis for the employment of Super Capacitors and other energy sources for independent power supply for flight recorders(data acquistion systems),cockpit voice recorders and other avionics systems requiring stand-by power for short periods of time from 200 milliseconds to 20 minutes. This trade-off analysis will employ all cost for the independent power supply, logistic cost for spares and the maintenance costs. For this research program . SEI is trageting avionics systems requiring 10 to 20 watts for a period of 20 minutes. As part of Phase I, SEI will demonstrate an independent power supply which will power on of SEI's existing products such as the crash data/voice recorder. This demonstration unit will be a prototype and not a flight qualified unit. This proposed research program has a great deal of military and commercial applications such as flight recorders, emergency beacon locators, essential communication, exit light stripes in commercial a/c, etc. The FAA may require an independent power source on all commercial flight data and voice recorders in the near future on commercial aircraft. This independent power supply may have an application for electronic fuel controls for aircraft engines. This investigation will be conducted in five tasks and require a period of performance of nine months, all technical effort will be completed within six months and the last three months will be employed to prepare for Phase II of the proposal effort. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Joseph Kunze AF 00-195 |
| Title: | A Metal to Organic Matrix Composite Joining Technique for Hybrid Gas Turbine Engine Fan Blades |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to develop a technique for joining of metals and metal matrix composites (MMC) to organic matrix composites (OMC). The technology will enable the insertion of damage tolerant hybrid Metal-OMC fan blades for military and commercial gas turbine engines. The innovation is based upon a Triton proprietary and cost effective technique which ensures that stresses are transferred from the load carrying fibers of the OMC to the load carrying fibers of the MMC without stress concentrations. This innovation is critical to next generation gas turbine engines since it enables the insertion of lightweight hybrid Metal-OMC fan blades which meet foreign object damage requirements. The potential weight reduction of the proposed hybrid fan blades is over 40% compared to titanium. Triton Systems has teamed with aerospace engine component manufacturers who will provide technical assistance on the blade design, current OMC resin systems in use, and manufacturing compatibility with current processes for commercialization of the technology. |
| RESEARCH APPLICATIONS, INC.
11772 Sorrento Valley Road, Su San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 259-7541
Jalees Ahmad AF 00-196 |
| Title: | Advanced Life Determination of Turbine Engine Components |
| Abstract: | The overall goal of the proposed effort is to develop and validate a marketable methodology for advanced life prediction and residual stress management of turbine engine components under actual service conditions. Advanced methodology is needed for life extension of existing engine components, for enhanced safety of future aircraft engines, and for rational management of life cycle costs. A combined experimental and modeling approach is proposed to develop and validate the methodology. The focus in Phase I is to develop and experimentally validate the modeling tools that would be needed to conduct a detailed investigation and product development in Phase II. Lambda Research is proposed as subcontractor for laboratory experimentation. Honeywell (formerly AlliedSignal Engines) will provide expertise in design aspects of life prediction methodology. Model and methodology development work will be performed by Research Applications, Inc. |
| LSP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
6145 Scherers Place Dublin, OH 43016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 718-3000
Allan H. Clauer AF 00-197 |
| Title: | Laser Shock Peening Dove Tail Slots for Fretting Fatigue Resistance |
| Abstract: | In aircraft gas turbine engines, in most cases, the blades are held in rotating disks by a dovetail attachment that fits into a matching slot in the rim of the disk. The contact area between the blade dovetail and the dovetail slot is subject to high stresses and fretting condtions. This leads to fatigue crack initiation in the fretting area and propagation of the cracks into the disks, and the disk's eventual retirement for cause. This is a significant problem. The application of a soft metallic coating to the blade dovetails helps to decrease this problem, but the retirement of disks for cause remains a significant cost. This program will evaluate the feasibility of using laser shock peening to increase the resistance of dovetail slots to fretting fatigue damage and failure. Two issues will be addressed. One, the magnitude of the beneficial effect of laser peening to increase the fretting fatigue life associated with dovetail slot fretting will be evaluated. Two, methods for laser peening the inside fretting surface of dovetail slots will be evaluated. The evaluation will consider lower cost, ease of use, reliability, and maintainability of hardware. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION CORP.
10299 Scripps Trail, PMB 231 San Diego, CA 92131 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 586-6628
Thomas Brotherton AF 00-198 |
| Title: | A Testbed for Data Fusion for Gas Turbine Engine Diagnostics and Predictive Diagnostics |
| Abstract: | The key to producing more confident, real-time, on-wing diagnoses resides in the processing of multisensor data. Adding expensive new sensors is not the solution, but data fusion is. Fusion saves cost and weight; no new sensors required. Fusion reduces false alarm rates by allowing faults to be seen across multiple sensors. Diagnostic performance is improved by allowing detection of unique fault patterns than can only be seen on sets of sensors instead of a single sensor. Fusion enables predictive diagnostics; low-level information is integrated across sensors so potential faults can be detected earlier. Intelligent Automation Corporation proposes to develop a PC based gas turbine engine health monitoring system that uses a unique combination of signal and information processing algorithms to perform data and sensor fusion for engine fault diagnostics and predictive diagnostics. The system will include an Intelligent Mechanical Diagnostics System (i-mds) Matlab toolbox to aid in the development of future systems and to aid in the integration of new sensors and new information as it becomes available. The goal is to have a testbench that is flexible so that engineers and maintenance personnel can easily try a variety of signal and information processing approaches for solving particular problems. |
| SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC.
99 South Bedford Street Suite 7 Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-4770
Neil Goldstein AF 00-199 |
| Title: | Minimally-Intrusive Real-Time Temperature and Composition Sensor for Combustor Applications |
| Abstract: | An innovative minimally-intrusive sensor is proposed for monitoring the hot gas stream at the turbine inlet of high performance aircraft gas turbine engines. A passive fiber-optic probe and remote readout device are used to collect and analyze the spatially resolved spectral signature of the hot gas in the combustor/turbine flow path. Advanced information processing techniques are used to extract the average temperature, temperature pattern factor, and chemical composition in real-time. The proposed approach should provide real-time temperature and cal species sensing capability for multiple-point monitoring of high temperature and high pressure flow at the combustor exit with application as an engine development diagnostic tool, and ultimately, as a real-time active control component for high performance gas turbines. |
| BRENTWOOD TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
5123 Virginia Way Suite C-21 Brentwood, TN 37027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 221-9047
Robert G. Tryon AF 00-200 |
| Title: | Probabilistic Micromechanical High Cycle Fatigue Modeling of Titanium Propulsion Structures |
| Abstract: | The proposed effort is the development a probabilistic micromechanical fatigue life modeling software package. The model will integrate the knowledge derived from material characterization studies into the gas turbine structural component design system. This software would be capable of predicting the scatter in the fatigue strength for a component subjected to high cycle fatigue loading in titanium propulsion system components. The Phase I effort will address HCF failures that are initiated by foreign object impact damage. Variations in the geometry of the resultant FOD notch and the plastic region surrounding the notch will be considered. The variation in the material fatigue response initiated by the FOD is determine using mesomechanical fracture mechanics models applied at the microstructural level. Variations in the grain size, grain orientation, and other microstructural parameters are considered The models will be developed concurrently with component design methods to identify the sources of uncertainty and assess the influence of material and usage variation on the reliability of the structure. Design-to-production time can be reduced because testing can be tailored to measure the most important source of uncertainty. The engineer can then design the component to minimize the scatter thus optimizing the damage tolerance while reducing the life-cycle cost. |
| DAMPING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
12970 McKinley Highway Unit IX Mishawaka, IN 46545 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 779-2237
Thomas M. Lewis AF 00-201 |
| Title: | Development of Air Film Damping for Turbine Engine Applications |
| Abstract: | Previous research regarding air film damping has taken place to investigate the feasibility of the concept for control of vibration induced high-cycle fatigue (HCF) in gas turbine engine components. To establish this goal, current commercially available finite element analysis software was utilized to develop a methodology for predicting the effects of air film damping on dynamic response of simple components such as beams and plates. Test articles were fabricated according to the designs, and experimental results were compared to the analysis, with good correlation. The outcome is a step-by-step procedure for design of Damping Technologies, Inc. Air Film Damping (DTI/AFD) configurations. The objective of this proposed Phase I program is to apply the (DTI/AFD) methodology to design a suitable air film damping system for a selected turbine engine component, fabricate the air film damping system, and verify that the predicted performance is achieved. In addition, tasks will be included to address durability issues. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4119
Carolyn Westmark AF 00-202 |
| Title: | Novel Cold Flow Enhancing |
| Abstract: | Foster-Miller proposes to identify, design, synthesize, and evaluate innovative new fuel additives that can be used to improve the cold flow properties of military jet fuel (JP-8). Foster-Miller will also design a method for dispensing these additives at the fueling point or during flight. The primary purpose of this research is to allow the military to tailor the low temperature properties of JP-8 as needed, thus eliminating the purchasing, transporting, and storing of special fuels such as JPTS for high altitude, slow flying aircraft. Foster-Miller will identify or design cold flow enhancing (CFE) additives using state-of-the-art molecular modeling techniques. Molecular structures of the CFE's will be designed to inhibit growth of paraffin wax crystals in JP-8 down to temperatures of -60°C. These changes in crystal growth rate will mitigate the problem of wax crystals clogging the fuel filters when the aircraft is exposed to extreme low temperatures. The candidates will be screened initially using computer simulation techniques to predict their interactions with paraffin crystals and to determine whether they can meet other property requirements. Novel compounds will be synthesized for laboratory evaluations to demonstrate that their predicted effects on paraffin crystal growth can be verified experimentally. (p00461) |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Mark G. Allen AF 00-202 |
| Title: | Smart Fuels for the Future Air and Space Force |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop a suite of exhaust emissions monitors for advanced, smart fuel blends under development by the Air Force. Advanced fuel blends have been developed and introduced into service for high temperature operation and further advances are under development for mission-agile, blend-on-demand capability to improve performance, modify exhaust emission signatures, and improve environmental compliance throughout the flight envelope. The effects of these Smart Fuels on the combustor emissions performance, however, is not well understood. In the proposed effort, PSI will develop a suite of optical exhaust emissions analysis capabilities using a unique gas turbine combustor simulator facility to understand the effects of advanced fuel blends on exhaust gas pollutant emissions (CO, NOx, and SOx), particulate emissions, and IR signatures associated with major exhaust gas species. The results of this study will be used to develop compact, in-situ exhaust gas analysis sensors for AF test facility and field use. The applicability of these sensors for eventual use as continuous exhaust gas analysis in production engines will also be investigated. |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 252-2706
Geoffrey Sturgess AF 00-203 |
| Title: | Turbine Burner for Near-Constant Temperature Cycle Gas Turbine Engine |
| Abstract: | The proposed SBIR addresses a mission identification and engine cycle performance evaluation of a "quasi-constant temperature" cycle aircraft gas turbine engine that introduces additional heat addition (via a so-called "turbine burner") between the high- and low- pressure turbine stages. This cycle has the potential to deliver high shaft work, high specific thrust and low specific fuel consumption for certain applications. Provisional studies point to missions that require high shaft work to drive an ultra-high bypass ratio fan stage, or that demand high horsepower extraction from the engine. The proposal also includes work to provide concept definition and preliminary designs for the turbine burner. The major objectives of the proposed program are to: 1.) Demonstrate that the potential performance gains of the proposed cycle might be realized for the identified mission, and 2.) Demonstrate that a realistic turbine burner might be designed. A detailed work plan to accomplish these objectives is given. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Lev Tuchinskiy AF 00-203 |
| Title: | An Ultra-Compact Transonic Combustor Based on a Streamlined Porous Surface Burner in a Crossflow |
| Abstract: | By confining a flame to the surface of a streamlined shape a high-subsonic or transonic air stream can be heated with much lower drag force than is normally associated with combustion. A closely spaced row of such thin streamlined pilot flames can ignite merging flame trails in a premixed air/fuel mixture so that combustion is completed in a very short downstream distance. Such an ultra-short combustor has utility for reheating air to the highest turbine temperature possible between or within turbine stages. As a main combustor it can operate on the air exiting the compressor stages without requiring the pressure losses and increased length involved with a dump diffuser stage. Compressor bleed air is used for internal airfoil cooling, for fuel evaporation and finally to support combustion as the gas passes along the interior of the airfoil and out through a ceramic transpiration surface. The function of stream turning can be combined with heat input and flame ignition thus reducing engine length. |
| TAITECH, INC.
1430 Oak Court Ste. 301 Beavercreek, OH 45430 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 255-4141
Kuo-Cheng Lin AF 00-204 |
| Title: | Active Combustion Instability Control During Scramjet Initiation Stage |
| Abstract: | This research program incorporates experimental and modeling efforts to developan advanced active control strategy for the suppression of combustion instabilityinside a scramjet during the initiation stage. Undesired flame blowout, caused byill-imposed flame ignition procedure, excessive combustion instability, or improper transition between liquid and gaseous fuel supply systems, can becatastrophic to the smooth operation of a scramjet combustor. The specific objectives of the Phase I proposal are: 1) to develop flight-weight high-frequency pressure and heat release sensors, 2) to develop liquid fuel injectors usingeffervescence, and 3) to characterize scramjet combustion dynamics, including flame blowout phenomena and combustion instability. The proposed systemincorporates micro-opto-mechanical (MOM) pressure sensors and silicone carbide (SiC) photodiode sensors that can detect instantaneous chamber pressure and heat release, even in the presence of droplets and soot particles in high-temperature environments. Effervescent injectors capable of controlling the dropletevaporation rate and producing high-frequency pulsing liquid sprays are proposedto control the heat release rate and to alleviate combustion instability.The proposed system has high spatial resolution and rapid frequency response. This approach to the detection and control of combustion dynamics is generic and can be applied to scramjets, as well as other propulsion systems. |
| WEDEVEN ASSOC., INC.
5072 West Chester Pike Edgmont, PA 19028 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(610) 356-7161
Lavern D. Wedeven AF 00-205 |
| Title: | Oil and Material Compatibility for Improved Bearing and Gear Durability |
| Abstract: | Corrosion and limited surface durability of bearing and gear components are major factors associated with performance and operational cost of propulsion systems. Parallel and independent developments of materials and lubricants for propulsion systems have created a crisis with respect to material and lubricant compatibility. High thermal stability oils, corrosion inhibited oils and corrosion resistant materials can substantially reduce lubrication performance. Significant economic and performance gains can be made if high fatigue resistant and corrosion resistant materials can be made compatible with current or future jet engine oils. Surface modification technologies, along with systematic testing, hold promise for engineering corrosion resistant surfaces to be more responsive to oil chemistry. The focus of the technical effort is to develop a prototype lubricated contact (tribo-system) with corrosion resistance and surface durability. The technical approach requires multi-disciplinary innovation guided by a Systematic Tribology approach. Assurance of success is obtained with bearing and gear simulation tests highlighting performance attributes for adhesive wear resistance; abrasive wear resistance; scuffing; surface fatigue; oil-off characteristics and debris tolerance. |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 255-8704
Cambell Carter AF 00-206 |
| Title: | Optical Flame Emissions Sensor for High-Speed Reacting Flows |
| Abstract: | Optical emissions sensors have the potential to measure heat release and to gage combustion activity, including combustion efficiency, within a supersonic combusting ramjet (scramjet) engine. The principal advantage of this approach over other optical sensors is simplicity, since only a suitable photodetector is needed. In addition, solid-state optical emissions sensors are rugged, possess a wide field of view (as well as minimal optical access), and can be configured for species selectivity. During the Phase I program, we propose to study fundamental questions related to the implementation of solid-state optical emissions sensors in a scramjet combustor. To accomplish this, we will evaluate different sensor options_e.g., IR sensors for H2O and CO2 vs. UV chemiluminescence sensors_and choose the optimum device. This choice will be based on both quality of information provided by the sensor and on its anticipated durability for a high-temperature environment. Furthermore, fiber-optic coupling will be explored, as this would be a necessary component of a rugged optical emission sensor. Prototype devices will be employed in subsonic combustors to gage their performance. |
| DYNATECH ENGINEERING, INC.
8391 Auburn Blvd. Suite 3 Citrus Heights, CA 95610 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(916) 721-3300
Lyn M. Greenhill AF 00-207 |
| Title: | Hydrostatic Pivoted Pad Bearing for Oil-Free Turbomachinery |
| Abstract: | To replace traditional rolling element bearings and eliminate liquid lubricants used in midsize gas turbine engines, a unique concept is proposed - the Hydrostatic Pivoted Pad Bearing, or HyPad. This bearing consists of several pivoting pads, to provide misalignment and good load distribution, that are constructed from a self-lubricating material through which a number of holes are placed to provide a hydrostatic gas film supplied from a small amount of compressor bleed air. In operation, the gas film supports normal loads, with contact between the rotor and bearing only during start/stop and high load conditions, such as maneuvers. In Phase I, an analytical model will be created to predict and optimize the performance of the HyPad for potential applications. Results from this model will be compared to data obtained from a high-speed gas bearing test rig that will perform feasibility demonstrations and provide data for correlation with the analysis. A design configuration suitable for use in a gas turbine engine will be created with the correlated analytical methodology for use in Phase II engine testing with our selected engine manufacturer. |
| AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY & SERVICES, INC.
11311 Cornell Park Drive Suite #124 Cincinnati, OH 45242 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 469-6789
Eike Richter AF 00-208 |
| Title: | In-Flight Engine Start System (ASC-017D) |
| Abstract: | In high altitude aircraft, such as Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV's), secondary power systems have a limited potential for increasing electrical output. Employing the AE3007H platform as a test bed, American Technology & Services (ATS) proposes to evaluate several novel concepts in order to: - Develop increased power with minimum impact on the current design, - Provide in-flight restart capability at altitudes greater than 45,000 feet. Concurrently, ATS is proposing to evaluate the Affordability and Producibility of the alternatives, such that the final solution is technically sound and financially justifiable. Our proposed approach has been endorsed by Rolls-Royce Allison (p. 19), with whom ATS has a Non-disclosure agreement in place. The detailed design, component fabrication, and system demonstration and testing would be a part of a sequel Phase II SBIR project. |
| INNOVATIVE POWER SOLUTIONS, LLC
PO Box 730 Oakhurst, NJ 07755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 493-3680
Jim Widdis AF 00-208 |
| Title: | In-Flight Engine Start System (ASC-017D) |
| Abstract: | This document describes Innovative Power Solutions (IPS) proposal to provide a conceptual design for a 100HP Motor/Generator for the Global-Hawk. This unit is intended to supply electric power for the air vehicle and payload as well as starting capability for the AE3007H turbofan engine. Starting requirements include all expected operational environments including temperatures form -65 degrees Fahrenheit to 131 degrees Fahrenheit and altitudes from sea level to 65,000 feet. The design approach will incorporate the use of a Brushless AC Starter/Generator to provide the required electric power. In addition, to provide the required engine start capability, the system design will include a start unit, which incorporates a synchronous motor controller that, operating in conjunction with the AE3007H FADEC, will provide a controlled torque versus speed profile for the specified conditions. The air vehicle batteries will provide starting power for the engine. The use of available windmill assist to reduce battery drain per start will enhance in-flight restart capability. The start unit will also contain the circuitry required for generator control functions including voltage regulation and fault protection. |
| THERMAL MANAGEMENT & MATERIALS TECHNOLOG
4664 Vista De La Tierra Del Mar, CA 92014 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 665-2348
Daniel L. Vrable AF 00-209 |
| Title: | Space Based Radar Thermal Control |
| Abstract: | An innovative approach to achieve improved thermal control and near isothermal operation for Space-Based Radar antenna systems. The thermal control concept provides a totally passive approach to control the wide temperature swings between daylight and eclipse periods. The concept reduces the temperature variations experienced by the sensitive electronic components and significantly improves the dimensional distortions of the antenna phased-array aperture by reducing the temperature excursions and the gradients across the antenna structure. The thermal control concept utilizes a phase change material (PCM), which exploits its large latent heat capacity to effectively store thermal energy during the daylight/electronic power-on periods and extract heat during the eclipse/electronic power-off periods to maintain the structure temperature. The concept has several innovative features to enhance the thermal control of the antenna structure including: lightweight, high thermal conductivity Gr/epoxy face sheets (for improved thermal spreading); and a high latent heat capacity phase change material contained integrally within the antenna structure by a low density high thermal conductivity foam structure (for enhanced thermal transport between the PCM and structure). The overall design concept results in a weight efficient and highly effective thermal control approach that requires no additional parasitic power demands. |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 252-2706
Peter Bletzinger AF 00-210 |
| Title: | Drag and Thermal Load Reduction by Nonequilibrium Plasmas |
| Abstract: | Russian scientists have claimed reduction of drag in tests of supersonic flows when the leading surfaces were exposed to plasmas. This discovery may hold considerable prom-ise for high-speed flight and supersonic combustion. Tests in this country verified the modification of the shock structure and proved that in a nonequilibrium low-pressure plasma, these effects cannot be explained by thermal effects only. In this Phase I pro-posal, ISSI will analyze the existing experimental results and define the parameter space where nonequilibrium plasma generation and injection may significantly influ-ence shock behavior and high-speed flow. In support of the theoretical analysis, ex-periments will be designed to investigate the shock behavior and the plasma character-istics during shock propagation, including generation of volume, nonequilibrium low-pressure plasmas using DC or rf excitation and high-frequency dielectric barrier or externally ionized discharges. Pilot experiments will be performed during Phase I. During a subsequent Phase II program, a comprehensive theoretical model of the interaction of plasma and the flow field will be developed. Supporting experiments will be performed, and optimal electrical configurations for plasma generation will be established. Commercial applications for hypersonic flight systems will be investigated. |
| ATLAS SCIENTIFIC
713 San Conrado Ter. #1 Sunnyvale, CA 94086 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 507-0906
Ali Kashani AF 00-211 |
| Title: | 30 to 300W Coolers for Superconducting Power Systems |
| Abstract: | HTS generators and RF magnets will be the leading technologies for high electrical power systems in future DoD applications. Two single-stage pulse tube coolers operating at 65K and with respectively 30W and 300W of cooling power will be developed for these systems. The coolers use high frequency linear compressors to reduce their size and mass and can be integrated to conductively cool the HTS systems. |
| LYTEC LLC
1940 ELK RIVER DAM RD P. O. BOX 1581 TULLAHOMA, TN 37355 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(931) 393-4500
John T. Lineberry AF 00-211 |
| Title: | An MHD APU for Airborne Platforms |
| Abstract: | MHD power generation poses best means for high power, lightweight supply for airborne systems to power directed energy weapons (DEW). MHD has the highest power density of all competing power technologies and is available on demand for either continuous duty or repetitive pulse operation. State-of-the-art technology exists for realization of flightweight MHD power systems. This coupled with advances in HTSC and high temperature materials makes this system the best candidate power source for development for DEW's. This SBIR Phase I will address the feasibility of MHD power airborne platforms. Both conventional and advanced MHD power concepts will be screened. Studies will be conducted to define system criteria for different MHD power concepts including stand-alone combustion driven APUs , ram/scramjet coupled MHD power generators, ram driven MHD generators, and external hypersonic aircraft MHD power generation concepts. The results of these studies will define innovative airborne power concepts as applicable to Air Force flight missions. Phase I will perform feasibility study of MHD power concepts as applied to high speed aircraft platforms. It will define application and devices/systems for development in Phase II. Phase II will produce design criteria for a flight hardware targeted for a near term flight test program. |
| CDF ENGINEERING
PO BOX 807 Huntington Beach, CA 92648 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 969-2813
Caio A. Ferreira AF 00-212 |
| Title: | Power Electronics and Conditioning for Electrical Actuation |
| Abstract: | A silicon carbide (SiC) power inverter, with hight temperature, high efficiency, and high power density capabilities, is proposed for potential applications to electric actuation, electric propulsion, electric power generation, and electric power conditioning and conversion. The performance advantages of SiC over Si in power electronics applications include lower resistance devices (higher efficiency), higher junction temperature (higher reliability), and higher case temperature (eliminates need for active liquid cooling systems). This results in significant benefits at the vehicle level (aircraft, spacecraft, armored vehicles, hybrid vehicles, etc) because of the increase in system reliability, a decrease in maintenance and support equipment, and a reduction in weight and volume. The proposed effort focus on design, fabrication and testing of an engineering laboratory prototype SiC based power inverter to demonstrate the two main benefits of SiC devices, the increased operating frequency yielding less volume and elimination of active liquid cooling requirements resulting in higher reliability compared to a Si inverter. |
| ELTRON RESEARCH, INC.
4600 Nautilus Court South Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-0263
David R. Peterson AF 00-213 |
| Title: | Miniature Power Supply for MEMS Applications Based on a Simplified Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Design |
| Abstract: | This program addresses the development of a miniature solid oxide fuel cell power system which would be able to meet the power supply demands of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) as well as be on the same scale as them. This simplified fuel cell design will consist of placing the anode and cathode on the same side of the electrolyte and feeding a uniform gas mixture of the two reactants. The principle is that the difference in catalytic activity of the two electrodes for the oxidation and reduction half cell reactions will still result in an electromotive force (emf) between the two electrodes. High power outputs will be achieved by electrically connecting arrays of closely spaced, microscopic scale electrode pairs in series and in parallel. The emps of this work will be placed on examining various electrolyte and electrode materials as well as on testing different electrode configuration strategies. Electrolyte materials to be examined include those that possess properties likely to improve fuel cell performance for this application. The development of electrocatalysts will rely on finding materials which are selective for oxidation or for oxygen reduction. Also, the effect of electrode feature size, spacing, and configuration will be determined. |
| SYNCHRONY, INC.
7777 Bent Mountain Rd Roanoke, VA 24018 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 989-1541
Victor Iannello AF 00-214 |
| Title: | High Speed Power Generation Technology for Aerospace Vehicles |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the development of a spool-mounted starter-generator that is integrated with a radial magnetic bearing for future gas turbine engines. Innovations related to the switching algorithm, high temperature insulation system, and the magnetic structure leapfrog the performance and reliability of the state-of-the-art. The size of the magnetic bearing actuator may be reduced by about 40% due to the load sharing capability of the starter-generator. In Phase I, the feasibility will be demonstrated by numerical analyses, trade studies, and dynamic simulations. In Phase II, a prototypical system will be built and tested at prototypical engine conditions. |
| ADVANCED PROJECTS RESEARCH, INC.
1925 McKinley Avenue Suite B La Verne, CA 91750 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(909) 392-3151
Thomas H. Sobota AF 00-215 |
| Title: | Enabling Technology for High-Voltage High-Power Batteries |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the need for monitoring and control of charge and temperature at the cell level of battery energy storage systems. While battery energy storage systems based on any cell electrochemistry can benefit from this cell-wise monitoring and control, the lithium-ion electrochemistry requires cell-wise charge and thermal management. The proposed system specifically addresses the requirements of high-voltage (>24V) high power battery energy storage systems in several innovative ways. The modular approach, by providing sensors, charge management, and thermal management at each cell permits scaling of the system to any number of cells for any pack voltage. The system architecture provides voltage isolation for circuit protection and safety and it may be ap-plied to battery energy storage systems that employ a wide range of cell electrochemistries. The implementation is lightweight and provides a means for cost effective production in high volumes to ultimately serve commercial markets. The system is includes cell-level integral MEMS pressure sensor. The proposed technology has application to battery en-ergy storage systems for spacecraft, aircraft, weapons, electric vehi-cles, power quality management systems, and uninteruptable power sup-plies and other applications. APRI has assembled a multidisciplinary team with all of the requisite experience to engineer the proposed sys-tem. |
| ECOTECH
3239 MONIER CIRCLE, #4 RANCHO CORDOVA, CA 95742 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(916) 631-6310
Charles E. Grix AF 00-219 |
| Title: | Advanced Rocket Propulsion Technologies |
| Abstract: | The proposed approach will demonstrate a lower cost and safer method of manufacturing high performance solid rocket motors with a standard Isp of >245 lbfsec/lbm. This approach permits the motor case to be wound directly onto a porous mandrel propellant precursor composed of polymer beads. Methods for preparing these beads with the desired bulk density and forming them into a free standing, structurally sound, porous mandrel, will be determined. A motor case will be formed on this porous mandrel using epoxy impregnated fiberglass mat to demonstrate the process. One pound propellant grains to be tested will, however, be prepared in phenolic sleeves. The propellants will be prepared by infusing liquid oxidizer (based on hydroxylamine nitrate) into the porous grains. The cured grains will be performance tested in motors at the Thiokol facility in Elkton, MD. An analysis of the proposed overall manufacturing process will be made and compared to a conventionally prepared hypothetical solid rocket motor to determine the cost savings that can be achieved. |
| MAROTTA SCIENTIFIC CONTROLS, INC.
78 Boonton Ave. P.O. Box 427 Montville, NJ 07045 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 334-7800
Kevin Cust AF 00-219 |
| Title: | Advanced Rocket Propulsion Technologies |
| Abstract: | Several new launch vehicles programs (both reusable and expendable) and some spacecraft are considering the use of high concentration H2O2 as an oxidizer. While supporting preliminary design efforts on some recent applications such as X-37, Beal BA-1, Mockingbird and others, Marotta has observed that these current applications are in need of new valve technology. Current state of the art in H2O2 valving is either too heavy, too expensive, not reliable enough and/or being manufactured with materials of questionable compatibility (especially those applications which call for long term exposure). This is not surprising since almost all of the hardware which has been previously qualified for H2O2 service utilize decades old designs based on decades old compatibility information. Additionally, many of these designs have not been in production in many years, key suppliers have gone out of business and key personnel familiar with the designs and the H2O2 applications have retired from the industry. A new line valves specifically designed for today's H2O2 applications is greatly needed. |
| TDA RESEARCH, INC.
12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 940-2318
Bradley D. Hitch AF 00-219 |
| Title: | Hypergolicity Agents for H2O2 Bipropellants |
| Abstract: | Storable, hypergolic liquid bipropellants are attractive because of their high specific impulse, controllability, high reliability, and the improved vehicle dry mass fraction obtained by eliminating the engine ignition system, such as heterogeneous decomposition catalyst packs. In addition, non-toxic and easy to handle propellants are greatly desired for quick turnaround of reusable commercial launch vehicles as well as for use in ship-board missiles. Regrettably, proven high-performance hypergolic bipropellants such as NTO/MMH are highly toxic and difficult to handle. While the bipropellant combination of highly concentrated (>90%) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a high energy density hydrocarbon fuel such as JP-10, quadricyclane, or bicyclopropylidene is very good in terms of Isp, r-Isp, storability, ease of handling, and low toxicity, neat H2O2/hydrocarbon fuel mixtures alone are not hypergolic nor even particularly reactive. TDA therefore proposes to render these hydrocarbon fuels hypergolic with concentrated H2O2 through the addition of low-toxicity, air-stable, miscible fuel additives that combine homogeneous catalytic decomposition and combustion-promoting functions. If successful, this research could reduce ignition delay times to the millisecond level, enabling the removal of separate hydrocarbon/H2O2 bipropellant engine ignition systems and materially decreasing engine weight. |
| SIENNA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
19501 144th Avenue NE Suite F-500 Woodinville, WA 98072 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 485-7272
Ender Savrun AF 00-220 |
| Title: | High Temperature Catalyst for Nontoxic Monopropellants |
| Abstract: | Hydrazine monopropellants have been tested for post-boost propulsion systems on ICBMs and for divert propulsion on interceptors. Surveillance, early warning, communication, navigation, weather satellites for the U. S. armed services may be using hydrazine propulsion subsystems similar to those in commercial satellites. In addition, upper stages of launch vehicles placing USAF payloads into orbit use hydrazine monopropellants for roll control and propellant settling maneuvers prior to orbit insertion burns. There has been increasing concern about toxicity of hydrazine(s). Safety regulations have been tightened to the point where fueling at the launch site has become a significant part of the overall cost of a spacecraft launch. Nontoxic monopropellants as replacement for hydrazine promise faster and more economical fueling operations, resulting in lower life-cycle cost. Catalysts and thermal bed materials proposed here as an ignition technique promise to achieve the same reliability as that already demonstrated with hydrazine thrusters. The product of this SBIR has near-term applicability to USAF programs and ties in directly with nontoxic propellant thruster development in progress at other government centers and NASA contractors. |
| ULTRAMET
12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 899-0236
Arthur J. Fortini AF 00-220 |
| Title: | Catalysts and Catalyst Substrates for Advanced Monopropellants |
| Abstract: | The use of advanced monopropellants based on energetic liquid salts such as hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) or hydrazinium nitrate promise a number of improvements over conventional hydrazine propellant, chief among which are low toxicity and high chemical stability. Both of these benefits will significantly decrease overall use costs. However, energetic salt-based fuels are difficult to ignite. While this is an asset with respect to safety, it is a liability with respect to design. Furthermore, the higher-performance salt-based formulations yield combustion temperatures much higher than that of hydrazine, up to 2500 K in some cases; these extreme temperatures impose significant constraints on not only the catalyst, but on the support as well. In this project, Ultramet proposes to fabricate a catalyst bed for energetic salt-based monopropellants that will allow both low temperature ignition and long life at operating temperature. This novel monolithic catalytic ignition system will be based on the advanced monolithic catalyst (AMCAT) beds previously developed by Ultramet for HAN-, hydrazine-, and oxygen/hydrogen-fueled rocket engines. |
| SY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
5170 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Suite 240 Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 922-9095
Russell J. Shaw AF 00-221 |
| Title: | Attitude Control System for Laser Lightcraft |
| Abstract: | This proposal discusses two different but complementary approaches to an Attitude Control System for Laser Lightcraft. The first approach is to build and fire a novel prototype microthruster. This type of attitude control is attractive due to the small size of the thruster and associated electronics. The second approach is to control the plasma beneath the lightcraft. This approach is attractive since it keeps all the required propulsion components on the ground leaving room in the weight budget for more payload. In addition, the system can be used over and over again and is not expended along with the lightcraft. Phase I will help determine the effectiveness of each approach which will help determine which (or both) system is best suited for guiding the laser lightcraft into the proper low-earth orbit. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 622-5532
Margaret Roylance AF 00-222 |
| Title: | Lightweight, High-Temperature Thermoplastic Case and Motor Insulation for Solid Rocket Motors |
| Abstract: | Foster-Miller proposes to develop techniques for processing novel thermoplastic elastomers which incorporate inorganic additives and modifiers to produce an integral, functionally graded solid rocket motor (SRM) insulation and case. Foster-Miller will team with Thiokol Propulsion and Hybrid Plastics to apply proprietary polymer and polymer matrix composite processing techniques to meet the goals of the Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) initiative with regard to performance, cost and environmental impact. A series of novel formulations of thermoplastic elastomers will be evaluated for use as SRM insulation. These materials offer enhanced processability and decreased scrap rate to meet IHPRPT goals. Foster-Miller will work with Thiokol Propulsion and Hybrid Plastics to identified selected thermoplastic elastomers and to produce nanocomposites containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSSä) materials developed by Hybrid to enhance oxidative stability and flammability resistance. Foster-Miller will demonstrate the feasibility of producing integrated motor case structures using advanced techniques such as Ultrasonic Tape Lamination (UTL) and Counter Rotating Die (CRD) Technology. (p00439) |
| PROMET TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
23190 Del Lago Laguna Hills, CA 92653 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 583-9364
Albert Sickinger AF 00-223 |
| Title: | Rapid Prototyping of High Temperature Ceramic and/or Metal Liquid Rocket Engine (LRE) Combustion via Low Pressure Spray |
| Abstract: | The Low Pressure Spray (LPPS) technology is an attractive alternative to current state of fabrication for Liquid Rocket Engine (LRE) components. Successful application of LPPS techniques to LRE components will enable low-cost near-net shape production of articles such as thrust chambers, injectors, nozzles, and inserts. The choice of refractory materials useful for LRE applications depends on a number of factors including in part: i) chemical stability of the material systems in an high temperature (>2400deg.C) oxidizing environment, ii) relative thermal expansion of the material systems and between the liners and structural reinforcement composite, and iii) high temperature wear and erosion resistance. The objective of this proposal is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility to produce near theoretical density and largely stress-free refractory material coatings and to synthesize engineered material systems of interest to the rocket propulsion community using LPPS technology. Phase I research will be restricted to showing feasibility of producing tungsten (W) and rhenium (Re) metallic, and hafnium boride (HfB2) and hafnia (HfO2) ceramic coatings and 3-D nozzle liners, followed by structural reinforcement with an overwrapped low-cost carbon-carbon composite material. The technical objective of Phase II is the exploitation of this rapid prototyping processing technique to decrease the cost by >50% and manufacturing time by ~90% of these materials, making them attractive for applications in the auto, aircraft, medical, and general materials industries. |
| ARACOR
425 Lakeside Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94086 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 733-7780
Robert S. Frankle AF 00-224 |
| Title: | Extraction of Rocket Propellant Physical Properties Via Computed Tomography |
| Abstract: | The objective of this project is to develop enhanced capabilities to detect and evaluate aging of solid rocket motors (SRMs) by analyzing data from X-ray computed tomography (CT) inspection. Techniques for accurate and reliable numerical analysis of CT data will be developed. The proposed technical approach is to first process the data to minimize the effects of the CT inspection and then analyze the data to detect parameters indicative of propellant aging. A CT inspection databasewill be developed for data analysis and visualization. Capabilities for electronic transmittal and review of CT data (Tele-CT) will be developed to support real-time consultation with personnel at various sites. The proposed Phase I project will evaluate the feasibility of developing and applying the required capabilities. In Phase II, a prototype system with these capabilities will be created and delivered to OO-ALC at Hill AFB, for use at the Minuteman missile CT inspection facilities. |
| SKIAMETRICS, INC.
19 Glengarry Winchester, MA 01890 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 721-2908
Paul Burstein AF 00-224 |
| Title: | Extraction of Rocket Propellant Physical Properties Via Computed Tomography |
| Abstract: | Our Computed Tomography Materials Property (CTMP) program provides 3D information on materials properties of solid rocket motors. CTMP begins with a subscale experiment conducted on a 10 inch diameter inert rocket motor specimen of a special construction so that calibrated stresses, both tensile and compressive, can be applied externally. We utilize a high resolution area x-ray imager, originally delivered under the Air Force's IHPRPT program, to produce dimensional precision measurements of 1 part in 1,000,000, and very high accuracy density measurements in 3 dimensions. The reconstructed data are analyzed with software that contains specialized algorithms for high precision spatial resolution in intrinsic feature identification, recognition and location. CTMP is applied to aggregates of subcritical features, where the centroid of any volume element can be located. By identifying, locating, and following features and agglomerated volume elements in time, we derive a 3D map of the strain as a function of stress. This technique is extensible to large rocket motor CT data, with dimensional precisions of 1:100,000 inherent in existing data. The 3D data map of various moduli can be exported to a finite element modeling program. Team members include Skiametrics as prime, with Perceptics/Northrop and Alliant Techsystems as subcontractors. |
| JOHNSON ROCKETS
359 Fairview Drive Carson City, NV 89701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(775) 885-0112
Gary R. Nickerson AF 00-225 |
| Title: | Advanced Materials and Cooling Schemes for Rocket Engine Combustion Chambers |
| Abstract: | Due to their promise to reduce weight while at the same time accommodating higher combustion chamber heat fluxes and increasing component durability, transpiration cooled combustion chambers have been the focus of rocket propulsion research for decades. Research has shown that a major obstacle to producing a workable transpiration cooled chamber design for production rocket engines has been the large axial differences in pressure drop across the combustor. The problem results from using sintered liners that are ineffective at controlling the coolant mass flow. Sintered liners require porosity to be sized for the throat pressure drop. This sizing creates coolant flow rates that are too high in the barrel portion of the chamber and the diverging portion of the nozzle, resulting in pressure drop differences. These pressure drops require using higher transpiration coolant flow rates than theoretically required, negatively impacting engine performance. This project applies a new fabrication technology to the problem of pressure drop difference. Using a special fabrication process that enables metals such as copper, nickel, or stainless steel to be filled with cylindrical pores of precisely controlled dimensions and density, designers will be able to precisely control the porosity of the wall, thereby optimizing the coolant flow. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Joseph Martinez AF 00-225 |
| Title: | Novel Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Al Matrix Composites Over Dissimilar Materials for Combustion Chambers |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to combine a novel method that enables the cost-effective manufacturing of functionally graded metal matrix composites (MMC's) for casting aluminum MMC's over dissimilar materials for fabricating advanced rocket engine combustion chambers. This unique and innovative approach leverages Triton's experience with Enhanced Pressure Infiltration Casting (EPIC), a rapid, low-cost manufacturing method for MMC's, and recently demonstrated success in casting aluminum MMC's over steel and titanium. Triton has teamed with Boeing-Rocketdyne Propulsion and Power to adapt these technologies to produce a structural jacket with integral manifolding that will be cast over a copper liner. A Triton proprietary method for the production of a functionally graded, continuous-fiber-reinforced aluminum MMC will be used to produce a near-net-shape component with integral manifolding. Additional Triton proprietary technology will be utilized to create a compatible interface between the aluminum MMC structural jacket and the copper liner. This low-cost manufacturing method, the decreased part count due to integration of the structural jacket and manifolds and the decreased system weight due to the high specific strength of aluminum, is a combination of technologies that makes the next generation of advanced rocket engine combustion chambers a reality. |
| BUSEK CO., INC.
11 Tech Circle Natick, MA 01760 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 655-5565
Jeff Monheiser AF 00-226 |
| Title: | Micro-Newton Thrust Stand |
| Abstract: | With recent advances in microelectronics, the capabilities of progressively smaller satellites continue to increase. In contrast, the power levels available for propulsion do not increase correspondingly, thus the need to develop highly efficient micro-thrusters. To enable the design of these micro-thrusters and to quantify the performance of these devices, a micro-Newton thrust stand having a sub-micro-Newton resolution is required. Currently, no such device exists, so in the proposed multi-phase program, Busek Co. Inc. proposes to develop such a device. The design will include the use of novel apparatus to significantly reduce the effects of external forces, that in the current state of the art would overwhelm the thrust measurement. In the Phase I, Busek Co. Inc. plans to demonstrate the feasibility of the novel concept and in Phase II a complete system capable of measuring micro-Newton thrust levels with sub-micro-Newton resolution will be constructed. |
| MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP.
200 Yellow Place Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 631-3550
Lawrence R. Grzyll AF 00-227 |
| Title: | Demonstration of Safe-Solvent Replacements For CFC-113 For Cleaning Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Residues |
| Abstract: | This proposal involves the application of an innovative screening approach to identify, select, and demonstrate environmentally safe-solvent alternatives to CFC-113 for cleaning hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon residues from liquid and gaseous oxygen systems. A computational-chemistry-based screening tool will be used to develop quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) that correlate the molecular structure of solvents to key solvent properties. The value of this screening tool will be to use the QSPRs to accurately predict the key properties of untested replacement compounds and identify those compounds with the highest likelihood of having the desired properties, without having to incur the cost and time of laboratory evaluations of large numbers of expensive compounds. Those compounds that do show the most potential are then evaluated experimentally, validating the predictions and drastically reducing the time and expense of laboratory evaluations. |
| ENVIRONMENTAL AEROSCIENCE CORP.
7290 SW 42 Street Miami, FL 33155 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(305) 267-7588
Korey R. Kline AF 00-228 |
| Title: | Low Cost, High Performance Rocket Motor Technology |
| Abstract: | In the past several years there have been many attempts at developing a low-cost liquid or hybrid space launch size propulsion system. All of the systems share a common flaw in the lack of a reasonable and believable liquid feed system. When designing even small space launch systems the trade-off between heavy pressurized tanks verses the more traditional turbo pump feed systems with light weight propellant tanks, the choice has always been dictated by System cost rather than performance. Various clever schemes such as heated helium have been employed to pressurize liquid feed tanks, however none of these systems have proved workable in large-scale weight requirements or demonstrated flights. It as occurred to us that the development of a truly low-cost and simple turbo pump liquid feed system for both storable and cryogenic propellants could facilitate the development of several low-cost launch system designs. A low cost turbopump fed system integrated into hybrid propulsion designs offers many of the inherent advantages of hybrid motors such as improved storage, deployment and long term stability. Because the oxidizer is stored separately from the fuel component until use, the need to compound the oxidizer with the appropriate fuel/binder system is eliminated. In addition, mass fraction is improved by eliminating high-pressure tanks and pressurization systems. Such a system could also incorporate temperature-sensing devices at the fuel/case insulation interface that could initiate a controlled burn termination sequence. This could reduce case insulation requirements and further improve mass fraction. |
| W. E. RESEARCH LLC
4360 San Juan Ct Rosamond, CA 93560 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(661) 275-6795
John Schilling AF 00-229 |
| Title: | Micro Propulsion Technology Development |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to develop and test an advanced micro pulsed plasma thruster suitable for TechSat21, with substantially higher energy and propellant efficiency than current designs, resulting in correspondingly higher operational performance (i.e. thrust and specific impulse). The purposed thruster will be coaxial and 1/20th the size of current models. With this geometry change and scaling down of the thruster there is a corresponding decrease in the mass and volume of the support electronics. |
| ACELLENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
562 Weddell Drive, Suite 4 Sunnyvale, CA 94089 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 745-1121
Louis Dagba AF 00-230 |
| Title: | A Built-In Active Sensing Structural Diagnostic (BASSD) System for Rocket Motors |
| Abstract: | It is proposed to develop a cost-effective innovative Built-In Active Sensing Structural Diagnostic (BASSD) system for monitoring the health of Solid Rocket Motors using embedded piezoelectric sensors. The development of the BASSD system is primarily based on the SMART layer concept invented by Acellent Technologies. United Technologies Corporation has expressed significant interest in such a monitoring system and has offered technical support for the proposed SBIR Phase I program. The BASSD system will consist of a SMART layer for monitoring the condition of the motorcase, a SMART cable for monitoring the condition of the solid fuel, a SMART suitcase for collecting information, and intelligent software for processing the information. Both the SMART layer and the SMART cable use active piezoelectric sensors, which have advantages over conventional passive sensors (strain, stress, fiber optic, MEMS, etc.) because they are able to input a controlled diagnostic signal to actively interrogate the structure. The BASSD system can be used to monitor cracks and voids in the solid fuel, debonds between the liner and the fuel, delaminations in the composite motor case, and other types of damage. Once completed, the BASSD system could potentially provide real-time automated inspection, reduce maintenance cost, and improve rocket reliability. |
| COMPOSITEX
7117 Boulder Way Frisco, TX 75034 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 712-0241
Daniel J. Moser AF 00-231 |
| Title: | Highly-Simplified Micro-Spacecraft Propulsion Development |
| Abstract: | Compositex proposes to develop and demonstrate a chemical propulsion system for small spacecraft. The proposed system combines the Isp performance of a bipropellant system with the simplicity and ease of operation of a monopropellant system. When compared to existing systems, it offers improved safety, reliability, performance, and cost effectiveness. Both the fuel and oxidizer are storable, non-toxic, non-hypergolic, low-freezing point liquids. The high-density propellants are contained within a single, lightweight filament-wound composite tank, enabling a propellant mass fraction of over 90%. The propulsion system effectively provides both spacecraft main propulsion and attitude control functions. A proof-of-concept prototype system will be designed, fabricated, and static tested under this proposed Phase I effort. This prototype system will includes 100 lbf thrust main engine, a 5 lbf thrust attitude control engine, a 20 liter composite propellant tank, and all associated plumbing, valves, actuators, and instrumentation. |
| ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC.
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 573-6300
Manish Sutaria AF 00-232 |
| Title: | C3 Composites For Boost Engine Nozzles |
| Abstract: | The goal of this program is to develop an innovative, rapid and low-cost manufacturing technique to produce critical high temperature structural ceramic materials for propulsion related components, such as turbopump components, injectors, thrust chambers, ducts and nozzles for use in liquid, solid and hybrid propellant rockets. Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc. (ACR) has the technical expertise to develop the technology necessary to fabricate propulsion material(s) that will be able to demonstrate excellent ablation and oxidation resistance at temperatures approaching 3000°C coupled with adequate load bearing capability, non-catastrophic failure modes, and be able to withstand transient thermal shock. Current and future propulsion technologies will require novel high temperature materials to meet Airforce goals of increased efficiency and reduced weight and costs. Airforce desires materials to operate at temperatures up to 3000°C, while maintaining excellent thermal, physical and mechanical properties. |
| SIGTEM TECHNOLOGY, INC.
113 Clover Hill Lane Harleysville, PA 19438 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 513-9477
Chun Yang AF 00-235 |
| Title: | Frequency-Domain Adaptive Antenna Processing for GPS Jam Suppression and Attitude Determination |
| Abstract: | Two technological innovations are proposed in the framework of a unique frequency-domain GPS receiver architecture for GPS jam suppression and attitude determination. The first innovation is a frequency-domain blind adaptive processing technique used to steer nulls to suppress both narrowband and wideband jammers. The second innovation is a new concept of angle-locked loop (ALL) based upon frequency-domain digital beamforming and spatial processing for attitude determination. This will lead to a frequency-domain GPS receiver as a genuine navigation sensor that will provide the full six degrees of freedom (6DOF) position and attitude plus timing information. In Phase I, the proposed concepts will be formulated, analyzed, and simulated in computer for performance prediction and engineering tradeoff. In Phase II, the Phase I approach will be implemented into an operational prototype for testing and demonstration. |
| KERNCO, INC.
28 Harbor Street Danvers, MA 01923 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 777-1956
Martin Levine AF 00-237 |
| Title: | Ultraminiature Laser-Based Atomic Clocks (ULAC) |
| Abstract: | As navigation accuracy, code encryption and data transmission rate requirements become more critical, it is a requirement that a suitable timing device be at the heart of the system. A Ultraminiature Laser-Based Atomic Clock (ULAC) will be a necessity to realize the stringent size, weight, and system performance requirements. While many solutions may exist, two technologies that appear to be the most viable for the ULAC application are: Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) and conventional Intensity Optical Pumping (IOP). It is inappropriate at this time to attempt to directly compare the relative merits of the various technologies as applied to a ULAC concept since existing data has been accumulated under widely varying conditions and incompatible environments. The IOP approach to the ULAC has previously been developed in prototype units with limited success. This SBIR Phase I program will provide further advances in the art of ultraminiature atomic clocks by: direct comparison of CPT and IOP technologies, selection of the optimum candidate, and fabrication of a demonstration unit. The natural follow-on to this effort would be a Phase II SBIR to demonstrate a prototype unit capable of interfacing with multiple application platforms which would allow simultaneous pursuit of DoD and Commercial applications. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.
11400 West Olympic Blvd. Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 954-2210
Don Woods AF 00-238 |
| Title: | Automatic Cartographic Data Translation and Registration |
| Abstract: | The Air Force needs the capability to land aircraft at any suitable landing site worldwide, in any weather conditions, and on short notice. This requires the development of instrument approach procedures (IAPs)for areas where there is no current knowledge of obstruction locations and heights, and where terrain data coverage may not be adequate. The IAPs must comply with the terrain and obstacle clearance requirements of the FAA, ICAO, or other governing agency. The Phase I effort will be to design an automated, near real-time data integration system that interoperates with existing and future automated approach design programs, such as the USAF AFTERPS-R. The system architecture will include four processes: (1) Given the current cartographic data, determine and prioritize the data required for IAP design, (2) allocate available collection assets and design plans to collect the data, (3) acquire, transform, and integrate the collected data with existing cartographic and remote sensing data, and (4) interface the integrated data in an automated instrument approach and departure procedure development workstation. The result will be a top-level architecture for an automated IAP data acquisition system. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
2 Research Place Suite 202 Rockville, MD 20850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 590-3155
Chi-Keung Kwan AF 00-239 |
| Title: | A single Chip Solution for Fusion of LWIR and MMW Array Outputs |
| Abstract: | Novel sensors are proposed to perform for detection in two separate wavebands within a single integrated circuit. LWIR sensing is achieved within a single or double quantum well at a modulation-doped interface by intersubband absorption between the first bound state and the continuum. The charge at a quantum well inversion-channel interface is depleted by the input light and the emitted charge is removed through the forward-biased gate contact. The detected signal is proportional to the charge deficiency and a differential amplifier converts to the desired output. The readout technique may be a CCD with a single output amplifier or an active pixel array with column by column readout. MMW sensing is accomplished with a novel technique in which the the dark current within the active pixel is the thermally sensitive mechanism. The pixels are formed in pairs and only one side is exposed to thermal radiation. The charges are transferred to the balanced inputs of a differential amplifer which produces an output proportional to the input radiation intensity. The proximity of the two cells and the differential input provides high common mode rejection to reduce multiple noise sources. A monolithic optoelectronic GaAs circuit technology is proposed to achieve the single chip solution. A single epitaxial growth and fabrication sequence produce the modulation-doped structures to implement both arrays based upon the HFET device. Standard floating diffusion and floating gate structures convert charge to voltage. In this SBIR, the focus will be on demonstrating and characterizing both detector structures within the technology framework. |
| SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP.
4027 Colonel Glenn Highway Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9008
Todd Grimes AF 00-240 |
| Title: | High Speed/Resolution Parallel Delta Sigma ADCs |
| Abstract: | Systran Federal Corporation (SFC), proposes a Parallel Delta Sigma (PDS) Architecture for use in defense systems requiring a high speed/high resolution Analog-to-Digital conversion (ADC). As jamming-to-signal ratios increase, an alternative to the limitations of today's ADC architectures is required. Current requirements mandate ADC of reaching 100 MSPS, 16-bits of resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 90dB, and a low power draw of 100mW. The combination of parallelism and recent advances with PDS can provide the architecture to reach the desired specifications. In Phase I we will investigate PDS techniques to develop the optimal ADC configuration. Simulations of the selected configuration will be performed and it will be implemented in Phase II. Devices resulting from Phase III would find uses in the communications, data I/O, and military markets. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 768-7677
Anthony Wilson AF 00-241 |
| Title: | Radiation Tolerant Field Programmable Mixed-Signal Array |
| Abstract: | A proposal is made for the design, demonstration, and productization of a radiation tolerant field programmable mixed-signal array (RT-FPMA) suitable for space and terrestrial applications. Phase 1 activities include evaluation and selection of an RT-FPMA architecture, demonstration of the RT-FPMA interconnect technology, and evaluation and selection of CAD support tools for RT-FPMA configuration. The proposal is based on the application of the following five enabling technologies: Mission Research Corporation's (MRC) hardened-by-design (HBD) technology that permits radiation hardened CMOS circuits to be fabricated at a commercial foundry; MRC's digital FPGA architecture and configuration software that provides the basis for the radiation hardened digital portion of the FPMA; MRC's patented temporal latch technology for SEU hardening; laser formed metallic connections that provide the basis for high quality programmable interconnects needed for programmable analog arrays; and a high performance BiCMOS process that provides the semiconductor technology for fabrication of the RT-FPMA. |
| HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP.
12 Elizabeth Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-3343
Mitchell Shifrin AF 00-242 |
| Title: | Low Power InP MMICs for Low Noise Receivers |
| Abstract: | In large phase array antenna systems, the power dissipation in the receiver becomes a limiting factor, as the small space between array elements limits the heat dissipation allowed in the space. This problem becomes more pronounced at millimeter wave frequencies, as the spacing between elements is further reduced. One of the most promising approaches to overcome this problem is to develop T/R modules using indium phosphide (InP), as InP devices provide the low noise performance at millimeter wave frequencies at very low drain bias. This proposal is addressed to the need to develop a low-noise receiver front end for a millimeter wave phased array using an advanced InP process. In addition to the low-noise amplifier (LNA), which is the most critical element of the receiver chain, the proposal also describes Hittite's design approach for phase shifter and attenuator circuits built in InP. A preliminary assessment shows that the power dissipation in a receiver chain may be reduced by 50% compared to a similar T/R module built in GaAs. Hittite Microwave Corporation is a "fabless" semiconductor supplier with access to a variety of advanced processes including GaAs, Si, Si-Ge and InP. For the proposed program, Hittite will rely on the InP process available at TRW. This proposal outlines Hittite's design approach for InP LNAs and other receiver components. |
| CUSTOM MANUFACTURING & ENGINEERING
2904 44th Avenue North St. Petersburg, FL 33714 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 548-0522
Mark Strain AF 00-243 |
| Title: | Antenna Control Computer for TT&C Phased Array Antenna |
| Abstract: | The overall objective of this effort is to develop and demonstrate a low-cost processor and associated software that will provide phased array antenna control in support of satellite tracking, telemetry and commanding (TT&C) operations such as the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN). Phased array antenna offers improved performance over the existing parabolic dish antenna presently used in ground stations for satellite control. However, high phased array cost due to stringent TT&C requirements prevent it from adapting for satellite control application. There is no computer in existence today that can support control of phased array antenna for TT&C operation. Teamed with our partner Ball Aerospace for this project in cooperation with the Air Force, CME will deliver a design at the end of Phase I, for a low-cost antenna control computer. CME and Ball Aerospace recently demonstrated actual hardware and software for a phased array antenna to prove that a low-cost approach was feasible with the transmit/receive modules integrated into the aperture along with portions of the beamforming network to achieve a higher level of integration. During Phase I, CME will develop all requirements for a controller approach, conduct a trade analysis of the candidates, and design candidate software architectures. The antenna control computer will be designed to perform phased array antenna monitoring and control, diagnostics, beam steering, scheduling, and command and control functions. The antenna control computer will a GUI interface for the satellite ground station control network as well as input/output units for operator interface. |
| HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP.
12 Elizabeth Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-3343
Mitchell Shifrin AF 00-244 |
| Title: | Low Cost T/R Module for TT&C Phased Array Antenna |
| Abstract: | In today's advanced phased array antennae, an active transmit/receive (T/R) module is used with every radiating element. A T/R module is typically a MMIC assembly made of amplifiers and a phase shifter. For low-cost production of T/R modules and low-cost operation of phased array radars, design concepts for T/R modules must be improved to reduce the parts cost and assembly labor and easy replacement without disruption of the radar operation. This proposal is addressed to those needs and describes Hittite's approach for implementation of low-cost T/R modules. The proposed approach is based on maximum utilization of available low-cost MMICs, development of unique MMICs for further cost reduction, and development of low-cost, multi-chip, ball-grid array (BGA) type of packages for easy assembly and replacement. Hittite Microwave Corporation is a developer of highly integrated MMICs with an established record of high volume production of packaged MMICs for both commercial and military applications. Hittite offers some commercial mixers and switches for less than $1 and supplies fully integrated low-cost transceivers to the military end users. |
| ALPHA OMEGA ELECTROMAGNETICS, LLC
24 Cascade Road Arnold, MD 21012 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 626-7682
Robert G. Schmier AF 00-245 |
| Title: | Affordable Beamforming Network for TT&C Phased Array Antenna |
| Abstract: | Satellites are linked to an earth station by transmitting and receiving a microwave beam through antennas. The current antennas of choice for earth stations are parabolic reflector antennas such as those used for tracking telemetry and control (TT&C) for the AFSCN. These antennas are required to have horizon-to-horizon, full-hemispherical coverage and often several antennas are required at each remote tracking station site. A single active hemispherical phased array antenna composed of flat-panel subarrays could replace all the reflector antennas at a remote tracking station site. The objective of this SBIR effort is to develop and demonstrate the technical feasibility of a low-cost beamforming network (BFN) that will meet the requirements for TT&C in satellite control operations. The feed network is responsible for distributing radio frequency (RF) power to, and combining RF signals from, individual transmit/receive (T/R) modules and it must accommodate multiple independent transmit and receive beams with full duplex operation. Alpha Omega Electromagnetics, LLC (AOE) will employ proprietary finite element and moment method electromagnetic simulation software to develop and accurately predict the BFN performance for AFSCN applications. The results of this investigation will yield low-cost BFN technology that is suitable for implementation in an AFSCN subarray. The technology will be demonstrated with hardware during Phase II of this effort. |
| NAVSYS CORP.
14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 481-4877
Sheryl Atterberg AF 00-246 |
| Title: | Miniaturized Antenna Array for GPS Anti-Jam Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR effort is to develop a miniature Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) containing at least 7 elements using NAVSYS Mini-Array technology. The proposed antenna array shall be capable of working with current antenna electronics units, such as the GAS-1 AE, and will be packaged within a 5.3" form factor diameter. In Phase I, a prototype shall be built of a 7-element L1 CRPA Mini-Array based on our existing 4-element Mini-Array design. Measurements shall be made of the prototype CRPA Mini-Array performance to determine the antenna patterns, VSWR and mutual coupling. Test data will also be collected of the CRPA operating with NAVSYS' digital array antenna electronics module. This test data will be analyzed for compatibility with existing antenna electronics, such as the GAS-1, and the test data will be used to develop a design for a dual frequency (L1/L2) CRPA Mini-Array to be delivered under the Phase II effort. In Phase II a breadboard CRPA L1/L2 Mini-Array will be fabricated and tested with GFE antenna electronics in an anechoic chamber to demonstrate the A/J performance provided. The CRPA Mini-Array will be delivered for use in jammer field trials by our customer. |
| CENTER FOR REMOTE SENSING, INC.
11350 Random Hills Rd. Suite 710 Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 385-7717
Suman Ganguly AF 00-248 |
| Title: | Re-Configurable Fractal Based Plasma Antenna |
| Abstract: | Conventional antenna concepts do not allow truly broadband beam control. This proposal describes a plan to design and develop reconfigurable broadband antennas which can be embedded in aircrafts or other platforms. To achieve reconfigurability, we propose to use fractal elements which can be formed (wholly or partly) by using plasma columns. Plasma columns can be switched on or off almost instantaneously and will provide control over the antenna patterns and other characteristics. Plasma columns will also offer stealthy operation. Proposed effort will allow us to design and develop various innovative antennas covering a wide range of frequencies for numerous airborne and spaceborne applications. |
| SICOM, INC.
7585 E. Redfield Road, Suite 2 Scottsdale, AZ 85260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 607-4812
Bradley Badke AF 00-249 |
| Title: | Digital Receiver with Multichannel Optimal Detection |
| Abstract: | SiCOM proposes to develop a low-complexity, high-performance ESM digital receiver module based on SiCOM's revolutionary Self-Similar Optimal Detection (SODET) technique. SODET offers a solution to a classic problem in conventional ESM receivers: optimal signal detection requires a detection bandwidth matched to the signal, so any system which must process many signal types with many different parameters must use an impracticably large number of processing bandwidths. The conventional solution is to use a small number of bandwidths (usually one) to keep within physical and cost constraints, resulting in excessive sensitivity loss for most signals. SODET dynamically optimizes the detection bandwidth for any signal, detecting every signal with negligible degradation from optimal sensitivity, regardless of its signal bandwidth. In Phase I SiCOM will design a digital receiver module that balances the conflicting requirements of high spurious-free dynamic range, ADC performance, wide bandwidth, power, size, and cost. SiCOM will also develop a simulation model to predict, simulate, and demonstrate the performance against a postulated set of battlespace signals. In Phase II, SiCOM will develop and test a field-programmable gate-array (FPGA)-based breadboard SODET-based digital receiver module, and in Phase III SiCOM will develop a digital receiver using an ASIC-based SODET Processor. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Charles Garvin AF 00-250 |
| Title: | Hierarchical laser radar data fusion and recognition algorithms for long-range combat target identification |
| Abstract: | A novel approach to long-range combat identification is proposed that fuses 1D and 3D shape echo data with unresolved and range-resolved vibrometry to provide a robust Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) capability to meet Air Force Combat ID objectives. CTI's eyesafe LADAR is capable of acquiring shape and vibration signatures at long stand-off ranges. Range and micro-Doppler data will be fused to provide high-confidence target ID where a single modality fails to recognize. Shape signature precision will be 0.3 m (or better) and micro-Doppler precision better than 0.05 cm/sec/root Hz. Unprecedented low probability of misidentification and low probability of false alarm rates may be possible using fused shape and vibration signatures. Additional target characteristics probed by the advanced agile ladar waveforms will be studied. Combining active sensing of vibration and scale discriminants provides the ability to counteract the effects of camouflage, concealment & deception as well as the influence of clutter that may defeat the separate use of passive, RF and mm-wave sensors. The Phase I Program examines the fusion of shape and micro-Doppler signatures, which will be extracted from existing government & CTI proprietary databases and generated using an existing CTI micro-Doppler signature simulator. Tests on fusion-based ATR will be used to predict classification performance using fused shape and vibrometry data from available target signatures. System level requirements and methods for the combination of shape and micro-Doppler data with radar (non-imaging & imaging) & passive IR for a complete sensor perspective ATR will be developed to lead to advanced hierarchical data fusion capabilities and ATR in Phase II |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
75 Aero Camino, Suite A Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Matthew Ressler AF 00-250 |
| Title: | Recognition Algorithms for Combat Identification |
| Abstract: | The ability to identify vehicles with high confidence and track them with great persistence and accuracy is a crucial part of solving the Air-to-Surface Combat ID (A/S CID) problem. Toyon proposes to develop an innovative moving ground target identification algorithm that uses both range and Doppler information from a High Range Resolution Moving Target Indicator (HRRMTI) sensor. The range and Doppler information will be fused using a Bayesian Network. Toyon proposes to show the feasibility of fusing ID information from the new algorithm with track information. The benefit of fusing both range / Doppler ID and track information will be demonstrated using an existing Feature Aided Tracking (FAT) testbed developed at Toyon. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Charles Garvin AF 00-251 |
| Title: | Remote vibrometry sensor design & demonstration for long-range NCTID of aircraft and ground targets |
| Abstract: | Simultaneous and spatially co-registered measurement of 1D and 3D shape echo data with range-resolved vibrometry acquired from an adaptive waveform coherent LADAR provide a robust capability to meet Air Force objectives in non-cooperative combat target identification. CTI's eyesafe LADAR is capable of acquiring shape and vibration signatures at long stand-off ranges (to 20 km or more). Range and micro-Doppler images can be fused to provide high-confidence target ID where a single modality fails to recognize. Owing to the short pulse times and inter-pulse delay of the agile-waveform ladar, shape signature precision will be 0.3 m (or better) and micro-Doppler precision better than 0.05 mm/sec/root Hz, including the platform and atmospheric effects. These ladar waveform characteristics can provide unprecedented low probability of misidentification and low probability of false alarm rates by using fused shape and vibration signatures. Simultaneous measurement of vibration and scale discriminants enables their combination to enhance the ability of an active sensor to counteract the effects of camouflage, concealment & deception and clutter that can defeat the separate use of passive, RF and mm-wave sensors. The Phase I Program examines the acquisition of shape and micro-Doppler signatures and their simulation using a physics-based coherent ladar model. Simulator validation experiments will be performed using in-house agile-pulse coherent laser radar hardware. System level requirements and methods will be developed for the simultaneous measurement of shape and micro-Doppler data; when these data are fused with radar (non-imaging & imaging) & passive IR, they can provide a complete sensor perspective. |
| ROBERT GOLD ASSOC.
12251 Richwood Drive Los Angeles, CA 90049 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 440-9827
Robert Gold AF 00-252 |
| Title: | Modern Network Command and Control Warfare (Compass Call Block 40 Improvements) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this effort is to investigate and develop new concepts and technology in modern network command and contrl warefare. More specifically to enhance the capability of the Air Force to detect, de-interleave, and predict the frequency hopping schemes used by non-cooperative communicators in a network for the purpose of conducting electronic warfare.The proposed effort is distinguished from past accomplishments in this area. It addresses the heretofore unresolved problem of determining the required code generator logic that will allow the monitor to replicate the hopping pattern of the hostile or uncooperative target using only the time of arrival data of the hopped signal.The goal is to give the monitor the analysis tools that will enable him to configure, in real time and without the need for a priori information about the target hopper, an equivalent frequency hopping system that will replicate the hop pattern of a non-cooperative or hostile target. The solution to the problem to be addressed in this proposed effort will be a major step in providing the Air Force with the vitally important real time tools required to counter and exploit these non-cooperative or hostile signals. |
| TACAN CORP.
2330 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 438-1010
Paul H. Young AF 00-253 |
| Title: | 20 GHz Low Voltage Linear Laser Modulator for RF Distribution |
| Abstract: | TACAN Corporation proposes a novel low-voltage 20 GHz continuous bandwidth electro-optic modulator based on nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer materials. Our proposed approach will be based on TACAN's recent experimental success in achieving 0.8 V halfwave voltage in a novel Mach-Zehnder modulator. Optical push-pull will be used to reduce the half-wave voltage to less than 1 volt. The application of our unique nonlinear cladding layer technology can, in itself, reduce the half-wave voltage by thirty percent. Our three-dimensional adiabatic tapered waveguide transitions together with cylindrical lensed fiber will result in low optical interface loss. Novel optoelectronic signal processing for distortion correction and high dynamic range will accommodate analog RF signals and a wide range of digital modulation formats that require system linearity. The potential for commercial applications is excellent, and high optical power throughput with low losses, high dynamic range, small size, and low cost will satisfy both military and commercial requirements, and fit TACAN's present and continuing marketing and sales agenda. |
| LSA
1215 Jefferson Davis Highway Suite 1300 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(610) 363-5808
David Warner AF 00-255 |
| Title: | Laser Navigation Aid |
| Abstract: | It is sometimes necessary to land aircraft at remote locations under reduced visibility in RF silence and without administrative or other logistic support. The covertness of a rugged, eyesafe laser rangefinder system would help guide unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and other aircraft to a safe, stealthy landing. We propose a low-cost, eye-safe laser navigation aid system that provides acquisition and ranging of runway locations and altitude information for aircraft landings at unfamiliar or radio-silent locations. A key feature of our design concept is that it is flexible and can provide a variety of system performance levels depending on user and application requirements. These low-cost advanced features include covert rangefinding, optically secure communications, and autonomous landing. The baseline system will provide acquisition and ranging of runway locations to an accuracy of less than 1 meter. |
| TENSION SYSTEMS L.L.C.
114 Stoneway Trail Madison, AL 35758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 658-8222
Philip R. Cox AF 00-255 |
| Title: | Laser Navigation Aid |
| Abstract: | We propose to build a prototype laser navigation aid for aircraft acquiring unimproved airstrips. Our system consists of collapsible fabric retroreflectors runway markers that are illuminated from the approaching aircraft by a pulsed, 903 nm eyesafe laser diode. Laser echoes from the reflectors are measured spatially by a filtered CMOS image sensor and temporally by a PIN photodiode. Digital Signal Processing is used to separate noise echoes from the reflector echoes and to overlay a video image from a low light or thermal image sensor with retroreflector range and position information. The composite video is then displayed to the aircraft pilots as required. The device is built of COTS parts integrated for this specific application - no specific, unique hardware is required. |
| SONOMA DESIGN GROUP
400 Breezewood Dr. Geyserville, CA 95441 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(707) 857-2010
Allan Voigt AF 00-256 |
| Title: | Low Cost Electro-Optical Reconnaissance Sensor System |
| Abstract: | The development of high altitude, long standoff UAVs for the Air Force creates the need for high performance long standoff gimbaled optical sensor systems that are significantly more cost effective than previous generations originally developed for more expensive manned reconnaissance aircraft. To obtain high performance and low cost we have combined a modular approach to the system design with the use of COTS sensors and electronics. The sensors and electronics are housed in an elegant, low parts count, simple to manufacture gimbal system. The gimbal can easily be scaled to a range of gimbal sizes typical of those required for Air Force applications. This will represent a breakthrough product combining unprecedented gimbaled sensor performance and low cost. We intend to build this system for one-third to one-half the cost of current systems. The Government will realize very substantial cost savings from fielding these systems.Sonoma Design Group has formed a team of capable companies to carry the effort from design to production. During Phases I and II, SDG will do the initial system design and fabrication. Upon completion of Phase II, our team will carry the reconnaissance system into production. |
| SPACE COMPUTER CORP.
12121 Wilshire Boulevard Suite 910 Los Angeles, CA 90025 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 481-6000
William E. Schaff AF 00-256 |
| Title: | Low Cost Electro-Optical Reconnaissance Sensor System |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the design and development of an affordable yet high-performance electro-optical (EO) reconnaissance system which operates in the visible to near-infrared wavelength region, and which can be deployed at high altitude on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The proposed approach is to use relatively low-cost, commercially-available optical components (such as a small, inexpensive digital camera) in conjunction with real-time, on-board signal processing to produce high-quality, hyperspectral imagery. Space Computer Corporation recently demonstrated the potential of this approach during airborne tests conducted as part of the CMO-funded Tactical Real-Time Image Processing Spectrograph (TRIPS) project. Under the proposed SBIR program (including Phase II) we will carry out the development and integration of a compact EO sensor and processor, package them for deployment on a high- (or medium-) altitude UAV, and demonstrate their combined utility as a pushbroom imaging and target-location system. In the Phase I study effort, we will survey commercially-available optical and processor components, establish system and subsystem design requirements, develop baseline algorithm and software specifications, and develop a plan for integrating the sensor/processor system with existing UAV inertial and telemetry systems. |
| SSG, INC.
65 Jonspin Road Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9991
Michael I. Anapol AF 00-256 |
| Title: | Next Generation Staring Reconnaissance Sensor |
| Abstract: | SSG is proposing a low cost, next generation high altitude/long range Staring Reconnaissance sensor that provides a smaller overall size, weight and power solution with significant improvements over current gimballed whiskbroom and limited FOV pushbroom approaches; e.g., simpler LOS control at very high precision; high agility multi-mode coverage capability; high resolution imaging and high sensitivity even with a reduced aperture size due to longer stare time and sub-pixel image processing using microscan techniques; and inherent athermal operation over non controlled UAV temperature excursions. Lower cost can be achieved due to a smaller aperture size; advanced SiC telescope manufacturing techniques including bolt together construction; and utilization of commercially available optical encoders, fog gyros and large area digital 2 D CCD arrays with internal image processing and electronic stabilization control. The integration of several key enabling technologies will dramatically improve mission performance and utility, while significantly lowering payload cost. Key technologies include (1) commercially available, large 2 D visible CCD arrays (9000 x 9000 format) with integrated on chip multi-color operation using striped filters and electronic processing; (2) ultralightweight, thermally stable SiC reflective telescope (Vis to IR for day/night operation); (3) sub microradian LOS control over wide Fields of Regard using an inertially stabilized pointing mirror with a highly innovative optical fringe counting encoder (<20 nrad LSB resolution) and smart bearings; (4) sub-pixel image enhancement algorithms combined with a microscan mode; and (5) potential integration of a wide FOV hyperspectral imaging spectrometer for improved target detection against highly cluttered and camouflaged scenes. Phase 1 will develop the preliminary design of the staring Reconn sensor with supporting analyses to validate overall performance and cost advantages. Phase 2 will develop prototype(s) of the key enabling technology subsystem(s), preferably as flight demos. SSG has already obtained very strong commercial support from Emerge (a Division of TASC that distributes commercial remote sensing data products), who is planning to commit matching Phase 2 funding for a next generation commercial airborne digital camera. |
| DATA FUSION CORP.
10190 Bannock Street Suite 246 Northglenn, CO 80234 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(720) 872-2145
Wolfgang Kober AF 00-257 |
| Title: | Global Reference Information Management |
| Abstract: | Data Fusion Corporation (DFC) and The Boeing Company propose the development of an integrated package of simulation software tools, called GRIMSIM, suitable for analyzing the performance of space-based imaging and other sensors for "location fusion". This will involve combining elements of DFC's Orbital Tracking Toolbox and RMASIM with Boeing's TRIMSIM. These software packages are briefly described in Section 3.5 and more extensive details appear in Section 5.1. Phase-I _ We will develop software modules to simulate SAR, IFSAR, and bistatic data collection from space-based platforms. Phase-II _ We will use the software tools developed under Phase-I to identify and test reference system technologies required for precisely registering remotely sensed data with data from onboard sources and/or other off-board sources. We will investigate and define candidate space-based SAR imaging capabilities for target location based on IFSAR, stereo SAR, and bistatic SAR. Phase-III _ Dual use applications will involve environmental and geophysical monitoring and military surveillance and reconnaissance applications requiring precise registration of imagery from airborne and space platforms and their use with terrain data sources. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Charles Garvin AF 00-258 |
| Title: | Architecture & Cell Design for Coherent FLIR-Laser Radar FPA |
| Abstract: | Non-cooperative target identification (NCTID) is crucial to the support of all major mission areas of the modern Air Force. Multi-function sensor suites for ground and air NCTID have been shown to provide force multiplication, and to increase the survivability of forces by extending the reach of even numerically inferior forces. The modern Air Force needs affordable "through-the-gunsight" sensor functionality that is integratable with fire-control & countermeasures systems. These sensor suites must collect time-synchronous situational awareness data relevant to the varied missions of military aircraft (surveillance, support, strike, and assessment), and to self-protection of the aircraft - such as missile warning & targeting/fire control for missile countermeasures. Midwave infrared (MWIR) sensor capability is of particular interest for missile detection and countermeasures, owing to the strong MWIR signatures of missile plumes. MWIR provides smoke & obscurant look-through capability, enabling our forces to see the enemy in all conditions of battle. The shape and vibrometry information provided by a coherent laser radar can provide the critical data for NCTID. An ideal combination of sensor modalities brings together high-resolution next-generation forward-looking infrared sensors (FLIRs) and shape & vibration sensing coherent laser radar to provide complete target information and effectively operate in the multiplicity of operating conditions & countermeasures. Significant leverage with a multi-million dollar DARPA MTO 3D Imaging Device program is anticipated. The Phase I effort proposes support of the development of such a multifunction MWIR FLIR-LADAR sensor. With future implementations of the proposed technology, this sensor would provide the combined capabilities of high-resolution MWIR FLIR for passive infrared search & track (IRST), combined with active remote sensing of surface vibrations (ground & hard target), standoff detection of effluents, chemical & biohazards, hard target identification/designation countermeasures, flight data gathering, and sensing of winds & aerosols. |
| ANALYTIC DESIGNS, INC.
245 East Gay Street Columbus, OH 43215 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 224-9078
Harry T. Shamansky AF 00-259 |
| Title: | Advanced Vehicle Surface Mapping System |
| Abstract: | Virtually all modern aircraft radar signature prediction depends on the accuracy and completeness of the aircraft surface model. Often, these models are painstakingly constructed using a variety of measurement techniques. Two significant shortcomings in these manual techniques are the difficulty in mapping surfaces which are not easily reached or illuminated by the optical mapping tools, called coordinate measuring systems (CMS), and the difficulty in mapping surfaces which are interior to the platform, such as inlet, exhaust and environmental ducts. Analytic Designs, Incorporated (ADI) has a novel technique to significantly extend the capabilities of current CMS techniques for exterior surfaces, and will develop a specialized tool to accurately analyze the normally inaccessible interior ducts. Leveraging our extensive AFRL-sponsored RF scanning expertise, we will deliver a sound and capable CMS design package tailored to the needs of modern ATR programs for rapid, portable and accurate vehicle surface mapping in Phase I, and follow with the complete turnkey system in Phase II. The commercial ability to perform accurate analysis of large, complex structures enhances not only AFRL needs, but directly extends to other DoD agencies, and also to airframe manufacturers as well. |
| HYPERCOMP, INC.
31255 Cedar Valley Drive Suite 327 Westlake Village, CA 91362 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 865-3713
Vijaya Shankar AF 00-259 |
| Title: | Hybrid Time-Domain CEM for Automatic Target Recognition Applications |
| Abstract: | HyPerComp, a small business specializing in the development, implementation and dissemination of high performance parallel software in time-domain CEM for scattering and radiation problems of interest to the DoD community, proposes to advance the technology in a three-prong approach: 1) Provide significant advances in preprocessing, processing and postprocessing stages of HyPer Comp's time-domain CEM technology (UPRCS code) for routine X-band parallel applications, 2) in partnership with SAIC-DEMACO, hybridize the time domain with their Xpatch high-frequency technology for minimizing computational efforts in ATR applications, and 3) in partnership with Dr. Kelce Wilson and others at AFRL, integrate their in-house clutter model into the time-domain UPRCS code. With advances in parallel hardware and software, extending the range of applications of a full wave, broad band, time-domain UPRCS code. With advances in parallel hardware and software, extending the range of applications of a full wave, broad band, time-domain CEM technology through hybridization with Xpatch for large-scale target modeling and with a clutter background model for terrain characterization will provide the critical technology base for this decade in meeting Air Force's requirements in target classification and identification. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Post Office Drawer 719 Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9261
William J. Kent AF 00-259 |
| Title: | Synthetic Prediction Technologies for Multiple Target Scenario Modeling |
| Abstract: | This proposal will present innovative approaches for the verification and validation of synthetic prediction technologies for multiple target scenarios. Mission Research Corporation proposes to investigate and develop the use of an active ground truth and calibration (AGTC) hardware for use in supporting the use of synthetic prediction technologies for Combat Identification (CID). The approach to be presented involves the use of a new class of hardware that can provide ground truthing and calibration. Specifically, this hardware would be developed to provide: 1) One dimensional HRR or LFM waveform time domain registration; 2) SAR image scene calibration; 3) Image registration for RF-EO data fusion; 4) Synthetic vs measured data alignment error assessment. The objectives of this proposed Phase I effort are: 1) Study the hardware configurations of candidate AGTC devices for use in HARR and SAR radar calibration, alignment, and positional error applications; 2) quantify required upgrades, costs, availability of AGTC devices for these applications. In a possible Phase II effort, we would propose to test candidate devices in an outdoor measurement setting and prove their utility for the stated objectives. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Harald Ruda AF 00-260 |
| Title: | Web-Enabled ATR/Fusion Development System (WEADS) |
| Abstract: | With the quickly escalating number of sources for national intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance data, there is a corresponding need to quickly develop ATR and fusion algorithms that provide useful information. We propose to develop a Web-Enabled ATR/fusion Development System (WEADS) that will allow distributed development and execution of ATR and fusion algorithms using currently available infrastructures. WEADS will be built on an existing prototype system that provides a hierarchical GUI for the design, optimization, evaluation, and testing of ATR algorithms. WEADS will transparently permit sharing and configuration management of modules for the required algorithms. The WEADS client will interact with WEADS servers that publish modules as well as provide the ability to execute the published modules. The Web-enabled design and execution avoids the usually onerous requirement to port or install modules from other sources before use. We will implement WEADS using the portable Java platform, which will simplify the implementation of the distributed design and execution protocols. The use of Java also means that WEADS will be able to communicate with CORBA and DCOM (via CORBA) components with minimal overhead in addition to providing wrappers for legacy code and executables. |
| COGNITECH CORP.
1060 East 100 South Suite 202 Salt Lake City, UT 84102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(801) 322-0101
Jerome B. Soller AF 00-260 |
| Title: | ATR/Fusion Virtual Development and Evaluation Testbed |
| Abstract: | This project will create a prototype for a virtual, distributed testbed for ATR and fusion algorithms. The system's software framework will be implemented as lightweight Java components and will support the following capabilities: web-based access to ATR and Fusion Data; a repository of algorithms; a software interface in Java and CORBA IDL to algorithms; the ability to integrate and mix/match algorithms; and support for metric-based comparison of algorithms on common data sets, target data, and performance measures. Several graphical user interfaces for developers, testers and evaluators will enable them to securely provide, configure, test, and evaluate algorithms. The secure communications will utilize SSL, digital certificates, and role-based access control. This system will interface with HLA-compliant simulations and store logs of inputs, control parameters, incremental outputs, final results, and performance measures to a database. The investigators will demonstrate the prototype using the ATR algorithms developed by Professor Bhanu's group at the University of California, Riverside and presented at SPIE, 1999. |
| DATA FUSION CORP.
10190 Bannock Street Suite 246 Northglenn, CO 80234 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(720) 872-2145
Tom Baltzer AF 00-260 |
| Title: | ATR/Fusion Virtual Development and Evaluation Testbed |
| Abstract: | Data Fusion Corporation and Lockheed Martin Corporation propose to develop a virtual development environment that supports collaborative ATR and fusion algorithm development.This capability will be built using COTS and GOTS components. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Duane D. Smith AF 00-261 |
| Title: | A New Approach to Active/Passive Sensor Apertures |
| Abstract: | Electro-optic sensor apertures on aircraft face increasing demands for reduced size, low aerodynamic drag, low radar cross section, wide wavelength ranges and flexible placement. Fixed, conformal apertures on airframes, as opposed to gimbals or mechanically steered systems, are potential approaches. However, existing conformal aperture designs are costly to design and fabricate, may present difficult-to-correct optical aberrations across the field of regard, encounter beam steering challenges and may be disadvantageous for integration into different airframes and/or different locations on a single airframe. To address these needs and ameliorate shortcomings of existing designs, an innovative non-mechanical approach is proposed that: combines passive and active functions into a common aperture, provides high peak and average power handling capability, is compatible with adaptive optics and wavefront sensing, has reduced impact on the airframe, is suitable for passive and active aperture synthesis and provides significant precision and coarse beam steering capability. Phase I of the SBIR program will execute numeric and analytic models of the innovative designs and architectures. Demonstrations will be performed to ensure low risk in the Phase II hardware deliverables. This fundamentally new approach offers the potential to reduce sensor integration cost on airborne and spaceborne platforms while simultaneously increasing sensor performance. |
| SSG, INC.
65 Jonspin Road Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9991
Mark W. Schwalm AF 00-261 |
| Title: | Architecture and Encoder Solutions for Common Passive/Active Systems |
| Abstract: | For combined electro-optical (EO) sensors in which infrared and active laser systems operate through a single aperture, beam pointing and hand-over become significant challenges. SSG proposes to address this problem with an innovative optical-proximity sensor (OPS) to replace current temperature-sensitive eddy current devices used in fast steering mirrors. Further, SSG proposes to develop a telescope and pointing architecture that meets the disparate requirements of the passive and active systems, and to compare the results of the OPS against the system design requirements. The OPS will permit agile steering to the micro-radian level without temperature calibration. Combined aperture systems need this accuracy because the active laser beam and field-of-view (FOV) often subtend only 1-2 passive pixels, and thus a thermally sensitive steering mirror can result in misalignment greater than the laser FOV, resulting in a failed hand-over from passive to active. In Phase I, SSG will perform two main tasks: develop a passive/active combined-aperture opto-mechanical design including beam steering provisions; and build and test a brassboard OPS as the baseline for the active channel beam steering encoder. The proposed design and technology will directly apply to passive FLIR targeting with active interrogation, airborne missile warning and countermeasures, and future interceptors. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Stephen M. Crooks AF 00-262 |
| Title: | Registration of Images for Polarimetric Dual-Band FOPEN Radar |
| Abstract: | We propose a comprehensive program to develop and to evaluate registration algorithms for dual-band FOPEN SAR imagery. These registration algorithms are required to support UHF/VHF fusion. We have designed our program to build upon a generic functional architecture for image registration and to leverage our understanding of UHF and VHF phenomenology. Within this architecture we propose to assemble a suite of algorithms that includes geocoding, pixel matching (correlation and mutual information), and feature matching. Image-processing techniques based on FOPEN phenomenology will be used to maximize the commonality of image characteristics across the UHF and VHF frequency bands. Local matching will be investigated as a technique to estimate high order global transformations using estimates of local low-order transformations. The performance of the registration algorithms will be quantified using ALPHATECH's registration testbed on available overlapping UHF and VHF imagery collected in the Keystone '97 FOPEN experiment. We will develop a model for the dual-band FOPEN SAR automatic target detection and cueing (ATD/C) process and will conduct analysis to assess the sensitivity of ATD/C performance to registration accuracy. |
| IMAGECORP, INC.
4716 Pontiac Street, Suite 301 College Park, MD 20740 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 220-2123
Chandra Shekhar AF 00-262 |
| Title: | Registration of Images for Polarimetric Dual-Band FOPEN Radar |
| Abstract: | Conventional methods for image registration tend to be restrictive, fragile, and computationally intractable, and not easily applicable to polarimetric dual-band FOPEN data. ImageCorp, Inc. proposes a novel approach to this problem, based on the present and past work of Prof. Rama Chellappa's group at the University of Maryland and at ImageCorp, Inc. Our approach will make use of all available information that can be extracted from the images, including discrete features (lines and corner points), contours, Fourier phase and mutual information. First, a global geometric transformation between the images will be determined using correspondence-free methods. This initial global alignment will be made more precise using feature-matching techniques, followed by local refinement of the positioning to achieve precise sub-pixel registration. Phase 1 work will involve design of the overall system, and implementation of a candidate registration algorithms. In Phase 2, a prototype version of the system, capable of robust, autonomous and real-time sub-pixel registration of dual-band FOPEN imagery will be developed. |
| DEFENSE RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
1430 Oak Court Suite 303 Beavercreek, OH 45430 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 255-2811
Ronald Clericus AF 00-263 |
| Title: | Real-Time High Fidelity Dense RF Environment Simulation Technology |
| Abstract: | Man/hardware-in-the-loop laboratory simulation is the most cost-effective methodology for maturing advanced sensor technologies because the battlefield can be brought to the laboratory through multi-spectral synthetic battlespace simulation. Current laboratory simulation technologies cannot generate the real-time high fidelity dense RF environment required to advance space based and high altitude sensor technology development. DRA proposes to solve this challenging technology limitation by applying commercial satellite tools merged with an intelligent rules based engine to control advanced signal generation components to provide accurate stimulation of space based and high altitude sensor systems. During Phase I, DRA will investigate space based and high altitude RF sensor development requirements for weapons systems such as Global Hawk, define key simulation technologies required for generating a real-time high fidelity dense RF environment simulation, and define an architecture that integrates these key technologies. DRA will utilize the real-time simulation capability in the Sensors Directorate Integrated Demonstrations and Applications Laboratory (IDAL) to demonstrate the architecture's feasibility. During Phase II, DRA will implement a prototype capability into the IDAL and demonstrate key performance characteristics. The Phase II effort will provide a building block capability for rapid evolution of advanced RF sensor technology. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
Suite 100 50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 284-8444
William H. Bennett AF 00-265 |
| Title: | Distributed Control Evaluation System for Multi-Platform Applications |
| Abstract: | ALPHATECH proposes to develop tools for evaluating distributed systems for multi-platform, multi-sensor management that extend computational and algorithmic methods of control and estimation theory to heterogeneous distributed sensor systems where task coordination is achieved via a hierarchical information exchange. We will accomplish this by first formulating the multi-platform, multi-sensor management problem as a control problem wherein sensor resources are allocated to sensor coverage service requests in a collaborative environment of information exchange and distributed processing. From this framework, we will develop control theoretic extensions that permit efficient evaluation of distributed system performance through efficient simulation analysis. Implementation of the methodology will provide control system developers with a software toolkit for evaluating distributed systems in militarily important scenarios. |
| INTEGRITY SYSTEMS, INC.
31 Middlecot Street Belmont, MA 02478 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(207) 839-5107
Daniel P. Martin AF 00-265 |
| Title: | Distributed Control Evaluation System for Multi-Platform Applications |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I effort, Integrity Systems will develop and evaluate a prototype Distributed Control Evaluation System (DCES) for multi-platform military applications. This system will embody a general-purpose evaluation methodology in the form of a testbed designed to simulate the essential features of the battlefield environment, navigation and track sensors, and target-tracking and sensor-control algorithms. The Phase I effort will review and characterize the features of distributed and conventional control methods for managing resources across multiple cooperating platforms in a battlespace environment. It will also review and compile useful metrics for measuring the effectiveness of such methods. It will then develop a prototype testbed (the DCES) for evaluating multi-platform resource management methods within a common framework. The prototype DCES will be relatively general-purpose, with a modular design that can be further generalized in Phase II, and readily adapted to new problems when necessary. The prototype DCES will be demonstrated for a selected sample problem designed to illustrate its evaluation capabilities. At its conclusion, the Phase I effort will provide recommended extensions of the prototype DCES design. The subsequent Phase II effort will implement extensions of the prototype DCES to generalize its applicability to a wider range of problems and control methods. |
| APPLIED RADAR, INC.
79 Timberline Road Warwick, RI 02886 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 885-3910
William H. Weedon AF 00-266 |
| Title: | A Space-Based Radar Concept Using a Large Inflatable Reflector Antenna with a Reconfigurable Multi-band Phased-Array Feed |
| Abstract: | A novel space-based radar concept is presented that uses a large inflatable reflector antenna with a reconfigurable multi-band phased-array feed. The inflatable reflector that we propose to use here is lightweight and may be compactly stored for transport to a medium earth orbit (MEO). Once in orbit, the reflector is inflated to a dimension of approximately 60 meters. A reconfigurable multi-band phased-array excitation is used to feed the reflector antenna so that both multi-band performance and limited scanning are possible. The system will be capable of supporting both X-band for SAR and GMTI and L-band and below for AMTI and FOPEN radar as well as supporting remote communications operations. |
| AZTEX, INC.
360 Second Avenue Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 622-5529
John Harris AF 00-268 |
| Title: | Advanced Clevis Joint Technology for Composite To Metallic Attachment |
| Abstract: | A key roadblock to producing affordable composite airframe structure is the poor damage tolerance and ballistic survivability of conventional 2D joints. To address these issues, fasteners, radius blocks, ply build-ups, etc. are typically added to the structure, dramatically effecting cost, weight and manufacturability. The combination of 3D woven preforms with Z-FiberÖ through-thickness reinforcement provides an enabling technology to create robust composite stiffening elements with inherently damage tolerant joints. However, to take full advantage of this technology, a low cost, damage tolerant link to the metallic components of the airframe must be developed. This Phase I program will develop and evaluate a joint design for attaching composite to metallic structures. Static strength and fatigue (D&DT) of this composite to metallic clevis joint attachment technique will be evaluated on a coupon level. This will involve developing the basic technology to prepare the metallic surface followed by fabrication and testing of double lap shear coupons to evaluate the clevis joint shear capability. The ultimate goal for combined Phase I and Phase II programswould be to implement this technology in an application such as a metallic pivot shaft attachment to an all composite horizontal stabilator for F-16 or JSF. |
| ENGINEERED CERAMICS, INC.
9617 Distribution Avenue San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 621-7455
Jean Stojak AF 00-269 |
| Title: | Repair of Ceramic Matrix Composite Structures |
| Abstract: | Bonded patch and reprocessing techniques will be developed and evaluated for the repair of advanced aircraft Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) components. We will concentrate on repair of the non-oxide S200 system developed by Dow Corning and licensed to ECI, which is baselined on the F-22 and JSF aircraft. The development effort will build on results obtained in a DOD program on the reparability of ceramics, in which the bonded patch and reprocessed repair approaches were determined to have the most potential. We will develop these repair methodologies and evaluate the feasibility for use in depot level and on-aircraft field level repairs. Repairs will be conducted on CMCs in the as-damaged state, as well as on CMCs exposed to simulated mid-flight damage, in which the damaged material is subjected to high temperatures while the aircraft completes its mission. The repaired materials will be evaluated for mechanical and electromagnetic performance. The knowledge gained from this program will provide a critical step towards optimizing repair methodologies and identifying suitable repairs for various levels of damage within specific components, such as the gas path liner of an advanced exhaust nozzle. |
| MSNW, INC.
P.O. Box 865 San Marcos, CA 92079 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(904) 794-2071
Gail H. Cullum AF 00-269 |
| Title: | Repair of Ceramic Matrix Composite Structures |
| Abstract: | The proposed Phase I research will build on previous oxide/oxide ceramic matrix com-posite (CMC) repair studies. Two state-of-the-art CMCs, one from Engineered Ceramics, Inc. and one from Boeing - Huntington Beach, will be used as the base com-posites. The project will develop and demonstrate ceramic adhesive materials which are chemically compatible with the CMC constituents. The compatible adhesives will be reinforced with discontinuous oxide fibers and/or oxide fabrics identical to those used to produce the base composites. Experimental evaluation of the reinforced adhesive materials will include microstructural studies of adhesive/composite bonds to assure chemical compatibility. Quantitative adhesive/composite bond strength measurements will be made to select the most appropriate adhesive materials. Reinforced adhesive materials containing chopped fibers and/or fabric plies will be used to produce prototype repairs in damaged composite panels (Level 3 or Level 4 damage) using a pressure-molding and low temperature cure process. Final heat treatment will be in air. The repairs will be evaluated via mechanical testing at ambient and elevated temperatures and both microstructural examination and fractography. The project will target applica-tions in the SITE-M and X-37 programs for the two oxide/oxide CMC materials. The project will be performed with engineering oversight and testing assistance provided by Boeing-St. Louis (SITE-M) and Boeing-Huntington Beach (X-37). |
| FOAM MATRIX, INC.
1123 E. Redondo Blvd Inglewood, CA 90302 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 680-0777
Michael S. Kramer AF 00-270 |
| Title: | Design for Limited Life Airframes |
| Abstract: | Future unmanned air vehicles will have very different structural requirements than the current generation of manned aircraft. Vehicles may be built, stored in a near ready to fly condition for many years and then subjected to a limited life of all combat hours. The current requirements for durability and damage tolerance may be replaced by a requirement that components are inexpensive and interchangeable. These vehicles will be built in low quantities and may need to be built many years in the future at high production rates with minimal lead times. A highly integrated structure is one possible solution to the problem. These structures would replace the large number of individual parts required with a single component that satisfies the requirements using a common set of commercial off the shelf materials. Foam Matrix has developed a unique process for net molding lofted composite structures such as wings or control surfaces. The molded cores may incorporate mechanical and electrical components directly into the structure without additional tools or parts. The goal of this research is the development of highly integrated composite structures using the molded foam core technology with reduced weight and cost of current aircraft structures. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 622-5504
Thomas Campbell AF 00-270 |
| Title: | Design for Limited Life Airframes |
| Abstract: | The concept of a UCAV enables a different approach to airframe design and fabrication. Expected mission profiles will be executed with minimal g-load. The aircraft will experience long periods of storage in humidity controlled containers with no damaging training missions. The UCAV requires new thinking in terms of design criteria that can take advantage of these conditions for the lowest cost, lightest weight, and most reliable aircraft. Foster-Miller proposes a combined approach to design for limited life UCAV. Design requirements will be studied with support from Boeing St. Louis and nationally recognized consultants. We will develop manufacturing approaches that take advantage of innovative Boeing airframe structures for UCAV. Out-of-autoclave primary assembly bonding using ultrasonics is proposed. This will be combined with solid-state curing concepts that enable low cost, positional tooling in out-of-autoclave cure processes. Use of long discontinuous fiber preforms for rapid formation of complex shapes will be examined. This combination of innovative, low-cost fabrication approaches and the knowledgeable review and recommendations of experts in establishing design criteria and their impact on design and fabrication of the UCAV are the essence of the proposed program. A follow-on Phase II program will target implementation of these ideas on the RR&OE aircraft. (p00428) |
| PEPIN ASSOC., INC.
PO Box 397 North Main St. Greenville, ME 04441 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(207) 695-3434
John N. Pepin AF 00-270 |
| Title: | Hybrid Tailored Preform for Limited Life Airframe Structures |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I program Pepin Associates, Inc. develops a hybrid tailored (HT) preform for low cost fabrication of a keel subcomponent of the Boeing Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV). The hybrid tailored preform is a multiply, woven preform capable of being formed into complex shapes without sacrificing fiber orientation or fiber volume fraction. This formability is derived from the long discontinuous tow segments which comprise the preform. The HT Preform concept allows rapid preform fabrication thereby lowering the labor time and hence cost of fabrication. The Phase I program tasks include discontinuous tow fabrication, preform development, molding the keel subcomponent, mechanical testing and cost analysis. Pepin Associates, Inc. is developing the preform while Boeing in St. Louis is performing the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) of the UCAV keel subcomponent. Low cost carbon fibers are used where appropriate to reduce the part cost but most of the cost savoings will likely result from the rapid preforming capability of the HT Preform. Cost data from Phase I will support an expanded Phase II program to develop the full scale UCAV keel. |
| WEBCORE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
591 Congress Park Drive Dayton, OH 45459 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 435-5034
Rob Banerjee AF 00-270 |
| Title: | Development of Low Cost Composite Structure for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR project is intended to develop TYCOR(tm) fiber reinforced foam cored composite sandwich panels for low cost design and manufacturing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) airframe fuselage and other components. Phase I work involves design, fabrication and testing of TYCOR panels as well as manufacturing process trials to validate the feasibility of using TYCOR panels in UAV fuselage. Detailed cost benefit analysis will be conducted for this new design and manufacturing approach involving TYCOR panels in VARTM process. |
| LSP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
6145 Scherers Place Dublin, OH 43016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 718-3000
David F. Lahrman AF 00-271 |
| Title: | Laser Shock Peening for Exfoliation Detection |
| Abstract: | Exfoliation corrosion occurs around fastener holes in the aluminum wing skins of aircraft. This type of corrosion is difficult to detect, and current methods are costly in maintenance down-time and clean-up. The objective of the proposed program is to demonstrate the feasibility of laser shock peening as a method for search peening for exfoliation corrosion in aluminum alloy panels. The program will include developing a corrosion protocol to produce aluminum plates containing specific levels of exfoliation for consistency in the evaluation tests. The exfoliated aluminum plates prepared with this protocol will be laser shock peened to raise the exfoliation areas and render them visible. Based upon the results, concepts for laser search peening hardware will be identified and evaluated. |
| J. R. JAMES ASSOC., INC.
8327 Armetale Lane Fairfax Station, VA 22039 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 690-3929
John R. James AF 00-272 |
| Title: | Verification and Validation of Integrated and Adaptive Control Systems |
| Abstract: | This project will extend previous work in formal methods, functional languages, adaptive control and hybrid control to establish a methodology and a framework for validation and verification of adaptive/intelligent software systems. We will apply recent results in creating logical abstractions in Haskell to build a capability for automatic verification of new or modified components that meet the constraints imposed on the resulting system. If ready for use, we will apply the specification for the Open Control Platform, currently under development as part of the DARPA Software-Enabled Control project, as the definition of our distributed control platform. Our approach emphasizes the use of off-line verification and validation techniques to establish ranges of parameter variations to be allowed by the adaptive/intelligent control software and on-line techniques to ensure that approved constraints are being met. We will develop an engineering plan to demonstrate use of the Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) and Stanford Validity Checker (SVC) extensions to Haskell to automatically validate an adaptive, on-line control law redesign and implementation to meet performance specifications. This implementation will be designed to demonstrate an initial capability that can be extended to other adaptive and intelligent control systems safety critical tasks. |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 252-2706
Sivaram Gogineni AF 00-273 |
| Title: | MHD Control of Boundary Layer Transition in External Hypersonic Flows |
| Abstract: | Sustained hypersonic flights offer potentially revolutionary improvements in space access for civilian and military applications. Limiting factors in hypersonic-vehicle performance include aerodynamic drag and heating rates exerted on the vehicles by surrounding flow fields. Recent research has indicated that hypersonic flow fields may be modified significantly by magnetic Lorentz forces through the creation and manipulation of plasma near the vehicles. Such concepts can be used to control hypersonic flows by suppressing or enhancing hypersonic boundary-layer instability and transition for drag and heating reduction or for mixing enhancements. On the other hand, MHD control of hypersonic flows presents a challenge which requires an understanding of both the complex hypersonic MHD flow physics and the creation of large volumes of plasma and strong magnetic fields. The objectives of the present SBIR proposal are: 1) to develop a highly accurate direct numerical simulation tool for transient hypersonic MHD equations for the purpose of MHD hypersonic transitional flow control, 2) to use numerical simulations as a tool to develop MHD flow-control concepts and conduct feasibility studies of these concepts, and 3) to identify and design new laboratory-scale experiments to prove the concepts of MHD control of hypersonic flow transition. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dan L. Grecu AF 00-274 |
| Title: | Testbed for Air Vehicle Coordination Techniques (TACT) |
| Abstract: | Rapid advances in aircraft, sensors and weapons technology have opened a considerable potential for the development of novel Air Force mission concepts relying on large numbers of heterogeneous air vehicles. Such missions require advanced inter-vehicle coordination capabilities that scale up to the mission size, structure, and the mission environment. To meet the challenge of generating and testing coordination techniques for large numbers of air vehicles, we propose to prototype a Testbed for Air Vehicle Coordination Techniques (TACT). The testbed integrates modern software agent technology, advanced coordination concepts and techniques, and high-fidelity tactical mission simulation. TACT will allow mission experts to prototype missions with various air vehicle compositions, and to design coordination strategies for particular mission scenarios. TACT supports high-fidelity mission simulation from the physical aircraft level, to the high-level coordination interactions; captures relevant mission data; and includes analysis tools that enable mission experts assess coordination effectiveness and robustness. The development effort will comply with DII-COE standards and integrate with the toolsets that are currently part of the USAF's information systems framework. |
| OR CONCEPTS APPLIED
7032 Comstock Avenue Suite 100 Whittier, CA 90602 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 907-6700
Rubin Johnson AF 00-274 |
| Title: | Large Number of Air Vehicles Simulation (LNAVSIM) |
| Abstract: | The use of Large Numbers of Air Vehicles (LNAV) such as the Uninhabited Air Vehicle (UAV) for theater reconnaissance, effects surveillance, target detection and location, defense, electronic warfare and, the Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) for tactical operations, will continue to alter the theater dynamic. The Air Force is investigating ways to utilize large numbers of offensive weapons such as the UAV/UCAV and micro-miniature air vehicles (MAV) as a means to locate high-value, strategic, movable targets and deliver firepower. Air campaign tactics, strategies, and operations will never be the same. Mission planning, simulation and rehearsal tools need to address coordinated air vehicle movement and operational scenarios involving large numbers of differing entities. Multiple entities such as weapons of varying mission designations, and/or "flocks, pods or clusters" of UAV/UCAV weapon systems or "swarms" of MAV entities released from within UAV/UCAV payload bays. The mission planning and simulation environment that possesses a full-suite of mission planning tools will benefit planning process by providing the capability to assess the C2 effectiveness of these systems when integral to a much larger force structure. Mission planning and simulation for multiple flying vehicles in dynamic environments involves asset allocations, tiered tactics and collaborative strategies designed to accomplish goals of the mission, given the current knowledge available about the world. As knowledge changes, the planning system should dynamically replan to best accomplish the mission. In this proposal, this domain is explored and mission planning concepts and simulation approaches for this dynamic environment are presented. |
| COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY
174 North Main Street P.O. Box 1150 Dublin, PA 18917 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 249-9780
Neeraj Sinha AF 00-275 |
| Title: | Flow Control for Vehicle Propulsion/Weapons Integration |
| Abstract: | An internal aircraft weapons bay, when exposed to freestream flow, experiences an intense aeroacoustic environment and varied suppression concepts have been tested for attenuation of flow-induced oscillations. Recent testes with open-loop, high-frequency excitation have shown great promise in providing broadband attenuation and elimination of tones. High frequency actuation alters the dynamics of the turbulent energy cascade and accelerates the transfer of energy from low-frequency, large scale eddies to high-frequency, small-scale eddies, where it finally gets dissipated as heat. However, these tests have also indicated the need to provide adequate levels of actuation and a robust and scalable high-frequency actuator remains to be designed. The proposed program is focussed on exploiting the high-frequency excitation phenomena to accomplish acoustic attenuation of a cavity. A robust, electro-mechanical shaker will be used to drive a vibrating spoiler at a frequency which is high relative to the cavity resonant modes. This actuator design is not amplitude-limited and is consistent with safe weapons release. Its performance will be demonstrated at the Lockheed Compressible Flow Wind Tunnel (CFWT) utilizing a 20% scale F-111 weapons bay model at subsonic and supersonic freestream conditions. An alternate high-frequency actuator (Glow Discharge) will also be demonstrated. |
| TAO OF SYSTEMS INTEGRATION, INC.
471 McLaws Circle Suite 1 Williamsburg, VA 23185 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 220-5040
Siva M. Mangalam AF 00-275 |
| Title: | Active Control of Compact Diffusing Inlets Using SMA-Actuated Micro-Vortex Generators and Non-Intrusive Hot-Film Sensors |
| Abstract: | A compact, diffusing inlet incorporating active flow separation control will be developed for Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles (UCAV). An array of micro-thin, surface hot-film sensors operated by automated Constant Voltage Anemometer (CVA) system will be used to monitor inlet boundary-layer characteristics. Tao Systems' flow-diagnostics tools will be used for the identification and real-time tracking of unsteady flow separation in the duct. Shape Memory Alloy-Actuated Micro-Vortex Generators (SMA-MVG) will be used for active control of flow separation. Rule based and/or fuzzy logic control algorithms will be developed for feedback control to optimize the active control of flow separation. |
| UNIVERSAL SPACELINES, INC.
1501 QUAIL ST STE 103 NEWPORT BEACH, CA 92660 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
( ) -
AF 00-277 |
| Title: | Simulation Based R&D for Space Vehicle Concepts |
| Abstract: | The feasibility of an integrated design software tool set that incorporates a simulation based design environment, a modern trajectory/design optimizer and a framework to create a high fideity 6 degree of freedom simulation with a common database tailored to easily evaluate space vehicle concepts will be investigated. |
| BARRON ASSOC., INC.
1160 Pepsi Place Suite 300 Charlottesville, VA 22901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(804) 973-1215
John D. Schierman AF 00-279 |
| Title: | Adaptive Guidance System for Hypersonic Vehicles with Reconfigurable Inner-Loop Control |
| Abstract: | Reconfiguration for a re-usable launch vehicle (RLV) presents a number of unique challenges not addressed in prior fixed-wing controls work; these challenges include extremely fast dynamics in the hypersonic regime and the need to adapt trajectory profiles quickly to achieve (possibly revised) mission objectives safely. Barron Associates, Inc. (BAI) has teamed with Orbital Sciences Corporation to develop a continuously adaptive-reconfigurable guidance system for hypersonic RLV systems. BAI will leverage its past achievements in the field of reconfigurable controls and optimal guidance, and Orbital will substantially contribute with its vast experience in hypersonic vehicles. In Phase I, the BAI/Orbital team will concentrate on X-34 elevon effector failures; these failures are particularly challenging in that there is not enough control-effector redundancy to recover the original decoupled closed loop responses. The approach taken is to develop an innovative modular guidance technique that autonomously identifies degraded closed-inner-loop performance and adapts the guidance for the compromised system. A long-prediction horizon module is utilized to estimate final trajectory states and manage the RLV energy. A primary guidance module, concerned with overall stability, generates achievable trajectory commands at each update based on a short-prediction of the current identified closed-inner-loop system and the estimated long-prediction module. |
| GUIDED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
P.O. Box 1453 McDonough, GA 30253 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 898-9100
J. Eric Corban AF 00-279 |
| Title: | Adaptive Guidance and Control for Autonomous Hypersonic Vehicles |
| Abstract: | A control system adaptive to failures was recently flight demonstrated onthe X-36. This technology is now being applied in simulation to study the potential to improve the performance and reliability of the X-33 demonstrator. A recoverable failure will generally lead to a reduction in total control authority. Thus, adaptive guidance technology is required to realize the potential of adaptive control and to overcome potential failures in autonomous launch systems. Effective means for on-line trajectory regeneration is required. The guidance laws need to be adaptive to unknown variations in the force equations, and atthe same time require minimal variation in the anticipated trim control effort. An innovative approach to adaptive guidance is proposed based on computing aneighboring solution. It seeks to minimize the perturbation in trim controleffort, while having an adaptive component that can be used to cancel the forceperturbation induced by the failure. Energy state methods are to be used to pre-compute attainable energy levels, which will in turn be used to predict reachable sets. The feasibility of this new technology is to be demonstrated in X-33 simulation in Phase I, and fully developed and evaluated for both the X-33 and X-37 in Phase II. |
| HIGH TECHNOLOGY CORP.
28 Research Drive Hampton, VA 23666 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 865-0818
Mujeeb R. Malik AF 00-280 |
| Title: | Computational Tool for Advanced Transition Prediction |
| Abstract: | Laminar-Turbulent transition phenomenon in hypersonic flows remains poorly understood although it has a profound impact on the thermal protection system weight, vehicle drag and air-breathing engine performance. Transition location uncertainties force designers to be conservative by adding weight and reducing thrust. Efficient techniques for prediction and control of boundary-layer transition are needed. The proposed effort deals with the development of an advanced transition prediction tool which will include the effect of external (free-stream, wall-induced) disturbances on boundary-layer transition. This will be accomplished by coupling a receptivity module with a disturbance growth module. The receptivity module determines the relationship between the imposed disturbances and boundary-layer instability waves. The disturbance growth module computes the evolution of these instabilities and determines the location of transition. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 622-5509
Sara E. Rosenberg AF 00-281 |
| Title: | Innovative Composite Process Modeling Using Adaptive Modeling Language (AML) |
| Abstract: | In order to more quickly and efficiently incorporate new composite processes into airframe design, Foster-Miller will team with TechnoSoft, Inc. to develop Adaptive Modeling Language (AML) modules for innovative composite processes. Current design methods require an extensive knowledge base of the technology, and thus often limit the design to well known processes. Using object oriented programming, the modules developed will enable new technology insertion earlier in the design process. The Phase I program will define, in terms of the AML paradigm, several innovative new composite processes, and develop limited implementation of one. The Phase II will continue to develop a portfolio of AML modules for new composite processes, which can be used in cooperation with the existing AML base. At the end of Phase II, these modules will become commercially available via TechnoSoft's current licensing methods. (p00420) |
| BIHRLE APPLIED RESEARCH, INC.
400 Jericho Turnpike Jericho, NY 11753 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 766-2416
Jennifer Player AF 00-282 |
| Title: | A Single Software Application for the Comprehensive Analysis of UCAV Stability and Control Characteristics and Flying Qualities |
| Abstract: | Bihrle Applied Research Incorporated proposes a single Windows based software application capable of supporting flight dynamics analysis and simulation tasks from the conceptual design phase through flight test. This document is a Phase I proposal that describes the function and benefits of the proposed software, defines objectives for developing and demonstrating a prototype component of the total application, and outlines addition Phase I tasks that will form the foundation for a Phase II effort. The proposed work plan is comprehensive and designed to facilitate the development of a commercially viable software tool for conceptual design, flying qualities analysis, and task-oriented performance evaluation of UCAV and other aerial vehicles. The proposed software will provide computational aerodynamics and stability and control analysis tools, complete with interactive help and graphical user interfaces, as modules to the existing D-Six simulation environment. The use this versatile tool will lower the initial investment into candidate concepts and will facilitate more efficient engineering processes throughout aircraft development. |
| OPTELECOM, INC.
9300 Gaither Road Gaithersburg, MD 20877 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 590-8852
Ronald H. Smith AF 00-282 |
| Title: | Aeronautical Sciences and Flight Control Technology for Military Aerospace Vehicles |
| Abstract: | Use of photonic communications technology on military aerospace vehicles offers significant advantages in weight and volume. Photonic technology can also reduce cost and improve reliability for these vehicles. Weight and volume savings come from replacement of copper wire and electronic termination hardware in cable assemblies having large wire counts with optical fiber cables having small fiber counts. Cost savings are associated with the weight and volume savings and with integration of control, power and communication systems. Reliability is enhanced through ElectoMagnetic Interference (EMI) susceptibility reduction, multipath redundant communication lines and communication system simplifications which are part of an integrated vehicle management system design. Specific technology which will be required in a fully optimized photonic aerospace vehicle communication system and which is not currently available for the aerospace environment includes 1) multimode optical fiber Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) tap for wavelength selective drop and insert of optical signals along a multimode optical fiber bus, 2) advanced methods for providing electrical power to equipment located at the terminal end of optical fiber communication paths and 3) Optimized electro-optic interface hardware for aerospace vehicle systems. Optelecom proposes to investigate adaptation of present day communications technology in these three areas to the aerospace environment. |
| STAR TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH, INC.
3213 Carmel Bay Drive Suite 200 Mount Pleasant, SC 29466 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(843) 856-3590
Jerome Pearson AF 00-282 |
| Title: | Actively Controlled Multi-Winglets |
| Abstract: | This innovation applies multiple winglets to reduce induced drag without increasing the span of aircraft wings. The advantages of conventional single winglets have been demonstrated on transport aircraft and business jets, and new designs are now incorporating them. However, biologists have shown that the multiple, individually controlled winglets used by soaring birds show significant improvement over single winglets, not only by reducing the overall magnitude of the tip vortices, but also through the active control of the individual winglet angles of attack, dihedral, and sweep during flight. This program will develop and demonstrate smart-structure-controlled multiple winglets that show potential for a variety of applications in aircraft, propellers, watercraft, and helicopter rotors. The multiple winglets will show significant improvements over the performance of single winglets, and the active control will allow them to be optimized over a wide range of flight conditions. The total combination of multiple winglets, smart structures, and active control will produce maximum reduction in induced drag, leading to improved performance and reduced fuel costs. |
| AZTEX, INC.
360 Second Avenue Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 622-5529
John Harris AF 00-283 |
| Title: | Hybrid Structures for Efficient Combined TPS and Mechanical Performance |
| Abstract: | Significant resources have been invested to develop high temperature structural materials for access to space. Development has focused primarily on systems with operating temperatures in excess of 2000F. The idea of these high temperature materials is to provide thermal shock resistance, protection to substructure materials, and structural performance. Currently these materials have fallen short of their goals. Reasons for this include joining of dissimilar materials, poor interlaminar properties, and oxidation protection. As a result many vehicles depend on a stand-alone non-structural thermal protection system (TPS) which protects an underlying conventional structure. The philosophy of one material system which can react structural loads and withstand extreme thermal loading is sound. The problem is that high temperature systems needed to react thermal shock are not structurally efficient. The team of Aztex and Boeing propose to demonstrate a hybrid high temperature (+2000F) and conventional (350F) composite structure. High temperature oxide matrix material would be used on the outside surface where the temperature is intense. This structure would be integrally connected to a conventional structure such as BMI which would react the structural loads. This proposal introduces novel high temperature core materials and through-thickness attachment techniques which are essential to achieve success. |
| NANOSONIC, INC.
P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-1785
Kristie Lenahan Cooper AF 00-284 |
| Title: | Electrostatic Self-Assembly Processes for Synthesis of Integrated Multifunctional Structures |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR program is to develop and demonstrate electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) "beaker chemistry" processes for the integration of multifunctional thin film materials and devices directly onto and into lightweight aircraft structural components. ESA processing consists of alternately adsorbing cationic and anionic molecules from water-based solutions onto substrates at room temperature and pressure to form organic/inorganic nanocomposite coatings. Electrical, optical, mechanical, thermal and electric field-controlled functional properties of the coatings may be created by incorporation of selected molecular nanoclusters, advanced polymers and other molecules, by processing conditions, and by controlling the order of the multilayer geometry. NanoSonic has demonstrated the ability to achieve high electrical conductivity, piezoelectric, photovoltaic and light emitting behavior, controlled permittivity, ultrahardness and abrasion resistance, and electro-optic switching in ESA-formed materials, and multiple such functionalities may be incorporated into a conformal coating. During Phase I, NanoSonic will study how coatings with combined functional properties may be patterned on lightweight flexible composite substrates by its patented ESA approach. A technology demonstrator structure will be fabricated and evaluated in cooperation with a major U.S. aerospace contractor. During Phase II, NanoSonic will develop methods for upscaling and transitioning the ESA process to manufacturing in cooperation with that company. |
| BIHRLE APPLIED RESEARCH, INC.
400 Jericho Turnpike Jericho, NY 11753 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 766-2416
Jacob Kay AF 00-285 |
| Title: | Low Speed Testing and Simulation Modeling for Powered Configurations |
| Abstract: | Traditional wind tunnel testing to determine the effects of power setting on the vehicle's aerodynamic characteristics are conducted at specific scaled power level and characterized as functions of the corresponding thrust coefficient, Tc. Unfortunately, the application of such parameter encounters a theoretical and fundamental limit when the airspeed significantly deviates from the nominal range. Consequently, the resulting wind tunnel data cannot be applied directly to the simulation database across a wide range of airspeed and power combination.The development and testing of the high-performance T-6A primary trainer for the U.S. Air Force and Navy is providing a unique opportunity to investigate wind tunnel test techniques to assess the power effects on the vehicle's aerodynamic characteristics and simulation modeling methodology that can easily accommodate such nonlinear characteristics across a wide range of airspeed and power matrix. A novel solution is proposed in this Phase-I to address the power/airspeed issue associated the current powered test technique. Limited static powered testing will be conducted for the T-6A configuration at a low-speed wind tunnel facility to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed test technique, followed by detailed analysis and a preliminary simulation flight model development. |
| M.L. ENERGIA, INC.
P.O. BOX 470 PRINCETON, NJ 08542 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 799-7970
Moshe Lavid AF 00-292 |
| Title: | Jet Engine Test Cell Air Pollution Control |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I offers a novel technology, based on Spectrally Selective Photo-Destruction (SSPD), for destruction of air pollutants in exhaust emissions from jet engine test cells (JETCs). Operations of JETCs are characterized by extremely high air flow rates containing relatively low concentration of pollutants. This combination of diluted but colossal flows poses a difficult challenge. All existing and emerging technologies treat the entire mass. Consequently, they all suffer from prohibitively high costs and impose unacceptable limitations on the operation of JETCs. In contrast, the proposed SSPD discriminatively treats only the pollutants while leaving the bulk of the flow unaffected. By judiciously applying spectrally selective light, the flow remains virtually transparent to the photons, and only the targeted pollutants are destroyed. This clever approach has great potential to be efficient and cost-effective. The overall objective is to demonstrate both technical and economical feasibility. To meet this objective, a three-task work plan is proposed. Experiments with simulated streams containing representative pollutants will be performed in a bench-scale photothermal flow reactor. Computer simulations will guide the experimental effort and will aid in optimizing the operating conditions. Lastly, Phase I results will be used to perform a cost analysis. Successful completion of phase I will provide the technical foundation for a comprehensive Phase II R&D, in which a prototype unit will be designed, constructed and tested. |
| NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP.
2620 Trade Center Avenue Longmont, CO 80503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 702-1672
Tapesh Yadav AF 00-292 |
| Title: | Air Pollution Control Technology for Jet Engine Test Cells |
| Abstract: | The testing of off-aircraft jet engines typically emits large amounts of NOx, HAPs, and VOCs. Air Force bases require technologies that can enable them to meet or exceed performance under EPA emission standards. Previous research into developing control technologies for jet engine test cells had demonstrated reductions in NOx and VOC emissions. However, these efforts were based on existing air pollution control technologies, were impractical or too expensive to implement, and imposed too many limitations on the operation of the test cell. Completely new control technologies are desired that will reduce NOx, HAP, and VOC emissions by 50% without imposing any restrictions on jet engine test cells. Nanomaterials Research Corporation (NRC) proposes to develop a recently discovered phenomena which enables catalysis at near ambient temperature and pressure. Phase I will establish the proof of concept - both from feasibility and cost point of view. Phase II will scale up the technology and demonstrate a prototype at an Air Force facility. Phase III will commercialize the technology. |
| WADDAN SYSTEMS
8801 Encino Ave Northridge, CA 91325 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(661) 257-4172
Mahendra Singh AF 00-293 |
| Title: | High Speed Time Space Position Information (TSPI) Encoded Radar Transponder |
| Abstract: | Development of a High Speed Time Space Position Information (TSPI) Encoded Radar Transponder is proposed. The goal of this system is to automatically transmit a vehicle's TSPI to a ground tracking station from ranges as far as 1000 km. The proposed effort encompasses a trade-off study of design concepts for a modular C-Band transponder and related ground system modification using commercially available hardware (Receivers, Transmitters, Power Amps, decoders and encoders). This would include an evaluation of the current C-Band transponders and ground support system in use at Edwards AFB, and determination of hardware and software modifications necessary to yield a TSPI encoded transponder. An end-to-end computer simulation will be developed to demonstrate the capabilities of the conceptual systems. The most promising design concept will be selected for a prototype build (transponders and ground system mods) in Phase II. |
| WANG ELECTRO-OPTO CORP.
1335 Capital Circle Suite G Marietta, GA 30067 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 955-9311
Johnson J. H. Wang AF 00-294 |
| Title: | Directional Airborne Telemetry Antennas |
| Abstract: | Telemetry of data from an air vehicle to ground processing and display facilities is required in many test and training missions. The test and training communities have seen a twenty fold increase in the telemetry data rates over the past 10 years. When this increase in need is coupled with the reduction in available spectrum, caused by the sell-off of government spectrum, the combination creates a major test and training cost and schedule impact to major weapons system programs. Advances in technology may make the application of directional antennas to telemetry practical. WEO proposes to develop an affordable, directional airborne telemetry antenna to functionally replace existing omni-directional antennas on a variety of test vehicles. The approach is based mainly on a helmet-mounted beam-steered array WEO recently developed for the US Army, which represents the first affordable battery-operated smart array antenna. With respect to geolocation and adaptive beam control, the proposed research will also draw heavily from WEO's 3-year experience in developing an ultra-wideband photonically-controlled phased array. This beam-steered array antenna will allow the ranges to support more missions without additional spectrum by letting multiple telemetry users to operate on the same frequency, on the same range, with different acquisition antennas. |
| AMERICAN GNC CORP.
9131 Mason Avenue Chatsworth, CA 91311 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 407-0092
Ching-Fang Lin AF 00-295 |
| Title: | Low Cost Autonomous GPS Based Collision Avoidance System |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR Phase I project is to develop and demonstrate an innovative Low Cost Autonomous GPS Based Collision Avoidance System for aircraft operating in the same airspace. The innovative system combines a synthetic GPS relative positioning module, a target tracking and collision threat detection module, and a collision avoidance guidance aide module. The innovative GPS relative positioning module provides the precision position information of other aircraft in the surrounding airspace at a high update rate. The target tracking filter predicts the projected trajectory of the surrounding aircraft that are flying into a congested caution area of the primary aircraft to the collision detection module to determine a potential collision threat. The collision avoidance guidance aide module produces an evasion trajectory aiding information for the aircrew with aural alarms and visual display if a collision threat is detected. The unique solution of the combined GPS relative positioning capabilities and advanced collision detection and collision avoidance guidance technologies will provide enhanced flight control and safety qualities. In the Phase I project, the feasibility, as well as functions, specifications, hardware architecture, and software of the proposed system will be investigated and conducted. |
| MAYFLOWER COMMUNICATIONS CO., INC.
900 Middlesex Turnpike Building 8 Billerica, MA 01821 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 436-9600
George Dimos AF 00-295 |
| Title: | Low Cost Global Positioning System (GPS)-based Collision Avoidance System |
| Abstract: | This proposal is responsive to the Air Force objective to develop a low-cost GPS-based Collision Avoidance System (GCAS) which uses GPS technology not only for determining the participating aircraft's position and velocity, but also for broadcasting that information continuously over a range in excess of 10 km around the aircraft, and for receiving the position and velocity information from up to (12) other participating aircraft. The GPS datalink equipment consists of COTS components, or subsystems which have been developed or are currently being developed at Mayflower through various DoD programs. The production cost of the proposed L-band/S-band GCAS equipment is conservatively expected to be less than $10,000. Our specific objectives for the Phase I demonstration are: a) Upgrade an existing 2-channel GPS Datalink Traner design to assemble a 10- channel unit. b) Demonstrate 10-channel S Datalink Receiver-Transmitter operation and collect and analyze performance characteristics regarding near-far effects and cross correlation distortion effects. c) Prepare a low-cost approach for Phase Iflight demonstration, which, in addition to the Phase I functionality contains equipment for suppression of the RFI due to the datalink transmitter emissions. The Phase I research will demonstrate, via laboratory bench tests, the feasibility of the GCAS prototype system to meet AFFTC requirements. The Phase II program will include in-flight evaluation of the standalone GCAS system in the R2508 complex. |
| BIHRLE APPLIED RESEARCH, INC.
400 Jericho Turnpike Jericho, NY 11753 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 766-2416
Randy S. Hultberg AF 00-297 |
| Title: | Hybrid Cable Rig (HyCR) for Virtual Flight Testing |
| Abstract: | Super-maneuverability is a must for future military aircraft and missiles. The higher angular rates displacements associated with this capability necessitate an understanding of their effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of any configuration. This influences the design and performance of the flight vehicle as well as its flight control system. Devices will be exercised on a Virtual Flight Test rig in the wind tunnel. To accomplish this a tunnel rig must be designed to provide restraint of the forces as well as complete data acquisition and control system feedback. The rig would allow freedom of angular motion about the roll and pitch axes and will include a data acquisition and hardware interfacing for complete system control. Several objectives will be accomplished.1) Using simulation and previous flight test results,resolve the motions and forces that will be produced by typical test articles using this rig. 2)Assess the structural requirements including vibration and supersonic flow effects needed to produce a successful test device. 3)Demonstrate a limited force measurement system to be used for data acquisition on the test rig The completion of this dynamic test rig will allow hardware to be tested in a realistic Virtual Flight Test environment of supersonic flight. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
John C. Magill AF 00-297 |
| Title: | Motion Enabling Device for Virtual Flight Test Application |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop a cable suspension system to enable model motions in Virtual Flight Testing. The system consists of an arrangement of six cables, each instrumented with a tension load cell, that supports a missile model in a wind tunnel. The load cells measure the fores acting on the model. A three-axis collar will permit the model to pitch, roll, and yaw. In the Phase I program, a design will be developed for implementation in a 16 ft wind tunnel at AEDC. Experimental validation of key components will be completed during Phase I. The test results will help refine the preliminary system design so that a cable mount for a 16 ft tunnel can be built and delivered in Phase II. The experimental demonstration will be accomplished using scale mockup and will involve static laboratory tests and a simple wind tunnel test. These experiments will also show that actuators intended for inducing model pitching motions can also be used to damp oscillations that might occur in a dynamic test. The test results will help refine the preliminary system design so that a cable mount for a 16 ft tunnel can be built and delivered in Phase II. |
| ADVANCED FUEL RESEARCH, INC.
87 Church Street East Hartford, CT 06108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 528-9806
James R. Markham AF 00-298 |
| Title: | Control Sensor for Turbine Engine Augmentor Rumble and Screech |
| Abstract: | During aircraft turbine engine operation, augmentor (afterburner) operation is often associated with combustion instabilities (oscillations) that can be potentially detrimental to the turbine engine if the resonant amplitude levels are excessive. Oscillation in the frequency range of 50-100 Hz is commonly called "rumble," where as higher frequency oscillation, up to 600 Hz, is "screech." A current method to control the potentially devastating combustion instabilities, after the instabilities have begun, is to reduce the fuel flow to the augmentor. The Air Force would benefit from a simple, rugged, low cost sensor system that can determine incipient combustion instability and provide feedback for combustion control. Advanced Fuel Research, Inc. (AFR) proposes a novel sensor that can determine incipient combustion instability and provide feedback for combustion control. The sensor system will measure key signals from the combustion flow at a position slightly downstream of the augmentor.. The Phase I prototype will be demonstrated with a turbine engine undergoing testing in a propulsion development test cell of Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) at Arnold Air Force Base. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION CORP.
10299 Scripps Trail, PMB 231 San Diego, CA 92131 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 586-6628
Paul Grabill AF 00-298 |
| Title: | Turbine Engine Augmentor Rumble and Screech Indicator |
| Abstract: | Jet engine augmentor operation is often associated with combustion instability called rumble and screech that can be potentially detrimental to the turbine engine if the levels are excessive. An automated detection system could effectively protect the engine from extended operation with combustion instability. Intelligent Automation Corporation (IAC) proposes to develop a PC based test cell engine health monitoring system that will use a unique combination of signal processing algorithms to detect and indicate the presence of augmentor rumble and screech. The Automated Engine Health Monitoring System (AEHMS) will utilize the existing engine instrumentation such as case mounted accelerometers, rotor speeds, and throttle inputs as well as general purpose area microphones located in the test cell as inputs to the fault detection algorithms AEHMS software features a combination of advanced spectral feature estimators, state-of-the-art condition indicators coupled with a rules based expert system. The features are fused with a unique neural network processor to provide novelty identification and early fault detection with a low false alarm rate. Pratt and Whitney has agreed to supply data to validate the signal processing algorithms and will support this Phase I research. |
| NZ APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
14A Gill Street Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-2030
Ed Salley AF 00-299 |
| Title: | Low Cost Production of Large Area X-Ray Foils |
| Abstract: | Metal foils have found various high technology uses in the fields of nuclear testing, x-ray sources, and optics. Currently thin foils (a few microns in thickness) are readily available commercially up to about 6 inches in diameter. These foils however are extremely costly prohibiting their wide spread use and limiting the capability of researchers in the aforementioned fields. Additionally, there are applications for which even larger area foils are desired. In this proposal, we intend to develop a fabrication method for producing large area foils that is cost-effective, of high quality, and easily manufactured. |
| F&S, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4266
Scott Meller AF 00-300 |
| Title: | Ultra-Wideband Telemetry System for Aerospace Ground Testing |
| Abstract: | All advanced aircraft structures and components require extensive ground and flight tests before being incorporated into field use. Extensive instrumentation is required to verify designs and validate proper operation, which creates an enormous amount of cabling and high test set-up costs. The rapid development of wireless technology is creating new opportunities and challenges for communications users and suppliers. Wireless sensor systems can significantly decrease instrumentation set-up time and cost, while simultaneously improving sensor signal-to-noise ratios and instrumentation system flexibility. Unfortunately, there is no wireless solution available that can interface with several different sensor types and survive the harsh environments found in aerospace testing. Luna Innovations (formerly F&S, Inc.) and the Center for Wireless Technology at Virginia Tech propose to develop a miniature, robust multichannel telemetry system for aerospace ground testing based on ultra-wideband technology. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology (sometimes called digital pulse wireless or impulse radio) is an exciting new approach to wireless communications with several advantages over existing technology including low power operation, secure communications, improved transmission through structures, and high data rates. The 50 channel system will be capable of interfacing with common sensors to measure parameters including heat flux, pressure, strain, vibration, and temperature. |
| SCIENTIFIC MONITORING, INC.
4801 S. Lakeshore Drive Suite 103 Tempe, AZ 85282 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 752-7909
Joseph Michalski AF 00-300 |
| Title: | Miniaturized Robust Multichannel Telemetry System |
| Abstract: | SMI proposes to investigate the feasibility of producing a robust multi-channel telemetry system for use in hostile environments. The electronics package will be designed for the measurement of sensors for temperature, pressure, strain or stress, and vibration with a modular design to accommodate the different gain configurations required for the task. A surface mount prototype will be constructed for the multi-channel front end electronics, data acquisition at 16 bit resolution, and output circuitry for a serial output to the transmission link. High temperature micro-electronics technology can be implemented in phase II to reduce size to a .5" cube or less and using advanced military electronics construction techniques to make the device 50K g shock survivable. The data link considered in the primary investigation will be optical in nature to avoid electrical interference and reduce cost and power consumption. Emerging RF technologies will also be studied in this Phase I effort. |
| METAL MATRIX CAST COMPOSITES, INC.
101 Clematis Avenue, Unit #1 Waltham, MA 02453 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 893-4449
Maxim L. Seleznev AF 00-302 |
| Title: | Integration of Design and Rapid Response Manufacturing of Components by the Solid Freeform Fabrication/Tool-less Mold/Advanced Pressure Infiltration C |
| Abstract: | Computers and their networks are revolutionizing the way metallic and metal matrix composite net-shape parts are manufactured. The ultimate goal of this revolution is to create a completely tool-less or free-form manufacturing process. The most promising technologies in that realm are Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Three Dimensional Printing (3DP). However, both technologies are more suitable for rapid prototyping than for high-volume flexible manufacturing. A new Laser Diode Array Solid Free-Form Fabrication technology for making ceramic preforms is proposed. It builds on the strengths of both SLS and 3DP processes, leaving their weaknesses behind. As a result, two orders of magnitude improvements in manufacturing rate become possible which for the first time puts a solid free-form manufacturing in the same league as tool-based fabrication technologies. Preform manufacturing using this new technology then could be pressure infiltrated with liquid metal using another novel tool-less casting process from MMCC, Inc.-Tool-Less MoldTM process. As a result, net-shape metal matrix composite parts can be manufactured from CAD model to actual component,without dies or molds. This technology will enable flexible, fast and economical net-shape manufacturing of stiff, light and strong components for modern Air Force applications. |
| NEOTERIC TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3077 Leeman Ferry Road P.O. Box 4709 Huntsville, AL 35815 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 650-4601
James W. Neiers AF 00-303 |
| Title: | EMI Control via System Design |
| Abstract: | This project encompasses an investigation of sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in hybrid electric vehicles. EMI resulting from current implementations limits the suitability of otherwise attractive hybrid vehicle around flight lines where there is a potential for interference with critical navigation equipment, around explosive ordnance, and for use in military operations requiring stealth. EMI from hybrid vehicles has been characterized but not related to specific sources. A result of this project will be a codification of techniques for both new design and for correcting unsatisfactory legacy systems. Information learned leads to improved components and reduced EMI. Information learned will provide guidance for producing hybrid vehicles with reduced EMI. |
| UNIQUE MOBILITY, INC.
425 Corporate Circle Golden, CO 80401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 278-2002
Josh M. Ley AF 00-303 |
| Title: | Reduction of EMI from Hybrid Electric Drivetrains |
| Abstract: | Hybrid electric vehicle technology has proven to be an effective method of reducing fuel consumption and improving the overall efficiency of any given vehicle. The benefits of hybrid technology are extremely valuable to the military, where vehicle range and fuel logistics have become of the utmost importance. Perhaps the main drawback to hybrid electric vehicles lies in their high levels of electromagnetic radiation. Unique Mobility, Inc. has years of experience in the development of hybrid and pure electric vehicles. Our focus is on high efficiency, brushless, permanent magnet drive trains specifically designed for these vehicles. In recent years UQM has begun a program to evaluate the EMI problems in our own drive systems. We have acquired the test equipment needed for EMI diagnostics and identified the source(s) of EMI in some of our own drive train products. Phase I endeavors would give us the opportunity to research and evaluate new technologies that serve to decrease EMI without sacrificing efficiency. Some ideas include new switching devices, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) schemes and field cancellation methods. Unique's products have already been incorporated into military vehicles (ie. DARPA's hybrid Hmmwv and hybrid buses and vans put into service at Robbins Air Force Base). |
| OPTOMECHANICAL ENTERPRISES, INC.
7 Waterbury Ct. Allentown, NJ 08501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 758-8898
Arthur T. Poulos AF 00-305 |
| Title: | Low-cost and low-footprint OP-FTIR based on wavefront-division interferometry |
| Abstract: | Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) Spectrometry is a promising techniquefor in-situ multi-component analysis of vapors in open air environments. However, current commercial units have drawbacks of high cost, low portability, cryogenic detector cooling, difficulty in generating baseline spectra, and over-reliance on operator judgements. This proposal offers to engineer and test a novel monostatic OP-FTIR spectrometer based on wavefront-division interferometry. Benefits of this innovation include: small spectrometer footprint, low sensitivity to temperature fluctuations and vibrations, automated background measurement, optical filtering for enhanced sensitivity, reduced sensitivity to atmospheric jitter, correction for mild fog and haze, and minimal reliance on operator judgement. In Phase I we will assemble a bench-scale prototype containing wavefront-dividing interferometer, pyroelectric detector, chopped source, reference optics, lock-in amplifier and data acquisition card, portable PC, control software, reduced spectral data base, and classical least squares multi-component analysis algorithms. The device will be tested in the laboratory and in open field runs. Figures of Merit include: noise in 100% T baseline, baseline drift, spectral resolution, wavelength accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, average relative accuracy, average relative precision. Phase II will undertake design refinements, software enrichment, prototype fabrication, performance qualification in realistic field applications, and production engineering. |
| OPTRA, INC.
461 Boston Street Topsfield, MA 01983 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 887-6600
Julia H. Rentz AF 00-305 |
| Title: | Low-Cost OP-FTIR Spectrometer with Nanoscale Reference for Industrial Monitoring |
| Abstract: | OPTRA proposes a compact, low-resolution open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer incorporating a OPTRA Nanoscale? position sensor as the reference channel. This 16 cm-1 spectrometer system is designed for optimal signal to noise and selectivity for the identification of medium-sized industrial organic molecules in the 7 to 14 micron spectral region. The Nanoscale(TM) reference replaces the traditional helium neon laser reference and an uncooled amorphous silicon microbolometer replaces the typical cryogenically cooled mercury cadmium telluride detector |
| SUPPORT SYSTEMS ASSOC., INC.
Marina Towers 709 S. Harbor City Blvd., Suit Melbourne, FL 32901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 657-2300
Harry McGuckin AF 00-306 |
| Title: | Conversion of Static Models and Stimulus Files to Digital Test Interface Format (DTIF) |
| Abstract: | Differences in digital functional test source file formats and tool usage requirements can complicate the manual translation from one format to another. The involved complexities and high count occurrences of needed operations clearly require the use of modern automated software and computers. One instance of a need for digital test information translation is apparent in the case of LASAR V files. The files were generally developed on VAX or Sun computer based tools and have become obsolete and unusable without conversion tools to update them to newer versions of LASAR or preferably the IEEE 1445 standard for digital test interchange format (DTIF). PC based tools would by far be the preferable methodology for doing this translation because the overhead and system management required for the VAX and Sun Sparc systems can add excessive costs to any comparable effort. What is needed is a PC based set of tools for conversion of LASAR V data files to IEEE-1445 DTIF format and a comparable translation from the DTIF to LASAR VI. The associated proposal discusses an approach for researching, developing, producing, and commercializing such a tool. |
| VOSS SCIENTIFIC
418 Washington St., S.E. Albuquerque, NM 87108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 255-4201
Clifton Courtney AF 00-306 |
| Title: | A Windows Application to Translate LASAR 5 Model Files to LASAR 6 Format, and a Static to Dynamic Stimulus File Converter |
| Abstract: | Teradyne Inc.'s LASAR (Logic Automated Stimulus and Response) software simulates the electrical behavior of complex electronic circuits, and generates the Test Program Sets (TPS) used as input for Automated Test Equipment (ATE) systems. The ATE exercises circuit boards by applying combinations of stimuli at input terminals, and observing the circuit's response at its output terminals. The Air Force has used LASAR for decades, and maintains a large library of legacy LASAR 5 files; however, manually converting these files (model and stimulus) to a LASAR 6 format is time consuming and error prone. Automatically converting these files would greatly reduce the time and errors associated with manual conversion. Voss Scientific proposes to design and implement a LASAR version 5 to 6 input file converter by employing recognized language translation principles and off-the-shelf programming tools. In addition, we propose to develop a post-conversion utility that will allow personnel to specify timing relationships of input signals within a clock cycle via a graphical interface - effectively converting a static stimulus file to a dynamic stimulus file. Dynamic testing capability will aid in the resolution of major problems identified by ATE during aircraft and other electronic equipment repair and maintenance. |
| NIELSEN ENGINEERING & RESEARCH, INC.
526 Clyde Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 968-9457
Patrick H. Reisenthel AF 00-308 |
| Title: | Nonlinear Characterization of Electromagnetic Pulse Response Using Continuous Wave Electromagnetic Data |
| Abstract: | Although anticipated developments in directed energy weaponry require the characterization of electromagnetic hardness with respect to short duration electromagnetic pulse energies, continuous wave radiation, rather than pulse bombardment, is currently used to nondestructively test aircraft systems. This proposal addresses the need for an analysis methodology capable of converting system continuous wave response to system pulse response. The proposed innovation is based on nonlinear indicial theory and on a recently developed identification tool allowing the extraction of a system's impulse response kernel from essentially arbitrary data. The goal of the proposed effort is to adapt this method for the present needs, test the method on continuous wave data, and demonstrate that the correct nonlinear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) response can be accurately predicted. In Phase I, a blind prediction of a pulse test currently scheduled by the Air Force will be generated. This bold approach will allow a critical assessment of the method's success. Phase II will produce the software, verification test plan, and new data acquisition procedures. The resulting technology will provide the Air Force as well as airframe and satellite manufacturers with a robust capability to estimate EMP response from nondestructive tests. |
| SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH
15261 Connector Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 903-1000
John Robinson AF 00-308 |
| Title: | Model Characterizing Electromagnetic Pulse Response from Continuous Wave Electromagnetic Data |
| Abstract: | Military and commercial aircraft are hardened against natural lightning and HIRF (high intensity RF generated by nearby man-made radiators). Strategic military aircraft are additionally hardened against high altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (HEMP). Once an aircraft fleet is hardened against specified EM threats, the EM hardness levels must be maintained throughout the system's lifecycle. To accomplish this, each individual aircraft must be periodically evaluated. These periodic evaluations are called "Hardness Surveillance (HS)". Existing HS test techniques require hardness maintenance actions as soon as any hardness degradation is observed without regard to inherent excess design margin which may be present. We have proposed a low risk, but robust, approach for correlating Low Level Swept CW (LLCW) HS measurements to EM threats and to the actual LRU interface vulnerability levels. Such a system will significantly reduce HM costs, increase readiness of the fleet (fewer days in depot maintenance), and increased confidence in the HEMP hardness of the fleet. |
| BERNIER & ASSOC., INC.
458 Boston St Topsfield, MA 01983 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 887-8867
Leo Bernier AF 00-309 |
| Title: | Virtual Office Application for Next Generation Internet (NGI) |
| Abstract: | The Next Generation Internet is planned to be 100 to 1000 times faster than today's Internet. It will also be a functionally richer and a more secure environment. This new and still evolving technology base can and will have a profound impact on the way organizations conduct business. Groupware is another budding technology that will have a significant impact on business by making it easier for people that may be geographically dispersed to work together. The success of Groupware concepts will in large part be determined by how well this technology takes advantage of the Internet. Virtual Office concepts are one form of Groupware that attempt to create an environment where people that may be geographically dispersed can work together as though they physically shared the same office. This project explores how the evolving Internet technologies can impact and change State-of-the-Art Virtual Office concepts. |
| INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2800 28th Street Suite 306 Santa Monica, CA 90405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 581-5440
Azad M. Madni AF 00-309 |
| Title: | NGI-enabled Collaborative Planning and Management of Organizational Initiatives |
| Abstract: | The Next Generation Internet (NGI) is expected to be 100 to 1000 times faster, much more reliable, and far more secure than today's Internet. However, to realize the full benefits of NGI requires creating applications that exploit NGI's capabilities. This effort is concerned with creating virtual office applications for NGI that fully exploit the advantages of NGI. Phase I of this effort will create a system concept, technical architecture, implementation plan, and "proof-of-concept" prototype demo that clearly illustrates the dramatic improvements in performance and the major benefits that accrue from NGI utilization. These accomplishments will set the stage for a successful, risk-mitigated Phase II implementation. |
| CLEVELAND MEDICAL DEVICES, INC.
11000 Cedar Avenue Suite 130 Cleveland, OH 44106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 254-4155
Farron Dacus AF 00-310 |
| Title: | Smart Wireless Sensor and Subminiature Telemetry System |
| Abstract: | The proposed program will provide a unique new system design and a Wireless Sensor Module (WSM) that significantly extends the usability, convenience, and security of the Advanced SubMiniature Telemetry (ASMT) system for airborne testing. The Wireless Sensor addition allows for a totally cable free installation of a modern wireless style sensor and telemetry system featuring greatly improved levels of reliability, spectral efficiency, and cost effectiveness. The system can gather a variety of information, such as acceleration, air flow and pressure, and vibration from anywhere on the aircraft or store under test, without modification of standard aircraft, telemeter it to ground at ranges up to 50 miles, store large volumes of data on generic PC plaforms in IRIG-106 compliant form, maintain previously unachieved levels of reliability thus saving expensive repeated test missions, avoid suffering from and causing interference to standard upper S band systems, and do so for a small fraction of the cost of currently fielded systems. The reason these large advances are possible is a somewhat obsolete standard in typical telemetry systems that may be hugely improved by use of state of the art wireless techniques and Cleveland Medical Devices proprietary MicroRadio(TM) technology. |
| INVOCON, INC.
19221 I-45 SOUTH SUITE 530 CONROE, TX 77385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(281) 292-9903
Paul Zymowski AF 00-310 |
| Title: | Wireless Autonomous Telemetry Sensor |
| Abstract: | A need exists for miniature devices that can measure various static and aerodynamic parameters associated with flight testing of military aircraft. The sensory device must have a low profile to minimize interference with the airflow/airfoil relationships being measured. The device must be autonomous and non-intrusive. Autonomy is defined as a self-powered device, with its own transducer, that communicates its data without wires. Non-intrusive is defined as bonded attachment to an airfoil or airframe; and, subsequent removal without shape or structural damage. The proposed device is unique due to the integration of low power electronics, "stick on" installation, low profile, and integrated wireless communications. Further innovation is involved with the spectral and temporal modulation used to wirelessly transmit data from the device to a remote data recording and transmission location. The device would be invaluable to flight testing operations for quickly getting data from areas on airframes where wiring interconnect and installation difficulties currently deny access. Further, the use of such a device would reduce the cost of test equipment setup and installation. Flight test cost reductions result in lower cost aircraft with a shorter time to market. |
| CONTROL SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC.
P. O. Box 357 301 South Ferdon Crestview, FL 32536 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(850) 689-3284
Mike Chaloupka AF 00-311 |
| Title: | Advanced Global Positioning System Hybrid Simulator |
| Abstract: | CSR and IEC will take advantage of legacy hardware and software designs and the tremendous advances in high-density semiconductor technology to perform a system engineering definition for the Advanced GPS Hybrid Simulator (AGHS). This approach minimizes the scope of the effort and reduces the technical and schedule risks associated with producing the AGHS. We will use existing software as much as possible; in particular, the COTS and application code for the visualization scenario generation and the simulator receiver communication tool and numerous signal generation software models. |
| NAVSYS CORP.
14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 481-4877
Alison Brown AF 00-311 |
| Title: | Advanced Global Positioning System Hybrid Simulator |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR is to produce a GPS simulator, which incorporates the new signals and provides for controlled reception pattern antenna simulation. In Phase I a system design will be developed for the Advanced GPS Hybrid Simulator which will incorporate the capability to test new GPS technologies including (but not limited to) the new civilian and military signal structures, the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS), and the Joint Precision Approach Landing System (JPALS). This design will also include the capability to test Navigation Warfare technologies including receivers incorporating controlled reception pattern antennas (CRPA). The simulator designed for this SBIR will be a hybrid digital and Radio Frequency GPS simulator based on a re-programmable signal generator, which will allow for easy upgrading to support changes in GPS signals. The end result of Phase I will be a system engineering design report showing how the simulator will be built, what technologies will be incorporated, a capabilities assessment, and information on how the design can accommodate potential future upgrades. In Phase II the design from Phase I will be built and demonstrated. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Hartmut H. Legner AF 00-312 |
| Title: | Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) Vulnerability and Lethality Analysis |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop a new general purpose computational code to evaluate the effects of high power microwaves (HPMs) and lasers on materials and entire systems. This Personal Computer Analysis Tool for Directed Energy Weapons (PCAT-DEW) will enable the vulnerability evaluation of specific weapons systems or the lethality of specific DEWs. A key architectural design feature of the new code will be to directly utilize the detailed geometric models that have evolved over the years for detailed conventional and/or nuclear effectiveness evaluations. The leveraging of these resources makes the task of creating PCAT-DEW focus on incorporating the appropriate physical models. The Phase I effort will include the delivery of a preliminary version of PCAT-DEW including laser and HPM models. The complete code will be designed, developed, tested, demonstrated, and documented in Phase II. The key attribute of the validated PCAT-DEW code will be its ability to utilize existing structural models for weapon systems. |
| PHOTERA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
12777 High Bluff Drive San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 755-8855
Robert Bergstedt AF 00-314 |
| Title: | Flickerless Electro-Optic Imagery for Simulation and Test Instrumentation (FEISTI) |
| Abstract: | All present-day projection display devices exhibit fluctuations in their instantaneous brightness. More importantly, when used without synchronous framing to project moving objects in a weapons simulator, they also suffer from intermittent image breakup, image doubling and loss-of-image. Hence, such devices are unsuited to the testing of weapons seekers; this being particularly true whenever it becomes impractical to synchronize the framing rate of a projector with that of a seeker. In response to this problem, the present proposal addresses a novel electro-optical projection concept which provides flickerless images that remain free of artifacts no matter at what framing rate they are viewed. The concept also provides image refresh rates which are far in excess of those available with conventional projectors. Our Phase I program includes the demonstration of a flickerless and artifact-free projector that combines 1280 x 1024 resolution with high brightness and a solar-like spectrum. Although still a breadboard, this projector can be tested in conjunction with an AGM-654/K guidance unit. Meanwhile, at the conclusion of a Phase II program, we propose to provide a projector which combines the above-noted features with a flickerless frame rate in the 120-180 Hz regime. |
| AEGIS TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC.
6703 Odyssey Drive, Suite 200 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 876-1902
Philip Reiner DARPA 00-001 |
| Title: | Conductive Coating with Mid-Infrared Transparency |
| Abstract: | Recent results show that the newly emerging photonic bandgap technologies can be used to produce composite materials that exhibit energy band structures that resemble semiconductors. These structures have forbidden gaps as well as transmissive bands. The opportunity now exists to apply this technology to produce a highly concuntive transmissive window in the mid-infrared region. |
| GEOSPACE RESEARCH, INC.
550 N. Continental Blvd., Suite 110 El Segundo, CA 90245 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 322-1160
Frank Djuth DARPA 00-002 |
| Title: | MEMS RF Switches with Ultra-High Switching Speeds |
| Abstract: | The proposed investigation focuses on the research and development of a fundamentally new, high-speed, radio-frequency (RF) switch. It is designed for frequencies in the range 1-100 GHz. The switch is predicated on thin-film microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology with piezoelectric actuation. In general, piezoelectric materials develop strain when an electric field is present, which allows mechanical expansion and contraction of the material to be controlled by an applied voltage. Unlike traditional electrostatic MEMS switches, the closing force between the metal-to-metal contacts can be significantly improved by increasing the bias voltage (electric field strength) across the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is employed in the current project. Phase 1 is expected to result in the validation of a sol-gel PZT actuator for use in MEMS RF switches. This research entails the development of a prototype with a standard cantilever design. It is unimorph in nature and utilizes a single layer of PZT; it is activated by piezoelectric strain that is transverse to the imposed electric field (d31). The Phase 1 cantilever will limit the switching time to a few microseconds because of limitations brought about by the mechanical resonance frequency of the cantilever itself. This is done to alleviate the need for a costly mechanical analysis in Phase 1. However, PZT actuators will make new mechanical designs feasible in Phase 2 that will lower the switch time constant into the tens of nanoseconds range (e.g., multi-layer PZT stacks with linear (d33) piezoelectric strain modes). |
| MICROLAB
6401 E. Hummingbird Ln. Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 483-3458
Charles Wheeler DARPA 00-002 |
| Title: | Magnetic MEMS Switches for RF Missile Seeker Applications |
| Abstract: | We have developed a new type of magnetic MEMS microswitch within the past year that, based on experimental evaluations to date, should enable significant performance improvements for RF missile seeker subsystem applications. This new type of magnetic MEMS microswitch technology has several fundamental properties that we believe will provide a level of RF performance not currently available using other forms of MEMS technology. The large magnetic forces used to actuate the swith give rise very low series resistance (45 milliohms) and very large (off-state) contact separation distances (40microns), that in turn, should yield low insertion loss and high off-state isolation. Our specific Phase I plan is to design, fabricate and characterize a SPST series-configured resistive cantilever switch optimized for X-band operation (as an initial demonstration of the concept). The switch will be embedded in a 50 ohm CPW that is compatible with our MEMS fabrication technology. To support very high frequency signal propagation, the cantilever and contact region of the switch will be designed to prevent RF signal propagation through the cantilever. A thorough characterization of s-parameters will be performed to determine insertion loss, off-state isolation, and frequency bandwidth of the switch. Based on this information, a critical evaluation of the feasibility of this technology for RF missile seeker applications will be performed. |
| SEMICUBE, INC.
10509 Audubon Court Eden Prairie, MN 55347 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 925-2061
R.M. Jr. DARPA 00-002 |
| Title: | Sputter Epitaxy for MEMS Applications |
| Abstract: | MEMS technology leans heavily on the micromachining of silicon, often in polycrystalline form because the deposition temperatures required for epitaxial growth by the usual methods would damage what had achieved in prior processing steps. The use of sputter epitaxy processing provides an alternative deposition step to be carried out at temperatures low enough to preclude such damage. Depositions of multiple doped layers could be used to fabricate high-performance transducers along with interface electronics on the same substrate. Epitaxial single crystal silicon offers far superior mechanical properties (internal friction, Q, stability) which can enhance the performance of many microsensors. This Phase I project will evaluate the feasibility of using the sputter epitaxy process in MEMS applications (RF and others) by means of analysis of design approaches and evaluation of a test vehicle will be designed, fabricated and characterized. |
| ACCURATE AUTOMATION CORP.
7001 Shallowford Road Chattanooga, TN 37421 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(423) 894-4646
Carl Lewis DARPA 00-003 |
| Title: | Mortar Launched Surveillance Systems |
| Abstract: | Accurate Automation Corporation (AAC) proposes to design a miniature air vehicle system to perform over-the-horizon surveillance missions. It is important for small military field units to have an organic capability to obtain real-time intelligence information of over-the-horizon areas. During Phase I, we will design a conceptual surveillance system - from launch to recovery - with a simple, reliable deployable wing. Our approach will focus on designing the vehicle system to maximize operational radius and sensor field coverage. Design trade results of vehicle efficiency and payload capacity at the operational range for various projectile sizes will prove our concept's technical merit. We expect to achieve an integrated surveillance system design capable of rifle or mortar deployment with a maximum radius of 30 kilometers - retrievable within a 500 meter radius of its launch. |
| SYSTEMS PLANNING & ANALYSIS, INC.
2000 North Beauregard Street, Suite 400 Alexandria, VA 22311 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 474-1310
Peter Chen DARPA 00-003 |
| Title: | Mortar or Rifle Launched, Low Cost, Miniature Ballistic and Glided Flight Surveillance Sensor Systems |
| Abstract: | SPA proposes to perform a detailed performance trade-off study to investigate the feasibility of a low-cost, mortar-launched, lighter-than-air system for over-the-horizon battlefield surveillance. The mortar launched lighter-than-air recoverable sensor (MOLTARS) system will provide U.S. military ground forces with greater battlefield situational awareness. This system will be fired from a standard 60mm mortar and will possess a cruise and loiter capability of at least two hours. The sensor system will return to the launch site for retrieval. During the Phase I effort, SPA will perform a detailed study to determine the optimal system configuration. The proposed system will be primarily comprised of commercial off-the-shelf components. One critical technology, the bag inflation system, will be prototyped and experimentally demonstrated during the Phase I effort. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
20600 Gramercy Place, Building 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Igor Ternovskiy DARPA 00-004 |
| Title: | Automatic Representation of Image-Extended Singularities (ARIES) Target Classification Algorithm |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes an entirely new classification algorithm to detect and classify targets of interest. It is based on an advanced brand of analytic geometry of manifolds, called theory of catastrophes. POC's Automatic Representation of Image-Extended Singularities (ARIES) is a scalable 3D model representation and provides automatic and real-time analysis of a discrete frame of sensed 2D imagery of terrain, urban, and target features. It then transforms this frame of discrete different-perspective 2D views of a target into a 3D continuous model called a pictogram. The unique local stereopsis feature of ARIES modeling is the surprising ability to locally obtain a 3D pictogram from a single monoscopic photograph. For DARPA, the ARIES 3D modeling, combined with more standard change detection algorithms and 3D terrain feature models, will constitute a novel classification algorithm and a new type of 3D digital battlefield imagery for Imaging Systems. For the first time, the locally-stereoscopic and fully-scalable ARIES 3D model representation will be able to synthesize a highly accurate 3D image continuum from significantly-dispersed (less than or equal to 6 degrees angular separation) discrete 2D-projections. Thus, providing significant data reduction, while still preserving essential image features. |
| JAYCOR, INC.
9775 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 623-3718
Norbert Wild DARPA 00-005 |
| Title: | Low Cost, Miniature RF MASINT Unattended Sensor Systems |
| Abstract: | The current battlefield RF environment is complicated with traditional sources, e.g., communications, radar and jamming, as well as other less powerful sources such as vehicles, munitions, computers, power distribution equipment, and ancillary electronic equipment. Recent advances in electronic miniaturization facilitate the design and ultimate development of a deployable, stand-alone sensor for battlefield RF MASINT. Phase I will produce a technical paper assessing battlefield RF signatures, a trade-space study of sensitivity, size and number of sensors for optimal coverage, plus recommendations and schematics for high pay-off sensors. Ruggedness and low-cost will be emphasized to enable redundant data gathering and increased operability and confidence in the acquired RF data stream. Additionally, Phase I activities will include a review of emerging low power internet communication systems. |
| AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP.
9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 369-3633
Glenn Jackson DARPA 00-007 |
| Title: | CUAV for Precise Deployment of Communications/Sensor Packages |
| Abstract: | The best solution to deliver small, covert communications/ sensor packages is an autonomous airborne vehicle that operates outside the enemy's threat envelope: the Clandestine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (CUAV). Aurora Flight Sciences proposes to explore CUAV designs that emulate natural or common airborne objects to deploy covert packages on the highest local terrain "perch" for maximum line-of-sight viewing. This strategy enables the delivery vehicle to loiter or cruise in the enemy's area of operation and identify the optimal site for covert package delivery. Aurora will apply its expertise in UAV configuration synthesis, flight control design, and scene interpretation to create a CUAV system to meet the Concept of Operations. Aurora will investigate a range of designs, trading cost, covertness, and military effectiveness and using the requirements to down-select for Phase II prototyping and system demonstration. Aurora Flight Sciences is an internationally recognized leader in the development and rapid prototyping of unconventional military and civilian UAV configurations. Aurora has 10 years of successful UAV design, fabrication, and operation experience, including high-altitude UAVs, Micro-Air Vehicles, Vertical Take-off and Landing UAVs, planetary UAVs, and aerodynamically unstable Unmanned-Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) prototypes. |
| CONDUCTUS, INC.
969 W. Maude Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94086 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 523-9484
John Ramsden DARPA 00-008 |
| Title: | Miniature Cryoelectronic Receivers |
| Abstract: | Cryogenic receiver "front ends" that incorporate high-temperature superconducting (HTS) filters and low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) have proven to significantly improve the performance of several kinds of communications receivers. A barrier to their integration in certain classes of systems has been their size and weight. We propose to design a miniature cryogenic receiver front end where the entire cryo-module weighs less than 2 pounds. This will be accomplished by reducing the amount of cooling required from the system cryocooler so that one of the existing 0.25 W cryocoolers can be used. Specifically, the RF input and output cabling will be targeted for reduction of the heat input. All aspects of current design approaches will be reviewed and improved where possible. |
| ADA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
8100 Shaffer Parkway, Suite #130 Littleton, CO 80127 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 792-5615
Craig Turchi DARPA 00-009 |
| Title: | Photocatalytic Self-Decontaminating Surfaces |
| Abstract: | Chemical and Biological (C/B) warfare is now considered one of the most serious threats of the modern world. In recognition of this threat, the US military continues to seek out and develop new decontamination methods and chemicals. The challenge is to develop countermeasures that can rapidly detoxify a broad range of potential C/B warfare agents without harming personnel or damaging equipment. Of great value would be passive, "self-decontaminating" methods that require little input from the soldier. These surfaces would function even if the threat is unperceived and could augment or replace other, more labor-intensive decontamination procedures. The goal of the proposed work is the development of a self-decontaminating coating that can be applied to metals, plastics, and fabrics. The coating itself is nontoxic and can be applied prior to entering a combat situation. A light-activated catalyst within the coating serves as a powerful oxidation catalyst to decompose and detoxify C/B agents. It is well documented that self-cleaning photoactive films can be made and that these films will degrade both organic molecules and microorganisms. ADA's approach is to examine the most promising film formulae known and to explore ways of utilizing existing coatings for photocatalytic use. |
| TDA RESEARCH, INC.
12345 West 52nd Avenue Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 940-2355
William Bell DARPA 00-009 |
| Title: | Catalytic Self-Decontaminating Coatings |
| Abstract: | Equipment exposed to chemical or biological (CB) agents must be decontaminated to ensure the safety of personnel and allow its continued use. Current decontamination systems either are corrosive or produce hazardous byproducts. An ideal solution to decontamination of equipment after a CB attack would be a Self-decontaminating surface that could deactivate the threat agents by a catalytic reaction at ambient temperature. TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) proposes to develop a catalytic self-decontaminating coating system for military vehicles. The planned research will build on previous and current projects at TDA to develop improved chemical agent resistant coatings (CARCs) and catalytic technologies for low-temperature oxidation of hazardous materials in air. TDA will collaborate with a leading university research group who will prepare improved catalysts. TDA will incorporate the catalysts into the coatings and evaluate their chemical resistance using methods and in-house apparatus developed for previous projects. We will collaborate with a U.S. Army unit to test the biological resistance using well-established methods. Continuing development and commercialization in Phase II and III will be assisted by industry contacts TDA has formed through previous projects. |
| ARDAL ELECTRONICS, INC.
1165 Sessions Drive Dayton, OH 45459 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 432-0040
Allan Lightman DARPA 00-010 |
| Title: | Layered Manufacturing of GRIN Optics |
| Abstract: | A layered manufacturing process is proposed for solid freeform production (SFF) of gradient index of refraction (GRIN) optics. The process will be based upon modifying a commercial off-the-shelf ink-jet printer to deposit "inks" composed of mixtures of liquid monomer and ceramic nano-particulates, each "ink" having a different concentration of ceramic. The multiple "ink" reservoir heads will provide "inks" with finely graded ceramic loadings, so that the printing process will be able to achieve concentration gradients with optical quality smoothness. The printer will be controlled by a GRIN CAD system that will optimize the performance of printed optic, using the known performance of the materials and the printer. Use of layered manufacturing will permit production of optic elements with arbitrary three-dimensional index of refraction profiles, a goal that cannot be achieved by current GRIN manufacturing systems. This system will enable a major advance in optical systems for DoD applications, providing lighter weight optics having optical properties not achievable by either current standard or GRIN lens fabrication. Furthermore, the SFF approach will yield cost-effective first-article optics and it can be scaled to meet full production needs. |
| MICROFAB TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1104 Summit Avenue, Suite 110 Plano, TX 75074 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 578-8076
W. Cox DARPA 00-010 |
| Title: | Ink-Jet Printing of Gradient Index of Refraction Lenses |
| Abstract: | We will design a 3D-ink-jet-type of printing platform capable of printing disk-shaped GRIN (gradient index of refraction) lenses greater than 5 inches in diameter, utilizing, in part, our experience in manufacturing commercial, high-temperature, polymer/micro-optics printing platforms. We will also demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for GRIN lens fabrication by formulating UV-curing optical fluids of differing refractive index and using our existing dual-print-head micro-optics printing platform to print from data files and characterize for optical performance GRIN lenses on the order of an inch in diameter of various index profiles, building on our experince in micro-jetable optical fluid formulation and micro-optics printing. |
| EGEA BIOSCIENCES, INC.
1652 Via Cancion San Marcos, CA 92069 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 744-4429
Glen Evans DARPA 00-011 |
| Title: | Comparative Gene Sequence/Expression Analysis of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Micro-Organisms |
| Abstract: | Biological warfare (BW) and bioterrorism are significant and escalating global threats. Genetic and genomic engineering made possible by the Human Genome Project may allow the customization of BW agents and escalation of the BW threat. Major problems in biological weapons defense are the identification of the biological agent, determining the pathogenic genes, and providing counter agents including vaccines and targeted antibiotics. This application will apply high-throughput DNA sequencing developed for the Human Genome Project to sequence conventional and non-conventional BW agents or near neighbors and develop this sequence information for rapid detection. Phase I will develop libraries and clone resources for determining the DNA sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis, a non-pathogenic near neighbor of Bacillus anthracis. At the option of the sponsor, other selected organisms could be substituted. Phase I will carry out pilot level sequencing of about 10% of the genome and exploit bioinformatics tools andtechniques to identify specific diagnostic sequences. Phase II will focus on completing the sequence of the BW pathogen and/or near neighbor and developing a DNA chip biosensor for the BW agent using proprietary technology developed by Egea, Inc. Phase II will also exploit the rapid expression of gene sequences as targets for diagnostic or therapeutic antibody development. |
| ONYX CONSULTING, INC.
1300 El Paseo, Suite G,PMB236 Las Cruces, NM 88001 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 243-1023
Charles Watts DARPA 00-012 |
| Title: | Improving Recall in Domain Independent Information |
| Abstract: | This project is devoted to enhancing the recall of general-purpose domain-independent information retrieval systems. Its unique contribution is the incorporation of four different sources of knowledge for evaluating the match of a particular document to a query: the broad-coverage lists of proper names ("onomastica"); the knowledge of the syntax of the text in the documents; the knowledge of the ontological-semantic properties of words in the text; and knowledge to help resolve problems with anaphoric reference as well as metonymy and other tropes in the input text. These individual sources have been researched in academia and are available to Onyx Consulting for integration and incorporation in a working proof-of-concept system. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
1660 S. Amphlett Blvd., Suite 350 San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 545-1478
Ronald Braun DARPA 00-012 |
| Title: | Ontology-Based Information Extraction from Free-Form Text |
| Abstract: | We propose an innovative combination of machine learning techniques coupled with a novel end-to-end system architecture built around a shared domain ontology to permit ontology-based information extraction (IE) from free text. Our Ontology-Based IE (OBIE) system will significantly increase end-to-end recall for the IE task while maintaining or improving precision. OBIE will accomplish this by enabling interaction between different levels of the IE processing pipeline simultaneously through a shared ontology. IE components will be developed to demonstrate increases in recall permitted by the inclusion of hierarchical knowledge in their learning algorithms. Active learning and bootstrapping algorithms will be extended to automatically learn the ontology of a new domain, to assist in training the IE components, and to reduce the burden of annotation on the end-user. Performance metrics in a variety of system configurations will allow a characterization of performance gains enabled by the proposed architecture. Phase I research and development of a proof-of-concept limited prototype will demonstrate the feasibility and utility of OBIE's ontology-based IE capability and will lay the groundwork for its Phase II implementation. |
| DISCOVERY MACHINE, INC.
265 Dogwood Ridge Road Montgomery, PA 17752 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(570) 547-6774
Todd Griffith DARPA 00-013 |
| Title: | Intelligent Adaptive Software Construction |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to show the feasibility of building a set of software tools enabling researchers (i.e. scientists, inventors, designers, planners, or investors) to represent multiple problem-solving strategies. These DiscoveryTools will allow researchers to quickly and cheaply automate discovery processes thereby increasing the productivity of R&D budgets. The tools will provide a graphical user interface for encoding the strategies (i.e. tasks, methods, and knowledge) required to solve specific problems, and will allow the users to "run" these strategies over sets of data. Most software tools attempt to retrieve or display knowledge from databases so that researchers can act on that knowledge. This research attempts to show that this can be done the other way around. Instead of supplying researchers with knowledge to solve problems, supply a program with strategies to act on the knowledge to which it has access. DiscoveryTools will allow researchers to specify multiple high-level strategies, each of which can be used to solve some set of problems. The tools assist researchers in explicating their problem-solving tasks as a hierarchy of methods and subtasks. In essence, DiscoveryTools will multiply expert researchers leaving more time and money available to pursue the most promising options. |
| INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2800 28th Street, Suite 306 Santa Monica, CA 90405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 581-5440
Azad Madni DARPA 00-013 |
| Title: | Case-Based Planning and Construction of Adaptive Software |
| Abstract: | The integration of Case-based Planning and rule-based composition of software units is a promising approach to intelligent adaptive software construction. Our R&D effort proposes a meta-level architecture, in which the base level consists of rules embodying knowledge to compose software units into larger units to achieve greater functionality, and the meta-level is a case-based planner that can retrieve similar cases and recommend specific units and compositional strategies to the rule-based composer. The case-based planner contains strategic knowledge while the rule-based composer contains domain knowledge (e.g., what the various software units are and their relationships along with how the various units can be composed into larger units). Phase I of this effort will create the design specification and "proof-of-concept" demonstration prototype along with a Phase II implementation plan. These accomplishments will pave the way for a successful, risk-mitigated Phase II implementation. |
| TERRASIM, INC.
4620 Henry Street, Third Floor Pittsburgh, PA 15213 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 681-3703
Jefferey Shufelt DARPA 00-014 |
| Title: | Visualization of Information in Support of Asymmetric Operations |
| Abstract: | This research will identify, prototype, and evaluate the utility of several techniques to take a minimal amount of geospecific data within a proposed area of operations and automatically extrapolate geotypical data in a large surrounding area. The geospecific data, primarily road networks, lines of communication, significant buildings, and representative buildings will be used to gather patterns of manmade construction to drive the automated generation or selection of suitable models and their placement in the surrounding area. We coin the term composite three dimensional geospatial environments to describe the resulting visualization that seamlessly combines geospecific and geotypical data sources. |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park, 716 N. Bethlehem Pike, Ste 30 Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-1400
Wayne Zachary DARPA 00-015 |
| Title: | Adversarial Reasoning |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a software tool called Socio-Culturally Oriented Planning Environment or SCOPE to support the analysis of adversarial reasoning in a broad context that includes both military and sociocultural factors. In the first stage of tool development, a multi-layered theoretical model of adversarial reasoning and decision making will be constructed, leveraging on recent advances in the modeling and simulation of individual cognition. We propose an innovative approach to constructing this model that will link multiple levels of phenomena - individual cognition, situational factors, sociological factors, and cultural factors. The resulting ETHOS model will be computational in nature allowing it to be transitioned into software and embedded in SCOPE to support planning and analysis of adversarial reasoning. SCOPE will consist of three major subsystems: (1) a model-development subsystem that supports development of ETHOS-based models for specific situations; a What-if Adversarial Cognitive Wargaming subsystem that supports wargames by providing ETHOS-generated opponent responses; and (3) a Post-Simulation analysis subsystem that captures the results of a wargame and supports analysis of the action-counter-action sequence and the reasoning and decision making processes executed by the ETHOS model. |
| EVOLVING LOGIC
21280 Colina Drive Topanga, CA 90290 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 836-0958
Steve Bankes DARPA 00-015 |
| Title: | Incorporating Adversarial Reasoning in COAA Planning |
| Abstract: | A key challenge for adversarial reasoning within COAA planning tools is capturing both the full range of information planners have about adversaries' future actions and the true extent of their uncertainty. Evolving Logic develops software technology to facilitate Computer Assisted Reasoning (CAR ), a new method for planning under conditions of deep uncertainty, which combines the best features of traditional decision analysis and scenario-based planning. The technology provides a general object-oriented framework for encapsulating a wide variety of simulation models, performing computational experiments on them, and visualizing the results. In this proposed project, Evolving Logic will demonstrate how the CAR approach and enabling software technology can address the problem of adversarial reasoning. In particular, the approach can capture diverse information about adversaries by employing ensembles of a variety of different model representations, can effectively use these ensembles for planning by findingstrategies robust against a range of plausible future scenarios, and can naturally support an interactive planning process through its inductive approach to quantitative reasoning. When fully developed, CAR-based planning tools will give military and business planners a facile means to evaluate plans in the face of imperfect knowledge about adversaries' potential actions. |
| SCALABLE SIMULATION SOLUTIONS
2500 Angelo Drive Los Angeles, CA 90077 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 477-4320
Julian Hsu DARPA 00-016 |
| Title: | QualNet: Real-Time Service Provisioning Over Mixed Wired and Wireless Networks |
| Abstract: | The growing commercialization of the Internet and the heterogeneous traffic requirements from a diverse set of new applications, has created strong demand for provisioning of service guarantees. The problem is compounded by the anticipated future growth in the wireless Internet and the resulting need for the QoS provisioning to adapt dynamically to a network with diverse bandwidth and loss characteristics. The objective of this SBIR effort, over two phases, is to design, evaluate, and implement scalable algorithms for real-time provisioning/ protection of end-to-end communication services subject to meeting quality of service, security and reliability requirements, over unreliable, heterogeneous IP networks that include both wired and wireless components. The QoS metrics of interest include bandwidth guarantees as well as delay and packet loss bounds to account for soft QoS degradation. The objective of the Phase I study is to evaluate the effectiveness and degree of responsiveness of different packet marking and buffer management schemes in provisioning QoS metrics in a wired IP network, and to develop novel multi-layer approaches for real-time QoS provisioning that exploit interactions between the MAC, network, transport, and application layers in a network that includes wired and wireless subnets. |
| LIGHTEL SYSTEMS CORP.
462 Herndon Parkway, Suite 203 Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 834-1155
Nara Kamath DARPA 00-017 |
| Title: | Applications for Multi-Terabit Networking |
| Abstract: | Lightel has discovered a design approach that maps the computing model with the communication protocol models and the transmission infrastructure. This approach has resulted in designs that are not only compatible between each of these different models and existing networking solutions but provide fundamentally integrated network solutions to solve the problems of QoS and convergence. Lightel design makes use of the bandwidth multiplying capability of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) of optical/Laser signals over optical fiber, and maps these transmission capacities with the computing and software open system interface designs. The result is mapping of processes, tasks, daemons and program to program communication threads in the computing model to the different wavelength streams and, if required, sub channels within the wavelength streams. These design concepts enable to project the computing, processing, and communications intelligence of one device through the wavelength streams to another device very efficiently at the required high speeds with practically no flow control and no media contention. In doing so, the design will create systems with zero latency computing and communications that can send multiple traffic types to be delivered simultaneously to the receiving device, creating a fundamental solution for convergence of voice, data and video. |
| TRILOKOM
124 Vista Circle Drive Sierra Madre, CA 91024 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 836-5545
Jayant Shukla DARPA 00-017 |
| Title: | Applications for Multi-Terabit Networking |
| Abstract: | Trilokom proposes to develop algorithms and hardware to provide a cost effective solution to the security problem for ultra high-speed networks. Our system will have a plug-in hardware module with pipelined architecture that will be able to provide encryption at various levels in the open systems interconnect (OSI) networking model. This allows the system to be much more flexible and user friendly, while relieving the CPU of the compute intensive work. We will draw upon existing and emerging commercial technologies to develop the plug-in hardware module. This module will be useful for high-speed networked applications such as interactive video and large scale virtual private networks (VPNs). A key challenge is to keep the cost of the hardware low, and we will explore innovative hardware architectures and develop new compact and high speed encryption algorithms. At the end of Phase I, we will deliver our design for a high-speed networked application. We will provide detailed information about the component technologies and our integration methodology for the COTS and custom components. |
| HYSIGNAL, INC.
2309 Pacific Coast Highway, Suite 104 Hermosa Beach, CA 90254 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 376-7193
David Wright DARPA 00-018 |
| Title: | Alternative High-Bandwidth Communications Technologies |
| Abstract: | Secure terminals for Alternative High-Bandwidth Communication (AH-BC) systems oriented towards distributed computing applications and based on commercial communication facilities will be researched and a demonstration system will be developed. Key issues include: characteristics of the access medium; suitable protocols for data transfer on the AH-BC; and, especially, security for privacy and against unauthorized usage. We believe the preferred access medium for AH-BC is the new generation of commercial processing satellites ("SuperSats"), currently under construction - e.g. Spaceway and Astrolink. SuperSats' features include: datalink layer with negligible error rate; multiple earth coverage cells interconnected using ATM; very small, low cost, terminals; one-hop mesh connections; large available bandwidth - with fine-grained allocation on demand; low usage costs - all highly desirable for AH-BC. Since the Supersats will not begin service until after Phase I of this SBIR R&D, we propose to use available commercial medium speed DSL service for a Phase I demonstration and to focus on the protocol and security issues during Phase I. Planning for Phase II prototype development of a AH-BC SuperSat terminal will be formulated during Phase I, also. We believe commercialization of this R&D has immense potential for future government and private sector business. |
| SECURE COMPUTING CORP.
2675 Long Lake Road Saint Paul, MN 55113 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(651) 628-1538
Mike Carney DARPA 00-018 |
| Title: | Secure High Performance VPNs |
| Abstract: | Commercially available VPN solutions provide secure links between fixed sites. Some also support remote users, but those typically lack adequate security features and are difficult to configure and use. This effort provides DARPA remote users with a secure, easy to use and configure, high bandwidth solution for connection to their office. The solution allows remote users to establish VPN tunnels directly or over the Internet via a local ISP connection using dial-up, cable modems, or DSL. The VPNs will be fully IKE/IPSec compliant and provide strong remote user authentication, data privacy, authenticity and integrity. The primary Gateway and VPN management station will be Secure Computing's Sidewinder, a highly secure application level firewall that is the largest selling firewall in the government market. Remote user clients will incorporate best of breed commercially available VPN components and will be offered on Windows 95/98/2000 and NT 4.0 platforms. |
| MAYA DESIGN GROUP, INC.
2100 Wharton Street, Suite 702 Pittsburgh, PA 15203 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 488-2900
David Lucas DARPA 00-019 |
| Title: | Worldwide Workflow : Software Applications for Asynchronous Collaboration |
| Abstract: | "Worldwide Workflow" : This project explores advanced techniques for asynchronous collaboration. The work focuses on visualization, management, and vastly scalable and robust distribution methods for shared collections of any type of information. We propose to design, pototype, and test a collaborative system based on repositories of declarative data objects (UForms) -- repositories will be replicated through the use of robust computational agents ("shepherds") to form a world wide dataflow of information. The model introduces an abstraction called GRIS ("Grand Repository In the Sky). Repositories can be thought of as imperfect portals into the GRIS. Users will view the GRIS as a source of pools and streams of information that can be manipulated in both simple and subtle ways to form workflows and collaboration groups. Tools for visualization and configuring such a system will be explored and attempts will be made to blend synchronous and asynchronous collaboration methods into a spectrum of tools that fade into the background and make the data and collaboration immediately perceptible to the user. It should be natural to collaborate -- not additional work. |
| PROMIND SYSTEMS, INC.
333 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1100 Chicago, IL 60601 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(312) 460-9196
Srdjan Mijatovic DARPA 00-019 |
| Title: | Dynamic Group Workflow Collaboration Using Agent-Based Asynchronous and Fault-Tolerant System |
| Abstract: | The application focuses on Asynchronous Collaboration within Groups of Participants as well as among Groups. We utilize dynamic workflow in Agent-based system, with Agents representing Participants that can be Human or computer Applications. System utilizes dynamic information space and information routing based on context. The solution proposed is based on a fault-tolerant system. |
| PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP.
8809 Sudley Road, Suite 101 Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 368-6107
Gary Sikora DARPA 00-020 |
| Title: | Representations and Protocols for Universal Access to the World-Wide Web |
| Abstract: | Today, a problem involves the increasing number of Web Meta-language standards causing Web Masters to design the same Web sight multiple times. Driving this is the increasing trend of new devices developed within the commercial and defense sector due to technology advancements and needs driven by the information evolution. With these new devices comes a varying multimedia capability.Progeny Systems proposes using the formatting power of Extensible Markup Language (XML) technology to obtain a "write once" and "publish anywhere" approach. A Multi-Device XML (MDX) framework is defined encompassing a scalable, adaptable, portable MDX client. This architecture allows migration from a no World Wide Web impact solution, to a next generation Internet, Jini architecture providing multimedia service and MDX at the Web server. Multimedia device conformance of the XML abstraction data is performed through Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL). The appropriate XSL is generated based on the consumer device. Both multimedia tag assignment and declaration deletion methods will be researched. A bi-directional Automated Internet Operator (AIO) is implemented for voice-only devices. An open source strategy will accelerate the maturity process and acceptance through industry involvement. |
| BUSINESS & TECHNICAL SERVICES
7830 Greeley Blvd Springfield, VA 22152 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 569-9287
Edward Allard DARPA 00-021 |
| Title: | The RADICON |
| Abstract: | An uncooled thermal detector with low heat transfer connecting wires allows the detector to approach the S/N limit of a cooled photon detector. The limitation of the detector is not heat transfer. It is the thinness of the material that can be manufactured with the required mechanical integrity. A thin detector is proposed that will meet many imaging requirements and still be close to the photon S/N limit. A detector of one half the thinness would approach the limit even closer. |
| INDIGO SYSTEMS CORP.
5385 Hollister Ave, #103 Santa Barbara, CA 93111 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 964-9797
William Terre DARPA 00-021 |
| Title: | Read-Out Technology for Uncooled Thermal Imaging Arrays |
| Abstract: | The performance of an uncooled imaging system is inherently determined by the characteristics of the readout integrated circuit (e.g. noise performance, power, dynamic range, etc.), detector responsivity and thermal signal loss. Indigo Systems, through its unparalleled mixed signal design expertise, proposes to study, analyze and optimize the ultimate performance levels attainable for uncooled sensors using state-of-the-art readout integrated circuit design, semiconductor processes, detector materials and thermal insulation. The main goal is to achieve ultra low NEDT (high temperature resolution) and ultra low cost to penetrate mass production applications. Readout noise, the dominant performance limitation, will be analyzed and optimized as a function of the readout integrated circuit process, operating point, power dissipation and detector characteristics. Embedded innovative, ROIC design features and processing functions will enable the realization of a new class of state-of-the-art uncooled sensors. Current uncooled focal plane arrays require temperature stabilization which is nominally provided by a thermoelectric cooler (TEC). The TEC is eliminated through the application of an innovative method (Indigo Patent) of dynamically adjusting the microbolometer operating point within the ROIC and subsequently performing on-chip non-uniformity correction (NUC). In addition, planar semiconductor submicron processes, now commercially available, reduce considerably the complexity and the cost of the detector integration to the ROIC. This in turn enables uncooled thermal imaging systems to be lighter weight, lower power, occupy less volume and ultimately at very low cost. During Phase I, Indigo will develop and evaluate concepts for high performance (ROIC) for uncooled infrared detectors with optimum noise performance, dynamic range, power consumption, real-estate, and state-of-the-art detector material and thermal isolation. Figures of merit for the focal plan array as a function of the detector characteristics and readout architecture will be developed and analyzed. Detector and readout circuit constraints and tradeoffs will be studied for best possible performance. |
| ADVANCED SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
27970 Orchard Lake Rd., Suite 6 Farmington Hills, MI 48334 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(248) 539-0867
Hal Cantor DARPA 00-022 |
| Title: | Chip-Scale Integrated Micro-fluidic System, Including Valves and Pumps, for use in Transdermal Biological Monitoring |
| Abstract: | Advanced Sensor Technologies, Inc. (AST) proposes to develop an integrated microfluidic sensor system towards the goal of online, real-time monitoring of biological fluids, consistent with the goals of DARPA's MicroFlumes project. The MEMS microfluidic system will incorporate AST's innovative, microscopic designs for pumps, valves, fluid channels, sampling and sensing chambers. Utilizing AST's mature sensor technologies, the system will be capable of monitoring a variety of biological fluids including saliva, perspiration, urine, and, most importantly, interstitial fluid. The most promising noninvasive technique for continuous monitoring of molecules within the body is to measure interstitial fluids obtained transdermally. Due to the high concentration of capillaries in dermis, interstitial fluid concentration of relevant molecules, including blood electrolytes, stress hormones, medical and recreational drugs, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents have been shown to correlate directly with their humoralconcentration. AST's Phase II goals includes incorporation of the chip-scale MEMS microfluidic system into a "dermal patch" that will contain the interstitial fluid sampling system, calibration system, pumps, valves, sensors, and electronics for incorporation into telemetric systems. The resulting microfluidic system will have the capability to continuously monitor the concentration of a large number of relevant biological molecules continuously from ambulatory patients and soldiers. |
| BIOARRAY SOLUTIONS, LLC
120 Centennial Avenue Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 457-0300
Michael Seul DARPA 00-022 |
| Title: | Integrated Microfluidic Technologies for Molecular Level Manipulation of Biological Fluids |
| Abstract: | A program of research and development is described to develop a fully integrated biofluidic system-on-chip hosting multiplexed DNA, protein and cellular analysis. A novel methodology of on-chip flow programming, enabled by Light-controlled Electrokinetic Assembly of Particles near Surfaces (LEAPS) is introduced along with requisite tools for biofluidic chip design. Fabrication technologies and architectures are identified which support the progressive integration of on-chip flow programming and microfluidic dispensing of sample and reagents from individually programmable reservoirs with a novel optically programmable bead array technology which accommodates polymeric microbeads as well as cells in a highly parallel assay format. Specific applications of this integrated biofluidic processor to cellular functional assays include cytokine profiling as a broad-band indicator of infection. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Avenue Waltham, MA 02154 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4047
Paul Haugsjaa DARPA 00-022 |
| Title: | Integrated Microfluidic Technologies for Molecular Level Manipulation of Biological Fluids |
| Abstract: | This project will develop a new class of integrable chip-scale microfluid pumps and valves to transport fluids without regard to their properties (i.e., viscosity, ionic concentration, solid/liquid phases, or polarizability). The proposed device is a positive displacement pump without dead volumes - a problem for other mechanical pumping approaches. Our design is capable of high back-pressure, unlike electrokinetic approaches which suffer from leakage and low back pressure. Moreover, it is simple, uses little energy, and is applicable to a wide range of integrated microfluidic devices and micromechanical systems. In Phase I we will demonstrate the ability of the materials and designs to transport fluids of interest at chip scale dimensions, transport rates, and tolerances. In Phase II, prototype microfluidic devices will be built and evaluated. Foster-Miller envisions commercialization of the technology by teaming and licensing agreements with manufacturers and users in the biochip market for detection of chemical and biological warfare agents, drug discovery screening, DNA analyses, point of care clinical analyses, and environmental monitoring. This technology will be applicable to a wide variety of devices, and we have the capability and charter to work with a large number of companies, forming alliances over a broad range of applications. (p00458) |
| REDEON, INC.
124 Mt Auburn St., Suite 200N Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 942-0301
Donald Ackley DARPA 00-022 |
| Title: | Battlefield Sensing and Drug Delivery System |
| Abstract: | The objective of this project is to do a feasibility demonstration of a modular microneedle system for delivering drugs to the warfighter on the battlefield. We have developed cheap, flexible microneedle arrays for transdermal drug delivery which are painless and minimally invasive, making them an an ideal device for extended use in a battlefield environment. By arranging microneedle arrays in tandem in a laminated structure and integrating them with simple microfluidic components, a modular drug delivery system may be developed that allows the arfighter to access needed drugs, either manually or under computer control, from replacable reservoirs. Since the microneedles may be used to extract body fluids for sensing as well, the system could be used to sense the condition of the warfighter and dispense therapeutic drugs, either locally or remotely using a wireless telemetry system. During the course of the program we will fabricate and test a prototype modular system for drug delivery. |
| SEIRAD, INC.
483 Paige Loop Los Alamos, NM 87544 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 672-9525
Joe Gatewood DARPA 00-022 |
| Title: | Development of DNA Sequencing Instrumentation based on Microfluidics and Molecular Level Sensors |
| Abstract: | SeiraD is proposing to develop an innovative DNA sequencing device incorporating silicon-based microfluidics and molecular level sensors. The US government has invested over $2,000,000,000 to sequence the first human genome. This investment is expected to exceed $3,000,000,000 before the task is complete. The full potential of DNA sequence information will only be realized when multiple genomes are rapidly and inexpensively sequenced. This will be possible if the SeiraD approach proves successful. Health care therapy will be tailored to the individual patient, disease genes will be identified quickly and inexpensively, DNA damage resulting from environmental exposure will be identified before the onset of disease, and harmful biological agents will be rapidly identified. The SeiraD approach is based on research conducted by Dr. Joe Gatewood (SeiraD) while at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Dr. Gatewood and colleagues developed the nanotechnology that provides the foundation for the SeiraD approach. During the Phase I effort, SeiraD will surround a DNA-sized pore with molecular level sensors and determine if DNA sequencing is feasible using this device. The SeiraD approach has the potential for reducing the cost of sequencing an entire genome from billions to hundreds of dollars while reducing sampling time from decades to days. |
| WAVEBAND CORP.
375 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 1105 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 212-7808
Danny Eliyahu DARPA 00-023 |
| Title: | Low Timing-Jitter Semiconductor Mode-locked Laser as Fast Sampler in Analog to Digital Converter |
| Abstract: | WaveBand Corporation proposes to develop a new compact monolithic semiconductor hybrid mode-locked laser capable of producing ultrashort pulses with high timing and amplitude stability. The specially designed two-section laser will serve as a high-speed sampler in analog to digital (A/D) devices of optical communication networks. The laser will be modulated through its saturable absorber by a stable microwave signal. The absorber's nonlinearity will generate short pulses while the pulse timing will be determined by the external modulator. Moreover, since the laser is hybridly mode locked, pulse-to-pulse timing will be correlated over a substantially long period, i.e., a large number of adjacent pulses will have a uniform repetition time. Additionally, the laser will be temperature-regulated to maintain stability over time longer than the correlation time. The proposed compact laser will generate infrared (IR) pulses with an average output power of more than 10 dBm and timing jitter that is less than 10 f-sec at a repetition rate of 10 GHz. At this sampling rate and timing jitter, signal quantization with resolution of 12 bits is possible. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Drive, 5th floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4800
Phillip Stout DARPA 00-024 |
| Title: | CAD Tool for Terahertz Device Development |
| Abstract: | The overall objective of this effort is to develop a commercial quality, validated computer aided design (CAD) tool to aid in the development of THz quantum based semiconductor devices. THz device design must account for quantum effects such as quantum resonant modes, quantum mode mixing, tunneling, intersubband transitions, side wall scattering, and surface recombination. Currently, there are no CAD tools available that incorporate all the proper physics for designing THz quantum devices. The proposed quantum CAD tool will be a device simulator with the ability to investigate the operation of and generate reduced models (S-parameters) for quantum based, electronic and photonic THz sources and detectors such as quantum cascade lasers, superlattices, and multiple quantum wells. In phase I an existing quantum simulator, NEMO, will be coupled to drift-diffusion and/or hydrodynamic models to enable multi-scale studies of semiconductor devices. Physics for optical pumping effects will be added to the AC analysis to allow the study of laser illuminated devices such as a THz receiver. The quantum device simulator linked to classical models will be demonstrated and verified on several different Quantum devices using published experimental results. Finally, the tool will be integrated into CFDRC's commercial CAD environment. The integration will leverage existing commercial physics models, numerical solver, database, and GUI library technologies at CFDRC. |
| STERLING SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
22660 Executive Drive, Suite 101 Sterling, VA 20166 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 834-7535
Larry Rowland DARPA 00-025 |
| Title: | High Power Silicon Carbide Diodes With Novel Edge Termination |
| Abstract: | Sterling Semiconductor (Sterling) in conjunction with University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) will develop a a novel edge termination for SiC diodes which provides the capability to withstand 95-98% of the theoretical breakdown voltage. This edge termination also consumes less device area than other standard edge termination techniques. In Phase I our team will design and fabricate 4 kV/1A 4H-SiC Schottky diodes to test this novel edge termination of proprietary design. These diodes will serve as the basis for development of Schottky and junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes for high-power electronic components in Phase II. |
| UNITED SILICON CARBIDE, INC.
100 Jersey Ave., Bldg D New Brunswick, NJ 08901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 565-9500
Maurice Weiner DARPA 00-025 |
| Title: | Development of an Advanced High Yield Cost Effective SiC Process Technology for Manufacturing a New Class of SiC Power Devices |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop an innovative cost-effective SiC process technology that would make it possible for the first time to fabricate and commercialize a whole now class of SiC power switches covering voltages from 1,000V to 10,000V. The proposed innovative process technology, if developed successfully, would make it possible to (i) reduce the high power dissipation of SiC devices to less than 200 W/sq.cm, (ii) drastically improve SiC power device reliability when operating at high temperatures, and (iii) reduce the costs of SiC power devices as a result of the greatly improved process and device yield. In Phase I, we plan to (i) perform fundamental experiments and computer simulations to show the feasibility of the innovative technology for applications to high power devices, (ii) demonstrate experimentally the proposed innovative technology through the fabrication of a novel SiC power switch, and (iii) deliver two novel SiC power switches capable of 10 Amp-1,000V with low power dissipation by utilizing theinnovative SiC process technology. In Phase II, we will greatly improve the process technology for the commercialization development in Phase III. |
| JETEK, INC.
54 Danbury Road, No. 244 Ridgefield,, CT 06877 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 445-0104
L.David Bollinger DARPA 00-026 |
| Title: | Materials and Tools for Heterogeneously Integrated Microelectronics |
| Abstract: | We propose an exploratory development program to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel Atmospheric Rapid Thermal Processing (ARTP) concept to provide very rapid, spike-like, temperature rise and cool-down times. Initial studies show the concept meets the Rapid Thermal Process requirements of the 11/99 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for the 100nm node and beyond. A temperature rise time of >104 oC/sec has been demonstrated to date. The proposed technology utilizes convective heat transfer to the wafer from a highly repeatable and controllable, stream of hot gas. Advantages include a high heat input rate and a heat transfer mechanism that is independent of pattern or material on the wafer. The hot gas stream is generated from an atmospheric pressure, high temperature plasma. Rapid cool-down is obtained by a novel wafer holder that provides direct convective gas cooling to the wafer backside. Precisely controlled motion of the wafer through the hot gas stream provides uniform thermal treatment to the full wafer and control of the local maximum wafer temperature. The principle has been demonstrated with heat inputs in the range of 107 to108 W/m2 and temperatures up to approximately 1400oC. The proposed program will increase the ARTP capabilities by improving the heat input to 109 W/m2 and demonstrate the feasibility of the ARTP approach for advanced microelectronics by evaluating applications such as doping vertical silicon structures and multi-layer SOI formation. |
| IMAGECORP, INC.
4716 Pontiac Street, Suite 301 College Park, MD 20740 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 220-2123
Philippe Burlina DARPA 00-027 |
| Title: | Automatic Terrain Characterization and Feature Identification in FOPEN SAR Imagery |
| Abstract: | ImageCorp, Inc. proposes to develop and implement algorithms for the robust characterization of terrain cover, cultural features and topographic information from single and multi- pass processing of FOPEN SAR data. The robust classification of terrains from FOPEN imagery would significantly improve the performance of state-of-the-art Automatic Detection algorithms and provide contextual information for processing other imaging modalities such as GMTI, EO or IR. ImageCorp proposes to adopt heavy-tailed stochastic modeling approaches that are derived from physical considerations and conform to the phenomenology of the FOPEN SAR sensors. We will apply selective feature characterization in VHF and UHF bands, and develop band specific- and adaptive methods to improve segmentation. We will also use subaperture processing algorithms for the characterization and disambiguation of terrain features. We will derive contextual information from multipass exploitation to allow for false alarm mitigation. The result will bethe development of a suite of algorithms allowing for the fine site modeling of terrain features in FOPEN SAR including both man-made and natural objects. The team assembled for this proposal has extensive hands-on experience in FOPEN SAR image formation and processing, and is in a unique position to address the challenges associated with the task at hand. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.
11400 W. Olympic Blvd., Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 261-3508
Alan Pieramico DARPA 00-027 |
| Title: | Automatic Terrain Characterization and Feature Identification in FOPEN SAR Imagery |
| Abstract: | Automatic Target Detection and Cueing (ATD/C) procedures are being implemented using VHF and fully polarimetric UHF SAR to detect vehicles concealed in heavy foliage. The local terrain slope and foliage density in the treed areas significantly effect vehicle signatures, as well as the intensity of returns due to tree trunk dihedrals. Stem spacing, and diameter can be used to reduce the false alarm rate by identifying areas that are unreachable by ground vehicles. TSC proposes to develop procedures to extract a number of features from the UHF/VHF SAR imagery. Locations and types of forested regions will be determined using a multi-stage/variable window size decision tree approach. The fully polarimetric UHF data will be exploited to enhance the detectability of vertical, horizontal, and diffuse clutter sources. These polarimetric features will also be used to aid in the automatic identification of tie-points, to extract height from the multi-pass UHF data. Methods to estimate foliage density, stem spacing, and stem diameter will also be investigated. TSC will leverage existing stereo SAR techniques and software, Automatic Terrain Classification and Cultural Feature Identification software developed for DARPA and the Army Topographic Engineering Center, and image processing and general classification techniques developed during current and previous efforts. |
| VEXCEL CORP.
4909 Nautilus Court Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 444-0094
Richard Carande DARPA 00-027 |
| Title: | Automatic Terrain Characterization and Feature Identification in FOPEN SAR Imagery |
| Abstract: | Vexcel Corporation proposes to address the challenge of improving overall FOPEN Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ATD performance by providing new and innovative algorithms and software which address the possibility of extracting terrain characteristics from UHF FOPEN SAR data. In order to meet this challenge, Vexcel will bring to bear related on-going and in-house work in the area of FOPEN SAR ATD and automated feature extraction. Specifically, we will develop techniques to extract characteristics of the terrain and features in the FOPEN SAR data automatically. Through use of this information, it will be possible to both improve existing ATD algorithms in terms of detection and false alarm rates, and provide context data that may be critically important to other in-theater assets. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Narasimha Prasad DARPA 00-028 |
| Title: | Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter Based Compact Spectra-Polarimetric Active Imager for Long-Wave IR Operation |
| Abstract: | It is critical to extract maximum information from IR images for target detection, identification and classification systems. The physical information in an image is contained in basically four parameters namely the intensity, phase, polarization and wavelength of the received light. Besides acquiring intensity variations, rapid collection of corresponding polarization signatures at desired wavelengths can enhance the information content in an IR scene. Present systems are heavy (~800 lbs), slow and operationally complex. Coherent Technologies Inc. (CTI) is proposing an active device that simultaneously measures the spectral intensity and polarization content of an image in real time. The device will generate four images that correspond to each of the Stokes vector components. From Stokes components, degree and type of polarization of a scene can be ascertained. This Stokes device will be aided by a LWIR transmitter for active imaging, and a tunable acousto-optic device for wavelength selection. The entire unit will be compact and is anticipated to weigh less than 100 lbs. In Phase I, designs of a LWIR spectra-polarimeter will be generated including a performance evaluation. In Phase II, a portable, field-operated, brassboard device operating over LWIR wavelengths will be developed and delivered. |
| EQUINOX CORP.
9 West 57th Street, Suite 1650 New York, NY 10019 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(212) 421-2999
Lawrence Wolff DARPA 00-029 |
| Title: | Longwave IR Acousto-Optic SpectroPolarimeter |
| Abstract: | We propose to design and build a longwave IR spectropolarimeter using an integrated design of acousto-optics and liquid crystal technologies measuring all 4 Stokes parameters at each of a multitude of narrowpass spectral bands. This will be applied to automatic target recognition and spectropolarimetric modeling in the longwave IR region. |
| LASER ENERGETICS, INC.
4044 Quaker Bridge Road Mercerville, NJ 08619 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 977-6648
Jason Eichenholz DARPA 00-029 |
| Title: | Gain-Guiding, A New Concept for High Power Fiber Lasers |
| Abstract: | The incorporation of a new approach, gain-guiding, into high power fiber laser engineering will allow much larger mode diameters in fibers, leading to greatly increased single-mode signal powers, and substantial gain discrimination in favor of single-mode operation. The impact of this development could be as significant as the introduction of double cladding was several years ago. It will effectively increase the effective core diameter of single-mode fiber lasers thereby lessen the pump-power restrictions of diode lasers, and provide a pathway to the development of fiber lasers, lessening the deleterious impact of nonlinear effects as well as the power restrictions on the diode pump laser. Gain-guiding will require the fabrication of special fibers, in which a radially varying doping density extends over a diameter as large as several hundred microns. In the first phase of this development, we will demonstrate the increased mode size that comes from including gain guiding in a small fiber laser of intermediate power. Special fibers with radially varying doping will be acquired through collaboration with a state-of-the-art fiber research facility. A firm foundation will thus be created for the development of Kilowatt-class fiber lasers using gain-guiding in the second phase of this project. |
| BERKELEY RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
P.O. Box 241 Berkeley, CA 94701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 750-3434
Jeffry Golden DARPA 00-030 |
| Title: | Development of Optical Gating Techniques for Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Switches |
| Abstract: | On-board optical triggering of solid-state thyristors (patent pending) holds the promise of semiconductor switches having very high current, high charge transfer, and very high current rate of rise (di/dt). Advances in semiconductor lasers make possible low-cost, on-board gating of silicon devices. However, switch devices made of wide bandgap material require greater photon energy. The proposed work will identify photon sources for on-board gating of SiC and diamond based switches. Recent developments in blue-violet semiconductor lasers and high pressure flashlamp sources will be investigated. Photon source coupling, gate driver, and photon transport will be addressed. The Phase I effort includes a demonstration of on-board optical-gating techniques in a silicon thyristor and the identification of experiments with wide bandgap devices that will be performed in Phase II. |
| UNITED SILICON CARBIDE, INC.
100 Jersey Avenue, Building D New Brunswick, NJ 08901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 565-9500
John Carter DARPA 00-031 |
| Title: | Development of a High Performance SiC-Based Inverter for Motor Control Applications |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop and demonstrate a SiC inverter for controlling a three phase motor up to 5 HP in Phase I and up to 43 HP in Phase II. In Phase I, we propose to design, analyze, build, and test a SiC inverter by using initially a hybrid SiC diode/Si IGBT package. Efforts will be focused on design optimization based on inverter performance, modeling, and experimental testing. Digital signal processing controller will be used for effective and efficient control of a variable speed three phase motor. High ambient temperature testing of the inverter will be carried out so that the high temperature capability of the SiC inverter can clearly demonstrated. Power losses, inverter efficiency, and high frequency operation will be the key issues in Phase I study, which will provide the necessary information for estimating the effects of using SiC switches and diodes on an all-SiC inverter to be built in Phase II. The Phase II SiC inverter will provide the key to a 43 HP motor controller for the HMMWV demonstration. |
| ORINCON CORP.
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-5530
Peter Shea DARPA 00-032 |
| Title: | Group Tracking Algorithms for Improved MTI Performance |
| Abstract: | A surveillance system needs to accurately locate and identify not only single targets, but also groups of targets engaged in a common activity. Existing tracking systems are capable of tracking individual targets quite accurately; however, they fail to use information related to group behavior in order to improve these estimates. ORINCON proposes the development of algorithms that are able to exploit group motion and classification information in order to improve the estimate of the individual targets that are contained within the group. These techniques will improve the operational capability of existing and future surveillance systems. During this Phase I effort, ORINCON will demonstrate these algorithm enhancements within the existing Precision Fire Control Tracking (PFCT) system. |
| NIELSEN ENGINEERING & RESEARCH, INC.
526 Clyde Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 968-9457
Laurence Keefe DARPA 00-033 |
| Title: | A Self-Scaling, Two-Stage Fluidic Amplifier Device for Flow Control at Large Scales |
| Abstract: | Many of the flow control devices developed and tested in laboratory environments do not scale to realistic flow conditions, i.e., they become ineffective at high Reynolds numbers and/or high Mach numbers. This decreased effectiveness may be due either to fundamental flow physics (e.g., compressibility effects limiting effectiveness), physical limitations of the devices (limitations on jet momentum flux), or to practical energy scaling considerations (e.g., extreme sound levels, interference with other phenomena, vibration). At high Reynolds numbers, the scales of the turbulent flow dictate that micro-sized control be used, but an essential problem is that of effectively coupling micro-control with desired large scale flow effects on a flight vehicle (disparity of scales). Applying control at points of high receptivity (sharp leading/trailing edges,changes of curvature) is a solution to this scale disparity problem, but the location where the flow needs to be controlled can be some distance away from natural regions of receptivity. To solve this problem, Nielsen Engineering and Research proposes an experimental program to demonstrate the operation and technical feasibility of a non-rectangular, micro-controlled cavity,that operates to energize the boundary layer by seeding streamwise vorticity into the flow. The cavity carries its receptivity with it, and thus may be placed wherever needed to obtain the optimum control authority. In a two-stage process, micro-control adjusts the cavity response, and the cavity response generates the streamwise vorticity used for flow control. |
| PHYSICS, MATERIALS, & APPLIED MAT
1333 N. Tyndall Avenue, Suite 212 Tucson, AZ 85719 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 882-7349
Kevin Kremeyer DARPA 00-033 |
| Title: | Experimental Demonstration of No-Moving-Parts Electro-Optic High-Speed Flow Control |
| Abstract: | A no-moving-parts electro-optic actuator is described for supersonic and hypersonic flow control. The method takes advantage of the interaction of a shockwave with different fore-shock density and temperature distributions. The resulting dynamics are exploited to reduce local pressures and create pressure differentials which can be used to steer the vehicle, reduce stagnation temperatures, and potentially reduce overall drag. The method is increasingly effective and efficient with increasing Mach numbers. An experimental proof-of-concept of the method is proposed in this Phase I SBIR project. |
| ADVANCED ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
27 Industrial Blvd, Unit E Medford, NY 11763 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 430-2125
Alan Todd BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Superconducting RF Injector for High-Power Free-ELectron Lasers (FEL) |
| Abstract: | With the achievement of 1.7 kW CW IR operation at Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory and a major upgrade underway, free-electron lasers (FEL) must be considered a serious option for high-power, commercial material processing and military applications. THE key technology issue on the path to high-power FEL deployment is the demonstration of reliable, high-brightness, photo-cathode injector operation. It is this technology that is addressed in the present SBIR proposal where, in collaboration with Jefferson Laboratory, we propose to design a novel, compact, efficient high-brightness electron gun in Phase I and build and test a prototype in Phase II. This source will directly benefit both near-term commercial material processing and various military directed energy weapon (DEW) applications. The discriminating attributes of FELs are their wide-band tunability, their implicit potential for very high-power operation and the intrinsic picosecond pulse structure that promises superior performance for certain applications. Commercial applications spanning high-value-added micro-machining to low-value-added, high-throughput surface processing of metals and polymers have been demonstrated and patented. Their immediate deployment is prevented only by the availability of suitable, economic, high-power light sources that the present project seeks to demonstrate. Significant military FEL directed energy weapon (DEW), countermeasure and communication applications at various power levels also exist that will benefit from this proposed SBIR project. The development of a superconducting, photocathode gun, such as is proposed here, would provide a significant benefit in terms of improved reliability, efficiency and cost reduction for both the military and commercial FEL applications. In addition, the proposed material processing with radiation applications could lead to the development of new, beneficial on-shore high-tech, "green" manufacturing opportunities. |
| ALTAIR CENTER, LLC.
1 Chartwell Circle Shrewsbury, MA 01545 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 845-5349
Sergei Krivoshlykov BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | High-power fiber laser system based on compound-core multimode fiber |
| Abstract: | Altair Center proposes to develop high-power fiber laser system based on a novel and innovative compound-core multimode active fiber capable to operate in a single-mode regime. The compound multimode core of the fiber is designed to support propagation of a higher order mode exhibiting a sharp peak of its field in the central region of the core. The sharp-peak mode extracts energy form the entire volume of the active fiber core and concentrates it in the core central region. The output sharp-peak beam is a well-collimated waveguide mode that can be easily focused and coupled into a standard single-mode fiber. The compound-core fiber has many unique properties including the ability to operate at several different wavelengths simultaneously, wavelength selective and filtering properties, regimes of high sensitivity of the central mode peak to the external perturbations of the fiber, etc. This suggests its numerous applications in active and passive fiber based devices and sensors. The possibility of fabricating the compound-core fiber has been already demonstrated in preliminary experiments. In Phase I project, we will optimize the technology and apply it to fabrication of active version of the fiber. A prototype high-power fiber laser system will be assembled and tested in Phase II. The proposed compound-core fiber is an excellent candidate as a product in several markets, including: fiber lasers, telecommunication, wireless optical communication, electronic printing, remote sensing and monitoring, industrial cutting and welding, parametric frequency conversion, sensors, medical applications, etc. |
| APPLIED OPTOELECTRONICS, INC.
242 Kingfisher Drive Sugar Land, TX 77478 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(281) 242-2588
Wen-Yen Hwang BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Single-Mode High-Power High-Brightness Grating Coupled Surface Emitting Lasers Based on InAs/InGaSb Type-II Structures at 3 to 5 um |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop single-mode high-power high-brightness Mid-IR lasers. Previously, we have demonstrated many high-performance mid-IR lasers based on type-II structures at 2.8 to 4.7 um. We have achieved above room temperature operation for optically pumped (op) lasers at 3.4 to 4.6 um. A maximum quasi-cw output power of 1.72 W was achieved for op lasers at 3.9 mm with a pulse length of 0.1 ms and a duty cycle of 10%. For IC lasers, an output power > 300 mW at 4.2 um was achieved at 90 K with a pulse length of 10 us and a duty cycle of 10%. CW output power of 53 mW with an injection current of only 250 mA was achieved from a 4.45 æm IC laser at 80 K. For 3-um type-II IC lasers, lasing was observed up to 286 K. Nevertheless, the maximum CW output power is mainly limited by the high internal loss increasing dramatically vs. temperature. Additionally, due to the nature of edge emitting lasers, the lasing spectrum is multi modes with a linewidth > 40 nm and the beam quality is more than 10 times of diffraction limited, which strongly limit Mid-IR lasers in many important applications. In order to solve these problems simultaneously, we propose to develop novel grating coupled surface emitting lasers based on InAs/InGaSb type-II structures at 3 to 5 um. Critical military needs include IR countermeasures, remote chemical sensing for defense against biological/chemical warfare, eye-safe covert illumination, and free-space communications. Commercial markets include leak detection, chemical process control, remote chemical sensing for atmospheric pollution and drug monitoring, IR spectroscopy, and medical analyses. With the development of single-mode high-power high brightness Mid-IR GCSELs, this program should create revolution in the commercialization of mid-IR lasers to meet the potential needs of the huge defense and commercial market. |
| APPLIED PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS, L.C.
602 Explorer Austin, TX 78734 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 261-0098
Jon Mayes BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Marx Generator-Based PFN Systems |
| Abstract: | Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) are rapidly becoming attractive due to their reusability and the fact that unlike mechanical weapons which rely on magazines of explosive shells, these weapons rely on power supplies. The most attractive aspect of DEW lies in the fact that an electromagnetic missile is delivered at nearly the speed of light, negating the advantage of increasing velocity of tactical missiles. High power microwave (HPM) devices such as the Virtual Cathode (Vircator) or the Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) required large amounts of energy at several hundred kV, requiring large, massive, and complex pulsed power machines as their primary energy source. These systems are plagued with problems associated with high voltage switching and massive step-up transformers, and are primarily based on conventional Pulse Forming Network (PFN) technologies. This proposal details PROPRIETARY alternatives to the HPM source methods in the form of a Marx generator-based power supply. The proposed systems offer compact solutions that are man portable, capable of being battery powered, and offer higher repetition rates than their convention counterparts. The development of the Marx generator-based PFN systems is a relatively inexpensive method for producing repetitive, high powered, trapezoidal shaped electromagnetic pulses for driving low impedance microwave devices. In the military market, this man portable system could further control the battlefield, as well as provide portable missile defense systems. The same system is compact enough to be mounted in a missile, a conventional gun shell, or on board a fighter aircraft. |
| CVI LASER
200 Dorado Pl. SE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 296-9541
Lilian Hoines BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | DIRECTED ENERGY CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | CVI wishes to demonstrate the feasibility of producing superpolished surfaces on CaF2 for use as substrates of laser mirrors, windows, beamsplitters, etc. in the deep UV (DUV) wavelengths (<200 nm) and infrared (IR) wavelengths (>1060 nm). Smoother substrates promise to lower the scatter from the optic and improve the laser induced damage threshold (LIDT). The polishing methods proposed combine standard techniques for flouride polishing followed by glancing ion radiation polishing, while maintaining CVI's high standard for optic surface figure, or determine possible improvements in the Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT). Full evaluation of the polishing methods will include: (1) atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface roughness, (2) Total Integrated Scattering measurement (3) Interferomety investigations for correct optical surface figure (4) LIDT testing to determine if optic is improved through a better surface or degraded through induced subsurface damage or contaminants. CVI expects that laser optics made with Superpolished CaF2 will be of immediate use to our customers who manufacture the laser equipment used in metrology and IC chip manufacturing for their low scatter in the UV wavelengths, as well as those customers desiring to use higher laser power, such as weapons applications, in both the UV an IR wavelengths. |
| DIRECTED ENERGY SOLUTIONS
14125 Candlewwod Ct. Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 277-1451
Jeff Nicholson BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Electric Oxygen Iodine Laser |
| Abstract: | An electric generator of metastable, singlet delta oxygen is demonstrated which can lead to an oxygen iodine laser with a wall plug efficiency of greater than 20%. Modeling and analysis of the electric/optical interaction with the oxygen and subsequent oxygen kinetics will be completed. Characterization experiments will verify the efficiency of key electric, optical, and kinetic processes. An experiment will be performed which demonstrates electric oxygen iodine laser operation. An all electric version of a chemical oxygen iodine laser eliminates the use of toxic and explosive chemicals, improves performance, reduces operating cost, and broadens the mission areas in which this laser can be employed as a weapon. This laser could serve as the advanced technology device for the space based laser program. Its shorter wavelength and all electric operation offers significant advantages over the current chemical HF device. Technology insertion of this device into the Airborne Laser would eliminate the use of toxic and explosive chemicals saving over a billion dollars in logistic support costs over the life of the program. This technology is enabling technology which allows the oxygen iodine laser to be considered for inclusion as an offensive or defensive weapon in all services' weapons' platforms. Finally this technology will provide commercial industry with a high power, near perfect beam quality laser device for material processing applications. |
| ELECTRODYNAMICS ASSOC., INC.
409 Eastbridge Drive Oviedo, FL 32765 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 977-1825
Jay Vaidya BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Novel Light-Weight High Voltage Generator for Directed Energy Systems |
| Abstract: | Directed Energy (DE) systems require compact, lightweight power sources for high voltage power generation. In th 100 kW- 5 MW range, electromagnetic generators are difficult to construct due to the insulation problems relating to the multiple turns of output coils. This proposal addresses generator concepts based on electrostatic fields. These types of generators are a natural choice because of their operation at high voltage and low current. In the past only laboratory prototypes have been built in US, USSR, and Germany for very low power levels using this technology. This proposal extends the application to practical flightworthy and portable turbo-generators for use in aerospace vehicles, aircraft, and land based portable systems. Issues relating to selection of the electrostatic approach based on a complete system performance will be addressed during Phase I. Selected generator concept will be fully anlyzed and the system performance will be demonstrated through simulation. Conceptual generator design will be finalized with a generator design layout for use in hardware development during Phase II. Electrostatic generators produce high voltage power directly, eliminating the need for step-up transformers. They are lightweight, and efficient compared to conventional electromagnetic generators. Potential exists for applications in DoD DEW systems, as well as commercial areas such as shale oil extraction, coal de-sulphurization, coal gasification, lumber drying, and for improved asphalt road repairs. |
| ELECTRON ENERGY CORP.
924 Links Avenue Landisville, PA 17538 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(717) 898-2294
Christina Chen BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | High Performance 2:17 Permanent Magnets for Traveling Wave Tubes |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR Phase I effort is to establish the feasibility of developing high performance 2:17 rare earth permanent magnets that possess magnetic properties that are essentially constant over a temperature range of -50 to 500øC for TWT applications. The approach is to develop 2:17 rare earth permanent magnets of 2:17 phase [rare earth (RE), transition metal (TM) compounds with TM/RE ratio of 8.5] using a combination of a light rare earth (Sm) with heavy rare earths (Gd, Er, Ho) to provide a low temperature coefficient of magnetization over a wide temperature range. Gd-TM and/or Er-TM compensates the magnetization loss of Sm-TM at the lower temperature range, while Ho-TM compensates the magnetization loss of Sm-TM at the higher temperature range. These compensations will result in new 2:17 magnets that possess near zero temperature coefficients of magnetization and remanence over a broad range for such applications as TWTs. EEC and UDRI also propose to establish the feasibility of developing magnets with a TM to RE ratio less than 8.5, approaching the range of 7.5. Their recent research efforts resulted in new 2:17 type permanent magnets that have constant coercivity over a wide temperature range from 20 to 550øC. TWTs are vacuum devices that use an interaction between the microwave signal and a focused electron beam to amplify the RF to high power levels. In most (>80%) of the TWTs, the electron beams are focused by highly optimized magnetic fields from permanent magnet assemblies. Constant performance over large temperature ranges and temperature induced degradation effects are major problems that exist with permanent magnets for TWTs. Permanent magnets that maintain acceptable performance over broad temperature ranges will provide manufacturing advantages as well. They will also reduce the weight of cooling systems required to maintain magnet performance. This weight savings will translate into increased payload capability or lower cost smaller launch vehicles. The system applications include airborne radar and weapons control, ships' search and track radar, electronic counter measures, satellite and terrestrial communications terminals and missile seekers. TWTs are also used in nearly all commercial communications satellites and in most DoE accelerators and colliders. |
| FARR RESEARCH, INC.
614 Paseo Del Mar NE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 293-3886
Everett Farr BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | A Low-Jitter High Voltage Dual Gas Switch for Driving Ultra-Wideband Arrays Based on a Ferroelectric Trigger |
| Abstract: | We consider here a method of arraying multiple high-voltage gas switches with low jitter and high repetition rate. The technique takes advantage of the ferratron, which was recently developed by Farr Research. The ferratron uses a ferroelectric ceramic to inject electrons into a high-voltage gap to trigger breakdown. In this proposal we extend that technique to multiple switches by taking advantage of the fact that a single large piece of ferroelectric material must flip its polarization all at once, so it should be possible to inject electrons into multiple switches with low jitter. High power output Ultra-Wideband (UWB) systems operating at high voltages encounter efficiency problems due to corona effects as the voltage keeps on increasing. These corona effects place a practical limit on the output power achievable from a single antenna and source combination. To get around this limitation, an obvious method is to array the antennas and drive them each with a separate source at the same time, with low switch-to-switch jitter. The array can only work, however, if the two sources have low switch-to-switch jitter. The proposed switch makes a UWB array possible, thus allowing higher power systems operating at lower voltages. During Phase I we will demonstrate the principle by building a two-element switch array that is triggered by a single piece of ferroelectric material. We expect to measure a low jitter between the two switches, thus demonstrating the suitability of the proposed switch for UWB array applications. This research will lead to a new design for high-voltage Ultra-Wideband triggered sources that have a jitter low enough to allow them to drive arrays of antennas. This will be of use as a Directed Energy Weapon, or as a component of an Ultra-Wideband radar system. |
| JAYCOR, INC.
9775 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 837-9100
T. Henderson BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | High Energy Density Capacitors |
| Abstract: | A high voltage high energy density capacitor will be developed utilizing Chemical Vapor Deposited diamond. CVD diamond is the best dielectric material available, and will be deposited and formed into layers to support fabrication of high energy density capacitors. Previous measurements indicate breakdown voltages in the 3 to 4 kV/micron range and a dielectric constant of 5.5. The high temperature capability of diamond and its non-dipole crystal structure will allow rapid charge/discharge cycles without damage. During Phase I, a single layer test capacitor 5 cm. in diameter will provide 1 nano-farad of capacitance and 20 Joules of energy with an energy density of 10 kJ/kg. Phase II will develop a multi-layer capacitor in a stacked configuration to increase the energy density, capacitance, and total energy stored in the capacitor. The Phase II device is expected to have energy density greater than 25 kJ/kg, provide 100 nano-farads capacitance, and store 200 Joules of energy. Directed Energy Weapons of all types need high energy density capacitors. These capacitors will provide the energy density required for directed energy systems including lasers, radar, high power microwave, and rail guns. Many systems are limited in their operational capability or portability due to the lack of a high energy density capacitor. As the energy density decreases, the physical size becomes an important consideration in discharge times and equivalent series resistance. In addition to the energy density advantages, the high temperature capability of diamond, and its non-bipolar nature provide more tolerance of rapid charge and discharge cycles. The energy densities achieved here will support hand held pulsed power applications as well as portable and fixed systems at much higher power levels. The commercial applications of high energy density capacitors are numerous and include all the normal high power and voltage applications such as RF and non-traditional applications such as non-lethal shocker technology for personnel control and pulsed power systems to disable automobiles in high speed chases. A major commercial application is expected to be short term energy storage in electric vehicles. |
| METASTABLE INSTRUMENTS, INC.
P. O. Box 3858 Chesterfield, MO 63006 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(636) 536-1993
George Dube BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | DIRECTED ENERGY CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | The precise and timely control of the direction of laser beams is crucial to a wide variety of industrial, commercial, scientific and military activities. Examples include, material processing, projection displays, micro/nano fabrication and missile tracking/defense. A new type of lubricated adjustable optical wedge shows great promise as a beam steerer, but has yet to be optimized or tested for use with high power laser beams. Compared to Risley Wedge beam steerers this new device features higher transmission, Cartesian (not polar) adjustments and a single on-axis pivot point (no astigmatism). The purpose of this project is to demonstrate, for the first time, an adjustable optical wedge beam steerer that is compact, precise and able to handle a peak laser power density of 500 MW/sq. cm and an average laser power density of 1 kW/sq. cm. The plan is to experimentally determine those components (transparent lubricants, coatings and lenses) with the highest laser damage thresholds, assemble the best into adjustable optical wedges and measure their laser power handling capability. Initial tests will be done at a nearby university. Final tests will be done at a commercial facility for determining and certifying laser damage thresholds. The virtual lever arm design of this new type of beam steerer offers a combination of compactness, preciseness and cost effectiveness not previously available. It should replace many tilted mirrors and Risley Wedges in existing laser applications and create new applications in metrology, image stabilization, projectors and projection displays. |
| MSE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, INC.
200 Technology Way P. O. Box 4078 Butte, MT 59702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 388-0542
Jean-Luc Cambier BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generation in Space from a Repetively Detonated Device |
| Abstract: | MSE Technology Applications, Inc. (MSE) proposes to evaluate and test the concept of a hybrid device combining a Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) with a Magneto-Hydro-Dynamics (MHD) generator for electrical power generation in space. The proposed system would be designed to provide the power for Direct Energy Weapons (DEW), such as compact Free-Electron Lasers (FEL) High-Power Microwave (HPM) beams or Kinetic Energy Weapons (KEW) launched from railguns. Power extraction from stored chemicals provides more power density and flexibility than solar cells. The PDE is a novel propulsion technology which can be adapted to pulse power generation. The PDE can be approximated as a cycled, constant-volume combustion process leading to higher temperatures and therefore higher gas conductivity than constant-pressure combustion. The device is lightweight, robust, can easily be started up, and does not require high chamber pressurization. Preliminary evaluations of the hybrid concept suggest that good performance is possible. The concept presented herein improves on the earlier study by proposing a new design that would greatly improve the power to weight ratio. The concept also has a number of other important applications leading to substantial advances in aerospace propulsion and power. The proposed PDE-MHD generator concept can be used for pulse power production, with applications initially focused on space-power generation for DEWs. If successful, other applications deriving from the technology may include the following: 1) on-board power generation for aerospace vehicles; 2) hybrid PDE-MHD ejector concepts for propulsion; and 3) repetitive, non-destructive Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP) generators for battlefield and mine field applications. |
| NOVA PHASE, LLC
435 Route 206 Newton, NJ 07860 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 300-3065
Michael Scripsick BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | All Solid State Generation of UV-VUV Radiation |
| Abstract: | This Phase I research effort will characterize four nonlinear optical materials with the potential for applications in novel frequency conversion strategies in order to generate UV-VUV laser radiation via cascaded second harmonic. Distinguishing features of the proposed UV laser system include all solid state construction, high conversion efficicency, and generation of wavelengths not currently available. Particular attention will be given to the generation of 248nm and 193nm by cascaded harmonic generation of Ti:Sapphire and/or Alexandrite lasers as a replacement for existing excimer laser systems. Sources of laser radiation in the ultraviolet(UV)and vacuum ultaviolet(VUV)spectral region are increasingly important in a variety of both military and commercial applications. Military applications include countermeasures for UV tracking and targeting missles, light detection and ranging (lidar), target illumination and designation, and standoff detection of chemical and biological agents. The most notable commercial application of UV lasers is for photolithography. Other significant commercial applications include compact disk mastering, nonofabrication, optical data storage, madicine and spectroscopy. |
| Q PEAK, INC.
135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-9535
Kevin Wall BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | MPS Yb:YAG Laser |
| Abstract: | The Airborne Laser (ABL) program, for defense against theater ballistic missiles, will provide a testing ground for a number of directed-energy concepts. A crucial element of the ABL is the Illuminator Laser, currently composed of high-power, diode-pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs). Future directed-energy systems, such as the Space Based Laser (SBL), may follow the same path of the ABL system in the use of DPSSLs for tracking and target illumination. Such lasers are required to produce the combination of near-infrared wavelengths, moderate power levels and high beam quality not produced by other devices. Efficient laser operation in terms of converting electrical power to laser output is an important feature of the DPSSLs, especially for space-based systems. In the past decade, the development of DPSSLs has led to greatly improved laser efficiency and power density (in terms of Watts per pound). There still remains the opportunity to further enhance these systems by use of improved high-power, diode-laser pump sources and the low-heat-load laser material Yb:YAG. In this proposed effort we plan to use these components in a innovative, side-pumped multipass-slab laser geometry that produces a unique combination of simplicity, high efficiency and excellent beam quality, while being well suited for aircraft or space-based systems. The proposed Yb:YAG MPS commercial system would generate powers in the 50-500 W range now served by more conventional lamp-pumped Nd:YAG lasers. A MPS Yb:YAG laser with high beam quality could provide a relatively low-cost solution for precision machining applications such as marking, cutting, welding and drilling, of interest to the electronics, automotive and medical-device industry |
| SPECTRAGEN, INC.
1700 S. Mount Prospect Road Des Plaines, IL 60018 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 699-5850
Richard Jarman BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Passive Q-switches for High-Efficiency, Solid-State Eyesafe Lasers with Improved Performance |
| Abstract: | Spectragen proposes to investigate the growth of alkaline earth fluoride crystals doped with uranium ions that will demonstrate improved properties over current materials for application as passive Q-switches in lasers operating at the eye-safe wavelength of 1.5 æm. These materials will constitute an enabling technology for the development of compact, solid-state, eye-safe laser transmitters. Specific objectives are: 1, the growth of low-loss crystals of U:MF2 (M= Ca, Sr, Ba) using a modified Bridgman growth technique; 2, the characterization of electronic and structural properties of the U dopant, with the goal to identify the optimum doping conditions, and to correlate these with the crystal growth parameters; 3, the derivation of a scheme of charge compensation that will maximize the concentration of the desired U4+ ion and eliminate structural defects; 4, modeling of Q-switch performance Crystals will be grown using commercially available, high-purity fluoride starting materials, with lead fluoride added to scavenge oxygen, and direct the oxidation state of U to the desired value. Spectroscopy will be used to evaluate site symmetry and oxidation state of the U dopant. These data will be used to devise a scheme of charge compensation of the U4+ ion that will reduce crystal defects and provide improved device performance. Pulsed lasers that operate at eye-safe wavelengths have far-reaching applications in both military and commercial arenas for laser radar, rangefinding, communications, collision avoidance, environmental monitoring and atmospheric sensing |
| V CORP. TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
388 Ocean Avenue Suite 1613 Revere Beach, MA 02151 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 284-1011
Scott Velazquez BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | Very High-Performance Advanced Filter Bank Digital-to-Analog Converter (AFB DAC) |
| Abstract: | This is Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project demonstrates a breakthrough approach to very high-speed, high-resolution D/A conversion which improves the speed by up to five times the state-of-the-art by using a parallel array of individual converters. This significant performance improvements afforded by the Advanced Filter Bank Digital-to-Analog Converter (AFB DAC) architecture will be demonstrated by building and testing a pre-prototype breadboard implementation of the back-end electronics of a 14-bit AFB DAC system with 200 MHz sample rate (twice the speed of state-of-the-art). A faster 14-bit AFB DAC with 450 MHz sample rate will be developed in Phase II. The architecture works because the filter banks signal processing significantly reduces the sensitivity to analog mismatches (e.g., phase distortion, clock skew, temperature drift) which prohibit existing parallel conversion methods from achieving high resolution. The V Corp has proven the technical efficacy of the Advanced Filter Bank concept by successfully building and testing analog-to-digital converter hardware with 12-bit resolution and 260 MHz sample rate under another SBIR project. The AFB DAC architecture will always exceed the state-of-the-art because it can easily be upgraded as new, more powerful DAC products become available. The architecture is amenable to single-chip integration for compact, low power applications. Virtually any high performance modern electronics system will benefit greatly from the AFB DAC. Significant applications include enhancement of radar systems, wideband universal RF transceivers, specialized test equipment, and medical imaging systems. |
| V CORP. TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
388 Ocean Avenue Suite 1613 Revere Beach, MA 02151 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 284-1011
Scott Velazquez BMDO 00-001 |
| Title: | High-Resolution Linearity Error Compensator (LinComp) |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project demonstrates a breakthrough approach to high-resolution linearity error compensation (LinComp) using computationally-efficient digital signal processing to reduce harmonic and intermodulation distortion in digital-to-analog converters (DACs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), sampling circuitry, and radio frequency amplifiers by at least 24 dB. This technology improves the dynamic range by at least four bits, enabling very accurate synthesis of data at high intermediate frequencies (IF) with very high sample rates (e.g., 18-bit dynamic range with 100 MHz sample rate or 12-bit dynamic range at GHz sample rates). The LinComp technology reduces the size, power, and cost of radar systems and RF transceivers by eliminating much of the RF electronics and reducing the digital signal processing requirements. The significant performance improvements afforded by this approach over traditional compensation techniques will be demonstrated in Phase I by developing a system which will achieve 18-bit resolution at 100 MHz sample rate (4 bits greater than state-of-the-art). Efficient auto-calibration routines will also be perfected. A compact, realtime hardware implementation will be built in the Phase I Option. V Corp has confirmed the technical efficacy of the LinComp processing methodology by testing with state-of-the-art converters. This compensation approach requires less hardware and provides much better dynamic range than competing linearity compensation methods. Very importantly, the LinComp processor will always exceed the state-of-the-art because it can easily be upgraded as new, more powerful DAC, ADC, and amplifier products become available. During Phase II, a compact LinComp DAC prototype will be developed with a high-speed PCI-based waveform generator and RF electronics to enable high IF direct digital synthesis (DDS). The LinComp approach overcomes the critical D/A conversion bottleneck which limits performance of state-of-the-art radio frequency transceiver systems. Virtually any high-performance modern electronic system will benefit from the LinComp DAC. Significant applications include enhancement of radar systems, wideband universal RF transceivers, specialized test equipment, and medical imaging systems. |
| ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORP.
2235 Polvorosa Avenue, Suite 230 San Leandro, CA 94577 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 483-4156
Rahul Prasad BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | Time domain polarization metrology for Fiber Optic Gyroscope coils |
| Abstract: | Alameda Applied Sciences Corporation proposes to commercialize a simpler instrument to measure parasitic polarization coupling in Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) coils using a short pulse laser and making measurements in the time domain. The conventional approach uses a white light source and Fourier transforms to make the measurements. Our instrument will use a high repetition rate, short pulse (?100 ps) laser to achieve spatial resolution as small as 10 mm (versus 60 mm with white light) and characterize fiber coils up to 1 km long. The ultimate resolution is limited only by the shortest laser pulse available and depends only weakly on its coherence properties. Such short pulse lasers are commercially available and the telecommunications industry continues to develop shorter pulse lasers for faster communications. Also, the location of polarization cross coupling can be determined while the fiber coil is being wound, thereby increasing the production efficiency. The short pulse/time domain approach also gives instantaneous readings at each location, without having to wait until the entire length has been scanned. Phase I will demonstrate the concept. Phase II will develop the instrument for characterization of FOG coils. Phase III will commercialize the instrument for DoD and other customers. The proposed instrument will allow better development and cheaper manufacture of FOGs and will thus find application where FOGs are used. FOGs find use in military guidance systems, such as in ballistic missiles, missile interceptors, the precision strike navigator, while their commercial use is in the realm of GPS systems for automobiles, boats etc. |
| POWDERMET, INC.
9960 Glenoaks Blvd, Unit A Sun Valley, CA 91352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 768-6420
Andrew Sherman BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | Refractory Metal Bonded Carbon Composites |
| Abstract: | Kinetic kill vehicles rely on using hot gas divert systems to provide vehicle control enabling target intercept. With high Mach hit to kill vehicles, divert systems capable of upwards of 100g capabilities are used, requiring using high pressure, high energy (temperature) hot gas divert systems. These structures must be manufactured from refractory materials, which are currently very costly and difficult to manufacture. The proposed Phase I program will develop a refractory metal bonded carbon fiber composite suitable for use in solid divert systems. Specifically, the program will demonstrate using Powder metallurgy techniques to produce net-shape, complex components from refractory metal-carbon fiber composite alloy materials with both low (comparatively) cost and high performance. These components are suitable for hot gas valves (fluidic, pintle-operated, and poppet and seat types), nozzle structures, and other components used in kinetic kill vehicle propulsion and divert systems. Innovative powder coating and low temperature sintering technology will be used to produce and characterize refractory metal composite structures for use in divert propulsion systems. If successful, the technology developed in the proposed program will have applications to longer life vacuum heating elements, polycrystalline superabrasive and superabrasive hardfacing commercial markets. |
| RHENIUM ALLOYS, INC.
P.O. Box 245 1329 Taylor St. Elyria, OH 44036 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(440) 365-7388
Todd Leonhardt BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | KINETIC ENERGY KILL VEHICLES AND COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | The key to near net shape rhenium components will depend on the development of spherical rhenium metal powder with a low oxygen content, high density, and high flowability. It is our intention to produce spherical rhenium metal powder. This will be the enabling technology to allow the development of affordable SM-3 SDACS hot gas valve components. This new powder will allow the development of advanced manufacturing techniques such as HIP to net shape, vacuum plasma spray, and directed light fabrication. These advanced techniques will reduce the cost of manufacturing and improve reliability and repeatability. In Phase I of the SBIR, the goal is to produce spherical rhenium metal powder of the correct particle size and morphology. In Phase II, actual SM-3 SDACS components will be manufactured using these advanced techniques. We will also produce and test specimens for room temperature and elevated temperature properties on the various advanced manufacturing methods. This will allow the design engineers to fully utilize rhenium in Block I procurement. This technology is also of great interest in the commercial aerospace industry as well as the nuclear industry. We can demonstrate almost immediate dual-use for this innovation. The benefits and commercial applications that will result from this innovation are immediately evident. The development of spherical rhenium metal powder will allow the development of near-net shape (NNS) manufacturing techniques for the Navy's NTW SDACS program. This will reduce the amount of rhenium required per unit, reduce the number and cost of the machining steps required, and reduce the lead-time per unit. Commercial applications include NNS rhenium combustion chambers for satellite propulsion, crucibles for nuclear research, heat pipe applications, and other high temperature applications such as solar thermal propulsion. |
| RRR TECH
P.O. Box 305 Louisville, CO 80027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 280-2002
Robert Buchl BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | Toroidal Munition Study |
| Abstract: | Several toroidal munition designs are presented which after detonation each forms a single projectile from its central axis. Both concave and convex toroidal liners are considered in this study. One munition design has three forward-firing projectiles. Only one initiation point is required in all cases. The computer preliminary simulations were accomplished with the hydrocode EPIC96. Further study will optimize the speed, mass and profile of the projectiles. RRR Tech has written both mesh and sliding surface Fortran code to display the initial designs presented. Benefits include use by military agencies. The toroidal munitions are small and easily integrated into existing weapon systems. Commerialization applications are in the munition and demolition fields. |
| THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
499 Mount Herman Rd. Shelbyville, TN 37160 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(931) 680-1295
Henry Moody BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | Atmospheric Interceptor Externally Cooled IR Windows |
| Abstract: | The proposed program will involve the development of a Cooled Window Frame for Atmospheric Interceptor Technology (AIT). The innovations to be integrated into the frame include: a) The ability to externally cool an IR window in extreme endo-atomospheric environments, including vehicle Yaw Angel-of-Attack, b) Improving Aero-Optical performances by insuring that boundary layer transition and the associated large axial gradients in turbulence do not occur over the IR aperture, and c) Developing an "Aerodynamic Fence" to help insure that Divert Thrustor combustion products do not migrate into the seeker's Field-of-Regard. Prior externally cooled windows (HEDI and AIT) have not adequately demonstrated the ability to cool the entire window, even under most favorable conditions. Adding vehicle Yaw, the occurrence of boundary layer transition on the window, and the migration of Divert Thrustor combustion products into the FoR; further complicate the ability of an IR seeker to operate in endo-atmospheric environments. In Phase I, aerothermal and CFD analyses will support a design effort to help optimize the use of coolant for Yaw mitigation and producing boundary trips-aerodynamic fences. A prototype window frame will be fabricated. Phase II will involve test evaluation of the prototype and further improvements, optimization, and testing of cooled window frames. The Cooled Window Frame designed in the proposed Phase I Program should improve IR window cooling and IR aero-optical performance of seeker systems for hypersonic applications. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Fred Lauten BMDO 00-002 |
| Title: | High Temperature, Light Weight, Impermeable Rocket Thrust Chambers |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems, Inc. is teaming with a manufacturer of Divert and Attitude Control Systems (DACS) in order to develop lower cost and better performing high temperature propulsion components for this and future generations of DACS. Triton will combine our innovative fiber preform designs and our low-cost fabrication processes to develop DACS ceramic composite thrust chambers having, low permeability, improved durability, and reduced unit cost during production. In Phase I we will work with our team member to demonstrate the feasibility of replacing the current, expensive designs with lighter weight, higher performing and significantly less costly components. In Phase II the Triton team will further develop the ceramic composite component technologies and begin the process of qualifying the component for use on specific KVs in order to impact missile defense in the near term. CMCs are an enabling material for a range of advanced rocket propulsion components, and we are working to insure that the product and manufacturing development Trition accomplishes in this SBIR will immediately benefit both liquid and solid propulsion systems, including those being developed for launch vehicles, tacticle missiles and the next generation of reusable space vehicles. |
| ADVANCED MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
176 Waltham Street Watertown, MA 02472 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 926-6700
Joseph Gerstmann BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | High Efficiency 10K Cryocooler for Space Applications |
| Abstract: | Existing technology for cryogenic cooling of instruments, sensors, and other electronics is either overly expensive, too large and/or heavy, or inefficient. It is proposed to develop an innovative cryocooler capable of 0.5 Watts of cooling at temperatures on the order of 10 Kelvin which is more compact, lighter weight, more reliable, lower cost, and more efficient than present technology. The proposed research and development project will start by applying an inherently energy- efficient cycle to a small-scale machine and achieve a cost effective design by taking advantage of several new innovations and developments in cryogenic technology. Future space exploration programs will require more advanced thermal management technology to address the demands of ever more sophisticated sensors and instruments, and the need to build more compact space craft. The proposed cryocooler will address these challenges by developing a smaller, lighter and more efficient device than is currently available. Applications for this technology are not limited to space exploration or military applications. Existing devices such as MRI machines can benefit from improved cryogenic cooling, and high temperature superconducting devices currently under development such as electric motors and superconducting magnetic energy storage systems are also possible applications. Commercial applications for this technology fall into the categories of existing and emerging applications which require cryogenic cooling of superconducting circuits and devices. Existing applications include the superconducting current leads and SQUIDS of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, as well as other electronic applications such as superconducting communications filters used in cellular telephone networks. Emerging applications include superconducting devices currently being developed such as motors, power transformers, magnetic energy storage, and possibly transmission cable which will make use of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials. |
| ALTAIR CENTER, LLC.
1 Chartwell Circle Shrewsbury, MA 01545 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 845-5349
Igor Levitsky BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | X-Ray Detector System Based on Emissive Conjugated Polymers |
| Abstract: | ALTAIR Center proposes to develop a simple and efficient x-ray detector system for medium energy X-ray computed tomography imaging with very high spatial resolution and field-of-view based on emissive conjugated polymers. The proposed system employs the effect of strong quenching of visible light emission in the polymers under X-ray irradiation. This light quenching is detected by a CCD. Specially designed polymers will be deposited as a thin active layer on the movable plastic substrate. Polymer fluorescence can be initiated by any inexpensive source of blue/green light or applied electric field (electroluminescence). X-ray exposure induces the fluorescence quenching that is proportional to the intensity of X-ray radiation. Such detection method has a number of important advantages over traditional scincillator methods due to low scattering, high spatial resolution, large field-of-view and high miniaturization using CCD detector matrices. Also, high accuracy and stability can be attained because of relative detection of the ratio of fluorescence intensity in each pixel before and after irradiation. In phase I of the project we will demonstrate and study the effect of polymer fluorescence quenching in polymers under medium energy X-ray irradiation. In Phase II we will assemble, optimize, test and deliver to DoD a prototype X-ray detection system. In addition to such immediate applications as high resolution X-ray detector for industrial computed tomography, the proposed system can be applicable in medical and biological industry. Only minor changes in screen design are required for obtaining quick and accurate response signal to low energy X-ray radiation used in medical tomography. There is great niche market for such new cost-efficient devices. |
| AMAIN ELECTRONICS CO., INC.
1875 Angus Ave., Unit C Simi Valley, CA 93063 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 577-0583
William Mandl BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Per Pixel Digital Focal Plane with Systolic Array Image Processor |
| Abstract: | Amain has developed a new smart focal plane technology that not only addresses the issue of video data reduction but also provides a low noise, low power approach to reading pixel data digitally. Uniformity correction, thresholding, temporal filtering and other algorithms for target extraction and data reduction can be accomplished at the pixel level or on focal plane. The approach, based on classical sample theory with an added Amain patented process, provides an oversample A/D converter at each pixel site. Each pixel response is converted to a one bit digital data stream. This data is linear and without offset to the limits of the detector itself. Inherent in the pixel A/D converter is the ability to do integration, differentiation and other arithemtic processes. This provides the means to do massively parallel computations at the pixel or in an adjoining systolic array of small distributed processing elements. This new data format also simplifies displaying the image by eliminating the need for D/A or pulse width modulation at the display. An all digital imaging and display camera can be built with this newest technology using less electronics and lower power. Amain plans to develop this system for target recognition applications. This new technology provides a substantial reduction in electronic content and power consumption for all camera and display applications. It also provides new methods of image data analysis and compression that can improve image quality at lower cost. The approach is universally applicalbe to all imaging including UV, visible light and IR. It will have broad base application into home entertainment, law enforcement, personal computers, xerography as well as military systems |
| ARETE ASSOC.
333 North Wilmot Road 4th Floor Tucson, AZ 85711 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 571-8660
Anthony Gleckler BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | 3D Imaging Polarimeter Lidar System |
| Abstract: | Arete proposes a lidar sensor system that is capable of simultaneously imaging the contrast/reflectivity, 3D shape, and the polarization properties of targets and background. The ability to get three separate images of an object, where each image interacts with fundamentally different physical aspects of the target, provides significant benefit to automatic target recognition (ATR) tasks, particularly in the areas of enhanced target detection, reduction of clutter, and in segmentation (i.e., the separation of target pixels from background pixels). Because the measurements are all made with a single receiver and transmitter, the system design is simple and can be compact. Also, because the measurements are all made with a single laser pulse, there are no deleterious artifacts caused by trying to spatially or temporally register the data. This can provide outstanding discrimination capability for a number of BMDO missions. A simple compact sensor can be used in a number of applications: as a missile seeker, as an airborne or spaceborne remote sensing system, or as a sensor carried on the ground for tracking airborne objects. The three separate images (i.e., polarization, reflectivity, and 3D shape) will provide excellent data for ATR algorithms to work with. In addition, the polarization aspect of the sensor can be added to our commercial 3D terrestrial mapping sensor, which will enable the sensor to classify in greater detail the type of ground over which the sensor is flying (e.g., water, dirt, vegetation, etc.). |
| BRIMROSE CORP.OF AMERICA
5024 Campbell Blvd., Suite E Baltimore, MD 21236 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 668-5800
C.C. Wang BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | SENSORS #D (Visible (0.3-0.9 Microns): Phase Tunable Spatial Light Modulator Using Semiconductors with DX-Defects |
| Abstract: | Development of a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) capable of offering 2pi gray scale pure phase modulation with 1 mm spatial resolution is presented in this proposal. By using the DX-defect containing material CdF2:Ga, the proposed novel SLM can offer phase-only modulation on optical images with sub-millisecond framing rates and the operating spectrum spanning throughout the visible region. The DX material based SLM is polarization insensitive, operates in either transmission or reflection modes, has 100% fill factor, and offers direct optical manipulation of the input images without the cumbersome optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical signal conversions. Because the proposed DX-based SLM does not depend on pixel-wise operations, it is immune to the difficulties associated with individual pixel failures found in conventional SLMs. During this research program, the feasibility of the proposed phase-only SLM will be investigated under laboratory settings. Conclusions arrived at during the Phase I program will be adopted during the Phase II program to develop prototype phase-only SLMs ideal for optical signal processing applications. The potential commercial applications of the proposed novel spatial light modulator include optical phase correlator for optical information processing, optical signal switching and routing for telecommunication industries, optical display, and computer information processing technologies. |
| BRIMROSE CORP.OF AMERICA
5024 Campbell Blvd., Suite E Baltimore, MD 21236 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 668-5800
G.V. Jagannathan BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | SENSORS #C (UV (<0.3 Microns): A Compliant Lattice Matched Substrate c-NbN/MgO for Epitaxial Growth and Testing of Cubic Al0.60Ga0.40N for UV Detectio |
| Abstract: | Brimrose has identified a closely lattice matched compliant substrate system for direct nucleation and epitaxial growth of c-Al0.60Ga0.40N. The compliant substrate system is NbN (Niobium Nitride)/MgO (Magnesium Oxide). NbN grows epitaxially on MgO at low temperatures. c-III-V nitride grows on this NbN film directly without the need for nitridization of the substrate surface or the use of a low temperature buffer layer. The lattice mismatch of c-NbN (4.41angstrom) to c-GaN (4.52 angstrom) and c-Al0.60Ga0.40 N (4.44 angstrom, cut off UV wave length of 270nm) are -2.4% and -0.67% respectively. The main objective of the proposed program is to develop Solar Blind Photovoltaic UV Detectors. During Phase I, we will optimize the growth conditions for direct deposition of Al0.60Ga0.40N epi layers on a 1" diameter NbC/MgO compliant substrate at low growth temperatures (600-700 degreesC). We will then fabricate and test a Schottky or an MSM device structure for UV detection in order to demonstrate superior performance of c-nitride based detectors over those based on h-nitride. Phase II objectives are three fold. They are (1) Optimization of growth of Al0.60Ga0.40N on a 2" diameter NbC/MgO substrate, (2) Optimization of n- and p-type doping and (3) Production, packaging and testing of a high performance photovoltaic (PV) n-i-p, p-n UV photodetectors. At the end of Phase I representative samples will be provided to BMDO for evaluation. The success of Phase I research will result in the demonstration of, for the first time, a c-AlGaN UV detector exhibiting improved performance compared to h-AlGaN detector. Optimized PV detectors for UV detection will be useful for integration in missile defense and counter measure systems, space-to-space communications secure from detection by earth based receivers, for controlling the operation of UV light sources, UV exposure, UV astronomy, in high temperature environment applications such as flame/combustion control and in outer space. |
| BSEI
1453 Beulah Road Vienna, VA 22182 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 759-4518
Terence Barrett BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | MAP: Matched Adaptive Time-Frequency Packet UltraHigh Resolution ATR Sensor |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the reduction of false alarms and increase in speed of ATR of missiles with reduction of decoy/debris return, by transmit signal design using a matched envelope frequency-time packet signal (MAP) - the carrier of which is to be identified - and using a priori information. In Phase I, simulations will quantify S/N and ATR speed enhancement and a detailed system design. Phase II addresses hardware prototype fabrication. Fast ATR discrimination of missiles from decoys/debris. Commercial air radars with clutter mitigation in presence of known target/classes of targets. "Selective attention" for locating target/class. Increased resolution for geophysical GPRs. |
| EAST WEST ENTERPRISES, INC.
524 JORDAN LANE HUNTSVILLE, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 534-4782
RAMARAO INGUVA BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | ENHANCED MULTI SENSOR TARGET TRACKER WITH GEOMETRICALLY INVARIANT NONLINEAR FILTERS |
| Abstract: | East West Enterprises Inc., (EWE) proposes to develop a new target tracker technology based on the geometrically invariant (coordinate free) nonlinear filter of Darling and also Bayesian methods. This new tracker technology with software offers a robust and accurate method for combining multi sensor data on targets as it is based on coordinate free methodology and uses all the available information to provide state vector updates. This unique formulation will have several advantages over the Kalman filter based trackers in use: (1)coordinate free frame work allows efficient and accurate way to combine informaton from several sensors. (2) The nonlinear nature of (quadratic function of the observations) the filter gives more accuracy;(3) The Bayesian method incorporates more information than the Kalman filter again leading to better accuracy. The methodology based on sound probability theory and rigorous mathematical principles offer the most optimal method of state vector estimation and its covariance. In Phase I, EWE will focus on building an appropriate model based on the current sensors such as the ALTAIR and GBR with the proposed nonlinear filter. Computer simulation will be performed to evaluate the geometrically invariant filter based tracker algorithms. The proposed new tracker technology will have numerous applications such as for NMD,THAD, air traffic control, autonomous robotic navigation, speech recognition, target tracking , mathematical genetics, real time video coding, financial forecasting. |
| EAST WEST ENTERPRISES, INC.
524 JORDAN LANE HUNTSVILLE, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 534-4782
RAMARAO INGUVA BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | ELECTRO - OPTICAL DATA FUSION ENVIRONMENT FOR ENHANCED TARGET DETECTION AND TRACKING |
| Abstract: | East West Enterprises Inc., (EWE) proposes to develop an electro-optical data fusion system for real time fusion of infrared (IR), visible, and ladar data. A novel sensor system environment (based on WESCAM's technology) consisting of IR, visible, and ladar sensor systems mounted on a 2-axis gimbal, IR scene projector, and synthetic scene generation software will be designed for the capability of performing feasibility studies. The data collection portion of this environment will be multi-faceted with sub-systems consisting of the sensor instrumentation, the readout electronics and signal processor, and a non-real time simulation environment for verification and real time algorithm development. The readout electronics and signal processor will be running in a real time environment. Within the signal processor EWE will develop fusion algorithms using model based Bayesian methods. The electro-optical data fusion environment will be developed fully in Phase II. Using this environment the Bayesian sensor fusion algorithms will be evaluated for real time performance. Synthetically generated scenes with embedded targets corresponding to a number of realistic situations will be used in this Phase I feasibility study. Performance improvements resulting from this real time fusion environment will be quantified. EWE will design in Phase I, a prototype electro-optical real time fusion system. The proposed system will have numerous NMD and TMD applications, such as SBIRS, THAAD, and automatic target recognition , as well as Autonomous Robotic Vehicle Navigation, and Medical Diagnostics |
| EPITAXIAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1450 South Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 455-5594
Olaleye Aina BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | High Speed GaSb-based Near-Mid Infrared Photodetectors |
| Abstract: | Epitaxial Technologies proposes to develop the enabling material technology for the realization of near-mid infrared photodetectors operating in the 1.7 - 3.5 mm wavelength spectral band. We will achieve this by performing device designs to determine suitable material structures, epitaxial growth and device fabrication processes. The primary goal of this proposed Phase I effort is to demonstrate the feasibility of mid-near infrared photodetectors by developing techniques for growing highly absorbing heterostructures with high carrier confinement properties using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and projecting the detector performance that can be realised from the proposed detectors through material and device designs. In Phase II, we will further optimize the material structures and design and fabricate near-mid infrared photodetectors and optoelectronic integrated circuits based on them. This project will result in two products: photodetectors in the 1.7 - 3.5 um spectral band and the wafers for fabricating them. The photodetectors will be applicable in missile seekers, battlefield target identification and recognition systems, and eyesafe LADAR. Civilian applications include fiberoptic telecommunications, remote sensing and laser spectroscopy. |
| GT TECHNOLOGIES
19 Courtney Rd. Farmingville, NY 11738 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 696-4898
Liu Zhimin BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | MEMS IR SENSOR |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the fabrication of a novel uncooled IR detector array having significant spectrum coverage, size, weight, speed, and cost advantages over the current ones. The innovation is based on the utilization of micro-mechanical-system (MEMS) of high figures of merits and Si monolithic integration compatibility. The proposed simple MEMS photon detector structure allows optical read-out design. Optical read-out is an attractive alternative to uncooled IR imagers, which potentially eliminates the major drawback of electronic means that inevitably introduce additional thermal loss to the signal due to the contact made to the detector element. In the Phase I a high-performance MEMS photon detector coupled with a compact optical read-out system will be demonstrated. Success in the Phase I effort will identify a viable manufacturing route for advanced uncooled IR imaging array fabrication. These devices have a wide range of "dual use" applications, from various DoD's space-based applications to commercial applications of fire fighting, law enforcement, industrial control, and driver's aid. |
| HR TECHNOLOGY
1248 Cresthaven Dr. Silver Spring, MD 20903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 445-2051
Rui Yang BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Mid-IR Photodetectors Based on Type-II Quantum Wells |
| Abstract: | In this program, we propose to develop complex superlattices based on type-II InAs/Ga(In)Sb/AlSb heterostructures for mid-IR (~3-12 microns) detectors. These type-II InAs/Ga(In)Sb/AlSb heterostructures have relatively larger electron effective masses compared to the state-of-the-art IR material HgCdTe, leading to a strong reduction of leakage currents due to tunneling. Also, Auger recombination can be suppressed in these type-II InAs/Ga(In)Sb/AlSb heterostructures through band structure engineering, which has been evidenced in type-II quantum well lasers demonstrated by us and others. The phase I effort will be directed towards the design, MBE growth, characterization and optimization of type-II InAs/GaInSb/AlSb superlattices to demonstrate their feasibility for mid-IR applications. High performance detectors will be developed in Phase II. The proposed approach will greatly improve overall performance of semiconductor photodetectors in the long wavelength infrared spectrum. This research should considerably accelerate the realization and commercialization of efficient semiconductor long-wavelength infrared photodetectors to meet the demand for defense and commercial applications. |
| HYPRES., INC.
175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(914) 592-1190
Igor Vernik BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | High Resolution STJ X-ray Detectors with Annular Geometry |
| Abstract: | Superconducting X-ray detectors offer the potential for improved performance over detectors that are now commercially available. HYPRES proposes to design superconducting detectors that realize this improved performance. HYPRES will exploit its ability to produce ultra-high quality Nb STJ's with improved energy resolution. This goal will be met using specially designed STJs with annular geometry; NbN leads to enhance trapping efficiency, and, ultimately, fabrication of STJs on SiN membranes. Annular geometry STJs have already established the feasibility of performance as high-quality STJs offering stability of the operating point together with suppression of the Josephson effect and the Fiske resonances as well as reduction in quasiparticle losses. The Phase I work plan calls for calibration of annular STJs as X-ray detectors. NbN leads be added and, in Phase II, STJs will be developed on micromachined silicon nitride, 0.6 mm thick, membranes. HYPRES will become a commercial source of cost-effective, reliable high-energy resolution monolithic X-ray detectors for soft X-rays. These sensors are in demand at synchrotron sources, for X-ray astronomy, and for elemental compositional analysis. This project will produce an X-ray detector with an enhanced performance/cost ratio, suitable for application as well as in the microelectronics fabrication and metallurgy industries. |
| LICOM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
200 Innovation Blvd. Suite 236 State College, PA 16803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 234-4012
Edward Novitsky BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Parallel Polarimeter Using Liquid Crystal Patterned Phase Mask |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project is directed at developing a liquid crystal patterned phase mask that can be coupled with a CCD detector array to allow single-frame characterization of an image's polarization content in terms of Stokes vectors. A major objective of this project is to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for the use of the phase mask in a functional polarimeter through a display of its operation. Polarization imaging provides a greater set of information and can provide scene details normally inaccessible with intensity imaging alone. For example, a thin sheet of ice is normally difficult to detect with conventional imaging but is readily identified by examining its polarization signature. There is a broad interest in the effective use of polarized light in both the civilian and millitary sectors, especially with respect to hazard and target identification. Due to the adaptibility of the proposed phase mask approach, it is anticipated that real-time polarization imaging can be realized to complement existing technology and provide the end user with additional imaging enhancements. Through this development, it would be possible to carry out polarization sensing for better quality imaging for a vriety of military and commercial applications. This includes, but is not limited to, 2-D ellipsometry for sensing properties of surfaces and interfaces, spectra-polarimetry for chemical applications, remote sensing, astronomical polarimetry, polarization meteorology, and radar polarimetry. We believe that this technology development will result in a substantial cost reduction compared to currently available polarization analyzers and imagers. |
| LICOM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
200 Innovation Blvd. Suite 236 State College, PA 16803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 234-4012
Edward Novitsky BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Portable Polarimeter |
| Abstract: | Polarization imaging is a promising technique that can provide scene details otherwise obscurred with conventional intensity imaging. The polarization characteristics of radiation contain a greater amount of information about the origins of the radiation and can aid in target identification and hazard detection. This SBIR Phase I project is directed at developing a liquid crystal polarization analyzer that will form the core technology behind a real-time polarization imaging system. The approach uses innovative liquid crystal materials and structures to simultaneously accomplish the necessary polarization retardation and rotation changes. Using liquid crystals allows an all-electrical approach to polarzation imaging and offers significant advantages in terms of higher speed and lower cost over the current class of mechancially-driven devices. Since intensity imaging is a subset of polarization imaging, in essence, anywhere a conventional intensity-based imaging system is used, a polarization imaging system can be substituted. As imaging plays a vital role throughout military and commercial sectors, polarization imaging is expected to have wide-spread applications. Additionally, the proposed liquid crystal approach is well-suited for incorporation into existing technology and may obviate the need for equipment replacement. Polarization imaging systems accel at enhancing scene details, especially in low-contrast or intensity-cluttered environments. For example, polarization imaging can benefit the civilian sector, by detecting ice on airplane wings, and the military sector, by detecting partially submerged land mines. |
| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1288
Mark Arbore BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Coherent laser radar sensor with pump-resonant OPO |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this SBIR program is to develop an ultra-narrow linewidth laser technology capable of efficiently producing continuous-wave (CW) output in the mid-IR wavelength range. Such sources are required for coherent laser radar systems used for (acoustic signature)target identification. This need is particularly strong in the littoral battle environment. However, no suitable laser sources are currently available. In this program, we will demonstrate a pump-resonant optical parametric oscillator at 3.82 microns, verify kilohertz linewidth operation, and identify a technical path to Watt-level power scaling. Compact and efficient sources of single-frequency radiation are used in numerous communications and sensing systems, and in instrumentation for testing these systems. The improvements in available wavelength range and high-power operation to be developed during this project will enhance their applicability to these industries, particularly for telecommunications device testing. |
| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1219
Donna Howland BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Infrared Countermeasure Source based on Mode-locked Master Oscillator-Power Amplifier Laser |
| Abstract: | Results have shown that CW optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) can produce high power at 3.5 micron, but have problems going to longer wavelengths. Synchronously-pumped mode-locked OPOs pumped by diode-pumped solid-state lasers are emerging as solutions to the CW problems at the longer IR range. The key to obtaining longer wavelengths is short pulses, which allow shorter lengths of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) to be used since PPLN is absorptive beyond 4.3 micron. To pump the synch-pumped OPO, we propose to build a low-power (air-cooled), short-pulse source based on a mode-locked master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) laser. We will then amplify the master oscillator with a new fiber amplification approach that has recently come available from great advancements in the fiber optic technology. There are many advantages of the fiber amplifier including it's straight forward design. Although, the main risk to consider with this fiber amplification approach is driving the fiber with too much signal peak power. The nonlinear problems associated with having too much peak power could be solved by increasing the core size of the fiber relative to the cladding size. This would help because not only will the intensity decrease, but the absorption per unit length will increase. One particulary valuable application of synchronously-pumped mode-locked OPOs pumped by master oscillator-power amplifiers for the military is in high-power laser systems used for IR countermeasures (IRCM). Other applications in the commerical sector include remote sensing, spectroscopy, medical instruments, and laser display systems. Laser display systems require ~10 W per color (red/green/blue). The market for laser sources for projection displays is estimated to be 5,000 units per year starting in a few years. This is a huge business by the current standards of the solid-state laser industry. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Lev Tuchinskiy BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | High-Efficiency Low Temperature Cryocooler |
| Abstract: | A new design for low temperature cryocooler regenerators for advanced infrared sensor systems is proposed. The porous regenerator matrix includes at least two microchannel segments made of different materials whose maximum thermal capacities correspond to the temperature zones where these segments operate. One of the materials is a magnetic rare earth intermetallic compound (e.g. Er3Ni), and another one is lead. Microchannel structure of regenerator matrices offers the highest ratio of heat transfer area to pressure drop and more efficient use of heat capacity of matrix materials. The project deals with a novel patented method for fabrication of microchanneled regenerators from lead, which exhibits high heat capacity in the temperature range of 10 K-30K. The fabrication technique includes co-extrusion of Pb powders with fillers. It offers a possibility to fabricate most efficient regenerator matrices with a controlled surface area and a low fluid flow resistance. The mechanical stability and thermal performance of these regenerators is expected to be much better than that of the beds packed with spherical particles. In cryogenic applications, the high performance regenerators are instrumental in the development of small refrigerators for military infrared sensors, electronics, and superconductors. Commercial uses involve cryopumping and cooling superconducting magnets in medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, wireless communications, missile tracking, surveillance, astronomy, mapping, weather monitoring, and earth resource monitoring. |
| MICROLAB
6401 E. Hummingbird Ln. Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 483-3458
Charles Wheeler BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Far-infrared Photo Detectors based on Photo-assisted Interband Tunneling |
| Abstract: | Semiconductor detectors based on quantum wells and superlattices for Teraherz (THz) range (0.3THZ to 10THz or far infrared) have not been explored fully in comparison with detectors in shorter wavelengths. Various other approaches (Ge, GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP, HgCdTe, etc.) have been proposed and experimented, but progress has been hindered by the low sensitivity, high leakage current, and low operating temperature limitations. Here, a new device concept for the detection of THz radiation is proposed. The working principle is based on the THz photo-assisted interband tunneling in a semiconductor multi-quantum well structure under a high electric field. The proposed device has the potential advantages of high speed, high sensitivity, and wide voltage tunability. The device structure can be based on the relatively mature InGaAs/InAlAs/InP material system and the device fabrication is similar to conventional p-i-n photo-diodes. During Phase I, both theoretical and experimental studies will be carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed device concept. The Phase II work will focus on the optimization of the device structure and fabrication process to provide prototype detectors and detector arrays suitable for THz radiation detection. Sensitive, high speed and wavelength tunable THz detectors have many potential applications such as T-ray imaging, covert communication, environment sensing, and chemical agent detection. |
| MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
10386B Democracy Lane Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 293-8910
Jose Velazco BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | A Compact Cold-Cathode Electron Buncher |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will involve the experimental investigation of a compact cold-cathode microwave electron buncher (CCEB) that has diverse applications such as high-frequency radiation sources for BMDO sensors. The CCEB combines the features of novel microscopic vacuum triodes with the robust and reliable solid-state technology and should provide order of magnitude improvements in size and power over state-of-the-art counterparts. Initial studies for an X-band buncher indicate that driving the CCEB with 0.4 watts at 8.4 GHz, narrow electron bunches with a current of 30 milliamperes at a voltage of 10 kV can be achieved. The use of a reliable cold-cathode, in addition to its compactness, power efficiency and ruggedness, makes the CCEB ideal for airborne applications. Commercial applications of the CCEB include electron sources for the next generation of microwave devices such as klystrons and travelling wave tubes for satellite communications. Another key application of the CCEB is as a source of very short electron bunches for medical and industrial electron accelerators. Phase I is aimed at an initial dc study of the CCEB cathode, design of impedance matching networks, as well as particle-in-cell computer studies to establish credible estimates of beam power, input power, efficiency, maximum current and other key parameters. The CCEB should provide order of magnitude improvements in size and power over existent technologies by using a miniature gated cold-cathode which eliminates the need for heating elements and yields a super-fast turn-on microwave-driven electron source. The CCEB is a very compact, high-speed buncher that should be able to provide narrow high-frequency electron bunches for many applications. Of particular interest are electron accelerators and millimeter-wave sources for airborne radar, satellite communications, wireless television and communications, cellular telephones, and the microwave power module. |
| MS TECHNOLOGY
7922 Avenida Kirjah La Jolla, CA 92037 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 558-6363
Saeid Ghamaty BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Low Cost Magnetometer For Target Identification |
| Abstract: | MS Technology (MST) proposes to develop a new type of low cost, low power, fast and small magnetometer that could attain a sensitivity of approximately 1 femto Tesla (10-15 T) per root hertz. Magnetometers with such sensitivity could easily be used for small target identification from rifles, to vehicles, or large targets such as planes, boats and submarines, on ground, air, or water. This new magnetometer could be in a small (~SO8, ~5x4x2mm3), low power instrument package operating at ambient temperature. Such sensitivity currently requires costly superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that needs expensive and cumbersome cryogenics to operate. In Phase I, MST will quantify the performance gains possible from this new magnetometer and its measurement of magnetic field and noise in operational contexts for target identification. MST will develop system concepts, evaluate and benchmark performance, cost and compatibility for a complete magnetometer system. MST will explore all additional uses/value-added of the sensor option, and will specify hardware/software requirements and sources for a complete prototype system. MST will limit demonstration of selected sensors to provide proof of feasibility. The development of low cost, high performance, modular, miniature magnetometer delivery systems will expand the commercial markets for home and industrial security systems, industrial process monitoring systems, and environmental monitoring systems. The magnetometer would also augment the capability to detect submarines by using an array seeded around narrow traffic lanes. It could find use in detecting land and naval mines, and in making sensitive proximity fuses. Commercial uses include prospecting for mineral deposits, nondestructive testing, and research in geomagnetic and biomagnetic studies. |
| NITRONEX CORP.
616 Hutton Street - Suite 104 Raleigh, NC 27606 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 807-9100
Mark Johnson BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Pendeoepitaxy of III-Nitride Based Photodiodes for Solar Blind UV Detection and Imaging |
| Abstract: | Nitronex, in collaboration with North Carolina State University (NCSU), proposes to develop the world's first pendeoepitaxy grown aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) short wavelenth / solar blind UV heterojunction photodetector. During Phase 1, epitaxial layers for photodiode detector structures based on our proprietary pendeoepitaxy process will be synthesized and prototype structures will be demonstrated. Issues addressed during Phase 1 are the pendeoepitaxy growth of AlGaN via MOVPE; growth and doping of high mole fraction AlGaN for solar blind spectral response with x~0.50 for n-type and x~0.35 for p-type; graded active layer AlGaN heterostructure of p-i-n devices for maximized solar blind spectral sensitivity; and pendeoepitaxial device layout design rules for minimum junction leakage and maximized (D*) detectivity. The proposed device structure is a back illuminated p-on-n diode on an UV transparent substrate. With the successful demonstration of the AlGaN pendeoepitaxy approach using discrete photodiodes, an imaging focal plane array may be developed during Phase 2 via hybridization with a silicon-based readout device, as has been demonstrated by NCSU for III-nitride based visible blind UV detectors. The growth, fabrication and characterization of high mole fraction AlGaN and pendeoepitaxial structures will be performed by Nitronex personnel, using facilities at Nitronex and NCSU. Development of high-detectivity diode sensors for UV applications have the potential to replace photomultiplier tubes in `solar blind' and other applications due to their performance, cost and functional superiority. In critical DoD applications, such as UV-imagers for missile plume tracking, these detectors will be smaller, lighter weight, and more rugged than existing technologies. Other potential product applications include: Industrial flame sensing and weld imaging, UV and solar astronomy FPAs, extremely high density optical data storage, and consumer oriented personal solar exposure meters. |
| NOVA PHASE, LLC
435 Route 206 Newton, NJ 07860 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 300-3065
MIchael Scripsick BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Broad Electronically Tuned mid-IR OPO |
| Abstract: | We propose a broadly-tunable mid-IR laser based on an efficient, electronically tunable frequency conversion technique. This Phase I research effort will investigate the development of an electro-optically tuned, periodically poled optical parametric oscillator. Distingushing features of the proposed laser system include all solid state construction, a broad continuous tuning range, rapid frequency agility, and compact, rugged construction, and low cost. Frequency agile mid-IR sources are increasing important in a variety of military and commercial applications. Military applications include infrared countermeasures (IRCM, DIRCM. CMWS), standoff detection of chemical and biological weapons (LR-BSDS, SR-BSDS), standoff detection of weapons of mass destruction, and treaty verification. The proposed systems provides a low-cost, ruggedized and portable solution well suited for mass production. |
| OPTOLOCITY, INC.
7159 E. Cortez Rd. Scottsdale, AZ 85260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 991-4593
Sergio Chaparro BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Resonant-Cavity Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors |
| Abstract: | The next generation sensors and imagers will require low-cost and multi-wavelength high-performance infrared detector technology in the 3-5 mm and 8-15 mm windows. We propose to design and fabricate prototype highly efficient, radiation hard, and narrow-band resonant-cavity quantum-dot infrared photodetectors (QDIP). One of the novelties of the proposed quantum-dot infrared photodetectors is the introduction of a resonant cavity. By introducing it, a very high spectral resolution from such photodetectors is expected with a close to 100% quantum efficiency. The optical transition selection rules in semiconductor quantum dots allow normal incidence detection. This new design is potentially able to provide monolithically integrated multi-color photodetectors with a spectral response in more than 3 colors, which has not been demonstrated so far by using other materials but which is highly desirable for newer generation high performance IR photodetectors. Optolocity is committed to develop MWIR lasers and photodetectors for free space optical wireless communications, chemical sensing, IR imaging, and IRCM applications. It will license and commercialize numerous patented technologies and inventions in his research group at ASU. This Phase I program provides an opportunity to Optolocity to demonstrate a prototype resonant cavity IR quantum dot photodetector. |
| PHOTONICS LABORATORIES, INC.
University City Science Center 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 387-9970
Rachid Gafsi BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Novel Heterodimensional Sensors |
| Abstract: | The sensing element is the heart of a sensor. A generic requirement for any sensor is that it only responds to the particular stimulus since all other stimuli are considered noise. The basic physics of the operation of a sensor thus determines the limit of its sensitivity. Here we build upon a family of proposed light sensors in which sensor noise is substantially reduced by altering the nature of current transport. This is done by 1) confining the electrons in a reduced dimensional regime such as a quantum well or wire, and 2) producing a contact of a different dimension to this electron cloud. These hetero-dimensional Devices substantially affect current transport. We will fabricate and test detectors for operation in near infrared (NIR) regime that will surpass present technology in terms of dark current and responsivity. We will fabricate and test Photodiodes, Photoconductors, Schottky diodes, and HEMTs on the same monolithic substrate demonstrating the feasibility of the fabrication of all the elements necessary for a photoreceiver, or an imaging array. We show that by applying this design strategy to a different material system operation in 1300 and 1550 nm range will be possible. As result of the phase I work, devices that exceed present technology in terms of noise performanc and sensitivity will be fabricated and tested. Initial concentration is on 700-900 nm range followed by work in 1300-1550nm range. Applications of these devices are in a variety of areas, but the most promising are the following: 1. Sensory array for remote sensing. 2. Laser communication in free space 3. Wavelength Division Multiplexing receivers 4. Near Infrared Medical Imaging. |
| POLAR MATERIALS CO.
5505 Castle Manor Drive San Jose, CA 95129 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 255-8345
Gary Bush BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | SENSORS |
| Abstract: | Many uses of cryocoolers, such as spacecraft and weapons systems, place a premium on a light, compact compressor. Those applications, as well as most terrestrial applications, prize reliability, which is enhanced by eliminating rubbing parts. The standard space-qualifiable cryocooler compressor today is a variant of the "Oxford" approach, in which flexures support the piston with a clearance seal. Tactical coolers typically employ contact seals. Oxford-type compressors tend to be large; tactical coolers tend to wear out fairly quickly. The concept proposed here is a compact helium compressor using balanced diaphragms with minimal dead volume and high specific output. It will generate minimal vibration. There will be no rubbing parts to wear, and the fatigue life of the diaphragms can match that of the flexure springs in Oxford-type compressors. The proposed compressor will be scaleable over a wide range of sizes to accommodate a variety of applications where relatively high frequency operations are required. Everything needed to produce a very compact cryocooler system exists except a light weight, efficient compressor. This proposal is to design that compact compressor. The compressor will find immediate applications driving Stirling and pulse tube coolers for infrared sensors. It will also find utility wherever volume and weight are at a premium. Its low vibration characteristics will be valuable to the IC chip manufacturing process and in MRI applications. |
| RADIANT RESEARCH, INC.
3006 Longhorn Blvd, Suite 105 Austin, TX 78758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 339-0500
Suning Tang BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Monolithic Integrated Optical True-Time-Delay Modules for Wideband Phased Array Antennas. |
| Abstract: | It has been realized that the lack of enabling technology and of miniaturized system architecture of beam forming and steering network significantly slow down the process in implementing photonic phased array antenna systems. Radiant Research, Inc. proposes a compact optical switched true-time-delay network for wideband phased array antennas. The unique feature of this proposed approach is that both the true-time-delay waveguide circuit and 2x2 waveguide switches are made by using a single polymeric waveguide system and are monolithically integrated in a single substrate. As a result, it eliminates the most difficult packaging problem associated with the delicate interfaces between optical PM fibers and 2x2 optical switches. Such a monolithic approach offers more precision for the RF phase control than the fiber-delay-lines due to the sub-micrometer accuracy of lithography-defined polymeric waveguides. More important, the proposed optical switched true-time-delay network requires a very low electrical power consumption due to the low power consumption of polymeric thermo-optic waveguide switches. Furthermore, the switching performance is independent of the surrounding temperature but the local temperature difference between the two-coupled waveguides, which is ideal for airborne and space-based applications. The proposed integrated waveguide beam steering network represents a crucial technology for advanced photonic radar systems. The technology developed can also be directly employed in optical switching network for fiber-optic transmission systems. Realization of optical switched polymeric waveguide circuits represents a new technology that may create many new photonic devices with superior performance at a reduced cost. |
| SAGE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1601 N Sepulveda Blvd, P.O. 501 Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 455-0665
Keith Norsworthy BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Hyperspectral Infrared Signal Processing (HISP) |
| Abstract: | On a current SBIR Phase II program (Reference 1), SAGE Technologies Inc. has developed infrared sensor signal processing algorithms that promise significant improvements in BMD infrared sensor performance when detecting and tracking target objects that move relative to a strong background clutter. The findings show that best performance is obtained using a "Short Scan" sensor mode. This new Phase I proposal recommends a method for implementing Hyperspectral measurements that is compatible with the "Short Scan" sensor mode and should lead to further improvements in background clutter suppression and target / decoy discrimination. The new sensor design uses a Hyperspectral filter in direct contact with the cryogenically cooled detector array. The sensor image is scanned over the detector array and modified Time Delayed Integration (TDI) processing is used to derive multiple sensor images that are weighted according to their Hyperspectral properties. Preliminary discussions with industry organizations, and Government program organizations, have shown a wide degree of interest in supporting joint development of the new integrated technology. Based on this broad interest, and the possible impact on near term National Defense (Ballistic Missile Defense and Cruise Missile Defense), SAGE Technologies and its team partners expect to recommend a Fast Track approach to the technology development and technology insertion. Improved performance of Ballistic Missile Defense and Cruise Missile Defense systems, particularly in regard to the suppression of background clutter and the discrimination of targets from decoys. Commercial surveillance of crop quality and environmental pollution. |
| SENSOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY, INC.
21 Cavalier Way Latham, NY 12110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 783-4369
Remis Gaska BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Solar Blind AlInGaN Photodetectors |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop solar-blind Schottky barrier AlInGaN-based photodetectors by combining our novel Strain/Energy Band Engineering (SEBE) technology, selective area growth technique, and device passivation for the leakage current reduction. The major advantages of the proposed design are (i) reduction of strain and, thus, epilayer cracking, in selectively grown active regions of the detectors; (ii) reduction of epilayer cracking by growing nearly strain-free AlGaN-AlInGaN heterostructures. We will use AlInGaN layers and multi-layered structures with graded Al/In molar fractions in order to accommodate lattice mismatch between the substrate and active AlGaN photodetector layer. We will grow epilayers on conducting SiC substrates with conducting buffers. The conducting SiC substrates will allow us to not only to improve material quality, but will also act as bottom electrode of the detectors and detector arrays. By the end of Phase II, we will complete the development of the fabrication process for these detectors and detector arrays and scale up this technology to the production levels. Potential military and commercial applications include missile detection, flame sensing and UV spectroscopy |
| SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
3490 U.S. Route 1 Building 12 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 520-0610
J. Dries BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | A Two-Dimensional Lock-in Imaging InGaAs Focal plane Array |
| Abstract: | We propose an innovative near-infrared (0.9 æm - 1.7 æm) imaging device with synchronous detection capability. The device will consist of an InGaAs focal plane array that is "bump bonded" to an array of GaAs MESFET preamplifiers. The preamplifier architecture is unique in that the user may actively modulate the transimpedance gain of the amplifier array. This enables the system designer to fabricate an "imaging" lock-in amplifier, wherein very small signals may be extracted from a much larger ambient background if the frequency of an illuminating source is known. Such a system would have utility in covert surveillance systems and would enable the use of low-power diode laser designators. In Phase I, we will demonstrate the synchronous detector architecture using our production InGaAs linear arrays hybridized to commercially available Si transimpedance amplifiers. In addition, a linear array of pre-amps will be designed using a commercial GaAs MESFET process. In Phase II, the GaAs linear arrays will be fabricated and the final two-dimensional array designed, fabricated, and tested. Prof. S. R. Forrest of Princeton University will consult. In addition to the utility of the above device in low-light level imaging systems, there is a tremendous opportunity for commercialization of a similar product in the field of fiber optic telecommunications. Currently deployed Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) systems operate in the wavelength band of 1.530 æm - 1.565 æm and use single element InGaAs based receivers. The amplifier architecture developed within this program is directly applicable to use in DWDM systems by simply fixing the transimpedance gain at a particular value instead of actively modulating it in a synchronous detector configuration. |
| SMART PIXEL, INC.
1416, Dunrobin Rd Naperville, IL 60540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 248-7441
Renganathan Ashokan BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Large format HgCdTe/CdTe/Silicon infrared focal plane arrays based on MBE technology |
| Abstract: | The infrared technology has provided the theatrical superiority to U.S Defense. Intensive research and development efforts have led to the existence of a robust infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) technology for small and medium size formats. 256 x 256 IRFPAs are available for inclusion into military systems and 480 x 640 have been demonstrated. Ongoing production programs include JAVELIN, SADA II, JASSM, and AGM130. Large format IRFPA is a critical technology to enhance the resolution and range of detection to meet the U.S future security needs. HgCdTe IRFPAs with 1024 x 1024 elements have been identified as the candidate for the new generation of IRFPAs. The thermal mismatch between the CdZnTe and the readout circuit limits the extension to larger formats. An alternative technology is proposed here, the essence of which is the replacement of the exotic CdZnTe substrate with a readily available and inexpensive silicon (Si) substrate. We propose to exploit the recent advances in molecular beam epitaxially grown HgCdTe/CdTe/Si to produce large format (1024x1024), high resolution IRFPAs. No supplier, domestic or foreign, for mega pixel IRFPAs exists. Optimization of the proposed technology will lead to rugged, low cost, high density and high resolution IRFPAs with operability >99.9%. Large format focal plane arrays will find enormous applications in military, space and medical imaging areas for infrared imaging and low-background detection. It will be particularly suitable for military's intelligence, countermeasure operations and NASA's space based spectroscopic applications. HgCdTe based devices, with the advantage of small electron mass, high mobilities, large electron saturation velocities have considerable advantages for a variety of new micro-electronic and optoelectronic applications. SPI is fully committed to fabricate and commercialize infrared detectors and arrays if this program is successful. Smartpixel Inc will work closely with Northrop Grumman DS to integrate it into the systems. |
| SPINIX CORP.
43-301 Buena Vista Street Innovation & Technology Devens, MA 01432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 772-9867
Yi-Qun Li BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Novel Acoustic Resonat Readout Technology For IR Imaging |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the feasibility of a novel integrated sensor array for uncooled thermal imaging applications. The novel detection concept- resonating acoustic read-out detection technique proposed here will dramatically reduce the noise and increase the sensitivity of infrared photo detection. Most importantly, the detection electronics is thermally isolated from the infrared sensor electrode, therefore nearly eliminates the signal loss due to the thermal link. Success in the Phase I effort will demonstrates the validity of the concept and identify a viable fabrication route for the array which use advanced multifunctional materials. Applications of the developed sensors will have direct application to wide range of uncooled thermal imaging applications. |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 934-2100
Aaron Moy BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors with Tailored Spectral Response |
| Abstract: | Quantum dot (QD) infrared photodetectors offer promise to improve performance over current bulk material technology. Namely, QD devices can have higher detectivity and reduced needs for cryogenic cooling. An observation made with current QD detectors is the existence of a peaked response window. This is due to the quantum size effects and selection rules that QDs experience, and the fact that these conventional detector structures utilize only one specific type of QD. For this Phase I study, we propose to create multiple layers of QDs, with different layers intentionally comprised of different types of QDs. Combining these layers, each tuned to a slightly different wavelength, we can create a detector which has an overall broader spectral response window tailored to specific applications. Quantum dot infrared detectors can offer better performance with reduced need for cryogenic cooling as compared to current technology, such as HgCdTe. Infrared sensors can be applied to target detection, satellite imaging, gas spectroscopy and astronomy. |
| SY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
5170 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Suite 240 Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 922-9095
Michele Banish BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Surface Structures to Improve Sensor Systems |
| Abstract: | Lithographic technology offers opportunities to embed collection optics in detector arrays to improve fill-factor, and sensitivity for the following materials: Si, InSb, CdZnTe, CdTe, SiAs. A proposed surface structure etched into the sensing plane can perform the function of a high-performance multilayer anti-reflection coating and focus light onto the active sensing element. The impact of mating this new lithographic technology to the manufacturing process of military sensor systems is the removal of components (the microlense array and anti-reflecting coating) and minimizing the fabrication steps (microlense mounting and anti-reflective coating) while gaining sensor performance. Recent developments in photo-lithographic, interferometric-lithographic and etching technology make these multi-functional surface structures possible. The technology scales with wavelength and applies to all imaging systems. The integration of optical surfaces into focal planes improves battlespace visualization involving Army thermal imaging systems in tanks, helicopters, missiles, autonomous scout vehicles, and Mounted Battlespace Battle Lab. The Phase I effort demonstrates microlense and anti-reflective surfaces etched in electro-optic materials improve coupling of signals into electro-optic devices that support the next-generation monolithically integrated electronics. Most importantly, the technology offers sensor improvements for a broad spectral range from "UV to radar" which is key to the BMDO mission. Surface microstructures that direct light into electro-optic devices have the potential to be more rugged than conventional coatings. They also offer greatly increased design flexibility, reduced fabrication temperatures, tend to be less thermally sensitive, and do not exhibit cohesion or thermal expansion problems associated with anti-reflection coatings. They can be fabricated with existing equipment and are compatible with sensor manufacturing processes. The proposed path develops a commercial fabrication capability for focal planes and optics. Embedded surface structures are common to commercial systems for telecommunications, automotive and consumer electronics (DVD and CD players). |
| TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, INC.
5445 Conestoga Court #2A Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 443-2262
Scott Willen BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | SENSORS |
| Abstract: | Many advanced space-based reconnaissance systems critical to national security employ infrared detectors that must be cooled to 45 K and below. All current low temperature cryocoolers consume large amounts of power that significantly impact the spacecraft power budget and must ultimately be rejected to space. These cryocoolers are also heavy, very expensive, lack consistency of performance, and do not have demonstrated reliaibility. The objective of this Phase I study is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of an Efficient Low-Temperature Cryocooler (ELTC) that will provide cooling below 45 K with a Carnot efficiency greater than 10 percent. It is based upon a unique expansion engine design that is fabricated using micro-electro-mechanical systems technology. Using this technology, the ELTC will be compact, low-weight, reliable, low-cost, and have negligible vibration. Its operational capabilities include variable load capability and a distributed cold-head that can accommodate large area focal plane assemblies (FPA). These features and capaiblities will significantly reduce satellite power and heat rejection requirements, decrease overall weight, and greatly simplify cooling system integration. The capability to uniformly cool large area FPAs to temperatures of 45 K and below will enable high resolution, large field-of-view sensor systems critical for advanced space reconnaissance missions. The features of this unique cooling system will provide the capability to uniformly cool large area FPAs to temperatures of 45 K and below, ushering in an era of high resolution sensors with large field of views critical for advanced space reconnaissance missions. Development of this revolutionary cooling system will dramatically improve our nation's satellite surveillance capabilities to meet future national security needs. A modification of this technology will provide cooling from 70 K to 240 K for high-temperature superconductors, the telecommunications industry, and CMOS cooling. |
| WAVEBAND CORP.
375 Van Ness Ave, Suite 1105 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 212-7808
Danny Eliyahu BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | Tunable MMW Source Using Stable Infra-red Laser Diodes and Traveling Wave Photodetector |
| Abstract: | WaveBand Corporation proposes to develop a new tunable millimeter-wave (MMW) source compatible with MMIC technology. The source is based on a specially designed multisection distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser and ultrafast integrated photodetector. Two sections in the laser segment will provide the different infrared (IR) frequencies that later will be heterodyned into the photodetector to extract the MMWs. The device will have the ability to tune the MMW frequency by controlling the current flowing through one of the DFB sections. Noise will be reduced by a third section, which will couple the light of the two DFB sections, thus decreasing the MMW linewidth. The new source is expected to be much less expensive than the state-of-the-art MMW sources and thus has a high potential for applications as a local oscillator in sensors, MMW radars, steering antennas, and other MMIC devices. |
| XYBION CORP.
240 Cedar Knolls Road Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 538-5111
King Leung BMDO 00-003 |
| Title: | HIGH SPEED, LARGE-APERTURE ACOUSTO-OPTIC FREQUENCY MODULATION AND FREQUENCY MULTIPLEXING (AO-FM2) FOR LASER COMMUNICATION |
| Abstract: | Laser communication with satellites and remote vehicles poses particular communication problems be-cause of the severe weight, power and environmental constraints. This proposal examines a new acousto-optic (AO) technique to modulate a retro-reflected laser beam and achieve high-speed communication. The resulting system is compact, low power, low cost, and is capable of exceeding 5 Mbps. Our scalable AO technique utilizes high-speed frequency modulation to provide a high-modulation rate in the commu-nication link, while frequency multiplexing is introduced to overcome the fundamental limitation of the system-response time (imposed by the transit time of the acoustic signal across the diameter of the laser beam in the AO medium). The performance of our AO modulation technique will be examined in order to identify the optimal solution for operations on small, low power, remote platforms in support of Theater Missile Defense battle management, command, control, and communications (BMC3). Specifications, a preliminary design and a performance model will be developed for the optimal modulated retro-reflector system. The high-modulation rate, compact, and secure low-power communication provided by this sys-tem has a wide range of military and commercial applications, including communication to UAVs, covert surveillance devices, TV broadcasting and unattended ground sensors. The AO-FM2 provides an excellent solution for a number of applications, including remote secure com-munication with miniature covert surveillance devices (IUGS, special operations, etc.), ground to micro-UAV communication, and low-earth orbit satellite communication. In addition, the small size, low cost and lack of alignment requirements make is suitable for remote security camera applications, TV broad-casting, and commercial free space communication. |
| ANVIK CORP.
6 Skyline Drive Hawthorne, NY 10532 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(914) 345-2442
Nestor Farmiga BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | Optimized Microvia Generation Technology for Low-cost Manufacturing of Electronic Modules |
| Abstract: | In the manufacturing of electronic modules, microvias have enabled significant improvements in module performance, weight, and size by allowing much denser interconnects in multi-layer circuits. The microvia generating technology used to drill the vias determines not only the ultimate device density but also the economics of the entire manufacturing process. Conventional microvia generation technologies suffer from either very low speeds, or very expensive additional process steps. This proposal presents a program for developing a novel, optimized microvia generation system technology capable of via formation rates that are one hundred times or more faster than the best current technologies. This throughput improvement can be achieved without loss of the benefits of a maskless, direct-write technology which eliminates additional costly process steps. It is expected that the combined benefits of higher throughputs and direct-writing will dramatically reduce the manufacturing costs for a variety of advanced electronic modules. In Phase I we will investigate several new system concept designs, carry out performance projections, and demonstrate technical feasibility. In Phase II we will design, build and test a fully operational prototype system, which will be developed into a product to be introduced to market in Phase III. The proposed microvia generation system technology will enable significantly higher - on the order of 100X - microvia formation rates than current technologies without sacrificing the benefits of direct writing. These advances will have tremendous benefits to military and commercial advanced electronic module manufacturing, allowing significantly reduced costs. |
| AST PRODUCTS, INC.
9 Linnell Circle Billerica, MA 01821 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 663-7652
Ih-Houng Loh BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | Novel Anti-Reflective Coating to Improve Microelectronic Processings |
| Abstract: | One of the primary processes used for device patterning in the electronics industry is deep ultraviolet photolithography. However, the highly reflective substrates require reduction of this reflectivity to minimize standing waves and to maintain tight dimensional control. Most of the industry uses anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) which are applied using the spin coating technique. Unfortunately, spin coating is not a conformal coating and tends to planarize complex geometries, essentially filling in the holes and rounding the features. This results in erosion of feature sidewalls and loss of dimensional integrity. The industry requires a new process for application of ARCs which is highly conformal, has low defect density, and is equally applicable to substrates up to 12" diameter. Chemical Vapor Deposition of parylene is a mature technology that has been exploited by the electronics and medical industries for use as a conformal dielectric and biocompatible coating. Parylene, however, also has many properties desirable for ARCs, such as, excellent thickness control and uniformity, absorbance in the deep UV regime, low defect density, and superior conformality. We propose to investigate the deposition of parylene films for use as an Anti-Reflective Coating used in deep UV photolithography. We will assess parylene's suitability for use as an ARC in comparison to spin-coated ARCs. Continuing into Phase II we will develop processes and processing equipment to tailor material properties to enable the use of parylene coatings as fully-functional high performance ARCs. The availability of highly conformal (non-planarizing) anti-reflective coatings is essential for continued improvements in deep ultraviolet photolithographic processes used by the electronics industry. As the market for high performance ARCs grows toward 100 million, it is expected that CVD deposited parylene coatings, with superior conformality and low defectivity, will provide chip makers with high performance ARCs to enable them to meet continuing size reduction and production demands. |
| BEAMTEK, INC.
3149 S. Chrysler Ave. Tucson, AZ 85713 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 790-0200
Philip Lam BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | A Novel Method for Fabricating Ultra Low-Cost Radial Gradient-Index Glass Rods for Optic Communication Networks |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project proposes to develop a new fabrication technology that would lead to ultra low-cost, high quality radial gradient refractive index (GRIN) rods, which are widely used in fiber optic communications. Drastic cost reduction is expected because several cost and labor intensive manufacturing processes will be eliminated, the product yield will be increased significantly compared to current existing technologies. The estimated price for our new product is less than 20% of current price. The major part of the cost reduction results from the extremely high productivity. More than ten thousands radial GRIN rods could be fabricated from one preform with a diameter of 5cm and a length of 150 cm. Importantly, this new fabrication technology also provides excellent reproducibility and an extremely high degree of flexibility in fabricating new types of radial GRIN rods. This technology could have an enormous impact in both military and civilian-oriented optical communications, signal processing and medical imaging applications. We estimated that 50 to 200 million dollars per year could be saved in USA by developing this new fabrication technique and commercializing this new product. These low-cost radial GRIN rods will significantly expedite the realization of all optic communication networks for military and Fiber-To-The-Home(FTTH). This proposed radial gradient refractive index glass rods can be used in the rapidly increasing market of civil and military communication networks, sensor networks, computer data links, document reproduction, as well as medical imaging. |
| CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY, INC.
9036 Winnetka Ave. Northridge, CA 91324 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 727-9786
Haixing Zheng BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | A Sol-gel Derived Two Layer System for Wideband Anti Reflection Coating |
| Abstract: | Anti-reflective coatings with EMI shielding currently have heen widely used in CRT coatings. Conventional multi-layered sputtering coating with alternating high and low refractive index transparent layers has excellent properties. In order to obtain the wideband anti-reflective coating, more than four layers of coatings have to be deposited. It is the objective of this work to make a novel simple tow layer wideband AR coating via the sol-gel process. Dip coating and spin coating technologies will be used in this research. Great potential exists for this novel two layer wideband ARAS coating in over $31 billion CRT market. Our low cost fabrication of high performance AR coatings on CRT will replace the sputtering process for ARAS coatings. In addition, the low cost high performance AR coatings will readily have applications in other display application with additional a few hundred million dollar market. |
| EXOTHERMICS, INC.
44 Pine St. Extension Nashua, NH 03060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 578-9800
Stephen DiPietro BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | Lightweight, Affordable Multi-Threat Spacecraft Shielding |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses BMDO's requirement for enhancing the survivability of spaceborne reconnaissance and early warning assets against hostile and natural threats. Exothermics proposes an program to investigate development and refinement of materials and processing methods that will permit fabrication of a net-shape formed, highly affordable multithreat shield system. Key elements of the spacecraft shield system will include a carbon/carbon outer directed energy weapon (DEW) shield, a ceramic or carbon foam DEW insulation layer, and a ballistically efficient kinetic energy weapon (KEW) "mainplate" shield. The protective shield elements will be manufactured by Exothermics and it subsidiary SMJ Carbon using novel, rapid and cost-effective gas phase and liquid phase densification methods. The entire multi-layer shield system will be bonded together in one-step fashion using gas phase nitridation, further lowering system complexity, parasitic weight and unit cost. Ceramic and carbon/carbon composite test coupons made during the Phase 1 program will be subjected to high power laser irradiation and hypervelocity impact testing. This will allow the baseline performance of the materials to be documented and comparatively assessed. The Phase 1 Program will conclude with fabrication of a multi-threat demonstrator shield component which would be available for further testing. Commercial markets which could benefit from products made in support of the proposed work include: (1) Molten metals processing (launders, crucibles, pump parts, furnace liners); (2) Aerospace/defense (solid rocket motor case insulation, rocket nozzle/liner structures, thermal protection systems); and, (3) Chemical processing (toxic waste incineration, low-mass kiln furniture/insulation systems, reformer and catalysis tubes). Product sales in the vicinity of $3-5 million/year within a five year period could come about - at least partially as a result of research contributed from this program. |
| FARADAY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
315 Huls Drive Clayton, OH 45315 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 836-7749
E. Taylor BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | Low Cost Manufacturing of Advanced Electronic Modules |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will enable the development and commercialization of a key enabling technology for the low-cost high-volume manufacture of advanced electronic modules, which are critical for most of the sophisticated technology based systems required by the BMDO. Faraday Technology, Inc. proposes to develop a charge modulated electrochemical deposition (CM-ECD) process for metallization of high density interconnect (HDI) substrates for integrated circuit packaging applications. The roadmaps of NEMI and IPC have projected the need for low-cost, high-volume manufacturing of HDI substrates. Compared to the state of the art, the proposed CM-ECD process will allow 1) high rate metallization, 660-1300 nm/min compared to 25-125 nm/min, 2) metallization of large panels, 450x600 mm compared to 100x50 mm, 3) metallization of multiple feature sizes in one process step without masking, 4) robust metallization not dependent on proprietary and difficult to control plating bath additives, and 5) substantial cost reduction, at least 50%. The proposed CM-ECD process will provide a critical, enabling technology for HDI substrates - a market projected to grow from $2 billion to $24 billion (2007). HDI substrates provide advanced packaging capabilities for microelectronic products in a variety of markets. |
| LASERGENICS CORP.
6830 Via Del Oro, Suite 103 San Jose, CA 95119 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 363-9791
Sandor Erdei BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | Growth of Gallium Nitride Single Crystals by the PTFG Technique |
| Abstract: | Recently much work has been directed at the growth of epitaxial layers of the group III nitrides because of their potential application in the manufacture of blue LEDs and laser diodes. These layers have been deposited on such materials as sapphire and silicon carbide. Because of the large lattice mismatch of these materials with the nitrides, a large number of defects are generated. If large single crystals of the group III nitrides could be grown, they could be used as the substrate for these devices, resulting in a significant improvement in efficiency. The objective of our proposal is to use our new growth technique, the PTFG method, to grow large crystals of GaN. This technique can also be used for the other group III nitrides such as AlN and InN as well as for many other materials that are difficult to grow. There is much interest in blue laser diodes and LEDs. The group III nitrides are the most attractive materials for this application. The ideal substrate is single crystal wafers of the material to be grown but single crystals of appropriate size are not available. By successfully completing our program, substrates will become available that will make these devices commercially possible. |
| MOTORCARBON RESEARCH LLC
720 Mound Avenue, COS 316 PO Box 856 Miamisburg, OH 45343 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 426-4429
Joseph Hager BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | IN SITU CHEMICAL STABILIZATION OF PITCH AS AN ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR LOW-COST C-C COMPOSITES |
| Abstract: | This project addresses unit cost reduction for processing of carbon-carbon (C-C) composites from pitch-based precursors. Pitch matrices, which exhibit excellent char yield and produce graphitic rather than amorphous carbon, must currently be stabilized with a problematic oxidation step prior to carbonization, or be carbonized at high pressures. The project objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing composites using pitch-based precursors without the need for an oxygen stabilization step. This innovation is enabled through the dissolution of a chemical ingredient in the pitch, which prevents bloating during carbonization. The Phase I effort explores the effect of varying percentages of the active ingredient on the pitch viscosity as a function of temperature, and contrasts the mechanism of bloating inhibition versus that provided by conventional oxygen stabilization. Concept viability is demonstrated through the fabrication of carbonized pitch-matrix composites. The ability to use pitch as a carbon matrix precursor without requiring oxygen stabilization may revolutionize the way carbon-carbon is produced. Since the chemical additive is distributed throughout the matrix, stabilization is not dependent on diffusion of a gaseous reactant from the outside of a formed object. With an effective chemical stabilizer, one can envision the forming of thick sections prior to carbonization without fear of bloating. Injection molding of pitch/chopped fiber compound or vacuum assisted pitch transfer molding of continuous fiber preforms may become standard pre-carbonization forming steps for mass-produced C-C parts. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Frank Kuchinski BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | Low Cost Laser Fabrication of Ceramic Components for Power Conversion in Space-Based Laser and Radar Systems |
| Abstract: | Triton proposes a major breakthrough in ceramic net shape forming that will enable more reliable and affordable high power generation for space and terrestrial applications. Our approach uniquely addresses the costly, time consuming and multi-step fabrication process currently used to fabricate " Alumina Solid Electrolyte (BASE) tube assemblies for Alkali-Metal Thermal-to-Electric Converters (AMTEC). The innovation is based on recent work at Triton employing Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) to produce otherwise unattainable microstructures in ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites. This breakthrough will employ LENS to produce fully integrated and functionally graded BASE tube structures in a single process, thus eliminating the need for multiple joints and expansion rings that are complex, costly and can lead to cell failure. Phase I focuses on production of homogeneous monolithic ceramic and functionally graded components. The Phase II will expand the effort to fabricate prototype sub-components with functional grading between ceramic and refractory metal phases. Process modeling techniques, design methodologies and appropriate performance tests will be conducted to demonstrate proof of concept. Phase III will encompass more extensive space qualification testing followed by manufacturing scale-up to produce the required volume and quality of BASE tube assemblies in the United States. This computer controlled one-step fabrication process promises to yield more robust components at a lower cost than current manufacturing methods, enabling AMTEC to be employed in high power generation platforms such as Space-Based Laser (SBL) and Space-Based Radar (SBR). The availability of high power in space will also significantly enhance data transmission and communication rates via satellites for both military and commercial applications. Terrestrial applications for AMTEC include silent, remote power generation for military operations, solar power conversion, heavy duty trucks and commercial/home furnace attachments. Most terrestrial applications will take waste heat and convert it to useful energy, thus preserving fossil fuel resources. |
| VARTECH, INC.
2300 N. Yellowstone Highway High Bay #5 Idaho Falls, ID 83401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(208) 523-1026
Lynn Lundberg BMDO 00-004 |
| Title: | Cost-Breakthrough Titanium Production as a Commodity Metal |
| Abstract: | A new, continuous process is proposed for direct manufacture of titanium at very low cost and high energy efficiency. The proposed process is very robust, and could also produce intermetallic TiAl, Ti3Al, TiAl3, and other alloys. The proposed process has inherent economies suitable for making titanium and titanium alloys as inexpensive, commodity metals for general use, rather than as exotic materials to be used only when their high performance is required despite their presently high cost. Titanium and its alloys are important, but costly, materials for aerospace structural and propulsion components. The relatively low density of titanium, combined with its high-temperature properties, high specific stiffness, high strength, high corrosion resistance and relative toughness, are particularly desirable in aerospace systems. Titanium and TiAl are also used, or under development in reinforced composite aerospace components, such as advanced SiC-fiber-reinforced titanium alloy engine and structural components. TiAl automotive valvetrain components also provide improved performance and improved fuel economy, but are prohibitively expensive for general use. A low-cost proess for producing titanium and its alloys would provide enormous savings where it is currently used despite its cost, and would greatly expand the use of the metal and its alloys into general aviation and automotive areas where its cost has been prohibitive. |
| ACTIVE SIGNAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
13025 Beaver Dam Road Cockeysville, MD 21030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 547-0293
Keith Bridger BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | Advanced Cryogenic Dielectric Material |
| Abstract: | Active Signal Technologies and Alfred University propose to enhance the cryogenic performance of lead magnesium tantalate substituted with nickel, to develop a new material for cryogenic power electronics with maximum permittivity at 70K (-203 degC). A two-pronged approach addresses dielectric issues in the material and then device issues in the electrodes. Phase I entails compositional, processing, and additive modifications to reduce pyrochlore formation and improve performance and integrity. Established techniques will be used to improve synthesis and processing, focusing on raw materials chemistry, powder processing, heat treatment, and phase composition. The base material powder compositions will initially be refined to achieve lowest temperature performance with minimum processing penalty. Pyrochlore formation will be suppressed using modified tantalate powder production, and MgO additives. Grain and grain boundary phases and porosity will be controlled using a novel powder coating technique and HIP'ing. Potassium fluxing will be applied to promote liquid phase sintering, hence densification and to scavenge tantalum pentoxide which would otherwise form pyrochlore. Electroding issues will also be explored in Phase I as a precursor to development of novel low-thermal-expansion ceramic electrodes in Phase II. Finally, solid solutions will be prepared with Lead Iron Tungstate to expand the temperature range of elevated permittivity. The present dielectric material has application to cryogenic electronic systems that are currently limited by the high operating temperature, low permittivity and poor reliability of current dielectrics. Examples include space-based communication, weapon and exploration systems, advanced avionics and cooled FPA night vision and surveillance systems. |
| AVONIA
13631 Old El Camino Real San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 793-6762
Andrew Wilson BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | ION-DOMINATED TRANSPORT IN PRS |
| Abstract: | The objective is to show that plasma radiation source (PRS) behavior during the radiation pulse is controlled by fast ions. They result from both the plasma implosion as well as near-axis acceleration following implosion. They have long collision lengths until slowed by thermal electrons to near thermal ion speeds. This non-fluid behavior leads to the diffuse plasma pinches seen in experiments and results in radiation pulsewidths that are longer, less intense and characterized by cooler plasma radiation spectra than are needed for increased output of soft X-rays. We will develop a computer model to take account of the non-fluid dynamics and to explain observations in experiments using large radiation simulators. Success of this model would impact future machine technology and, to a greater extent, the design of plasma loads. Based on the degree of success achieved will recommend a Phase II program to work with both theory support and experimental groups to refine the model and apply it to plan PRS experiments. These would be planned to (a) test and verify it and (b) guide designs for increased X-ray output of harder spectra than is possible today. The benefits to AVONIA are for a verified and validated software model. This model would find application in both DOD and DOE X-radiation simulation programs as well as in pellet fusion research. |
| CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY, INC.
9036 Winnetka Ave. Northridge, CA 91324 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 727-9786
Qiang Wei BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | High Power Density Ultracapacitor by Using Ruthenium Oxide Fibers as Electrode |
| Abstract: | Electrical performance of ultracapacitors based on consolidated powders such as carbon powders is often limited by interparticle electrical resistance, and this requires addition of conductivity enhancing additives or specialized processing steps. Ruthenium oxide is known for its intrinsic high electronic conductance. To reduce the interparticle resistance, in this proposed Phase I program, we are going to make ruthenium oxide fiber electrodes using sol-gel technology. The microstructure of fibers will be tailored to obtain an uniform pore size distribution and high accessible surface area. Therefore, the power density of ultracapacitor made of this material is expected to be notably improved due to a much lower ESR. Load leveling for electric vehicle or as power source for automotive sub-systems such as starter, regenerative braking and air bag. In addition, portable electronic devices such as notebook computers, cellular phones will also be able to use it as primary or secondary power sources. |
| DYNAMIC STRUCTURE & MATERIALS, LLC
309 Williamson Square Franklin, TN 37064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 595-6665
Jeffrey Paine BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | Simplified Solid-State Thermal Power Generation |
| Abstract: | Solid-state thermal power generation technology for remote missile defense sites and monitoring locations will provide effective long-term solutions for remote power needs. The simplified thermal power generator operates using the concepts of a thermal alkali-metal heat pump. A working fluid is produced by melting alkali metals at high temperatures. The working fluid is pressurized because of the vaporization pressure that develops during the heating process. The high pressure fluid is forced through a ceramic material in an ionic-transport process to produce the electric potential. As the fluid is moved through the system, the electric power produced by the unit is efficient to the level of 30%. Given that current commercial solar cells are only efficient to 5 or 10%, the solid-state thermal cell is significantly more efficient and as simple to implement. The units can be heated by nearly any source of effective heat production: fossil fuels, solar, and geothermal can all be used to power the unit. The unit has no moving parts except for a working fluid that flows under its own vaporization pressure as it is heated. The cost of the thermal cells will also be significantly lower than comparable solid-state technology. The unit will be useful in commercial and military remote sites, ground ballistic missile defense vehicles, and homes or businesses removed from the electric power grid. The military will be able to use it as a portable power generator on many remote missions where ease of use, compactness and fuel insensitivity is important. The unit might also be made cheap enough such that it can be made disposable or expendable for short missions or where return weight must be reduced. |
| EIC LABORATORIES, INC.
111 Downey Street Norwood, MA 02062 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 769-9450
Trung Nguyen BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | High Energy and Power Density Ultracapacitor |
| Abstract: | Antiballistic missiles strategic weapons require high power sources of minimum volume and weight that are capable of delivering high pulse energy on a suitable time scale. To meet these demands, a new generation of ultracapacitors is proposed that promise energy densities approaching battery levels without compromising power densities and cycle life of current ultracapacitors. The technology entails conversion of high surface area carbon to Ru oxide coated carbon of extremely large capacitance and low resistance. This is achieved via a unique aqueous, room temperature "plating" procedure, adaptable to existing double layer carbon electrodes. In initial experiments we demonstrated a 50 fold increase in capacity and a ten fold decrease in resistance of the carbon electrode. For the electro-deposited RuO2 the measured specific capacitance was almost twice the highest value reported for the RuO2 obtained by a sol-gel process. The high capacity and low resistance hybrid electrode are expected to result, after development, in ultracapacitors with energy densities of about 30 Wh/kg, power densities of about 40 kW/kg, and an operating life of > 10,000 cycles. In Phase I we will demonstrate the feasibility of depositing thin film super high capacity hydrous RuOx over the entire internal surface of porous carbon electrodes and determine the properties of the novel composite structures. In Phase II we will optimize the electrode properties and scale up the fabrication process. We will design hybrid ultracapacitors and perform modeling calculations to optimize power and energy. The technology will then be demonstrated in complete prototype devices. The improved ultracapacitors will find wide spread military and commercial applications to supply pulsed power for lasers and communication equipment. Commercial applications include cellular telephones, two way pagers, scanners, memory protection in computer electronics, uninterruptible power supplies and load leveling for electric vehicles. |
| ELECTRO ENERGY, INC.
22 Shelter Rock Lane Danbury, CT 06810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 797-2699
Martin Klein BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | PEAK POWER BATTERY |
| Abstract: | Direct Energy Weapon Systems and other electric equipment require bursts of high peak power. There is increasing demands for higher power levels, and requirements to reduce the weight and volume of the systems. This project focuses on the developoment of an ultra high power density version of Nickel-Metal Hydride rechargeable battery to meet such applications. The program is directed at optimizing the design of a bipolar Ni-MH battery with ultra thin electrodes and high rate electrode materials. The performance goals are to achieve power densities up to 2000 w/kg for short bursts of power. This represents, approximately, a factor of four improvements of power density over that which is obtainable with conventional Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries and a factor of two over EEI's present status. This performance level would make such devices competitive on a power density with capacitors, yet they would be capable of delivering much greater energy density. Rechargeable batteries and capacities are used in a broad range of military and commercial equipment. Higher power density devices would reduce the size and weight of these systems especially in power tools and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. |
| EURUS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2031 E. Paul Dirac Drive Innovation Park Tallahassee, FL 32310 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(850) 574-1800
Michael Tomsic BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | Development of Chemical Buffer Layers for YBCO Coated Conductors |
| Abstract: | There is a need for small efficient superconducting generators for several military programs supported by BMDO -THADD, DEW, and the Navy's superconducting motor programs. The development of high-temperature superconductors based on YBCO on a textured metal substrate will make a dramatic impact on components for these systems. On short lengths these conductors have demonstrated high current densities of over 1 million amps/cm2 at 77 K in self field. This level of performance will result in higher operating temperatures and efficiencies, plus reduction in size and weight for the system components such as generators, motors, and power supplies. The primary focus of this proposal is to develop long-length textured buffer layers on textured metal substrates for the development of YBCO high temperature superconductors. During this Phase I we will investigate in long length several oxide buffer layers that have shown epitaxial texture on textured metal substrates. These oxides will be applied using low cost reel-to-reel chemical solution processes without any vacuum processing. The commercial benefit of this proposal is to develop and commercialize low cost long length textured YBCO superconductors and make them available for highly efficient and compact generators, motors, MRI, SMES, fault current limiters, and transmission cables. |
| EURUS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2031 E. Paul Dirac Drive Innovation Park Tallahassee, FL 32310 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(850) 574-1800
Michael Tomsic BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | Development of Chemical YBCO Layers for Coated Conductors |
| Abstract: | There is a need for small efficient superconducting generators for several military programs supported by BMDO -THADD, DEW, and the Navy's superconducting motor programs. The development of high-temperature superconductors based on YBCO on a textured metal substrate will make a dramatic impact on components for these systems. On short lengths these conductors have demonstrated high current densities of over 1 million amps/cm2 at 77 K in self field. This level of performance will result in higher operating temperatures and efficiencies, plus reduction in size and weight for the system components such as generators, motors, and power supplies. The primary focus of this proposal is to develop long-length textured YBCO layers on textured buffered metal substrates for high temperature superconductors. During this Phase I we will investigate several YBCO chemical solution routes to form the YBCO layers. These YBCO layers will be applied using low cost reel-to-reel chemical solution processes without any vacuum processing. The commercial benefit of this proposal is to develop and comercialize low cost, long-length textured YBCO superconductors and make them available for highly efficient and compact generators, motors, MRI, SMES, fault current limiters, and transmission cables. |
| GRATINGS, INC.
7104 Jefferson, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-9564
Saleem Zaidi BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | Radiation -tolerant Si solar Cells for Space |
| Abstract: | This phase I proposal is aimed at improving radiation tolerance of Si solar cells for space environment. Radiation damage in space causes significant reduction in minority carrier diffusion length resulting in significant loss in efficiency. We propose a novel optical coupling scheme to create electron hole pairs near the front surface pn junction. This is done by using grating coupling to propagate transmitted diffraction orders (inside Si) nearly parallel to the surface. Exact optical modeling and preliminary solar cell internal quantum efficiency measurements have demonstrated enhancement by a factor of 2.2 at a wavelength of ~ 1.05 micron.. The phase I work is aimed at optimization of grating parameters and their incorporation in conventional solar cells. We believe that this approach has the potential to replace existing III-V compound semiconductor based solar cells. High efficiency, radiation-resistant Si solar cells for space Improved Si solar cells for terrestrial applications |
| ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
12401 West 49th Avenue Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 285-5155
Lawrence Woods BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | NON-NUCLEAR POWER SOURCES AND POWER CONDITIONING |
| Abstract: | Power management and distribution (PMAD) systems must ascertain spacecraft power demands, assess the batteries' state of charge, quantify available power from the solar arrays, and route power to maximize spacecraft performance for its mission. While many future spacecraft designs could benefit greatly from localized power generation, management, and in some cases, power storage, conventional electronics are susceptible to radiation and must be protected within the spacecraft within heavy boxes. We at ITN Energy Systems, Inc. propose a completely flexible PMAD solution to this problem, providing a PMAD "patch" on the array to regulate power. Based on our experience in polycrystalline thin-film, flexible, monolithically-integrated copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CIGS), we feel that flexible PMAD is possible. Further, the inherent radiation resistance of CIGS enables co-location of power regulation and its associated load, conformally attached to a suitable radiating surface, or incorporated into a flexible integrated power pack (FIPP) that includes flexible PV array, flexible solid-state thin-film battery, and flexible PMAD (Fig. 1). Such a system is ideal for emerging small satellite applications, as well as very large (> 5 kW) PV power systems. Furthermore, this technology can be enabling to many innovative applications, including very large-area flexible "flat panel" displays for high definition displays. Applications for a completely flexible circuit with active devices are limitless. Automotive applications, such as flexible printed circuits for dash gauge displays, can incorporate the necessary electronics to eliminate discrete electronic boxes and thereby reduces space requirements under the dash. Portable electronic devices also can benefit directly from a commercially viable process for active device deposition. Large-screen graphics displays for computers can also be flexible, thereby providing laptops with a more easily stowed screen with a small footprint. Finally, very-large area displays, such as large-screen digital television, could be made in the future in a flexible form factor, thereby providing low-cost, large-area video with a high degree of portability and ease of transport. |
| LITHIUM POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
20955 Morris Avenue P.O. Box 978 Manvel, TX 77578 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(281) 489-4889
M. Munshi BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | High Power Hybrid Electrochemical Capacitors |
| Abstract: | Electrochemical capacitors based on very high surface area activated carbon or valve metal oxides offer high power but at the expense of high equivalent series resistance (ESR) at low temperatures leading to a leaky capacitor during charge and discharge. To exacerbate the problem, their energy densities or discharge time is often too low for most new applications such as telecommunications and their cost per unit energy is also very high. Lithium power foresees a new eightfold more cost-effective electrochemical capacitor technology to replace present materials such as carbon or ruthenium oxide that cannot alone meet the future rising military or commercial demands. We will investigate a new design of thin film polymer electrolyte electrochemical capacitors that delivers higher energy and power capabilities at lower ESR with significantly extended discharge times, higher efficiency, higher cycle life and excellent reliability. As a consequence of this Phase I program, an opportunity will arise to develop, for the first time, a truly flexible, polymeric electrolyte electrochemical capacitor with a wide range of form factors, ideal for thin portable devices. The markedly higher performance values (energy density, ESR, weight) combined with a markedly lower cost per unit of performance will energize a commercial market to drive these capacitors into every military and civil use where electrochemical capacitors go today. The driving force is the telecommunication, medical and electric vehicle applications. |
| MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP.
200 Yellow Place Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 631-3550
Robert Scaringe President BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | Demonstration of a Compact Cryocooling System for High Temperature Superconductor and Electronics Cooling Applications |
| Abstract: | Rapidly advancing electronics technology require new thermal control concepts that operate at multiple temperatures, have high efficiency, high reliability, and are transportable for mobile ground-based or spacecraft systems. Mainstream has developed a unique patented cryocooler and two-phase cold-plate. For a potential ground based BMDO cooling requirement of 3.5 kW at 100 K and 12 kW at 150K, (cryoocooled GBR system with a conventional non-cooled radar), the entire cooling system cube would measure 2' x 2' x 2'. This is an order of magnitude smaller than current cryocooler configurations while providing ten-times the cooling capacity! Mainstream will demonstrate in Phase I, a patented cryocooler which utilizes multiple isothermal cold-plates operating at different temperatures. The cryocooler's design uses a unique single-stage cascade vapor compression refrigeration configuration that allows for multiple-cold plates operating at different temperatures. (The temperatures can be selected anywhere from ambient to 80K.) Phase I will include a demonstration of a complete breadboard unit utilizing isothermal cold-plates at four different temperatures! Mainstream has completed its commercialization research and secured non-federal funding for successful commercialization following a successful Phase I. A Fast-Track Phase II is planned. Phase I will demonstrate this reliable, high efficiency electronic cryocooler, thereby removing any doubts as to the SIZE, practicality, performance, reliability, or configuration of the system. This will allow Phase II and Phase III commercialization to focus on specific DoD and commercial applications for High-Temperature Cryogenic Cooling (100-240K) for BMDO and wireless telecommunication applications. Commercial partners have been secured, and market research has indicated tremendous commercial potential in the wireless communication, and sensor industries. This technology will benefit BMDO ground-based missile defense systems, naval avionics systems, and other high-energy-density military electronics. |
| STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES
120 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 734-2441
Zane Shellenbarger BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | High Efficiency InAsSbP Thermophotovoltaic Cells |
| Abstract: | The IR Devices, Modules, and Materials Group at Structured Materials Industries (SMI) proposes the development of high efficiency thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells based on InAsSbP material. Working with Sarnoff Corporation, SMI recently demonstrated a high-efficiency InGaAsSb TPV cell with a cut-off wavelength of 2.4 microns and is developing a 1.8/2.4 micron tandem TPV cell. The overall efficiency of these cells when used with a ~1000 øC or lower temperature blackbody heat source could be greatly improved by extending the cut-off wavelength out past 2.5 microns. This is difficult in the InGaAsSb system due to a miscibility gap in the solid composition. The use of InAsSbP material for the active region of the TPV cells will extend the cut-off wavelength into the 2.5-3.0 micron range. In the Phase I program, we will determine the most promising structure for a high-efficiency InAsSbP TPV cell. When fully developed, this technology will result in significantly higher performance of TPV energy conversion from lower temperature heat sources including low temperature burning fuels such as wood, conventional furnace burners, jet exhaust cowlings or rocket nozzles and even automotive engines. This program will provide cost-effective, high-efficiency InAsSbP TPV cells for space power and other commercial and military applications. Specific applications include combustion-fueled portable battery chargers, co-generation of electricity from furnaces and nuclear reactors, and power for deep space missions utilizing radioisotope heat sources. |
| T/J TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3850 Research Park Drive P.O. Box 2150 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 213-1637
John Miller BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | High Energy Density Ultracpacitors |
| Abstract: | Ultracapacitors improve the performance of electronic power sources in applications calling for high peak power at low duty cycles. Porous activated carbons are established electrode materials. In this project the carbon electrode composition will be modified to increase the energy density of ultracapacitors. This will be achieved by shifting the open circuit potential of carbon electrodes to increase the cell potential limits. Several different metal species will be inserted in varying atomic fractions. Prototype capacitor cells will be prepared and evaluated to determine the open circuit potential and cell voltage window. Extended charge/discharge and constant potential measurements will be made to assure that the shift in open circuit potential is sustained. In Phase II the pore structure of the doped carbon materials will be optimized to increase capacitance and frequency response. Larger scale prototypes will be fabricated to specifications for load-leveling power supplies for BMDO applications such as burst communications or electromechanical actuators. If successful, this approach could double the energy density of ultracapacitors and reduce the overall power supply weight and volume. Ultracapacitors complement or replace batteries in applications where weight, peak power, and battery life are key factors. Commercial applications include cellular phones, power conditioning (UPS), electromechanical actuators, and conventional or hybrid vehicles. In aerospace applications, ultracapacitors could supplement batteries or photovoltaics to handle high peak power loads such as mechanical actuation, weapon fuzing, burst communications, or high power radar. |
| T/J TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3850 Research Park Drive P.O. Box 2150 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 213-1637
Daryl Clerc BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | High Capacity Metal Nitride Anodes for Lithium Batteries |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will develop new high capacity metal nitride anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. The work builds on prior development by Matsushita of Li3-xCoxN materials with capacity and rate capability superior to graphite. T/J Technologies will exploit its expertise with metal nitride electrodes to modify the composition of these materials with the objective of increasing cell energy density and reducing cost. A range of new compositions will be examined. Test cells will be prepared and subjected to standard battery performance evaluations to determine the capacity and rate capability of the new electrode materials. The composition and processing conditions will be correlated with electrochemical performance. Phase I will focus on anode performance and electrolyte compatibility. Phase II will adopt a broader systems-level perspective to optimize cell performance, including factors such as cathode performance, separator, binders, cell balance, particle size, and electrode thickness. This project will develop advanced electrode materials to increase the energy and power delivered by rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Such batteries would benefit space and defense applications that require high power and low weight. There is also a very rapidly growing market for higher power lithium ion batteries for consumer applications (wireless communications, laptop PC's, camcorders) as well as for electric and hybrid vehicle propulsion. |
| US NANOCORP, INC.
20 Washington Ave. Ste. 106 North Haven, CT 06473 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 234-8024
Pritpal Singh BMDO 00-005 |
| Title: | Fuzzy Logic-Based Prediction of PEM Fuel Cell Failure |
| Abstract: | Fuel cells are perceived to be the power source of the future because they potentially offer much greater energy per unit weight and volume than any battery. The proposed program will assess the feasibility of a fuzzy logic approach to determination of state-of-health (SOH) in PEM fuel cells as a means to predict failure under operating conditions. Once the onset of failure is identified, corrective action can be taken through adjustment of cell operating conditions. For remote service, this is of inestimable value. This enabling technology is expected to dramatically increase reliability of PEM and other fuel cell types, especially for those devices operating at their limits in high power critical missions. In the proposed program, partial H Power PowerPEM fuel cells will be subjected to failure mode analysis. A gradual onset of PEMFC failure will be created by invoking dryout and flooding conditions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy will be used to analyze the membrane electrode assembly. Fuzzy logic methods will be used to reduce the multivariate data. In the Phase II program, controller circuitry will be designed and assembled and a prototype PEMFC management system will be delivered to a PEMFC manufacturer. Commercial PEM fuel cell development is being targeted for transportation, electricity generation, and portable power. A leader in the development of PEM fuel cells is Ballard Power Systems, which is partnering with DaimlerChrysler, Ford, and GM in commercialization of a fuel cell engine. |
| ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORP.
2235 Polvorosa Avenue, Suite 230 San Leandro, CA 94577 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 483-4156
Niansheng Qi BMDO 00-006 |
| Title: | Vacuum arc thrusters for small satellite applications |
| Abstract: | Alameda Applied Sciences Corporation plans to develop and commercialize a new vacuum arc thruster (VAT). For BMDO missions, electrical propulsion systems are playing an important role. Missile defense places unprecedented demands on various types of propulsion systems: orbit transfer, orbital maneuvering and station keeping. The proposed Vacuum Arc Thruster should meet TMD and NMD's challenging requirements. One of the key technologies that could lead to the successful deployment of NMD is ~1-2kW plasma thrusters. The key milestone of Phase I is to achieve an efficiency of >=50% with a specific impulse of 1000-2000 s, which is a practical requirement. Another Phase I goal is to firmly establish the key advantages and disadvantages of the VAT vs. existing PPT and MPD thrusters by measuring the efficiency and the thrust, and conducting system and mission analysis. The Phase II effort will develop the VAT as a suitable engine for propulsion, validate and deliver the device to BMDO. The Phase III effort will commercialize and supply the VAT to the government for electric propulsion applications as well as modify the source for other commercial applications. The primary application of the specific thruster to be developed will be for spacecraft, (less than 250 kg) propulsion. The thruster could also be miniaturized for microsatellite and micro-spacecraft Class I applications. Other commercial applications include: sources of heavy ion beams for heavy ion fusion reactors, for materials surface characterization, for experimental research in atomic physics and in the nuclear physics community. |
| CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2744 Indian Ripple Rd. Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1877
Patrick Hood BMDO 00-006 |
| Title: | Nematic Thermosets for Rotationally Molded Tanks |
| Abstract: | Cornerstone Research Group, Inc., proposes to develop new materials and processing technology for potential application to solid rocket motors (SRM). SRM casings require high-strength, high-temperature stability, low-weight and low-cost. We propose to develop materials and processing technologies for cost-effective rotational molding of new nematic liquid crystalline thermosets. We seek to accomplish this by developing nematic thermoset mixtures whose synthesis procedures are well established. The proposed materials should feature low viscosity and attractive curing behavior amenable to conventional rotational molding procedures. The research will focus primarily on the material development - including synthesis, cure characterization, and chemorheological characterization - but will also include prototype tank manufacturing utilizing laboratory-scale rotomolding equipment to be designed and built. The roational molding of new nematic thermosets will generate high-strength, light-weight, thermally- and chemically-stable tanks. This technology offers significant advantages for the automotive industry for fuel storage tanks, reducing weight and increasing fuel efficiency. Use of non-metallic casings offers the potential for the space community to simultaneously reduce vehicle weight (which increases the thrust to weight ratio reducing launch per kg cost), reducing capital cost, and increasing reliability/safety based on intrinsically reduced probability of bondline delamination (adhesive failures). |
| ELECTRON ENERGY CORP.
924 Links Avenue Landisville, PA 17538 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(717) 898-2294
Christina Chen BMDO 00-006 |
| Title: | Rare Earth 1:7 Metastable-phase Permanent Magnets for Ion Propulsion Systems |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR Phase I effort is to establish the feasibility of developing high performance 1:7 metastable phase rare earth permanent magnets that possess superior magnetic properties to temperatures as high as 600øC for ion propulsion system applications. It is also possible that the magnetic properties will be essentially constant over a wide temperature range of -50 to 550øC. The approach is to develop anisotropic sintered rare earth permanent magnets with general composition based on the 1:7 metastable Sm-Co phase [rare earth (RE), transition metal (TM) compounds with TM/RE ratio of 7]. These new magnets will possess near zero temperature coefficients of magnetization, remanence, and coercivity over a broad range for such applications as ion propulsion systems. The basic EEC and UDRI approach will be to use powder metallurgy techniques to produce sintered anisotropic Sm-Co magnets that incorporate element(s) from the IVB group (Ti, Zr, Hf) to stabilize the Sm-Co 1:7 metastable phase structure. We will also use partial Fe substitution for Co to increase the magnetization values. The payoff for DoD and commercial ion propulsion systems includes high temperature, stable permanent magnets that permit ion engines to operate at higher temperatures and minimize the system cooling requirements and weight. Easier processing of these 1:7 metastable phase materials also make them attractive economically. The primary applications that will benefit from these improved high temperature permanent magnet materials are ion propulsion systems for space applications. Ion propulsion is an extremely efficient alternative to chemical propulsion for space applications such as station keeping, orbit raising from LEO or MEO to GEO, satellite repositioning, and deep space scientific missions. For these applications, ion propulsion is approximately ten times more efficient than chemical propulsion. It is also inherently easier to control the thrust of an ion propulsion system. These new magnets will also reduce the weight of cooling systems required to maintain magnet performance. This weight savings will translate into increased payload capability or lower cost smaller launch vehicles. |
| RICE SYSTEMS, INC.
1150 Main Street, Suite C Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 553-8768
Colleen Fitzpatrick BMDO 00-006 |
| Title: | PROPULSION AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS |
| Abstract: | Contamination due to incomplete combustion of effluents can cause a reduction in efficiency of spacecraft propulsion systems and instrumentation. For example, liquid droplets from spacecraft verniers can condense on surveillance sensors such as infrared detectors, or reduce power generation of solar panels. While such problems have been addressed for large scale propulsion systems through extensive diagnostic analysis, the results cannot be extrapolated to small scale systems, because the physical principles involved cannot be applied to such small dimensions. Also, because of the large scale of diagnostic equipment, most propulsion system measurements have been ground-based. However, the extrapolation of these results to flight conditions remains uncertain. Rice Systems, Inc. propose to resolve many of these problems with the development of miniature nonintrusive optical diagnostic sensors for measuring the flow characteristics of microthrusters. These microdiagnostic sensors are based on monolithic silicon optical bench technology, and can be made an integral part of microthruster walls, providing real-time, in-situ measurements, even in flight. This project will result in the design of an integrated optics microsensor capable of nonintrusive monitoring of combustion exhaust parameters, to increase thruster efficiency and control sensor contamination. The ultimate goal is the reduced cost of miniature satellite propulsion systems used for surveillance, communications, and other applications. The development of surveillance and communications microsatellites would greatly benefit from the development of the proposed microdiagnostic sensors, in terms of reducing contamination, increasing efficiency, and ultimately lowing the cost of production. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Fred Lauten BMDO 00-006 |
| Title: | Materials for Low and Zero Erosion Rocket Motors |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to develop a novel ceramic-metal composite for use as solid rocket motor components which exhibit low (or zero) erosion in current and next generation missile defense systems. The Triton team has worked to develop a revolutionary ceramic-metal hybrid material, which during a limited battery of rocket motor testing exhibits very promising low erosion properties for use as motor components with advanced propellants. Combined with the material's excellent high temperature thermal-mechanical properties, low density, and resistance to thermal shock, the motor test results are an exciting indication of the high-payoffs this material will yield tactical launch systems and SDACS. It is the primary goal of the Phase I SBIR to take the next development step by performing the stringent test, design and analysis necessary to demonstrate its feasibility for use in launch systems for small and full system payloads. As a result of a successful Phase II program, we will have performed full-scale component testing, and the technology will be poised for insertion into US military missile defense systems. Triton anticipates a broad range of applications for rocketry related products, including SDACS hot gas valves, nozzle inserts, and TVC vanes. All would advantageously impact DOD military missile defense systems. A number of non government commercial products will utilize this technology, including cutting tools, chemical processing apparatus and high temperature sensing devices. |
| W. E. RESEARCH LLC
4360 San Juan Ct Rosamond, CA 93560 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(661) 275-6798
John Schilling BMDO 00-006 |
| Title: | PROPULSION AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS |
| Abstract: | This proposal is to develop and test a small solid fueled thruster using an Electrically Controlled Extinguishable Solid Propellant (ECESP). The resultent thruster will combine the simplicity and storability advantages of solid fuel with controllability of the short duration pulsed thrust from a small liquid thruster. The fuel burns only in the presence of electrical current, and extinguishes quickly when that current is removed. Versatile smallsat and microsat propulsion systems will be a key enabling technology for a wide range of Air Force missions in the early 21st century. Flight-qualified PPTs derived from this research could be available to meet this demand in the 2003- 2004 timeframe. |
| ATEC, INC.
11890 Old Baltimore Pike, Suit Beltsville, MD 20705 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 931-3221
Reza Shekarriz BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | EHD Enhanced Chip-Integrated Sensor Cooling System |
| Abstract: | Advanced Thermal and Environmental Concepts (ATEC), Inc. and Technology Assessment and Transfer, Inc. (TA&T) propose to develop a chip-integrated cooling system using a ceramic packaging fabrication process called stereo-photolithographic technique. The proposed stereolithography process will enable automated layer-by-layer fabrication of ceramic packages directly from a CAD representation of the circuit. Using this process, ATEC and TA&T are proposing to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of fabrication of a micro-channel heat sink directly integrated into the multi-chip module. Further, various micro-structures are being proposed along with electrohydrodynamic (EHD) micro-pumping. The EHD micro-pumping is proposed for enhancement of the heat transfer rate within the micro-channels. The heat sink is then coupled into an external radiator for dissipation of the heat. The challenges in the proposed project are the development of the optimal geometry for the micro-channel structures, fabrication of the micro-structures, and EHD near surface micro-pumping enhancement within the micro-channels. The advantages of the proposed system are: 1) light-weight ceramic material, 2) easily integrated into multi-chip module manufacturing process, and 3) higher system by actively controlling the local cooling rate with a micro-pump. Heat rejection from microelectronic devices has been recognized to be a problem for more than two decades and with the increasing demand on miniaturization and compaction of electronic components, the demand for heat rejection continues to increase. Therefore, the final product, EHD enhanced, package-integrated micro-channel heat sink, in addition to application in defense-related technologies, will have a significant commercial value to a broader industry, including the aerospace, computer electronics, and communications industries. |
| K TECHNOLOGY CORP.
500 Office Center Drive Suite 250 Fort Washington, PA 19034 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 858-9308
Mark Montesano BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | LOW COST MODULE DEVELOPMENT (kTC P k001) |
| Abstract: | Many government development programs are "designed to cost". Should a subsystem meet only 90% of a specification at the design cost, it will most likely be selected and the specification changed. The F-22 program has taught that achieving 100% compliance on every system increases, by many times, the ultimate platform cost. The standardization of all common components is an excellent method of minimizing costs. Electronic systems that use standardized thermal cores with common connectors, edge clamps, card extractors, and chassis provide high value while minimizing costs. kTC's encapsulated APG module is a high conductivity (>1000 W/mK) macrocomposite comprised of annealed pyrolytic graphite (APG) encapsulated within an aluminum shell. The high cooling capacity of the encapsulated APG module permits the use of low cost commercial components obviating the need for liquid flow through modules. This represents a significant cost and weight savings (approximately $150 and 0.7 pounds per module). This performance has made this component the leading technical choice for future avionics platforms. The opportunity outlined in this Phase I program will lower the production of these modules by 2X. kTC will develop the process that will provide an equivalent level of performance to current designs at significantly lower costs. The reduced cost of this component will impact the price of avionics platforms for the next twenty years. The encapsulated APG materials to be demonstrated under this program would have applications in the commercial satellite market, as well as the obvious military and NASA uses. Key potential post applications rely heavily on the successful verification and certification of the proposed materials' performance. With increasing acceptance, encapsulated APG will be attractive to automotive and power supply manufactures. Enabling technologies will allow the increase of production and the realization of the economies of scale. At this level, one can only estimate the potential impact on the personal computer and other high volume heat sensitive products. |
| MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP.
200 Yellow Place Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 631-3550
Gregory Cole BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | Demonstration of Spray Cooling for High Power Amplifier Chips |
| Abstract: | Mainstream and ITT-Avionics will demonstrate the value of integrating a spray cooling system into solid state amplifier chip modules. ITT's solid state high power microwave amplifiers, which have application in solid state phased array transmitters used in military and commercial radar, ship and aircraft electronic defense systems, and satellite communication data links, can be improved by lowering chip operating temperatures. Mainstream, through an Internal R&D program, has demonstrated a spray cooling technique that is ideal for such systems. An optimized cooling system will increase reliability by an order of magnitude, improve efficiency by 30%, and increase output power by 30%. Mainstream will improve both the thermal and physical characteristics of spray cooling through a series of experiments. ITT will supply chips for testing. A combined effort will be used to optimize the design of a complete integrated cooling system for the target application. Spray cooling will then be experimentally validated on a total system basis. There is an urgent need to develop advanced cooling methods that can be implemented into the thermal packaging of the next generation of military, aerospace, and commercial electronics. Commercial applications include satellites and super-computer chip modules. IR&D research has demonstrated that a spray cooling systems are indeed possible and practical. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Jared Sommer BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | Novel Boiling Enhanced Microchannel Heat Sink with Low CTE |
| Abstract: | As the speed of advanced electronic systems has increased dramatically in recent years, there has been growing interest in substrates containing arrays of boiling-enhanced actively-cooled micro-channels for use in the thermal control of high power transistors and electronic circuits. The internal structure of these heat sinks requires multiple arrays of microchannels within a high-conductivity substrate. These devices can dissipate heat fluxes over 700 W/cm2 due to the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid. MER Corporation has recently developed a novel method to incorporate arrays of micro flow channels within metal with effective capillary diameters <200 microns. It is therefore proposed to investigate this novel development to fabricate micro-cooling channels on a metallic substrate that exhibit a thermal expansion similar to silicon-based electronic components. Low-cost methods to form vapor nucleation sites within selected areas in the microchannels will also be developed. The proposed technology will allow the fabrication of virtually any open-ended microchannel structure design to allow easy manifolding and heat dissipation in critical heat sensitive areas. The heat sink plates can be used in commercial electronic systems where space is limited and high heat flux dissipation is required. The technology can also be used for fabrication of micro heat pipes and micro radiators. |
| MATERIALS RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL
403 Elm Avenue North Wales, PA 19454 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 616-0400
Ronald Smith BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | Graphite Foam Core Heat Exchangers for Thermal Management |
| Abstract: | Thermal management is key to the reliable operation of space platform instrument and avionics enclosures. To control temperatures, many thermal control devices and high "k" materials are employed, however; many increase the weight and cost of satellites, space platforms and missile structures. MRi is proposing, in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, to produce high performance, low weight graphite foam cored heat exchangers that have the potential to reduce the size and cost of thermal management devices. The innovation combines MRi's low temperature active metal joining technology with ORNL's graphite foam technology. Key to the proposed fabrication process are MRi's family of active low temperature (200-450§C) Sn(Zn)-Ag-Ti-X alloys that can directly react with and wet many materials. The proposed processes form bonds without the need for fluxes or special surface treatments. The Phase I research will center on developing the specific joining processes for joining carbon foam to Al, Al:SiC and copper face-plates and tubes. The Phase I work will investigate the low temperature active metal bonding processes and characterize and test their resultant structures then measure the thermal properties through the joints. A demonstration graphite foam core heat exchanger device will be modeled, designed and fabricated to verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed approach. The graphite foam core heat exchanger is a significant advance over other heat exchanger cores. It increased heat transfer effiecienies and low weight make it an ideal concept to reduce size and weight of thermal management devices. The proposed graphite foam core heat exchanger is major advance thermal control technology enabled by MRi's joining technology. High commercial potential lies in the use of these graphite foam heat exchangers in thermal management devices for commercial aircraft avionics, computing equipment and electronic enclosures, such as in notebook computers or high power computers where space and weight are at a premium. The other areas of high commercial potential include coolers for aircraft cabins and automotive systems where compact lightweight heat exchangers would bring savings and increased performance. |
| MUDAWAR THERMAL SYSTEMS, INC.
1291 Cumberland Avenue, Suite G West Lafayette, IN 47906 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(765) 494-5705
Chad Boyack BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | Ultra-High-Heat-Flux Dissipation using Multi-Level Enhancement |
| Abstract: | Despite the many recent developments in the area of thermal management, there is a growing need for the dissipation of enormous heat loads that are concentrated in very small areas. While most cutting-edge thermal management techniques promise heat dissipation capabilities up to about 100 watts per square centimeter, the proposed project aims at greatly enhancing the heat dissipation potential by about an order of magnitude (500 watts per square centimeter during the Phase I study alone) to meet thermal management needs of the defense industry for decades to come. Key to accomplishing this goal is to capitalize upon the merits of phase change heat transfer and muti-level heat transfer enhancement techniques. The proposed work is expected to provide thermal management solutions for future defense electronics and power systems. This work will also impact the development of supercomputers, x-ray medical devices, and compact heat exchangers |
| RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
467 Carolyn Drive Oviedo, FL 32765 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 579-9099
Daniel Rini BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | Advanced Cooling System for High Power Solid State Lasers |
| Abstract: | This project will determine the feasibility of developing an advanced cooling system for high-power solid state lasers. If successful, this technology will allow the design of the most efficient, compact and most powerful diode pumped solid state lasers ever built. An innovative cooling system for diode lasers is crucial since thermal management is the single largest limiting factor in the development of next-generation lasers. A small, high power laser has applications with BMDO as a weapon or communication device and with industry as a welder, metal cutter or surface processor. The personnel at Rini Technologies have advanced knowledge of high performance evaporative cooling techniques and are uniquely qualified to develop evaporative cooling systems. For this program, RTI will team with Schwartz Electro-Optic, a laser manufacturer, to develop the technology. The proposed cooler will replace the current water-cooled heat sinks used to cool diode stacks and the gain crystals. This system will maintain diode junction temperature at 25 øC instead of 80 øC when operated at high power. Thus, by using evaporative cooling vs. single-phase convection, a considerable increase in power density and reliability can be realized. This means smaller, more powerful, more efficient, and less expensive solid state lasers. A cooling system for solid state lasers that will increase the efficiency, reliability, and power while reducing the size and cost of the system is of significant interest to laser manufacturers that build lasers for industrial applications. Laser use in the materials processing industry is rapidly increasing due to its superior versatility. This type of system will increase the scope of use for industrial lasers while reducing the overhead cost of using a laser on the floor of an industrial plant. A small, powerful laser can be integrated into the "hand" of a robotic arm for welding and cutting in automotive assembly lines, or material trimming in a microchip fabrication plant. |
| SIERRA LOBO, INC.
308 S. Clover St. Fremont, OH 43420 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(419) 624-8447
Mark Haberbusch BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | Densified Cryogen System for Maximum Storage and Delivery Performance in Zero-Gravity |
| Abstract: | A system is proposed for producing and maintaining densified cryogens aboard a space platform. This system increases the mass of cryogen that can be stored in a fixed tank volume and allows higher delivery rates by virtue of the increased density of the cryogen. Patent-pending sensor technology is incorporated to provide information on the cryogen thermodynamic state as well as gauge the quantity of liquid present in the tank. Other unique features of the proposed system include: reduced tank structural requirements due to lower saturation pressures; elimination of boiloff; and an autogenous pressurization subsystem. Phase I of this proposal will analytically verify the feasibility of the system and demonstrate operation of a breadboard sensor array in liquid nitrogen. In addition, selection and initial design of the critical components will be completed, and a prototype concept for experimental validation will be developed for the subsequent Phase II effort. Technology developed under this proposal has direct and immediate application to aerospace vehicles using cryogenic propellants. Increases in payload capacities as high as 29% have been predicted in independent government studies for densified propellants. In addition to the aerospace market, other industries where cryogens are stored or transported could benefit from the increased capacity and elimination of boiloff enabled by this technology. Candidate nonaeropace markets include: industrial gases; chemical and petroleum processing; metallurgy; electronics; food processing; medical oxygen; and automotive fuel cells. |
| SY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
5170 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Suite 240 Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 922-9095
Russell Shaw BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | An Optimally Designed, MEMS-Fabricated, Enhanced Surface, Boiling Heat Sink for Passive Immersion Cooling of Integrated Circuits |
| Abstract: | Passive immersion cooling is one of the leading candidate cooling architectures being considered for future use in the cooling of integrated circuits. The main technical hurdle that has prevented the current widespread use of passive immersion cooling of IC chips has been the temperature overshoot associated with incipient nucleation. Recent experimental ebullient heat transfer studies have been conducted on re-entrant cavity enhanced surfaces made with micro-machine fabrication techniques. These studies demonstrate the superiority of such surfaces to substantially reduce the wall superheat at moderate to high surface heat flux levels in the nucleate boiling regime. SY Technology, Inc. proposes an innovative enhanced surface concept that may be incorporated into a heat sink for passive immersion cooling of integrated circuits. The innovative surface is composed of re-entrant cavities for maximizing the surface heat flux in the nucleate boiling regime and sub-micron surface structures for minimizing the temperature overshoot at incipient nucleation. The Phase I effort will demonstrate that the proposed surface can perform as intended. The Phase II effort will determine the optimal dimensions and shapes of the surface geometry for the proposed surface, and incorporate the optimized enhanced surface into a heat sink for commercialization of passive immersion cooling. It is anticipated that the innovative enhanced surface proposed herein will permit the commercial development of passive immersion cooling of integrated circuits. The commercial development of passive immersion cooling of microprocessors will greatly benefit products such as personal computers, automotive power-train electronics, medical diagnostic equipment, military hardware, and many other high-power consuming electronic devices. |
| TTH RESEARCH, INC.
3403 Londonleaf Lane Laurel, MD 20724 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 641-2954
Triem Hoang BMDO 00-007 |
| Title: | Multiple Pump Loop Heat Pipe with Temperature Control |
| Abstract: | In the current state of spacecraft thermal control technology, Capillary Pumped Loops (CPLs) and Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) are at the forefront of intensive research and development. Both CPLs and LHPs are capable of dispersing heat quickly from a concentrated heat source and transporting it to remotely located heat sinks via small and flexible transport lines. CPLs were originally developed in the United States by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in the early 1980s. CPLs demonstrated that they could acquire waste heat from separate heat sources and transport it over long distance to multiple heat sinks located at different places. CPL start-ups however involved tedious and time-consuming procedures that sometimes required more than one hour of pre-conditioning prior to the loop operation. LHPs were invented in the former Soviet Union at about the same time. LHPs did not require loop pre-conditioning for start-ups. Nor did the capillary pumps ever deprime during operation. LHPs could start, stop, and re-start under almost any condition. An Advanced LHP (A-LHP) concept is proposed for Phase I that combines LHP and CPL technologies into a single loop. A-LHP inherits both CPL and LHP attributes: start-up without loop pre-conditioning, tight temperature control, reliability and operational robustness. A-LHP will perform like a CPL that can acquire waste heat from multiple heat sources and dissipate it to different heat sinks. Since it can start up just like a LHP, A-LHP does not require a tedious and lengthy pre-condition procedure. A-LHP will be ideal for advanced concepts of spacecraft thermal control such as central thermal bus or deployable radiator. |
| FRACTAL SYSTEMS, INC.
14200 Carlson Circle Tampa, FL 33626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(813) 854-4332
Matt Aldissi BMDO 00-008 |
| Title: | Multifunctional Conductive Polymers for Broad-Frequecy Radiation Hardening Applications |
| Abstract: | Survivability countermeasures against nuclear, laser, EMI/EMP and radar/microwave radiation are needed, particularly with the strong dependence of US defense on more complex microcircuitries incorporated in the various military components. Furthermore, the increasing use of composites, which do not incorporate conductive elements, in electronic equipment, aerospace and other hardware requires radiation hardening. In the absence of inadequate hardening, failure of electronics could result due to, for example, changes in frequency characteristics of the various components such as capacitors, resistors and inductors. In this program, we will develop novel products that encompass several materials with different electromagnetic properties at the particle level, which can be easily processed in one layer into the desired shape. The materials will be engineered for specific applications with performance throughout a wide frequency range, in collaboration with our industrial and military partners. The Phase I program will address materials fabrication, processing and characterization. Our partner Lockheed Martin Skunkworks will perform absorption/reflection measurements. The Phase II program will be geared towards material optimization so that it meets the necessary electrical and mechanical requirements. The successful materials will be easily commercialized due to the existence of a wide market for their use through our commercial partners. Low cost, easily processable and multifunctional radiation hardening materials in one single layer, with high performance in a wide frequency range, will be beneficial for immunity in a large number of military and commercial components. Aeronautic, telecommunications, missiles and electronic equipment are examples of potential markets for the proposed technology. |
| FULL CIRCLE RESEARCH, INC.
PO Box 4010 San Marcos, CA 92069 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 431-5622
James Spratt BMDO 00-008 |
| Title: | RAD-HARD CCDs FROM COMMERCIAL SUPPLIERS THRU COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN TECHNIQUES |
| Abstract: | Full Circle Research, Inc. (FCR) proposes a program to develop radiation-inclusive technology computer aided design (RH-TCAD) modeling techniques which will permit commercial suppliers to manufacture rad-hard charge coupled devices (CCDs) for use in imagers and star trackers for space applications. Successful completion of this program will facilitate the procurement of rad-hard CCDs from commercial microelectronic foundries at reasonable cost for use in space surveillance and navigation systems. This proposal discusses the applications in which CCDs are being used in military and commercial space systems, and the importance of radiation hardening in these applications. It then discusses how TCAD tools are used by commercial foundries, and how these tools are used today to procure commercial (unhardened) CCDs. It then discusses the differences between unhardened CCDs and rad-hard CCDs, and explains what improvements need to be made to the commercial TCAD tools to permit these tools to be used to design and manufacture rad-hard CCDs. A specific program of RH-TCAD development for CCDs for use in military and commercial space systems is then presented which will permit recent advances in our understanding of space radiation effects in CCDs to be implemented in production devices, at reasonable cost. This project would benefit military and civilian space users by permitting commercial IC manufacturers to build CCDs hardened to space radiation. Applications for CCDs such as space navigation, surveillance, terminal guidance etc., are curently limited by the sensitivity of conventional CCDs to radiation. This project will permit commercial production of hardened CCDs. |
| NANOSONIC, INC.
P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-1785
Kristie Cooper BMDO 00-008 |
| Title: | Self-Assembled Radiation Resistant Thin Films and Devices |
| Abstract: | High performance microelectronic and photonic systems developed for missile defense systems are often particularly susceptible to radiation damage due to their small feature size and novel material composition. Radiation shielding coatings, as well as radiation hardened system elements themselves, which are durable in the space environment, are required to reduce the susceptibility of these components to radiation effects from either nuclear weapons or the natural space environment itself. Such coatings require a physical and chemical structure suitable to withstand exposure to ionizing radiation, charged particles, small particle impact, and atomic oxygen exposure. NanoSonic, Inc. proposes to investigate the feasibility of incorporating such electrical and structural multifunctionality into multilayer thin film coatings and devices using electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) processes. Recent results of the PI and colleagues have demonstrated the ability to produce such properties through the incorporation of carefully selected metallic and metal oxide nanoclusters in combination with high-performance polymers. The low-cost layer-by-layer ESA method allows the inclusion of multiple critical properties in a single film. NanoSonic has licensed the enabling ESA patents from Virginia Tech, and would work with Lockheed-Martin and Virginia Tech researchers to design, fabricate and evaluate prototype multifunctional radiation hardened coatings. ESA processing may be used to fabricate high performance hardened coatings and devices for aerospace, commercial, industrial and military electronic systems. The same process may be used to fabricate protective UV filtering coatings, protective ultrahard coatings for tools and consumer products, ultrahigh conductivity thin film electrodes and interconnects, and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) thin film devices and sensors. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.
11400 West Olympic Blvd. Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 565-2970
Ronald Helmick BMDO 00-009 |
| Title: | LETHALITY AND VULNERABILITY |
| Abstract: | The development of adaptive guidance filters for terminal homing guidance is critical for the successful engagement of maneuvering Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBMs). Re-entry maneuvers, such as spirals and weaves, may occur as the result of re-entry or by deliberate design. In the exoatmosphere, divert maneuvers are the result of deliberate design. Technology Service Corporation (TSC) proposes to develop guidance filters based on the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm for use in missile systems with seekers providing line-of-sight (LOS) measurements and varying degrees of range/range-rate accuracies. The focus on LOS information is important because some missiles only have a passive seeker, and for missiles having an active or semi-active seeker, the range information may be denied or degraded in the presence of countermeasures. The IMM algorithm is a self-adjusting variable bandwidth estimator that is robust and adaptive to target maneuvers, and it is implemented using multiple (interacting) filters. The IMM provides better tracking performance than either a single Kalman filter or maneuver detection schemes. TSC will extend an existing missile simulation, develop the IMM estimators, and conduct a series of Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the performance of the IMM against various types of targets and maneuvers. The potential for commercialization is primarily related to missile systems. The technology developed under this program will improve guidance performance for Navy, Army, and Air Force missile systems including active, semiactive, and passive seekers. The technology will also have non-military applications. For example, it could have potential applications to air traffic control and airspace monitoring systems, precision landing applications, GPS guidance, and guidance/control for aircraft in general. The IMM estimators could be applied to adapt the state estimators to the characteristics of each aircraft. This would provide increased accuracy which would enhance the performance of traffic alert and collision avoidance systems, automated landing systems, etc. |
| AERO OPTICS, INC.
655 Deep Valley Drive Suite 335 Rolling Hills Est, CA 90274 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 541-1933
G. Freeman BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | Flow Advanced Simulation Tool (FAST) |
| Abstract: | A comprehensive rigorous unified physical formulation and accurate efficient robust computation technique are described for simulating complex compressible viscous reacting multiphase flow phenomena which can affect or control the performance or signature of a flight vehicle during all phases of operation. The method enables continuous seamless predictions for internal, external and unbounded subsonic and supersonic flow regions (nozzle, plume, body, wake) from ground to space including turbulent, laminar, and noncontinuum regimes and transitions. The computations provide three- dimensional nonsteady flow properties for evaluating engine propulsion/products, body aerodynamics/heating, plume/wake signature, etc. This unique fully-automated computation capability combines the efficiency of special-purpose tools such as the BMDO standard plume codes with the utility of more general tools such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. Advanced enabling technologies include a finite-element flow-conformal computation grid which is coupled to the flow and determined simultaneously. The grid captures automatically the local flow features and boundary conditions (surface or free) and is ideally suited for treating coupled nonequilibrium reactions and transport phenomena. The proposed Phase I effort is intended to demonstrate the essential proof-of-concept and validation for each enabling technology as a basis for full implementation in Phase II. Benefits to BMDO include enhanced capability, fidelity, and speed for flow computations to support target optical signature analysis and simulation with application to detection, tracking, typing, targeting, and intelligence. Potential commercial applications include advanced computational fluid dynamics and imaging methodologies with broad utility for investigating flow-dependent physical phenomena and related optical effects. |
| AERO OPTICS, INC.
655 Deep Valley Drive Suite 335 Rolling Hills Est, CA 90274 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 541-1933
Blaine Pearce BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | Radiation Advanced Simulation Tool (RAST) |
| Abstract: | New innovative concepts and formulations for spectral radiation in plumes and atmospheres are proposed for incorporation in an advanced unified comprehensive radiation simulation tool for complex flow phenomena at arbitrary altitude. The innovations enable unprecedented accuracy, efficiency, and generality for optical signature simulation to support multiple scientific and systems applications which include infrared-ultraviolet, line-band, spectra-imagery, gaseous-particulate, emission-scattering, equilibrium-nonequilibrium, high fidelity - real time. Key enabling innovations include a fundamental generalization of classical band-model theory to account for the combined line-strength/spacing statistics at arbitrary resolution and a revised formulation of the integral equation of transport to account for highly nonuniform paths with coupled emission, absorption, scattering. The Phase I effort is designed to implement and demonstrate the new innovative concepts and formulations compared to current methods as a basis for determining the feasibility and payoff of incorporating these innovations in an advanced radiation simulation tool. The software product contains extensive capabilities for broad commercial applications in research and development which include engine performance diagnostics, pollution/contraband monitoring, molecular spectroscopy, remote sensing, hyperspectral imagery, environmental monitoring, global warming, and computational fluid imaging. Anticipated benefits include the consolidation and advancement of current state-of-art spectral image radiation technology within a unified comprehensive adaptive computation tool with unprecedented accuracy, efficiency, and utility. |
| ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM CONCEPTS, INC.
22 Haverhill Road P O Box 128 Windham, NH 03087 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 924-3572
Robert MacDonald BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | Rad Hard Very Deep Submicron Design by Concurrent Error Recovery |
| Abstract: | VLSI systems implemented in VDSM technology are vulnerable to radiation effects such as neutron, total ionizing dose, transient dose, and Single Event Upsets (SEU). ASC proposes to develop an EDA tool for the reconfiguration and optimization of behavioral VHDL into RTL synthesizable code for radiation hardened designs. This will require an extension of the proven technology that was developed for reducing power in DSP in fixed architecture semiconductor circuits. Off-line testing and on-line fault-tolerance techniques will be applied to detect errors and correct them "on the fly." ASC will use XML information architecture and methods for these EDA tools. A comparative study of existing XML resources and methods will be conducted. The goal is to create and utilize spare capacity for error checking. The validation laboratory at Boeing will be used because this independent resource has the facilities and expertise to validate the functional performance of new Rad Hard designs that have been optimized by the new ASC Reconfiguration Tool. The ASC Reconfiguration Tool will equip designs for radiation tolerance by creating and utilizing spare capacity for error checking. Both military and commercial markets can benefit from radiation tolerance achieved through circuit design rather than expensive foundry qualification. |
| DIGITAL SYSTEM RESOURCES, INC.
12450 Fair Lakes Circle Suite 500 Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 263-2800
Joe Murray BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE, ALGORITHMS, AND MODELS/SIMULATIONS |
| Abstract: | The Internet has motivated the introduction of Java as a programming language and development environment. Java has many advantages over existing programming languages including software development productivity of two to five times that of C, lower defect rates, rapid development of new technology, and complete dynamic portability. However, Java also has a significant disadvantage which is inefficiency of execution relative to C applications. While Java is not presently viable for developing complete combat systems, DSR proposes an innovative and unique technology to develop systems with Java that will run as efficiently as C, be developed over twice as fast as C, and incorporate the entire software base from the commercial Java industry. DSR proposes in this Phase I to select a COTS architecture for a Phase II demonstration relevant to ballistic missile defense, and identify all of the necessary peripheral devices for application of this new technology and Combat System Java Beans. As part of this Phase I effort, DSR will demonstrate this revolutionary capability using a specified architecture and several simple Java applications in a simple implementation. This technology is revolutionary, but requires a focused effort to mature it for use with large systems. The advancement of the technology described in this proposal represents a solution to the most significant technical problem faced by the Java community. Maturing this technology offers unparalleled performance increases for all embedded systems from thermostats to refrigerators to large scale military systems and server-based systems including large SMP servers. This technology can be used to replace monolithic operating systems in every area of the computing industry. This new technology can also be used to eliminate the need for underlying operating systems including Windows, MacOS, and all flavors of UNIX, but most significantly embedded operating systems like VxWorks and Lynx. This technology can execute applications more efficiently than any operating system. The commercial potential for DoD applications and civilian applications is enormous, but the technology must be matured in a Phase I and Phase II development program to the point where it can be fully implemented for major systems. |
| EDAPTIVE COMPUTING, INC.
2161 Blanton Dr Dayton, OH 45342 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 433-0477
Praveen Chawla BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE, ALGORITHMS, AND MODELS/SIMULATIONS |
| Abstract: | EDAptive Computing, Inc. presents a solution to the problem of effective high-frequency, mixed-signal system design, using a hardware description language (HDL), under the subtopic of "Very high-level language (VHLL) design for development and testing extremely large systems." Through our RF Applications in VHDL-AMS Environments (RAVEN) approach, we can enable VHDL-AMS to simulate RF designs as well as merely low-frequency analog and digital designs. This will provide an order-of-magnitude improvement in RF sensor system design effectiveness, enabling more efficient and less costly development of the RF sensors which are so vital to missile defense systems. Our RAVEN program will apply the standard constructs of VHDL-AMS, embellished by supporting tools and applications, to the problem of simulating secondary RF effects such as coupling and interference. This will permit immediate use of VHDL-AMS for RF design, without the need for any language revision. Our Phase I Objectives are to (1) define requirements, (2) prepare a preliminary design, (3) develop and test an experimental prototype (using an actual RF receiver design and test results for comparison), and (4) assess commercialization potential. The results will be an experimentally-tested and analytically-quantified feasibility assessment, a working, demonstrable prototype, and a preliminary design to carry into Phase II. By enabling VHDL-AMS to function as an RF design tool, we open the potential for significant government and commercial sales. Military RF systems developers (RADARs, ESM receivers, warning receivers, etc.), and commercial RF product developers (CBs, wireless communications, cell phones, radio and television, etc.) will be our markets. By enabling HDL-based RF design and simulation, RAVEN will enjoy immediate market demand as an extension to already-popular VHDL/VHDL-AMS tools and design suites. |
| FANTASTIC DATA LLC
207 Prospect Avenue San Francisco, CA 94110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(415) 643-9555
Thomas Hammel BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | Automatic Partitioning of a Common Information Space Based on Policy and Usage |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a tool that determines the correct partitioning of a common information space to minimize a composite cost function based on the organization's policies. Cost function components include storage limits or cost, transmission limits or cost, and information criticality. The proposed tool can gather usage statistics over a period of time to produce partitioning recommendations. In can also make real-time corrections based on changing usage patterns for systems that support dynamic filter changes. Incorrect partitioning of an information space produces great direct and indirect costs. Direct costs include excessive payments for storage or transmission capability. Indirect costs can include poor or slow performance when the required information for decision making is either unavailable or difficult or slow to retrieve. In a military environment incorrect partitioning can leave units without the information they need to function when communications are restricted due to hostile action. Currently, partitioning is performed by guesswork by high paid consultants, sometimes well, but often poorly. The proposed tool will make the partitioning process scientific and accurate leading to lower costs and better decision making. |
| HYPERSPARSE TECHNOLOGIES
3557 Lesser Drive Newbury Park, CA 91320 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 480-4017
Francis Canning BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | Fast Solver for Electromagnetic and Acoustic Computation |
| Abstract: | Calculations of radar scattering, acoustic scattering, electromagnetic interference, high frequency circuit's properties, antenna patterns, etc. often strain or are beyond the capabilities of even today's computers. Roughly half of the computer programs used in these fields are based on integral equations, and result in a large full matrix which must be stored and inverted. Wavelets can compress the matrix to reduce storage requirements. However, they are difficult to use for general geometries and at best require extensive rewiring of existing programs. An algorithm has been discovered for taking the matrix from existing computer programs and transforming it to reduce storage requirements by two orders of magnitude. This is done one block of the matrix at a time, so all of the original matrix is never stored at once, resulting in a new matrix in a wavelet like basis. Our new algorithm allows this transformation to be computed from readily available information. The transformed matrix is sparse, and the locations of the non-zero elements allows a rapid sparse inverse of the matrix to be calculated by well known methods. A solver based on this algorithm will be tested as a way to speed up existing computer programs. We have discovered an extremely efficient algorithm which allows the solution of wave scattering problems in realistic times with very high accuracy on objects significantly larger in size than possible with currently available methods. Our algorithm can be implemented in existing computer programs with minor changes to interface to our solver module, in a way transparent to the end user. There is no expensive retraining of the user. The wave scattering problems to which our solver module applies include radar scattering, antenna design, circuit design, acoustics whether for undersea for medical ultrasound or for nondestructive testing, synthetic array performance modeling, electromagnetic interference, etc. Our solver removes the need to rewrite each computer program to improve its speed and memory requirements. |
| IC TECH, INC.
4295 Okemos Road Suite 100 Okemos, MI 48864 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(517) 349-9000
Gail Erten BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Topologies for Robust Object Recognition |
| Abstract: | Visual object recognition has been an active research topic for decades, but a robust solution to this difficult problem is yet to be identified. During this Phase I SBIR project, we propose to approach object recognition from a different point of view, by applying to it a technique that has worked very well for speech recognition, namely Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). HMM's success with speech recognition can be attributed to its flexibility and ability to solve two problems at once, namely segmentation and recognition. This is precisely the case with object recognition, as well. In the HMM based object recognition technique we propose, the hypotheses formation and verification steps of traditional object recognition architectures are thus merged without a mandate for a priori segmentation: HMM receives a set of image features in context, and in response, produces an "object word." The words may be connected to form sentences. Two or three dimensional "object sentences" may be synthesized from object words. Hierarchies of object primitives defined in this manner will further embellish the extent of the object description. During Phase I, we will design feature detection and analysis algorithms and define hierarchies of HMM topologies for object recognition. The work will also include an investigation of the impact of occlusion, lighting, and shadows on the proposed architecture. Object recognition, especially in real dynamic environments will be benefit many commercial and military applications. A specific application that analyzes existing video footage to label objects can create virtual representations of real world data and at the same time allow for searchable databases of visual information - much like text keyword search on the Internet. |
| IC TECH, INC.
4295 Okemos Road Suite 100 Okemos, MI 48864 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(517) 349-9000
Gail Erten BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | Ultra low power motorless pan/tilt control for single chip cameras |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will investigate and implement a low power motorless camera pan/tilt mechanism and control. The platform, as well as the image processing and control modules will be tailored for single chip and miniature cameras that can be readily interfaced with personal computers. A wide expanse of fields, ranging from the biological modeling of the ocular motor system to the engineering design of adaptive control mechanisms, will be put to use upon the proposed work. Rather than using motorized mechanisms, shape memory alloy (also known as "muscle") wires are proposed as the means of actuation. The control objective during Phase I of this project will be to position an object of interest, e.g., a face or a hand, on the center image plane. A variety of control procedures will be investigated, including, first the conventional PID method, as well as methods based on sophisticated kinematics and dynamics models of the actuation platform, best described as nonlinear differential equations. A demonstration is planned at the end of Phase I to illustrate the results. The novel vision oriented control techniques developed and implemented during this project will expand the domain of vision based human-machine interaction. Moreover, an active camera can facilitate an enhanced telepresence experience through video. As a participant in the SBIR Fast Track program, IC Tech has an established ongoing commercialization process and the proposed project is fully aligned with that on going effort. |
| NGS
PO BOX 31205 Dayton, OH 45437 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1132
Martin Davis Jr. BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | A Real-Time Fibre Channel Switch |
| Abstract: | Fibre Channel has gained market momentum not only in the commercial storage industry but also in avionics applications. For instance, Fibre Channel is being used on a number of avionics weapon systems upgrades. Of the viable, available commercial standards that can be used today or will be implemented in the reasonable future, Fibre Channel is the best fit for both DoD and commercial real-time, fault-tolerant, high-availability systems. Current Fibre Channel switch vendors have not effectively addressed these needs. To meet this market, we propose a Fibre Channel switch which will simultaneously support switching both a comprehensive set of physical layer classes of service and the logical protocol layer called Virtual Interface Architecture. We will first build a model of our switch. We then will enumerate various configurations of the switch which potentially will meet our design goal. With the model, we will evaluate which configuration is best. We will then translate the best configuration into a documented system design (including implementation plan and timetable), which will then form the basis of our Phase 2 effort. Throughout the Phase 1 effort, we will work with our projected Fast Track partners/investors to incorporate their requirements and feedback into the design. Fibre Channel was a $1+ billion industry in 1999. Estimates are that by 2010 Fibre Channel will be a $10-20 billion industry. The amount of data that is stored is growing by orders of magnitude daily. Many companies involved in transaction processing have such a magnitude of data changed in a day that they cannot reliably back it up. These companies increasingly depend on reliable media that must be up nearly 100% of the time. System/Storage Area Networks for these customers must be increasingly secure, fault tolerant, and reliable. These are all characteristics of DoD systems - and increasingly becoming characteristics of commercial systems. Commercial Fibre Channel switch companies are becoming increasingly concerned about providing fault tolerance and reliability in their products. But, their products do not support the range of classes of service that our switch will. Our switch's enhanced classes of services will enable our product to fill niches that others' switches cannot fill. |
| QUADRANT ENGINEERING, INC.
107 Sunderland Road Amherst, MA 01002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(413) 549-4402
Ivan Popstefanija BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | High Dimension Clustering for Computer Intrusion Detection |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR proposal describes high dimensional data classification algorithm applicable to the problem of real-time intrusion detection. Our approach to this problem involves using generic, robust data classification algorithms for very large sets of high dimensional data vectors. The algorithm is based on three successful projects in data clustering carried out in recent years by researchers at the University of Massachusett. Our phase I goal is to test our clustering algorithms on ground truth data in a mutually blind fashion and to clarify the concept of similarity used in the particular case of intrusion detection. The algorithms are developed independently of the ground truth data and will be generically applicable. Applications of this technology include protecting government, military and private computer systems against unauthorized intrusion. |
| SENTAR, INC.
4900 University Square Suite 8 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 704-0863
Andrew Schooley BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | Agent-based Knowledge-design Assistance (AKA) |
| Abstract: | Over the past decade the growth of data, information and knowledge has been accelerating and search engines and simple automation have proven to be inadequate at addressing the ensuing information glut. This points to the opportunity to apply Intelligent Agent technology to the problem by using them as assistants in managing data/information and developing the needed knowledge. Our proposed "Agent-based Knowledge-design Assistance (AKA) Environment" concept is a significant opportunity for the creation of an integrated environment for rapidly formulating knowledge bases utilizing agents in conjunction with design pattern concepts. The AKA concept provides an environment for hosting knowledge design pattern agents, called Template Agents (TA) and using XML as a run-time tool for conversion, storage, and maintenance of knowledge. The environment presents the user with an integrated view of the available TAs using an orchestrating agent, called Design Assistant Agent (DAA), which manages, arbitrates and negotiates with the TAs. All the agents act autonomously to promulgate their design pattern and agenda within the context of the AKA environment and the knowledge base content. We believe that the application of design patterns with the AKA environment will reduce risk, lead-time, complexity and level-of-effort associated with creation of knowledge and management of information. We expect the AKA project to be on a FastTrack due to commercialization plans of our teammates, Boeing and KnoWave, both of whom have immediate need for the technology. The AKA is targeted at the "solution seeking" market which is projected to grow from $240M in 2000 to about $1.9B in 2002. |
| THE ATHENA GROUP, INC.
3424 N.W. 31 Street Gainesville, FL 32605 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(352) 371-2567
Jonathon Mellott BMDO 00-010 |
| Title: | An Advanced Digital Signal Processor for Adaptive Beamforming Applications |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR project will develop an innovative new technology to enable the implementation of robust, high-performance adaptive beamforming wireless communications receivers using low-cost digital signal processing (DSP) hardware. Athena possesses an advanced DSP technology capable of performance levels well beyond those of conventional DSP technologies. This project will adapt well-known robust beamforming algorithms to enable their optimization within Athena's DSP technology. Beamforming algorithms have historically been developed in the context of general purpose computing environments featuring floating-point arithmetic. Athena's DSP technology is not suitable for general purpose computing and does not use floating-point arithmetic. Therefore, it will be necessary to carry out significant reorganization of the selected beamforming algorithms to implement them using Athena's DSP technology. The commercial value of the developed technology is substantial. Affordable beamforming antenna array processing could potentially be retrofitted onto any existing cellular communications system. The benefits of applying beamforming to a cellular communications system include increased performance and quality of service, increased handset to basestation range, and increased system capacity. The result would be lower cost and greater quality of service. |
| EOSPACE, INC.
8711 148th Ave NE Redmond, WA 98052 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 869-6975
Suwat Thaniyavarn BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | High-Speed, Polarization Independent, Integrated Optical Switch Matrix |
| Abstract: | A new and innovative high-speed, polarization independent, integrated optical switch matrix is proposed. The goal is to realize a state-of-the-art optically transparent switch capable of high speed switching (<< 1 microsecond) with no polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and no polarization dependent loss (PDL). The basic 2x2 switch will have very low-insertion loss (<3 dB) and very low crosstalk (<-40 dB). The 2x2 basic switch is scalable and can be integrated to form a larger NxN switch matrix. At present there is no viable high-speed optical cross-connect switch element, which limits the performance and implementation of the next generation optical switching network. This type of high-speed optical switch is a critical building block for the next-generation of fiber-optic "cross-connect" switching networks for ultra-wideband multi-gigabit/sec optical communication systems. This switching element is also a key enabling element for ultra-wideband optical signal processing applications. These include programmable single mode fiber-optic switched delay lines and optical transversal filters for wideband true-time-delay (TTD) elements as well as optical filters for microwave electronic surveillance and radar phased-array antenna beam forming. A high-speed, optically transparent, polarization independent switch with low insertion loss and very low-crosstalk is the key optical building block for the next generation of ultra-broadband, multi-gigabit/sec fiber-optic Internet "switch cross-connect" networks. This switching element is also a key enabling element for ultra-wideband optical signal processing applications, including programmable single mode fiber-optic switched delay lines and optical transversal filters for wideband true-time-delay (TTD) elements in addition to optical filters for microwave electronic surveillance and radar phased-array antenna beam forming. The development of this advanced state-of-the-art switch element will greatly increase the feasibility of these systems applications. The switch can leverage the potential implementation of these cross-connect systems which are expected to be worth billions of dollars per year. |
| ETALON, INC.
2565 Third Street Suite 205 San Francisco, CA 94107 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(415) 285-2090
Mark Miles BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | High Speed MEMS Based Optical Backplanes |
| Abstract: | Etalon intends to apply its patented interferometric modulator (IMod) technology to the development of next generation integrated optical components. IMods will allow for the fabrication of a high speed reconfigurable optical backplanes that can serve as an all optical switch, and as the basis for an array of photonic subsystems. These optical backplanes are unique in that they will allow for reconfiguration times in the 100 nanosecond regime, and are extremely simple in construction. Additionally, they will be especially amenable to the integration of other photonic components including VCSELs, attenuators, modulators, tunable filters, and other optical functions, many of which can be fabricated in the form of IMods. Etalon will model and evaluate the potential for these devices, as well as perform some basic process experimentation to assess fabrication risk. The result will be a thorough optical and electromechanical design and process specification for an IMod based photonic switch, with additional models for optical subsystems based on this switch The device concepts resulting from the application of this technology will enable an array of optical subsystems for use in telecommunications, optical computing/storage, and IC interconnects. As a switch, an IMod based backplane will bring exceptionally fast reconfiguration speeds, design flexibility, and ruggedness. As the basis for highly integrated optical subsystems, this device has the potential to reduce racks of electronics and optics to a single chip. Significantly reducing cost and complexity in the manufacture of elaborate photonic networks and ultra high performance optical processing hardware |
| EUMI SYSTEMS CORP.
12334 Knightsbridge Drive Woodbridge, VA 22192 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 590-2920
Tae Oh BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | Compact, High Resolution Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter |
| Abstract: | The ultimate goal of the proposed Phase I work is to demonstrate the feasibility of miniaturized compact 1.55 mm acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF), and to establish the technical foundation for the fabrication of the tunable filter. This proposed innovative approach will permit the development of compact tunable filters capable of advanced performance for commercial and military applications. This tunable filter could be met by a WDM International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard grid for channel spacing of 100 GHz, higher spectral resolution, a tuning range covering the entire EDFA, and a very fast response time. This filter also permits simultaneous and independent selection/routing of many wavelength channels, and is designed for multi-channel dense WDM filters/routers/switches or fast scans optical spectrum analyzers. This acousto-optic tunable filter will permit simultaneous and independent selection/routing of many wavelength channels, and is designed for multi-channel dense WDM filters/routers/switches or fast scans optical spectrum analyzers. The tunable filters can be applied to both circuit-switched networks, and to packet- and cell-switching networks. |
| F&S, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4270
Daniela Topasna BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | ISAM Photorefractive Polymers for Holographic Data Storage |
| Abstract: | Revolutionary ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) methods of creating multifunctional thin-films monolayer by monolayer have recently been proven to yield self-assembled, electronically and photonically-active polymeric thin films. F&S and its research collaborators have demonstrated that the ISAM technique can be used to fabricate both polymer light emitting diodes and inherently noncentrosymmetric electro-optic polymer films. In the latter case, we have shown that the ionic nature of the deposition process results in a polar ordering of organic second order nonlinear chromophores that requires no additional processing after creation of the film and exhibits inherent long-term stability, in contrast to nonlinear optical poled polymers. Here, we propose to fabricate improved photorefractive polymers using the ISAM technique. The ISAM process allows precise nanoscale control over the assembly of the individual components (charge generator, photoconductor, and electro-optic chromophore) of a photorefractive polymer thin film with exceptional homogeneity and ease of processing. ISAM photorefractive films offer additional major advantages of excellent homogeneity for low scattering loss, high thermal and chemical stability, simplicity and low-cost. F&S will work with university nonlinear optical researchers to rapidly transition recent laboratory results to prototype device products. ISAM photorefractive polymers have immediate application in military and commercial areas for high volume, holographic data storage. |
| NANOWORKS, INC.
7289 Dabney Lane Fayetteville, NY 13066 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 443-1847
Damian Allis BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | OPTICAL COMPUTING AND OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING |
| Abstract: | The basis of current optical computation involves nonlinear optical materials for optical switching, mass storage and other related functions. Current nonlinear optical (NLO) molecular materials, however, are relatively inefficient and subject to environmental and thermal degradation. Thus, new classes of highly efficient NLO materials are required in order to make feasible certain components of optical computation. In this application, recently discovered polyhedral-based NLO molecules are proposed as a new class of optical materials with potentially very high second-order response and significantly improved chemical and physical properties. These materials have several distinct advantages for NLO applications arising from their synthetic availability and accessibility, the diversity of available three-dimensional structures, the extreme chemical and thermal stability of the polyhedral units, the aromatic electronic nature of the polyhedra, their stability to photochemical and neutron irradiation, and the UV-visible and infra-red features of the polyhedral species. New NLO materials would find a significant number of direct commercial applications to areas such as frequency doubled lasers, video displays and optical computation-based markets. |
| NEW SPAN OPTO-TECHNOLOGY, INC.
9370 SW 72nd Street, A-142 Miami, FL 33173 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(305) 321-5288
Ralph DeMasi BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | Novel Photonic Switch Matrix With Large Scale Matrix Forming Capability |
| Abstract: | Photonic approaches are attractive for next generation computing and communication systems. Large-scale photonic switch matrix is however difficult to realize because of the limitation of existing switching device architectures and fabrication technologies. Typically the photonic switch matrix requires N square cascaded matrix switching elements for N x N non-blocking switching. The large number of switching nodes involved makes the switch matrix suffer from significant crosstalk due to imperfect analog switching. This limits the matrix size that can be achieved. Using binary switching control can facilitate the formation of large-scale switch matrix. But current technology suffers from slow switching reconfiguration rate. New Span Opto-Technology Inc. proposes a novel photonic switch matrix using diffractive optical element array for switch pattern reconfiguration. By minimizing the switching nodes and incorporating binary switching the novel device should minimize the switch crosstalk, improve device throughput, and offer the simultaneous advantages of large-scale matrix forming capability and fast switch pattern reconfiguration. Phase I research will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed photonic switch concept. Phase II study will optimize the device and realize a large-scale photonic switch matrix for communication and computing applications. The successful development of the photonic switch matrix with large-scale matrix forming capability and fast switch pattern reconfiguration can result in dual use applications. It will benefit greatly to military and aerospace systems for fast computing and signal processing for targeting, missile interception, and fast access to large intelligent database. It will also benefit the communication industry to improve network routing speed for better video conferencing, video e-mail, and internet access. |
| NP PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES
UA Science and Technology Park 9030 S. Rita Road, Tucson, AZ 85747 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 799-7408
David Geraghty BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | Optical Waveguide add/drop filters for dense wavelength division multiplexing systems |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project deals with the development of novel wavelength add/drop filters using ion-exchange glass waveguide technology. The wavelength selectivity of the devices is based on waveguide Bragg gratings directly UV-imprinted in the waveguides. These innovative wavelength add/drop filters are key devices in advanced multi-wavelength computer and telecommunication networks. The proposed devices feature low losses, low-cross talk and are polarization insensitive which is of crucial importance in practical applications. The new devices have potential for extremely low production costs. Successfully meeting the goals in this Phase I project will provide an excellent foundation for the development of fully packaged fiber pigtailed devices. The key advantage of this integrated optics approach is the possibility to integrate several add/drop filters in a single substrate, which will increase the functionality of the devices and reduces the production costs. The proposed devices meet the needs of the rapidly growing telecommunications market and have great commercial potential. The proposed devices meet the needs of the rapidly growing telecommunications market and have great commercial potential |
| NP PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES
UA Science and Technology Park 9030 S. Rita Road, Tucson, AZ 85747 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 799-7412
Mohammed Fardad BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | Multi-mode interference splitters for integrated optics |
| Abstract: | Realization of customer access in photonic networks is strongly dependent on a low-cost technology for optical components of high performance. Basic research has indicated that glass-on-silicon employing the sol-gel process may provide the excellent solution to this requirement. The purpose of project is to exploit the potential of sol-gel towards the accomplishment of customer access photonics. The primary goals are as follows: i. To establish the viability of a low-cost photonic component technology based on sol-gel glass on silicon. ii. To demonstrate the potentials of the technology by fabricating key integrated optical components. iii. To bring successful basic research in this technology forward and towards commercial exploitation. The industrial viability of technology is established by developing reliable processes to produce the required waveguiding structures at relatively low temperature with high quality and repeatability. The potentials of this process will be demonstrated by fabricating some key integrated optic components based on multimode interference (MMI): 1' N (N x 64) splitters and combiners; with the emphasis on the optical quality and stability. To establish a low-cost, reliable and flexible process for the mass production of photonic components based on sol-gel technology. The process will greatly benefit the applications that require compact structures for signal splitting, coupling, routing, filtering and sensing. |
| OPTICOMP CORP.
PO Box 10779 Zephyr Cove, NV 89448 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(775) 588-4176
Peter Guilfoyle BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | Terabit Optoelectronic Backplane |
| Abstract: | The primary goal of the proposed Phase I effort is to configure an optoelectronic crossbar for a high performance backplane using the company's enabling optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) device technologies. These components have been developed under previous and current BMDO sponsored programs. Specifically leveraged is the company's waveguide technology to achieve a zero latency fully transparent backplane. The virtual crossbar eliminates the requirement for centralized backplane switching boards. This system architecture integrates vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), photodetectors, and smart pixel CMOS circuits, which eliminates expensive implementations using complex two dimensional edge emitting laser configurations. The optoelectronic backplane will provide a cost effective, scalable system by incorporating the company's enhanced parallel (N^3) and global (N^4) architectures using high fan-in and fan-out as well as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The proposed dual-use optoelectronic backplane can be implemented into military systems for datacom and telecom applications such as battle management command, control, communications, and intelligence (BMC^3I). This Phase I program has a degree of technical risk because the system architecture has not been previously implemented. Nevertheless, the company is currently holding product discussions with selected network suppliers for subsequent commercialization. The program technology will be integrated into current and future backplane configurations. The optoelectronic backplane market is projected to have sales of $1.95 billion by 2008. During Phase III, the program technology will be commercialized through a strategic partnership and/or a joint development effort with a telecommunications company which specializes in backplane production. |
| PHOTON-X, INC.
291 Great Valley Parkway Malvern, PA 19355 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(610) 240-9773
Anthony Garito BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | Novel Broadband Rare Earth Fluoro Polymer/Glass Optical Amplifiers |
| Abstract: | The objectives are to address the major problem of broadband optical amplification through the optimization of Photon-X rare earth fluoro polymer/glass material compositions and compatible fluorinated cladding materials, to demonstrate an ultra high gain fluoro polymer/glass medium several centimeters in length, and to analyze the most cost effective way to deploy the technology. The proposed work will involve the formulation and characterization of materials, fabrication of test samples for amplifier characterization, and analysis of the impact on optical amplifier module cost and performance. The polymer materials allow for high concentrations of rare earth ions without clustering effects, resulting in measured gains greater than 5 dB/cm in related systems. Our approach further addresses key problems such as optical attenuation, pump efficiency, nonradiative decay and gain spectrum flattening. Key amplifying medium properties to be characterized include gain, gain spectrum, and noise. Numerical modeling of the relevant three and four-level atomic systems will be used to compare theory with experiment. Successful demonstration of high gain amplifying media at 1310 nm, for example, would significantly accelerate deployment of optical networks closer to the home and provide for ultra high data transfer rates in critical ballistic missile applications. The major anticipated benefits of the Photon-X broadband optical amplifier technology development are to give greatly increased telecommunications network capacity through broader coverage of the available fiber bandwidth, provide for reduced size and cost of optical amplifier modules, enable amplification in previously inaccessible wavelength windows such as 1310 nm at high efficiency, and facilitate new device architectures. A broadband compact optical amplifier provides a solution for both commercial and ballistic missile systems, enabling ultra high data transfer rates, cost efficient use of DWDM technology, security and immunity to electrical interference. |
| REVEO, INC.
85 Executive Blvd Elmsford, NY 10523 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(914) 345-9556
Jianjun Xu BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | Oriented Crystal Thin Films for Optical Signal Processing |
| Abstract: | This SBIR proposal is to develop the first low-cost fabrication technique for high performance nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. By enabling the first low cost, all-optical, high bandwidth, low latency switch this innovation will have a tremendous impact on worldwide telecommunications. Reveo proposes the first viable fabrication method for oriented organic NLO crystal films. The technique uses the self-ordering mechanism of the liquid crystal host to align the `guest' NLO molecules and field-poling to remove the centro-symmetry. With additional processing, the guest concentration is increased a thousand-fold and oriented nano-crystallites are formed within the film. The NLO properties of the nano-structured films are expected to approach those of the bulk crystal, typically much higher than that of poled polymer films. Preliminary experiments demonstrate the viability of the proposed technology. These films will exhibit higher NLO effect, lower scattering losses, and substantially improved long-term stability compared to poled organic NLO materials. In Phase I, the film preparation and characterization techniques will be further developed and optimized. In Phase II, the technology will be expanded to a variety of nonlinear materials, and prototype devices will be developed and characterized. These devices will ultimately lead to dual-use applications in Phase III. The proposed technique represents a fundamental improvement over existing NLO crystal film fabrication techniques, and as such will enable the commercial viability of NLO devices for optical switching and signal processing. Highly integrated devices such as high-speed light modulators and switches will find an immediate market in telecommunications and optical computing. Other applications include all-optical logic devices (light-controlled switches) and wavelength conversion devices (second/third harmonic generation and parametric oscillator). Reveo will leverage its successful SBIR commercialization strategy and existing industry contacts to accelerate the process of bringing this technology to all of these markets. |
| SRICO, INC.
2724 SAWBURY BOULEVARD COLUMBUS, OH 43235 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 799-0664
Stuart Kingsley BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | Ultrafast Optical Tuner for DWDM Systems |
| Abstract: | The late 1990's have seen a substantial interest by long and medium-haul network companies in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) systems. In DWDM systems, more and more closely spaced laser carriers are transmitted down each fiber to increase fiber channel capacity. In military RF photonic links and photonic phased array antenna systems, the ability to multiplex and demultiplex closely spaced laser wavelengths adds enormously to the benefits of implementing a fiber optics approach. The increased density of laser wavelengths in high-speed communications systems, however, requires the ability to rapidly tune these wavelengths. Srico proposes to develop a novel, ultrafast, integrated optic filter that can be used as an optical tuner for DWDM systems. The device uses a Mach-Zehnder interferometer platform. By cascading additional interferometers on the chip, this technology could be extended to more than 1000 laser channels. The push for increased capacity in the installed base of fiber optic networks requires the ability to select and route optical channels at different wavelengths. This ultrafast, tunable optical filter, is a key sub-system for Broadband Optical Networks, RF Photonic Links and Phased Array Antennas. This innovative optical chip development would benefit radar signal processing and photonic based phased array antennas used in national missile defense (NMD). |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 934-2100
Gregory Whaley BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | InGaAsN/GaAs Surface Emitting Laser for 1300 nm Communication |
| Abstract: | Optical fiber systems are increasingly used in computer networks, secure telecommunications systems, military aircraft, and even in missile guidance systems. Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) are emerging as a preferred technology for optical fiber transceivers in short- haul, on-premise, data networks. VCSELs have not yet become practical for long haul 1300 and 1550nm fiber communications primarily due to material limitations. Solving these materials problems would allow the performance and cost advantages of the short haul VCSEL technology to be applied to the medium and long haul fiber communication networks. SVT Associates proposes a new material system utilizing a nitrogen-incorporated III-V semiconductor, InGaAsN, grown on GaAs, to form multiple quantum wells for the active region of the VCSEL. High performance Bragg reflecting mirrors composed of simple GaAs/AlGaAs layers can then be used without the need for exotic wafer fusion techniques. In Phase I, we will establish the critical growth parameters needed for creating high performance, 1300nm emitting, active layers and then perform ex-situ testing of the grown materials to demonstrate its high optical quality. In Phase II we will fabricate monolithic 1300nm VCSELs for high speed single mode fiber transmission. Optical fiber data transmission, optical scanners, environmental sensing, optical computing. |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 934-2100
Peter Chow BMDO 00-011 |
| Title: | Enhanced GaN:Er LED for Integrated Optoelectronics |
| Abstract: | Advances in optical computing and signal processing would benefit from the breakthroughs in materials technology for monolithic optoelectronics integration. A key component of the optoelectronic chip is an efficient light source. SVT Associates proposes an enhanced GaN:Er light emitter diode fabricated on silicon substrate and integrated with optical waveguide, such that light propagation can be manipulated for fast on-chip or chip-to-chip communications. Since high quality GaN can be grown directly on Si, and it is a very robust material capable of withstanding high processing temperature, its integration to Si electronics could lead to high performance photonic chips. Based on demonstrated results we plan to investigate methods to improve the luminescence quality and device structure such that the efficiency of the device could be significantly enhanced. The proposed concept would lead to integrated electronics and photonic devices. Because of it is silicon based, such "superchip" could result in economical, large scale, high performance super computers and high bandwidth optical communication systems. |
| CAPE COD RESEARCH, INC.
19 Research Road East Falmouth, MA 02536 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 540-4400
Francis Keohan BMDO 00-012 |
| Title: | STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | A new type of interply fabric connection system is proposed for simplifying resin transfer molding (RTM) composite fabrication processes. The proposed research explores the feasibility of incorporating micromechanical connectors between dry fabric layers to stabilize the stacked preforms during resin infusion. The ultimate objective of the program is to develop a process for fabricating composite structures of varying complexity having preforms held in place without tackifying adhesives. The novel interply connecting system will be delivered in a form that is amenable to both hand lay-up or automated preform assembly. Adhesiveless assembly of the dry fabric plies can dramatically reduce the level of 'touch labor' and consumable waste materials associated with RTM processing. In the proposed study, the methodology for fabricating and applying this preform stabilizing system will be developed. The new interply anchoring method will be tested in RTM processes using traditional tackifying adhesives as a control. The physical and mechanical properties of the resulting composites will be compared to demonstrate feasibility. The new preform stabilizers could potentially be used in a variety of RTM processes to reduce costs and improve the reliability of composites manufactured by this increasingly important technique. The benefits of an easy-to-apply, adhesiveless preform anchoring system include: simplification of the RTM composite fabrication process, less 'touch labor' costs and material waste high, and improved composite mechanical properties. Potential commercial applications lie in the manufacture of aerospace, marine and terrestrial vehicles for both military and civilian markets. |
| CSA ENGINEERING, INC.
2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 210-9000
Joseph Maly BMDO 00-012 |
| Title: | Pre-Processed, Containerized BMDO Payloads for Quick Reaction Launches on Reusable Launch Vehicles |
| Abstract: | During times of conflict or potential conflict, there will be requirements for a class of surveillance satellites to detect missile launches. Although systems are currently under development, if this system is not yet deployed or one or more of the satellites is knocked out or fails, the requirement still remains so that the US, its allies, and their troops will be protected. The US may also need the ability to rapidly launch a satellite to provide coverage of a specific area. Because of the orbit required, the launch site may not be one of the usual secure sites currently used. This SBIR proposes an innovative approach to allow rapid launches of classified satellites on reusable launch vehicles (RLVs), such as the DoD Space Plane, where the satellite will also have vibration and acoustic protection during shipping and launch. The satellite will be preprocessed and stored in a protective launch container that will provide environment protection during launch. This launch container will be placed in a special shipping container that will provide environment protection and control during shipping. In addition to this environment mitigation, elimination of time consuming payload integration at the launch site will enhance the ability to maintain surveillance during times of conflict by decreasing RLV turnaround time. Greater protection of satellites during shipment to remote launch sites, rapid integration of satellites into payload bays of RLVs, reduced launch environments of satellites launched on RLVs, improved shipping containers for large, sensitive commercial products including commercial communication satellite constellations. |
| CSA ENGINEERING, INC.
2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 210-9000
Shawn Kelso BMDO 00-012 |
| Title: | A Semi-Active MR Solution for SBL Vibrations and Controls |
| Abstract: | Precision controlled actuation and vibration isolation utilizing magnetorheological (MR) fluid technology for critical locations aboard the Space-Based Laser (SBL) is proposed. The proposed MR solution will provide robust semi-active vibration isolation and passive damping to aid in line-of-sight (LOS) jitter reduction. This technology is also proposed to aid in the precision pointing efforts by controlling actuation and mitigating transient energy imparted during active pointing operation. As a baseline, the proposed MR solution will serve as a passive, failsafe vibration isolation system. Candidates for this new MR technology aboard the SBL include the beam expander pointing system, vibration isolation of the optical transfer assembly (OTA), and vibration isolation of the laser resonator. The research will utilize SBL-based finite element models to determine the performance characteristics of the semi-active MR devices. New MR technology prototype hardware, innovative in its use of the MR-effect, will be fabricated and comprehensively characterized. New MR fluid, tailored specifically for this application, will also be developed and tested. Mechanical and electromagnetic design will be carried out simultaneously. The result of this research will be the proof of concept of the benefits offered by the new MR solution, fueling development of space flight hardware in Phase II. For the SBL program, it is anticipated that the benefits of a simple, semi-active MR solution will increase the margin of line-of-sight (LOS) jitter reduction by actively addressing frequency-specific vibration phenomena. Vibration isolation systems using this technology will find wide commercial acceptance, including applications in ground transport vehicles, aircraft and precision manufacturing equipment. |
| DYNAMIC STRUCTURE & MATERIALS, LLC
309 Williamson Square Franklin, TN 37064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 595-6665
Jeffrey Paine BMDO 00-012 |
| Title: | Miniature Compliant Spatial Parallel Manipulators |
| Abstract: | An innovative solution for the design of a miniature and potentially micro high-performance active-structure is proposed. When developed this device will find use in various military, commercial and medical applications to provide miniature, mobile control surfaces for manipulating, pointing and tracking tasks. To be innovative and viable, this device must demonstrate characteristics such as the ability to provide sufficient control authority, withstand high dynamic loads and provide sufficient rigidity all while offering the necessary mobility to accomplish a specified task. We propose to achieve this through the development of a compliant, three-dimensional parallel manipulator to serve as a miniature (or micro) pointing system or platform manipulator. This effort combines innovative technology developments in the area of compliant mechanism research as well as parallel manipulator research. Specifically, we will create a spatial, three-degree-of-freedom, compliant parallel manipulator suitable for fabrication at a miniature or micro level. This manipulator will be capable of rotational motion about two axes and translational motion about a third axis. This compliant manipulator will form the first in a class of such compliant manipulators that combine the characteristics of parallel manipulators with the low cost, small-scale capabilities resulting from a compliant structure design. Candidate applications of miniature compliant spatial manipulators include non-invasive surgery that require endoscopic and laparoscopic tools; miniature tracking and pointing systems for mirrors, solar arrays, view stabilization and lens focusing for surveillance cameras; remote inspection in equipment; platform manipulators for flight simulators, virtual flight devices test application. |
| MIDE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
56 Rogers Street Cambridge, MA 02142 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 252-0660
M.C. Schoor BMDO 00-012 |
| Title: | STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS |
| Abstract: | Mide is proposing innovative modular components for a new generation of spacecraft. The components will allow these new spacecraft to be serviced and repaired on-orbit. Servicing can be replacement of expendables, upgrading of capabilities and replacement of payloads. In Phase I Mid‚ will define a set of requirements, establish standards to maximize the benefits of modularity and examine several concepts to refine these requirements, standards and to prepare a preliminary system design. In Phase II a spacecraft, using the proposed modular components, will be designed for prototyping and space flight in Phase III. A new generation of spacecraft with modular components, that will simplify on-orbit servicing, will reduce the cost and extend the life of future government and commercial spacecraft. |
| MOHAWK INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
1037 Watervliet-Shaker Road Albany, NY 12205 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 862-4290
Hooshang Heshmat BMDO 00-012 |
| Title: | Innovative Structural Damping |
| Abstract: | A novel class of light-weight, extreme temperature structural dampers for advanced missile defense systems is now possible through the use of compacted powders. The proposed program will demonstrate the feasibility of integrating the powder damping treatment into structural elements such as plates, beams and cylindrical struts. On a fundamental level powder damping has already been demonstrated in a simple cylindrical rod and a beam type specimen. Thin powder layers (on the order of only mils thick) integrated into beams have already demonstrated damping levels equal to or better than conventional viscoelastic materials. The thin powder material damping treatment and test beam were also subjected to temperatures above 1500F and subsequently tested without adverse effects to the measured damping. Additionally, powder material rheological and damping properties have been determined at temperatures to 1000 F. The available beam and rod test data will be used to assess the feasibility of using powders to damp larger platelike structures. The developed manufacturing methods and issues will also be reviewed. Benefits of this technology are reduced system weight and structural resonances in high speed systems. Powder damping will also benefit turbine engine blades and exhaust ducts, aircraft structures, and space based platforms. Damping treatments for machine tools and large towers are also possible. |
| NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP.
2620 Trade Center Avenue Longmont, CO 80503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 702-1672
Stephanie Hooker BMDO 00-012 |
| Title: | Low-Power Flextensional Piezoelectrics |
| Abstract: | This proposal seeks to overcome one of the fundamental limitations associated with flextensional piezoelectric actuators. These unique components offer very high physical displacement due to the presence of internal stresses accomplished during manufacture. However, high voltages are required to achieve these displacements, often precluding their use in aerospace systems. This work will produce high-displacement actuators that can operate efficiently at 50V or less, for application in satellite, aircraft, and commercial systems. The proposed devices will reduce the voltage required to operate flextensional actuators from 400V or more to 50V or less. Power consumed will also be significantly reduced. Applications in smart structures for spacecraft and aircraft, diesel engines, and industrial manufacturing equipment exist |
| NANOSONIC, INC.
P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-1785
Kristie Cooper BMDO 00-012 |
| Title: | Electrostatic Self-Assembly Fabrication of Structural Control Actuators |
| Abstract: | The objective of the proposed BMDO SBIR program is to demonstrate the feasibility of electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) processes for the integration of multiple functionalities into nanostructured organic/inorganic thin film actuator materials for spacecraft structural control. The ESA process consists of alternately adsorbing cationic and anionic molecules, nanoclusters, fullerenes, nanorods and other materials, onto substrates at room temperature and pressure, to build up multilayer material structures. Electromechanical actuation, semiconductor junction-based signal processing, thermal transport, optical switching and modulation, and other functionalities may be achieved, combined and spatially-graded throughout the material, and at its surface, by proper selection of the material species adsorbed into each monolayer, and the sequence of the monolayers used to form the total nanocomposite. NanoSonic has demonstrated piezoelectric and electrostrictive behavior, light emission and detection, ultrahigh electrical conductivity and other properties, in thin films of such self-assembled materials. During the Phase I program, NanoSonic will demonstrate the ESA synthesis of conformal, self-assembled piezoelectric thin film actuator devices with conducting electrodes and external packaging, in cooperation with a major U.S. manufacturer of polymer-based actuator materials and devices. This will lead to the cooperative Phase II development and Phase III commercialization of self-assembled sensor, actuator and other materials and devices. Multifunctional thin film materials and devices based on self-assembly methods have applications as sensors, actuators and MEMS devices, in thermal control, as atomic oxygen degradation mitigating coatings for space structures, in active optical and electronic devices, and other areas. The Phase I program focuses specifically on fabricating piezoelectric thin film actuator materials for space system structural control using ESA processing. |
| SPACEWORKS, INC.
7937 E. Cave Creek Road P.O. Box 2014 Carefree, AZ 85377 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 575-1676
John DiPalma BMDO 00-012 |
| Title: | Compression Molding Multi-Functional Structure |
| Abstract: | The use of advanced composites has allowed space systems designers to exploit the inherent advantages of these materials, including lower mass and dimensionally stable structures. However, the manufacturing processes employed in most space applications have not progressed beyond traditional techniques. These processes limit part design to simple geometric shapes and flat or smoothly curved surfaces. In contrast, the automobile industry has utilized the Compression Molding process to achieve rapid, semi-automated fabrication of high performance, complex composite parts. We propose to take advantage of these developments and design, fabricate, and validate a representative, multi-functional spacecraft part that includes integrated thermal features and cabling using Compression Molding. The process can be adapted to these functions by incorporating thermally conductive fibers and co-molding electrical conductors into the finished part. The goals of the proposed investigation are: 1) fabrication of a representative spacecraft part using Compression Molding; 2) incorporation of conductive fibers to tailor thermal conduction paths; and 3) integration of cabling to examine the potential for a "cable-free" spacecraft. Based on the results of the phase I investigation, we expect to propose the design, fabrication, and qualification of a full-scale, flight quality, multi-functional spacecraft structure for phase II. By applying the latest techniques in composite fabrication to space and missile systems, we expect to: 1) reduce the total cost of spacecraft structure fabrication by more than 30%; 2) reduce structure mass by as much as by 20%; and 3) incorporate multi-functional elements into the structure to reduce labor and complexity associated with the design, integration, and assembly of other subsystems. We believe that these advancement in producing multi-functional spacecraft structure will accelerate the deployment of the low-cost, quick turnaround multi-spacecraft constellations that are currently being conceived. |
| ACELLENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
562 Weddell Drive, Suite 4 Sunnyvale, CA 94089 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 745-1188
Amrita Kumar BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Development of Intelligent Composites using Integrated SMART Layer Technology |
| Abstract: | Acellent Technologies, Inc. proposes to build an innovative and cost-effective structural health monitoring system which upon integration would render composite structures "intelligent" by virtue of its ability to monitor in real-time: a) alterations in external loads and stresses; b) location and extent of damage; c) integrity of the structure for residual life estimation and d) cure process during manufacturing. Additionally, this system will find application in quality control of large scale structures during mass production and in telemetric tracking of material data from individual components of a unified composite structure. This system will utilize Acellent's SMART layer technology, based on a built-in network of sensors and actuators embedded on a thin dielectric carrier film, to query, monitor and evaluate the condition of a structure. The proposed system will automatically instruct actuators to generate pre-selected diagnostic signals and transmit them to neighboring sensors whose response will then be interpreted in terms of damage location and size or material property changes within the structure. The monitoring layer can either be surface-mounted or integrated into the structure itself during fabrication. Sensory data from the monitoring layer obtained remotely via telemetry during service or manufacturing will be interpreted and processed by a multifunctional portable computer system running diagnostic software. Upon completion of the development of the proposed system, many industries such as aerospace, automotive, civil & military infrastructures, could benefit substantially from the product which will provide the following advantages: real-time structural monitoring; improvement of reliability; reduction of maintenance cost; reduction of downtime and improvement of readiness for service. |
| COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, INC.
1505 Coal Creek Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 664-0394
Fred Beavers BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Deployable Antenna Hinge |
| Abstract: | CTD proposes to develop and demonstrate a hinge for deployable spacecraft antennas using Elastic Memory Composite (EMC) material. The Phase I program will focus on the design, analysis, fabricability and stowage/deployment behavior of the EMC hinge. The effects of hinge materials and design parameters will be evaluated. A prototype hinge article for a representative spacecraft deployable antenna application will be designed, fabricated and tested to demonstrate stowage and deployment. Development of an improved hinge for deployable spacecraft antennas and similar components will enable the development of small satellites with large deployable antennas. The materials and designs developed in the proposed effort will be applicable to future military and commercial satellites, and have broad commercial potential. |
| ELTRON RESEARCH, INC.
4600 Nautilus Court South Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-0263
Pamela Calcar BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | In-Situ VLS Titanium Carbide Whisker Growth in Aluminum Oxide |
| Abstract: | This proposed program will develop methods for in situ titanium carbide whisker growth in preformed ceramic green bodies. Whisker growth will be done by VLS methods with the activating metal catalyst is dispersed onto carbon particle substrates. The carbon particles will be mixed in with the alumina ceramic powder and formed into shape. Subjecting the preformed part to appropriate gaseous atmospheres will produce TiC whiskers within the green body prior to sintering. In situ production of refractory whiskers within ceramic matrices will make the composites more commercially viable by removing the health risks and decreasing the costs associated with whisker fabrication. The methods proposed here would be applicable to many reinforced ceramic composite materials. Success of this program could lead to continuous production methods for making whisker reinforced ceramic structural materials. |
| MATERIALS SCIENCES CORP.
500 Office Center Drive Suite 250 Fort Washington, PA 19034 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-8400
Anthony Caiazzo BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Design and Manufacture of Lower Cost Composite Structures for Launch Vehicles (MSC P0B38-011) |
| Abstract: | The opportunity presented in this proposal is to develop and demonstrate innovative damping treatments for noise isolation and vibration control that are integral with launch vehicle fairings, and hence do not add significant weight to the vehicle system. The emphasis of the proposed research program is on development of new structural configurations and lower cost manufacturing techniques for our innovative approach for producing high levels of material damping in composite structures. Design concepts for stiffened plate and shell structures will be developed. An unstiffened flat panel will be fabricated and tested to validate vibro-acoustic performance predictions. Because we have data from previous research to show that our damping concepts out-perform traditional constrained layer treatments, there is a high probability that we will be successful in reducing vibration levels in launch vehicle components using this lower cost technology. Launch vehicles have significant vibration levels induced by the propulsion engines and boundary layer turbulence. These vibration levels limit the performance and reliability of on-board hardware. Launch vehicle manufacturers are actively seeking innovative solutions. The damping treatment proposed here will meet these companies' performance requirements. Targeted applications include payload fairings and equipment mounting brackets. Other applications include those in industry and commercial sectors where vibration is problematic and the high performance of advanced materials is required. |
| MICROCOATING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3901 Green Industrial Way Chamblee, GA 30341 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(678) 287-2417
Subu Shanmugham BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Low-Cost, Repairable Oxidation Resistant Coatings for Carbon-Carbon Composites via CCVD |
| Abstract: | C-C composites are desired for use at temperatures up to 2000C in oxidizing environments for military and civilian applications. However, they are vulnerable to oxidation above 400C. Past efforts have developed single and multilayer coating systems for C-C composites to improve oxidation resistance. Even the successful coating architectures are yet to demonstrate reliable performance and repair capability in oxidizing environments at low cost. MCT proposes to use the Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition(CCVD) process for depositing coatings to protect C-C composites. The key advantage of the CCVD technology is its ability to deposit thin films in open atmosphere using inexpensive precursor chemicals, obviating the need for costly furnaces, vacuum equipment, and reaction chambers. This Phase I effort will deposit at least twenty different coatings comprised of metals, oxides, or carbides or their combinations on C-C composites. Morphology, microstructure and composition of these CCVD coatings will be characterized before and after isothermal and cyclic oxidation testing at temperatures up to 1500C. This research will demonstrate at least 100% increase in oxidation resistance or lifetimes of these composites over uncoated samples. The promising results will be sent to AirForce or industrial customers for evaluation and feedback. In Phase II, MCT will work with commercial partners and DOD to coat components for civilian and military applications. The ceramics composite market is estimated to be between $700 million and $1.4 billion by 2005. However, the mechanical integrity issues of ceramic composites have been their limiting factor. If successful oxidation resistant interfaces or coatings are developed, it will pave the path for lighter, tougher, and more oxidation resistant composite materials for use at elevated temperatures in applications such as heat exchangers, power generation, future generation missile systems, automotive, and aerospace. CCVD process could be the enabling low-cost, high throughput technology for enhancing the performance of C-C composites for military and civilian applications. |
| MORGAN RESEARCH CORP.
2707 Artie Street Suite 17 Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 533-3233
Michael Kranz BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Embedded Microinstrumentation for Health Monitoring of Composite Structures |
| Abstract: | The scope of this effort encompasses designs for structural health monitoring using interferometric techniques previously discounted due to high instrumentation costs. A method is proposed that will develop handheld inexpensive instrumentation for interrogating interferometric fiber sensors. The method will employ advanced MEMS design and fabrication processes, and apply them to fiber sensing techniques. Applications for this type of instrumentation include health monitoring of: buildings/bridges, space-based platforms, stored military assets, and re-usable launch vehicles. |
| NANOPAC TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
35 Hutchinson Road Allentown, NJ 08501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 445-2330
James Colaizzi BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Development of Ceramic Nano-nano-composites for High Performance Applications |
| Abstract: | The proposed project will merge two recent breakthroughs in nanomaterials research to develop ceramic composites with an extraordinarily fine scale, uniform structure to produce a new generation of materials for use in high performance applications. By combining Rapid Solidification Processing (RSP) of metastable ceramic powders and Transformation Assisted Consolidation (TAC) of powder compacts, we will be able to produce bulk samples that are fully dense and still retain the nanoscale grain size. More importantly, the composite will consist of a homogeneous network of two ceramic phases, each of which retards the grain coarsening of the other and provides mechanical reinforcement. The result will be a material that combines the advantages of composite structures with those of nanomaterials. Our previous research has shown that such materials have extraordinarily high wear resistance, low friction, high strength, and high toughness. In addition, we expect the materials to have a very high thermal shock resistance and to be transparent. Our goal in the project will be to scale up the technologies developed to date and to produce nano-nano-composites that are useful for high performance applications in harsh environments. These components will have properties that are far superior to conventional ceramics and composites whose grain sizes have the usual micrometer dimensions. There are many potential applications for these types of materials in both the military and civilian sectors. Examples are plungers, shaft seals, optically flat components, heat resistant and tough components, optically transparent and erosion resistant ceramics, optical sensors in gas turbine engines, and optical sensors in power plants. |
| SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY, INC.
15 WARD STREET SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 547-1122
CATHERINE BYRNE BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | NON-AUTOCLAVE MATERIALS FOR LARGE COMPOSITE STRUCTURES |
| Abstract: | Launch vehicles for the Space Based Infrared System will include Titan Launch vehicles and the Air Force Space Operations Vehicle(SOV). Composite structures on the SOV (the military version of NASA's Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) will be too large to cure inside existing autoclaves. Electron Beam processing is one of the most promising approaches for out-of-autoclave composite curing and bonding. Recent technology demonstration programs have shown potential cost savings and the ability to make large parts using EB curing at low temperature. However, additional development of EB-cured materials is required to meet RLV and SOV mechanical and thermal design specifications. Science Research Laboratory will work with the University of Dayton Research Institute to fabricate EB cured composites and to test the properties of these composites over a wide range of temperatures from 250øF to -423øF. These materials promise to meet or exceed the properties of Cytec Fiberite 977-2 (baseline for RLV cryotank composites) and to exceed the properties of the EB curable cationic epoxy currently used in the Lockheed Martin EB program. Electron beam curing and electron beam curable composites, adhesives and coatings have applications as reduced cost materials and processes for fabrication of large and small commercial and military aircraft structures, reusable launch vehicles, space operations vehicles, helicopters, cryotanks for liquid propellants, ground vehicle structures for military and civilian applications, in the fabrication of commercial automobiles and in the fabrication of composite shelters for military and humanitarian use. The total market is estimated to be at least $20M over the next five years. |
| SENSORTEX
515 Schoolhouse Road Kennett Square, PA 19348 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(610) 444-2383
William Biter BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Structural Monitoring Via Embedded Magnetic Wires |
| Abstract: | Stress monitoring in composite materials is difficult but useful for testing to compare measurements with modeling and to monitor flexing and vibration under load. There are only a limited number of methods to measure strain that are suitable to be embedded in a composite material and all either expensive or complex. This proposal is for a new and novel strain sensor. It uses a small diameter wire coated with a magnetic film. The magnetic film dominates the impedance of the wire and is strain sensitive. The wire is very cheap to manufacture and the readout electronics simple so that overall system cost is low with a potential cost advantage over fiber optic sensors of a factor of 100. This proposal introduces a new technology with potentially wide applications. The ability to plate controlled magnetic films on small diameter wires opens multiple applications. The wire can be used to obtain curing information of a composite in addition to information on external strain. Since the system can be used in a modified array structure, the strain at different points can be measured versus time, giving information on the vibration of the structure, including modal analysis. This proposal addresses one specific application of a new technology, a wire sensor for embedding in composites to monitor internal strain, both initially and as the composite ages. Such sensors can be used to monitor the health of advanced composites used for airframes and space applications, as well as more conventional structures such as buildings, bridges, etc. Additional applications, including shielding and power filtering, are possible with a slightly different configuration of the wire. |
| SYSCOM TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2880 Wynneleaf Street Hilliard, OH 43026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 850-7314
Jar-Wha Lee BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Preparation of Multifunctional Metal/Polymer NanoComposite Fiber |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I Program will test a solution processing scheme for fabricating a multifunctional Metal/Polymer NanoComposite (MPNC) fiber from a class of rigid-chain lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers. The functionality is introduced by incorporation of a metal precursors that can be blended in with the polymer host and then converted in-situ, templating the morphology of the polymer fiber matrix and form a continuous metal network in the polymer host. The proposed processing scheme can be readily incorporated into the commercial production of many high-performance polymer fibers. The host polymers include rigid-rod polymers such as poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO), poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBZT) and extended-chain polymers such as poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA). These high performance polymers exhibit exceptional mechanical tensile strengths of 400-800 Ksi and Young's moduli of 25-50 Msi, and thermal degradation temperature up to approximately 500C. Most importantly, since the metal network is embedded in the polymer matrix, the metal to polymer interface adhesion is dramatically improved via an interlocking mechanism. In contrast, the commercially available metallized fiber suffers from potential fatigue or delamination in thermal or mechanical cycles owing to the metals being coated only on the surface of the polymer fiber. These light-weight conductive high performance Metal/Polymer NanoComposite (MPNC) fibers will have tremendous potential for the near term applications such as signal and power transfer and electromagnetic shielding (EMI). The replacement of metal signal wires in existing aircraft and satellites with the MPNC fibers will result in substantial weight-savings which will lead to enhanced system performance. |
| TAL MATERIALS, INC.
1375 Folkstone Ct. Ann Arbor, MI 48105 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 647-7647
Sai Kumar BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Lightweight Nanocomposites for Missile Defense Applications |
| Abstract: | Although nanocomposites composed of layered clays and polymers have been made with impressive performance enhancements, their full commercial exploitation has been limited by restrictive processing techniques. The key requirement for nanocomposite formation is dispersion of clay particles at nm length scales in polymer matrices, which is not trivial. Such a molecular-level dispersion necessitates complete exfoliation of clay particles, which occurs sporadically with the fabrication procedures currently in use. We propose to use stagnation flow (S-flow) of clay dispersions in an opposed-nozzle device, generating adequate extensional forces to exfoliate smectite clays. We propose to fabricate nanocomposites based on Nylon 6, Nylon 6,6 and polyester resins with montmorillonite as the clay filler using a two-step process: the clay/prepolymer mixture is first subjected to S-flow to cause exfoliation, which is then polymerized to advance the resin molecular weight to desired levels. The primary objective of this proposal is to identify the S-flow process conditions to cause efficient clay exfoliation, which in turn produces nanocomposites with greatly improved modulus, strength and thermal stability. With proof of concept, we propose to extend this work to develop a low-cost, versatile processing technique to produce high modulus, damage-tolerant nanocomposites for missile applications. Polymer-clay nanocomposites possess mechanical properties that set them apart from conventional fiber-reinforced or mineral-filled materials. Property enhancement in nanocomposites occurs at very low clay loadings, < 5 wt%. This means that superior performance can be realized with significant weight savings, which is highly desirable in ballistic missile applications, especially where high stiffness is required in thin-walled sections. Unlike their conventional counterparts, polymer-clay nanocomposites offer superior barrier resistance and flame retardation, both of which are desirable attributes. We have proposed a simple approach to cause efficient clay exfoliation, which is crucial for property enhancement. Our approach calls for a simple, low-cost extension of existing polymerization technologies. We therefore believe that our approach has the potential to revolutionize the polymer composite industry upon successful development and implementation. |
| THE TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIP
8030 Coventry Grosse Ile, MI 48138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 675-8295
David Bettinger BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | FIXED & EXPANSION CONNECTORS FOR COMPOSITE CRYOPIPE |
| Abstract: | The conversion of alloy rocket engine ducts and lines to lighter, polymer composites raises the issues of cost effective joining/assembly for cryogenic operations. Dynamic Polymer Composite (DPC) connectors use the release of circumferential prestress to clamp cylindrical lines, ducts, and valves with forces as strong as the members themselves. For cryogenic piping, DPC connectors eliminate flanges, optimize component prefabrication, simplify assembly, and connect dissimilar materials. By varying the design, an axial expansion joint results that eliminates heavy, expensive alloy bellows. DPC connectors have been validated for airframes under an AF SBIR. These cryogenic connectors are two of seven, patented/proprietary DPC technologies. Together these make flange-less assembly of light-weight composite piping practical and cost effective, current BMDO goals. Using space qualified materials, Phase I will model, fabricate, and evaluate fixed and expansion DPC cryogenic connectors against equivalent flanged and bellows members. Phase II will develop and test prototype rocket engine sections connected by DPCs in a cyclical, cryogenic environment in preparation for Phase III contractor flight testing. A large composite pipe producer is a commercial partner for use in cryogenic process plants and oil/gas fields; $300,000 committed. Eight market segments have a potential of $200 million a year. The EELV has $6.2 billion in orders. |
| THOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
7600 Jefferson NE Suite 9-115 Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 296-3615
Stuart Schwab BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | Rapid, Low-Cost Manufactruing Process for Net Shape Refractory Ceramic Composites |
| Abstract: | Replacing metal missile components, such as nozzles and hot-gas valves in divert and attitude control systems (DACS) with continuous fiber-reinforce ceramic composites (CFCCs) will dramatically enhance the performance of theatre missile defense systems, but no acceptable manufacturing method currently exists for CFCCs. Thor Technologies, Inc. will team with Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), NASA-Glenn Research Center (NASA-GRC) and Aerojet to: i) demonstrate an innovative process for producing net-form CFCCs rapidly and cheaply, ii) manufacture fiber-reinforced silicon carbide test articles, and iii) validate their performance through hot-fire testing in a subscale motor at NASA-GRC. Thor Technologies will use LANL facilities to manufacture CFCCs using an innovative polymer infiltration/microwave pyrolysis (PIMP) process. Aerojet will provide material performance requirements. Prototype nozzles will be tested in NASA-GRC's 25 Lbf subscale motor using H2/O2 propellant. The Principal Investigator has many years of experience with polymer infiltration/pyrolysis processing, and has unique experience in the PIMP processing of CFCCs at LANL. Aerojet is a leading developer of rocket motors for theatre missile defense systems. NASA-GRC has extensive experience in subscale motor tests. Demonstration of low cost CFCCs will allow designers to consider them in baseline system designs, opening large markets for this class of material. The replacement of metal alloys with ceramic composites will enable dramatic reductions in rocket system weight and complexity. In addition to processing fiber-reinforced silicon carbide, the PIMP process can be used to produce a wide range of other ceramics and ceramic composites, many with commercial and consumer applications. The successful completion of this Phase I effort will enable us to begin exploring the use of microwave heating with other materials systems that have large commercial markets. The preparation of CFCCs in this Phase I is a critical milestone in the development of microwave-based material manufacturing processes. |
| UHV TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
113B West Park Drive Mount Laurel, NJ 08054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(856) 608-0311
Bawa Singh BMDO 00-013 |
| Title: | High Strength Carbon Nanotube Composites |
| Abstract: | Carbon nanotubes have not found many commercial applications in spite of intense research effort since their discovery almost a decade ago. This lack of commercial success is due to the un-availability of nanotubes in suitable formats and sufficient quantities. We propose to develop an innovative nanotube manufacturing technology whereby nanotubes are grown on suitable fibers by hot filament PECVD in a continuous manner. The nanotubes grow radially owtwards from the fiber surface forming a hair brush like structure that can be easily handled. This enables deposits of nanotubes to be fabricated at commercially viable high rates onto unique format substrates that are specifically configured for applications such as composites, gas and liquid filtration/separation systems, energy storage and field emission cathodes. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition used in conjunction with metallic catalysts will be the primary growth technique. The resulting nanotubes will be characterized to determine the adhesion, structural and other properties. The feasibility of the proposed concept will be demonstrated in phase I, while a high rate manufacturing system will be constructed during phase II to produce nanotubes on pre-production basis for several applications. The anticipated benefits include low cost manufacturing of high strngth composites for various structural applications. In addition, the core technology can be used for other products such as field emission cathodes, gas/liquid filters and catalysts. |
| ACTIVE SIGNAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
13025 Beaver Dam Road Cockeysville, MD 21030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 547-0293
Keith Bridger BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | ELECTRONIC MATERIALS |
| Abstract: | Employing commercially robust and environmentally sound processing technology, Active Signal Technologies and Alfred University propose to develop a novel bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) ceramic for high temperature capacitors. The dielectric properties of this material will enhance weapon capability by allowing denser packing of electronic components and location of circuits nearer to hot operating elements of the system. Compositionally, we will fine tune the high temperature response and make its dielectric constant uniform across a broad range of temperatures. Lead doped baseline material will be the starting point based on its excellent mechanical integrity and outstanding values of dielectric constant (several thousand, between 50C and 500C). A variety of other dopants will be investigated to replace the lead and/or modify the electrical characteristics of the material. In addition, the material chemistry will be manipulated with a variety of A - and B - site replacement cations which do not compromise the high-temperature properties and at the same time extend them to lower temperature and flatten the dielectric response. In addition, a matrix of additives will be investigated to explore the limits of available material properties and thereby determine how well the ceramic can be tailored for specific applications. Capacitors represent a multibillion dollar established market worldwide. High temperature dielectrics are needed as processors and electronic instrumentation moves closer to the hot stages of automotive / aircraft power plants and other machinery. Specific components include power-filters, inverters, generators, motors and electronic control systems. |
| ALTAIR CENTER, LLC.
1 Chartwell Circle Shrewsbury, MA 01545 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 845-5349
Sergei Krivoshlykov BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Modification of Semiconductors for Bandgap Engineering and Monolithic Integration of Optoelectronic Devices |
| Abstract: | Altair Center proposes to develop a revolutionary new technology for room temperature selective modification of semiconductor materials adjusting bandgap, refractive index and quantum confined properties of the semiconductor structures already after their growth. The selective processing of the semiconductor materials employs a novel process assisted by illumination of the semiconductor with a laser beam at the fundamental absorption wavelength. The process of modification creates nanoclusters (quantum dots) in the semiconductor material dramatically changing its bandgap and electromagnetic properties. The proposed technology can be applied to many semiconductor-based devices. For some semiconductor materials (GaAs, CdS), the process has already demonstrated huge change in the refractive index (as large as 0.8-1). The large index change can be employed for fabrication and monolithic integration of a broad class of active or passive semiconductor-based components using simple direct laser beam writing. In Phase I the proposed technology will be demonstrated and developed in detail. In Phase II a prototype apparatus for processing various semiconductor materials will be fabricated with final product delivered to DoD. In addition to immediate military applications, the proposed technology is an excellent candidate for fabrication of different photonic products in several markets, including: diffractive gratings, computer generated holograms, spatial light modulators, diode lasers, photonic bandgap structures, thin film photovoltaic devices, etc. |
| ALTAIR CENTER, LLC.
1 Chartwell Circle Shrewsbury, MA 01545 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 845-5349
Alexei Vitukhnovsky BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Novel Abiotic Devices Based on Doped Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers |
| Abstract: | ALTAIR Center proposes to develop new dendritic and hyperbranched materials with cascade, tree-like architecture for two complementary abiotic devices: light emitting diodes (LED) and photovoltaic cells (PV cells) having important military and civilian applications. The proposed approach takes advantage of two novel findings in this field: light-harvesting effect and segregation of the emissive core molecules/Ln ions by dedritic shell. Both processes offer a way of enhancing the luminescence by vectorial exciton migration to the core (energy acceptor, reaction center) and preventing selfquenching of the emissive core molecules/Ln ions. We will use specially designed high emissive dendrimers with dye or Eu3+/Tb3+ ions based core providing efficient light harvesting similar to bacteriorhodopsin and other natural photosynthetic systems. In Phase I of the project we will develop novel perfluorinated polyphenylenepolygermane (PPG) and polyphenyl dendritic and hyperbranched polymers doped with specific dye or lantanide ions for application in the abiotic devices. In Phase II the developed technology will be applied to fabrication of a prototype abiotic device for immediate application at DoD - LED based on doped hyperbranched polymers/dendrimers with light-harvesting effect. Polymer light emitting devises have an important niche market including TV and computer displays. In additional to immediate military application as novel LED and light-harvesting systems (artificial photosynthetic antenna, photoconverters, optical data storage devices) the proposed systems will find numerous applications in electronic and medical industry. |
| ALTAIR CENTER, LLC.
1 Chartwell Circle Shrewsbury, MA 01545 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 845-5349
Igor Levitsky BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Porphyrins based luminescence chemical sensors with enhanced sensitivity |
| Abstract: | ALTAIR Center proposes to develop a simple and cost-efficient optical sensor for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC), NOx and SO2 producing strong enhancement/quenching of the emission in presence of these gaseous pollutants. The main principle of signal amplification is based on an antenna effect of the energy transfer/migration among excited chromophores. Specially synthesized highly luminescence compounds (porphyrin based chromophores) will be made specific to different kinds of target molecules. The active layer will be fabricated as a uniform mono- or bichromophore film. Analyte binding to the porphyrins core will form the quenching sites randomly distributed through the films. These luminescence traps quench the luminescence due to energy migration among porphyrins chromophores. The luminescence quenching induced by the antenna effect is much stronger than that for matrix isolated chromophores leading to small and cost-efficient sensors for detection of different pollutants exhibiting an extraordinary high sensitivity. In phase I of the project we will synthesize the receptor chromophores specific to most common gaseous pollutants and demonstrate strong change of the luminescence in presence of the target molecules. In Phase II the developed technology will be allied to fabricating a Prototype chemosensor system. The developed sensors can be immediately applied to monitoring air pollution in places with toxic emissions, hazardous waste sites, different industrial sources releasing volatile chemicals to the atmosphere. Fiber optical sensors will be able to detect remote area without any risk for human activity. In addition to immediate military applications, the sensor system will find many commercial applications in chemical and biotechnology industry for real-time monitoring gas mixture in technological processes. |
| APPLIED CERAMICS RESEARCH CO.
1420 Owl Ridge Dr. Colorado Springs, CO 80919 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 948-2109
Lee Kammerdiner BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | A Superior High Dielectric Constant Capacitor with Nickel Electrodes for Use in Integrated Circuits |
| Abstract: | High dielectric constant materials are increasingly important for pushing the state of the art in semiconductor integrated circuits. They are necessary in applications that require high capacitance values per lateral area. One example technology currently under development uses Barium Strontium Titanate BST), planned for use in DRAM's. Although the dielectric constants are considerable, one disadvantage is the need for plantinum electrodes. Another example occurs in Radio Frequency Identification Chips that require high capacitance to store charge. Frequently these use separate discrete devices which are undesirable in regard to cost and yield. The device proposed here has potentially higher dielectric constants than BST and can be used with nickel instead of platinum electrodes. DRAM's represent by far the largest integrated circuit market at this time. As this industry moves to the 256 Mb level high dielectric constant materials will be necessary. The device proposed here can satisfy that need. The device also provides advantages of cost and complexity in any integrated circuit application requiring high capacitance such as in RFID chips |
| ASTRALUX, INC.
2500 Central Ave. Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 413-1440
John Torvik BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Low-cost hybrid SiC wafers for optoelectronic and electronic device applications |
| Abstract: | In this proposal, researchers at Astralux, Inc. in collaboration with the University of Colorado at Boulder propose to fabricate low-cost SiC wafers. Specifically, the goal is to commercialize low-cost semi-insulating SiC wafers for the emerging wide bandgap microwave device market and SiC wafers of different conductivity types for applications such as SiC growth or III-V nitride optoelectronics. The targeted price per SiC wafer is 10 times less than the current price of commercially available SiC wafers. We propose to use a three-step process to create hybrid and low-cost SiC wafers on a substrate of choice tailored for the end-users' application. Low-cost hybrid SiC substrates will greatly benefit the III-V nitride optoelectronic market and the emerging high-power microwave device market. Specifically, such substrates will provide the mechanical and structural support for a wide variety of devices including blue, green, and white light emitting diodes, blue and ultraviolet diode lasers, high-frequency and high-power transistors, cold cathode emitters, and visible-blind detectors, all of which have military and commercial applications. The total market for such devices is expected to reach $3 billion by 2006, and the majority of these devices could be fabricated on SiC substrates. |
| BAND GAP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
800 N. Lucas St. Apt. U7 West Columbia, SC 29169 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(803) 794-3125
Yuri Khlebnikov BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Silicon Carbide Bulk Crystal Growth at High Growth Rates |
| Abstract: | This Phase I program is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of a novel rapid growth rate technique for bulk silicon carbide (SiC) single crystal growth. The growth rate is expected to be approximately 3 times higher (3 mm/hr) than that of present conventional methods using the sublimation growth method. This technique has the potential to yield low cost, high quality bulk crystals greater than 100mm in diameter having polytype homogeneity, uniform distribution of dopant concentration, low micropipe density (< 30/cm^2), and low dislocation density (<10^4/cm^2). The boules grown using the proposed technique will be sliced into wafers, polished, and the material will be characterized for its structural and electrical properties. The main advantages of the proposed rapid growth rate method are: uniformity of material properties (doping concentration, defect density, etc.) across the wafer area, lower density of structural and crystallographic defects, high efficiency of conversion of the source material into the grown boule, high yield of wafers having the same properties, and good yield of high performance devices fabricated on a SiC wafer. Most importantly, the lower cost of superior quality SiC wafers will be an impetus to more rapid commercialization of SiC based devices. Silicon carbide boules with homogeneous material properties grown at high growth rates will result in a considerably higher yield of wafers that are significantly lower in cost but which also possess material properties that are uniform across the entire diameter of a wafer. These properties are highly desirable for the fabrication and commercial acceptance of SiC based power electronic and microwave devices. Therefore, a successful program in low cost, high quality SiC bulk crystal growth has a high potential for yielding a commercial product for Band Gap Technologies, Inc (BGT). |
| BAND GAP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
800 N. Lucas St. Apt. U7 West Columbia, SC 29169 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(803) 794-3125
Yuri Khlebnikov BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | A Novel Approach for the Growth of Low Defect Density, Semi-Insulating Silicon Carbide |
| Abstract: | This Phase I effort represents a radically new approach for the synthesis of high purity SiC source material that can solve many of the problems inherent to the boule growth of semi-insulating (SI) silicon carbide (SiC) using the conventional compensation method. The program is aimed at conducting process development and testing to show proof of concept of a novel synthesis technique that will produce very high purity SiC source material. We will also demonstrate that the high purity SiC source material can be produced with high yields and hence low costs. Characterization will be performed on the source material, to demonstrate that it is pure, free of metallic impurities. The high purity SiC source material produced by this technique is conducive to the growth of semi-insulating SiC boules ( >10^8 ohm-cm) with low density of crystallographic defects and with material characteristics (resistivity, defect density) that are uniform across the boule volume. Hence the resulting SI SiC wafers are expected to significantly increase device yield. In Phase II, we will demonstrate the growth of SI SiC boules >50mm in diameter of superior quality, having low density of crystallographic defects and variation in material characteristics <10% across the volume of the boule. With the proposed approach, three specific advantages are anticipated: (a) the high yield of the synthesis process is expected to result in low cost of the pure source material, (b) the high purity source material will produce boules whose characteristics are uniform over its volume ( <10% variation in resistivity and defect density), (c) high wafer yield and reduced cost of SI SiC wafers, which stimulates the widespread commercialization of the material for microwave and RF system applications. |
| BELFORD RESEARCH, INC.
100 Marshland Road Hilton Head Islan, SC 29926 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(843) 681-9353
Rona Belford BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Enhanced Silicon for Higher Performance Integrated Circuits |
| Abstract: | The research proposed here aims to develop a simple method to substantially improve silicon integrated circuits (ICs), at both device and system level, by the mechanical application of tensile strain. At present, high performance at device level, is achieved by introducing bi-axial tensile strain into the silicon by pseudomorphically growing Si on top of Si/Ge. Devices created in these strained-Si heterostructures have not been integrated even to the extent of fabricating the simplest CMOS circuits. In our case circuit integration is achieved prior to applying the strain and is therefore not a problem. Our method can be applied to virtually any IC. It is inexpensive to research and to implement. Both uni-axial and bi-axial tensile strain is possible, uni-axial strain can give better results than bi-axial strain at substantially reduced strain levels. The level of applied strain can easily be varied. The benefits are many and range from increasing the performance of existing integrated circuits, while lowering their energy consumption, to increasing the ultimate limits of miniaturization for future devices. The impact of the expected improvement in the basic properties of silicon would substantially improve the operating characteristics of existing sub-micron MOSFETs, and extend the ultimate limit of IC miniaturization by the equivalent of about two generations in the history of microelectronics. Increasing the conductivity/mobility causes a consequential and proportionate improvement in the speed of a device, whether it be a bipolar transistor or a MOSFET. With decreasing MOSFET dimensions in ICs, device and system performance is degraded by more subtle effects. These effects directly diminish with increased conductivity and/or mobility. Increasing the carrier mobility of silicon is therefore especially significant in the future development of ICs. Strain also causes a decrease in the band gap. In the case of Si on Si/Ge alloys, it can be reduced from 1.1 eV to 0.95 - 0.8 eV, i.e. bringing the band gap into the near-IR (1.3 - 1.55æm) which is of importance in opto-electronics. Achieving the same effect by simple mechanical means, offers the opportunity of developing silicon opto-electronic devices for applications in the near-IR. |
| BOSTON NITRIDE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
20 Taylor St. Littleton, MA 01460 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 353-1910
E.Fred Schubert BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Novel Low Resistance Ohmic Contact Technology for High-Power GaN Devices |
| Abstract: | Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, namely SiC and GaN, have been considered ideal materials for high power microwave devices since they were first studied over 30 years ago. Among all GaN related technologies, p-type doping of GaN, and low resistivity ohmic contacts to p-GaN are the least mature ones. At the same times, virtually all characteristics of electronic semiconductor devices depend on the ohmic contact resistance including: the wall-plug efficiency, heating of the device, reliability, noise figures of merit, ft , fmax , power added efficiency (PAE), and maximum power. Therefore, the development of low resistivity contacts to GaN, and in particular to p-GaN, has an enormous commercial potential, by virtue of the involvement of all major application areas of GaN-based devices such as high-power electronics, wireless communications and photonics. The major technical objective of Phase I is the demonstration of a new class of low-resistance ohmic contacts to GaN based semiconductors that exhibit internal electric fields due to spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization effects. In addition, the novel contact will be integrated in a test device - namely a high voltage rectifier diode based on an AlGaN/GaN p-n junction. New contact technology can find its application in BJTs and HBTs for high power electronics, LEDs and laser diodes for optical storage devices. |
| CERAMARE CORP.
12-D Jules Lane New Brunswick, NJ 08901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 937-8261
Robert Uhrin BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | A New Method for Growing Single Crystal ZnO at T < or = 100øC |
| Abstract: | Not only has single crystal ZnO emerged as a viable prospect for use as a substrate for GaN deposition but it is a more promising candidate than GaN for blue light emitting diodes. ZnO is potentially superior to GaN because it has a higher exciton binding energy, is more beam damage tolerant and crystals can be grown by a variety of methods (hydrothermal, melt, CVD). Thermodynamic modeling is a suitable tool for predicting conditions for low-temperature phase-pure growth of ZnO crystals. Preliminary calculations have led us to believe that ZnO crystal growth in a hydrothermal medium is possible under ultra-mild conditions (T < or = 100øC, P=1atm). Our Phase I program will demonstrate a new process for achieving ZnO crystal growth in hydrothermal solution without the need for a pressure confinement vessel. The process has the significant advantage of enabling visual monitoring of the crystal as it grows. Results of crystal growth experiments performed under ultra-mild conditions and thermodynamic calculations conducted in the Phase I program will be used to demonstrate p-type ZnO growth by this method in a Phase II program. Currently there is no commercial source of hydrothermally grown ZnO crystals even though hydrothermal conditions for growth of large crystals are known. Hydrothermal growth of ZnO crystals at T < or = 100øC and P = 1atm will reduce production costs by elimination of the need for a pressure containment vessel and by drastically reducing power requirements compared to those incurred with melt growth methods. Further refinement of our thermodynamic model for hydrothermal growth of ZnO will provide guidance for bandgap engineering and for development of p-type growth. Success in this program could make the hydrothermal method the most cost effective and preferred commercial method of growing ZnO crystals. |
| CERMET, INC.
1019 Collier Road Suite C1 Atlanta, GA 30318 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(404) 351-0005
Vicente Munne BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Bulk Growth of Aluminum Nitride |
| Abstract: | The primary goal of this Phase I will be to demonstrate the growth of high quality aluminum nitride single crystals by the physical vapor transport method, using Cermet's novel crystal growth system. This technique will enable the production of high purity aluminum vapor at high rates, which will be reacted with high purity nitrogen to form aluminum nitride. The aluminum nitride reaction product will be seeded on heterogeneous and homogeneous seeds to form ingots of aluminum nitride. A secondary objective of this work will be the development of a wafer finishing process, suitable for epitaxial growth of nitride films. The crystals produced in this work will be characterized using x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The advantages of this crystal growth method are the source containment method, potentially substantial crystal growth rates, and process scalability. The Department of Defense will benefit from this program by providing a significant number of DoD contractors with a source of native substrates for nitride device development. This technology will provide a source for AlN single crystal wafers, which will be used in the fabrication of GaN laser diodes, high power nitride transistors, nitride blue and white light emitting diodes, and nitride photo detectors. |
| CHEMICON, INC.
7301 Penn Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15208 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 241-7335
Matthew Nelson BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | High Throughput Optical Screening of GaN and Related Materials |
| Abstract: | GaN and its alloys lag far behind other semiconductor systems in crystal quality, purity and alloy composition uniformity due in part to a poor understanding of certain basic material properties. The need exists for non-destructive techniques which allow rapid, high throughput screening of material both in the research laboratory and in production environments for the determination of crystal quality, doping levels and uniformity, strain, alloy composition and defect content. The overall technical objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of combining Raman Chemical Imaging Spectroscopy (RCIS) and Photoluminescence Chemical Imaging Spectroscopy (PCIS) into a single instrument. The integrated chemical imaging approach will provide high speed analysis of chemical composition, structural quality, doping levels and uniformity, strain, and structural quality of GaN and related semiconductor materials by extending existing chemical imaging technology currently optimized for visible wavelength operation into the UV. GaN is already achieving a certain level of commercialization, primarily blue LEDs and single element UV photodetectors. Increased commercialization, particularly lasers, microwave devices and power electronics, will depend on improved material quality and uniformity. The current complicated growth schemes based on lateral overgrowth lead to non-uniform material with inherently low yield. The proposed chemical imaging system will allow rapid screening of materials early in the process to eliminate unsuitable material and to help in maximizing material usage. This will lower per device cost while enabling fast determination of the effects of process changes, leading to ultimate higher yield. The tool will be particularly useful in enhancing the speed of materials development programs which will increase the pace of the development for this commercially and strategically important semiconductor material for numerous civilian and military applications. Commercial end uses include the communication and display industry, commercial microwave market, power electronics manufacturers and end users, any market using display electronics, markets requiring robust or high temperature, possibly solar blind UV detectors, and LED and laser manufacturers. Military applications include many strategic and battle-field applications including high power microwave devices (such as radar and high bandwidth communication), solar blind, high resolution UV detector arrays, high temperature electronics, blue and UV lasers for communication and information storage/display, and military applications of power electronics. |
| COVA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2860 South Circle Drive Suite 2323 Colorado Springs, CO 80906 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 538-9030
Gregory. Huebner BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | A Novel Ferroelectric Material For Nonvolatile Memory Applications. |
| Abstract: | Interest in ferroelectric technology for Nonvolatile Memory Applications has increased in recent years and first products are now commercially available. Ferroelectric memories offer many advantages over competing technologies, but they still suffer from unresolved problems that have prevented them of becoming mainstream products. One of these issues is to scale the technology to make a high density (>16 Mbit) low cost (small cell size) memory feasible. The most attractive approach to a high density memory is to use a merged cell consisting of only one transistor with a ferroelectric gate dielectric, without a separate storage capacitor; a cell that would be considerably denser than any other semiconductor memory cell. One of the difficulties in realizing such a cell is to find a ferroelectric material that can be deposited directly on silicon without forming an unwanted interfacial layer and that shows good performance, particularly adequate retention time. We believe that we have found such a material and propose to conduct a feasibility study in Phase I, building capacitor structures and characterize them using standard test methods. In Phase II we will build arrays of 1T cells. The results are applicable to commercial NVRAMs (EEPROM, Flash), but can also directly replace DRAMs. Benefits: A novel ferroelectric material will be developed that will make a reliable, low cost , ferroelectric gate transistor in a 1T nonvolatile memory cell feasible. Applications: A ferroelectric memory using the proposed merged 1T cell can be used as a replacement for EEPROM or flash non volatile memories but also as a replacement for DRAMs |
| DENDRITECH, INC.
3110 Schuette Drive Midland, MI 48642 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(517) 832-5555
David Dalman BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | PAMAMOS Copper Nanocomposite Coatings for Advanced Microelectronic Applications |
| Abstract: | Electronics, the world's largest manufacturing industry, is not without its business and technical challenges. The industry must keep up with a relentless pace of technology advances to meet consumer demands. Chemical materials technology for electronics, a $37 billion industry, will enable future advances in IC and packaging technology. This SBIR proposal will test the feasibility of the recently discovered PAMAMOS polymer copper nanocomposites coatings to allow direct metalization of printed wiring boards. If successfully demonstrated, this unique technology could make a significant difference in the technical capability and lower cost of future generations of microelectronic, optoelectronic and magnetic information storage technologies. The opportunities for dual use military and commercial applications for this SBIR program based on PAMAMOS copper nanocomposites are numerous. They include, among others, (a) direct printing of signal traces for ICs and PWBs, (b) integrated passive capacitors, (c) reworkable flip chip underfill, (d) magnetic disk and tape storage, (e) optoelectronic coatings, and (f) low Dk/Df substrates for high frequency digital applications. The value of these unique new materials for electronics applications could realistically be into hundreds of millions of dollars in product and license fees. |
| EMCORE CORP.
394 Elizabeth Avenue Somerset, NJ 08873 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 271-9090
Ian Ferguson BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | 1300 nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers |
| Abstract: | In order to develop high performance, cost effective and manufacturable Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) at 1.3 um, it would be advantageous to use mature VCSEL structures on GaAs substrates along with a more novel active region to reach 1.3 um. It is proposed to develop the Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) growth process for InGaAsN in order to develop a manufacturable 1.3 um VCSEL on GaAs substrates. GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well structures are known to have a large conduction band offset to confine the electrons, which drastically improves the high temperature device performance in comparison with traditional AlGaAs-GaAs and InGaAsP-InP systems. We propose to employ advanced MOCVD rotating disk technology to overcome the difficulties in the growth of GaInNAs epitaxial layers on GaAs, which has primarily been grown by Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy to date. The excellent high temperature properties of the AsN materials will minimize the use of large and heavy thermal coolers for devices allowing the development of new light electronic systems for military and commercial applications. The success of this proposal for GaInNAs-GaAs materials will provide a driving force to replace the current AlGaAs-GaAs and InGaAsP-InP systems for Near InfraRed (NIR) and other device applications. Navy missile systems, as well as other military and space systems, are demanding new advanced Nitride and Asenide combined III-V materials to fabricate new generation electronic devices. New quantum well and vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes, high efficiency solar cells and other functional devices working at high temperature, high frequency and high power are required for the operation, control and communication systems, and will have broad applicability in many, dual use, commercial markets. |
| EPITAXIAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1450 South Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 455-5594
Olaleye Aina BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Novel Long Wavelength VCSELs |
| Abstract: | Epitaxial Technologies proposes to develop a novel material technology for the implementation of long wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). We will achieve this by investigating new material structures that will enable large differential refractive indices as well as low electrical resistances in VCSEL mirrors and by devising epitaxial growth and device fabrication processes to realize VCSEL operation in the 1.3 - 1.5 mm wavelength range. The primary goal of this proposed Phase I effort is to demonstrate the feasibility of new heterojunction combinations using antimony-based semiconductors for highly reflective long wavelength mirrors. By developing techniques for growing and fabricating these heterojunctions with high differential refractive indices that can enable high reflectivity mirrors at long wavelengths, Epitaxial Technologies will project the performance that can be realized from the proposed long wavelength VCSELs . In Phase II, we will further optimize the material structures, design and fabricate long wavelength VCSELs based on the developed technology. This project will result in two types of products: long wavelength VCSELs and the epitaxial wafers for producing them. These products will be applicable in military systems such as advanced electronic warfare systems, combat aircrafts, missiles, intelligent platforms and smart bombs. Commercial applications include transceivers for gigabit ethernet and fibre-channel networking and microphotonic devices for optical computing and optical signal processing. |
| INTEGRATED DATA SYSTEMS
6001 Chatham Center Drive Suite 300 Savannah, GA 31405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(912) 236-4374
Vladimir Gorelik BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Self-assembly of Ge Quantum Wires on bent Si membrane |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop technology for self-assembly of quantum wires on bent single-crystal membranes. The proposed process does not require expensive lithographic or any other pattern transferring techniques. Instead, regularly spaced arrays of quantum wires of a dissimilar material are produced on the strained surface of a single-crystal membrane. For Ge wires on Si substrate a tensile strain is introduced by bending the membrane to a cylindrical surface to produce parallel wires, or around a conical surface to produce an array of diverging from a single point quantum wires. Due to the fact that Ge lattice constant is ~4% greater than that of Si, the unidirectional surface strain creates thermodynamic conditions favorable for Ge nucleation in a shape of quantum wires; as the result of implementing a two-step procedure intersecting arrays of such can be grown. Multiple layers of such structures, separated by host material, can be produced on a single membrane, which creates a new type of superlattice substrate. The technology has potential for expansion into non-semiconductor materials applications A new type of substrate material, namely a silicon wafer with embedded Ge quantum wires will open broad opportunities for the future research and development in both material sciences and in fabrication of advanced devices. Morphological modification of the surface layer on a nanometer scale will benefit the DoD and BMDO applications by creating new opportunities in advanced quantum, optical and electronic devices, bio-electronics and bio-MEMS technologies, controlled assembly of organic and complicated inorganic molecules, DNA and protein classification, etc. Such superlattices will offer opportunities to introduce new types of devices based on 1D and 0D quantum transport properties. In particular single-electron transistors will permit dense memory and logic devices, extremely fast and low power A/D converters can be developed with Q-dots in their core and new optical materials and structures, based on band-gap engineering approaches, can also be envisioned. |
| MULTIPLEX, INC.
115 Corporate Blvd South Plainfield, NJ 07080 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(908) 757-8817
Won Tsang BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | ELECTRONIC MATERIALS |
| Abstract: | The fabrication, characterization, packaging and commercialization of optoelectronically integrated lasers and modulators are proposed. These sources are important for a wide range of applications including wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical fiber transmission, all optical networks, free space communication, and, sensing systems. A multisection tunable single wavelength laser with curved waveguide would be designed , fabricated and integrated with an electroabsorption modulator. We propose (i) to carry out a systematic analysis and experimental demonstration of selective area growth process for various device integration schemes ; to design and develop tunable lasers in Phase I ; to design and fabricate integrated electroabsorption modulator and tunable laser device in Phase I, ; (ii) to carry out further design and development, packaging and commercialization of these devices in Phase II. Tunable laser technology has a wide range of applications including telecommunication systems, RF photonics systems, cable TV systems and sensor systems. These systems would benefit significantly if tunable lasers and integrated tunable laser and electroabsorption modulator with low cost are commercially available. |
| NANOSONIC, INC.
P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-1785
Kristie Cooper BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Electrostatic Self-Assembly Processes for Synthesis of Electro-Optic Materials and Photonic Crystal Devices |
| Abstract: | The proposed BMDO SBIR program would develop new polymer-based electro-optic materials and device structures for use in high-speed optical communication systems. NanoSonic Inc. would work with two research universities, and a major company involved in the development of electro-optic device products. During Phase I, this team would design and synthesize nanorod precursors, form these precursors into electro-optic materials and photonic crystal structures by modified electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) processing, and evaluate the electro-optic coefficients, waveguide loss, environmental stability and other properties. The ESA process consists of the alternate adsorption of oppositely charged molecules onto substrates to form multilayered films. Prior NanoSonic research has demonstrated that the ESA processing of appropriate molecules leads to the formation of noncentrosymmetric materials without the need for electric field poling. The proposed new and separate work would approach ESA synthesis using a different strategy, involving a different molecular design approach intended to yield larger electro-optic coefficients while retaining other desired properties. Further, the proposed photonic crystal device structures will allow controlled optical propagation as well as high-speed switching, modulation and other important functionalities. Extensive facilities for the design, processing and evaluation of molecular precursors, ESA thin films and devices are available to support this program. Polymer-based electro-optic materials have important applications in high speed optical communication devices and systems for military and commercial use. The ESA process is a potentially useful manufacturing tool for the fabrication of such devices, as well as a wider range of nanostructured organic/inorganic materials and device products. |
| NITRES, INC.
5655 Lindero Canyon Road Suite 404 Westlake Village, CA 91362 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 967-9433
Yifeng Wu BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Packaging High Power Internally Matched AlGaN-GaN HEMTs |
| Abstract: | Nitride based wide bandgap semiconductors have resulted in power densities close to 10 W/mm at X-band for realization of high power, high frequency transistors. This is due to the combination of the wide-band gap and hetero-structure in the AlGaN/GaN system, where high voltage, high current and low on-resistance can be simultaneously achieved, resulting in high power-high efficiency operation. Hence, for similar output power, a 10-x reduction in device periphery can be realized using Nitride-based devices in place of conventional GaAs/InP based technology. This will result in reduced circuit complexity, improved gain, efficiency, yield and reliability. However, since the power can reach a much higher level than conventional transistors, packaging issues need to be addressed to assure efficient power transmission and heat dissipation. Nitres Inc. AlGaN-GaN HEMT devices and circuits have reached a stage where they are ready for insertion into package and subsequent testing. In this program, Nitres Inc. proposes to develop a reliable high power AlGaN-GaN HEMT based microwave device and circuit packaging technology, with efficient electrical transmission characteristics and thermal management. The goal of the phase I shall be to evaluate commercially available packages for Nitres Flip-Chip Devices, develop Internally Matched AlGaN-GaN HEMTs, package and test Internally Matched HEMTs. C, X band operation with output power levels of ~10-20 W shall be targeted. A more intense effort in phase II will seek to include Ku, K band operation, address input-output matching requirements, increase output power levels and address packaging of ICs. Both phase I and phase II efforts shall directly focus on advancing the AlGaN-GaN HEMT technology from R&D/Prototyping to Product. AlGaN-GaN HEMT based devices and circuits are envisioned to improve the power amplifier performance for military and commercial applications. The former include Phased array radars, Space based electronics. The latter include Base Stations, Satellite Communications, LMDS, Wireless LANs, Digital Radio, Automobile Sensors/collision avoidance systems. Furthermore, robust operation in harsh environments such as high temperature and radiation could also be realized. |
| PEREGRINE SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
6175 Nancy Ridge Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 646-8880
Ron Reedy BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Silicon-on-Sapphire Radiation Hard EEPROM Cell |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate and characterize the radiation performance of a new EEPROM cell fabricated in Ultra Thin Silicon, UTSi. Peregrine Semiconductor Corp. has invented and patented a novel non-volatile memory cell. The cell has been shown to be fully functional but has not been fully characterized or tested for use in military, radiation or high temperature environments. The cell will be characterized for data retention, write cycle endurance, radiation response, write and read times and temperature response. The cell is fabricated without any additional processing or masking steps, making it appropriate for embedding in virtually any integrated circuit. The impact of this work will be far-reaching, especially military and satellite systems, for which embedded non-volatile memory in a radiation hard process has not been available. Potential applications include digital, mixed signal and RF IC's, stand-alone memory chips and field programmable gate arrays. The use of non-volatile memory in radiation environments has not been widespread due to issues discussed above. Once a complete characterization of the core cell is completed, a follow-on project will be proposed to demonstrate a complete 64k EEPROM block, including on-chip charge pumps, integrated sense amps and all other circuitry necessary to enable on-orbit read and write functions. That Phase II SBIR proposal will be based on the data from this Phase I and demonstrate the capability to make large (>1M) EEPROM/flash and embedded EEPROM. Once the Phase II SBIR is completed, the EEPROM will be incorporated directly into Peregrine's core product offerings for satellite customers, both commercial and military. If the cell show's promise for non radiation hard markets (such as integration with RFIC's) it will be included in those products as well. |
| RADIANT RESEARCH, INC.
3006 Longhorn Blvd, Suite 105 Austin, TX 78758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 339-0500
Suning Tang BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Optical Superprisms Based on Photonic Bandgap Structures in Block Copolymers. |
| Abstract: | Photonic crystals are artificial structures that have periodic structures with high index contrast, and promise to control photons in the same way that conventional crystal in solids control electrons. It has been realized that the lack of fabrication technology and the lack of materials significantly slow down the technology advancement in this area. In this Phase I program, Radiant Research, Inc. proposes an innovative optical superprism based on self-assembled photonic bandgap block copolymers. Such a superprism has the dispersion of light 100-1,000 times stronger than the dispersion in conventional prisms. The physics behind this superprism concept will open a novel field called photonic dispersion optics. The application of superprisms can create the next generation of integrated micro-scale lightwave circuits (micro-LC's). The proposed self-assembled photonic bandgap block copolymers provide us a new solution for fabrication of photonic materials. The large number of block compositions and block arrangements, leading to a wealth of periodic morphologies, provide a unique material template for novel and innovative photonic bandgap structures. We will deliver an optical superprism made of photonic bandgap copolymers, with dispersion of light 1,000 times stronger than the dispersion in conventional prisms, by the end of Phase I program for concept demonstration. The proposed optical superprism concept will open a novel field of photonic dispersion optics. The application of superprisms can create the next generation of integrated micro-scale lightwave circuits (micro-LC's). Such micro-LC's will allow more efficient use of wavelength resources when used in the wavelength multiplexers/demultiplexers for fiber optic transmission systems. |
| RADIANT RESEARCH, INC.
3006 Longhorn Blvd, Suite 105 Austin, TX 78758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 339-0500
Jeffery Maki BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Semiconductor Device for Steering Blue-Green High-Power Laser Beams |
| Abstract: | Proposed is a new beam deflector device based on electro-optic prisms formed in a semiconductor planar waveguide for the fast steering of a blue-green diode-laser source. Employment of prism-shaped regions within a Schottky-barrier thin layer allows the electro-optic effect to be driven at a much reduced voltage level than required by any previous electro-optic beam deflector. More than thirty resolvable spots will be achievable; and, therefore, it is possible to multiplex angularly in the same volume equivalent numbers of page-oriented data in a holographic memory system. Furthermore, semiconductor-material systems exist for which the electro-optic effect occurs at the desirable blue-green wavelengths down to 480 nm. The proposed device will improve upon the deflection performance of existing beam deflectors, have a simplified device configuration, and have no moving components. Holographic optical memory systems will immediately benefit from the proposed beam deflector. These memory systems, whether using currently developed or anticipated material systems, all face obstacles in the area of dynamic control of the optical waves required to record and read the typically two-dimensional page-oriented data. Existing page-addressing deflectors, furthermore, require a moving mechanical optical assembly using a stepper motor that results in a poor stability and a low throughput rate. Beam deflectors are essential components in optical disks (i.e., CD, DVD), optical data storage systems, laser printers, and optical-computing systems. Specifically, a high-speed electro-optic beam deflector can significantly improve the performance of volume holographic memory based on the angular-multiplexing technique, which would enable commercial applications in telecommunication, large database storage, and large database processing. |
| RADIANT RESEARCH, INC.
3006 Longhorn Blvd, Suite 105 Austin, TX 78758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 339-0500
Bipin Bihari BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Polymer-Based Packaging-Compatible Board-Level Optical Bus |
| Abstract: | Early new millennium may foresee GHz PC. However, the slowness of transmitting signals off the processor-chip, for example, processor to memory, makes the system bus speed (~100 MHz) significantly slower than the clock speed. Consequently, the off-processor interconnection speed becomes a major bottleneck to further upgrading the system performance. In this program, RRI proposes a packaging-compatible fully embedded optical bus based on polymeric waveguides within the circuit board where high-speed ICs are located. This optical bus will follow IEEE-standardized ones such as VMEbus and Futurebus. The optical interconnect elements including waveguides, couplers, lasers and detectors are all embedded in the three-dimensional interconnection layers involving both electrical and optical interconnections. Electrical-to-optical and optical-to-electrical signal conversions are realized within the optical interconnection layers using polymer-based waveguide-couplers. Modulation and demodulation signals are tapped in and out through the electrical vias. The input and output signals on the surface of the PC-board are purely electrical. Such a structure has fully bandwidth advantage promised by optics while keeping the packaging-compatibility with IC chips. Performance enhancement and cost-effectiveness are achieved simultaneously through the proposed approach. In phase I program, the polymer-based optical bus layer will be developed. The optical bus protocol suitable for the proposed system architecture will be investigated. Due to the acceleration of interconnection speed, the proposed polymer-based optical bus is expected to attract a number of computer companies to jointly support the phase II efforts. A fast track phase II program will be arranged. Realization of optical communications depends on the successful transmission of high-speed signals among processing elements, memories and other peripherals with minimum losses. A packaging-compatible embedded photonic integrated circuit involving lasers, waveguides, and detectors is essential for such a task. The transferability of the embedded thin-film structure can be realized on any substrate of interest including Silicon. Other potential applications include perfect shuffle networks, optical sensing devices, nonlinear optics, switching devices, and Si CMOS process compatible optical interconnection and intra- and inter-MCM optical interconnects. The pay load reduction due to the nature of thin film optics is also important for space-borne applications where BMDO has an important role. |
| SENSOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY, INC.
21 Cavalier Way Latham, NY 12110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 783-4369
Remis Gaska BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Large Periphery AlInGaN-GaN MOS-HFET Device for High Power X-Band Microwave Amplifiers |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop and commercialize AlInGaN-GaN based metal-oxide semiconductor heterojunction field-effect transistors (MOS-HFET) as a building block for high-power (>20 W/mm), high frequency (X-band) amplifiers. Our technical approach will use our proprietary technology of deposition and processing of SiO2 on AlGaN, forming a high-quality heterointerface with low-interface state density. Our results for relatively small periphery devices proved that this approach results in high breakdown voltage, six order of magnitude reduced gate leakage, lower 1/f noise, large gate and drain voltage swings, improved frequency response, and the absence of the gate lag, making these novel device superior candidates for high-power amplifiers. The objective of the Phase I program is to establish the feasibility of a large periphery MOS-HFET device structure using multi-gate device geometry. This is to be followed by incorporating sub-micron gate-lengths in conjunction with the multi-gate MOS-HFET in a Phase II program. A successful Phase II program will yield transistors to be used in MMIC modules for fabrication of highly efficient X-band power amplifiers. These have direct applications in several commercial and military systems such as radars. |
| SENSOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY, INC.
21 Cavalier Way Latham, NY 12110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 783-4369
Remis Gaska BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | High Power Linear Microwave Amplifiers Based in InGaN (Ternary) and AlInGaN (Quaternary) Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop and commercialize AlInGaN-InGaN-GaN based heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFET) as a building block for high-power (>20 W/mm), high frequency (X-band) linear amplifiers. The undoped wide-band-gap barrier layer with high Al content and high In content in InGaN quantum well will allow us to increase the maximum electron sheet density in the HFET channel. The selective re-growth of ohmic contact regions will be used in order to minimize the series resistance. We expect that this novel design will allows us to combine high breakdown voltage, high power dissipation and large transconductance, which is constant over a wide voltage range and results in a high linearity and low inter-modulation distortion of the AlInGaN-based microwave power amplifier. A successful Phase II program will yield transistors to be used in MMIC modules for fabrication of highly efficient X-band power amplifiers. These have direct applications in several commercial and military systems such as radars. |
| STERLING SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
22660 Executive Drive Suite 101 Sterling, VA 20166 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 834-7535
Larry Rowland BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | SILICON CARBIDE HETEROSTRUCTURES FOR MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS |
| Abstract: | In reponse to the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization SBIR topic BMDO 00-014, Sterling Semiconductor proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of switching SiC polytype from 6H-SiC to 4H-SiC controllably during vapor phase epitaxy. Our novel method for doing this transition will enable cost-effective production of these heterostructures, which have never been made before by the vapor phase. These heterostructures will serve as the basis for development of all-SiC heterojunction bipolar transistors in Phase II. These HBTs to be developed in Phase II would greatly increase the microwave power capability of semiconductor devices in the 10-20 GHz range. Use of SiC HBTs would give similar or better performance than GaN based devices but without the materials problems that plague this technology. Radar transmitters with higher power than currently available can be made using these devices and would not only improve the National defense but would also be transitioned into the commercial sector. |
| STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES
120 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 885-5909
John McAleese BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | ZnO Laser |
| Abstract: | Recently, GaN and ZnSe based semiconductor blue lasers have become a fact. However, another material system, ZnO (3.2 eV, 380 nm), has also recently shown great promise as a blue laser material. Specifically, optically pumped ZnO nanocrystal arrays have demonstrated lasing like properties. Structured Materials Industries, Inc. has been a leading developer of ZnO based materials, produced by MOCVD, for the past several years. We propose to apply our capabilities to develop a packaged optically pumped ZnO based laser. We will do this with Northwestern University and Wright State University--two of the leading US research organizations experienced in the lasing and electronic properties of ZnO. In Phase I we will show proof that we can make such a laser and in Phase II we will optimize packaging of the laser. The packaged ZnO laser has applications in data storage, displays, biological assays, spectroscopy, communications, and so on, and will be commercialized for such applications in Phase III. An alternative, more economical blue/UV laser has immediate market need. |
| STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES
120 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 260-9589
Joe Cuchiaro BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Increased Retention Ferroelectric Transistor |
| Abstract: | The "Holy Grail" of Random Access Memory (RAM) is one that exhibits the speed, operational voltage and memory density of a current DRAM, but is resistant to radiation effects with a non-volatile behavior. These features are obtainable when using a non-volatile ferroelectric material to modulate the FET transistor gate (1T device). The ferroelectric dipoles are a physical distortion of the crystal lattice, which unlike electronic tunneling is resistant to a state change from exposure to radiation. We propose to build a proof of principle radiation resistant DRAM type 1T device. We will use lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) in series with a MOS substrate and obtain inversion for greater than one hour retention in Phase I. In Phase II, we will extend this work to a 1k arrayed logic device. To accomplish this task, we will work with Ramtron International Corporation, the leading U.S. ferroelectric foundry, to assure that a commercializable structure and process are developed. A ferroelectric FET offers the possibility of an integrated processor that can be powered up or down in the same state, operate at present device speeds and simulate a neuronal architecture as an added future feature. Phase III commercialization will begin with the introduction of a non-volatile transistor and licensing of project generated intellectual property, followed by integration of the innovation to next generation IC's and memory device. The successful integration of ferroelectric FET would create a main memory commodity product that has the potential to replace all existing nonvolatile memory and volatile memory that currently addresses a market over $30B. |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 934-2100
James Hove BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | AlGaN PN Junction Technology |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I proposal addresses the need to improve existing AlGaN-GaN PN junction technology through improvements to the basic properties of the nitride material. In the Phase I program, GaN and AlGaN will be deposited by molecular beam epitaxy using a unique ion filtered RF plasma source. The physical, electrical and optical properties of doped material will be examined. GaN and AlGaN junctions will be fabricated and tested to determine if improved device performance is achieved. In the Phase II program, the improved junction technology will be used to demonstrate AlGaN photodetectors and nitride heterojunction bipolar transistors. PN junctions form the basis for a wide variety of devices including diode rectifiers, laser diodes, light emitting diodes, UV photodetectors, heterojunction bipolar transitors and thyristors. Improvements to the basic PN junction technology would improve each of these devices by increasing device breakdown, reducing leakage currents and reducing diode series resistance. |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 934-2100
Gregory Whaley BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Gallium nitride transistor for high temperature and high frequency power switching |
| Abstract: | A new type of high power, high frequency switching transistor is proposed. Modern, high performance military electronics systems are requiring radiation hard, high temperature electronics components in battlefield situations as well as in space systems. We proposed to develop material processes and device designs to manufacture a static induction transistor (SIT) from gallium nitride (GaN) grown on silicon carbide (SiC) substrates. The SIT design provides high efficiency and high voltage power conversion due to its high frequency response, and the high bandgap GaN material allows higher temperature operation. The high temperature capability can be implemented in operation at high ambient temperature, or at MIL SPEC temperatures driven at higher power operation. This process in unique in that a p-type GaN is used to form the gate of the FET structure. The Phase I program will demonstrate sufficient material quality to fabricate devices, and Phase II will fabricate prototype SIT power transistors. High voltage and high temperature switching transistors for compact and efficient power supplies and RF transmitters. |
| TECHNOLOGIES & DEVICES INTERNATIONAL
8660 Dakota Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20877 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 208-8342
Vladimir Dmitriev BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Novel Approach for AlN Boule Growth |
| Abstract: | TDI proposes to develop aluminum nitride bulk growth technique based on a new version of hydride vapor phase (HVPE) method. The HVPE technique is a well-established, relatively cheap method to grow thick layers of GaN on sapphire and silicon carbide substrates. Our recent experiments showed that AlN thick epitaxial layers can be grown by HVPE. AlN and GaN free-standing platelets have been obtained after the substrate removal. The goal of this Phase I project is to prove the concept and demonstrate 1 inch AlN boule grown by the proposed technique. Test samples will be delivered. In the Phase II, we will focus on the development 2 inch diameter AlN boules. Large area, high quality AlN substrates will find a host of applications in optoelectronics, high-power, high-frequency, and high-temperature electronics for military and industrial needs. |
| TECHNOLOGIES & DEVICES INTERNATIONAL
8660 Dakota Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20877 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 208-8342
Vladimir Dmitriev BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Conductivity control for bulk GaN crystals grown from liquid phase |
| Abstract: | TDI proposes to develop bulk growth technology for GaN single crystals with controlled electrical conductivity. The proposed technical approach is based on liquid phase seeded technique. Our recent experiments showed that GaN ingots could be grown from liquid phase at growth temperatures of about 1000oC and at relatively low ambient gas pressure. These results open the opportunity to grow large GaN crystals by a melt-solution technique. The goal of the Phase I is to prove the concept and grow doped single crystal GaN materials from liquid phase. Doping concentration and electrical properties of grown materials will be studied. Test samples will be delivered. In the Phase II, we will focus on the development of production technology for large size GaN boules with controlled electrical conductivity. Large area, high quality GaN substrates with different conductivity level both n- and p-type will find a host of applications in optoelectronics, high-power, high-frequency, and high-temperature electronics for military and industrial needs. |
| TLC PRECISION WAFER TECHNOLOGY, INC.
1411 West River Road North Minneapolis, MN 55411 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 341-2795
Timothy Childs BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Bandgap Engineered Rad-hard Multi-Function Digital/MMW/Photonic Circuits |
| Abstract: | TLC will develop an innovative multi-component Radiation hard InP HEMT based chip that provides monolithic digital, millimeter-wave and photonic functions for airborne, spaceborne and THAAD systems. Using proven lattice engineering epi-growth, advance design and fabrication capabilities, ultra high speed signal processing with efficient injection seeding at various wavelength and remote millimeter-wave communication (X-band to tetrahertz) capabilities will be demonstrated. In phase I, the epitaxial wafer structure with multi devices will be developed and demonstrated. In Phase II, the multi-function digital/photonic/MMW circuits will be simulated, design, fabricated, tested and delivered, in cooperation with BMDO specifications. There is a wide variety of possible post applications in both the commercial and defense sectors. The proposed project will have potential use for the Federal Government in telecommunications portable and satellite applications as well as radar and meteorological sensing systems. Because of the promise for ultra-high reliability rad-hard performance of digital and photonic, the application potential for deep space and long term space flight and missile systems is enormous. |
| TRS CERAMICS, INC.
2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-7485
Dean Anderson BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Optimization of Piezoelectric Materials for Vibrating Structure Gyroscopes |
| Abstract: | For this Phase I SBIR, piezoelectric materials will be evaluated for a vibrating structure gyroscope (VSG) application. VSG's offer the potential for gyroscopes of reduced size, complexity, and cost while increasing reliability for space and avionics applications. Key to the performance of VSG's is the vibrating structure fabricated from piezoelectric material. Piezoelectric materials with varying key materials parameters will be evaluated to determine the optimal material for the VSG application. The primary goals of this work are: 1) evaluate known piezoelectric materials in the VSG application; 2) analysis of resulting VSG performance versus piezoelectric materials parameters to determine a material figure of merit for this application; 3) evaluate device size and piezoelectric grain size on VSG performance and manufacturability; 4) research and propose optimal piezoelectric material for the VSG application. TRS Ceramics has extensive experience with custom piezoelectric compositions, fabrication on fine grain size piezoelectrics and fabrication of specialized piezoelectric components. TRS will team with Ithaco Space Systems, a company with a long history of development and fabrication of gyroscopes and other motion sensors for the evaluation of piezoelectric materials in functional VSG devices. Smaller, lower cost and highly reliable gyroscopes are required for space platforms and lauch vehicles. Current technology is larger, more complex and more costly. In addition, if successful in space platforms, vibrating structure gyroscopes of this type could also be used in a wide variety of avionics platforms. |
| UHV TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
113B West Park Drive Mount Laurel, NJ 08054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(856) 608-0311
Vipul Patel BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | High Performance Diamond MEMS Devices |
| Abstract: | In this project, we propose to develop nano-crystalline diamond (NCD) thin film technology for micro-electro-mechanical devices. Diamond thin films have strength almost 5 times that of silicon, allowing higher performance MEMS to be fabricated. Additionally, diamond has lower friction coefficient, higher thermal conductivity and much higher wear resistance than silicon, resulting in new applications of MEMS devices. In this phase I project, we will work with Argonne National Laboratory to use their NCD deposition process to fabricate free standing diamond cantilevers. In phase II, these cantilevers will be integrated to fabricate and demonstrate high performance accelerometers. Diamond MEMS will have widespread applications due to their long life, less wear resistance and higher thermal conductivity. These devices include un-cooled IR sensors, inertial sensors, acceleometers for air bags, gyroscopes, miniature mass flow controllers and micromotors. |
| UHV TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
113B West Park Drive Mount Laurel, NJ 08054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(856) 608-0311
Bawa Singh BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Highly Efficient Carbon Nanotube Cathodes |
| Abstract: | This project focuses on development of reliable, low-voltage electron emitters based on recently discovered carbon nanotubes. There have been many reports in the last few years where electron emission at low threshold field has been reported. However, the electron emission site density is very low and the emission uniformity is poor. We believe that by applying the emission optimization concepts learned during the optimization of carbon/diamond field emitters by our team, we can improve the carbon nanotube cathodes. The optimization strategy involves fabrication of aligned nanotubes of controlled diameter and density on electronically useful substrates. This is accomplished by depositing an extremely thin (<5nm) discontinuous seeding film (stopping the film growth in the nucleation phase) of the catalyst (e.g. Ni) material on the substrate followed by nanotube growth. The primary synthesis techniques involve a laser ablation and hot filament CVD nanotube fabrication. In Phase-I, the main objective of this team is to perform closely coupled theoretical and experimental investigations to optimize carbon nanotube cathodes. In Phase-II, we will further optimize, fabricate larger size cathodes and demonstrate use of these cathodes in several cathode based products under development at UHV for many commercial applications. The applications of these cold cathodes include e-beam sublimation thrusters, drinking and waste water purification ozonators, high efficiency coolers, multi-pixel array x-ray sources, advanced light sources, vacuum microelectronics, high speed and high temperature electronics, and flat panel displays. |
| UNIAX CORP.
6780 Cortona Drive Santa Barbara, CA 93105 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 562-9293
Hailiang Wang BMDO 00-014 |
| Title: | Oxadiazole Polyfluorenes as Materials for Stable Blue Light Emitting Diodes |
| Abstract: | Semiconducting, conjugated polymers have been the subject of intense investigation for light emitting displays since the early 1990s. While significant progress has been achieved in the areas of red, yellow and green light emitting displays (LEDs), the search for an efficient, long-lived blue emitting polymer is still ongoing. In this Phase I SBIR effort we propose a synthetic strategy to prepare blue emitting polymers with the attributes needed for efficient, long lived displays. The proposed polymers will have charge transport groups built into the polymer structure, to ensure balanced hole and electron injection. During Phase I, monomers and polymers will be synthesized and physical and optoelectronic properties will be optimized. Polymer LEDs will be fabricated using the polymers synthesized during Phase I. Physical, optoelectronic and LED data will be used to identify the most suitable class of blue-emitting materials for display applications. Portable display devices are of vital importance in both the military and civilian arenas. Military personnel utilize many pieces of equipment that incorporate display components, including computers, global positioning systems (GPS), hand-held flat panel displays, helmet mounted displays and weapons. Portable display devices need to be light and have low power consumption in order to minimize battery consumption and hence weight carried. There is great synergy between the military and commercial markets, because civilian consumers are also increasingly turning to portable communication devices such as pagers, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, digital books and hand-held computers. All of these units need highly readable, low power consuming information displays. Emissive polymer displays offer the key advantages of high brightness, low weight, thin profile and low power consumption, combined with the potential for low cost, high volume fabrication. The advantages offered by this general technology area eclipse those of any other technology being developed for such applications. The first consumer product that this technology will be targeted towards is hand-held devices that require alphanumeric displays, where weight and portability are key issues. |
| ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC.
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 573-6300
Ranji Vaidyanathan BMDO 00-015 |
| Title: | Solid freeform fabrication of high temperature superconducting components with improved flux pinning and texture |
| Abstract: | Advanced Ceramics Research Inc. (ACR) has developed solid freeform fabrication (SFF) techniques for polymers, ceramics, metals, and composites. In this phase I program, ACR will freeform fabricate high temperature superconducting structures directly from CAD designs. The primary goal of this phase I program will be to optimize the processing conditions coupled with electrical property characterization for Y-Ba-Cu-O HTSC coils and cables with enhanced flux pinning. ACR will also provide a preliminary cost/economic analysis for prototype components. The extrusion process will produce a low cost geometrically complex HTS components and structures with a higher degree of flux pinning and texturing than is currently possible as well as materials with higher critical current densities for BMDO applications. Apart from BMDO applications, HTSC components directly fabricated from CAD designs could be used as windings and cables for electrical machines, and complex shaped magnets for MRI and magnetic levitation. |
| ATEC, INC.
11890 Old Baltimore Pike, Suit Beltsville, MD 20705 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 931-3221
Reza Shekarriz BMDO 00-015 |
| Title: | High Efficiency Cryogenic Cooling System Using Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) |
| Abstract: | Advanced Thermal and Environmental Concepts, Inc., in collaboration with the University of Maryland, propose to perform a feasibility study for the development of a highly efficient, MEMS-based, ultra compact cooling system with broad applications in military and commercial sectors. The proposed work will utilize an EHD-enhanced ultra thin film evaporation concept to achieve high cooling rates with minimum pressure drop and power consumption penalties while benefiting from an on-line/on-demand feature for active control of the cooling surface temperature. The work proposed in Phase I intends to address two key issues in heat rejection from sensors and detectors: rate of cooling and the parasitic noise introduced by the cooling system. While high pumping rates and passive use of microchannels may be able to provide high heat transfer rates, they also present problems in power consumption and high noise generation. The approach presented in this proposal will be able to provide localized cooling at the heat source level through the use of an integrated electrohydrodynamic (EHD) micro pump in conjunction with a micro heat pipe or condenser. The proposed work includes key innovations and embodiments to obtain a low noise, high efficiency cooling system: 1) it provides a localized EHD micro pump integrated into the sensor substrate, chip, or detector to be cooled for reducing the pressure gradients and flow fluctuations imposed in the system, 2) high heat transfer coefficients are achieved through combined thin film evaporation and EHD-enhanced pumping without transmission of any hydrodynamic or structural noise, and 3) a micro heat rejection loop, also mounted on the substrate and an integral part of the system, condenses the generated vapor and returns it back to the coolant liquid pool. Phase I efforts will focus on performing a feasibility study for achieving the appropriate cooling loads using selected liquid and pump design options. During Phase II we will continue our efforts to demonstrate the performance of the integrated system and the development of a prototype unit for defense applications. High efficiency and low noise thermal management systems are of value to a number of industries, particularly for the cooling of high-density electronics and super conductors with broad application in commercial and military systems. Furthermore, long duration missions to space require the use of extremely sensitive sensors, detectors, telescopes, and instruments requiring cooling. The technology proposed here will be of dual use in that our product will be tailored to meet the needs of the growing commercial satellite communication industry, as well as target niche markets such as coolers for mega computing and medical equipment, scientific and research equipment, ultra high sensitivity sensors used in mine sweepers and anti-terrorism electronics. |
| CONDUCTUS, INC.
969 West Maude Ave. Sunnyvale, CA 94086 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 523-9448
Seva Kaplunenko BMDO 00-015 |
| Title: | SUPERCONDUCTIVITY CONCEPTS AND MATERIALS |
| Abstract: | The increased size of increasingly complex modern electronics reduces speed because of the interconnection time delays. For frequencies above a few GHz, asynchronous communication between subsets of a complex system is unavoidable. To facilitate such a system, it is necessary to recover the phase (clock) of the digital signal, which for semiconductor circuits requires a few thousand clock periods. Recovering the phase of multiple bit-rate signals is even more difficult. A clock recovery circuit (CRC) with a locking time of one bit has been developed at Conductus, which is suitable for use for asynchronous communication. Conductus has also developed an optimum architecture for a multiple bit-rate CRC system, which can use only a few bits to define the signal frequency in a range from 10 to 40 Gb/s. For Phase I of the effort, Conductus will demonstrate the concept of the multiple bit-rate CRC including the design and fabrication of an adjustable bit-rate ring oscillator and an input frequency sampler. A computer model of the complete circuit will be also demonstrated. The chip will be fabricated using the HYPRES foundry on a subcontract basis. During the Phase II of the project a fully functioning multiple bit-rate CRC with an optical link will be demonstrated working in a closed-cycle refrigerator. Anticipated Benefits/Potential Commercial Applications of the Research or Development. The applications of integrated cryogenic clock recovery units range from sophisticated digital data acquisition systems to regular optical communication links in telephone switching systems. The superconductive circuits developed under this program will also have potential commercial applications in cryo-radar, high-speed instrumentation, fiber-optic communication receivers, wireless base station receiver front ends, particle detectors for high-energy physics and in satellite communications. It also can be used as a frequency-domain encryption tool for high-security communications. |
| HYPRES., INC.
175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(914) 592-1190
Deepnarayan Gupta BMDO 00-015 |
| Title: | SUPERCONDUCTIVITY CONCEPTS AND MATERIALS |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research project proposes to develop a superconducting multi-chip digitizer module with a bandwidth of at least 10 GHz. HYPRES has been refining a wideband digitizer technology and have demonstrated a transient digitizer with clock speeds of 16 GHz using a flash architecture. To commercialize wideband digitizer instruments based on this technology, we need to provide about 1 kilobit of fast memory for each digitized bit. With the present integration density of our fabrication process, it is not possible to fabricate a single chip digitizer with the required memory. Therefore, our strategy is to divide the circuit into smaller blocks and to assemble it on a multi-chip module (MCM). Under a separate BMDO program, we have developed high-speed (20 GHz) interface circuits that allow fast interchip data transfer. Our objective is to utilize this interface technology to realize a digitizer MCM that will meet the commercial needs. In Phase I, we will investigate the MCM configuration and prove its feasibility by demonstrating a single bit-slice of the entire digitizer. We will also design digitizer and memory chips, focusing on optimizing modularity, extendibility and reliability for the complete multi-chip digitizer module that will be demonstrated in Phase II. A transient digitizer (or digitizing oscilloscope) is indispensable for measuring single-shot ephemeral data on sub-nanosecond time scales. Many academic, commercial and military laboratories need to measure short electrical, magnetic, or optical pulses of duration from 0.1 to several nanoseconds. A wideband digitizer has many other applications including a microscan receiver and in digital beamforming. |
| IRVINE SENSORS CORP.
3001 Redhill Avenue Building #3 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 444-8715
Volkan Ozguz BMDO 00-015 |
| Title: | High-Capacity High-Speed Serial 10 K Superconductor Memory Modules |
| Abstract: | This proposal is to combine the proven high density 3D packaging technology with the ultra high performance of low temperature superconductor memory technology. The maturity level of this memory technology is approaching 16 Kbits per square centimeter. The memory is a key enabler for superconductor electronics processing but to be practical for near-term applications, larger blocks of this memory must be assembled into very compact packages which maintains the high speed and low latency attributes of this very high speed, ultra low power memory technology. The dense packaging technology as developed by ISC provides such an assembly capability. The focus will be on developing a high density NbN, serial memory module of 4 Mb capacity in a footprint of few cm2. Serial superconductor memory is the only memory technology that provides the speed of access and data transfer rates necessary to match future requirements of ultra fast processors for focal plane array signal processing and high density, ultra fast telecommunication switches. |
| MICROCOATING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3901 Green Industrial Way Chamblee, GA 30341 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(678) 287-2448
George Cui BMDO 00-015 |
| Title: | A Mini-Prototype YBCO SMES Using Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique |
| Abstract: | MicroCoating Technologies Inc., (MCT) proposes to utilize its patented Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) process for investigation of a mini-prototype YBCO SMES (Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage). The idea presented here is to use the next generation HTS wire technology to investigate the feasibility of a portable mini-sized SMES. It could be operated at liquid nitrogen with good performance, which is intended for military application. A closed-loop style coil (in persistent superconducting current operation mode), which can provide more mobility for military use, will also be investigated. The experiences accumulated during the project will benefit the further scale-up to large YBCO SMES at liquid nitrogen temperature employed to limit power surges in electrical networks for both military and civil power stations. MCT has demonstrated high quality buffer layer coating on textured nickel tape (RABiTS) provided by ORNL. MCT is exploring its technology to fabricate the next generation HTS wire with long length, which will be used for this project. MCT is proposing to build a YBCO coil with its possible maximum length in Phase I and test its performance, which will provide a few key parameters for its design for a mini-prototype SMES in Phase II. Our key collaborator is Oxford Superconducting Technology (Dr. Kenneth R. Marken). SMES devices provide a perfect solution when the line quality is important. The SMES overcomes problems like sags, spikes, voltage and frequency instability exhibiting many advantages over the conventional methods. For high-tech industry, line instability may cause severe damage and loss of time and money. It is expected that power facilities will purchase SMES devices and place them. |
| APPLIED OPTOELECTRONICS, INC.
242 Kingfisher Drive Sugar Land, TX 77478 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(281) 242-2588
Wen-Yen Hwang BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | Monolithic 1.3-um VCSEL's Grown on Alternative Substrates |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop monolithic high-power room-temperature 1.3-æm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) using novel alternative substrate technology. Long wavelength (1.3-1.55 æm) VCSELs are the key device for future local area networks and interconnection systems in both commercial and military applications. The advantages of using VCSEL's include dynamic single mode operation, low packaging cost, on wafer test capability, higher achievable direct modulation speed and easiness of high-dimensional arrays. In this project, we propose to demonstrate high-performance monolithic 1.3-um VCSELs grown directly on alternative InGaAs/GaAs bonded substrates. Recently, we have demonstrated high-power 4-um Mid-IR type-II quantum-well (QW) lasers grown directly on InGaAs/GaAs alternative substrates. The lattice mismatch between the type-II QWs and GaAs substrate is as high as 8.5%. Excellent device performance results were achieved. After several days of high-power pumping condition, there is no observable degradations in the laser performance, which demonstrates the feasibility of alternative substrates. We have also demonstrated many high-performance photodetectors from 10 to 19 um directly grown on alternative substrates with no threading dislocation from cross section TEM. In this project, monolithic high-power room-temperature 1.3-um VCSELs and large high-quality alternative substrates will be developed. These will have a huge impact on the optical communication industry. The developed 2-inch GaAs on Si alternative substrates will create a revolution in the space solar cell industry. These alternative substrates can also be used for blue LEDs and lasers, Mid-IR photodetectors and lasers. |
| APPLIED OPTOELECTRONICS, INC.
242 Kingfisher Drive Sugar Land, TX 77478 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(281) 242-2588
Sergey Zaitsev BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | Room-Temperature cw 1.3-um Quantum DoT Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers |
| Abstract: | We propose to demonstrate room-temperature cw 1.3-um vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) using self-alignment InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots grown on GaAs substrates. Long wavelength (1.3-1.55 æm) VCSELs are the key device for future local area networks and interconnection systems in both commercial and military applications. The advantages of using VCSEL's include dynamic single mode operation, low packaging cost, on wafer test capability, higher achievable direct modulation speed and easiness of high-dimensional arrays. The distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) are composed of AlO/GaAs quarter-wavelength stacks, providing high quality and low internal optical losses. The active region is composed of vertically-aligned InAs quantum dots providing enough high optical gain at 1.3 um. Previously, we have demonstrated low threshold lasing in quantum dot devices at 1.0 um and 1.9 um, and efficient edge-emitting lasers. Quantum efficiency in such lasers exceeds 65% and modal gain in 10 stacked quantum dot structures reached 100 cm-1. The phase I efforts will be directed towards the demonstration of 1.3-um Quantum-Dot VCSELs grown on GaAs. In this project, room-temperature 1.3-um quantum-dot VCSELs will be developed. These will have a huge impact on the local area networks and interconnection systems for many military and commercial applications. The technologies of quantum dots will also enable the next generation electronics circuits and novel quantum computing. |
| F&S, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4270
Daniela Topasna BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | Fullerene-Polymer Photovoltaic Thin-Film Devices |
| Abstract: | Revolutionary ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) methods of creating multifunctional thin-films monolayer by monolayer have recently been proven to yield self-assembled, electronically and photonically-active polymeric thin films. F&S and its research collaborators have demonstrated that the ISAM technique can be used to fabricate both polymer light emitting diodes and inherently noncentrosymmetric electro-optic polymer films. Photovoltaic devices are another important area of opportunity for conducting polymers. When the fullerene C60 is incorporated into conducting, conjugated polymer films, photoexcitation results in a rapid charge-transfer from the polymer to C60. The resultant dissociation of the photoexcited electron-hole pair enhances the polymer photovoltaic response by orders of magnitude. The precise spatial positioning of the C60 and polymer layers using ISAM fabrication provides enhanced charge separation and photovoltaic response. ISAM fullerene-polymer photovoltaic thin-films offer additional major advantages of excellent homogeneity, high thermal and chemical stability, simplicity and low-cost. The films can be conformally fabricated over large areas on flexible substrates. The development of ISAM photovoltaic devices can result in low-cost, high-efficiency polymer photodiodes and solar cells. ISAM polymer-fullerene photodiodes and solar cells have immediate application in various commercial areas for inexpensive, large area, flexible optical detection and energy conversion devices in optical communications, household appliances, and commercial electronics. |
| KYMA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
8829 Midway West Road Raleigh, NC 27613 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 656-0820
Mark Williams BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | A Novel Approach to the Bulk Growth of Gallium Nitride |
| Abstract: | A novel process has been developed to grow large area bulk GaN substrates. Utilizing a technique that combines a novel high rate material transfer process with the defect reduction capabilities of lateral growth, low defect density, free-standing GaN substrates will be fabricated. Thick GaN films will initially be grown up to 50 mm in diameter using a high rate growth process developed in our laboratories . Layers will then be grown using lateral growth techniques to produce large area substrates with a low defect density surface. The resultant GaN substrates will have a total thickness of 250-500 mm. The Phase I work in this proposal will focus on optimization of the sputter deposition of GaN thick films and the demonstration of laterally grown layers on these substrates.. Maximizing the deposition rate while maintaining the desired optical, electrical and microstructural properties will be paramount. From a processing standpoint, the rapid deposition rates used will enable a more cost effective approach to making bulk substrates through shorter growth times as compared to other technologies currently being used. Phase II will involve the further reduction of the microstructural defect density in the substrates by addressing specific lateral growth process problems. Attempts to grow low defect density gallium nitride (GaN) thin films on substrates such as sapphire and silicon carbide (SiC) have had limited success due primarily to differences in lattice and thermal property differences which gives rise to defects. Therefore,homoepitaxial growth of GaN thin films on bulk GaN substrates is of great interest. Heteroepitaxially grown materials grown on sapphire and SiC suffer from large concentrations of threading defects, on the order of 108 - 1010 cm-2. As a result, the operation of high performance devices, such as high speed, high sensitivity UV photodetectors, and high power, high frequency microelectronic devices, is limited. These defects increase leakage currents in diode and FET structures and act as a significant source of noise in photodetectors. Reduction of the density of these defects through homoepitaxial growth of device layers will increase the performance of these devices. |
| KYMA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
8829 Midway West Road Raleigh, NC 27613 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 789-8880
Drew Hanser BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | Large Area Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy of Gallium Nitride |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to develop a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) system capable of growing high quality, low defect density epitaxial gallium nitride (GaN) layers on substrates up to 4" in size. The HVPE process has gained attention as a technique to grow free-standing bulk GaN films for use as substrates for other growth techniques, such as MOVPE and MBE. This technique has the advantage of a high growth rate (up to 1-2 mm/min) and relatively low cost. We propose to enhance the HVPE technique to produce large area GaN substrates. The development of a low defect density GaN substrate through the investigation of the initial nucleation and the improvement of the surface of the material by utilizing lateral growth techniques will result in improved properties of epitaxial GaN films, and subsequently will improve the performance of GaN-based devices. Moving to wafer sizes larger than 2" will also create lower cost opportunities through process scaling. Phase I of the research will demonstrate this technology. Phase II will focus on the reduction of defects in the material and characterization of as deposited epitaxial GaN and AlGaN films on the GaN substrates. One of the key materials issues in the growth of GaN-based semiconductors is the lack of availability of a nitride substrate. The limiting factors in many high performance applications based on GaN and related materials can be attributed directly to material defects in epitaxially grown layers. Achieving low defect density, free standing GaN layers will enable many new technologies to be commercialized. Some of these applications include short wavelength optical applications, such as blue and UV light emitting devices (LEDs and LDs), visible- and solar-blind UV detectors, and high-speed power switching components. |
| NANOPOWDER ENTERPRISES, INC.
Suite 106, 120 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 885-1088
Amit Singhal BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | Ultrahigh Energy Density Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a novel class of nanocrystalline anode materials that will lead to lithium-ion rechargeable batteries with exceptional energy densities (> 250 Wh/kg) and a long cycle life (> 250). This will represent a 100 % improvement compared to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. In contrast to other approaches that utilize either an amorphous/crystalline oxide of tin (with and without glass formers), or pure tin, we have shown in preliminary experiments that control over the oxidation state of the element has the potential to lead to retention of near theoretical capacity (600 - 850 Ah/kg) over a large number of cycles, with minimal irreversible capacity loss in first discharge/charge cycle. Capitalizing on this innovation, and using our vapor phase process for producing nanoparticles, in Phase I of the program, we will produce nanoparticles of Sn1-yOx:Sby; the combination of a specific oxidation state and alloying element will lead to high specific capacity and good cycle life. Electrochemical properties, such as energy density, power density and cycle life, will be evaluated by working with our industrial partner. The properties will be optimized in Phase II, so as to lead to lithium-ion batteries with far superior properties relative to what is available today. Nanocrystalline anode materials will be produced and marketed on a commercial scale in Phase III. There are many markets for rechargeable, lightweight and flexible lithium batteries. These batteries can be used in a variety of applications, such as, electric vehicles, cellular phones and portable computers, just to name a few. Our innovative approach to synthesizing a new class of anode materials will have a tremendous impact on the rechargeable lithium battery market, which is expected to reach $10 billion by 2003. |
| ROGUE SYSTEMS, INC.
P O Box 473 Fairhaven, MA 02719 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 999-1575
Kenneth Paulsen BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | SURPRISES AND OPPORTUNITIES: Advanced Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Li-ion Batteries |
| Abstract: | Solid state rechargeable batteries offer potentially greater energy density than conventional nickel cadmium batteries and could foster the development of more sophisticated implantable medical devices and electronic equipment if successfully developed. These solid state batteries will have improved lifetimes and higher energy to the extent that they can be used to power conventional implantable devices such as the implantable gait assist device or the left ventricular assist device. More importantly, however, this research will point the way to the development of more advanced secondary batteries for powering the next generation of implantable devices. The proposed research effort will involve computer-assisted evaluation of new polymers and polymer composites which will hasten the selection of candidate materials for synthesis. These select materials will then be synthesized and characterized electrochemically to determine which are most likely to yield the desired electrochemical properties. Success in the Phase I effort will lead to commercialization of the proposed innovation through cooperation with our Phase III battery manufacturing partner. The technological success of developing a solid polymer electrolyte that is equal to liquid electrolytes will mean a whole new era for lithium batteries in the consumer market. This will occur because a competitive solid polymer electrolyte will put and end to safety problems with lithium batteries. The private sector would benefit from this technological development since the market for portable power to run the latest electronic gadget seems insatiable. With each passing year, there appears to be an ever increasing bevy of new portable electronic devices. All of these gadgets require power and batteries are the only answer. Development of improved, safe high power batteries must continue since the demand for new electronics continues unabated. The pressure for this development is market driven and will eventually be met, the proposed innovation is one possible way of meeting this demand. |
| SHAYDA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2201 West Campbell Park Drive Suite 111 Chicago, IL 60612 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(312) 455-9080
Alireza Gharavi BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | Mid-Infrared Stacked Waveguide Laser Arrays with Organic Light Emitting Diodes |
| Abstract: | We propose organic light emitting diode lasers incorporating dyes, short length polymers (oligomers) and rare-earth organometallic complexes of erbium, neodymium, praseodymium or Ytterbium as emissive layers. The wavelength is tunable by the active Bragg grating incorporated in its cavity. The materials for these emissive layers are tailored in such a way as to produce emissions in the 1 to 3 mm range covering the critical telecommunication windows between 1.3 mm and 1.6 mm of the fiberoptic channels. In general the proposed fabrication process may be adapted to cover electroluminescence (EL) emissions from blue to infrared wavelengths. Optical amplifiers and laser sources made with these materials can be modular or be integrated into polymer optical integrated circuits (OICs) giving greater flexibility to configuration. The fabrication process is done by direct uv and/or laser patterning, making component integration simple. Waveguides and Bragg-gratings can be easily patterned by direct-writing, a process well developed in our laboratories at Shayda. This way it is possible to pattern closely spaced laser arrays in a given layer and, further, stack multiple layers to obtain a dense mxn array of tunable waveguide lasers. The pumping of the emissive layer is done directly by current injection which drastically simplifies the fabrication of a laser/optical amplifier. Ease of fabrication, handling, availability and versatility of the organic material along with low production costs will make them a likely competitor to existing products and provide new opportunities to meet future demands. The potential use of a compact, inexpensive, waveguide laser and optical amplifier such as the one described here is readily evident. Its use in the private sector will range from communication and information systems to future optical switching and computing to display panels. An inexpensive laser source and optical amplifier will help deployment of all-optical communication networks. |
| T/J TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3850 Research Park Drive P.O. Box 2150 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 213-1637
Michael Wixom BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Mechanical-to-Electrical Energy Conversion |
| Abstract: | Electromechanical actuators based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) provide very efficient conversion of electrical to mechanical energy. This proposal demonstrates the reverse operation in which SWNT electrodes transduce mechanical energy into electrical energy. Such transducers will be attractive alternatives to piezoelectric sources which have lower energy conversion efficiencies and generate charge at higher potentials. Applications are numerous, ranging from MEMS power supplies to remote sensors to the conversion of ocean wave energy to electricity. In Phase I, electrode sheets will be fabricated and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption porosimetry. The energy conversion response will be investigated in two electrolytes using a specially designed apparatus to control the magnitude and rate of applied strain. Electroanalytical chemistry methods will be used to determine fundamental properties such as the relationship between the generated charge and the applied strain. Frequency response and cycle life will be investigated. In Phase II the response will be optimized through efforts to reduce bundling and improve the mechanical properties of the SWNT electrodes. Phase II will also include connecting multiple SWNT electrodes in series to increase the device voltage, and investigating the use of higher temperature and higher voltage electrolyte systems. Carbon nanotube transducers convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is more readily stored or transmitted. For example, the energy in vibrating or rotating shafts could be used to charge batteries. The technology could be miniaturized as rechargeable micro-power supplies for MEMS. On much larger scales, wind and wave energy could be harvested and stored. |
| TECHNOLOGIES & DEVICES INTERNATIONAL
8660 Dakota Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20877 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 208-8342
Vladimir Dmitriev BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | HYDRIDE VAPOR PHASE EPITAXY FOR Ga(In)N/AlGaN QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURES |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) for the fabrication of multi-layer epitaxial structures for advanced GaN-based devices with quantum wells. Currently, only metal organic vapor phase deposition is employed for the production of GaN-based devices including light emitters and high-power microwave devices. Another epitaxial method known to deposit high quality GaN layers is the HVPE. Recently, we demonstrated GaN-based device structures grown by HVPE. These results open the opportunity to develop a new epitaxial technology for quantum size epitaxial structures based on the HVPE technology. Phase I objective is to prove the concept and demonstrate GaN-based quantum well structures grown by HVPE High performance GaN-devices with quantum well structures fabricated by HVPE technology will find a host of applications in high-power, high-frequency, high-temperature electronics and optoelectronics for military and industrial needs. |
| TRS CERAMICS, INC.
2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-7485
Paul Rehrig BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | High Temperature Piezoelectric Systems for Actuators and Sensors |
| Abstract: | For this Phase I SBIR, high temperature piezoelectrics are proposed based on the breakthrough technology of crystallographic engineering. Based on the perovskite (ABO3) structural tolerance factor, new morphotropic phase boundaries are projected in the PBTiO3-Bi(B)O3 system with transition temperature >600 degrees C. In contrast to Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), novel piezoelectrics with transition temperatures nearly 300 degrees C higher than that currently available are anticipated. In this program, further crystallographic engineering as well as donor and acceptor dopant strategies will be investigated. Dielectric and electromechanical characteristics as a function of temperature and stress will be used to demonstrate the significance of this new family of functional materials, for high temperature, high performance applications that include accelerometers, high force actuators, vibration sensors and related smart systems. Phase I research will provide a basis for further formulation and processing optimization in Phase II, that includes the manufacturing of monolithic, multilayer actuators and sensors. Piezoelectric components from the new class of perovskites are expected to meet the demand for higher temperature operation in high stress environments required by DOD applications that include smart aerospace platforms and commercially in automotive fuel injectors, etc. |
| US NANOCORP, INC.
20 Washington Ave. Ste. 106 North Haven, CT 06473 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 234-8024
Jinxiang Dai BMDO 00-016 |
| Title: | All Solid State Thin-Film Rechargeable Microbattery for MEMS |
| Abstract: | Major interest is growing in the area of Micro-electromechanical Machines (MEMS), and with it, the requirement to power MEMS with microbatteries. To fulfill this need, this proposal outlines a program that will develop an all solid-state microbattery that will be small enough to be incorporated with electronic devices or on semiconductor chips. Thermal spray techniques will be used to sequentially deposit cobalt oxide, LiPON and Li2Ti3O7 to form a solid-state high energy density microbattery. This all solid-state cell will also be amenable to high volume, low cost manufacturing process such as the "Direct Write" fabrication technique. Innovations in this area will increase performance through tighter tolerances and quality control (longer life, lower failure rates) and dramatically lower cost both with respect to intrinsic materials and reduced labor. US Nanocorp, Inc is pioneering the area of thermal sprayed thin film electrodes, first to be reduced to practice in pyrite (FeS2) cathodes for thermal batteries in a Phase II SBIR program (U.S. Army). The proposed 6-month program will determine the feasibility of the microbattery concept using thermal sprayed nanostructured materials. Success in this technology will have profound implications in the rapidly growing MEMS field, and other areas that require ultra-small rechargeable batteries. A high energy density, all solid-state rechargeable microbattery will provide an integrated power source for MEMS, volatile CMOS memories and other integrated circuits requiring significant backup power. This development will be of interest to both the military and commercial sectors. |
| ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORP.
2235 Polvorosa Avenue,, Suite 230 San Leandro, CA 94577 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 483-4156
Xiaoxi Xu DTRA 00-001 |
| Title: | Biological and chemical agent neutralization using electromagnetic radiation |
| Abstract: | Alameda Applied Sciences Corporation (AASC) proposes to develop a high power electromagnetic beam/RF energy device to neutralize chemical and biological agents that may be used in standard warfare or by terrorists. There are three broad methods for bio/chemical demilitarization: thermal, chemical and electromagnetic processes. Traditional thermal and chemical means lack the attributes of remote operation, mobility and the handling of multiple chemical and biological agents at same time. Our electromagnetic method uses RF radiation (microwave, millimeter) as well as UV to break the molecular (chemical-bond) structures via the resonant interaction between the molecules and the electromagnetic field. A wide band electromagnetic beam source can totally convert hazardous chemical or biological components into non-toxic materials like water, carbon or HCl. Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of the technology. The critical frequency, power level, waveform and repetition rate of the electromagnetic radiation will be identified. The electromagnetic energy needed to destroy the agent will be analyzed. With this information, a bio/chemical mitigation device will be constructed and validated in Phase II. Phase III will be devoted to an aggressive commercialization campaign aimed at several military and civilian uses of such devices. Military Applications include Weapons demilitarization, Biological demilitarization, Chemical demilitarization Cooperative threat reduction, Base realignment and closure. Commercial Applications included Industrial chemicals, Agricultural chemicals, Medical waste, Waste treatment and Environmental remediation. The proposed RF/UV source can be applied to all of these applications in Phase III. |
| SUNCREST LABORATORIES L.L.C.
P.O. Box 947 Auburn, AL 36831 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(334) 257-3435
Willard T. Blevins DTRA 00-001 |
| Title: | Gaseous High Temperature Incendiary for Neutralization of Chemical and Biological Agents |
| Abstract: | It is proposed that the use of white phosphorous be explored as the fuel for a gas phase high temperature incendiary (GHTI) weapon for defeat of chemical and biological warfare agents stored in hard or soft structures. Such a weapon would have some unique advantages over conventional high temperature incendiaries including the ability to better deliver heat throughout a structure. The research will model the expected temperatures which could be reached and test the possibility of a residual sporicidal action by combustion products. products is to be investigated a An entirely new approach to the high temperature mediated destruction of chemical and biological agents is expected to emerge from this research. This new approach would enhance the ability to destroy stored agents in targets of unknown and complex geometry. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4800
William Coirier DTRA 00-003 |
| Title: | Development of a High Fidelity PC Based Simulator for Modeling the Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion of Nuclear, Chemical, Biological, and Radiolog |
| Abstract: | A PC laptop based simulator is proposed to enable rapid prediction of the dispersion of toxic substances in urban areas. The package will be a comprehensive tool capable of automatically generating a model of the urban area based on digitized aerial/satellite images and then predicting the time dependant dispersion of agents within the domain. In the interest of speed and accuracy, the model will first provide rapid estimates of the dispersion based on coarse numerical grids and simplified physical models and then used advanced models to progressively refine the solution, as time permits. The refined solution will use adaptive grid techniques and advanced turbulence models in the context of an unstructured three-dimensional Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code to provide accurate resolution of the dispersion. Operation of the tool and data display will be via graphical user interfaces that can be understood and operated with only a few hours of training. The simulation tool will provide a counter terrorist or collateral damage assessment capability. In that capacity, it can be used to identify worst case release point, help design or identify safe areas, and assist in post event medical response. It will also be marketed to private industry and organizations for enviromental impact studies. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(970) 282-4400
Martin J. Bell DTRA 00-004 |
| Title: | Meteorological Data Reduction Techniques for Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling |
| Abstract: | DTRA currently operates a suite of high resolution forecast models and atmospheric dispersion tools, and plans to implement two further forecast models and ensemble forecasting techniques. DTRA's method of operation is to run the forecasting tools at their central computer facility, transmitting to field locations the relevant dispersion model inputs. The volume of data inherent in these operations is large and unwieldy and can quickly overwhelm communication systems. Mission Research Corporation (MRC) will investigate several techniques aimed at reducing the data issues DTRA faces. In the Phase I project, data reduction schemes will be investigated which minimize what is transmitted to the field location without significant impact on the dispersion simulations. Such schemes will include the removal of unnecessary grid points outside the plume region and the reduction of grid-point data of low intrinsic value. MRC will also investigate the use of diagnostic wind models at the remote locations, possibly including near-plume observations as additional input, to re-enhance the transmitted data. Future extensions for Phase II would include the investigation of further reduction techniques, efficient handling of the different forecast model outputs, investigation of data compression algorithms, development of confidence measures for the forecasts, and automation of data handling procedures. As computing costs are decreasing, the types of systems employed at DTRA are becoming common in both government and commercial sectors. Applications include weather and air quality forecasting, and hazard management. Use of these systems is resulting in data issues that few organizations have experienced, especially since data handling tools lag model application. The work that will be accomplished by this project will increase the accessibility to this data, especially to those users unaccustomed to dealing with such large volumes of raw data. |
| SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC.
99 South Bedford Street, Suite 7 Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-4770
James Cho DTRA 00-004 |
| Title: | High-Resolution, Stratospheric Variability and Dispersion Modeling for Assessing Collateral Effects of Hazardous Releases |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses DTRA's need for characterizing the natural variability of weather and determining the uncertainty of dispersion calculations for accurate assessments of collateral effects from hazardous releases in the upper-troposphere /stratosphere. The transport in the stratosphere, and the exchange between it and the troposphere, can pose a long-term and/or long-distance hazard - as well as a large source of uncertainty in the upper troposphere. We propose to develop an innovative model, which will provide high-resolution predictions of weather and dispersions in the stratosphere. Additional advantages of this model include flexibility in coupling with other types of weather products and its ability to efficiently perform long-duration, physically-robust calculations - making it an important tool for assessing uncertainties in the current models. In Phase I, we will develop the model with relevant physics and chemistry and fully explore the parameter space necessary for accurately modeling the stratosphere. This work will lead to a better understanding of variability and dispersion behavior in the stratosphere and in the upper troposphere. In Phase II, we will extend the model to serve as a fully operational numerical weather prediction model, which can be coupled with DTRA's current tropospheric model. The Phase II/III software will have immediate numerical weather prediction and dispersion modeling applications for DTRA, as well as for DOE, NASA, academic, and commercial programs. Commercial uses are anticipated in prediction of the dispersion of effluents from nuclear accidents, volcanoes, and asteroid impacts; global environmental monitoring, such as from large power and manufacturing plants and from high altitude airplanes; improved hurricane and tornado predictions; and global circulation modeling for other planets. |
| SCIENCE & ENGINEERING ASSOC., INC.
PO Box 3722 Albuquerque, NM 87190 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 688-1188
W. R. Seebaugh DTRA 00-005 |
| Title: | Source and Transport Modeling of Biological Agent Slurries |
| Abstract: | The Defense Threat Reduction Agency is currently developing the Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC), which is an operational forecasting system for predicting the fate of hazardous materials released into the atmosphere. Experimental data for the physical properties and response to weapon environments of wet biological agent or slurries are required for source terms and transport algorithms for HPAC. This proposal addresses (1) the development of experimental methodologies to determine the required physical properties and responses, (2) the acquisition of laboratory data for the physical properties and response of slurries of Bacillus thuringiensis, an anthrax surrogate, to high temperature environments, (3) the development of algorithms describing these physical properties and responses, and (4) the development of a plan for a field experimental program to determine the potential collateral effects associated with biological agent slurries. The field tests and enhanced modeling using the acquired data will be conducted during Phase II. The experimental data and models that result from the proposed program will be directly usable by DTRA in its collateral effects program. The models will be developed in a form that can be used by other military agencies concerned with the proliferation of biological weapons. |
| NEW ENGLAND RESEARCH, INC.
331 Olcott Drive STE L1 White River Junct, VT 05001 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(802) 296-2401
Randolph J. Martin, III DTRA 00-006 |
| Title: | High Strain Rate Measurements of EM in Rocks |
| Abstract: | Although electromagnetic (EM) observations provide useful information about weapon detonation in rock, recent observations imply that the signals may be due to contaminated damage in the rock. To put this use of EM measurements on a stronger footing, it is essential to understand the signal-generating process due to deformation and damage in the rock. An improved understanding will make these measurements more useful and provide opportunities to extend these techniques into other areas, such as mining and oil production in which rock masses are deformed and damaged on a wide variety of time scales. Changes in electrical resistivity, piezoelectricity, piezomagnetism, electrokinetic phenomena, and point defect mobility have been proposed to explain some electromagnetic signals. However, no comprehensive study has been undertaken to look at the relative importance of each effect under dynamic loading conditions. Therefore, during Phase I of the study, a suite of measurements of the total EM response will be performed under three loading conditions (tension, confined compression as a function of strain rate, and impact) for crystalline rocks, carbonate, concrete, and sands. The results of the experiments will be used to separate the EM data associated with the detonation of the explosives from the device-rock mass coupling. Several commercial products will result from Phases I and II of the work: * techniques to measure the total electromagnetic effect observed during detonation of conventional explosives, * a database of rock properties and EM responses for previous explosions will be populated, * interactive software to predict the observed EM effects based on the rock type, the yield of the device, and the emplacement conditions will be developed and made available to other DoD agencies and contractors, the mining industry, and the oil and gas industry. In addition, quantitative understanding of the EM-generation mechanism in rock will open the possibility of new applications in the mining and energy industries. ng and energy industries. |
| EIC LABORATORIES, INC.
111 Downey Street Norwood, MA 02062 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 769-9450
Kevin M. Spencer DTRA 00-008 |
| Title: | A Chemical Sniffer to Detect Nuclear Weapons |
| Abstract: | We will develop a vapor phase detector of the chemicals/explosives associated with nuclear weaponry. Radioactive element detection allows accurate weapons verification, but provides too much information on the weaponry design. An alternative is to detect non radioactive chemicals associated with the nuclear weapons. EIC Laboratories has successfully developed vapor phase Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), a sensitive (5 ppb vapor in < 30 s) gas sensing technology to locate TNT-based landmines. This program will demonstrate the ability of SERS to detect explosives and processing/enrichment chemicals at trace levels in the vapor phase. The Phase I effort will demonstrate vapor phase detection of HMX, PETN, and TATB, as well as the processing chemical tributylphosphate. We will demonstrate that SERS can detect chemical binders of different explosive formulations. We will demonstrate 1) reproducibility, 2) negligible chemical interferences, and 3) detection of encased samples. The Phase II program will complete a SERS spectral survey of all chemicals associated with nuclear weapons, fabricate the deliverable transportable SERS system with sensor, and create software that will automatically provide accurate nuclear weapons verification. Goals are collection times of <5 seconds, a system weight of <20 lbs., and vapor detection with no false positives or negatives. An instrument with the anticipated capabilities will be immediately transferable into several commercially related fields, such as trace detection of narcotics, trace detection of environmental and industrial contaminants, UXO detection, and trace detection of chemical/biological warfare agents. EIC plans to commercialize the SERS probe for these uses. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Steven A. Africk DTRA 00-010 |
| Title: | Innovative Infrasound Sensors with High Reduction of Natural Background Noise |
| Abstract: | A global array of infrasonic sensors to monitor compliance is specified in the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. A prototype system of infrasonic sensor stations has been defined but this design is not considered optimal and greater signal to noise and less sensitivity to local conditions (e.g. snow) are sought. PSI will design an innovative replacement sensor subsystem using PVDF piezopolymer sheets or cable. This sensor material has good sensitivity and dynamic range and its properties are well known and uniform. The sensors will be continuous and can provide optimal pressure averaging for local noise suppression and a variety of sensor shapes and sizes will be evaluated. Sensor subsystems will also be all electronic thereby eliminating the need for manifolds and microbarographs in the present system and making possible processing of individual sensors for enhanced signal and noise performance. In Phase I, a simple sensor model will be constructed and validated by experiments with sensors of various sizes. A prototype subsystem including sensors, electronics and signal processing will be defined and itsfeasibility demonstrated in a set of field tests using a full size subsystem. The innovative sensor system will provide better acoustic performance, be less sensitive to environmental factors and require less maintenance than the current baseline system at comparable or lower cost. It will replace the complexities and uncertainties of the present system which uses a microbarograph attached by a manifold to a series of hardware store hoses by a uniform, well characterized state of the art sensor with direct electrical outputs, which will support novel sensor signal processing including monitoring of individual array elements. In addition to test ban treaty monitoring, there are several potential commercial applications of infrasonic sensors including avalanche detection, turbulence monitoring and tornado detection and warning. The technology developed in this program will allow the development of affordable large arrays of well calibrated sensors that will be required for these applications. |
| PRIME PHOTONICS, INC.
1872 Pratt Drive, Suite 1525 Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 961-2245
Russell G. May DTRA 00-010 |
| Title: | Innovative Infrasound Sensors with High Reduction of Natural Background Noise |
| Abstract: | Nuclear denotations generate low frequency infrasound, which can be detected using infrasound sensors and used to assess the yield and location of an atmospheric nuclear explosion. However, the current infrasound sensors do not provide satisfactory performance because of a number of inherent limitations. Prime Photonics, Inc. proposes to develop an optical fiber sensor technology for highly-sensitive detection of infrasound under all-weather conditions. The proposed sensor is based on the self-calibrated interferometric/intensity-based (SCIIB) technology recently developed at the Virginia Tech's Photonics Laboratory, the subcontract collaborator of the proposed Phase I program. The SCIIB method for the first time successfully combines fiber interferometry and intensity-based devices into a single sensor system so that it possesses all the major advantages of the two types. The successful completion of this Phase I will lead to a clear demonstration of highly-sensitive infrasound detection with full compensation of undesired optical and environmental changes. Prime Photonics, Inc. will collaborate with Virginia Tech's Photonics Laboratory, where the SCIIB sensor technology was invented and an advanced CO2 laser-based SCIIB sensor fabrication facility is available. In the event of a Phase award, Virginia Center for Innovative Technology will provide $18K match funding to support the subcontracted research to Virginia Tech. The proposed research will lead the development of ruggedized acoustic sensors, which will have a wide range of industrial applications. One of these is fiber instrumentation for on-line detection and location of partial discharges in high-voltage power transformers. It is believed that initiation of partial discharges is responsible for about 1% of annual failure rate, and no sensors that can be used directly inside transformers are currently available for this application. As a new start-up, Prime Photonics is committed to the development of products for instrumentation in harsh environments, and has identified sensors for electric utilities as its first target market. Following successful field demonstration of prototype sensors during the Phase II program, Prime Photonics will seek investment capital to put in place the infrastructure necessary for product manufacture and marketing. |
| FERMIONICS CORP.
4555 Runway St Simi Valley, CA 93063 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 582-0155
Muren Chu DTRA 00-011 |
| Title: | Low Power, Room Temperature Systems for the Detection and Identification of Radionuclides from Atmospheric Nuclear Tests |
| Abstract: | CdTe has been used as x-ray detectors, gamma ray detectors, and modulators for many years. Recently, after the introduction of ZnCdTe, there are tremendous interest in using this semiconductor system to develop advanced high-sensitivity x-ray and gamma ray focal plane arrays for real time imaging. The applications of the advanced new imaging systems are immense. However, the quality of the ZnCdTe/CdTe has never met the expected goals. Our results indicate that the most possible cause of the material degradation is the incorporation of crystalline defects into the material during the crystal growth. The first innovation of this proposed program is to develop a method to eliminate the crystalline defects during the crystal growth. The second is to re-investigate the impurity doping mechanisms in ZnCdTe/CdTe. After the study, high resistivity ZnCdTe/CdTe photo-conductive detectors and arrays will be fabricated and tested. The industry of x-ray and gamma ray equipment has a multi-billion dollar market each year. for the next generation imaging equipment using the focal plane array technology, ZnCdTe/CdTe sensors are urgently needed. There are tremendous applications of the advanced new imaging systems. For example, such systems can be used for crystallography, security inspection, packaging control, laboratory particle analysis, and numerous medical applications. |
| HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2431 Beekay Court Vienna, VA 22181 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 255-9456
James C Harris DTRA 00-014 |
| Title: | Wide-Area Detection and Mapping Hyperradar |
| Abstract: | The proposal research examines the potential of contractor proprietary hyperradar technology and hardware designs to provide a very high resolution, all weather wide area detection and mapping capability with affordable, robust hardware incorporating data efficient archiving ability. If successful, the proposed research will yield an functionally correct hardware prototype of the operation hyperradar during the Phase II research, and will accelerate entry of ground penetrating radar products into the commercial marketplace. |
| METROLASER, INC.
18010 Skypark Circle, Suite 100 Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 553-0688
James D. Trolinger DTRA 00-014 |
| Title: | Wide-area Detection and Mapping Technique to Locate Minefields Containing Antipersonnel Landmines |
| Abstract: | This is a proposal to develop and apply state-of-the-art technology to detect and map anti-personnel landmines (APL). The proposed concept exploits new findings that certain classes of acoustical waves reflect from buried, man-made objects much more efficiently than from natural objects. Studies have further shown that a measurable effect is present on the ground surface to detect the presence of the reflected waves. The method has been shown potentially useful for the location of individual APL's. This proposal shows how an adaptation of the concept may be even more applicable for use in verification and monitoring regimes of potential APL agreement/ban treaty violations. An acoustic source generates the appropriate frequencies and a sensor detects the presence of reflected waves near the surface, ultimately recording a picture of what lies beneath the ground. A system to remotely identify the presence of buried landmines will be a major contribution to humanity. The proposed system is anticipated to be fast, accurate, and cost effective. Its commercial potential will be largely driven by the need to locate the many millions of landmines that have been buried worldwide. Other commercial applications include modal vibration measurements in the automobile and aerospace industries. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 768-7709
Jeffrey D. Black DTRA 00-016 |
| Title: | Rad Hard Flash Technology |
| Abstract: | The highest density radiation hardened non-volatile (NV) memory currently available is a 256 kbit EEPROM based on SONOS technology. One of the major limitations in developing rad hard NV memory has been the cost in bringing up the NV technology in a dedicated rad hard process facility, especially when weighed against the limited market size. One way to bring radiation hardening to an advanced electronic product on a cost-effective basis is to leverage the commercial product by applying the hardening to the commercial fab instead of bringing the commercial technology to the rad hard fab. NV flash memory technology is popular in the commercial marketplace, with densities up to 256 Mbit in production. Unfortunately, flash memory is not available, at any density, in total dose rad hard versions. And, most commercial flash memories are so soft that impractical amounts of shielding are required to survive even moderate radiation environments. This effort will be the first step in developing rad hard flash technology at a commercial fab. Rad hard flash technology will be a near-term solution to the problem of high density NV memory for space applications. It will enable the development of rad hard flash memories and embedded NV memory for rad hard ASICs. |
| SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH
15261 Connector Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 766-9844
Ted Lehman DTRA 00-017 |
| Title: | Statistical HPM/EMP effects assessment |
| Abstract: | Scientific Applications and Research Associates (SARA), Inc proposes to investigate and demonstrate the applicability of statistical electromagnetic techniques to HPM/EMP effects assessment. The need for statistical techniques arises because almost all high frequency interacted fields are chaotic. Experience has shown that traditional deterministic EM methods are not efficient, accurate, and manageable when the fields are chaotic. Recently developed statistical techniques have been used to develop CW EM assessment methods, which are directly applicable to chaotic fields. The resulting assessment method is simple, accurate, robust, manageable, and efficient. SARA proposes to extend the statistical techniques to the wide-band fields associated with HPM/EMP environments. SARA will derive the statistical models for enclosure field norms; for the threshold of LRU's located in enclosures; and for the shielding effectiveness of enclosures. SARA will derive the expressions for the probability of effect at the LRU level. Limited testing to verify the field norms and shielding effectiveness statistical models will be performed. Because low level testing is proposed for shielding effectiveness parameter determination, SARA will investigate the impact of arcing and TPD firing on the probability of effect estimates. The robustness, efficiency, and accuracy of the statistical assessment methods will be used to establish feasibility. The statistical assessment methods have a number of potential post Phase II applications including both the military and private sectors. Many military aircraft and naval vessels are subject to HEMP, HPM, EMC, and/or HIRF requirements. In the private sector, commercial aircraft are subject to HIRF requirements and more equipment and systems such as automobiles are subject to EMC immunity standards. The commercial market is relatively new to HPM, HIRF and European EMC requirements. Much of the commercial aircraft hardness surveillance evaluation has been through "visual inspection." FAA is in the process of requiring a much more rigorous hardness surveillance and maintenance program (per the draft copy of Section 10 of the HIRF User's Guide). This upcoming policy and the European standards should open the door to a very large and exciting market for our product line. |
| DIANA HI-TECH, LLC
152 HARRISON AVE. JERSEY CITY, NJ 07304 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(201) 332-2962
Jan S. BRZOSKO DTRA 00-018 |
| Title: | X-ray SOURCE/SIMULATOR BASED ON THE PLASMA FOCUS |
| Abstract: | Overall proposed program is aimed on development and construction of X-ray-simulator for a nuclear weapon testing. The X-simulator based on plasma focus with a low-voltage (V<50kV), fast capacitor bank (1micro-s)is expected to serve as pulsed (40ns)and intense (0.1-1 MJ/4p) source of soft (~1keV) and warm (~50keV) X-rays with Hz's pulse repetition rate. In phase-I will be carried on a limited testsof performance and scaling of the SXR and WXR production using existing APF-50 and Ne static filling. Obtained results should allow for realistic planning of the size and parameters of the intermediate scale X-simulator. Such X-simulator will serve as demonstration unit for full size machine and optionally for adaptation of the electrode system to a large pulsed power sources such as ACE-4 or Shiva Star. In addition to applications as X-simulator, the technology could be useful for X-ray lithography as it was already proven in a microscale experiments. If adapted, APF-50 will have an impact on further development of microelectronic and quantum wires. |
| ECOPULSE
PO Box 528, zip 22150, 7844 Vervain Ct Springfield,, VA 22152 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 623-0099
Nino R. Pereira DTRA 00-018 |
| Title: | Passive debris shields |
| Abstract: | Following a preliminary test of compliantly supported cryogenically cooled lithium (CSCL) foil as a debris shield for flash x-ray testing, we propose to develop this debris shield for use at larger areas. The concept should work up to 1000 cm2. Under Phase I we will also demonstrate a convenient way to handle the lithium. The CSCL debris shield might replace beryllium as a large area debris shield for modest fluences, and in other applications where its high cost and problems with safe handling make beryllium problematic. |
| STARMARK, INC.
P. O. Box 270710 San Diego, CA 92198 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 676-0055
Franklin S. Felber DTRA 00-018 |
| Title: | Innovative Flux-Compression Approaches for Next Generation Machines |
| Abstract: | Starmark and Maxwell Systems Division have teamed to demonstrate the feasibility of using flux compression to achieve pulse sharpening and power compression in Next Generation Machines (NGMs) and to demonstrate that flux compression can be a simple, robust, efficient, and reliable means of doing so. Using flux compression for pulse sharpening on x-ray simulators promises potential savings of many tens of millions of dollars on NGMs. The objectives of the Phase I program are: (1) To assess the feasibility of various flux-compression design configurations for pulse sharpening of x-ray simulators, including inside-out coaxial sweeping-wave and helical-coil generators, as well as outside-in designs. (2) To integrate plasma stability analysis into the design evaluation and design optimization processes. (3) To systematize the process for optimizing flux-compression design parameters and implement the process to produce a conceptual design of an effective and efficient flux-compression generator and design options for an NGM. Anticipated products of the program include an assessment and conceptual designs of the most promising candidates for configurations and design options for flux-compression generators for NGMs. The Starmark/Maxwell team will work closely with DTRA to ensure that the program contributes to the major investment decisions that must be made in planning and designing NGMs. DTRA can realize huge cost savings on future x-ray simulators if flux compression will allow use of long-rise-time (250 - 500 ns) voltage pulses to achieve short (50 - 100 ns) implosion times of plasma radiation sources. Opportunities for application of flux-compression technology in the commercial arena include all high-power pulsed-power applications in which cost savings can be realized by building microsecond-pulse, moderate-voltage generators and using low-cost flux compression to sharpen the pulses and compress the power. |
| KREAMER SPORTS, INC.
7100 West Park Road Shreveport, LA 71129 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(318) 687-0030
Mr. David Kreamer SOCOM 00-001 |
| Title: | Extreme Environment Hand-Wear system |
| Abstract: | A variety of extreme environment hand-wear systems are currently available for military personnel ranging from three and six modular glove systems to a Cold/Wet Glove system. While these are designed to protect soldiers' hands from cold/wet climates, the basic system designs make them too bulky and cumbersome to provide the tactility and dexterity required in many military applications, including rappelling, fast-roping, and operating a weapon. Nor are existing systems designed to provide hand protection to -40 F. as required in this soliciation. Kreamer Sports manufacturers heated outdoor sportswear, including heated fingered and hooded fingered gloves, that utilize the latest state-of-the-art in conductive fabrics powered by several battery applications. The objective of the proposed work is to evaluate the newest advancements in thermal insulators, conductive heating materials, and heat transferring materials. Working on the body of research already performed by Kreamer Sports, we intend to produce data on new and innovative methods of heat generation and distribution. Our emphasis will be on advancing the viability of carbon/conductive materials to provide the desired extreme temperature performance while greatly improving the dexterity and tactility of current military hand-wear systems, at the same time investigating and analyzing the potential for other commercial and military applications. |
| OUTDOOR RESEARCH
2203 1st Avenue South Seattle, WA 98134 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 467-8197
Dr. Ron Gregg SOCOM 00-001 |
| Title: | Extreme Environment Hand-Wear system |
| Abstract: | The characteristics of materials and designs suitable for an Extreme Environment Handwear System that will meet the requirements of the Special Operations Forces will be quantified. Materials that appear most suitable will be obtained and tested utilizing ASTM tests and tests developed around specific SOF tasks. Current handwear will be surveyed, and those possessing design, materials or construction elements that appear promising will be selected. These, and current SOF handwear, will be subjected to extensive lab and field testing based on SOF requirements. Design elements that appear most promising, and new design concepts that emerge from these tests, will be selected for study. Advanced design concepts in ergonomics, modularity, system integrations, heat transfer, etc will be conceptualized and investigated. Promising construction techniques, including sewing, RF welding, gluing, etc. will be investigated. Prototype handwear systems that incorporate the most promising materials, construction techniques, and design elements will be constructed. These prototype handwear systems will be subjected to thorough lab and field testing to establish environmental and ergonomic performance and to provide a qualitative assessment of their compatibility with SOF mission-essential tasks. Based on these designs and results, recommendations will be made to USSOCOM for Phase II designs. |
| FIORE INDUSTRIES, INC.
5301 Central Ave., NE, Suite 9 P.O. Box 9243 Albuquerque, NM 87119 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 255-9797
Dr. Mark Clemen SOCOM 00-002 |
| Title: | RF Detector/Emitter |
| Abstract: | Fiore Industries Inc. has extensive experience in a wide variety of RF and high power microwave (HPM) technologies. Fiore proposes an explosive RF emitter that transmits a large RF pulse. Nearby receivers tuned to this waveform can be made very insensitive then to interfering signals. Fiore has a teaming agreement with the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology's (NMIMT) Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center (EMRTC), who will provide the explosives handling and testing expertise. EMRTC has been very helpful in developing this proposal. Fiore and EMRTC have identified three interesting options for addressing the customer requirements. These options are: one direct RF-generation mechanism integrated into the explosive, and two options for using a conventional RF transmitter. The feasibility of all options will be explored. One promising device design will be pursued in detail. |
| IDOLON TECHNOLOGIES
72 Stone Place Melrose, MA 02176 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 665-9200
Mr. George Hovorka SOCOM 00-002 |
| Title: | RF Detector/Emitter |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes a self-powered, lightweight, micro-sized device, which canactivate several in-line explosive charges by sympathetic detonation. The detonation is performed without the use of connecting cables or other wired systems. As a result, less weight must be carried by the operator and the time and complexity to set up multiple charges is greatly reduced. The object of Phase I is to determine the feasibility of a self-powered piezoelectric transmitter which utilizes a digitally coded, UHF signal to facilitate sympathetic detonation. The aim of the proposed program is to build a prototype unit and evaluate it under a variety of realistic detonation scenarios. |
| ZYBRON, INC.
3915 Germany Lane Beavercreek, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 427-2892
Dr. Evan Y. W. Zhang SOCOM 00-003 |
| Title: | High Performance Assault Zone Marking System |
| Abstract: | Special Operations Forces is looking for assault zone marking systems to facilitate instrument approaches of fixed and rotary wing aircraft under extremely low ceiling/visibility (LCN) conditions (200' ceiling/0.5 mile visibility). In this proposal, very innovative system and components designs are presented to fully realize above goal. Our innovations are: 1. Two lighting systems-ground lighting system (GLS) and a lighting system (ALS) are designed. The GLS is an active system using visible or invisible LED or LD to the ground marks. The ALS has no light from the ground marks, but has light from aircraft to illuminate the passive ground marks. One soldier can deploy and remove the assault zone marking system in a short time. 2. Parabolic LEDs and honeilluminator with projection lens are designed for ground or air lighting system. This inexpensive and totally eye-safe device can largely increase the illumination distance to illuminate an area of 30 M in a distance of 300 M with the use of off-the-shelf LLLCCD or I2 of Gen-III on the aircraft. 3. By using fibers to combine 40 PInGaAs laser dio together, a LD with CW output power of 15 W at eye-safe wavelength of 1.55 m has been achieved and can illuminate an area of 30 M in a distance of 300 M with the use of off-the-shelf uncooled InGaAs FPA. 4. simple variable focus projector head is designed to keep the same illuminating size in different distances thus the light will not be wasted. 5. A common aperture optical head is designed to let the FPA and L share the same lens and get the image from the same illuminating area. 6. An imaging laser ranger is designed by modulating the CW PInGaA laser or using eye-safe pulse laser Nd:YAG at 1.54 m to get the distance to the ground. This will be helpful to do instrument approach in harshest weather conditions. 7. Uncooled BST FPA in 1-35 m is ato get both active laser illuminated zone image and passive LIR zone image thus can do instrument approach with/without zone marks. 8. retroreflective paint, tape, or corner cube is used to largely increase the visibility of the zone mark for better instrument approach from longer distance in bad weather condition. |
| 21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC.
427 South 166th Street Omaha, NE 68118 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(402) 333-2992
Mr. Richard A. Flanagan SOCOM 00-004 |
| Title: | Assistant SOF Cross-country Route Planner |
| Abstract: | We propose agent technology for an innovative cross-country route planner (movement by foot or vehicles without using roads) for Special Operations Forces (SOF). SOF troops routinely carry heavy loads on cross-country routes with elevation gain and loss (both expend energy compared to level terrain). SOF troops on a clandestine mission cannot choose a route of "least resistance". Route may require traversing across an obstacle (swamp) also expending high amount of energy. There is no current planner that provides a cost function for SOF mission cross-country travel. Additionally, lack of planning time often constrains route selection. The agent assists the operator to evaluate potential routes for level of effort expended by foot troops. The agent searches databases and prepares map overlays for route elevation change (both ascent and descent), distance covered and time. The agent analyses energy expenditure for each troop, each day over the entire route. It evaluates the energy expenditure of obstacles in potential route that requires the troops to traverse (e.g., snow & ice fields, swamps). The agent works with the operator to develop a situation map showing other mission vital information (e.g., possible exposure to a threat, route safety issue) that will indicated in a pop-up window. Tailored versions will allow a range of operator displays from simple (e.g., 2D elevation profile and 2D route-of march using DTED and DFAD) to sophisticated 3D animation using the latest overhead SAR imagery. The architecture supports all phases of mission and training. |
| CRE, INC.
1600 Prince St. Ste. 613 Alexandria, VA 22314 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 299-0253
Mrs. Julia Desantis SOCOM 00-004 |
| Title: | SOF Ground Route Planner |
| Abstract: | The SOF Ground Route Planner Phase I project is a feasible effort to start an effective program for fielding a ground route planning application for SOF forces. The project provides operational and technical requirements definition, prototype development, and prototype validation. The SOF Ground Route Planner integrates work, time, and risk algorithm onto multiple mapping systems and DII/COE data sources. |
| PATHFINDER SYSTEMS, INC.
200 Union Blvd., Suite 221 Lakewood, CO 80228 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 763-8660
Mrs. Sheila Jaszlics SOCOM 00-004 |
| Title: | "SOF TRAK - Route Planning System for Special Operations Forces" |
| Abstract: | The six month effort will develop a Preliminary Design for a Phase II route planning system, for ground, cross-country movement planning tailored to meet the requirements of Special Operations Forces (SOF) personnel. This route planner will be called SOF TRAK. The system will incorporate the use of Pathfinder's efficient route searching techniques, to develop a set of routes for a given SOF mission. The system will display these routes to the user in a simple and intuitive manner, to allow the user for select a route that best fits mission needs. The effort includes the implementation of a SOF TRAK Concept Demonstrator, hosted on a palm-size PC, which demonstrates the key technologies of the proposed system. At the end of the effort, SOF personnel will be able to use the Concept Demonstrator in the field, and in a garrison setting, to further define the requirements for a route planning system that can meet the unique requirements of USSOCOM. |
| MESOSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
3200 George Washington Way Richland, WA 99352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(509) 375-1111
Yin-Fong Su CBD 00-101 |
| Title: | Miniaturized Sample Preparation Module |
| Abstract: | MesoSystems Technology, Inc. (MesoSystems) proposes to design and build an integrated mesofluidic-based biosensor system to sample and detect pathogens from air and soil. The air sampling pathogen detection system will incorporate a MesoSystems miniature rotating arm aerosol collector that concentrates bio-aerosols into water. The resulting fluid samples, containing the collected bio-aerosols, are sent to a combined pathogen bead concentrator and lysis device. The fluid is minimized by passing the sample through an acoustic concentrator, and conveyed to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thermal cycler. After DNA amplification, the labeled sample fluoresces and the intensity is correlated with concentration. This miniaturized bio-detector approach serves as an example of the types of biological warfare (BW) detectors now emerging for military use. We propose a compact, lightweight, BW detector system with fluidic interconnections at a scale somewhat larger than microfluidic. Benefits include a product that is rugged for use in battlefield conditions and that is simple to use by soldiers under duress for BW detection. |
| Q PEAK, INC.
135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-9535
Yelena Isyanova CBD 00-102 |
| Title: | High-Pulse-Rate IR Source for Improved DIAL Sensitivity |
| Abstract: | Q-Peak, Inc. proposes to develop a broadly tunable, 10-W-average-power IR source suitable for use as a DIAL system transmitter and based on the combination of a Nd-doped pulsed pump laser and optical parametric oscillators (OPO). The laser source, a compact, diode-pumped, 1-2-kHz pulse-repetition-rate, Q-switched Nd:YLF laser, will pump a tandem OPO system consisting of an angle-tuned, 3-5 micron KTA OPO, and a pump-tuned, 8-12 micron CdSe OPO pumped by the KTA OPO idler. Diode-pumping and nonlinear conversion will substantially increase the efficiency of the proposed source whereas high pulse rates and fast wavelength switching will allow the possibility of reducing the data acquisition time. The Phase I effort will demonstrate a laboratory breadboard 2.5-5 W IR transmitter and develop a design for a higher-efficiency 10-W, 3-12 micron tuning range IR-source. The proposed IR Laser Source will enhance sensitivity of standoff chemical and biological detection by utilizing a high repetition rate laser source that will allow for the possibility of reducing the data acquisition time. In the commercial sector the applications include wide-area pollution monitoring, process control and general scientific investigations. |
| SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CORP.
10 Basil Sawyer Drive Hampton, VA 23666 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 766-5822
George M. Wood CBD 00-102 |
| Title: | Improved Sensitivity for LIDAR BasedChemical and Biological Standoff Detection |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to quantitatively enhance the sensitivity of Carbon Dioxide lasers used in the standoff detection of Chemical and Biological agents. This improvement will derive primarily from the development and implementation of algorithms to enhance the real time detection of weak signals using a combination of noise removal, deconvolution, and correlation methods. Additionally, an ambient temperature catalyst developed specifically for stabilizing laser power, enabeling increased operational pulse rates, and extending laser lifetime will be incorporated into the TEA LIDAR Lasers to further improve signal detection capability. The sucessful completion of this research will significantly enhance the ability to detect trace quantities of specified species in real time without major modification to the basic LIDAR technology.It is anticipated that the primary users will be DoD, other Government Agencies such as EPA and FEMA, and local law enforcement, and environmental monitoring departments.STC will, nevertheless, develop the algorithms and catalyst recycling systems in a manner that will effect efficient application to existing and to newly developed systems. |
| QUANTUM MAGNETICS, INC.
7740 Kenamar Ct. San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 566-9200
Hector Robert CBD 00-103 |
| Title: | Detection of BW Agents using Quadrupole Resonance Technology |
| Abstract: | Biological warfare agents are a serious and growing threat facing many nations. Because of the ever-present possibility for the use of these agents against civilians, a need exists to detect the contraband and identify such agents. Quantum Magnetics is proposing a new technology to detect contraband of biological warfare (BW) agents concealed in baggage, cargoes, and packages. The proposed detection and identification system is based on Quadrupole Resonance (QR) technology recently developed for detection of explosives, narcotics, and landmines. The state-of-the-art QR sensors allow for quick detection of explosives with short scanning time, high probability of detection, and low probability of false alarms. The objective in Phase I of this project is to evaluate the feasibility to detect small quantities of BW agents using QR sensors. Laboratory tests will be carried out to characterize the signatures of BW simulants, and we will predict the performance of large volume scanners. If Phase I is successful, in the Phase I Option period we will design a prototype of a QR detection system for detection of bacterial spores concealed in baggage or packages. In Phase II we will build the system to demonstrate detection of threat quantities of bacterial spores. The development of BW screening system based on QR technology will provide a reliable and low-cost protection against BW agents. Detection of contraband of BW agents will enhance significantly the defense against this threat. QR-based baggage scanners are easy to operate, require minimum operator training, and provide security in manner that is non-intrusive and safe. Detection of BW agents by QR can be integrated with explosive detection scanners to provide a more complete and powerful protection system. |
| EIC LABORATORIES, INC.
111 Downey Street Norwood, MA 02062 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 769-9450
Kevin M. Spencer CBD 00-105 |
| Title: | An Advanced SERS Water Monitor for Chemical and Biological Analytes |
| Abstract: | The Joint Service Agent Water Monitor (JSAWM) has several very challenging operational requirements for detecting and monitoring chemical and biological warfare (CBW) contaminants in military water supplies. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) can provide highly specific spectroscopic "fingerprints" of molecules adsorbed onto certain roughened metal surfaces. Recent results at EIC and elsewhere indicate that SERS can be used for ppb level down to single molecule detection, that it can be used to identify chemicals in complex mixtures, and that it can also be used to detect and differentiate bacteria. The overall goal of this program is to develop portable SERS modules that take advantage of these capabilities, leading to a truly universal JSAWM instrument. Phase I will seek to determine the analytical figures of merit of SERS, comparing several types of SERS substrates with respect to detection of characteristic chemical and biological agent analogs in water. A Phase I goal is to demonstrate the required detection limits of at least two CBW analytes. The military has a requirement for >20,000 JSAWM installations. Even larger markets exist for on-line and batch-type government, municipal and industrial water pollution control systems. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Erik Handy CBD 00-105 |
| Title: | Hand-Held RCC Chemical Agent Water Monitor |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems, Inc. proposes a novel sensor system for rapid detection of water-borne nerve, blister, and blood-poisoning chemical warfare agents (CWA's). Central to Triton's innovation is a "reactive chemical-cascade" (RCC) detection process, whereby single CWA molecules elicit multiple responses from an array of unique polymeric sensing elements. The RCC process allows us to approach detection of CWA's present at parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels. The Triton sensor is portable, inherently safe, and unlike many conventional sensors, utilizes only inexpensive, low-voltage, non-radioactive components. As such, this technology module is readily-integrated into larger, more comprehensive environmental monitoring units. On Phase I, Triton will fabricate sensing elements to demonstrate aqueous CWA simulant/derivative detection at low levels. On the Phase I Option, the RCC sensor device architecture will be optimized to approach detection in the ppt range. On Phase II, Triton will integrate the optimized sensor array with pattern-recognition software and readout hardware in a developmental prototype, which would be packaged and made field-ready in a Phase III commercialization effort. There is a large commercial market for water-based sensors that afford real-time detection of CWA's. Triton's "chemical cascade" sensor has dual use in both demilitarization/ CWA treaty verification and municipal/commercial water supply quality assurance applications. The proposed technology also lends itself well to liquid-phase detection of non-warfare-related chemicals, as in on-line monitoring of industrial chemical reactions and processing. On-line monitoring with the Triton sensor is more cost- and time-effective than post-processing analysis. The Triton sensor technology can be further extended to the implantable medical device market for in vivo chemical monitoring at low concentrations. |
| MESOSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
3200 George Washington Way Richland, WA 99352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(509) 375-1111
Yin-Fong Su CBD 00-106 |
| Title: | Development of a Miniaturized Biological Detector |
| Abstract: | The proposed approach is to miniaturize a biological detector by: ú Capturing aerosols using a micromachined virtual impactor collector or MesoVICTM to deposit them on a tape surface for subsequent analysis. The amount of power consumed (100 liters of air/15 watts) with a collection efficiency found to be greater than 90% for particles larger than 1 micron is unparalleled performance. The minimization of consumable liquids in the collector is accomplished by dry sampling onto a tape. ú This biosensor will utilize an ionized gas or plasma lysis stage to open cell and spore membranes. ú The biological sensor approach is based on recent developments by JHU-APL to produce a miniature matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometer that rapidly (< 1 minute per sample) identifies bacteria and spores by comparison of pure cultures and simple microbial mixtures against a library of known MALDI spectra. ú The data along with GPS information will be relayed by RF means. This biological aerosol concentrating device will be coupled with the vapor concentrator (CBD00-107) to achieve a complete chemical and biological detector. the focus of this project is to integrate a miniature sampling system that can concentrated hazardous biologival particulate from air and rapidly identify the pathogens. These miniature samplers will be integrated into the JHU-APL MALDI mass spectrometer to provide rapid identification in a small package. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4276
Mark Jones CBD 00-107 |
| Title: | Field-Deployable Chemical Point Detection Network |
| Abstract: | According to the 1999 Department of Defense Nuclear/Biological/Chemical Annual Report to Congress, "The number of nations with chemical and biological weapons (CBW) capabilities is increasing. Similarly, the sophistication of CBW capabilities is increasing. Proliferation of weapons technology, precision navigation technology, nuclear (medical, power, and industrial applications), and CBW technology to developing nations presents the United States with a complicated national security challenge." To counter the threat of chemical weapons, rapid, miniature, field deployable, detection capabilities are required. During this Phase I program, Luna Innovations, formerly F&S, Inc., and its partners propose to develop a field deployable miniature ultrasensitive system capable of chemical/biological (CB) agent detection. The Luna system will detect chemicals, such as paraoxon, a model for organophosphates like Sarin, VX, and Tabun. Through prior funding, Luna has made breakthroughs in the development of a miniature, low power, wireless, support system and patented long period grating (LPG) technologies using affinity coatings for detection of biological and chemical targets. This program will focus on integrating the LPG with a wireless support system and a commercially available microfluidic sampling system. The Luna team is both qualified and motivated to build upon their combined demonstrated abilities to develop and commercialize this revolutionary technology. Research concerning field deployable chemical/biological agent detection system will yield high-resolution, low-cost, multi compound, affinity systems for applications in 1) chemical/biological agent detection 2) drinking and wastewater monitoring, 3) large-scale, high-speed testing in the medical field, 4) chemical analysis, and 5) intelligent process monitoring of advanced materials. |
| OPTIMETRICS, INC.
3115 Professional Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48104 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 893-9714
C. Parker Ferguson CBD 00-108 |
| Title: | Chemical Immobilizing Agents for Non-Lethal Applications |
| Abstract: | A program is proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of innovative safe and reliable chemical immobilizing agent(s) for use in non-lethal applications for military and law enforcement situations. Previous approaches to this problem were deficient in one or more technical aspects such as low safety ratios or inadequate performance characteristics. This program will lead to a capability that does not currently exist. Various elements of DoD have expressed interest in obtaining such a capability over the years. Recent studies suggest three new agent combinations with potential for meeting user objectives. Phase I studies will consist of a Front End Analysis comprising the following elements: review existing data on the candidate agents; define scenarios of use and operational parameters; conduct range finding toxicological animal tests, and correlate results with those from previous studies. The purpose of the FEA is to determine feasibility for one or more candidates as immobilizing agents. Phase II will include human volunteer studies to correlate various physiological parameters by specific routes of administration (intramuscular and inhalation) with results from animal studies, and development of agent delivery systems. For many years national, state, and local law enforcement agencies have desired non-lethal alternatives to guns, bullets, and clubs. Success in this effort will provide enormous potential benefit to both U.S. and foreign law enforcement organizations. |
| ICET, INC.
916 Pleasant St., Unit 12 Norwood, MA 02062 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 769-6064
Shantha Sarangapani CBD 00-109 |
| Title: | A Novel Composite Fabric for CBW Deactivation and Protection |
| Abstract: | We are proposing a nanocomposite, microporous membrane -fabric laminate with " in situ" CBW agent deactivating properties. ICET Inc has developed certain formulations with metals and stable organic compounds that show excellent biocidal activities. Our preliminary work has also shown good promise of producing a microporous membrane incorporating biocidal and chemical agent deactivating fillers. Such a membrane shows the required high moisture permeation rate while completely blocking organic simulants such as TCE and DCP. The composite membrane is flexible, thin ( 2-4mils) and very tough. During this phase I we will also examine the incorporation of the same "active" formulations onto the shell fabric by novel methods. We plan to characterize the biocidal, virucidal and sporicidal properties of the fabric and the membrane and test the permeation characteristics of the membrane as well towards water vapor and chemical agent simulants. The custom fabric/membrane laminates will be subjected to a battery of tests involving live agents and chemical agents during the phase I option period. The kinetics of hydrolysis or deactivation of CW agents and the "kill rate" of bacterial endospores and bacterial viral species will be demonstrated. Extensive non-military applications of this thin membrane which can be laminated between a variety of special fabrics, offering an invisible sheild against toxic vapors and germs are imminent. Examples are tents, boots, respirators, hospital masks, garments for HAZ-Mat operations, and suits. |
| TDA RESEARCH, INC.
12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 940-2317
Silvia D. Luebben CBD 00-110 |
| Title: | A Rubber Nanocomposite for Chemical Protective Gloves |
| Abstract: | Many military agencies use butyl rubber gloves for handling chemical warfare (CW) agents. Butyl rubber has outstanding barrier properties against polar chemicals but readily swells in hydrocarbons, aromatic solvents, oils, and greases. Moreover, butyl rubber is very flammable. Most butyl rubber gloves are produced by solvent dipping, an expensive and pollution-creating method. The Joint Chemical and Biological Defense is interested in a new material to replace butyl rubber for the production of chemical protective gloves without the use of organic solvents. TDA proposes to develop a rubber nanocomposite to replace butyl rubber in chemical protective gloves. The rubber matrix of the composite will be a commercially available latex, and the nano-sized filler will be a proprietary reactive organic-inorganic hybrid developed at TDA. The new nanocomposite is expected to match the CW agent resistance of butyl rubber, and have better mechanical properties and higher resistance to non-polar organic solvents. TDA rubber nanocomposite will be processed by latex dipping, a solventless process, and will have excellent fire retardant properties. TDA's rubber nanocomposite will have a wider spectrum of application than today's rubbers in terms of fluid resistance. Moreover, it will be processed by latex dipping rather than solvent dipping. Becuase of these advantages, we expect TDA's material to replace butyl rubber in military and civil protective clothing . Other possible applications include seals, O-rings, oil field parts, diaphragms, belts, wire cable insulation, hoses, footwear soles, pharmaceutical closures, bottles, bladders, and liquid containers. |
| MATTEK CORP.
200 Homer Ave Ashland, MA 01721 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 881-6771
Patrick Hayden CBD 00-113 |
| Title: | Development Of Human Skin Model For Sulfur Mustard Research |
| Abstract: | Chemical warfare agents such as bis-(b-chloroethyl) sulfide (HD) pose a significant threat to U.S military and civilian populations. Exposure of skin to HD causes burn-like symptoms such as erythema, edema and severe vesication (blistering). To combat this threat, prophylactic and/or therapeutic interventions to HD exposure are needed. Development of such interventions requires an understanding of the mechanism of action of HD. However, a major impediment to understanding HD-induced pathogenesis is lack of an adequate experimental model of human skin. Since current models do not possess the appropriate attributes for HD research such as a complete basement membrane with dermal/epidermal adhesion structures, an in vitro human skin model for HD-related studies is needed. The purpose of the current proposal is to develop an in vitro human skin model suitable for HD research. The model will contain human keratinocytes and/or fibroblasts and will possess all morphological and ultrastructural features required for HD research. The model's response to HD or HD analogues will be investigated in terms of biochemical effects leading to blister formation. In Phase II, the model will be utilized to gain a mechanistic understanding of HD induced vesication and to investigate prophylactic and/or therapeutic interventions to HD exposure. In addition to providing a model which will greatly facilitate sulfur mustard vesication studies, this work will lead to a full thickness skin model which will allow the study of numerous dermis-based skin phenomena such as photoaging, photodamage, wound healing, and cancer progression. This improved tissue model will be useful to the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry in irritancy and efficacy testing of their new products. |
| NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP.
2620 Trade Center Avenue Longmont, CO 80503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 702-1672
Tapesh Yadav CBD 00-114 |
| Title: | Solventless Reactor for the Destruction of Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Materials |
| Abstract: | There is a need for a reliable technology to neutralize chemical warfare agents and toxic chemicals for both military and civilian applications given the increasing threat of chemical warfare by terrorists or accidental release of toxic chemicals. There is particular interest in technologies which can be used to neutralize containers or shells contaminated with chemical agents or toxic chemicals. Advances in metal oxide chemistry suggest that nanoparticulate metal oxides may be utilized for these purposes. Nanomaterials Research Corporation (NRC) will, during Phase I, develop nanoparticulates for the destruction of chemical warfare agents and demonstrate the proof-of-concept of a mobile reactor that can be used to treat contaminated containers or shells before relocation. Phase II will further develop, optimize and test the technology. Phase III will commercialize the technology. Potential applications include an effective and reliable neutralization of chemical agents and toxic chemicals after accidental or intentional release. Peace time military applications include benign storage and handling of chemicals. Commercial applications include neutralization of toxic chemical release and a technology for controlling contamination/hazards for occupational safety of production personnel. |
| NANTEK, INC.
1500 Hayes Drive Manhattan, KS 66502 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(785) 537-0179
Kenneth J. Klabunde CBD 00-114 |
| Title: | Chemical Destruction of Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Materials in a Mobile Solvent-free Reactor Based on Reactive Nanoparticle Technology |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase I proposal is to develop a solvent-free mobile reactor system capable of chemically destroying 4-6 L of chemical warfare agents and toxic materials. Nantek's reactive nanoparticle technology has demonstrated excellent results for ambient and elevated temperature decompositon of hazardous chemicals including warfare agents. Building on this research and success, Nantek proposes development of a closed-system reactor utilizing reactive nanoparticles as decomposition agents to address the need for a mobile, highly efficient decontamination system. During Phase I, Nantek will develop and optimize a laboratory-scale closed-system reactor based on its highly reactive nanoparticle materials for the complete destruction of a range of warfare agents including chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphorus compounds, and nerve and blistering agents. During Phase I, nanoparticle formulations will be identified and system conditions optimized to deliver complete (>99.99%) decomposition of mimics of warfare agents. In addition, a preliminary design of a full-scale reactor will be completed during Phase I. Follow-on research will focus on final design, optimization, and testing of a full scale prototype reactor with both mimics and actual warfare agents. Successful completion of this research will lead to the development of mobile reactor systems to address critical needs for the decomposition of hazardous chemicals in both military and civilian applications. Such a system could potentially provide on-site remediation of hazardous chemicals thereby limiting hazards associated with transport of highly toxic materials for off-site destruction or storage. |
| INNOVATIVE SURVIVABILITY TECHNOLOGIES
P.O. Box 1989 Santa Barbara, CA 93116 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 692-2505
Frank Swanson CBD 00-201 |
| Title: | Low Cost Projectile Dispersed Chemical Detector |
| Abstract: | Infrared spectroscopy is an accepted, high accuracy technique for measuring the concentrations of vapor species in the atmosphere. Large, heavy, expensive laboratory instruments use a grating to measure details of the absorption spectra. Commercial instruments use non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR) with two narrow line filters the concentration of one specific gas species. MEMS technology allows the combination of a light source, chopper, filter and detector into one chip for NDIR measurements, reducing parts count, cost, and complexity while increasing ruggedness and reliability. The transition of MEMS technology into the chemical detection arena represents a major advantage for remote sensing of the chemical environment for both DoD and commercial applications. Remote sensing is only good if it can be accomplished without jeopardizing personnel during placement of the sensors. This project not only demonstrates the feasibility of detecting chemical agents with a MEMS gas detector, but also presents a ruggedized design that can be used to place the detectors into a potential hostile environment by shooting them out of a 5-inch gun or 120mm mortar. These ruggedized chemical detectors can be used for a number of commercial applications as well as military. If for instance, there is a need to examine the environment around a hazardous chemical spill, these detectors can be launched into the area without jeapardizing personel and obtain information about the chemical toxins in that area. There are many other benefits that these types remote sensing can provide. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71, Etna Road Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Marc A. Kenton CBD 00-202 |
| Title: | Miniature Gas Sampling System for Chemical Monitors |
| Abstract: | Advancing the military's ability to counter chemical and biological threats represents an intense area of ongoing research and development. Substantial advances have been made in miniaturizing chemical and biological agent detectors and support electronics. By contrast, the associated gas sampling systems remain unacceptably large, heavy, and power-hungry. This situation compromises efforts to produce highly portable chemical dosimeter/detectors for personal and distributed area monitoring. Creare proposes to develop an advanced, compact gas sampling system as an enabling technology for the deployment of such monitoring devices. Phase I efforts will focus on a proof-of-concept demonstration of an innovative miniature air pump with maximum dimensions of 51x76x10 mm (2x3x3/8 in) and weighing less than 100 grams (3.5 oz.). Attributes of the proposed pump include high efficiency, non-pulsating flow, and extremely low noise and vibration. In Phase II, a prototype of a complete, optimized gas sampling system will be developed. This system will feature variable flow and pressure capabilities and integral flow switching valves. The proposed work plan benefits greatly from recent Creare work on miniature vacuum pumps and liquid pumps for terrestrial and space applications, as well as Creare's 20 year history of developing and building miniature turbo-pumps for NASA and DoD applications. Completion of this development project will facilitate the widespread use of personal chemical dosimeter/detectors among DoD components deployed in high risk areas. This will greatly improve the reliability of detection of chemical threats, particularly in situations where personnel are widely dispersed. Assessment of the severity of any personal exposure to chemical weapons will be rapid and highly accurate, such that appropriate protective measures can be employed in time to avoid debilitation and possible loss of life. Records of time-weighted exposure data will be invaluable for effective follow-up medical care and long term effects evaluations. Abundant commercial applications exist for an improved gas sampling system for portable analytical instruments including industrial dust and vapor monitors, gas chromatographs, mass spectrometers, etc. Effective industrial hygiene programs and studies of the personal effects of ambient air quality will be facilitated by the availability of sophisticated, self-contained "clip-on" monitoring devices. This DoD technology development will also have applications in hazardous gas monitors for firefighters, law enforcement officers and chemical hazard response teams. |
| MESOSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
3200 George Washington Way Richland, WA 99352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(509) 375-1111
Yin-Fong Su CBD 00-203 |
| Title: | Development of a Portable Aerosol Collector |
| Abstract: | MesoSystems Technology, Inc. proposes to design, build, and test a novel miniature electrical aerosol collector to capture particulate on miniature structures. The novel miniature electrical aerosol collector will sample large volumes of air to concentrate the biological entities onto an aerogel-coated microstructure surface using electrical and inertial forces. After the soldier's mission, the collection fluid is added either to: ú dissolve the aerogel and provide a biological sample or ú change the properties of the aerogel coating on the microstructure to release the biological material for detection. The coin-sized device draws air from a soldiers' surrounding environment with a battery-powered minimal power-consuming fan. The impaction efficiency of greater than 90% for particles onto the aerogel-coated microstructures was predicted by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling. While the impaction collection efficiency is expected to be large, the inclusion of electrical collection mechanisms allows for even higher capture efficiencies. These aerosols are charged (without lysing the cells or other biological entities) by an upstream innovative electrode design that simulates high frequency fields using a simple battery-powered low voltage approach. The microstructure approach to collection fabricated with microinjection manufacturing techniques allows a disposable device to be made with an exceptionally high collection efficiency. Rapid collection of aerosols of biological orogin from air for sample identification. |
| TECHNISPAN LLC
1133C Greenwood Road Pikesville, MD 21208 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 602-9007
Glenn E. Spangler CBD 00-204 |
| Title: | Ultra-fast Cemical Agent Detector with Fast Gas Chromatograph (CG) Analysis |
| Abstract: | An ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) with a discharge ionization source will be coupled to a gas chromatographic (GC) column for fast gas chromatograph analyses. Provide a fast GC/IMS capability with a selectivity better than GC or IMS alone. |
| INNOVATEK, INC.
350 Hills Street, Suite 104 Richland, WA 99352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(509) 375-1093
Patricia M. Irving CBD 00-205 |
| Title: | Cyclone Separator for Bioaerosol Sampling |
| Abstract: | InnovaTek proposes to design, fabricate, and test a particle separation system that uses cyclonic forces to separate and remove large particles from an airstream and concentrate small particles for sensor/detector technology. Our approach will use micro-fabrication and microfluidic techniques to accomplish the objectives. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling will be used to design a novel two-stage multi-cyclone system operating in parallel to achieve a high flow rate device that will separate particles at the desired size ranges. The capability to miniaturize systems provides a significant advantage in the development of aerosol separation technology by allowing the development of products that have low power requirements, are lightweight and portable. The results from this work will lead to a novel, portable, multi-functional device that is suitable for pathogen separation and collection in field situations. Threats from microorganisms in the air as a result of natural phenomena or human-induced activities such as terrorism cannot be adequately monitored and evaluated with current technology. Early warning, hazard recognition, personal protective equipment, exposure evaluation, and environmental monitoring are needed to prevent and reduce impacts from airborne infectious, toxic, or genetically modified material. Monitoring of air quality is an important public health need. Commercial success in meeting these needs depends on the development and demonstration of an inexpensive real time device that is small and uncomplicated from an operator's perspective. The proposed integrated device is expected to be in high demand from a wide variety of global scale markets, including defense markets and emerging commercial markets such as public health and food safety. |
| LYNNTECH, INC.
7610 Eastmark Drive, Suite 202 College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(409) 693-0017
Craig C. Andrews CBD 00-206 |
| Title: | Detection of Chemical and Biological Hazards in the Field |
| Abstract: | It is extremely difficult to detect and discriminate the presence of dangerous chemical and biological weapons in the field. The usual way to identify a biological or chemical threat is to manually sample the suspected material, transport it to a secure laboratory, and perform standard laboratory analysis. This is a dangerous, expensive, and time-consuming process. Technologies capable of identifying potentially hazardous biological entities in the field are needed urgently. This proposal concerns the development of a potable mass spectrometer unit that is uniquely able to detect both chemical and biological hazards. The benefit of this analytical method is that it can analyze substances directly i.e., there are no reagents involved. In addition, the method is rapid and automated. The Phase I approach is to integrate a new sample preparation method, combined with new chemometric software, into a self-contained potable mass spectrometer. Performance will be assessed using selected surrogates for both chemical and biological agents. Included in the study will be engineering factors related to safe operation without exposure of the operator to hazardous materials. Lynntech Inc., will provide all the skill sets required to carry out this project including: design and assembly of mass spectrometry hardware, testing using chemical and biological surrogates, and the use of chemical analysis software. The aim is to develop a mass spectrometry system in a final (pre-production) configuration by the completion of Phase II. As an existing manufacturer of analytical/electronic equipment, Lynntech, is well positioned to further commercialize the technology. The company has the capability to manufacture multiple production units at our in-house production facility. Lynntech's management team is experienced in obtaining private sector funding for further technology commercialization (e.g. through strategic partnerships). In addition to military uses, the resulting technology has numerous uses in the private sector including: monitoring industrial effluents, food safety analysis, medical diagnostics, and air quality monitoring, etc. |
| SCENTCZAR CORP.
213 Taylor Street Fredericksberg, VA 22405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 372-2004
Dr. Joseph E. Roehl CBD 00-207 |
| Title: | Miniature Passive Indicator (MPI) for MOPP Garment Degradation Indication |
| Abstract: | MOPP garments are designed to be permeable so that a soldier can operate effectively in MOPP gear while expending great energy over relatively long periods of time. Embedded charcoal systems are used to absorb chemical agents while allowing the garment to breathe. A major concern with these systems is that the charcoal will load with common battlefield materials and cease to be effective at absorbing chemical warfare agents. In addition it is possible for the MOPP ensemble to become physically damaged. Scentczar Corporation's Miniature Passive Indicator (MPI) will allow soldiers to check their MOPP ensemble for effectiveness periodically. The System will be packaged with the MOPP garments during manufacturing so that accidental degradation during storage can also be determined. When a soldier first unpacks the garment he/she can check it using the MPI already in the package and then periodically throughout the mission. Phase I of this study will modify a Scentczar developed passive indicator badge and reader system, already under development, for se in the Marine Corp application. Phase II will field an entire prototype system which will be tested in the field. he MPI will save military and commercial filtering system users significant amounts of money by allowing them to change out filters only when they are degraded rather than on a fixed time schedule. Example systems include gas mask filters, collective protection filters on ships and field shelters, and clean room filters. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Timothy J. Carrig CBD 00-301 |
| Title: | Compact, eyesafe, multi-function coherent lidar for discrimination of biological agents |
| Abstract: | A portable, eyesafe multi-spectral lidar system for remote detection and tracking of bioaerosol clouds is proposed. The sensor will provide volumetric range-resolved wind velocity and aerosol concentration measurements to ranges of several kilometers. The backbone of the sensor is a pulsed SWIR coherent Doppler lidar that has been demonstrated as able to detect and track bioaerosol simulant plumes. This existing technology will be augmented with the ability to transmit and receive arbitrarily polarized light to enable studies of the polarization properties of bioaerosol clouds. In Phase I, CTI will collect and review data regarding the polarization properties of bioaerosols. Sensor performance modeling will then be conducted to establish the sensitivity and spatial and temporal resolution capability of a polarization sensitive coherent transceiver. An existing 2 micron WindTracer lidar will then be modified to allow field validation of our model. A growth path to a frequency-agile MWIR-LWIR differential scattering (DISC) and differential absorption lidar (DIAL) will also be provided. This will provide additional ability to discriminate aerosol and tracer gas clouds. The proposed technology development path is aimed at the Phase II demonstration of a unique multi-function biosensor and the Phase III deployment of a compact, user-friendly groundbased or airborne multi-function chem/bio sensor. Applications include tactical surveillance for chem/bio defense, battlefield smoke and cloud transport and structure model development and validation, fence-line monitoring of industrial facilities, turbulence statistics and turbulent transport modeling for meteorological research, and airport terminal area weather surveillance. |
| SCHWARTZ ELECTRO-OPTICS, INC.
3404 N. Orange Blossom Trail Orlando, FL 32804 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 298-1802
Valey Kamalov CBD 00-301 |
| Title: | Discrimination of Biological Agents at Standoff Distances |
| Abstract: | During Phase I, SEO will carry out experimental measurements of backscattered light for aerosol cloud of Bacillus globigii (BG), growth media, and kaolin particles. First parameter to be evaluated is the depolarization ratio. The theoretical calculations support the possibility of discrimination of bioparticles based on polarization properties. Second parameter to be evaluated is a circular dichroism (CD) of backscattered signal. Technically, circular polarized (left/right) laser light will be transmitted to carry out those measurements. Backscattered light will be detected, and the ratio of signal intensities for left- and right-circular polarized excitation will be recorded. Third, we will measure an off-axis contribution into backscattering signal by varying the opening of the diaphragm in front of the detector. Here, we first have to find out, whether a multiple scattering will be reasonably high for the realistic concentration of bioparticles. If so, we will carry out an experimental measurements for the clouds and build a multiple scattering model to characterize and discriminate the biological particles. The goal of Phase I is to get solid experimental data for aerosol cloud of biological/nonbiological particles, and make a conclusion - which of proposed techniques (depolarization, CD, and off-axis) works best. Based on the best choice, SEO will design characteristics and project performance of eye-safe man portable lidar to be build during Phase II. The successful development of polarization and/or multiple scattering techniques for the discrimination of biological agents will reduce the probability of false alarm. |
| LYNNTECH, INC.
7610 Eastmark Drive, Suite 202 College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(409) 693-0017
Anthony Giletto CBD 00-302 |
| Title: | A Hand-Held, Lightweight, and Compact System for In-Flight Decontamination |
| Abstract: | The Air Force needs a hand-held, lightweight, and portable decontamination system that can efficiently decontaminate contaminated cargo and equipment in confined spaces during flight. Although many decontamination systems exist, no system meets all of the criteria of an ideal in-flight decontamination system. The ideal system would be one that easily dispenses a decontaminant that is capable of decontaminating all known stockpiled chemical and biological threats, compatible with cargo materials, safe to handle by the user, and environmentally friendly. Lynntech has developed an innovative reactive water-based formulation that can rapidly decontaminate HD, GB, and VX in minutes. The formulation is also very effective against an Anthrax spore surrogate. The formulation has undergone significant development in our laboratory over a period of three years and its capability to kill Anthrax spores is currently being evaluated. In this proposal, we propose to package the formulation into a foam that can be dispensed through a modified AFFF fire extinguisher. Although the technology incorporates some highly advanced chemical processes, we intend to exploit the fact that the formulation is remarkably simple to use. Chemical and biological decontamination technologies are requested by numerous entities including local law enforcement, customs agents, firefighters, and emergency medical response personnel. Thus, the technology has numerous non-military uses. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Bryan Koene CBD 00-303 |
| Title: | Flexible Chemical and Biological Agent Resistant Nanocomposite Materials for Mask Hoods and Water Containers |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems proposes to combine its innovative polymer-clay nanotechnology with chemically resistant polymers to develop revolutionary flexible nanocomposite materials that will provide significant performance improvements for chemical and biological (CB) defense gear such as mask hoods, mask components, and water Our innovative approach will produce materials for these applications that have superior CB resistance than the currently used materials to provide unilateral protection in support of our soldiers. This will allow a thinner barrier material to be used, reducing the weight of the components as well the cost. This proven nanotechnology has already shown increased chemical, flame, and abrasion resistance in various polymer matrices. containers. This successful Phase I will develop an enabling technology that will benefit many areas where chemical agent resistance and/or flammability are required. These materials may also be applied to other programs requiring protective clothing and gear such as firefighter or first response personnel. |
| ENTROPIC SYSTEMS, INC.
P.O. Box 397 Winchester, MA 01890 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 938-7588
Robert Kaiser CBD 00-304 |
| Title: | Open Wound Decontamination |
| Abstract: | The capability to decontaminate (preferably neutralize, but at least remove) chemical and biological agents in open-wounds of casualties is extremely valuable to the military. This capability will increase the safety and survivability of casualties and personnel in the course of medical treatment of casualties in an environment that is contaminated with chemical and/or biological threat agents, as well as allow medical personnel to more readily treat casualties in a safe and effective manner. The technology needs to be rapid but mild due to the sensitive nature of open-wounds. The decontamination of a patient with an open- wound is a multi-faceted problem that involves both personal decontamination by the wounded individual, and casualty decontamination by medical support personnel. The principal objectives of the proposed Phase I program are to: a. Demonstrate, with simulants, the feasibility of a novel method of decontaminating an open-wound that should be effective with a broad range of CWA, and that would be simple and light enough to be used as a method of personal decontamination. b. Develop a patient decontamination procedure that would be less time consuming, but just as safe, than the current method specified in Appendix C of FM 8-10-7. Personal Decontamination: The Phase I effort will provide the technical data needed to establish the viability of a novel means of personal decontamination that would be effective against a broad range of agents. This product offers many possibilities for improved wound treatment, not the least is the ability to adsorb therapeutic or bacteriostatic agents onto a material that otherwise would behave as a normal gauze bandage. Casualty Decontamination: The Phase I effort will provide the technical data needed to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of a proposed spray decontamination approach to the current method now being used. It will also provide a preliminary design of a prototype field decontamination module that would be built and tested in Phase II. Potential users of this equipment are projected to include hospitals, fire departments, and manufacturers and distributors of toxic chemicals |
| EARTHDATA INTERNATIONAL OF MARYLAND
45 West Watkins Mill Road Gaithersburg, MD 20878 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 334-1423
Charles Mondello NIMA 00-001 |
| Title: | Evaluating the Ability of Commercial Sensors to Satisfy Tactical Level, Geospatial Data Requirements in the Littoral Zone |
| Abstract: | In evaluating the ability of commercial sensors to satisfy tactical-level geospatial data requirements in the littoral zone, this response proposes to develop an empirical assessment of several emerging sensor systems and associated image-processing tools to characterize their ability to meet the U.S. Navy (USN) and U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) littoral warfare program data requirements. The systems to be evaluated include: ú GeoSAR X/P Band IFSAR ú Topographic and bathymetric LIDAR ú Digital cameras, including color, panchromatic, multispectral, and thermal ú Passive microwave radiometer Study results will be presented in a three-dimensional trade space of sensors, applications, and littoral zone characteristics. The ability to characterize the littoral zone through new remote-sensing tools will immediately benefit the military planner, or theater team, by providing better diagnoses of target regions. This study also will present a matrix of systems that will yield the optimum sensor suite for regional characterization. Commercial applications of these technologies will reach a diverse sector, from coastal and environmental site monitoring, to agriculture (lowlands, drainage), to forestry and forest characterization. |
| SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC.
99 South Bedford Street, Suite 7 Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-4770
Alexander Berk NIMA 00-001 |
| Title: | A 3D Hyperspectral Imagery Simulation Test Bed for the Littoral Zone |
| Abstract: | Remote sensing of the ocean-land interface, the littoral zone, is a valuable source of information supporting military and commercial applications, such as Littoral Warfare Data (LWD) for amphibious assaults and fish habitat monitoring in coastal waters. The quality of the retrieved information depends critically on the accuracy of the atmospheric correction and the surface/material identification and feature/object extraction algorithms. This proposal addresses the need for an accurate, robust, and efficient means for algorithm development and validation for littoral zone applications. We propose a high fidelity hyperspectral image simulation test bed for VIS-NIR (400-2500nm) sensors tailored to the littoral zone, dubbed SHALLOWS (Synthetic Hypercubes for Amphibious Littoral Landings with Objects under Water Simulation). The Phase I objectives include: (1) extending a 3D Monte Carlo land surface simulation model into the littoral zone, (2) validating against 1D models, (3) a feasibility demonstration simulation for a littoral zone scenario including submerged objects, and (4) developing a littoral zone atmospheric correction approach. In Phase II, advanced versions of the simulation and atmospheric correction algorithms will be developed, coded into versatile software packages, and applied to analysis of commercial satellite littoral zone imagery with an emphasis on LWD information extraction. We envision two commercial software products resulting from this effort, one for simulation of airborne and satellite-based panchromatic, multi and hyperspectral VIS-NIR imagery of the littoral zone, and the other for littoral zone atmospheric correction and surface, feature, and object extraction and identification. Both products will address military and commercial market needs for user-friendly analyst-oriented and fully automated software packages that facilitate the analysis of VIS-NIR imagery. The range of applications is extensive; a few examples include mission planning for amphibious assaults, battlefield surveillance, target detection and identification, technical intelligence, pollutant monitoring of coastal regions and inland waters, monitoring of fish habitats, and damage assessment from coastal storms. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dan L. Grecu NIMA 00-002 |
| Title: | Agent for Intelligent Analysis Support |
| Abstract: | Intelligence analysts have to respond to the information needs of commanders and decision makers leading military forces into potential engagements in a diversity of scenarios and in a large variety of geographical, political and social contexts. For NIMA this task requires the semantic integration of the imagery and geospatial analysis with large and diverse data repositories and real-time information. To support this information retrieval and integration process we propose the development of an Agent for Intelligent Analysis Support. The agent will assist analysts by semantically representing the context of the analysis problem and using it to support the intelligent information retrieval process. The agent will also amplify the information retrieval process by using domain ontologies, and will suggest additional information sources based on semantic associations with the problem context. The proposed approach will enable imagery and geospatial analysts to respond to queries anchored in the semantics of concrete tactical situations, and to complete their responses with data and knowledge available from intelligence channels, technical databases, and electronic knowledge repositories. The development effort will comply with DII-COE standards and integrate with the toolsets that are currently part of the United States Imagery & Geospatial Information Systems framework. The proposed effort has significant potential aplications, both as a technology and as an end-product. As a technology the approach will provide tools for context-based semantic information retrieval from real-time information streams and repositories, in response to the decision-makers increasingly complex information needs. Candidate domains range from command and control centers, to market analysis, and to assessment in complex medical domains. As an end-product, the associated knowledge engineering tools will support on-going DoD efforts to develop multi-domain collections of knowledge bases, analysis and reasoning tools, that will enable the warfighter to take rapid, and informed decisions in complex, real-time situations. |
| LYNNE GILFILLAN ASSOC., INC.
12150 Monument Drive, Suite 30 Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 293-2373
Jeffrey Coble NIMA 00-002 |
| Title: | Intelligent Software Agents in Distributed Information Environments |
| Abstract: | LGA proposes to create an Intelligent Agent Environment (IAE) that, when deployed with a smart, collaboratory, portal application (e.g., LGA's WhereWeWork) would make available to the NIMA analysts the following capabilities: transparent, user-directed access to heterogeneous data sources via a semantically-smart search and query engine; automatic updating of searches results; the flexibility to organize information in ways useful for analysis; easy sharing of information with colleagues; agent directed or mediated searches that find and display information for the analyst on the basis of the tasks being performed (i.e. information push); tools to support the analytical process (e.g., what would an expert do next), and prompts for other appropriate actions (e.g., initiating a tasking request.). The IAE provides the analyst with a virtual "master sergeant", who knows the ropes, is familiar with the data sources, knows how information should be processed before the analyst sees it, knows who else is working similar tasks or domains, and promptly advises the analyst of any information of interest, and suggests appropriate actions. Moreover, the "master sergeant" learns about the analyst's tasks and preferences, and so can provide more relevant and appropriate information over time. The "master sergeant becomes, in effect, the institutional memory. The Intelligent Agent Environment (IAE) should reduce the amount of time and effort spent on searching for the right information, and allow the analyst to concentrate on the analytic tasks at hand. Because the agents learn as they go, they become advisors to their analysts, and embody the institutional memory on certain tasks. The proposed architecture for IAE will allow the system to be customized for a variety of task domains, including, but not limited to law, law enforcement, medicine, and scientific research of many kinds. |
| DTAI, INC.
2815 Camino del Rio South, Third Floor, Suite 300 San Diego, CA 92108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 542-1700
William J. Lansing NIMA 00-003 |
| Title: | Database Designs for Spatio-Temporal Reasoning |
| Abstract: | The Phase I effort will investigate the design space for databases that represent and support reasoning with geospatial entities which are located in time and all three spatial dimensions, with related non-spatial data, and with properties of changing objects and their relationships with each other and with the natural shape of the earth's surface. The effort will consider recent results in the areas of constraint databases, knowledge bases and description logics, spatial reasoning, and temporal reasoning, with an emphasis on working prototype systems. In addition, consideration will be given to work on uncertain and inconsistent spatio-temporal information. The anticipated benefits are the development of the capability to integrate results from different research and technology areas in order to enable a database design which will provide analysts and decision makers with enhanced access to complex geospatial and related data, and afford completely new methods for querying that data. Potential commercial applications include all corporate operations that need enhanced access and querying capability to such data. |
| INFORMATION EXTRACTION & TRANSPORT
1911 N. Ft. Myer Drive, Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22209 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 841-3500
Ed Wright NIMA 00-003 |
| Title: | A Computational Hypothesis Space for Geospatial Information |
| Abstract: | This research will develop a revolutionary advance in database concepts for geospatial information that will support future intelligence analysts in providing responsive support to military operations. The concept will provide a computational hypothesis space that provides capabilities for advanced reasoning about features distributed in time and space based on diverse sources of information. The proposed capability will support today's intelligence analyst with the challenging task of providing responsive support to military operations. When a crisis arises suddenly in an area of the world where little initial data is available, the capability will provide rapid access to imagery, spatial data, text, and intelligence reports from diverse heterogeneous sources with wide variations in currency and quality. Over time, as crisis develop, a vast amount of current and detailed data is continuously collected and generated by a wide range of sensors and production systems. The proposed database architecture will also provide capabilities to correlate and fuse all of this information so analysts can reason about the military situation and provide a high level of support to commander's operational requirements. The revolutionary database concepts developed under this research will support advanced reasoning with geospatial information in a wide range of military and civilian problem domains. Applications include intelligence analysis, operational planing, resource management and exploration, and transportation and urban planning. |