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DoD SBIR FY00.2 - SOLICITATION SELECTIONS w/ ABSTRACTS Army - Navy - DARPA - OSD - SOCOM |
| ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(952) 829-5864
Jordan C. Bonney ARMY 00- |
| Title: | Determination of Distributed Modeling System Interoperability |
| Abstract: | This proposal suggests an approach for determining interoperability between disparate distributed modeling and simulation software. The approach is based on the network-level analysis of the information sent between the constituent hosts of the distributed simulation and modeling systems, developer-provided descriptions of data format, and research into an information ontology that can help define the commonality between the disparate systems. Software that can successfully ascertain the interoperability between simulation systems can be used to dramatically reduce the time required to integrate disparate systems. The integration time is reduced because the system integrators can quickly determine what data can be interchanged, the format of the interchanged data, and data timing. Beyond simulation systems, such a tool can be used to assess the interoperability of any disparate distributed systems. Automating system interoperability is a powerful tool for system integrators. |
| ELO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2443 208th St. Unit E4 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 782-8314
Luan Vo ARMY 00- |
| Title: | Epitaxial Liftoff for Laser Integration onto Silicon |
| Abstract: | The Epitaxial Liftoff (ELO) Packaging Process for integration of optoelectronic devices onto silicon-based circuitry allows for optimized device performance of dissimilar materials, such as CMOS and III-V laser systems, since the liftoff optoelectronic device structure is grown on its native substrate. In comparison, other proposed techniques, such as wafer bonding and direct grown of crystalline epitaxial multilayers on a dissimilar lattice constant substrate, have very challenging problems with large dislocation densities and thermal stresses. The liftoff optoelectronic and the silicon electronic devices can be processed separately prior to bonding, in a fashion not constrained by the presence of the other. This technique is particularly attractive for low cost, high yield, high reliability, and high performance integrated optical interconnects. Integrating the ELO laser structures on top of CMOS integrated circuits will enable cost-effective and space saving packaging optical interconnection for high data rate communication. The optical interconnects will reduce planar metal interconnects and input/output bottlenecks, thereby, increasing overall processing speed and reducing packaging dimensions significantly. In addition, optical interconnects also reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to conventional metal interconnect and wire bonds. Integrating the ELO laser structures on top of CMOS integrated circuits will enable cost-effective and space saving packaging optical interconnection for high data rate communication. |
| CAE SOLUTIONS CORP.
40935 Camero Place Fremont, CA 94539 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 226-6021
Mr. Douglas Stillman ARMY 00-001 |
| Title: | Software System for Advanced Warhead Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)/Computer Aided Design (CAD) |
| Abstract: | Advanced EFP warheads provide a number of modeling challenges that must be handled well to make designs feasible, but are very difficult to accomplish with current state of the art general purpose solver technology. A new modular, object oriented hydrocode system including graphical interfaces and optimizers has been developed using the Java programming language. Testing indicates that its performance is similar to existing packages, but the object oriented design of the coding permits it to be adapted and extended at rates that are more than an order of magnitude faster than traditional hydrocode systems. The Java based graphical interfaces are also easily adapted to provide exactly what is needed for a particular design problem, thus, providing enormous benefits to users in terms of faster learning and much less time spent on the warhead design process. Additional modules will be developed in this effort to provide support for advanced EFP designs. The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the usage of non-linear finite elements and hydrocodes for many different kinds of design activities. Much of this increase in use has been the result of rapidly decreasing in computing costs. Over the past two years, however, the computing costs have dropped to a level that is less than the cost of a specialized engineer to run these systems. Thus, the emphasis in mechanical simulation technology must necessarily be shifted from the traditional one of high performance computing oriented products to one of more user friendly and intelligent systems. A separate problem is that non-linear finite element software simply cannot address all of the problems presented by engineering. Thus, today's software is both too complex and frequently inadequate for a given systems' unique needs. Another complication is that the time necessary to train an engineer to properly use the general purpose software systems if frequently greater than the average time he is likely to stay at a company. The software system developed under this contract is being done using the Java programming language which represents a major change from the traditional usage of Fortran. A modern object oriented programming structure for the system is used which allows numerical methods that are ideally suited to mechanical design problems to be implemented along with appropriate graphical user interfaces. Testing has shown that newer releases of Java are only slightly slower than Fortran for scientific programming. Most specific problem classes, however, have properties that can be exploited to make the Java based simulations even faster than the general purpose Fortran systems. With an object oriented modeling system, it is possible to produce better and faster simulations and designs at lower overall cost, including the customization of the software system. A final benefit of the system is that the Java language provides immediate access to standardized interfaces for a variety of technologies which are taken for granted in consumer software, but largely absent from mechanical engineering software. The most important of these are internet technologies, database interfaces and multimedia. A proper exploitation of these capabilities will provide productivity improvements to engineers for a long time to come. |
| NOVA R&D, INC.
1525 Third St., Suite C Riverside, CA 92507 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(909) 781-7332
Dr. Martin Clajus ARMY 00-002 |
| Title: | Development of Polarization Free CdZnTe Detector Arrays for Ultra-Fast Hyperspectral X-Ray Imaging |
| Abstract: | X-ray imaging has become an essential tool in various medical, industrial, and military applications. In its most advanced form, this method combines the shape information obtained in the imaging process with spectral information obtained by measuring the attenuation of the x-rays at different energies. Immediate discernment of material composition defects and anomalies at production rates in all kinds of products requires fast imaging. Therefore, ultra-fast hyperspectral imaging will be an important next step in this field. CdZnTe is the detector of choice at present for hyperspectral imaging because it works at room temperature with excellent energy resolution and it has a large atomic number (Z), which is essential for high sensitivity detection of x-rays. However, polarization in these detectors at high x-ray rates is hampering the application of CdZnTe to hyperspectral imaging. We propose to study this effect in CdZnTe detector arrays and develop polarization free detector arrays for room temperature ultra-fast hyperspectral x-ray imaging. Commercial Applications: The first application we propose is for automatic baggage inspection for contraband such as explosives, agricultural products, drugs and currency. Today, baggage inspection is limited to transmission/absorption image reconstruction. To detect, identify, characterize and quantify the various items, the system must also be able to detect and quantify the energies of the characteristic x-rays that are produced by the items in the bag, box or container. Federal Government Use: High-quality, CZT-based, detection systems can be used by both government and industry. Baggage inspection is a prime example of government use. Other applications, such as the medical and industrial imaging, are also of major interest to federal, state, and local government agencies. Therefore, the government sector can be a major market for the proposed detector system. |
| RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC.
44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 926-1167
Dr. Gerald Entine ARMY 00-002 |
| Title: | CZT Arrays for Ultra-fast X-ray Imaging |
| Abstract: | Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) is the room temperature x-ray detector of choice for non-destructive imaging applications. Monolithic arrays with high count rate capability (> 1 x 106 counts/pixel) are required for ultra-fast hyperspectral x-ray imaging. Presently, the yield of CZT arrays which can perform hyperspectral imaging in milliseconds, is very low. Most monolithic arrays suffer from "polarization" when exposed to high flux levels (> 106 photons/sec-mm2) which are required for rapid imaging. Polarization is manifest as a leveling off or reduction in count rate when incident flux is increased beyond a certain level. The goal of this Phase I program is to identify the underlying cause(s) of polarization in monolithic CZT arrays at high count rates and determine means to prevent polarization within the arrays. To achieve this goal we will experimentally explore the dependence of high count rate induced polarization on (1) CZT crystallinity, (2) CZT crystal orientation, (3) monolithic array geometry, and (4) electrodes and surface treatment. Additionally, a new source of CZT will be evaluated to determine if polarization can be eliminated through improved crystal growth. Monolithic CZT arrays with high count rate capability would enhance imaging systems which require detector arrays with energy resolution and high throughput for fast, accurate imaging. Benefits realized in the medical field would include bone densitometer systems and combined emission/transmission computed tomography (ET/CT) systems with increased throughput. This would enable the benefits of such imaging systems, namely, the acquisition of information vital for medical diagnostic purposes, to be available to more people. In industrial inspection system applications, such arrays would enable rapid and accurate identification of objects hidden from sight. Potential commercial applications of CZT arrays with high count rate capability include baggage scanner systems in airports, bone densitometer systems in hospitals, and high speed imaging systems in research hospitals. |
| ORINCON CORP.
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 351-4440
Dr. Larry L. Burton ARMY 00-003 |
| Title: | Innovative Acoustic Sensor(s) for Multiple Acquisition |
| Abstract: | Current Army acoustic ground sensors are able to detect, track, and classify single vehicles but have great difficulty in performing these functions when multiple closely spaced vehicles are involved. However, it is precisely this capability that is of greatest interest to field commanders, who want to know the numerical size of an enemy mechanized force. To meet this need, ORINCON proposes to develop acoustic algorithms capable of identifying and counting all vehicles within a 1000m square grid. During Phase I, we will define operational scenarios, evaluate alternative sensor configurations, analyze data from acoustic ground sensors, and develop and validate the required acoustic algorithms. This effort will build on previous ORINCON experience in acoustic detection and classification for the Army, Navy, and DARPA; adaptive beamforming for the Navy; and tracking and data fusion for a number of DoD customers. During Phase II, we will implement the recommended sensor configuration, fine tune the algorithms for real-time operation, and conduct a proof-of-principle demonstration in a target-rich field environment. Success during Phase II will allow for transition of these algorithms to other military battlefield surveillance and perimeter monitoring applications. Commercial applications also exist for airport and industrial security and highway traffic monitoring and control. The detection, classification, and counting algorithms for acoustic ground sensors developed for this SBIR will provide a significant enhancement to US Army battlefield awareness capabilities by providing field commanders with information necessary for decisions about fire missions. Our commercialization strategy involves multiple components, including transitioning of these algorithms to other military applications, such as perimeter monitoring, and potential inclusion of this software as a special option feature of our RIPPENr software package that we sell commercially. We also plan to investigate the civilian application, through license agreements, of these acoustic algorithms to airport and industrial security and highway traffic monitoring and control. |
| SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH
15261 Connector Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 903-1000
Mr. John Spadaro ARMY 00-003 |
| Title: | Innovative Acoustic Sensor(s) for Multiple Target Acquisition |
| Abstract: | Current acoustic unattended ground sensor systems have the capability of detecting, characterizing and localizing vehicle targets with relatively large surveillance areas. One of the major shortfalls of these systems is their inability to perform effectively in multi-target clutter environments. Specifically, the system ability to estimate the number and types of targets when groups of targets are present such as convoys with closely spaced vehicles is limited. The proposed effort presents a multi-target counting (MTC) algorithm based on beam steering and a fuzzy logic volume of noise estimate to attack this problem. One of the keys to the proposed solution is a simulation embedded in the algorithm which allows for iterative estimates of the types and number of targets to in a surveillance area. The algorithm will be tested using simulation techniques previously developed for use with the US Army Scout UAV program, LOSAS (currently a successful Phase II program at SARA). SARA brings over 40 years of combined acoustics experience to bear on the problem leveraging their familiarity with target signatures, sensor technologies, advanced algorithm development and acoustic sensor system architecture. Potential applications will come from organizations requiring acoustic information from remote locations for the performance of their responsibilities. These would include US Army and US Marine special ops, infantry, artillery forward observers, and intelligence; and an assortment of government/private agencies responsible for law enforcement, border surveillance (alien and drug interdiction), remote search and rescue, airport noise monitoring, and environmental assessment. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Mr. W. Dodd Stacy ARMY 00-004 |
| Title: | Human Amplification System |
| Abstract: | Creare proposes to develop an intelligent, powered load handling system adapted to the rapid transport of artillery rounds between a support vehicle and a firing platform, or between vehicles. The semi-autonomous system mounts to the support vehicle and transfers loads directly between one crew member working in the bed of the vehicle and one crew member stationed near the weapon's breech. The Phase I effort will produce an engineering design package and a dynamic CAD simulation of the system in operation. The Phase II program will develop and demonstrate a prototype system and conduct extended testing over the full spectrum of applicable platforms, vehicles, and ammunition packaging configurations. The proposed system will reduce injury, reduce labor costs, speed the delivery of goods and materials, and improve the productivity of transportation assets. Commercial applications span the entire trucking and delivery spectrum, especially where product is packaged in manageable but heavy units, such as 80 lb sacks, and unloaded by hand. Transfers involving elevation change will be eased substantially. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Paul G. Gonsalves ARMY 00-005 |
| Title: | Integrated Software Environment for Battlespace Digital Mapping and Target Range Acquisition |
| Abstract: | The explosive growth in information technology provides a tremendous opportunity for enhancing US warfighting capabilities. The associated digitization of the battlespace, in tandem with deployment of highly capable sensor systems, provides a tremendous opportunity to enhance battlespace operations. Additionally, the use and proliferation of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and digital mapping can further enhance military situation awareness and visualization. These advances have substantial application for the development of improved tactical fire control support systems for target-rich multi-shooter environments. Here we propose an Integrated Software Environment (ISE) for Battlespace Digital Mapping and Target Range Acquisition. Our novel system integrates: an in-house battlefield simulation and visualization software environment with an embedded COTS-based GIS processing for digital mapping support and target range acquisition; and a geometric approach for target location prediction augmented with conventional estimation algorithms. We see considerable potential for this approach in enhancing fire control support systems and addressing information dominated battlespace requirements. Our Phase I effort will: 1) identify system requirements and scope; 2) formulate and design a limited-scope prototype ISE ; 3) develop a working concept prototype; 4) demonstrate its use and assess overall feasibility in a selected scenario; and 5) develop requirements for follow-on development and commercialization. We see several potential applications of the developed technology. Direct application of the developed ISE exists to DoD C2 and fire control support systems. Generalization of the developed GIS processing and visualization system to other domains, in particular, law enforcement and search and rescue is also apparent. Additionally, we see opportunities for enhancement of our Intelligent Agent Toolkit (IAT) product via the incorporation of the software development environment and visualization components of the proposed ISE. |
| NAVSYS CORP.
14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 481-4877
Mr. David Lee ARMY 00-006 |
| Title: | Digital Wideband Antijam Technology for Global Positioning System (GPS) Protection |
| Abstract: | The proliferation of inexpensive low-power GPS jammers is an increasing concern. These battery-powered jammers are a menacing problem because they can deployed by the hundreds the air by tethered ballons, for example, or concealed on the ground. These low-power jammers operate for several days on a battery pack. Small jammers may be difficult to find and individually are considered low-value targets. Wideband low-power jammers often modulate high-speed CW swept or Chirp interference in order to appear like noise in the frequency spectra. Most spectral analyzers use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) methods to estimate spectral energy of RF signals. Real time frequency domain filtering using the FFT and inverse FFT has been demonstrated to extract frequency-stable narrow band CW interference in GPS bands. However, Fourier techniques are not effective against frequency-agile sources of interference, which are rapidly being aggressively marketed. In order to address the frequency-agile interference problem, modern spectral analysis techniques such as wavelet analysis are better suited. The singular advantage of wavelets is the multi-resolution time-frequency signal analysis property.(i) Wavelet sub-band coding and filter banks is a promising new signal processing algorithm has been demonstrated to be an effective means gaining of 20-30 dB J/S for spread-spectrum receivers. Wavelet sub-band filters was performed by introducing frequency-agile interference (high-speed swept and chirp) on C/A band of GPS down converted and post-processed. Although the results are promising, the work was not advanced to a wideband (P-code) GPS real-time implementation. (ii) The wavelet sub-band filter technique has been demonstrated to add 20-30 dB of J/S in direct sequence spread spectrum receivers against a catalog of frequency agile jammers. In order for this work to yield practical benefits for tactical system, the algorithm needs transition real-time over a 20 MHz band. This technique can be implemented without high latency. Spectral interference rejection by digital signal processing does not require a special antenna. In addition, it does not assume constantly radiating interference. These issues affect spatially interference rejection (CRPA) approaches. The inherent processing latency is fixed unlike the null steering antennas, which do not converge upon best performance when platform dyamics and interference transmission cycles on and off. Spectral filtering has been demonstrated to be affective against multiple jammers simultaneously, while spatial filters performance degrades substantially with each additional null and has a hard limit of (N-1) jammers. As a result, DSP using wavelet filter banks may be used stand alone or complementary anti-jam technique within a layered approach. |
| SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY & SYSTEMS
5220 Pacific Concourse Dr. Los Angeles, CA 90045 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 643-1315
Mr. Stephen F. Rounds ARMY 00-006 |
| Title: | Low Cost GPS Anti-Jam Processor for Wideband Antijam Protection |
| Abstract: | STS will demonstrate the feasibility of a low cost, GPS Anti-jam Processor (GAP), utilizing Space Time Adaptive Processing techniques to cancel wideband noise jamming of GPS signals (L1 & L2) and provide 60 dB of jamming protection. The GAP is a pre-correlation spatial and spectral jammer canceller, with a scaleable architecture. As a low power silicon device, the GAP is immune to changes in performance due to shock, and therefore especially suitable for volume restricted, precision guided weapons, such as gun launched projectiles. Detailed simulations of the GAP chip were conducted under a DARPA/NCCOSC program entitled "Anti-Jam Enhancements to Direct Y Fast Acquisition." In Phase 1, STS will review the detailed simulations from the DARPA program and study the benefits/risks of implementing the GAP in Phase 2 as an FPGA or as an ASIC. In Phase 1 STS will also define the requirements for a Phase 2 discrete RF section, GPS core software and test plan. Phase 2 will produce an FPGA/ASIC implementation of the GAP and demonstrate its anti-jam performance with a SAASM GPS receiver. The ultimate goal is to produce GAP chips that will cheaply and effectively protect GPS receivers, in precision guided munitions, from wideband jamming. STS's proposed demonstration will prove the feasibility of a low cost, low power, single chip anti-jam processor capable of providing over 60 dB of wideband jamming protection. The performance, size and flexibility of the digital GAP chip surpasses any RF or antenna based anti-jamming process, especially for low cost, small size, high production rate applications such as gun launched projectiles. STS studies show that the use of temporal processing not only equalizes the channel to reject wideband jamming, but also compensates for channel mismatches. Null depths of 50dB are shown to be readily achievable with a small number of temporal taps. The GAP chip is also very useful in commercial applications where protection from unintentional interference from other RF sources is needed or in cases such as commercial aviation where protection from terrorist jamming may be necessary. |
| 21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC.
427 South 166th Street Omaha, NE 68118 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(402) 333-2992
Mr. Richard A. Flanagan ARMY 00-007 |
| Title: | Shoot & Scoot Assistant |
| Abstract: | A military combat unit must "see" the battlefield better than the enemy, decide sooner than the enemy to what to do, "move" to see the enemy and fight effectively and "shoot" to destroy the enemy. As the US Army moves toward weapons systems for the digital battlefield, newer, lighter weight and more capable hardware is emerging. These digital data sources may not realize better "seeing", that is, situational awareness. Cognitive task load will be overwhelming if the crew is to interpret and distill the data, deciding what to do fast. Well-informed troops will outstrip a rogue enemy in a combat environment. It's all about whom gets into firing position, first. We propose to first integrate the incoming data to assist the crew in reducing the great amount of incoming data into a timely, relevant, situational awareness picture (the "see" task) and secondly, provide the crew an corresponding, real-time course-of-action aiding based upon the awareness and the crew's mission objectives. Together, these two opportunities form the "Shoot & Scoot Assistant". We will define an agent architecture that supports reuse, all mission phases and conforms to the Technical Architecture. Non-military applications of the agent-based decision aid are the category of where high personal risk needs a "battle-drill" decision aid. Examples include a very wide range of adaptable aids. For example: (1) highway patrolman using a police car aid with digital links during a chase reduces lethal consequences to the patrolman or public, (2) a plant operator's console aid at an industrial production line where fast-acting decisions during automated assembly when equipment malfunctions reduce product waste and increases employee safety and (3) airline flight crew warning, caution & advisory systems reduces crew workload during moments of high stress. |
| AMERICAN GNC CORP.
888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 582-0582
Dr. Ching-Fang Lin ARMY 00-007 |
| Title: | Intelligent Software Agents for Battlefield |
| Abstract: | Autonomy technologies are key and revolutionary technologies that are needed to fulfill weapon crew operations on the future digital battlefield. This project develops the intelligent software agents consisting of automation in multi levels, knowledge base, inference mechanism, and communication. The proposed intelligent software agents for battlefield not only takes advantage of innovative techniques of individual decision and control methodologies but also, more significantly, emphasizes the synergism among all subsystems to assure the overall system performance. In this project, design issues involved in the choice of a hierarchical intelligent control and health monitoring system architecture, and methods for interfacing elements of the resulting hybrid system are investigated. Efficient and adaptive computational schemes are developed by integrating planning and decision, soft computation, autonomous control, and discrete event control techniques to enhance accommodation of environmental and operational changes. A modeling, design, analysis, and simulation environment is established to implement the system architecture, and environment recognition and adaptation. The performance of the intelligent software agents will be demonstrated and evaluated for battlefield applications. The techniques and systems developed in this project provide technology that can be exploited in various military and commercial applications, such as manufacturing, precision machine tools, process control, smart highway systems, smart weapons, robotics, defense manufacturing and command and control. |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 618-1064
Mr. Ken Graves ARMY 00-007 |
| Title: | Adaptable Cognitive Decision Aids For Embedded Weapon Applications |
| Abstract: | The reduction of crew sizes in new Army systems such as Future Combat System (FCS) is threatening to overload the cognitive abilities of the remaining operators. Since past technology advances have already served to automate many of the rote procedural tasks contributing to crew workload, much of the remaining improvement must come through application of automation and aiding for the more complex cognitive tasks, such as interpretation of trends and patterns. A need exists for developing cognitive decision aiding capabilities that reduce cognitive workload of combat systems crews. Proposed effort will develop a cognitive decision aid for FCS addressing the function of tactical trends and patterns analysis for prediction of enemy actions based on current states. Cognitive modeling techniques will be employed first to understand user requirements, then to create a suitable decision aid design and to implement the aid using the iGENT cognitive modeling tool. It will be scaleable and reusable in accordance with ARDEC's component-based reference architecture concepts and will conform to Joint Technical Architecture-Army (JTAA), Appendix F. The Phase I prototype will include an executable cognitive model of the trends and patterns analysis process, implemented as a "plug and play" component suitable for use in other systems. This decision aid will fill a need for development of decision aids to reduce cognitive workload on combat systems operators. The reusable cognitive model developed for this program will reduce the costs of software development for other cognitive decision aids to be used on these systems. The concepts and implementations will serve as a technical base for technology insertion into a number of Army Science and Technology Objective (STO) programs under consideration for Initial Brigade Combat Team operations. The cognitive model can also be applied to civilian domains such as stock quoting, logistics management, and police operations. |
| TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS, INC.
P.O. Box 4233 Anthony, TX 79821 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(915) 886-2478
Dr. Alton Gilbert ARMY 00-007 |
| Title: | Adaptable Cognitive Decision Aids For Embedded Weapon Applications |
| Abstract: | A heavy mortar platoon providing immediate indirect fire (IF) support to an Infantry or Armor Battalion (BN) generates and processes many time-critical and mission-critical events. The effectiveness of the platoon is directly related to its ability to deliver On Order missions and Final Protective Fires accurately and on-time, while exploiting terrain features providing cover and concealment for survivability. Recent advances in battlefield communications, the quality and availability of digital cartography, weapon systems technical architectures and intelligent aiding tools for coordinated tactical activity have created new opportunities for information exploitation to increase the operational tempo and combat effectiveness of the heavy mortar platoon as will be required for Future Combat System (FCS) and Force XXI operations. Intelligent aiding of mortar planning including target area coverage, movement, fire-point selection including generation of hasty fire-points while on the move, and the conduct of On-Order and Final Protective Fire missions is proposed. The resulting decision aiding subsystem will be created by using a combination of analytical and cognitive decision processes implemented in reusable software components conforming to Appendix F of the JTA-A, and implemented so as to be installed on the Mortar Fire Control System. Application Programmer Interfaces will be provided for crew interaction using voice, and other non-contact I/O methods. This effort is a novel decision aid approach for tactical systems, in that it attempts to reason across multiple decision factors by applying decision rules and cognitive processes. Such decision processes have been applied to some extent in data mining, but the approach taken here is more adaptive, in that it monitors for conditions requiring reassessment. This approach is broadly applicable to commercial and military decision making situations. |
| TANNER RESEARCH, INC.
2650 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena, CA 91107 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 792-3000
Dr. Patrick B. Chu ARMY 00-008 |
| Title: | MEMS-based Low Cost Mortar Fuze with Integrated Safe and Arm Mechanisms |
| Abstract: | Existing miniature fuzes tend to be costly, inaccurate, difficult to use, and insufficiently small or sophisticated for advanced munition applications. In alliance with fuze manufacturing experts, Tanner Research proposes to develop a novel mortar fuze with integrated safe and arm (S&A), and fuzing mechanisms based on micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Our innovation is to incorporate a smart, programmable MEMS S&A device in the mortar fuze that minimizes size and weight, increases reliability and safety, improves timing accuracy, and reduces component and system cost. Due to its small mass and mechanical nature, our S&A device will be insensitive to electro-magnetic radiation and able to survive high-g accelerations, while minimizing collateral damage. Tanner Research has demonstrated expertise in the designs of MEMS, integrated circuits, electronics systems, and packaging. During an Air Force Phase I SBIR, we have already developed several designs of MEMS fuze systems and performed feasibility tests with spot charges. Our device will be fabricated using commonly available fabrication equipment to ensure low-cost production and ease of manufacturing and technology transfer. Our S&A design will enable the integration of sensors and electronics with a fuzing device in a compact volume (fraction of a cubic inch). Explosives are commonly used by expert operators in mining, construction, and demolition, rescue/emergency operations, and the entertainment industry. Novel, low-cost, and reliable S&A devices can improve the safety and cost of all electronically-controlled explosive systems, protecting both expert and novice users. |
| KARNATECH, INC.
2046 La Fremontia South Pasadena, CA 91030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(323) 254-9232
Dr. Karna J. Wahlstrand ARMY 00-009 |
| Title: | Modeling & Simulation of Directed Energy Weapon Systems for Combined Target Effects |
| Abstract: | The modern battlefield will increasingly make use of directed energy weapons, and a simulation of their effectiveness and utility on the battlefield will be needed to guide their development and operational implementation. We propose the first complete validated source-to-target energy transfer computer simulation of the deployment of millimeter/microwave, acoustic, and laser weapons against personnel and materiel targets, including both theoretical models and experimental data. We also consider energy propagation under weather and other environmental effects, with the eventual incorporation of conventional weapons and a simplified two-party war game in Phase II. The combined effects of these weapons interacting at the single target level will be treated with original theories which will demonstrate the resultant nonlinearly enhanced coupling to the target. Our software approach is graphical user interface (GUI)-based and object-oriented, with modular calculation functions and operated standalone on a personal computer. A relational database of kill and incapacitation probabilities and percent degradations will be generated at the completion of Phase II for use in separate force-on-force codes for further weapons system evaluation. Potential commercial applications of this type of directed energy weapons simulation (with appropriate customization to the relevant markets) include PC-based training simulations for prisons and incorporation into more visually sophisticated law enforcement training simulations, both domestically and internationally, and in aiding the development of directed energy weapon technologies in the larger commercial aerospace companies and other military government customers. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Hartmut H. Legner ARMY 00-009 |
| Title: | Modeling & Simulation for Combined Target Effects |
| Abstract: | Directed energy weapon (DEW) systems can potentially become an important part of war fighting for the Army. Although much is known about the effects of millimeter/microwaves (HPMs), acoustics, and laser/white light on materials and entire systems, no general purpose computational tool exists to evaluate the lethality of individual DEWs. There is even less information available on the combined effects of two or more DEWs on military targets. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to remedy this situation by developing a Personal Computer Code for Combined Directed Energy Weapon Assessment (CDEWA Code). This new computer simulation model is envisioned to evaluate the target effects of DEWs by utilizing detailed geometric and material target models that have evolved over the years for detailed conventional and/or nuclear weapon effectiveness. The leveraging of these resources makes the task of creating CDEWA focus on developing the appropriate physical effects models. The complete CDEWA architecture would be developed for the entire set of DEWs and target scenarios in Phase I. The complete CDEWA would be designed, developed, implemented, tested and validated in Phase II. The Combined Directed Energy Weapons Assement (CDEWA) Code would have direct applications in government and industry for evaluating lethal on non-lethal DEW effectiveness. The DEWs include laser, high-power microwaves, acoustic and white light weapons. The CDEWA Code would be marketed as a software product applicable to industry and law-enforcement agencies. |
| KNOWLEDGE ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
4001 Discovery Drive Suite 390 Boulder, CO 80303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 545-9092
Dr. Thomas Landauer ARMY 00-010 |
| Title: | Latent Semantic Analysis-based tutorial and assessment tools for ADL |
| Abstract: | In today's rapidly changing global operations environments, teams often must be assembled and individuals re-trained quickly for new force requirements, new systems, and changing missions. The goal of this research is to produce innovative computer software for individual assessment and team selection, for adaptive learning, and for cognitive performance support environments that exploit the power, economy, and customization enabled by ADL. A suite of recently developed and proposed cognitive tools based on Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) can contribute importantly to this goal. LSA is a machine-learning system that can build assessment, tutorial, and knowledge-mining agents automatically from existing instructional and archival text in almost any domain. These intelligent agents are constructed in far less time and expense, and with much less need for rare specialists as has previously been possible. In the combined Phase I and II effort, we will create a prototype of an integrated system, called Military Knowledge Forum (MKF). In Phase I we will plan the system, and perfect or develop several critical LSA-based components that also stand alone as useful ADL/cognitive readiness tools. In Phase II, we will create or perfect additional tools and join them into a total distributed group learning and cognitive support environment. Almost every present-day industry or business has a need to train widely distributed personnel frequently in new operating procedures and group problem-solving methods. They must be able to select, re-train and support adaptable individuals and teams. The individuals and teams must be possess and be capable of verbally communicating all necessary task-relevant knowledge. No integratable set of adaptive automatic assessment, tutorial, knowledge resource, and cooperative problem-solving support capabilities, such as those that would be developed for the envisaged Military Knowledge Forum system described herein, exists. The development of technology of this kind would help government and private-sector organizations meet the needs of rapidly changing markets, technologies, and labor forces in a timely, effective and economical manner. In Phase I, features and functionalities suitable for use either in the envisioned integrated system or in other ADL systems will be demonstrated as stand-alone web-based applications. Some, such as the automatic free-response assessment tool, will be of immediate utility in marketed or marketable commercial and military training systems. Component LSA-based adaptive assessment and tutorial tools from this project, even without combining into an integrated system, will be of significant commercial value for development of ADL and private-sector cognitive readiness and distance-education systems. KAT would embed some of these new capabilities in its own current and future Internet-based educational testing and tutorial services, and offer both piece-part components and appropriate versions of integrated learning environments for purchase or licensing by military, corporate, and other training and assessment organizations. |
| KINETIC RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC.
1143 Tower Rd. Schaumburg, IL 60173 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 884-0662
Mr. Michael Boruta ARMY 00-011 |
| Title: | Advanced, Small, Internal Combustion Engine |
| Abstract: | We propose the development of a small novel internal combustion engine that can burn heavy diesel fuel, with a disk nutating around the rotating shaft (ref.~1). The uniquely novel arrangement of this engine permits the displaced volume of the engine to be used twice per engine revolution, corresponding to what in piston engines would be considered one power stroke per engine revolution. This feature enables the engine to produce the power/volume and power/weight in small power ranges as required in this solicitation, while the external combustion chamber permits burning diesel fuel as in small gas turbines. The potential of the new technology is high, the risk is manageable, and the probability of success high. The engine can exceed the power/weigh and power/volume constraints of the proposal in engines of under 10 kW power while burning diesel fuel. The engine is inherently balanced, with few and small components, enhancing dynamic durability. Scaling issues of the nutating engine have already been examined in previous publications from 2 kW to 500 kW. This engine when developed has very high potential for commercial applications ranging from engines for aircraft to power generation to land vehicles. Its power density can be utilizd to save fuel due to saving weight in the powertrain of land vehicles as well as in aircraft. Lower manufacturing cost is also a plus that would ensure market success. |
| LOCUST, USA, INC.
8324 N.W. 74 Ave. Miami, FL 33166 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(561) 691-9585
Mr. Robert R. Sellers ARMY 00-011 |
| Title: | Microturbine Feasibility Demonstration |
| Abstract: | A program is proposed to evaluate the feasibility of using low-cost microturbines to meet the U.S. Army future requirements for small, lightweight engines (less than 10 kW power) that operate on heavy fuel and achieve very high power per cubic foot of engine volume. The program will accomplish this evaluation in two tasks; the basic program using today's technology, and an option that will evaluate innovative technology advances. In the basic program today's state-of-the-art microturbine capability will be demonstrated through both analysis and test. A very simple, low-cost turbojet developed for the model aircraft industry will be modified into a shaft engine and tested to determine it's capabilities, including it's power density. Along with the test evaluation, analysis will be conducted to provide an engineering understanding of the engine demonstration. Analysis will include performance, thermal and stress analysis, sealing/leakage evaluation, dynamic behavior, and life projections. In the program option a microturbine in the power range of interest will be conceptually designed using advanced technology features and innovative component arrangements to maximize the volumetric power density. This program will provide the U.S. Army with an engineering evaluation of the suitability of an important class of engines (microturbines less than 10 kW) for use in air/ground unmanned vehicles and to supply power needs for the Army footsoldier. Commercially, this will provide a heavy-fuel, lightweight alternative to small gasoline engines for smooth and safe aero, marine, business, or home application. |
| MATERIALS SYSTEMS, INC.
521 Great Road Littleton, MA 01460 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 486-0404
Mr. Patrick McGuire ARMY 00-012 |
| Title: | Low Cost Optical Finishing of Transparent Ceramics |
| Abstract: | Glass and polymer coatings applied to sapphire or other hard transparent ceramics offer several very low-cost approaches for optical finishing. In Phase I, MSI will investigate (A) polishing the applied coatings, (B) bonding of polished glass faceplates, (C) replicating optically smooth surfaces using polished mandrels, and (D) very thin coatings as applied. The resulting windows will be characterized with the objectives to achieve high in-line transmittance, low haze, and angular image resolution quality of less than 1 milliradian. All processes developed will be compatible with the PVB bonding/autoclaving used for assembling transparent armor systems. In the Phase I Option, the most promising approaches will be further optimized and preliminary production cost estimates will be made. In Phase II, MSI will scale-up the most successful low-cost optical finishing processes to 12 x 14 inch windows while the optical quality is increased to at least 80% in-line transmission and less than 5% haze. Commercialization of this technology will be facilitated through MSI's on-going business relationship with Raytheon Optical Systems, Inc. This program will provide new low-cost methods for achieving optically transparent hard ceramic windows by eliminating the expensive and time consuming polishing of the sapphire or ALON itself. As a result, transparent armor will be available at substantially reduced costs, thereby opening up new markets for these products. By so expanding the range of applications, the cost of light-weight, large-area transparent armor panels for military land vehicles and aircraft will be further reduced. Commercial personnel security vehicles will also benefit from the technology developed in this program. The sapphire and/or ALON transparent armor will offer protection against small caliber armor piercing projectiles at substantially reduced weight and thickness. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Mr. Jon Nebo ARMY 00-012 |
| Title: | Durable, Index Matching, Coatings for Low Cost AlON Finishing |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems proposes a nanoparticle-enhanced polymer coatings approach to significantly reduce the costs associated with polishing and finishing of large area AlON windows. We will develop novel, high refractive index (RI) coatings that will match the refractive indices of aluminum oxynitride (AlON), spinel, and other transparent armor ceramics. This solution-based coating will be able to fill/level the surface imperfections of unfinished or partially finished AlON and provide an optically smooth surface in a single coating step. This will significantly reduce the time, number of steps, and the cost of finishing these high hardness ceramics. We will use Triton's low viscosity solution-based NanotufT abrasion-resistant coating as the platform, and then incorporate surface-compatibilized nanoparticles to tailor the specific optical and other properties of the coating system. We will achieve index-matching by controlling the index and concentration of the nanoparticles, and will thus design coating systems with indices ranging from 1.46 to ~1.9. This range of indices will be used to form graded index and other coating systems with anti-reflection properties. The mechanical properties of the coatings will also be tailored by using this approach. Our approach will make these materials economically viable for a variety of military and civilian applications. Reduced cost, large area AlON windows will see application in variety of military, law enforcement, safety and other civilian applications. The variable index coatings developed here will be useful for a wide range of optical coatings and high index materials may be of use in electro-optic devices. |
| RADIOMETRICS CORP.
2840 Wilderness Place, Unit G Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 449-9192
Dr. Randolph Ware ARMY 00-013 |
| Title: | Wind Radar, Microwave Profiler, and GPS Data Fusion for Mesoscale Modeling |
| Abstract: | New developments in atmospheric sensing and modeling present the opportunity for significant advancements in local weather modeling and forecasting. New sensors include wind radar, microwave profiler and GPS networks. These sensors provide continuous wind, temperature and humidity measurements. We propose in Phase I to demonstrate the assimilation of these data into high-resolution weather models and to evaluate the potential of the resulting weather forecasts for military and commercial applications. If the results are promising, we will propose in Phase II to develop a turnkey system using these new data types for local weather modeling and forecasting. Turnkey systems for local weather modeling can be used to improve artillery and rocket accuracy, to predict atmospheric dispersion of chemical, biological and nuclear materials, and for battlefield visibility and weather forecasting. Similarly, commercial and civil applications include local weather forecasting for efficient and safe management of sporting and other outdoor events, construction projects, airports, space ports, and ground transportation. |
| AZZAZY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
27111 Aliso Creek Road Aliso Viejo, CA 92656 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 448-7840
Dr. Medhat Azzazy ARMY 00-014 |
| Title: | Non-Intrusive Gas Turbine Combustor Measurement Techniques |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| MEGAWATT LASERS
PO Box 24190 Hilton Head Islan, SC 29925 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(843) 342-7221
Mr. Scott J. Hamlin ARMY 00-015 |
| Title: | Compact Laser Igniter for Medium Caliber Cannon |
| Abstract: | Medium caliber cannons, such as the Army's M230 chain gun, currently utilize a high current electrical pulse to initiate the propellant. While electrical ignition is reliable, electrical based primers are susceptible to premature ignition from EMI, EMP, or other stray or directed electromagnetic sources. In the event of a weapon jam, electrically initiated primers are potentially dangerous as the potential for a static electrical discharge results in a risky task to safely unload and free the jammed mechanism. Furthermore, current electrical based primers contain lead styphnate, which is considered an environmentally hazardous material. The proposed effort will research the design characteristics of a laser igniter, suitable for replacement of existing electrical ignition systems, as used in small and medium caliber cannons. In addition to being inherently electromagnetically safe, laser ignition systems provide the possibility of utilizing `Green' or environmentally friendly propellants, primers, and boosters, thereby eliminating hazardous materials used in conventional primers and possibly reducing ammunition costs. As the intended application is for rotorcraft, particular attention will be directed to minimizing size, weight and power consumption while maintaining the structural integrity to withstand high shock/vibration levels. In addition to providing a safer, more environmentally friendly ignition systems for medium caliber cannons, the proposed research effort will benefit other laser ignited armament systems as well as provide potential commercial and military applications for miniature laser technology. Applications for the technology developed under this effort include remote sensing, such as ranging, chemical/biological sensing, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, as well as medical applications including dermatology, dentistry, and surgery. |
| BIOCRYSTAL, LTD.
575 McCorkle Boulevard Westerville, OH 43082 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 818-1170
Dr. Emilio Barbera-Guillem ARMY 00-016 |
| Title: | Synthesis and Functionalization of Quantum Dots for Bio Agent Detection |
| Abstract: | A new class of fluorescent nanocrystals offers the prospect of replacing organic dyes for many fluorescence detection and analysis schemes commercially in use. BioCrystal has developed a family of proprietary fluorescence-based detection reagents which utilize a semiconductor nanocrystal core(CdSe) encased in a semiconductor(ZnS)shell and one or more organic layers which confer water solubility, as well as reactive sites which may be used to bind molecules such as affinity ligands to the functionalized nanocrystal. They are monodisperse and resist photobleaching. The Phase I work effort will demonstrate the feasibility of the following:(1)the use of a continuous flow production technique to produce monodisperse CdSe nanocrystals (CdSeNC) of uniform size in different colors to industrial proportions;(2)the industrial scale production of water-soluble, functionalized CdSeNC, including the production and purification of avidin-labeled CdSeNC;(3)the conjugation of functionalized CdSeNC to bioreceptors, and their use for detection by FRET or aggregation testing. This work will preface the Phase II objective of developing a procedure for the detection of bio-contaminants using functionalized CdSe nanocrystals, and, in parallel, to produce a miniaturized, autonomous sensor device to perform this procedure under continuous use, or during desired periods of time. Multiplexing, constant emission, particulate structure and energy transfer are inherent characteristics which afford fluorescent CdSe nanocrystals a number of advantages over fluorochromes for use in detecting multiple bio-contaminants in sensor devices, and for a number of other commercial uses: as DNA/RNA probes in qualitative disease detection; viral genotyping; automated biological assays for high throughput screening (HTS) applications in drug discovery; fluorescence-based histological studies, including the identification of cancerous tissue, and as encoded beads in multi-dimensional micro-assay formats. |
| USA ARMORING
5816 E. Shields Avenue, Suite Fresno, CA 93727 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(559) 292-3185
Mr. Murray Neal ARMY 00-017 |
| Title: | Flexible-Modular Body Armor For Armor Piercing Protection |
| Abstract: | The overall objective of this proposal is to develop body armor capable of defeating high power rifle threats that are designed as armor piercing; in a flexible manner, that is thinner, lighter, multiple threat resistant, and capable of sustained multiple repeat hits. This armor will also be configured in two formats: conceallable and overt tactical. This armor will be substantially superior to current utilized plate technology with its limited capabilities. Potential post military applications would be flexible and rigid varieties of the same armor, designed for attachment to vehicular, vessel and aircraft upgrade armor applications. This has exceptionally mid to long term enhancements for the U.S. military. This leads to the recapitalization requirement the U.S. Army has to ensure that its equipment remains safe to operate and to provide soldiers with reliable and effective systems to go to war. This new felxible high power armor piercing rifle protection system can be easily integrated into current body armor systems that currently employ a plate component; that is either damaged, missing or ballistically inferior to the current deployment requirement. This makes recapitilization for body armo and hard armor upgrades economically feasible, as it can be interfaced through replacement, extended service programs, pre-planned product improvements, and technology insertion. Potential commercial applications would be all fields of law enforcement such as federal, state and local jurisdictions, to coperate high-risk security concerns. Both of these would also have international markets. Military concerns such as overmatching, could be ensured by offering a lower threat defeating material substrate composite. The post applications are very diverse, but well within current and future demand. |
| AMBERWAVE SYSTEMS CORP.
7 Camelot Road Windham, NH 03087 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 425-1965
Dr. Mayank Bulsara ARMY 00-018 |
| Title: | Photonic Devices on Si Using SiGe Interlayer Technology |
| Abstract: | AmberWave Systems Corporation (ASC) proposes to implement its proprietary SiGe interlayer technology to demonstrate lasers on Si with emission in the visible spectrum. The technology employs ASC's proprietary SiGe interlayer processes to accommodate the lattice-mismatch and thermal expansion differences between GaAs and Si. In conjunction, ASC has established expertise in the growth of antiphase-domain-free GaAs on Ge. The final result is GaAs (and other III-V compound semiconductors) on Si of unprecedented material quality. ASC will demonstrate the fundamental technology to develop III-V compound lasers on Si and then commercialize the technology in high-speed computation and optical communications systems. The advantages of such systems will be the combination of the high-performance capabilities of III-V compounds with the low cost and very large scale integration capability of Si manufacturing methods. In Phase I, ASC proposes to epitaxially grow, fabricate, and test a laser on Si that emits in the visible spectrum. AmberWave Systems Corporation (ASC) can produce monolithically integrated III-V compound optoelectronic devices on Si of world-record quality. In Phase I, ASC will validate ASC's state-of-the art materials integration technology by fabricating an efficient and reliable visible laser on Si. The commercial application of such devices include high-speed computing via optical interconnects on Si and integrated optical communications systems on Si. |
| BEAM ENGINEERING FOR ADVANCED MEASURE
686 Formosa Avenue Winter Park, FL 32789 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 629-1282
Dr. Nelson V. Tabirian ARMY 00-019 |
| Title: | Supra-nonlinear Nano-particulate Liquid-crystalline Opto-electronics |
| Abstract: | The main objective of the Phase 1 of the present proposal will be demonstration of feasibility of multi-functional highly nonlinear materials for photonics and opto-electronics that possess high sensitivity and allow multiple control opportunities of their responses to electromagnetic influences (such as laser beams, electric and magnetic fields). As prime candidate for such materials we will study liquid crystals (LC) that incorporate internal structure made of nanoparticulate networks. We will use proprietary LC with photo-excitation enhanced record high optical nonlinearity as host material, and nanoparticles of various origins such as dielectric, electroconductive, semiconductive, and magnetic for building reconfigurable networks inside LC. The opto-electronic properties of such a material system will be characterized by spatial distribution and dynamics of LC orientation, by the geometry and the dynamics of the structure of the internal network, and inter-coupling between the network and the LC. Such combination will result in the highest number of both control and behavior parameters among all known opto-electronic materials. Coupling and interaction between the network and the LC will ensure sensitivity of the material to a variety of electromagnetic influences and the capability of electronically and optically switchable reconfiguration of the orientation pattern of the LC. Highly nonlinear LC with reconfigurable internal structure will advance opto-electronics beyond their present boundaries of laser beam and optical information control and display. The most versatile multifunctional optical components with strongest light modulating capability will enhance operation of commercial and defense optical systems. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4186
Dr. Bindu Nair ARMY 00-019 |
| Title: | Highly Nonlinear Optical Nano-Networks |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase I proposal is to synthesize and characterize supra-nonlinear optical materials in conjunction with nanoparticle networks containing dispersions of highly non-linear optical (NLO) materials. Nematic liquid crystals (LC) doped with methyl red, a photoconducting dye, have shown some of the highest NLO responses recorded to date. Nano-dispersing this dye-doped LC should result in faster NLO responses. Furthermore, nano-dispersed NLO materials can be activated with lower power sources than their bulk counterparts. Fast, low power NLO materials are necessary to develop the next generation of spatial light modulators that are needed for the high mobility applications envisioned by the DoD. Foster-Miller proposes to meet this objective by developing an innovative, low cost, chemically-based method for nano-encapsulating NLO moieties in a reconfigurable matrix. In Phase I, Foster Miller will select the matrix material, produce films using NLO chromophores dispersed at the nanoscale, characterize the material, and test the composite material system for NLO properties and switching speed. Details on the approach and work plan are contained within this proposal. (P-00876) Fast-responding, low-power non-linear optical materials show special promise as optical sensors, and image processing devices. Important applications include protection of sensors and eyes against low energy lasers, advanced (IFF)/Combat ID sensors, image-scene processing for battlefield situational awareness, and countermeasure and protective devices. Other applications include optical computing and image processing. |
| ATMOSPHERIC GLOW TECHNOLOGIES
2340 Stock Creek Blvd Rockford, TN 37853 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(865) 583-0985
Dr. Kimberly Kelly-Wintenberg ARMY 00-020 |
| Title: | Decontamination using a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Cold Plasma |
| Abstract: | Atmospheric Glow Technologies proposes to develop an innovative Mobile Atmospheric Glow Decontamination (MAGDEC) system based upon the patented One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP) technology. This advanced system will be a deployable military protection system that will decontaminate highly toxic chemicals and microorganisms on sensitive equipment, personnel protective equipment, and aircraft, vehicle, and shelter interiors. Phase I efforts will focus on neutralization of chemicals while Phase II efforts will extend studies to biological warfare agents including spores, building upon the proven efficacy of the OAUGDP against a wide range of microorganisms. Phase II work will conclude with testing additional simulants and, where possible, CBW agents themselves in collaboration with researchers at Aberdeen Proving Ground. The completion of this Phase I effort will result in the design of the MAGDEC system for the decontamination of chemical warfare agents. The success of the Phase I and Phase II projects will provide the military with a singular means to achieve biological and chemical decontamination of equipment ranging from robust vehicles to sensitive electronic equipment within minutes with no significant production of harmful by-products. An additional arena of use for our design could include domestic Hazardous Materials Management Teams charged with decontaminating buildings or industrial sites following spills or terrorist events. |
| VIRGINIA DIODES, INC.
8 Deepwater Point Palmyra, VA 22963 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(804) 923-0542
Dr. David W. Porterfield ARMY 00-021 |
| Title: | Integrated Terahertz Transmit/Receive Modules |
| Abstract: | The Terahertz frequency band, from roughly 300 GHz through 10 THz, is often sited as the most scientifically rich, yet unexplored region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The major problem that continues to forestall the full exploitation of the terahertz band is the lack of compact, reliable and cost efficient terahertz sources and receivers. Previous research has shown that GaAs diode technology can be used for terahertz frequency transmit/receive modules, but the cost is prohibitive, the reliability is poor and the frequency agility is limited. This SBIR proposal promises a radically improved T/R architecture based on the integration of GaAs mesas and the associated embedding circuitry on low-loss dielectric substrates. Such integration is the key to improving electrical performance and greatly increasing power handling, while also creating a compact, highly reliable, and manufacturable technology. Phase I will end with a clear demonstration of the potential of this technology. A successful Phase II program will culminate in the demonstration of militarily practical T/R modules in the terahertz frequency band. The integration of terahertz technology is the key to opening this region of the electromagnetic spectrum to military and commercial applications. Successful completion of this SBIR research program will lead to militarily practical Teraherz components. These will find immediate application in laboratories throughout the US and Europe that strive to investigate and develop terahertz science, technology and applications. The military applications of this technology will include communications systems (ultra-secure, ultra-broadband, satellite), bio/chem threat detection, collision avoidance radars that penetrate smoke and fog, space communications, compact range radars, fuses for smart munitions and medical diagnostics. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Dr. W Kowbel ARMY 00-022 |
| Title: | Multifunctional Carbon, SiC and Polymer Textile Fibers Reinforced with Nanotubes for Enhanced Performance |
| Abstract: | Due to poor nanotube-matrix interactions, the exemplary properties of carbon nanotubes have yet to be realized in composite applications. Fiber architectures offer promise for allowing integration and alignment of the nanotube into the matrix, yielding a composite fiber that fully realizes the extraordinary mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of the nanotube reinforcement. High purity single wall nanotubes (SWNT), double wall nanotubes (DWNT) and multiwall nanotubes (MWNTS), relatively free of contaminating byproducts, can be synthesized and functionalized with a variety of adducts that permits easy dispersion and chemical incorporation of the nanotubes into the surrounding fiber matrix. In a team effort between MER and the University of Kentucky (UK), as-grown and functionalized nanotubes with adducts to interact with the fiber matrices will be investigated to produce carbon, SiC, polyolefin, polyester and polyamide fibers. Both MER and UK have incorporated nanotubes in carbon, SiC, and polymer fibers with very promising results of increasing fiber strength, modulus and electrical conductivity over the base fiber. This collaborative, ongoing effort regarding nanotube fibers, utilizing the resources of the world's largest producer of nanotubes of all types and an institution leading the development of nanotube composite materials, assures that this program will demonstrate carbon nanotube reinforced fibers with significantly enhanced properties. There is an extensive market in textile and carbon/graphite fibers that would be expanded and/or replaced with nanotube fibers exhibiting enhanced properties and specialty textile fibers with electrical conductivity, increased stiffness and strength. Fiber applications include ballistic applications for military and law enforcement, conductive housings such as telephone and a plethora of electronic devices, photovoltaics and even power transmission. |
| REYTECH CORP.
742 SE Glenwood Dr Bend, OR 97702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(541) 617-1556
Dr. Thomas A. Reynolds ARMY 00-022 |
| Title: | Ultra-High-Performance Carbon Nanotube-Based Fibers |
| Abstract: | Development of carbon nanotube-based composites offers a promising pathway toward the realization of novel materials for a broad range of military/civilian applications. This SBIR project is focused upon developing multifunctional, ultra-high-performance fibers containing carbon nanotubes (CNT's) that will meet Army requirements in applications requiring fibers that are superior to those based on conventional carbon, polymer, ceramic, and composite technology. The goal is to produce the next generation of fiber technology-paving the way for major improvements in existing fiber-based applications and allowing for new technologies to be tested and implemented. The specific Phase I goal is to establish the feasibility of developing two types of fibers containing CNT's that demonstrate favorable adhesion and orientation within the fiber matrix. ReyTech Corporation proposes to prepare and evaluate composite fibers based on a combination of CNT's and high-performance, robust polymers based on proprietary techniques developed during previous work at ReyTech. Successful demonstration of feasibility will set the stage for initial prototype development under the Phase I Option and for a follow-on, full-scale Phase II prototype development and demonstration project. Success in this multi-phase project will result in a broad range of important military and civilian applications, including the following: high-strength and lightweight composites for armor; structural, electronic, and thermo-mechanical components; protective clothing for chemical and biological warfare; chemical and electromagnetic sensors; electromagnetic shields; and advanced device applications. It is likely that fibers containing carbon nanotubes can be formed to serve multiple, concurrent functions-e.g., as a lightweight structural member that also shields against electromagnetic interference (EMI) or that senses strain, radiation, or chemical agents. |
| IPITEK PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGY
2451 Impala Drive Carlsbad, CA 92008 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 930-2220
Dr. Araz Yacoubian ARMY 00-023 |
| Title: | Heterogenous Integration of MEMS and GHz Electro-Optic Polymer Modulators for RF Communications |
| Abstract: | Heterogeneous integration of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) with polymer based electro-optic modulators is proposed, to produce compact and deployable modulators for RF photonics applications. Current technology allows fabrication of compact and light-weight modulators, but these interferometric devices are still not truly deployable, because they require control and feedback electronics for balancing and stabilization. Here we proposed to integrated GHz Mach-Zehnder modulators with KHz-MHz MEMS based oscillator and feedback electronics to balance the modulator at quadrature, thus eliminating the need for bulky and power dissipating external oscillators and lock-in amplifiers. The method takes advantage of two state of the art technologies that have reached certain degree of maturity. Polymer modulators have been shown to work at frequencies over 100 GHz with drive voltages of less than 1V, whereas MEMS based oscillators and high Q filters have been successfully fabricated in the KHz-MHz frequencies. Integration will be carried out on Si substrates, where polymer waveguides will be grown and processed on top of MEMS circuitry. Combining feedback electronics will allow 2 to 3 orders of magnitude reduction in size, mass and power consumption over current methods, and will enable mass production and low cost fabrication of high-frequency modulators. The proposed integration approach allows for fabrication of low power consumption, compact, lightweight and deployable modulators to be used for high-speed communication systems. In the commercial industry, markets include telecommunication industries for voice, video and data transmission. Military markets include RF photonics and phased-array radar applications. Both MEMS and polymer electro-optics use the same lithographic processing step on Si substrates, therefore heterogeneous integration has the potential for low cost mass production. |
| BOULDER NONLINEAR SYSTEMS, INC.
450 Courtney Way, Unit 107 Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-0077
Mr. Steve Serati ARMY 00-024 |
| Title: | Wavefront Control and Sensing System based on an Opto-Silicon-Integrated Phase-Contrast Technique |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes the design and development of a high-speed, high-resolution wavefront sensing and control system. The system will couple high-resolution analog liquid crystal spatial light modulators with an innovative subtractive imaging sensor. The resulting system will acheive vast improvements in resolution, size, weight and cost over currently available systems. The system will be capable of sensing and correcting strong disturbances in the atmosphere, resulting in a device suitable for astronomy, military imaging, fluid flow measurement and point-to-point laser communications. |
| EMAG TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3055 Plymouth Road, Suite 205 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 747-6646
Dr. Kazem F. Sabet ARMY 00-025 |
| Title: | Enhanced Computer Analysis and Computer Aided Design (CAD) of Active Radio Frequency Antenna Arrays |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Small Business Innovation Research project is to lay the foundation of a CAD software tool for the design of large-scale active radio frequency antenna arrays. A circuit-based global modeling strategy is proposed that can integrate the analyses of spatially distributed electromagnetic structures, linear passive networks and nonlinear active circuits within a unified framework that can even incorporate thermal analysis self-consistently. The proposed strategy can be utilized in both frequency and time domains. In the Phase I feasibility study, we will interface a general-purpose planar structure simulator based on the method of moments with a general-purpose linear/nonlinear circuit simulator that uses a harmonic balance technique. The Phase I effort will be confined to the frequency domain and the time domain development for transient analysis is relegated to Phase II of the project. The object-oriented software architecture of emPiCASSO, our commercial antenna CAD tool, will be used as the foundation of the proposed software. Active antenna arrays are finding growing applications in radar and guidance systems and wireless communications. The proposed active antenna CAD tool will drastically facilitate the design of such sophisticated systems. It can also be used for global modeling and design of any active microwave circuit. |
| ETECH, INC.
1310 E. Boston St. Altadena, CA 91001 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 540-1623
Dr. David M. Owen ARMY 00-026 |
| Title: | Blast Resistant Glass Facades for Structural Applications |
| Abstract: | Glass panels are the weakest element in the fa‡ade of any structure. Under blast loading due to accidental or intentional explosion, standard plate glass shatters into dangerous, high speed shards that are often the cause of a significant fraction of serious injuries. Although tempering and lamination with plastics can improve both the strength and failure behavior of glass, they are typically relatively thick and heavy and significantly more expensive. This project is undertaken to develop new design methodologies for light-weight, cost-effective blast-resistant glass. The fundamental design concept involves the multi-dimensional tailoring of the failure behavior through the manipulation and variation of material properties through the thickness and in-the-plane. The approach involves a unified experimental / computational effort. The experiments feature high-speed diagnostics to obtain real-time, detailed quantitative information regarding the response of glass to blast overpressures. The computations feature cohesive elements which enable to the simulation of the complex failure patterns associated with the failure of glass under blast loading. It is anticipated that this approach will lead to the development of a design tools and rules that will lead to the fabrication of inexpensive, light-weight blast-resistant glass panel systems. Through a unified experimental / computational approach tools and rules for the design of blast resistant glass will be developed. In this manner, plate glass having optimized cost, failure characteristics and/or weight can be fabricated. Plate glass having high strength combined with controlled failure behavior in the face of blast overpressures will have use in architecture, automotive and even consumer products - anywhere the shattering of glass poses a significant threat to safety. |
| INTREPID, INC.
2533 N. Carson Street Carson City, NV 89706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(831) 622-0240
Mr. Tom Wollny ARMY 00-027 |
| Title: | Broadband Focused Radar at Ground Penetrating Frequencies for Detecting Mines, Unexploded Ordnance, or Mobility Related Surface Layers |
| Abstract: | The above ground penetrating radar systems for close-up surveying of terrain are inadequate for the detection of frozen or thawed soil layers (which is important for mobility determination) and for locating near surface buried objects such as pipes, waste containers, mines, or unexploded ordnance. Current antenna systems are not capable of providing a small spot size at a useful frequency. Antennas that can provide a small spot size operate at too high a frequency to adequately penetrate wet soil. The current low frequency antennas are not suitable for coherent signal processing and accurate ranging due to the non-planar wave fronts at short ranges. We propose a novel antenna approach to cover the frequency band from 10 MHz to 1000 MHz which provides a small footprint on the soil surface A convincing demonstration of a cost effective Broadband Focused Radar at Ground Penetrating Frequencies for Detecting Mines, Unexploded Ordnance, or Mobility Related Surface Layers design would provide the Government an opportunity to provide this equipment to the military forces operating to clear mines, UXO or when operating on frozen terrain. This technique if successful can make a significant contribution to the use of Ground Penetrating Radar at frequencies that really do penetrate the ground. The Military and Commercial demand for this type of instrument is expected to be significant. |
| ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESOURCE LABS, INC.
801 N. Lincoln Jerome, ID 83338 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(208) 324-7522
Dr. Bruce J. Bradley ARMY 00-028 |
| Title: | Wet-Vacuum Sampler For Surface Biocontamination Detection |
| Abstract: | In response to possible biological warfare (BW) attack, accurate sample acquisition and rapid detection of point microbial contamination on military equipment, housing and supplies is required for personnel safety and early response strategies. A novel hand-held, wet-vacuum sampling unit (VSU) is proposed, which will allow application of sterile rinse solutions onto diverse material surfaces or textures to promote detachment and recovery of biological agents (BA). Dried material of interest may be pre-hydrated without vacuum as needed to improve microbial detachment. Liquid-suspended BA's are collected and filtered onto a 47mm disc filter within the VSU in a single operation. Liquid transport or resuscitation media may be added. Simple removal of the VSU's final filter will accommodate conventional or rapid detection method (RDM) processing. The feasibility of utilizing Solid Phase Laser Cytometry for rapid detection of microbes directly on the VSU's filter is also proposed. In future R&D, procedure development is anticipated to back-flush microbes off the VSU's filter for PCR, ELISA and other RDM or further processing in liquid. This unique system is projected to offer a more reliable sample acquisition alternative to military and civilian environmental and health safety officers to counter acts of bioterrorism or hostile BW attacks. The proposed microbial sampling system will provide improved health and safety potential for military and civilian personnel by allowing more rapid and accurate sample acquisition and monitoring of contamination from biological warfare and terrorist threats or attacks. Other government and civilian agencies involved in food safety issues resulting from pathogenic contamination of food or food-preparation surfaces and environments will also benefit from the commercial availability of this improved microbial sampling and detection system. |
| FIBERTEK, INC.
510 Herndon Parkway Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 471-7671
Dr. Ti Chuang ARMY 00-029 |
| Title: | Man-Portable LIFDAR System for the Remote Detection of Clandestine Laboratories |
| Abstract: | The proliferation of clandestine laboratories for illegal drug manufacturing has escalated throughout the years. National total of methamphetamine laboratories seizures has grown from 43 in 1973 to a 2025 in 1999. Last year it registered an increment of 24% compared to the previous year. These statistics only reflects the number of sites that were detected and seized. It is recognized, however, that many more labs are operating than those that are discovered. Detection of clandestine labs is accomplished by a number of intelligence gathering procedures, including reporting of activity by suspecting neighbors. There is a need to insert more advanced techniques to acquire evidence of illegal drug manufacturing activities at a suspected location. The proposed effort will begin with the selection of volatile compounds that will be considered the targets of interest (TOIs) for the duration of the project. An analysis of the fluorescence properties of these TOIs will be performed using 266 nm excitation. A system architecture and performance model for a laser-induced fluorescence LIDAR (LIFDAR) system will be defined. The Phase I effort will end with the development of a preliminary design for this system. Phase II will cover the production of a fieldable system for customer evaluation. The man-portable LIFDAR to be developed under the proposed SBIR program has significant potential for application in military sensing, environmental remediation and biological agent detection. In addition, a market exists for advanced sensors, primarily for airborne biological agent detection. The cost of the proposed system should be low enough in production that sensors based on this technology could be acquired by virtually every single law enforcement unit dedicated to the detection and seizure of clandestine laboratories. We have estimated potential business in excess of >$130 M based on the proposed technology. Not all of this would be realized by a single company, but the business and potential saving clearly justifies investment in this technology by government and industry. |
| PACIFIC ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
P.O. Box 359 Santa Ynez, CA 93460 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 688-2088
Ms. Michele Hinnrichs ARMY 00-029 |
| Title: | Remote Detection of Hazardous Chemicals |
| Abstract: | Clandestine laboratories produce illegal drugs through the chemical synthesis of precursors, reagents and solvents. These laboratories are not only illegal in their operations, but these processes are extremely dangerous because of the hazardous chemicals used for the extraction of the product, as well as the by-products and residues produced. This produces a hazard in operations due to the explosive and safety nature of these materials, and these facilities pose a safety hazard for the government investigative agencies, particularly policing agencies that must enter these facilities. Pacific Advanced Technology (PAT) has developed a field portable infrared imaging spectrometer technology (Image Multi-spectral Sensing or IMSS) for defense related applications such as the detection, analysis and warning of numerous targets from missile plumes to chemical warfare agents. PAT proposes to utilize this new IMSS technology and apply it to hazardous chemical vapor detection and analysis. This technology can provide a small, hand held camera that can detect and analyze gases and determine their chemical species. PAT proposes to analyze and test the IMSS technology during the Phase I effort and fabricate a chemical detection camera during the Phase II program. An inexpensive, small, lightweight, portable, hand held "instrument" that could remotely detect and classify hazardous chemicals and vapors would be a tremendous asset to law enforcement agencies in the detection and enforcement actions against clandestine drug labs. Such a camera would also be a significant improvement in chemical detection for the petrochemical industry where fugitive gas leaks are a problem due to both the environmental impacts and lost product costs. |
| APPLIED THIN FILMS, INC.
1801 Maple Avenue, Suite 5316 Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 467-5282
Dr. Sankar Sambasivan ARMY 00-030 |
| Title: | Low Conductivity for Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) |
| Abstract: | Higher inlet operational temperatures for turbine engines is expected to provide significant benefits in fuel efficiency and performance for both military and commercial air vehicles. To accomplish this goal, new generation of thermal barrier coatings with superior reliability and durability will be needed. While the currently-used zirconia-based thermal barrier coatings provide excellent thermal protection, they suffer from thermomechanical degradation during exposure at elevated temperatures. In this Phase I effort, a crystal chemistry approach is being explored to examine a new family of layered perovskites. Key properties of these highly anisotropic materials include low thermal conductivity (0.7 W/M.K @ 13000C), tailorable CTE to match substrate, and inherent toughness/compliance primarily imparted through weak bonding between interbasal planes. In Phase I, coatings will be developed by plasma spray techniques with subsequent characterization of microstructure, texture, and thermal conductivity. The objective is to induce microstructurally designed features via texture and porosity to further lower thermal conductivity and to improve mechanical properties. The multifunctional nature of these materials will allow for their use in a broad range of applications. Potential commercial applications include TBC coatings for helicopter engines, diesel engine components for low wear and friction, and coatings for MEMS and microturbines. |
| ULTRAMET
12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 899-0236
Mr. David J. Scott ARMY 00-030 |
| Title: | Low-Cost, High-Performance Nanostructured Thermal Barrier Coatings for Turbine Engine Applications |
| Abstract: | Brayton and combined-cycle (turbine) engines are widely used for a variety of applications, including aeropropulsion and power generation. The performance of turbine engines is limited by the allowable use temperature of their hot-section components. Due to increasingly complex cooling passages and greater turbine temperature and life requirements, current protective coating compositions and deposition/application technologies are inadequate for future turbine engines. In this project, Ultramet will develop a low-cost, low temperature wet chemical synthesis and application technique to produce a superior thermal barrier coating (TBC) system consisting of high melting point, low thermal conductivity, low oxygen permeability oxides. The low oxygen permeability and improved thermal insulation properties, particularly at higher temperatures, of this TBC system will be demonstrated through cyclic oxidation verification testing. This new TBC system for high temperature turbine engines will allow operation at higher temperatures (>=2800øF) while increasing the life and reducing the cost of such systems. Not only will the new coating system allow turbine engines to operate more economically, but it will also reduce coating cost relative to existing state-of-the-art systems. The next-generation TBC system to be developed in this project will have improved thermal performance, longer life, and greater quality comparable to current coatings, with the potential for an 80-90% reduction in cost. Improved TBCs will have wide application to military and commercial propulsion and power generation systems, including turbine and reciprocating engines. |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-1400
Dr. James Eilbert ARMY 00-031 |
| Title: | Comanche Tactics and Survivability Expert Planner |
| Abstract: | There is a great need for innovative tools to support training, mission planning and cognitive decision aiding for tactics and survivability of advanced rotorcraft systems like Comanche and Apache Longbow. As the Rotorcraft Pilots Associate (RPA) program is demonstrating, recognizing human cognitive limitations and capabilities enables development of cognitive technologies for dramatically aiding aviators to overcome these limitations and take maximal advantage of their cognitive capabilities. The proposed research will identify and characterize advanced mathematical modeling techniques supporting identification of aircraft vulnerabilities, learning, and selection of courses of action (COA). The key innovation proposed, however, is the integration and development of a context-sensitive cognitive agent capable of representing, reasoning about, and deciding in real-time when and how to apply expertise. In this case, expertise includes that required for selection and use of these mathematical techniques, and the expertise in tactics and survivability necessary to enable real-time context-sensitive COA generation and selection. Such a cognitive agent, iCTEP, is inherently compatible with RPA's cognitive decision aiding processes, and utilizes one of the most advanced executable cognitive architectures currently available in a COTS IDE: the COGNET architecture as implemented in the iGENTM cognitive agent software toolkit and integrated development environment (IDE). The iCTEP will be applicable for commericial avaiation and military aviation trainng systems such as the Commanche and Longbow. By the end of Phase II, a desktop planning system is expected to be integrated into a stimulator which will determine which technique (Baysian, etc.) will be optimal for the situation at hand. |
| FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6785 Hollister Avenue Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 671-0508
Mr. G. Ed Crowder ARMY 00-031 |
| Title: | Comanche Tactics and Survivability Expert Planner |
| Abstract: | U.S. Army attack helicopters are arguably among the most lethal, responsive and flexible components of U.S. armed forces today, and the Comanche weapon system will see that they remain so for the foreseeable future. To live up to its potential, however, the Comanche must also be survivable on the modern battlefield, which in turn demands fast and accurate organic tactical decision making processes and supporting information technologies/tools/systems. An automated Comanche survivability and tactics expert planner (C-STEP) is needed to recognize battlefield situations, support identification of routes and tactics that reduces/minimizes detection by threats, increases survivability, and maximizes target detection and Comanche lethality. An easy-to-use, intuitive automated tool that could aid the Comanche pilot in either pre-planned or real-time selection and evaluation of alternative routes/tactics according to user-selected criteria will be tremendously valuable to Comanche pilots. A tool that could also automatically find and display optimal routes and tactics according to user-selectable criteria will be even more valuable, with the potential to increase the probability of success of any Comanche mission where survivability is an issue. This research will research and prove the concept of such a C-STEP tool. Commercial applications of automated real-time adaptive decision support include transportation applications analogous to the Comanche expert planner problem and financial industry applications where complexity and time-sensitivity make human performance problematic. |
| THORPE SEEOP
320 S. Nina Suite #14 Mesa, AZ 85210 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 969-2021
Mr. Douglas T. Thorpe ARMY 00-032 |
| Title: | Wing-Store Unmanned Aerial Vehicle |
| Abstract: | A wing-store unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is presented deployed from widely fielded existing weapons launchers. Computational simulation and modeling of the UAV as it is launched from a helicopter in hover, forward and sideward (crosswind condition) flight is considered. Comparison of simulation with data from a company 100% scale model test flown previously demonstrates accurate results of simulation. The present effort is directed at the preliminary design of the wing-store UAV for use as a "Bird Dog" off aircraft sensor provider. The pre-design UAV will be modeled and a computer simulation of the launch envelope with a helicopter downwash flow field will be conducted. A "Concept Demonstrator" UAV will be built and test flown from a test stand and from an aircraft during the proposed effort. Off aircraft sensor providers such as a "Bird Dog" UAV would have significant benefits to warfighter and commercial aviation users. Law enforcement, search and rescue, and resource managers would benefit from the application of this technology. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
75 Aero Camino, Suite A Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Dr. Thomas L. Larry ARMY 00-033 |
| Title: | Retrofit Anti-Jam CRPA for Handheld GPS Receivers |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research Corporation proposes to design a low-cost, jammer resistant antenna element suitable for legacy handheld GPS receivers. The design will mechanically and electronically interface with the handheld unit and require no change to the receiver. This active antenna device will provide 35 to 40 dB of improvement in the J/S (jammer to signal) ratio. The design itself will use Toyon's innovative electronically reconfigurable antenna (ERA) techniques. Such antennas make use of active control load devices in the antenna aperture. These devices enable the antenna characteristics to adapt to the signal environment. Toyon has considerable experience in ERA design and the design and fabrication of the associated control devices and processes. For this Army handheld application, we have taken Toyon's innovative anti-jam GPS antenna design approach and developed new innovative control techniques that allow it to retrofit the existing PLGR (AN/PSN-11) receiver. The jammer resistant GPS antenna proposed for this handheld unit will fit in a package that is 4-inches long and one inch in diameter. At the end of Phase I a proof-of-concept breadboard version of the antenna will have been designed, fabricated, and tested for its suitability as a GPS CRPA with anti-jam capabilities. Applications range from military applications, including the obvious handheld Army GPS antennas to commercial GPS applications. This electronically reconfigurable antenna concept is applicable for any commercial application of GPS, which is subjected to electromagnetic interference such as business aircraft or helicopters flying in and out of populated areas. |
| WANG ELECTRO-OPTO CORP.
2140 Newmarket Parkway Marietta, GA 30067 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 955-9311
Dr. Johnson J. H. Wang ARMY 00-033 |
| Title: | Retrofit Antijam Applique for Handheld GPS Receivers |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| ATLANTIC CONSULTING SERVICES, INC.
167 Avenue at the Common Shrewsbury, NJ 07702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 460-9416
Mr. Mark R. Lambert ARMY 00-034 |
| Title: | Interoperability between Modeling and Simulation Applications and Army Command and Control (C2) Systems for Planning/Decision Support |
| Abstract: | The utilization of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) technology to support the life cycle development, fielding, training and sustainment of military systems has demonstrated tremendous benefit as M&S applications have matured. The benefits of interoperability between M&S applications and Command and Control (C2) systems are becoming increasingly more evident as successful implementations are developed and used in Army experiments and exercises. As M&S technology improves, more successful use has been applied across domains and the benefit of interoperability, particularly in time, cost and effectiveness, has been demonstrated. The purpose of the Phase I effort is to investigate approaches for defining interoperability standards between M&S applications and Army C2 systems for planning and decision support. This will focus on Army C2 systems and constructive force-on-force simulation systems that are used for analysis, training, and as scenario drivers (e.g., OneSAF, Janus, Eagle, WARSIM 2000). This will be accomplished by developing an object model that captures the common data representation requirements to promote better interoperability between M&S applications and C2 systems. ACS will use an innovative approach for this problem through specification of the C2 representation from a purely data perspective that is independent of a particular simulation interoperability architecture. Will leverage significant investment in simulation technology to provide capabilities as part of Future Combat Systems (FCS) that will allow warfighters to "train as they fight." |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Engineering & Products Div. Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Tin M. Aye ARMY 00-035 |
| Title: | Spectral Camouflage Holographic Coating for Photovoltaic Solar Panel |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation (POC) will camouflage solar panels by modifying the reflective properties of the photovoltaic (PV) silicon cells. In current solar panels, multilayer thin film antireflective coatings and cut-off filters reject some visible wavelengths (mostly blue-green) transmit near-IR, giving them a highly reflective, specular blue-green spectral signature. POC proposes to develop a new holographic coating technology, multiplexing subtractive and additive reflection holographic structures. This can produce solar cells in any color (including black) by combining (multiplexing) three narrowbands primary color holographic coatings, which are flexible environmentally stable, rugged, nonspecular (diffuse), and exhibit no color shift with changes in incidence angle or temperature. The proposed holographic coating is commercially attractive because of its low-cost material and fabrication and compatibility with state-of-the-art solar cell technology. In Phase I, POC will investigate the proposed concept by theoretical analysis and computer simulation, and by experimentally fabricating solar cell coatings in at least four colors: black, green, brown, and tan, and will demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. The proposed spectral camouflage holographic coating will be a new generation of camouflage material, which can be applied to many kinds military equipment, vehicles, command posts, and field stations. The technology developed for camouflaging solar panels will also make solar panels that are integral to buildings aesthetically appealing. |
| EAST WEST ENTERPRISES, INC.
524 JORDAN LANE HUNTSVILLE, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 534-4782
Dr. RAMARAO INGUVA ARMY 00-037 |
| Title: | ADAPTIVE INFORMATION AND AUTOMATED DECISION AIDS FOR THE WARFIGHTER |
| Abstract: | East West Enterprises Inc. (EWE) proposes a novel method to integrate individual personal profiles of the decision maker into the overall decision making process and human system interface to achieve improved battlefield situational awareness for the command post. Through a technically sound survey and interviews with decision makers personal profiles will be generated. This will involve collection of verbal, non-verbal and neurophysical cues. Using the Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) tool, a model for the decision process in terms of audio (A), visual (V) and kinesthetic (K) responses will then be developed. Using this unique tool, the amount of information displayed as well as the information display system (graphical user interface) will be completely redesigned. EWE expects performance enhancements of several orders of magnitude in the decision making process as measured through more timely and accurate decisions because of improved situational awareness. Not only will this NLP approach improve the decision making process it will help alleviate the problem of information overload in a information rich time critical environment. This new architecture will have many applications in the government and industry. Defense and commercial applications include improved Battlespace Management Communication, Command, and Control (BMC3) human interface systems, improved decision/display aids for pilots, increased safety in the nuclear industry, and applications in the security industry. The new technology would greatly benefit all DOD agencies wherever human systems interface is involved and other agencies such as Department of Energy for safeguards and security of nuclear material, airport security,airline pilots,NASA and pilot decision making and learning strategies. |
| JONA GROUP LTD.
140 Marine Street Farmingdale, NY 11735 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(631) 420-1271
Dr. Ronald Rothchild ARMY 00-038 |
| Title: | Integrated Computer Mouse (ICM) For On-The-Move Operations |
| Abstract: | Increased use of computers on military vehicles requires operator interface with a mouse or mouse-equivalent, regularly or continuously. The interface is susceptible to influence by vehicle random motion; the differential motion between the mouse platform and the operator's hand, induced by bumps and vibration appears as a random component of on-screen cursor motion that can degrade operator effectiveness. There is a need for a practical mouse-equivalent that eliminates the effects of vehicle-induced differential motion between it's platform and it's control element. Jona proposes to address this need with a combination of hardware and signal processing. The hardware will reduce actual differential motion to a very low level. The signal processing will eliminate the effects of unintended motion that still remains. Objectives of Phase I are: 1. Develop a controller configuration that can significantly reduce vehicle-induced differential acceleration. 2. Design a package geometry that will allow precise use with minimum physiological stress and maximum long-term comfort. 3. Develop signal-processing means to remove unintended signals from the controller output. 4. Demonstrate the rejection of unintended signals by simulation. 5. Prepare a preliminary package design and formulate a test plan for prototypes to be built in Phase II. The proposed Integrated Computer Mouse (ICM) will have immunity to inertial effects up to a generous threshold, and a superior combination of high operator effectiveness with low fatigue, in a low-cost device including adaptive self-optimizing signal processing. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Subrata Das ARMY 00-039 |
| Title: | Network-Based Truth Maintenance System for Tactical Situation Assessment |
| Abstract: | The growing digitization of the battlefield gives the intelligence analyst a unique opportunity to access large amounts of information collected over time across a variety of sensors to achieve an unparalleled level of tactical situation awareness. However, before using this array of dynamically changing tactical information, the data must be correlated and fused, and, most of all, managed in a truth maintenance system (TMS) ensuring logical data consistency. Rather than adopting a highly inefficient logic-based theorem-proving approach to maintain consistency across the entire database, we propose a Bayesian belief network (BN) approach that focuses truth maintenance only on the portions of the fused data relevant to the current assessment task. Each BN is constructed to assess a specific high-level situation in the form of the commander's priority intelligence requirement (PIR). Before posting incoming evidence at a BN node, a truth maintenance procedure is invoked to detect information inconsistency between the node's current state and the state of the evidence to be posted. In the case of inconsistency, the truth maintenance procedure isolates only relevant inconsistent nodes based on the causal dependency of the network. The proposed network-based TMS thus incrementally maintains only consistent BN states to ensure trustworthy situation assessment. Commercial applications of the proposed approach to truth maintenance in situation assessment incorporating Bayesian belief network technology exist in many areas including operation centers for complex process control (e.g., nuclear power plants), financial services, credit verification, loan approval, and rail and air traffic management centers. A belief network based situation assessment procedure that focuses only on the relevant data can also solve the information overload problem in high-value complex operational environments. |
| NAVSYS CORP.
14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 481-4877
Dr. Alison Brown ARMY 00-040 |
| Title: | Geolocations with Distributed Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Sensors |
| Abstract: | Under this proposed SBIR effort, NAVSYS will develop a design for a networked SIGINT sensor architecture use Software Radio signal processing, GPS geolocation, and data fusion techniques to detect and geolocate interference sources. To achieve this propose to leverage the inherent signal processing capabilities available in the next generation of Software Radios being purchased by the US Army to allow them to act as SIGINT sensors in this Software-Radio Networked SIGINT (SRN-SIGINT) architecture. In Phase I we propose to develop the SRN-SIGINT architecture and produce a design for a Software Radio with embedded SIGINT capability to be built under the Phase II project. Our plan is to develop a design that is compatible with the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS). The operation of the SRN-SIGINT capability will be demonstrated using simulation data to show the capability to fuse TDOA, FDOA and AOA SIGINT information from multiple Software Radios. We are also proposing to demonstrate the SRN-SIGINT concept with in-house software radios and a data fusion workstation developed on another contract for GPS jammer location. Under Phase II, we propose to partner with the JTRS prime contractors to enable the SRN-SIGINT capability to transition into this operational program. The SRN-SIGINT capability integrated into the multi-spectral JTRS will provide a powerful yet inexpensive mechanism for collecting SIGINT data and distributing it to a SRN-SIGINT workstation for analysis, using a networked architecture. Commercial applications exist for this capability, embedded into personal communication systems, for geolocation of both interference sources and also personal geolocation in support of mobile E-9-1-1 applications. NAVSYS' commercial partners have applications for this capability for emergency medical response, personal safety and convict tracking operations. |
| SIGNATRON TECHNOLOGY CORP.
29 Domino Drive Concord, MA 01742 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 371-0550
Dr. Steen A. Parl ARMY 00-040 |
| Title: | Geolocations with Distributed Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Sensors |
| Abstract: | The proposed research will address issues of locating an emitter with unknown waveform, and will assess the potential for improved performance through channel multipath estimation and through the synchronized diversity effect of multiple sensors. The proposed approach embodies a new algorithm that determines the location of an emitter with enhanced accuracy by combining the data from multiple SIGINT sensors in a synchronized network. The approach generalizes AOA and TDOA, normally used in triangulation methods, and combines them into an algorithm estimating location directly. The resulting location can be distributed for digital map display over a wireless virtual private network. Sensor platforms of different capabilities and sizes are automatically combined. Sensors may include random arrays and space-time processing of varying complexity. The approach is based on a new distributed signal-combining method developed by the proposing firm for geolocation of tags. Experiments with this system for known waveforms have successfully demonstrated improved location accuracy. In Phase I the performance with unknown waveforms will be studied through analysis and simulation. Performance improvements will be investigated and compared with other techniques of comparable complexity. A prototype design will be developed for a Phase II implementation planned to be demonstrated in a JTRS-type radio. The primary application is the location and tracking of potential emitters in military operations. The proposed geolocation technique also has many law enforcement and emergency applications for locating target radios. It can be used for the location of callers using cellular handsets or wireless PDAs. In addition, the technology can be used for other emitter location and tracking problems such as locating special tags to find lost children, patients, and pets, as well as tracking parolees, cargo and vehicles. |
| STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, INC.
1909 Jefferson St. Napa, CA 94559 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(707) 226-9933
Dr. Chris W. Reed ARMY 00-040 |
| Title: | Geolocations with Distributed Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) Sensors |
| Abstract: | SSPI proposes to develop a SIGINT tool that would produce high-accuracy emitter position estimates for a large class of measurement types including propagation time (PT), time difference of arrival (TDOA), frequency difference of arrival (FDOA), and angle of arrival (AOA). If the source is known to be near the surface of the earth and a digitized terrain map is provided, this information can be used to enhance the quality of the estimate. The robustness and general applicability of the proposed Maximum Likelihood approach make it ideally suited for high-accuracy geolocation through the combining of multiple geo-observables from distinct types of SIGINT sensors. The proposed general-purpose geolocation technique can be used for law enforcement and emergency services to locate a transmitter. The technique is also applicable for FCC to locate unauthorized transmitters. Another potentional application is to locate malfunctioning or modified radios in a cellular or PCS communications system. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Greg L. Zacharias ARMY 00-041 |
| Title: | Information Operations Decision-Aid for Rapid Response Individual Vulnerability Assessment |
| Abstract: | Information Operations (IO) preparation typically takes advantage of large staffs and years of planning, with much of the effort focused on well-researched threat decision-makers. The situation is different now, with a rapidly changing focus towards unpredictable "hot spots" on the globe, and with unconventional Operations Other Than War (OOTW) missions. We propose to address this problem by prototyping a decision-aid that compensates for small staffs, short response times, and, most critically, a lack of knowledge concerning the individual decision-makers targeted by a PSYOPS operation. The approach is based on the following: 1) we have available a long-term knowledge store on potential threat groups and their associated key psychosocial/behavioral attributes; 2) we have only limited knowledge of threat individual decision makers, possibly only their group affiliations; 3) we can combine known group attributes with known individual affiliations, to infer likely psychosocial/behavioral attributes of that individual; 4) we can combine key situation characteristics with the inferred individual psychosocial/behavioral attributes, to make reliable estimates of expected behavior in a given OOTW situation. We propose to evaluate different approaches to researching and prototyping this type of decision-aiding function by combining behavioral and organizational knowledge within a hybrid architecture of complementary artificial intelligence inferencing techniques. We see considerable potential for application of the behavior prediction, decision-aiding, and visualization prototype in the commercial area, specifically in high volume, time critical financial transactions. These include the commodities futures market, local and national stock exchanges, and international currency markets where much, if not all, of the market movements are governed by psychological and organizational factors, well beyond the ken of conventional financial and economic analysis. The focused application of a PSYOPS-oriented tool in these arenas could have a significant impact on the perceptions of other players in the market and could translate to significant increases in profit margin for active traders in these markets. |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-1400
Mr. Fred Reed ARMY 00-042 |
| Title: | Data Sonification |
| Abstract: | A Semiotic Design Methodology for Data Sonification Display of complex information through sound, or Data Sonification (DS), is a promising technology that remains relatively unexploited in both military and non-military information systems. The primary reason for this deficit is the lack of satisfactory design knowledge, methods, and process for economically and reliably deploying DS applications. We propose to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel, unified design methodology for Data Sonification (DS) based on a fundamental theory of sign systems, or "semiotics". Using semiotic theory as a framework, CHI proposes to integrate and extend DS-relevant research and practices into a comprehensive, systematic, end-to-end process for deploying DS applications. This effort will enhance development of DS applications through: maximum use of existing design knowledge, greater synergy of all design phases based on a common theoretical foundation, reduced time and cost to deploy DS applications, and better integration of DS in multi-modal workstation design. This enhanced development capability would open up new opportunities for commercialization of DS technology in a broad range of applications, including data mining, process control, simulation and modeling, software engineering, education and training, and games. In addition, DS has broad applicability anywhere the user is visually disabled or in reduced-visibility environments. |
| SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING CORP.
101 West Sixth Street Austin, TX 78701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Dr. N.B. Penrose, P.E. ARMY 00-043 |
| Title: | Electronic Warfare Environment Simulator System (EWESS) |
| Abstract: | SPEC proposes to develop an Electronic Warfare Environment Simulator System (EWESS) based on the latest digital synthesis modulation techniques. The hardware-in-the-loop simulator system will be based on SPEC's state-of-the-art Advanced Digital RF Memory (DRFM) Kernel architecture based on its proprietary direct digital synthesis (DDS) coherent modulation core. The Advanced DRFM Kernel architecture's inherent characteristics will provide the EWESS the ability to simulate any radar or communications system in its frequency range, including those with complex emitter characteristics such as stagger, agile, jitter, pulse Doppler, and other scan types. It will be capable of creating scenarios where many different emitters separated by frequency, time and other parameters can be simulated. The system will retain the major beneficial operating characteristics of the synthesizer; low cost, sub-microsecond response time, phase coherence, low phase noise and spurious content, high reliability, small size and weight for airborne or man-portable applications. In the Phase I program, SPEC will work with potential customers to determine required parameters and system performance specifications. Following this, SPEC will determine the key software and hardware components that will interface with the Advanced DRFM Kernel to produce the EWESS. In Phase II, SPEC will build and demonstrate a prototype EWESS. The development of the EWESS will provide the Government with the state-of-the-art in EW hardware-in-the-loop simulation capabilities. This capability is critical for the next generation warfighter. The EWESS technology has immediate application to the digital wideband communications market. |
| SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
3490 U.S. Route 1 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 520-0610
Dr. Robert M. Brubaker ARMY 00-044 |
| Title: | A 640x512 Short Wave Infrared Mini-Camera for Low Light Level and Range-Gated Imaging |
| Abstract: | Sensors Unlimited Inc. will deliver a 640x512 pixel miniaturized camera utilizing a new Indium Gallium Arsenide focal plane array. The array will be sensitive to the 0.9 æm to 1.7 æm short wave infrared wavelength band. The final camera will include system noise less than 20 electrons for night vision imaging, no image lag at video display speeds, and snapshot-mode exposures less than 5 æs for range-gated imaging. During Phase I, we will design and simulate CMOS readout integrated circuit architectures. The 32 best candidates will be combined in a 128x128 pixel array. The final layout, ready for fabrication, will be delivered at the end of the program. We will also improve the InGaAs photodiode array using a novel buffer structure. The new array will be hybridized to an existing readout to characterize the material. The focal plane array will be delivered at the end of the program. During Phase II, we will submit the readout design to a foundry for fabrication. The readout will be hybridized to an InGaAs array and evaluated. The results will be used to select the best design for fabrication in a 640x512 pixel format. The final FPA will then be characterized and delivered in the final miniaturized camera. The output of this program will be the next generation FPA, with a lower noise readout and improved InGaAs material. Generally, this will allow use of cameras at lower light levels and higher temperatures, which will extend their use and decrease costs associated with cooling. Commercially, a high resolution, low noise device is desired for applications such as night surveillance by civilian police departments, and ice detection for aircraft, bridges and roadways. |
| INTEGRATED SENSORS, INC.
502 Court St. Utica, NY 13502 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 798-1377
Dr. Charles Ferrara ARMY 00-045 |
| Title: | Real-Time Image Restoration for Generation 3 Forward Looking Infrared Systems |
| Abstract: | Integrated Sensors, Incorporated (ISI) proposes to evaluate a variety of image restoration algorithms for a compact, real-time, high-resolution FLIR implementation. The target hardware solution is a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) multiprocessor architecture. These provide the speed of a hardware implementation, while offering the reprogramming flexibility of a general-purpose processor. Algorithms such as adaptive Wiener filters and recursive maximum likelihood / entropy optimizations are among those under consideration. All of these require precise models of the system MTF (Modulation Transfer Function). The Wiener approach is nonrecursive and would be the simplest to implement, while the recursive approaches tend to perform better under nongaussian conditions. A major challenge is to improve the convergence time of the recursive approaches. Innovation is also required to structure these algorithms for an efficient, real-time solution. The algorithms will be evaluated using restoration performance and computational requirements as key discriminants. The performance will be evaluated subjectively on real images and quantified using minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) measurements on simulated data. A hardware solution will be customized to support the most promising algorithm. ISI will include this technology as part of its ImageExpressT commercial motion analysis system, to enhance measurement accuracy. Commercial applications include the enhancement of ISI's ImageExpressT product line and marketing the technology to vendors of high resolution FLIR and consumer video systems. |
| INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-7130
Dr. Emile Fiesler ARMY 00-045 |
| Title: | Real-Time Image Restoration for Image Enhancement and an Increased Target Acquisition Range |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Army has expressed a need for improved real-time target acquisition capabilities of strategic systems for tactical applications such as battlefield data collection, reconnaissance, and search and rescue operations. To address this need, Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) proposes to develop a super-resolution processor module that will greatly improve the imagery of third-generation, forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor systems. The IOS Super-Resolution (SuRe) processor will be a digital signal processor (DSP) chip that will implement a state-of-the-art restoration and super-resolution algorithm in real time. The processor will significantly extend the range of third-generation FLIR sensors, significantly increasing their capabilities for target surveillance and tracking. An image restoration algorithm capable of processing the output of a staring, focal-plane array with a time delay of less than two frames will be demonstrated during Phase I. During the project, IOS will conduct market analysis and identify financial and other support to ensure the successful commercialization of the SuRe processor. The ability of the SuRe processor to function in real time and its significant benefits in size, weight, and cost will make it extremely competitive in many areas where the enhancement of acquired imagery data is desired. In addition to greatly enhancing the target surveillance and tracking capabilities of military sensors, the SuRe processor will be beneficial in non-military applications such as: air traffic control (landing aids and runaway monitoring); improved video cameras for surveillance and security applications; enhanced imagery devices for industrial product inspections and quality control; and numerous civilian airborne-surveillance tasks such as crop and forest monitoring, and the monitoring of land-use. |
| OBSERVERA, INC.
4451 Brookfield Corp. Dr. Chantilly, VA 20151 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(800) 444-6905
Mr. Todd Jamison ARMY 00-045 |
| Title: | Real-Time Image Restoration for Generation 3 Forward Looking Infrared Systems |
| Abstract: | Observera, Inc. has teamed with the Sarnoff Corporation to research, design and prototype a real-time image restoration system for large format, low noise IR focal plane arrays (FPA). Phase I will identify and prototype an image restoration algorithm that is capable of increasing the target acquisition range of third generation FLIR systems by 50%. The Phase I "option effort" will look at multiple image restoration techniques as a means of improving image quality. A real-time image restoration system will also be designed that meets the latency requirements with less than 2 frame delay between input of image and output of restored image. The Phase II effort will be characterized by rapid prototyping methodologies, spiral development, and real-time processing objectives. The Observera/Sarnoff Team has a strong record of past performance and proven capability in commercializing advanced imaging and video technologies. Our extensive experience in algorithm/hardware evaluation, real-time video exploitation, advanced image processing, and high-performance computing hardware technology make our team uniquely qualified for this task. Super resolution technology will be incorporated into our commercial video processing hardware and software. This effort will allow high-resolution displays for low-resolution video and digital cameras and allow aerial video images to be more fully utilized for intelligence, targeting, damage assessment and battlespace awareness. Civilian applications for our products include land-use management, utility and transportation corridor monitoring, surveillance, and environmental protection. |
| EE SOLUTIONS, LLC
219 West Main Street Newark, DE 19711 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(302) 831-8170
Dr. Dennis W. Prather ARMY 00-046 |
| Title: | Electromagnetic-Based Computer Aided Design (CAD) for Wavelength Scale Optics |
| Abstract: | In this effort we proposed to develop an integrated software environment for the rigorous electromagnetic analysis and design of diffractive optical elements (DOEs). To this end, we will develop a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) specifically geared towards DOEs; we will refine, expand and integrate our suite of electromagnetic analysis tools based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method; and we will incorporate both discrete and continuous optimized design methods. The need for such a tool arises from the rapid miniaturization in modern technologies. Manufacturers are pushing for linewidths of 0.1 um and less in mass production. Thus, optical and electro-optical devices fabricated with subwavelength features will go from state-of-the-art to ubiquitous. As the components within these systems reduce to a scale comparable to their operational wavelengths, traditional methods used to analyze their performance become inaccurate. Therefore we propose to overcome this limitation through the development of a computer aided design (CAD) and analysis package that is based on an exact 3D electromagnetic model. The software will be designed specifically for a PC platform and incorporate an intuitive graphical user interface. To create and enabling tool for the burgeoning field of diffractive optical elements and micro-optical devices. |
| INDIGO SYSTEMS CORP.
5385 Hollister Ave #103 Santa Barbara, CA 93111 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 690-6640
Mr. William Terre ARMY 00-047 |
| Title: | Micro Air Vehicle and Weapon Sight Infrared (IR) Camera |
| Abstract: | While the advantages of a thermal weapon sight are well-recognized, the disadvantages of all current IR sights include excessive weapon-borne weight (>5 lb), awkward size (>>100 in3), and high power consumption (>5 W). These drawbacks significantly detract from the utility of a weapon sight, making it a burden rather than a battlefield aid. Recent advances in the development of very low-powered miniature IR cameras (i.e. the UL3 camera developed by Indigo Systems) offer tremendous opportunity to eliminate these drawbacks. UL3 stands for Ultra-Low Size, Ultra-Low Weight, and Ultra-Low Power. The UL3 family of uncooled microbolometer cameras has unleashed exciting new opportunities for the application of infrared technology in important commercial applications such as fire-fighting, security/surveillance, and predictive maintenance. UL3 also provides critical new technology to substantially advance the effectiveness of man-portable military systems and micro-sensors. Indigo Systems, in conjunction with Insight Technology, propose to develop a weapon sight based on the UL3 family of miniature IR cameras. During Phase I, a conceptual design of a ruggedized, wireless sight employing a 320x240 microbolometer array will be developed. In parallel, the detailed design of a demonstration sight built around Indigo's ALPHA„ camera will be completed. Miniaturized electronics will be designed to generate reticle patterns and menu overlays on the IR imagery. User controls and a battery compartment will be developed with a strong focus on ergonomics, location, and ease of use. To optimize the design around these and other MANPRINT considerations, Indigo will enlist the considerable experience of Insight Technology. A prototype of the ALPHA„-based demonstration sight will be fabricated as a Phase I Option. The proposed development will result in a configuration of an IR micro-camera featuring an integral battery compartment, user controls, on-screen symbology, and a wireless video link. In addition to its military utility, this complete stand-alone system serves a broad range of man-portable sensing applications, such as firefighter vision systems, law enforcement, environmental and industrial imaging. |
| IRVINE SENSORS CORP.
3001 Redhill Avenue Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 444-8833
Mr. Charles S Kaufman ARMY 00-047 |
| Title: | Micro Air Vehicle and Weapon Sight Infrared (IR) Camera |
| Abstract: | Irvine Sensors Corporation (ISC) will develop a modular miniaturized uncooled thermal imaging system. The system's camera head will be based on a miniaturized microbolometer sensor head currently under development at ISC. This camera head can then either be integrate with a miniaturized wireless data link or an image stabilization module. When configure with the wireless data link this system is a mini-thermal imaging targeting system for handheld weapons. This configuration will include the camera that will display imagery on a GFE HMD via a short range covert wireless link. The output to the HMD will include an aim sight that will overlay the camera's image. The input to the HMD will be a standard video format that will be compatible with COTS HMD as well as integrate Helmet/HMD currently under development for the US Army. The other configuration will replace the short range wireless link with a miniaturized image stabilization module, and is intended for a Micro Unmanned Air Vehicle application. The technical innovations that will be addressed include the development of a short range covert wireless link between the weapon/weapon sight and a HMD, and the low power miniaturized image stabilization function. The anticipate benefit of this project is the development of a imaging sighting system for handheld weapons and UAV applications. The potential commercial applications include both local and federal law enforcement agencies. A simple derivative of the system (without the HMD and wireless link) |
| ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(952) 829-5864
Dr. Maher N. Kaddoura ARMY 00-048 |
| Title: | Adapting IP QoS Provisioning Techniques to Wireless Networks |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CORP.
2300 Windy Ridge Parkway Atlanta, GA 30339 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 989-9551
Dr. Peter Sholander ARMY 00-048 |
| Title: | Adaptable Packet-Switched, Battle Command Information |
| Abstract: | True end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) support for DoD applications requires the integrated use of various protocols and services. Some of the necessary tools include policy management that distributes QoS policy to the network links/nodes, policy enforcement methods, QoS-aware routing for mobile ad-hoc networks, traffic classification, and resource reservation techniques (e.g. signalling support) so that applications can request their desired QoS from a network. Systems that address policy management and policy enforcement are commercially available and gaining acceptance. As such, this Phase 1 SBIR effort will focus on the traffic classification, resource reservation, and QoS-based routing problems, with an emphasis on retrofitting technically and economically viable solutions onto legacy end systems such as Windows workstations and PCs. In particular, SRC will develop an architecture which may use one signalling technique (such as RSVP) between the user and the first network element, and different techniques (such as Diffserv) within the network core. SRC has already developed software technology (IP Overdrive) for the Windows platform that classifies important network traffic, and hence enables QoS in the both Local Area Networks and the network core. Enhancing the existing IP Overdrive software to provide support for resource-reservation signaling will successfully address both the traffic classification and resource reservation problems. Finally, SRC can leverage its existing work on the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) to address QoS-aware routing for the mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) prevalent in DoD tactical applications. |
| TRLOKOM, INC.
124 Vista Circle Dr. Sierra Madre, CA 91024 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 836-5545
Dr. Jayant Shukla ARMY 00-048 |
| Title: | Security and QoS in Packet-Switched Networks |
| Abstract: | IP is today's dominant networking protocol. Newer version of this protocol is expected to be used in the next generation wire and wireless networks. However, the lack of quality of Service (QoS) and data security are the two major shortcomings of the IP protocol. Unauthorized data or resource access on IP networks has been facilitated by the lack of these services. Trlokom proposes to develop a system that integrates data security and QoS. Our system will use dedicated hardware to improve the cryptographic data processing to the wirespeed. Strong authentication of the data packets transmitted over the network will form a natural defense against the network based attacks, such as the DoS attacks. The APIs for RSVP and Differentiated Services (DS) will be used to provide QoS for the applications. The QoS and security support in our system will ensure proper functioning of the applications even when the network is under an attack. Our proposed system can also be used for building interactive video applications, virtual private networks (VPNs), and multi-level security systems at a low cost. At the end of Phase I, we will deliver an architecture to provide security and QoS to the applications in the IP networks. A security system with QoS and hardware crypto accelerator can be used for various applications, such as virtual private networks, multi-level security system, multi-media multicast etc. This system will provide end-to-end security and QoS that is easy to use at a reduced cost. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4171
Dr. Patricia Wilson ARMY 00-049 |
| Title: | Embedded Antenna Loops for the VHF-UHF |
| Abstract: | The next generation Warrior systems pose a number of challenging problems for communications. In particular, the fast-growing amount of information the individual soldier is required to receive and transmit requires radio and communication systems with increased performance. This need is complicated by current antennas which impede the mobility of the soldier by protruding from the soldier system. In addition, the high loads carried by the soldier put pressure on system designers to seek technology which can reduce weight. What is needed is an antenna system which is conformal to the body and which can be embedded into the soldier system to optimize performance and mobility. Foster-Miller and its partner, BAE Systems, plan to design and evaluate such an embedded antenna system as part of the proposed program. (P-00860) The proposed development of a wearable antenna system for the dismounted soldier will provide a major improvement in communication performance, operational logistics and soldier safety. Body borne, loop antenna technology, which eliminates the need for antennas that protrude from the body, has high market potential in applications such as the following: law enforcement, large system maintenance, wearable computers, and special operations and disaster relief. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4266
Mr. Scott Meller ARMY 00-050 |
| Title: | Bluetooth RF Solutions for Short Range Military Applications |
| Abstract: | Wireless communications are becoming a preferred method of sending information anywhere in the world. Wireless systems have gone beyond radio, telephones, and television, to include computer networks, merchandising services, data systems, and personal communications devices. Advances in technology are making wireless communications easier, safer, of higher quality, and less expensive every month. This rapid development of wireless technology is creating new opportunities and challenges for communications users and suppliers. Recent Army battlefield experiments have identified the need for more effective wireless communications. The military needs RF systems with the ability to self-assemble in ad-hoc networks when brought in close proximity to one another. Short range wireless systems are needed both for dismounted soldiers voice/data communications and for quick network assembly of computer equipment in Command Posts. The opportunity now exists to leverage new short range RF devices developed by the computer and communications industries to military applications at significantly reduced cost. Luna Innovations and the Center for Wireless Telecommunications at Virginia Tech propose to develop a miniature, robust, telemetry system for military applications based on the emerging Bluetooth technology, standard for short range RF communications championed by the major companies in the computer and communications industries. Luna Innovations anticipates large non-defense related markets in industrial preventive maintenance systems and diagnostic instrumentation. Specific applications include spacecraft and aircraft monitoring and control, nuclear/conventional power plant health monitoring, transportation vehicle design and testing, and industrial rotating machine monitoring. |
| TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC.
10201 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 691-7780
Mr. Dan Bindbeutel ARMY 00-050 |
| Title: | Single Chip, Low Cost, Very Short Range Radio Frequency (RF) Systems for Military Applications |
| Abstract: | Recent advancements in integrated circuit miniaturization and network topologies in the communications industry have given rise to the development of products providing short range (less than ten meters) wireless connectivity for both voice and data communications. Several industry initiatives, among them Bluetooth and HomeRF, have created de facto standards for RF systems that operate using spread spectrum modes in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands of frequencies, at very low power levels. One promising application for this emerging technology is in the area of wireless personal area networks (WPANs). Trident proposes exploiting this technology to provide secure wireless voice and data links between soldier-borne systems such as combat net radios, personal GPS units (PLGR), and digital message transfer devices (DMTDs), as well as tetherless intercom connections for vehicle crews and associated dismounted personnel. These links will enhance operational efficiency by eliminating cabled connections and providing dynamically self-configuring personal voice and data network connectivity on the battlefield. Trident will exploit its background in portable SA/C2 systems to develop a solution that integrates readily into the Army's battlefield digitization effort. The successful completion of this project will provide the Army with a flexible, practical solution for short-range wireless voice and data connectivity. This capability will reduce task complexity and enhance operational efficiency associated with tactical communications for both mounted and dismounted personnel. The resulting system would be immediately applicable for use by other military services (USMC, SOCOM), and has direct applications for a variety of commercial markets, from wireless industrial control systems to personal voice and data connectivity for mobile internet and intranet users. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
2 Research Place Rockville, MD 20850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 590-3155
Dr. Leonard Haynes ARMY 00-052 |
| Title: | Survivable Networks Based on Mobile Agents |
| Abstract: | The innovations herein described are specific methods to use active networks hosting mobile agents to achieve efficient, flexible, survivable wireless communication networks. The methods proposed use mobile agents interacting using a contract net paradigm to maintain dynamic knowledge of the network connectivity, to select near optimal routes, and to provide bandwidth and latency control for a wide range of instantaneous user requirements. A specific method which we have used very successfully in other domains is also detailed to provide in-network data mining for certain classes of data anomalies. This capability will allow the network to detect situations requiring increased priority and possibly modifications to packet destinations. Lastly, this proposal describes a fundamental problem with fully decentralized networks, gives data to support its occurrence, and proposes a specific method to reduce the occurrence and mitigate the impact of this problem. During the proposed Phase 1 work, these innovations will be investigated using proprietary tools designed specifically to build mobile agent systems. These tools will simplify the development of a network simulation, and will also simplify the development of the agent code that will form the basis of the active network. IAI has investigated one small application for robust wireless networks for wireless interconnection of hospital equipment, and for high value inventory tracking within hospitals. Even this tiny domain is estimated to be in the several billion dollar range. |
| APS MATERIALS, INC.
4011 Riverside Drive Dayton, OH 45405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 278-6547
Mr. Philip H. Chitty ARMY 00-054 |
| Title: | Advance Anode Materials for Electro-Osmotic-Pulse Technology to Control Water Intrusion in Porous Structures |
| Abstract: | There is a need for research and development of new and cost effective anode materials and processes to facilitate the already successful Electro-Osmotic-Pulse (EOP) Technology for controlling moisture in existing concrete structures. The new anode technology will extend use of EOP to a broader range of construction materials to include masonry block, brick and stone structures. There is also a need for the innovative anode technology to be integrated with these building materials during new construction. Moisture control can be accomplished by the onsite thermal spray deposition of suitable EOP anode materials. This involves the possibility of several different thermal spray processes including but not limited to two-wire arc and plasma spray. In addition, further enhancement of existing anode technology for new and existing building structures using various precious metal catalytic coating processes in conjunction with a greater variety of titanium substrate configurations also provide the opportunity for significant EOP Technology advancement. For Phase I, CerAnode Technologies Division of APS Materials, Inc., will investigate at the laboratory scale the practical options available for eventual use in the field during phases II & III. The availability of the new cost-effective anode technologies tailored for the construction market described will create many new applications in both commercial and military sectors. The successful control of moisture intrusion into building facilities will increase the quality of life in terms of health and comfort as well as greatly reduce the traditional costs associated with providing moisture free storage and warehousing. Consequently, the innovative anode technology will find immediate interest in the overall construction market. Reliable state-of-the-art anode materials for 20 to 50-year life are expected. APS Materials, Inc. has 25 years of experience and has applied well over 2000 different material systems using a variety of thermal spray processes in the laboratory, in our production facility and in the field. It will therefore be in a position to commercialize the anode technology in phases II & III. |
| ADVANCED FUEL RESEARCH, INC.
87 Church Street East Hartford, CT 06108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 528-9806
Dr. Stuart Farquharson ARMY 00-055 |
| Title: | Combinatorial Synthesis and Screening of Sensing Nanomaterial for Warfare Agents |
| Abstract: | The overall goal of the proposed program is to provide military personnel with a hand-held analyzer capable of detecting chemical and biological agents, as well as toxic industrial chemicals. This will be accomplished through the use of a new nanocomposite material (metal-doped sol-gel) that enhances analyte specific Raman signals sufficiently to allow identifying and quantifying agents at relevant concentrations (microgram/liter, part-per-billion). Phase I will employ combinatorial chemistry to synthesize four medium sized libraries of sol-gel coated sample vials varying in composition and properties (e.g. polar, non-polar, positive charge, negative charge) and screen their surface-enhanced Raman (SER) activity towards chemical simulants and potential biological agent signatures. Baseline performance will be established using a high resolution, high sensitivity, hand-held Raman spectrometer. Phase II will automate the combinatorial synthesis and screening process to allow the generation of large sol-gel nanomaterial libraries to determine the chemical compositions that maximize detection of each chemical agent, bioagent signature chemical, and toxic industrial chemical by SER spectroscopy. Screening with actual agents will be performed at U.S. Army facilities. Finally, the sol-gel nanomaterial will be designed into sampling systems for discrete or continuous monitoring of air or water by a hand-held Raman analyzer capable of wireless data transmission. In addition to military personnel, the proposed technology would have immediate use in monitoring domestic water supplies (drinking and recreational) and detecting release of toxic chemicals at industrial plants. It would also be applicable to environmental analysis of groundwater (e.g. leaking agent storage facilities or pesticides from agricultural). The proposed SER active medium represents an enabling technology and is broadly applicable to pharmaceutical, biologic, medical, and chemical research. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Huaibing Liu ARMY 00-056 |
| Title: | Novel Integrated Materials for Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuits |
| Abstract: | The use of plastic-encapsulated microcircuits (PEM's) is one of the new major thrust areas in military electronic component packaging. PEM will potentially replace hermetically-sealed ceramic and metal devices presently used to achieve and maintain high reliability in military use environments. On the proposed Phase I effort, Triton Systems will apply its broad experience in polymeric materials design, nanomaterial engineering and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding to create integrated polymeric materials that will have the potential of significantly advancing the current state-of-the-art in encapsulation material performance for non-hermetic integrated circuits. The materials will be designed to have a microporous percolating structure for rapid escape of moisture during thermal assembly to eliminate popcorning effect. Inorganic fillers will be incorporated in the formulations to lower the coefficient of thermal expansion and to enhance the thermal conductivity. Incorporation of rubber particles into the matrix will also be evaluated as a way to lower the modulus. During the Phase I option, the selected formulations will be further enhanced to provide integral EMI shielding without comprising electrical resistivity. In Phase II, we will optimize the material formulations and carry out a component-level demonstration by applying the selected materials to the integrated circuit package frames. There is an immediate need of plastic-encapsulated microcircuits with improved high reliability in military electronics packaging. Materials optimized for better thermal and mechanical characteristics will lead to increased operational cycles before failure and lowering replacement costs. The integral EMI shielding and increased thermal conductivity will allow further integration, higher density integrated circuits, reduced volume and increased functionality. |
| UTILITY DEVELOPMENT CORP.
112 Naylon Avenue Livingston, NJ 07039 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 994-4334
Mr. Harry S. Katz ARMY 00-056 |
| Title: | Non-Hermetic Electronic Encapsulant Materials |
| Abstract: | Our main objective will be to investigate and develop an affordable, high performance organic material formulation and application/molding process that will significantly advance the state-of-the-art in current encapsulation material performance for non-hermetic integrated circuits (ICs). The new encapsulants will be permeable to moisture and have controlled coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and modulus of elasticity properties that minimize stress between the printed circuit board (PCB) substrate and integrated circuit. Fillers will be used to improve thermal conductivity and reduce the thermal expansion coefficient. Additives will be used to improve the adhesion and fire retardance. The developed encapsulants will be tested by the encapsulation of small parts by UDC and testing by end users. At the end of Phase I, we will provide a report with results and conclusions, and a Phase II plan, schedule and cost estimate. This program will provide a high performance non-hermetic electronic encapsulants. These encapsulants will improve the performance, lower the cost, and improve reliability of nearly all electronic components used in weapon systems. Encapsulants for microcircuits are urgently needed throughout the commercial sector as well as in defense. Examples include computers, cell phones, and all devices with microcircuits. This technology will provide lower cost and higher performance in all of these applications. |
| COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY
174 North Main Street Dublin, PA 18917 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 249-9780
Dr. Sanford M. Dash ARMY 00-057 |
| Title: | Transient Jet-Interaction Combustion Modeling |
| Abstract: | Interceptor missiles achieve high maneuverability in final phases of their mission via the use of divert/attitude control jets. Jet firings are of relatively short duration (10-40ms) and the aerodynamic interaction process is highly transient, characterized by large regions of jet-induced separation. The interactive process is strongly dependent on afterburning of jet exhaust constituents and on particulate interactions for heavily metalized DACS motors. Concerns of combustion products reaching seeker windows and related particle obscuration/radiative heating issues also need to be addressed. Present abilities to support missile design are limited by computer resources with high-fidelity simulations for a fraction of the transient event requiring use of 64 or more processors and taking months to complete. This proposal addresses present limitations by advances in numerics and parallel code architecture, as well as in inclusion of pertinent physics and thermochemistry. Key elements of work proposed address: new zonal, multi-time step parallel architecture strategies to make the solution process more efficient, and, inclusion of advanced dynamic turbulent transitional models and pdf-based turbulent combustion models which have a first-order effect on jet interactions at higher altitudes (h>30km). An optional task to examine use of unstructured numerics with specialized dynamic grid adaption is also proposed. The research proposed is of obvious benefit to the interceptor missile community and we have supported both DoD and prime contractors (Lockheed, Raytheon, .) for many years in design-related issues pertinent to divert/attitude control jet interactions. This effort will clearly enhance our commercial relationships with both DoD and prime contractors. In addition, transient jet interactions are of interest to the automotive and spray coating communities and we have been working with industry (Ford Motor Co., Sulzer Metco, .) in supporting advanced design work. Lastly, pulsatile spray injection is being investigated to enhance mixing in next generation airbreathing missile systems and this work has great relevance to the design of next generation combustors. |
| CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC.
34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 538-0444
Dr. Alexander H. Boschitsch ARMY 00-058 |
| Title: | A Revolution in Heat Conduction Software |
| Abstract: | This research will revolutionize commercial software for heat conduction by using non-Fourier conduction to predict transient temperatures in solids. Here "non-Fourier" refers to applications where the standard model of Fourier's law fails to provide accurate predictions. Using non-Fourier conduction is revolutionary because commercial software currently uses Fourier's law despite the growing number of applications that can be correctly simulated only with non-Fourier conduction. Incorporating non-Fourier conduction into these simulations can improve the accuracy of predictions that rely on temperature, including thermal stress, solid-phase reactions, and phase changes. Also, the effects of non-Fourier conduction can be exploited to devise new materials and processes not obvious with Fourier conduction. The key objectives for Phase I are to: (i) Provide an analytical expression for determining the relative importance of non-Fourier and Fourier conduction, (ii) Demonstrate a technique for numerically solving non-Fourier problems as a precursor to software development in Phase II, (iii) Determine the conditions for which non-Fourier conduction is important to help identify experiments needed in Phase II to validate non-Fourier software. The non-Fourier software resulting from this research will have an impact across an enormous range of applications, such as improving the performance of rocket nozzles and heat shields constructed of composite materials, optimizing the ignition of granular propellants in rocket motors, advancing the laser-fabrication and repair of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and microchips, designing better clothing to protect against thermal burns, and guiding laser surgery. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Philip Gatt ARMY 00-059 |
| Title: | Agile-Pulse Dual-Mode High-Power Eyesafe Doppler Lidar |
| Abstract: | CTI has demonstrated helicopter signature detection using both long and short pulse lidars. A long-pulse lidar is optimal for sensing increases in spectral width, however this signature is susceptible to wind turbulence and shear clutter. Short pulse lidars are optimal for inflow-signature detection, however they require much longer update times. To satisfy these two competing effects, CTI proposes to develop a novel agile-pulse dual-mode coherent lidar. In the turbulence-detection mode, the scan rate of this compact 5 W lidar will exceed 90 degrees in 15 sec, while providing 5 m cross range resolution at 5 km. CTI will leverage its experience in the field of wake-vortex detection and tracking to develop advanced algorithms for the reduction of clutter-induced false alarms. Inflow-signature detection will be accomplished using a short-pulse. Here, update rates less than 10 seconds per LOS are expected. In both modes, a velocity precision better than 20 cm/s at ranges in excess of 5 km is expected. In Phase I CTI will develop, test and refine advanced clutter rejection algorithms utilizing previously and newly acquired data sets and develop a preliminary lidar design. In Phase II CTI will develop, test, and demonstrate the prototype sensor and implement the advanced clutter-rejection algorithms in CTI's real-time signal processor. The proposed Phase I/II program will result in the development of a compact, agile-pulse, efficient, high power eyesafe coherent lidar. This technology will have application in many military as well as commercial settings. Potential commercial applications include clear-air-turbulence detection, general aviation wind shear detection, airport wind surveillance, and environmental monitoring. Military applications include helicopter signature detection and correction for precision airdrop and ballistics weapon systems. |
| LITE CYCLES, INC.
2301 N. Forbes Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85745 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 798-0652
Dr. James T. Murray ARMY 00-059 |
| Title: | Portable High Resolution Doppler Lidar |
| Abstract: | The Phase I effort will define an optimized, portable, rugged, incoherent, eye-safe Doppler lidar system for use in detecting wind velocity above helicopters at ranges greater than 5 km. Initial system design and component specifications will be completed in this effort. Lite Cycles, Inc. intends to commercialize this technology within both the DoD and the private sector. There are three primary private sector markets that have applications for this technology: (1) Wind shear detection at high altitudes for Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) for commercial airlines; (2) Wake vortex detection lidar systems on major airport runways to space incoming landings safely; and (3) Wind sensing for weather prediction. The Clear Air Turbulence requirement is a result of passenger and crew injuries and death on commercial flights when encountering CAT during a flight. The CAT risk is higher when flying over certain mountain ranges. Airlines are interested in an affordable solution to early warning instruments that will allow either flight course changes or a seat belt buckle advisory for passengers. Coherent lidar systems have limited use at 30,000 ft altitude and above because they depend on aerosol scattering for the return signal. Direct detection can use the return from molecular scattering, so it is not dependent on the availability of aerosols to provide the return. Incoherent Doppler lidar is less complex than coherent systems and will be more robust, compact, and less expensive. CAT instruments could potentially be installed on most commercial aircraft worldwide. This is a large number of systems and constitutes a large enough market to justify development of a system both for incorporation into new aircraft and for retrofitting existing aircraft. The wake vortex detection instrument is used to determine the wake vortex trailing large aircraft during landings at airports. Current airport regulations for time between aircraft landings are based on experience. An instrument to measure and report wake vortex data for each aircraft would allow far safer and considerably higher landing rates at busy airports. The market is worldwide, and airports with high traffic rates would be targeted for installation of these systems. Larger airports may require several systems to cover multiple runways. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
20600 Gramercy Place Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Dr. Paul Shnitser ARMY 00-059 |
| Title: | High-Precision Eye-Safe Doppler Wind LIDAR |
| Abstract: | In response to the Army's request for a compact eye-safe light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device for high-precision, remote measurement of atmospheric turbulence caused by air vehicles or natural phenomena, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a frequency modulation (FM) LIDAR based on a powerful continuous wave (CW) laser diode. Utilizing the possibility of direct modulation of the laser diode emission with a high frequency, such a system can provide both a high-range resolution and a high accuracy of Doppler shift measurement. Simplification of the signal processing electronics will be achieved by employing a voltage-modulated optical detector for range measurement. The Phase I project will include a comprehensive system analysis and design of its major components. In Phase II, the LIDAR prototype will be built and delivered for testing and performance evaluation. During both Phases I and II, POC will conduct market analysis and identification of financial and other resources that will ensure successful commercialization of the new technology in Phase III. In addition to its specific military application for the detection airborne targets by their turbulence signatures, the proposed compact, eye-safe LIDAR can be widely used at military and civilian airports for detection of wind shear and other strong atmospheric vortexes. Such vortexes can be generated by large aircraft and can exist in the atmosphere for a long time after a large aircraft lands. They are extremely dangerous for smaller aircraft. Wind shear, microbursts, and other clear-air disturbances are dangerous for both large and small aircraft. The proposed LIDAR will enhance air traffic safety. |
| COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY
174 North Main Street Dublin, PA 18917 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 249-9780
Dr. Sanford M. Dash ARMY 00-060 |
| Title: | Missile Aero-Acoustic Response Modeling |
| Abstract: | Large dynamic pressure loads occur on missile airframes produced by aerodynamic interactions associated with lateral/divert jet firings and from varied separation events (stage, shroud, submunitions dispense). The accurate prediction of such loads is a critical element of missile design since mission failures have been directly related to vibration problems (e.g. guidance component failure) stemming from such interactions. No first-principles-based simulation methodology is available to support design, and present engineering methods have proven to be inadequate. The Phase I effort initiates the path towards development of an advanced modeling framework. Key elements include: (1) the formulation of a hybrid LES/RANS CFD framework to predict rigid body dynamic pressure loads associated with divert jet firing interactions; (2) the validation of this framework using new PIV data with detailed turbulent statistics; (3) the inclusion of rudimentary structural response capabilities into the CFD code which will primarily attenuate the dynamic loads on the missile surface. An optional task is proposed to investigate the dynamic loads on a seeker window associated with the shroud separation event. The partially open shroud has resonant characteristics of a forward facing cavity and there are very strong bow shock oscillations and resultant large dynamic loads on the seeker window. There are no existing high-fidelity techniques to predict hypersonic flow structural aero-acoustic response associated with events producing surface vibrations. In addition to providing major benefits to the entire missile community, this research has direct applicability to the design of reusable launch vehicles and to space planes which must perform multiple missions and thus have more stringent structural requirements. It is also directly applicable to the design of missile launchers and to scramjet combustors where plume/fuel jet aerodynamic interactions produce large dynamic pressure loads. Discussions with NASA and prime contractors have indicated significant commercial potential for this modeling to support space/launch vehicle design. |
| OPTICAL INSIGHTS, LLC
1807 Second Street, #28 Santa Fe, NM 87505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 955-1585
Dr. Mark Hopkins ARMY 00-061 |
| Title: | Polarization Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) |
| Abstract: | Optical Insights (OI) proposes to successfully marry its polarization imaging technology with LADAR imaging technology to create an integrated imaging system. The introduction, by OI, of its multi-channel imaging technology makes simultaneous acquisition of two-dimensional polarization images possible using a low-cost, portable, lightweight, and rugged optical system. OI will team with LADAR system manufacturer, Schwartz Electro-Optics, Inc. (SEO), to create the integrated system. The Phase I effort will significantly contribute to the state-of-the-art by (a) quantitatively defining the requirements for coupling polarization and LADAR imaging into a single imaging system using existing technologies and products and (b) developing a conceptual design, based on the defined requirements, to marry two separate, but complementary, technologies for improving target detection and discrimination. While most Phase I efforts attempt to establish the feasibility of design ideas via modeling or simple breadboard experiments, this Phase I effort will accomplish a more thorough and convincing feasibility study by leveraging products that have already been developed for these purposes. OI and SEO propose using their existing base of products to carry out the initial feasibility assessment. With minor modifications, both products can work side-by-side to acquire both polarization and LADAR images of the same scene. There are a variety of applications that could benefit greatly from a portable polarization LADAR imaging system. Aside from the target identification and discrimination applications in the defense industry, polarization LADAR imaging systems can be useful in meteorological applications such as identification of the constituents of cloud formation for determining storm development. The aviation sector as well as the department for transportation (DOT) represents two other markets that can use polarization LADAR sensing. In both cases it can be used to identify ice formation (on wings, runways and roads) and fog for collision and crash avoidance. Additionally, polarization LADAR imaging can have significant utility in crop inspection applications. Recent research has suggested that polarized laser remote-sensing measurements can be correlated to crop yield, the NDVI, and the leaf area index. |
| ANVIK CORP.
6 Skyline Drive Hawthorne, NY 10532 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(914) 345-2442
Mr. Marc Zemel ARMY 00-062 |
| Title: | Maskless Lithography System for Generation of High Density DNA Microarrays |
| Abstract: | Recent developments in DNA microarray generation technology have made entirely new methods of gene analysis feasible. The DNA microarray can greatly facilitate research in the areas of drug and vaccine discovery, disease screening, and toxicology, among others. Therefore, the importance of a low-cost, high-resolution, high-throughput DNA microarray generation system cannot be understated. Current DNA microarray generation techniques suffer from severe limitations. The development of a new DNA mircoarray generation technique that has the high resolution of photolithography with the low cost of operation of mechanical deposition would significantly accelerate the pace of gene research. In this proposal, we present a method to generate DNA microarrays using a maskless lithography system. The maskless lithography system incorporates a large-array spatial light modulator to serve as a programmable mask. The spatial light modulator technology is integrated with Anvik's patented seamless scanning technology to produce a breakthrough in lithography system development that allows rapid, high-density DNA microarray generation at low cost. In the Phase I program, we will optimize the design the lithography system and develop the process specifically for DNA microarray generation. In a follow-on Phase II program, we will optimize the process and construct a fully functional DNA microarray generation system. The proposed system will enable the generation of DNA microarrays at higher densities, higher throughputs and lower costs than possible with current manufacturing techniques. These advances will benefit numerous military and commercial researchers in the areas of drug and vaccine discovery, disease screening, toxicology, and biological warfare agent detection. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4174
Dr. Vladimir Guilmanov ARMY 00-063 |
| Title: | Design and Characterization of a Two-Bag Blood Products Lyophilization System |
| Abstract: | Storage blood bags become vulnerable when they are defrosted. In particular, the U.S. Army has reported many instances of significant loss of blood products from storage bag breakage. Freeze drying of blood products may be considered to be an alternative to the current practice of cryopreservation. In general this technique is well established and is widely used for the preservation and long term storage of protein drugs and microbial cells. The lyophilization of platelets and red blood cells has recently been demonstrated. This proposal addresses the problem of lyophilizatoin of the blood products in a collection and storage bag. The general design and experimental strategy for the program involves the design of a two-bag, blood products lyophilization system, the selection and characterization of the inner and outer bag materials, and lyophilization of the test product. In particular, the water vapor transmission rates of commercially available polymer membrane materials will be experimentally determined. The optimization conditions for lyophilization of bovine serum albumin and various blood products will be determined. A Phase I Option task will extend the test program to include modification to the polymers to obtain optimum water vapor permeation and to carry out extensive blood product testing. (P-00886) This system provides the desired simplicity of collection, preservation, storage, reconstitution and dispensation of the blood product in one device. The primary use of the technology will be for improving the availability of blood products in the field under emergency situations for the Department of Defense. Commercial applications would include use in rural and disaster care situation where freezer facilities are not available. |
| MINI MITTER CO., INC.
20300 Empire Avenue Bend, OR 97701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(541) 322-7272
Dr. Jack E. McKenzie ARMY 00-064 |
| Title: | General Purpose Miniature Thermometer for Remote Monitoring of Soldiers |
| Abstract: | Mini Mitter Co., Inc. will design a body temperature telemetry system that will provide the US Army with an innovative and cost-effective method for monitoring body core temperature and skin temperature of soldiers in the field. We will demonstrate the feasibility of a system supporting ingestible pill thermometers as well as multiple skin patch thermometers with on-board transmitters. The precision thermometer sensors and the thermometer packaging will be derived from Mini Mitter's proprietary temperature transmitters. A body-worn receiver will identify individual thermometers and automatically calibrate each sensor. Periodic radio-frequency transmission techniques will multiplex thermometers and eliminate cross talk between their transmitters. Microelectronic assembly techniques with simplified manufacturing processes will meet the US Army's price objectives of $10 - $20 per thermometer. Mini Mitter's solution will apply directly to the US Army's Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring program. Phase I objectives are: (1) verify that our existing technologies can support the performance requirements, (2) determine a method of data transmission, and (3) compose a high-level engineering plan for system development in Phase II. Mini Mitter's unique combination of experienced physiologists and strong engineering staff creates an optimal environment for success, providing the scientific and technical expertise to design this system. Mini-Mitter has identified several market segments that will benefit from the development of a General Purpose Miniature Thermometer for Remote Monitoring. These segments include Military Operations, Medical Clinical Research, Hospitals, and Industrial Heat Stress monitoring. The most important and most immediate are the military applications. Key military operational applications include (1) scientific research to evaluate the effects of thermal stress on physical performance; (2) improving the guidelines for troop training regimens; and (3) monitoring of the soldier's physiological data for evaluating the combat efficiency, mission readiness, and safety of troops. |
| INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-7130
Dr. Allan Wang ARMY 00-065 |
| Title: | Imaging Modality to Identify Angiogenesis |
| Abstract: | The goal of this project is to develop intelligent imaging software for the automated identification and analysis of angiogenesis. The project will demonstrate the feasibility of using this innovative technique for clinical angiography. The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is a critical component in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as in the healing of wounds, bone fractures, and ulcers and other angiogensis related diseases. There is, however, no software specifically designed for analyzing angiogenesis. Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc. (IOS) proposes to develop a user-friendly innovative method for the automatic, reliable, rapid, sensitive, and accurate identification and analysis of angiographies acquired from Magnetic Resonance Imaging, computerized tomography, or Doppler ultrasound. This method will use neural network assisted imaging analysis software to identify and analyze the angiogenesis. This software will be useful in the diagnosis of angiogenesis in bone fractures, ulcers, cancer growth and metastasis, diabetes-induced retinal pathy, rheumatoid arthritis, and coronary disease. In addition, the timely analysis of angiogenesis may help soldiers avoid unnecessary surgical interventions and reduce injury morbidity and mortality resulting from complications. Over 1000 research laboratories and 200 companies are engaged in angiogenesis research and development. These studies will potentially benefit over 65 million surgical patients, 10 million eye patients, 7 million heart patients, and over 9 million cancer patients in the U.S. IOS will demonstrate the feasibility of this new technology by using innovative imaging analysis to meet the requirements for the specific, rapid, and accurate diognosis of clinical angiography. |
| ANTEX BIOLOGOCIS, INC.
300 Professional Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20879 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 590-0129
Dr. Richard Walker ARMY 00-066 |
| Title: | Development of a Microbead Whole Cell Delivery System for Oral Immunization against traveler's diarrhea |
| Abstract: | Antex biologics is developing inactivated whole cell vaccines for oral delivery to prevent infections by bacteria causing traveler's diarrhea. A new, possibly breakthrough, microbead formulation technology is being developed which should be evaluated for its potential to enhance these inactivated whole cell vaccines. These beads should improve the safety, stability and immunogenicity as well as ease of administration of the whole cell vaccine. In this Phase I SBIR, Campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of diarrhea, will be prepared as a dry formulation by spray-coating the inactivated bacterial cells onto a sugar/starch microbead core and then covering the antigen-coated core with a methacrylic acid copolymer. The microbeads will be insoluble at gastric pH, but will be readily soluble at higher (intestinal) pH. This formulation will be tested for its oral immunogenicity and efficacy in a mouse model Antex has developed. This effort should provide a means to better achieve immunoprotection against enteric infections, for which no vaccines are now available. It may also establish an approach for more effective oral vaccines against a broad range of infections. Potential populations for use of such a product include deployed military personnel, international travelers, and global and national public health and child immunization programs. |
| LYNNTECH, INC.
7610 Eastmark Drive College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 693-0017
Dr. Duncan Hitchens ARMY 00-067 |
| Title: | A New Soluble Powder for the Sterilization of Medical/Dental Instruments |
| Abstract: | The objective of this project is to develop a new disinfectant/sterilization system that can be easily deployed to support troops in the field. The standard method of sterilizing medical instruments, by high temperature steam autoclave, is impractical for many field uses due to size, weight, and power constraints. Liquid sterilization methods can be used to sterilize medical equipment when autoclaving is impractical. However, existing liquid sterilants have a number of limitations. Many liquid sterilants are unstable, contain ingredients that are potentially harmful to personnel, or are difficult and costly to transport. Thus, there is a continuing need for a new practical, safe, sterilants for medical instruments in challenging environments. This project concerns development of a novel cold sterilant formulation consisting of a stable dry powder. Large volumes of liquid sterilant can be prepared from potable water, thereby minimizing logistic demands. The proposed formulation is stable at room temperature and is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacterial spores. Preliminary testing of the formulation indicates a high potential for sterilization of medical equipment in 30 minutes at room temperature. The prospects for regulatory acceptance are high because the ingredients have little potential to impact on human health. The proposed research will demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, focusing on sterilization verification and stability testing protocols. A powdered sterilization formulation has significant dual use applications in medical situations in an austere environment. In addition to military uses, the resulting technology has numerous uses in the private sector including, industrial hygiene, food safety, hospital infection control, hazardous spill cleanup, and emergency response management. Lynntech's management team is experienced in obtaining private sector funding for technology commercialization through strategic partnerships with companies serving the infection control market. |
| SRICO, INC.
2724 SAWBURY BOULEVARD COLUMBUS, OH 43235 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 799-0664
Dr. Stuart A. Kingsley ARMY 00-068 |
| Title: | High Frequency Optrode System for Ambulatory EEG Monitoring and Wireless Signal Transmission |
| Abstract: | There is a need for small, lightweight, low-power sensors for real time, unobtrusive monitoring of the physiologic status of individuals in military and civilian environments. Studies show that sleep deprivation can dramatically reduce performance. For example, monitoring the electroencephalogram (EEG) of military personnel can indicate a soldier's level of alertness and sleep/wake status. Such monitoring would enable field commanders to assess and predict the overall group performance level and take appropriate action. This study will design and demonstrate the technical feasibility of a high frequency (1 kHz) optical electrode (optrode) system for acquisition, transmission, and analysis of EEG signals for real time determination of alertness state. The optrode sensors will meet real world needs for insensitivity to motion effects and electromagnetic interference. Also the sensors should be comfortable enough to be "wear and forget". Only in this totally non-intrusive format will the sensors provide for monitoring of physiologic parameters in a realistic, free-ranging scenario. Further, the sensors will be compatible with the standards set for the soldier's wireless personal area network (pLAN) to allow for transmission of the physiologic information to military command and medical personnel. Benefits are all-optical, insensitivity to electromagnetic interference and motion, no adhesives or gels, timesaving, cost saving, non-intrusive. The EEG optrode technology can also be used in civilian settings to evaluate alertness levels of operators of heavy machinery, truck drivers, aviators, and others working in around-the-clock occupations that demand high levels of performance. Other commercial applications include anesthesia awareness monitoring, sleep study research, and mobile medical monitoring for space flight, commercial aviation, emergency patient care, and routine diagnostic assessment. |
| SOLUS BIODEFENSE
700 New Hampshire Ave NW Washington, DC 20037 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 215-9373
Dr. Roger von Hanwehr ARMY 00-069 |
| Title: | Synthesis of Combinatorial Chemical Libraries Containing Potential Inhibitors of Botulinum Neurotoxin Protease Activity |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Engineering & Products Div. Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Andrew Kostrzewski ARMY 00-070 |
| Title: | Virtual Medical Training System |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation proposes to develop a high resolution, high quality image generator and display for combat trauma surgery training. The Virtual Medical Training (VMT) system, based on our patented 3-D display technology, includes a 3-D display (horizontal geometry without headwear) for the trainee and instructor linked to a virtual human database with an injury generator and a haptic feedback device. The Holographic Horizontal (H2) screen and 3-D projection display 3-D objects floating over the screen surface where each viewer can see the same object from his or her own perspective. The 3-D effect is achieved by projecting slightly different views of the object in front of each viewer at a high refresh rate. The viewer can move freely within the volumetric 3-D zone that extends out from the edge of the screen. The essence of the system is a special type of screen that converges the light into a narrow beam slice of about 1 degree (2 mm wide) representing a single view of the object that is time multiplexed (shifted in front of the viewer), producing a multiplicity of views. The narrow beam position is synchronized with the rendering of the corresponding view, producing a true 3-D effect. The major benefits are efficient training of medical personnel. The system can also be used in television, robotics, and teleoperation. Additional applications include video games and CAD/CAM simulation. |
| MATTEK CORP.
200 Homer Ave Ashland, MA 01721 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 881-6771
Dr. Seyoum Ayehunie ARMY 00-071 |
| Title: | Development of a Vaccine for the Treatment and/or Prevention of Cancer |
| Abstract: | Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy in the United States. With the exception of lung cancer, it is the leading cause of death in men in the country. By age 80, the risk of developing prostate cancer is estimated to be 1 in 7. Despite increased public awareness, regular check-ups, and improved therapeutic interventions, greater than 31,000 American men will die from prostate cancer during calendar year 2000. The current proposal seeks to develop a new form of immunotherapy using dendritic cell based DNA vaccines to combat this serious disease. During Phase I, in vitro studies will be performed to lay the groundwork for an improved DNA vaccine against prostate cancer. This vaccine will result in increased antigen presentation by utilizing dendritic cells (DC) to administer a combination of prostate cancer, immuno-stimulatory cytokines, and chemokine receptor genes. The transformed DC will be more efficient at presenting antigen to T cells resulting in enhanced killing of prostate cancer tumor cells by cytolytic T-lymphocytes. The proposed vaccine offers a therapy for advanced prostate cancer for which currently no cure is available. The proof of concept in vitro studies in this proposal will form the basis for Phase I and Phase II human clinical trials. In addition to providing a means of combating this serious, often-fatal disease, the proposed vaccine strategy will find applications in other fields of cancer, including breast and ovarian cancer, as well as in fighting infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS. |
| MEGAWAVE CORP.
PO Box 614 Boylston, MA 01505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 869-2700
Mr. Marshall Cross ARMY 00-072 |
| Title: | Innovative Soldier Conformal Antenna Suite |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes our approach for establishing the technical feasibility of developing an innovative, body conformal VHF/UHF antenna suite capable of being integrated into the MLLE and providing mixed polarization coverage regardless of the soldier's position (prone-to-standing) and orientation. We will investigate three advanced techniques: use of Tesla's series connected bifilar-wound ribbons of metal sputtered upon Kapton film around small diameter flexible ferrite-in-rubber tubes forming a loop around the back of a soldier's waist; feeding COTS "T" and grounded-line "postage-stamp" PCS/ISM elements against artificial dielectric groundplanes to improve performance and decrease SAR and switching these elements using miniature gravity-actuated liquid, ball or moving magnet/reed RF switches to select the element, from sets of elements located at various positions on the MLLE, that best provides the required radiation pattern as a function of soldier position. Our proposed work is divided into mostly analytical during Phase I followed by laboratory evaluation of several key and enabling technologies during the Phase I Option period. Body conformal VHF/UHF antenna systems that can be incorporated into military or civilian worn equipment items and clothing will eliminate the need for protruding whips or "rubber-ducks," reducing size and weight. When used with artificial dielectric groundplanes, "postage-stamp" sized wireless antennas will have increased efficiency and decreased SAR. |
| STAR-H CORP.
51 Spring Dell Rd. Lancaster, PA 17601 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(717) 394-1981
Mr. G. Yale Eastman ARMY 00-072 |
| Title: | Soldier Conformal Antenna Suite |
| Abstract: | The team of STAR-H Corporation and the Electrical Engineering Department of The Pennsylvania State University propose to develop for the Army a high performance, wide band, VHF/UHF receiving and transmitting antenna, or suite of antennas, that can cover an unusually broad range of frequencies and be worn by a soldier in the field. It will be light in weight, weatherproof, launderable, efficient and as nearly omni-directionable as possible. The enabling technology originated in a totally different field, thermal radiators for NASA lunar and Martian power plants, and lends itself well to this new purpose. The proposed technical approach is inherently low in cost, readily adaptable to quantity production and compliant. Preliminary models of the new antenna have been designed, fabricated and tested over a ten kilometer range at power levels from 1 to 35 watts in the UHF portion of the spectrum, meeting several of the Army's goals in advance. The proposed antenna has potential beyond its military significance. It is expected to be adaptable for use for relaying cell phone and data communications inside buildings and tunnels. |
| STIRLING TECHNOLOGY CO.
4208 West Clearwater Ave Kennewick, WA 99336 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(509) 735-4700
Mr. Raymond M. Erbeznik ARMY 00-073 |
| Title: | Feasibility Study of a Diesel-Fueled Micro-Cogeneration System Integrated with Military Experimental Mobile Kitchens |
| Abstract: | Stirling Technology Company proposes to perform a feasibility study of a Micro-Cogeneration System based on a proven free-piston Stirling engine to provide quiet, efficient and reliable electricity and thermal energy for advanced military field kitchens that use Centralized Thermal Fluid Heater technology. Diesel fuel will be combusted in a radiant matrix burner to provide heat for the Stirling engine. Waste heat from the engine will be used to heat water while the burner exhaust provides heat for the thermal fluid heater. The system will provide up to 3 kW of electricity and 100 kW of heat at efficiencies well above 75%. The design of the system will incorporate an existing Stirling cycle engine and leverage heavily from natural gas fired cogeneration and boiler systems already developed for European homes. A conceptual design will be developed to address any foreseeable integration issues, and the feasibility of a diesel-fired radiant matrix burner will be demonstrated in the Phase I project. Introducing the Stirling Micro-Cogeneration System (SMCS) into the Rapid Deployment Kitchen will have several benefits. First, the SMCS will eliminate the need for noisy, dirty, high-maintenance and inefficient internal combustion (IC) generators to supply electricity for the field kitchen. The SMCS can be integrated directly into the kitchen's Central Thermal Fluid Heater System (CTFH) to provide electricity and thermal energy internally. The SMCS will also dramatically improve the efficiency of the kitchen by reducing the wasted heat from 27.5 kW to less than 15 kW. The reduction in waste heat provides a more safe and comfortable working environment for the kitchen staff. With the cooling fan as the loudest component, the Stirling cycle generator operates in virtual silence so the introduction of the SMCS will not add any audible noise to the normal operation of the kitchen Without the need for lubricating oil or periodic maintenance of any kind, the RG-3000 is very clean and easy to operate once installed, with no harmful or unsanitary fluids to dispose of. The maintenance-free, useful life of a Stirling generator typically far exceeds the total operating life of even a well-maintained IC engine. The inherent long life of the Stirling cycle generator, combined with superior fuel efficiency makes the Stirling more cost effective to operate than an IC generator. The RG-3000 is clearly preferable to IC engine generators for providing heat and power cogeneration in, not only kitchens and laundries, but in many types of field logistical equipment. Following development for military applications, this technology will be viable for use in commercial mobile kitchens, laundries and for use in rural and off-grid homes. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Richard Barnard ARMY 00-074 |
| Title: | Flame/Thermal Protective Fabric Test Apparatus |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I program, Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop a prototype testing apparatus to evaluate protective clothing fabrics for military procurement approval and test the protective performance of commercial fabrics. PSI's design includes an IR radiant heat source, skin temperature measurement, a skin-simulant material, an adjustable sample platform, sensors measuring incident heat fluxes and thermophysical properties of the fabric sample, and relevant burn injury calculations. The system components will be integrated into an automated system that is capable of running multiple test scenarios and analyzing the data directly from the user interface. Phase I will demonstrate that an innovative system design utilizing the latest technologies is feasible for meeting the specified technical objectives. During the proposed program, PSI will evaluate a series of design concepts and develop a prototype to demonstrate concept feasibility. A detailed design and additional testing of the prototype is included as a Phase I Option task. The successful completion of this program will provide the Army with a new and quantitative capability for the evaluation and procurement approval of protective fabrics. The proposed development will benefit government agencies in effectively evaluating protective fabrics in flame/thermal testing. The Army will obtain an improved capability in testing commercial fabrics for military procurement purposes. The apparatus will also be applied to commercial companies and organizations that produce and test fabrics for industry use. These industries include factories, power plants, car racing, airlines, and others involving fire hazardous environments. |
| CLEVER FELLOWS INNOVATION CONSORTIUM
302 10th St. Troy, NY 12180 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 272-3565
Mr. John A. Corey ARMY 00-075 |
| Title: | Thermoacoustic Refrigeration of Large Food Storage Containers |
| Abstract: | Operational demonstration of a CFC-free, electrically-powered thermoacoustic refrigeration unit is proposed, enabled by cost-shared availability of proposer's patented STAR resonant drivers. STARs (developed in part through previous SBIR work and already used in acoustic cryocoolers) uniquely resolve the primary performance problem demonstrated in all previous thermoacoustic refrigerators: the efficiency and power limitations of conventional drivers. STARs exhibit high electro-acoustic efficiency, intrinsic capacity modulation, and compact power delivery. The proposer's extensive experience with Stirling and thermoacoustic machine development assures similarly effective results in analysis, design, and production of specialized heat exchangers and other components proposed for this integrated thermoacoustic system. The work statement includes analysis, design, construction, and a proof test. There is a configuration study with cycle analyses to compare mechanical arrangement options in simulation (using DeltaE and Sage modeling codes). This is expected to show (for the optimal configuration) an average energy efficiency greater than existing vapor-compression equipment. Construction of a proof unit is included, using an existing STAR motor drive from the proposer's cryocooler products. Testing of the proof unit against a laboratory load will be done, to demonstrate electrically-driven thermoacoustic cooling power sufficient to serve the Army's 40 cubic foot field kitchen refrigerator (650 Btu/hr). STAR-powered, modulating, thermoacoustic refrigeration can significantly improve the logistical impact of food storage on Army field operations. Commercialization of this technology depends on early demonstration of superior energy efficiency and operational flexibility. The proposed Phase 1 project enables both military and commercial gains. For the Army's use, the anticipated results of this project provide a food storage cooling system that consumes less energy overall and exhibits significantly lower peak power, noise, and maintenance demand. Total field-use energy consumption includes not just steady-state operation, but transportation and support logistics. STAR-thermoacoustic cooling, lower peak power draws (through modulation) and lower maintenance demand (of simpler, long-life non-lubricated components) can reduce the size of field generators and the spare parts inventory essential to fielded readiness. Less to haul means more energy savings and enhanced operational flexibility. Smaller generators and higher efficiency mean less fuel carried and lower thermal signatures, too. The absence of conventional refrigerant in the proposed equipment also furthers the Army's mission to minimize adverse environmental impact in its operations. For commercial use, the proposed development of a military refrigerator is a necessary catalyst and a proving ground for advanced equipment that can address a huge number of civilian applications. The STAR-thermoacoustic cooling system is expected to offer overall performance superior to conventional vapor-compression systems, at comparable cost and size, in most cases where the cooling is delivered directly adjacent to the refrigeration machinery. These include: household and commercial refrigerators and freezers, grocery storage and display cases, vending machines, hotel room air conditioning/heat pumps, window and rooftop air conditioners, industrial cabinet and electronics cooling, and truck trailer and railcar cargo coolers. Only split system uses, like household central air conditioning, are not now practical to address. The proposers have identified a $16 billion/year addressable US market for these target applications. Present technologies use refrigerants that retain significant ozone-depletion or global-warming potentials and must be phased out soon. Other identified alternatives (e.g., absorption, thermoelectrics) have severe penalties in size, complexity, or efficiency. Adoption of the STAR-thermoacoustic technology proposed for this project in even a small fraction of these applications can eliminate the environmental threat while reducing the enormous electric energy consumption applied to such cooling, without major changes to the packaging or production of most products and at a reasonable cost. 1) 1.9 Trillion kWhr/yr, $73Billion/yr for US Household 1997& commercial buildings 1995. This represents about 1/4 of total electric consumption for these sectors. |
| ACCURATE AUTOMATION CORP.
7001 Shallowford Road Chattanooga, TN 37421 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(423) 894-4646
Dr. John Mankowski ARMY 00-076 |
| Title: | Development of Radio Frequency Mitigation Technologies for Missile Defense Electronics |
| Abstract: | Accurate Automation Corporation is proposing the development of a plasma limiter for the protection of sensing electronic equipment from high power EM radiation. The Limiter is essentially a self-breaking, fine-point, electrode placed within the receiving transmission line. In Phase I, AAC will begin development and testing of the concept in an S-band resonant ring located at Texas Tech University. The testing matrix will include breakdown for several gases at a range of pressures, various point diameters, and gap distances observing primarily breakdown development time and reflection and transmission characteristics. This work will lay the foundation for future Phase II development and research into an X-band system. The commercialization of this product will apply to a variety of sensing technologies. The potential market is tremendously broad and includes radar systems, telecommunication systems (mobile phones), and DSTV. Additionally, this technology applies to both ground based and spaced based systems. |
| GOMEZ RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
2707 Artie Street Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 551-0431
Mr. Michael Madewell ARMY 00-076 |
| Title: | Development of Radio Frequency Mitigation Technologies for Missile Defense Electronics |
| Abstract: | Increased demands on the reliability of solid state electronics operating in an enriched electromagnetic environment necessitates the development of protection devices that cover a broad frequency band and that protect against high powers and pulses with very short rise times. Current limiters have not been able to provide this wide range of protection. The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate a Fractal Limiter Device (FLD) that will protect sensitive electronic systems from various forms of high power Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). The physical realization of such a device is accomplished by exploiting the fundamental properties of fractal antennas and signals (i.e., their geometrical similarity). In this proposal, it will be shown that the geometrical self-similarity of radiation patterns emitted by fractal antennas allows one to construct transmit and receive fractal antenna elements that function as a receiver protection device (i.e., limiter). The FLD offers substantial advantages over traditional limiters in that it will exhibit faster response times (picoseconds) and will provide reliable protection from a wider variety of high power external signal interference. The objective of Phase I is to prove, through assembly and test, that a FLD can be produced that will mitigate the effects of various forms of high power electromagnetic pulses on electronics. The need for cost effective limiter devices exhibiting fast response times and high power handling capabilities is continually growing in both commercial and defense electronics markets. Specific FLD applications include protection of communication receivers, computer networks, radio and television receivers, and medical diagnostic equipment. |
| FARR RESEARCH, INC.
614 Paseo Del Mar NE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 293-3886
Dr. Everett G. Farr ARMY 00-077 |
| Title: | An Ultra-Wideband Antenna Built Into a Parachute |
| Abstract: | While explosive munitions are quite effective at causing damage due to blast and fragments, their radius of damage is somewhat limited. We seek here to introduce a method of increasing the damage radius by adding an RF weapon system to the munition, consisting of an impulse source and a broadband antenna. By this technique, additional damage will be created in the area by upsetting computers and communications systems in the vicinity of the attack. A key part of the RF weapon system is the antenna. We propose incorporating an antenna into the parachute of a munition as it approaches its target. Such a device would be similar in form to a collapsible impulse radiating antenna (CIRA) that is currently manufactured and sold by Farr Research. The parachute would be fabricated in part from a conducting ripstop nylon that would simulate a parabolic reflector. We call the combination of parachute and IRA the Para-IRA. During Phase I we will build a prototype antenna on a small scale. We will test the device at our time domain test facility, and we will provide a preliminary design for a larger-scale design. We will talk with parachute manufacturers to investigate the challenges of incorporating an antenna into a standard parachute design. This research will lead to a new design for an ultra-wideband antenna embedded into a parachute. This device will be one part of a hybrid system that combines an UWB RF weapon with a high explosive munition. Such a weapon extends the damage radius beyond that of a simple explosive munition. |
| ENGINEERING MATTERS, INC.
23 Farwell St. Newton, MA 02460 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 965-8974
Dr. David Cope ARMY 00-079 |
| Title: | Large-Scale Common-Mode Current Rejection |
| Abstract: | There is a demonstrated need to protect power lines from disruptions to the Earth's magnetic field which can induce currents in the electrical conductors of such communications systems and pipelines. These disruptions can be caused by high altitude detonation of nuclear weapons or by solar activity. These geomagnetically-induced currents (GICs) cause saturation of the transformers, resulting in increased heating, generation of harmonics, and reactive power demand, each of which can lead to problems with system operation and dramatically increased corrosion rates of metallic pipelines. During the Baseline program, Engineering Matters will develop protective system designs for transformers and transmission lines in conjunction with our commercial utility teammate. We will then demonstrate the success of these designs in tests using sub-scale systems. During the Optional Task, we will design an additional technique to protect rotating synchronous generators. Electric system infrastructure preservation and reliable delivery of high quality electric power will be aided by the development of GIC mitigation techniques. |
| TECHNOLOGIES & DEVICES INTERNATIONAL
8660 Dakota Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20877 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 208-8342
Dr. Alexander Syrkin ARMY 00-080 |
| Title: | High-Temperature High-Power Silicon Carbide Power Device for Hybrid Vehicles |
| Abstract: | TDI proposes to develop high-power silicon carbide normally off junction field effect transistor (JFET) for military and commercial applications. Recently TDI has reported silicon carbide pn structures grown by sublimation and liquid phase epitaxy and demonstrated building blocks for SiC power devices including low resistivity Ohmic contacts to p-SiC, highly doped p+-4H-SiC layers, 4H-SiC pn diode chips with breakdown field > 2MV/cm and low leakage current. 6H-SiC diode chips with stable electric breakdown at 50 kW/cm2 dissipating power were demonstrated. These results open the opportunity to fabricate robust high-power high-current SiC devices. JFET is known as most reliable and rugged device with excellent current sharing capabilities having much better high-temperature reliability than Schottky diodes, MESFETs or MOSFETs. The goal of the Phase I is to prove the concept, design, demonstrate and test 4H-SiC normally off JFET. Detail device modeling will be performed to optimize high-power/high-current device performance. Modeling and experimental results will be compared with published data. In the Phase II, we will focus on the fabrication and characterization of SiC power JFETs scaled to 1500 V and 2000 A level. High performance SiC power devices for electric power conversion and traction motor control will find a host of applications in military vehicles, air platforms, space platforms, in commercial components like industrial motor drives, power converters and power supplies. |
| UNITED SILICON CARBIDE, INC.
100 Jersey Ave. Building D New Brunswick, NJ 08901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 565-9500
Mr. Peter Alexandrov ARMY 00-080 |
| Title: | Design and Fabrication of a Novel SiC Power Device |
| Abstract: | We propose to design, fabricate, and commercialize a novel SiC power device for high temperature and high power applications. The proposed device does not reply on a future solution to the problem of gate dielectric reliability at high temperature and electric field. Successful demonstration of the proposed device would rapidly accelerate the development and pratical applications of SiC power devices in harsh environment. In Phase I, we plan to carry out a detailed computer modeling and experimental study (i) to show the expected performance advantages of the proposed SiC power switch over the existing SiC devices, (ii) to simulate both DC and AC performances at temperatures up to 250 C, (iii) to quantify a structure for experimental demonstration, (iv) to experimentally fabricate the proposed power switch, and (v) to fully characterize the device performance. In Phase II, we will further develop the required processing technologies to fabricate improved versions of the proposed device based on improved design and modeling. We will reduce the ON-state voltage drop, increase the blocking voltage, substantially improve the current capability, and clear show the advantages of the proposed SiC power switch over the existing SiC switches. High temperature SiC power switches for ground and sea vehicles, for actuator controllers and power supplies in air platforms, space platforms and weapons systems with extensive commercial applications in traction drives in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, industrial motor drives, power converters, power supplies and appliances. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4283
Mr. Robert Lee Cardenas ARMY 00-081 |
| Title: | Bridge Anchorage Systems |
| Abstract: | Anchor systems are used to keep military support bridging in place and to withstand the water currents flowing in the wet gap they span. Current anchorage systems use kedge anchors, which are dropped from individual pontoons of the floating bridge to the streambed, and a combination of overhead lines connected to towers at each shore and guy lines. Experiences at the Sava River at Zupania, Croatia, demonstrated several specific shortcomings in the present anchorage system. The systems are time consuming to emplace, cumbersome to transport, prohibit periodic opening of the waterway for river traffic or to clear debris buildup on the upstream face of the bridge, and in the case of the poor river bottom conditions in Croatia just didn't work. By developing a system that is operationally more flexible and effective than current equipment, is easily maintained by operational units and is based on widely available commercial and industrial components, we can both increase the operational effectiveness of US Army bridging units and reduce the overall costs of the Bridge Companies. The new system may incorporate a system of lightweight, rapidly deployed anchors which can provide reliable anchorage for dry (access/egress situations) and submerged conditions. (P-00808) A successful development program will result in a logistically efficient system that will support the future Ribbon Bridge installations. Rapidly deployed and lightweight anchor systems have application in the maritime support, construction and forestry industries and will find utility in Emergency Response situations. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Magnus Snorrason ARMY 00-082 |
| Title: | Scene Estimation & Situational Awareness Mapping Engine (SESAME) |
| Abstract: | Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) must have self-localization capabilities, not just in abstract units like longitude & latitude, but with reference to real terrain. The ideal solution uses both onboard sensing (for real-time local scene information) and preloaded digital maps (for a global perspective). We propose to develop a Scene Estimation & Situational Awareness Mapping Engine (SESAME) to accomplish this goal for UGVs such as Utah State University/TARDEC's T3. Our design will use mature commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) stereo cameras and computer vision processors, enabling us to deliver a robust, fully-functional system at the end of Phase II that does not rely on exotic, high-cost hardware. In Phase I, we will specify hardware requirements (and optionally evaluate available COTS stereo camera vision systems & acquire one), design the overall system architecture and all algorithms, and implement & evaluate software prototypes for key algorithms. Our mapping engine will generate local high-resolution digital elevation maps (DEMs) in real-time from stereo input and integrate with preloaded low-resolution DEMs. Our scene understanding algorithms will use color and shape to classify objects by material class (grass/foliage vs. rock/concrete, etc.) and category (tree vs. road, etc.). Situational awareness is then derived from correlating detected objects with known locations. SESAME has direct commercial potential to numerous DoD, DoE, and private industry UGV projects as a situational awareness module designed for low-cost COTS stereo cameras. The developed situational awareness algorithms also have excellent commercial potential as a spin-off product for the computer game industry: a software development kit that enables game developers to easily add sophisticated path planning capabilities to their games' built-in artificially intelligent opponent. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. B. Ravichandran ARMY 00-082 |
| Title: | Navigation, Scene Understanding, and Situational Awareness for an Unmanned Ground Vehicle |
| Abstract: | The objective of this project is to design and implement a system to provide accurate position and situational awareness for an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). These tasks will be accomplished by a modular system where each module will accomplish the functions of (1) navigation (2) scene understanding and (3) situational awareness. In order to accomplish these functions, we will design and develop three modules. The Positioning Sensor Module (PSM) will address navigation, Local-scene Sensor Module (LSM) will address scene understanding and the Internal Representation Module (IRM) will address situational awareness. The focus of Phase I will be on: (1) demonstrating the capability of the scene understanding tasks (the Local-scene Sensor Module) and (2) the design of an architecture for the three modules (PSM for navigation, LSM for scene understanding, and IRM for situational awareness). Phase II will focus on all the modules and demonstrate their capabilities via field tests using on a UGV. The project team is composed of Scientific Systems Company Inc (SSCI), The Sarnoff Corporation and the Center for Self-Organizing and Intelligent Systems (CSOIS) at Utah State University. This SBIR project will complement these ongoing efforts between CSOIS and TACOM and focus on developing the position sensing and situational awareness system. During the course of this project the CSOIS UGVs will serve as a platform for the basis of our design and demonstrations. The development of the above core technologies in position sensing and situational awareness for a UGV will serve as a foundation for Phase III commercialization. Commercial application of this technology exist in several areas such as: remote sensing, road and bridge inspection, buried and/or hazardous waste detection, unmanned space exploration, and counter terrorism. |
| TURING ASSOC., INC.
1392 Honey Run Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 665-4818
Mr. Gary Witus ARMY 00-082 |
| Title: | Position Sensing and Situational Awareness for Robotic Vehicles |
| Abstract: | The proposal is to develop low-cost technologies for enhanced perception and terrain understanding for robotic ground vehicle navigation. We propose to combine structured lighting with stereo vision, using innovative image processing based on shape-from-shading and shadow processing. This will provide robust ability to detect and segment negative obstacles (e.g., down steps), to estimate upcoming terrain slope, to improve object detection and segmentation (including porous obstacles such as fences), and improve texture characterization. We propose to use internal self-status sensors (e.g., inertial navigation sensors, current meters, load sensors) to collect data to characterize terrain trafficability (e.g., roughness, slope, ground resistance, traction limits, slip) for path planning. The mobile robot will exectute stylized maneuvers to measure terrain trafficability characteristics. We propose to use frequency analysis feature extraction and machine learning to classify terrain based on its trafficability (supporting landmark recognition and map region localization). We propose to train machine leaning systems to predict trafficability characteristics from structured lighting/stereo vision image texture metrics and segmented-region shape features. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated the feasiblity of key elements of the proposed approach. The research products will be applicable to DoD unmanned ground vehicle programs including the Future Combat Systems (FCS) vehicles, security robots, mine clearing and unexploded ordnance removal robots. The products will have potential applicability in commercial automotive intelligent vehicle development. |
| NANONEX CORP.
7 FOULET DRIVE PRINCETON, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 683-3973
Dr. Jian Jim Wang ARMY 00-083 |
| Title: | High Performance Nano-Wire-Grid Wide-angle Broadband Polarizing Beamsplitters |
| Abstract: | This small business innovation research phase-I project will provide the design and the proof-of-principle demonstration of high-performance wide-angle, broadband (over the visible spectrum) polarizing beam-splitters. The proposed polarizing beam-splitters (PBSs) use nano-wire-grid as the polarization element, and hence is coined nano-wire-grid PBS (NWG-PBS). The proposed research will optimize the design of the geometry (size, pitch and shape) of the metal wire girds and supporting dielectric materials, as well as the selection of these materials, to achieve the desired extinction ratio, splitting efficiency, and transmittance in the wavelength range from near-infrared down to 400 nm. The designs will be first tested using simulation tools, then will be fabricated and characterized experimentally. The key tool of the fabrication is nanoimprint lithography, which can allow low-cost, high throughput patterning of sub-10 nm features over a large area- one of the expertise of Nanonex Corporation. The proposed NWG-PBS has many superior performances over existing PBSs, including (1) high polarization efficiency (> 99%) and high extinction ratio (> 100:1) for both s- and p- polarizations throughout the visible spectrum; (2) high transmission and reflection efficiencies (both > 95%); (3) large working incident angle range (0øñ45ø) and acceptance angle throughout the visible spectrum; (4) large clear working aperture (up to 5 inches in diameter); (5) ultra-thin active layer (< 0.5 micron); and (6) capability of integration with other devices. The proposed NWG-PBSs have many significant applications, which include projection TVs, liquid crystal displays & projectors, color copies/color printers, communications and computing components and vision systems. This proposed device, if successfully developed, would revolutionize the optics industry by significantly improving the performance of numerous optical & electro-optical products for both civilian and military applications. |
| NMI
53 Plymouth St Cambridge, MA 02141 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 492-3984
Mr. Timothy A. Savas ARMY 00-083 |
| Title: | Wide-Angle Broadband Polarizing Beamsplitter |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating polarizing beamsplitters that are broadband and have a wide field of view. We propose to use lithographic techniques to fabricate a polarizing beamsplitter that has acceptance angles up to +- 55 degrees and extinction ratios greater than 50:1 throughout the visible spectrum. Various materials and processing techniques will be investigated. In addition, we propose to fabricate small prototype polarizing beamsplitters and measure their polarization properties. The efficiency and extinction ratios for both S and P beams will be measured as a function of incident angle and wavelength. This beamsplitter device, if successfully developed, may not only find use in advanced imaging for military and medical systems, but may also prove indispensable for consumer applications such as projection displays. |
| PHOTERA TECNOLOGIES
12777 High Bluff Drive San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 755-8855
Dr. Maurice Pessot ARMY 00-083 |
| Title: | Polarizers for High Angular, Spectral, and Efficiency Requirements (PHASER) |
| Abstract: | Polarizing beamsplitters are critical to optical systems which range from head-mounted displays (HMDs) to electronic cinema; their efficiency often dictating the size, weight and cost of such systems. Hence, nominal improvements in polarizer performance have far-reaching implications. Relative to a figure of merit which assigns equal weights to polarizer efficiency, field of view and spectral coverage, we show that the performance of beamsplitting polarizers can be greatly enhanced. Innovative refinements of age-old technology can yield a two-fold improvement, while the successful application of new technologies could offer a revolutionary four-fold improvement. Moreover, three of the newer technologies lead to beamsplitting polarizers which operate at normal incidence; thereby opening up a host of new system geometries. Our proposed Phase I program involves the experiments and analyses necessary to establish the viability of several different approaches. It also involves the gathering of information concerning the availability, size limitations and cost of all materials and processes required to produce full-scale versions of each polarizer type. Hence, at the conclusion of the Phase I effort, not only will we be in a position to assess technical viability, but also to assess the cost effectiveness of each approach. Successful development of any one of the proposed polarizers will have a profound effect upon the performance, size, weight and cost of numerous military and commercial optical systems. Relative to pancake-window-based HMDs, for example, such a development would enable an order of magnitude improvement in performance. |
| PRECISION MAGNETIC BEARING SYSTEMS,
36 Green Mountain Drive Cohoes, NY 12047 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 783-4343
Dr. Dantam K. Rao ARMY 00-084 |
| Title: | Compact All-Silicon Carbide Inverter Development |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop an Inverter Test Facility to evaluate the performance of Silicon vs. Silicon Carbide power devices. In Phase-I, we will use this Test Facility to measure the performance of a baseline Silicon-based 5 HP inverter; in Phase-II, we will use this data as bench mark to evaluate the superiority of Silicon Carbide devices. The intent is to demonstrate key benefits of high temperature capability, small-size or higher efficiency of SiC devices over existing Si devices. In Phase-I, we will (i) develop an Inverter Test Facility that can accept either Si or SiC devices or modules and (ii) develop a high speed CAN-based DSP controller card that drives the test bed (iii) develop DSP software to control a 5 HP 3-phase motor, (iv) develop a dyno test rig to measure its performance and (v) test the full-power performance of the Si inverter, including the effect of temperature on efficiency. We will also review the advances in SiC power device development and identify leading suppliers or developers. In addition, in Phase-I Option, we will continue the preliminary design of the All-SiC inverter and will finalize the procurement or engineering sample development strategies for the All-SiC devices and modules. With SiC devices inverters can operate at higher temperatures than those possible by the current technology Si inverters. They also reduce size or increase efficiency. Applications include military vehicles, mining industry motors, More Electric Aircraft , Navy and Pulse Power as well as numerous commercial markets. |
| PZ TECHNOLOGY, INC.
1209 Gulley Road Neptune, NJ 07753 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 599-5837
Mr. Bill Wright ARMY 00-084 |
| Title: | High-Speed High-Temperature Silicon Carbide Motor Drive Inverter for Hybrid Vehicles |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a SiC inverter for controlling a three-phase AC induction motor of at least 6 HP. In Phase I, we shall concentrate on (i) building a Si-based inverter with DSP for real time control by using high speed Si devices for over 30 KHz operation, (ii) building a hybrid SiC-diode/Si-IGBT based inverter and evaluating its performance, (iii) preliminary design of a SiC-based inverter, (iv) survey of state-fo-the-art in SiC device development and identifying the type of SiC devices for Phase II SiC inverter development, and (v) drafting a test plan for the SiC inverter. In Phase I, inverter characterization will be concentrated on switching losses vs. temperature, inverter efficiency at different temperatures, and the highest possible operating frequency and temperature. We shall also, in Phase I, characterize state-of-the-art SiC diode as well as its performance in the hybrid inverter circuit. In Phase II, SiC devices will be procured to build SiC inverters for motor control up to at least 6 HP. Improved SiC inverter design will be identified and used to guide the commercial development in Phase III. High performance SiC inverters for motor control in Army vehicles such as HMMWV and for commercial hybrid and all electric vehicles as well as for numerous commercial power electronic systems. |
| SATCON TECHNOLOGY CORP.
161 First Street Cambridge, MA 02142 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 694-8054
Mr. William Hall ARMY 00-084 |
| Title: | High-Speed High-Temperature Silicon Carbide Motor Drive Inverter for Hybrid Vehicles |
| Abstract: | Silicon carbide has long held the promise of founding a new generation of higher-density power electronics and its beneficial characteristics of higher temperature and higher frequency operation have been demonstrated. The question of how to package and apply SiC devices to take best advantage of these beneficial characteristics is largely unanswered. With the recent availability of prototype power devices, however, it is now possible to build a practical power-electronics circuit using SiC devices and explore its operational bounds in an attempt to provide these answers. A hybrid-electric vehicle motor drive, which potentially has widespread future use in both military and commercial vehicles, has been identified as a suitable application for this research. The construction and evaluation of a SiC based inverter driving a hybrid-vehicle induction motor is proposed. A significant increase in power density of power electronics would be of great benefit in reducing size and cost. Power-density improvement is presently limited by silicon device operating temperature and heat removal technology, both of which are receiving research attention. Silicon carbide with its higher operating temperature offers the hope for a step increase in power density. This project will be one of the first efforts to bring silicon carbide out of the research laboratory and into a practical realm and will benefit others in industry seeking higher power density or extended temperature range operation. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. Raman Mehra/Sanjeev Seereeram ARMY 00-085 |
| Title: | Intelligent Classification and Clustering Techniques for Text Data Mining |
| Abstract: | For Federal agencies' management programs, there exists a specific need for an integrated software analysis suite which can: (1) process online information relevant to their needs, (2) provide pattern and trend identification, and (3) link solicitations and requirements documents to open-source suppliers, research and development capabilities. Automated information retrieval and document classification has become one of the most important technologies for web-based applications. Integration of data mining algorithms with textual analysis systems, termed Text Data Mining (TDM), represents a promising approach to such a knowledge management problem. The objective of this Phase I research is to design an overall system architecture for an Information Intelligence-based Program Management System, and investigate classification and clustering techniques to analyze document collections, classify incoming documents and identify trends within the subject areas. In particular, we will investigate the use of selected statistical, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Neural Networks (NN) techniques for improving the classification and clustering performance of TDM systems. Profesors Daniella Rus (Dartmouth College) and Joydeep Ghosh (University of Texas) will provide consulting support for this Phase I. The Phase I base will investigate the feasibility of the proposed approaches for TDM. The Phase I option will create a detailed design specification for a prototype IIPMS. Commercial applications of the proposed technology include all private sector companies, federal and state agencies with either technology requirements, or products and services for sale. It will appeal to high-technology businesses, prime contractors, small/medium companies, individual consultants, innovators, university and federal research institutions as a cost-effective alternative to traditional (in-house) sales and marketing. Federal, state and local agencies, prime contractors and other businesses are increasingly in favor of acquisition and licensing of technology items instead of in-house engineering (buy vs. build). The total potential market for the company's products and services is estimated to be over one million subscribers worldwide. |
| SEARCH TECHNOLOGY, INC.
4960 Peachtree Industrial Blvd Norcross, GA 30071 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 441-1458
Mr. Paul R. Frey ARMY 00-085 |
| Title: | An Integrated Suite of Text and Data Mining Tools for Program Managers |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes an effort to build an integrated suite of tools for R&D Program Managers, incorporating text mining and data mining tools for information extraction and knowledge discovery from requirement sources and bibliographic databases of R&D literature. Successful program management depends in part on identifying and understanding requirements, discerning linkages among requirements (e.g., commonality, dependency, priority, etc.), and recognizing correspondence between program requirements and the capabilities of available resources. Requirements take several forms, but of particular interest are large written documents, such as Strategic Plans and R&D Master Plans. Requirements may originate from databases of operating experience and maintenance information. In either the database form or the resulting documents, mastery of these information sources presents a daunting challenge. The technologies of text and data mining have great potential for assisting Program Managers in their task of defining or understanding requirements from these very large data sources by identifying relationships among requirements and discovering connections between the requirements and other R&D activities reported in bibliographic databases. In Phase I, we will 1) analyze requirements sources, 2) prepare a report on text and data mining techniques, 3) develop a software specification, and 4) demonstrate the feasibility by developing a demonstration prototype. Successful completion of all three phases of this program will result in a powerful suite of tools for text mining. Program Managers in large organizations (government and commercial) will be able to use these tools to extract knowledge from databases of operational and maintenance experience. This knowledge will assist the Program Manager in defining, articulating, and defending programmatic requirements. The suite of tools will also allow the manager to mine clusters of requirements from free text documents such as Requirements Documents, Science and Technology Master Plans, and Strategic Plans. These requirements clusters can then be used to mine open literature S&T bibliographic databases to identify centers of excellence and assess the qualifications of individuals and organizations submitting proposals. By cross-mining requirements documents and S&T literature, the manager can also find new relationships among technologies and applications that may provide leverage points for investment of R&D resources. By mining internal research plans against patent databases, managers can enhance their protection of an organization's intellectual property by assessing how their research agenda and product development plans compare with their competitor's patent strategy. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd. San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 545-1478
Ronald Braun ARMY 00-085 |
| Title: | Employing Data Mining to Create an Improved Information Intelligence System |
| Abstract: | We propose an innovative combination of text analysis and data mining techniques in the design of an information intelligence-based program management system. By drawing on our extensive experience, we have devised a novel approach to translating free and field-delineated text into quantitative data suitable for use with a wide range of data mining techniques. In particular, our system (FlexiMiner), will support the application of text preprocessing, term discovery, concept formation, and automated text segmentation techniques in the encoding of text documents. The resulting quantitative data can take on a variety of forms depending on the goals of the analyst and the available computational resources. FlexiMiner will offer an improved capability to explore material needs documents and open source R&D abstracts, as well as discover logical linkages between these two sets of information. Finally, the ability to do cross-field pattern discovery and free-text analysis will offer more flexibility than that offered by the Technology Opportunities Analysis System. Phase I research and development of a proof-of-concept limited prototype will build on our existing data mining toolkit, IKODA, and lay the groundwork for the Phase II implementation of a fully functional common tool suite for both text and quantitative data mining. The US military is not alone in its need for advanced text mining tools. The proposed system would be very valuable to venture capitalists, medical researchers, and engineering design firms. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4379
Mr. Arnis Mangolds ARMY 00-086 |
| Title: | Mission Payload for Small Urban Robots |
| Abstract: | This proposal will address the payloads and the integration issues associated with small unit UGV robot systems defined as systems that could be disassembled and backpacked or hand carried to a forward position. These robots will support dismounted and mounted infantry and will be particularly useful in urban and dense forest terrain that will not be directly addressed by the larger FCS systems. The focus will be on developing an ability to hotswap payloads in a self configuring plug and play format. The payloads will be automated to the degree possible, as will the Operator control unit. Three payloads will be selected and the physical, electrical and software integration techniques will be demonstrated. (P-00809) Small robotics has the potential of extending the soldier's reach and minimizing his risk. A modular robot that can be reconfigured in the field will greatly expand the utility of the base system. By automating the swap-out configuration, less training and stress will be placed on the solider/operator, resulting in a more reliable system. |
| INDUSTRIAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS, INC.
245 West Roosevelt Rd. West Chicago, IL 60185 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 876-8981
Dr. Donald E. Yuhas ARMY 00-088 |
| Title: | An Ultrasonic Tomography System for Imaging Reinforcement Steel in Concrete Bridge Girders |
| Abstract: | Recent studies have indicated the potential of reconstruction methods such as tomography as a modality suitable for finding and imaging steel reinforcement encased in bridges. The objective of the proposed research is to develop and demonstrate an ultrasonic tomography system capable of imaging reinforcement steel in concrete bridge girders. The system will be capable of locating position and size of the reinforcement to less than 1/8". Initial experiments in this Phase I program are directed at establishing baseline resolution data using existing commercially available tomographic reconstruction algorithms as well as existing synthetic aperture code. Next, in order to improve resolution, we formulate and evaluate two diffraction tomographic algorithms. In a series of experiments using concrete test specimens we formulate design rules for optimal tomographic sensors and requirements for automated data collection under field conditions. Finally, using the optimal reconstruction methods we assess image quality in terms of spatial and contrast resolution. Current technology uses magnetic or eddy current based approaches to locate subsurface reinforcement or relies upon large-scale tests to determine load ratings. An ultrasonic approach for verifying steel placement will have several distinct advantages over other available technologies. These include, increased accuracy, ease of operation, ease of interpretion and speed of operation. |
| INNOVATIVE MECHANICS, INC.
265 Coe Road Clarendon Hills, IL 60514 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 887-9020
Dr. Andres Peekna ARMY 00-089 |
| Title: | Measuring Time Dependent Pavement Surface Deflection Profiles Under Rolling Vehicles Using a Portable System |
| Abstract: | Several of the approaches proposed would involve arrays of vertical-sensing sensors plus horizontal-sensing sensors supported by a 4-meter long lightweight beam. End supports could extend out from the roadside, or consist of longitudinal extenders. The vertical-sensing sensors would sense road profile and pavement deflection under load. They could be either contact sensors (linear variable differential transformers) or optical distance sensors. The horizontal-sensing sensors would be low-cost ultrasonic sensors, and would be aimed toward the vehicle's tires. They would record the actual lateral position of the tires during the test. By clearly indicating whether there is a tire next to any of these horizontal-sensing sensors, they would also record the longitudinal position of the vehicle wheels at any instant in time. Representing a different approach, a scanning laser option would also be considered. The Phase I development would center on survey of different technologies and choosing the best candidate design. The Phase I Option would include evaluation of candidate sensors under laboratory conditions and subsequently, completing a final hardware design. Such a system would provide the Army with a portable method for assessing load carrying capacity of roads in widely different world locations, before driving military convoys over them. This would help minimize potential friction with the governments involved. Use in airport runway testing may also be anticipated. In assessing the load carrying capacity of roads in the USA, in view of the low estimated cost per system, interest by county governments as well as state departments of transportation is anticipated. |
| SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3307 BOB WALLACE AVENUE HUNTSVILLE, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 876-4204
Mr. Jody S. Loyd ARMY 00-090 |
| Title: | Advanced Multispectral Decoy Technologies |
| Abstract: | This proposal shows a comprehensive approach for the development of advanced decoy technologies that answers key issues in fidelity and validation in all the important signature realms. The basis of the SimTech approach is a full "virtual prototyping" environment that utilizes computer modeling, state-of-the-art signature analysis, plus experience in fabrication and design. The SimTech team's abilities in these areas are documented in numerous publications. The proposed products from Phase I are examples of decoy virtual models - complete with signature analysis, and validation approaches - including novel evaluation metrics. Overall, the Phase I approach is shown to lay a foundation upon which a Phase II effort may be built. Several goals of a Phase II effort are discussed, including development of an innovative decoy/target signature testbed. This novel product would be as a logical and much needed spin-off from the decoy world to the target world, and carries the potential for outside investment. This novel product would be as a logical and much needed spin-off from the decoy world to the target world, and carries the potential for outside investment. |
| EFX SYSTEMS, INC.
3900 Collins Road Lansing, MI 48910 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(517) 336-4630
Dr. Robert Hickey ARMY 00-091 |
| Title: | In situ Biological Treatment for Explosives in Ground Water |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Army has 21 ammunition plants in the U.S. along with a large number of Army Depots and Forts. It is estimated that 40 of these installations reqire clean up of explosives such as TNT, RDX and their partai; breakdown products such as TNB. A low cost method for treatment of explosives in-situ for soils and groundwater is needed. Anaerobic reductive transformation appears to be a promising option based on successful use of this technology for treatment of explosives containing wastewaters such as pinkwater. Better information on the factors that will control the rate and extent of explosives treatment in-situ is needed before proceeding to the field. The objectives of this proposed effort is to examine both nitrate reducing and methanogenic anaerobic conditions with a suite of different possible electron donors to determine the best conditions for proceding to field tests in future work. The information and know how developed as a part of this proposed effort will provide the base of information needed to proceed to field testing. This same information will be extremely useful in optimizing and improving on-site treatment of munitions effluents such as pinkwater. This same approach of reductive transformation in-situ will have further application for the treatment of other recalcitrant compounds such as pesticides. |
| MAGNUM TECHNOLOGY, INC.
16 West Spanish Main St. Tampa, FL 33609 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 831-8949
Mr. David Byron ARMY 00-092 |
| Title: | Lightweight Gun Barrel |
| Abstract: | Because of their desirable physical properties, technical ceramics have been investigated for use in gun barrels. When compared to steel, ceramics offer significantly less weight, longer barrel life and the ability to survive higher rates of fire and the use of hotter propellants. Previous attempts by government and industry to use technical ceramics in gun barrels typically have focused on use of ceramic liners or coating in some manner. Typically, these efforts have produced only marginal results due to ceramic failure. Our approach builds actual ceramic barrels that are reinforced to enable their satisfactory use as gun barrels. The basis of our technology is the reinforcement of materials that are extremely hard and brittle so that they may be used for purposes not previously feasible, such as gun barrels. Referred to as Composite Reinforced Ceramic Technology (CRCT), this technology has been privately researched and funded. A proof of principle has been successfully demonstrated with thousands of satisfactory firings in small caliber. The technology is ready for further research and development for military calibers. Lighter weight, longer life and lower cost gun barrels for use in law enforcement and shooting sports. Advanced internal combustion engines with high power to weight ratio. Industrial tubing for transporting corrosive chemicals and super heated steam. |
| TDJ, INC.
192 East 100 North Fayette, UT 84630 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(435) 528-7999
Mr. Richard R. Lyman ARMY 00-092 |
| Title: | Lightweight Gun Barrel |
| Abstract: | Christensen Arms proposes to research and apply existing high temperature materials to expand current lightweight gun barrel technology. Christensen Arms to date, has designed, structurally analyzed and fabricated for the civilian and military market over 1,000 lightweight graphite-epoxy gun barrels (.17 caliber through .50 Caliber). Test specimens have strongly demonstrated significant temperature reductions over standard metal barrels per MIL-S-46047E. The barrel design will take advantage of years of past advanced composite experience by Christensen Arms design and production team. This includes research experience on many DoD composite weapon system designs, including analysis, pre-production fabrication, tooling, first article testing and production-run manufacturing of land, water and aerospace components and assemblies. Current company funded research on high temperature materials for semi and fully automatic weapons will be incorporated. Christensen Arms standard barrels have a thin match grade stainless steel liner and are over-wound with a graphite/epoxy casing in accordance with four patents and two patents pending. The design for this proposal will be based on this proven technology. Existing ultra high temperature resistant metals and/or barrier/wear coatings will be used for the barrel liner. An existing or an in-house high temperature composite matrix will be used for the barrel casing. Christensen Arms is committed to succeeding during the Phase I effort of the lightweight gun barrel program. We sincerely feel that we are closing in on the solution or combination of solutions to this now long standing need. If the program is a success, then it will be a great advancement in gun technology. Our findings show that there are a significant number of small to medium sized commercial entities that are also in various stages of solving this problem. We have aligned ourselves with some of them and intend to achieve further alignments in the near future. The benefits of these many efforts will result in superiority in some extremely critical weapon systems throughout the DoD. Potential Commercial Applications other than weapons include: Pistons and piston housings(combustion engines), High pressure or hot ignition chambers(rocket motors, jet engines, aerospace), Hot gas insulation chambers(Automobile mufflers/catalytic converters), Grating(Blast Furnace), Chimneys/Flues(Coal/Nuclear powered plants), Personal high pressure tanks(Underwater, underground, hazardous conditions, fire fighting), Combustible Transport Tanks(Fuel tanker trucks, trains, aircraft), Explosion proof chambers(Grain silos), High temperature friction surfaces(Aircraft brakes, spacecraft brakes/surfaces, pulleys, bearings, gears) |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-1400
Mr. William Weiland ARMY 00-093 |
| Title: | Innovative Hands-Free Point-and-Click Computer Control Device Within a Moving Vehicle |
| Abstract: | A concept for a Gaze-based Point-And-Click (G-PAC) interface component is proposed as an ideal human-computer interaction technology for operations within moving vehicles. In recent years there has been considerable interest in combat vehicle crew reduction through the incorporation of increased automation. As currently envisioned, these automation systems require the use of mouse or trackball. The need to simultaneously manipulate other manual control devices makes the use of these standard manual computer interface mechanisms impracticable. Beginning with an analysis of hands-free HCI component requirements, in both real-world vehicle contexts and software reference architecture contexts, we propose to develop a multimodal interface based on eye-tracking and speech recognition technologies. G-PAC will allow crewmembers to perform point-and-click operations on graphical interface objects in a manner similar to mouse-based systems, while simultaneously performing manual control operations. G-PAC builds on earlier research performed by the proposed research team which demonstrated the feasibility of building versatile control mechanisms by combining eye-control and voice-control techniques. The G-PAC interface addresses the extension of previous eye-voice interface research into the context of combat vehicle systems and plug-and-play architectures. The proposed Phase I effort will culminate in a proof-of-concept demonstration that will show multimodal interaction in a simulated vehicle context. Where human operators are required to continuously manipulate manual controls while interacting with computer-based systems, the need for hands-free interface technology is clear. G-PAC is an ideal interface technology in these situations. In addition to a wide range of military contexts, potential applications are envisioned for, among others, firefighting and police operations domains. G-PAC also offers the opportunity of opening the computer market up to a large disabled population which cannot function with mouse-based systems. |
| LC TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
9455 Silver King Court Fairfax, VA 22031 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 385-7133
Mr. Dixon Cleveland ARMY 00-093 |
| Title: | Hands-Free Point-and-Click Computer Control Device Within a Moving Vehicle |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this project is to develop an eye and voice-operated system to perform computer point-and-click operations in a moving vehicle. The eye and voice- driven protocols will replace operations currently performed by hand via mouse or trackball, which are unwieldy in a moving vehicle environment where it is difficult to maintain steady hand movements. To point and click an icon, the operator simply looks at the icon and speaks a key command word such as "click." Different command words are used to designate alternative click types, such as left click, right click, double click, and drag-and-drop. Ultimately more advanced speech recognition systems will also replace the keyboard for data and text entry. The combined eyetracker and speech recognition system will permit full and efficient control of a computer console without typing or manually manipulating a mouse or trackball. Human Computer Interaction: Command and Control, Situation Awareness, Office Automation, Usability Analysis, Aid for People with Disabilities. Psychological Research: Fatigue Monitoring, Task/Scan Analysis, Advertisement Analysis. Physiological Analysis: Visual Response Testing, Reading Diagnostics. |
| TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING RESEARCH, INC.
16 Wildhedge Lane Holmdel, NJ 07733 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 219-0020
Mr. Benjamin Tirabassi ARMY 00-093 |
| Title: | Innovative Hands-Free Point-and-Click Computer Control Device Within a Moving Vehicle |
| Abstract: | Most computer programs require both keyboard data entry and Point-and-Click (PAC) operations with a mouse or trackball device to operate efficiently. In a moving environment such as an airplane, car, bus, or armored vehicle, PAC operations become more difficult. Speech recognition can replace tedious data entry, and with domain specific grammar corrections it can ensure spoken data and dictation are recognized and entered properly. Adding a secondary device to complement speech input, which could perform all the PAC operations efficiently and require no steady hand movements, would permit full use of a computer in moving vehicles. The use of a multiple-controller approach enables the interaction to be tailored to the task and environmental constraints, as well as user preferences. A natural language software-based speech recognizer in combination with eye-tracking, facial gesture, brain wave and neuromuscular sensor technologies are to be configured in a variety of ways to provide the required functionality. Unique to this proposal is the development of an integrated set of human-computer control suite technologies using standard Application Program Interfaces (APIs) in the commercial Windows and Unix environment that are compatible with the Army Technical Architecture for efficient hands-free operation of computer systems. Some PAC needs could be met by using a combination of eye movement, facial muscle, and brain wave bio-potential combined technologies detected at the forehead, to generate computer inputs. Both the frequency bands and electrical signal content levels derived from these sensors have shown progress in the selective mind and voluntary neuromuscular control of a computer display pointer and clicking on a displayed selection. Projective task analysis, driven by a decision support activity scenario, will be conducted for various combinations of interface technologies to derive an effective and feasible PAC conceptual design integrated with natural language. Quantitative performance and qualitative human interaction analysis will be documented and provided with the conceptual design. This research would be helpful for the military in controlling combat simulations and interacting with command and control consoles, it would also make a useful commercial gaming device and afford many handicapped individuals, who cannot efficiently use a mouse, trackball, or keyboard; the opportunity to access the next generation internet. |
| ROBOTICS RESEARCH CORP.
101 Landy Lane Cincinnati, OH 45215 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(606) 525-4064
Mr. Paul H. Eismann ARMY 00-094 |
| Title: | Adaptable and Reusable Hardware/ Software (HW/SW ) Architectures And Components for Automated Materiel Handling |
| Abstract: | The US Army has an immediate need to minimize the manpower required to perform field material handling applications in forward supply operations. Replacing the existing manual equipment is not cost effective. This program aims to provide the Army with a generic, open-architecture, component based control system that can be readily and economically adapted to a broad range of existing field material handling systems. The program builds on technology previously developed for the Army by RRC and others, providing the final components needed for deployment in the field. RRC has demonstrated in a previous program that through the application of robotic control and sensor technology, an existing manual material handling system can be modified to perform many tasks autonomously. However, an operator is still required to teleoperate portions of the tasks and monitor operation to avoid collisions. While the system reduces the manpower required to perform the tasks, several areas of improvement have been identified that will increase an operator's efficiency including; enhancements to the man machine interface and application development environment, implementation of obstacle avoidance and compliance control strategies and knowledge based programming techniques. These advancements complete the technology to enable Army deployment of practical field material handling systems. In addition to the material handling applications within the military complex, the development of a generic open architecture control system with advanced user interface features has significant government and commercial market potential in any application demanding robotic manipulation in unstructured and/or hazardous environments, such as assembly, welding, cutting, stripping, cleaning and coating operations. Target sectors include the environmental remediation industry; civil infrastructure and commercial construction industry; and shipbuilding and aircraft industry. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Dr. Nabil A. Elkouh ARMY 00-095 |
| Title: | Large Caliber Gun Tube Erosion Mitigation Coating Technology |
| Abstract: | Creare proposes to develop an innovative thermal-spray coating system to coat the interior of large caliber extended-range gun tubes to extend their service life by ten to twenty times. The coating system is comprised of an innovative thermal spray technique using novel refractory materials. Our combined hardware/materials system holds the promise of forming coatings inside of gun tubes that are capable of withstanding the erosive environment caused by extreme temperatures, chemical release, and charge movement that are the direct result of firing. The hardware is a unique combination of commercially available thermal spray and specialty coating equipment that offers the potential of creating dense, adherent coatings having tight tolerances. The materials systems we propose are unique in character and hold the potential to greatly increase performance. In Phase I, we will prepare sample coupons, which will be subjected to a battery of tests that simulate the erosion and wear in a gun barrel. The results from Phase I will guide the development of an in-bore coating system in Phase II that will be employed to coat the interior of a large caliber gun tube to test coating performance under typical firing conditions. The benefits of the proposed gun tube coating process are expected to be (1) improved erosion performance, (2) reduced life-cycle cost, and (3) excellent coating deposition control. A similar coating system could extend the life of tubes, boilers, turbine blades, and reactors associated with extreme environments encountered in chemical processing industries, power plants, marine environments, aerospace turbines, and foundries. |
| CONTINENTAL CONTROLS & DEVICES, INC.
1921 N. Gaffey Suite J San Pedro, CA 90731 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 831-8669
Mr. James P. Hynes Jr. ARMY 00-096 |
| Title: | Electronic Sight Unit (ESU) |
| Abstract: | We propose to integrate the latest commercial, off the shelf technology to build autonomous fire control systems for mortars. While the technologies are familiar individually (GPS attitude, magnetometers, laser rangefinders, MEMS inertial sensors) we will demonstrate full function indirect and direct fire control solutions with a fraction of the weight and cost of today's equipment. Through dynamic simulation we argue that these new technologies can transform the handheld 60 mm M1 mortar into a precision direct fire weapon. We will also field demonstrate an SPS (Standard Positioning Service) kinematic GPS as a replacement for traditional aiming sticks as azimuth reference. In Phase 2 we will partner with Trimble to demonstrate improved accuracy with a Y code (PPS) version. It's time for a change in mortar firing doctrine. The results of this R&D program have a very high probability of being commercialized within the DoD and industry. This technology can transform the 60mm from an area weapon to an accurate and versatile direct fire gun with first shot kill capability. |
| SCENPRO, INC.
101 W. Renner Rd. Richardson, TX 75082 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 437-5001
Mr. Michael Gately ARMY 00-097 |
| Title: | Assessing Decision-Making Skills in Virtual Environments |
| Abstract: | ScenPro, Inc. proposes to develop the Virtual Soldier Skills Assessor (ViSSA), a set of three components that work together to allow an Urban Soldier trainer to effectively assess soldier and small unit leader decision-making skills. The first component allows the trainer to annotate a virtual urban environment (associated with a specific scenario) with features relevant to decision-making such as optimal routes, decision points, engagement rules, and sub-team formation. The second component is a DIS/HLA compatible software system that monitors the actions of a soldier and assesses their decision-making skills based upon the features previously specified by the trainer. This second component will report this assessment to the trainer. The third component will be a Trainer's Tool that can be used by the trainer to observe the soldier's progress during a training simulation. A viable Virtual Soldier Skills Assessor will be useful to a wide range of government and private sector organizations. There is a clear need for such a tool within the military and civilian training communities that have embraced Dismounted Infantryman technology. In military applications, it is likely that the technology can be transferred to work with other virtual objects such as tanks and aircraft. With minimum modifications, products could be developed to aid in the assessment of tank commanders, tank drivers, tank platoon commanders, pilots, and section leaders. We have held discussions with Raytheon's Systems Analysis and Simulation Center regarding a potential Phase II/III partnership, and Raytheon has expressed interest in participating in the commercialization of this work. In civilian applications, this technology may be of significant benefit in the training of Police/Fire/EMS personnel. There is a clear need for such a tool within this sector which will allow for identification, tracking, and documentation of critical decision points made during the course of training. By identifying decision strengths/weaknesses of the individual during a high-risk training scenario, the trainer will be able to focus in on these issues, which will allow for corrective actions resulting in a more ideal training outcome. This may, in turn, reduce poor decisions made in the field, thereby reducing the frequency of critical errors in rapid decision-making during high-risk urban situations. |
| TEKNOWLEDGE CORP.
1810 Embarcadero Rd Palo Alto, CA 94303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 352-9300
Dr. Michelle Sams ARMY 00-098 |
| Title: | Training Media to Support Night Operations in Urban Settings |
| Abstract: | This project proposes to leverage a variety of computer-based technologies to improve the training and skill transfer of soldiers in the effective use of night vision devices in urban settings. The intelligent training system will include a database of night imagery, scenarios for skill practice, and instruction adapted to the individual learner. Realistic urban training sites have been built to further the Army's goal to "train as we fight". However, these sites are expensive to build and high demand for time at these sites limits availability to troops. The proposed computer-based training system will provide repeatable, scenario based skill practice that should transfer well to physical training sites and real world operations. In addition, an intelligent training system can reduce the time it takes to learn and increase the knowledge gained within that time frame. |
| AGILE MATERIALS & TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
536 Mills Way Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 895-2056
Mr. Chris Elsass ARMY 00-099 |
| Title: | True Time Delay and Constant Phase Shift Circuit Elements |
| Abstract: | This program is aimed at the development of low loss (less than 1dB), wide band, true-time-delay phase shifter circuits using thin-film BST (Barium Strontium Titanate, a tunable dielectric). Recent advances in BST deposition technology have led to dramatic improvements in material quality, making BST suitable for millimeter-wave circuit components. First, we will develop physics-based equivalent-circuit models for passive structures on a variety of substrates, and optimize BST varactors for low loss in the Ka-band. In addition, we will model distributed-circuit delay-lines using physics-based equivalent-circuit models for BST and MMIC varactors. This will quantify frequency and temperature-dependence of insertion loss and phase delay in a 50-Ohm environment in terms of device and embedding circuit parameters. Modeling of IMD in distributed-circuit phase shifters to quantify IP3 in terms of fundamental parameters such as tunability, breakdown field, and loss will be performed. Additionally, proposed constant-phase shifting devices will be investigated. The drastic cost reduction of phased array antennas requires a paradigm shift in design strategy. Phase shifters are a critical component of a phased array that enables the antenna to actively steer a beam and is also the cost driver of the array. Phase shifters have significant RF loss and therefore amplification must be provided in front of the phase shifter to compensate for this loss. Theoretically if a phase shifter could be designed with little or no loss up to 80% of the amplifiers could be deleted from a phased array system. This proposed SBIR program is therefore targeting a critical problem and technology barrier that will enable new paradigm shifts in phased-array development, opening up a potentially vast market. |
| M2MEMS
2108 Brockman Ann Arbor, MI 48104 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 647-1793
Dr. Gabriel Rebeiz ARMY 00-099 |
| Title: | True Time Delay and Constant Phase Shift Circuit Elements |
| Abstract: | We propose the development of very low loss multi-throw MEMS switches for DC to mm-wave applications. The novel switches exhibit a loss of 0.1-0.2 dB from 0.1-50 GHz, and are used in true-time delay and constant-phase 2-bit, 3-bit and N-bit phase shifters. We also plan to partner with consultants at Microassembly, Inc., to develop a hermetic packaging technique for MEMS switches and phase shifters. The hermetic package is compatible with RF MEMS and will allow the integration of input and output lines through the wafer. The combined effort should lead to a novel and packaged phase shifters for X-band to mm-wave operation. We believe that the SBIR proposal effort will help in the commercialization of MEMS-based switches and phase shifters if the packaging aspect is solved. Other than the DOD applications and systems, the largest market will be the mobile telephone suppliers, since such a switch results in excellent performance (0.1 dB insertion loss) and can be used after the power amplifier in the transmit path. It also can be used before and after the switched filter bank in tri-band telephones. This is the reason why it is important to develop a packaging technology which is compatible with RF MEMS, and which can be done at a wafer-scale level. |
| SY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
5170 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 922-9095
Dr. David Chenault ARMY 00-100 |
| Title: | Seeing Through Smoke, Fog, and Obscurants Using Circular Infrared (IR) Polarimetric Imaging |
| Abstract: | SY Technology, Inc. proposes to assess the feasibility for portable instrumentation that will enhance a soldier's ability to see through battlefield aerosols and obscurants. The proposed polarimetric imager will consist of a polarized source and a suitable polarization detection imaging system. The Phase I will primarily consist of a measurements program on appropriate aerosols throughout the spectrum to determine the optimal choice of wavelength, illumination polarization state, and detected polarization state. The combinations of scattering media and spectral range in which polarization can enhance contrast will be identified and suitable system concepts will be developed. In the Phase I Option, a complete system design will be completed including component specifications, schematics, data reduction algorithms, and calibration procedures. The Phase II work will implement the design; calibrate, test, and demonstrate the instrumentation; and explore commercial applications for the techniques developed in this work. The measurements will take advantage of SY Technology's capability and expertise in polarization measurements and instrument design. This effort will also capitalize on recent experiments in this area using instrumentation available at SY Technology, Inc. and other government partners through research and development agreements. It is anticipated that the imaging polarimeter will significantly enhance a soldier's ability to see through conventional and IR obscurants on the battlefield. Potential commercial applications include aiding a firefighter's ability to see in smoke filled areas, imaging through fog for aircraft and automobiles, ice detection, humanitarian de-mining, remote sensing, and medical imaging. |
| MATERIALS SYSTEMS, INC.
521 Great Road Littleton, MA 01460 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 486-0404
Dr. Richard Gentilman ARMY 00-101 |
| Title: | Low Cost ALON |
| Abstract: | This program will first establish a low-cost aluminum oxynitride (ALON) powder synthesis process, known to yield powder that can readily be densified to optical transparency. This program will then establish a new low-cost source for transparent ALON windows. In Phase I, MSI will demonstrate a proven, low-cost method for synthesizing ALON powder. The process will utilize carbothermal reduction of high purity alumina in a nitrogen atmosphere to form ALON directly, avoiding AlN entirely. Starting constituents (Al2O3 and carbon powders) will be weighed, blended, reacted at elevated temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then milled. Chemical purity, phase purity, lattice parameter, particle size, particle size distribution, and surface area of the resulting powders will be measured. In the Phase I Option, the ability to densify the powder to optical transparency will be verified, and scale up of the powder synthesis will be initiated. In Phase II, MSI will develop a high-volume continuous process for producing ALON powder and establish a complete transparent ALON fabrication capability. In addition, we will investigate ways to streamline the ALON fabrication process that could eliminate one or more major process steps. Transparent ALON armor offers superior protection against small caliber armor piercing projectiles at substantially reduced weight and thickness. Initially, this program will provide a low-cost source of high purity ALON powders. Subsequently, when the Phase II program has been completed, a new low-cost source for transparent ALON components will have been established. A primary defense application for transparent ALON is low-cost, light-weight, large-area transparent armor panels for military land vehicles and aircraft. Commercial personnel security vehicles will also benefit from the technology developed in this program. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Dr. R.O.Loutfy ARMY 00-102 |
| Title: | A Continuous Reactor for the Large Scale Production Of Nanotubes |
| Abstract: | It is proposed to development of a large-scale production apparatus that produces single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and catalytic multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) on a continuous process basis. A novel and flexible reactor design will be investigated. The proposed reactor design will allow the control of production parameters including catalyst type and particle size, the type of carbon source, catalyst/carbon ratio, temperature of reaction and reaction time. The apparatus will be designed for continuous operation and product collection, which promises high production rates and low cost, and assures a successful Phase II scale-up to produce commercial quantities of this novel and versatile material. Large scale production of low cost, high yield, and controlled properties nanotubes can open up the potential commercialization of these novel materials. Nanotubes have the potential applications as cold electron field emitter, gas storage media, and as nanoreinforcement for advanced polymer composites. |
| NANOLAB, INC.
35 Galen Street Watertown, MA 02172 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 926-4161
Mr. David Carnahan ARMY 00-102 |
| Title: | High Volume, Low-Cost Production of High-Purity Carbon Nanotubes |
| Abstract: | Carbon nanotubes have tremendous potential in many applications, but are limited by their high cost. The cost is driven by two factors, the low process yield and the laborious purification procedures required by current synthesis techniques, DC discharge and laser ablation. However, nanotubes produced by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process have both high yield and purity, as well as control over nanotube diameter and length. Further, straight, aligned nanotubes can be grown on a substrate, a key advantage for device fabrication. NanoLab is the exclusive licensee of the CVD nanotube growth process developed by Dr. Zhifeng Ren and patented by the University of Buffalo. Dr. Ren, now at Boston College, has performed the fundamental research on this process, as highlighted in the National Nanotechnology Initiative. Therefore, the program goal is to design and implement a high output pilot facility for carbon nanotube production. The key development will be a CVD belt furnace, where nanotubes can be continuously harvested. In Phase I, we will demonstrate a semi-continuous process for nanotube production, based on an extension of the existing CVD technology. After validating the semicontinuous production, we will design a full scale production unit for large quantity nanotube synthesis. The advent of production quantities of carbon nanotubes will enable new applications that become viable when the cost is lower. Field emission displays, sensors, and other devices can be effectively produced using this process, as well as bulk materials for composites and high volume applications. |
| ACTIVE CONTROL EXPERTS, INC.
215 First Sreet Cambridge, MA 02142 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 577-0700
Mr. Marco Giovanardi ARMY 00-103 |
| Title: | Embedded Sensor-Electronics System |
| Abstract: | ACX proposes to design, fabricate, and test a sensor with enclosed signal conditioning and amplification electronics for embedding into composite structures. The amplified signal can then be transmitted using either an analog-to-digital converter and a digital fleixble circuitry line, or an RF transmitting device. This method of collecting data maintains the structural integrity, and the materials used for the patented ACX QuickPack packaging and in the flexible circuitry are compatible with the epoxies used in most composites, as has been demonstrated in the past. The most commonly used techniques for non-invasive structural health monitoring include ultrasound devices, but embedded piezoceramic sensors are a very attractive alternative of the future. One of the main reasons of concern when using piezoceramic sensors, though, is the fact that wires are needed to transport the signal from the sensors to an acquiring device. The proposed concept solves this problem in one of two ways. If it is found feasible, then RF transmitting devices will be integrated into the structure, and the sensors are therefore going to be stand-alone. If this solution does not yield the expected results, then a digital line of flexible circuitry can be laid between the sensor and the edge of the structure. ACX's manufacturing technique allows for the inclusion of electroncis within the sensor package, as well as extending flexible, thin cirucit lines from the sensor to the edge of the structure. In this Phase I effort, the main focus will be on determining the best design for this kind of solution, in terms of materials to use, electronics to choose, and sensor placement and size for each structure, and on building test samples. Embedded sensor systems for structural health monitoring are an expanding sector, and ACX can grow into the market by fabricating non-destructive sensor systems. ACX also specializes in structural control and vibration reduction systems, and is therefore qualified to design the algorithms necessary for complete structural health monitoring systems. |
| ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETICS
4516 Stockbridge Ave NW Albuquerque, NM 87120 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 897-4741
Dr. Edgar L. Coffey ARMY 00-104 |
| Title: | Electromagnetic Modeling of Complex Structures |
| Abstract: | A System-Level Modeling Framework for electromagnetic modeling is proposed. The heart of the Framework is a rule-based, whole-object conversion process that takes Computer Aided Design (CAD) geometry and material data and transforms it into valid, electromagnetic geometry and material modeling elements. The CAD Converter creates an "intermediate," parametric model of the structure to be analyzed. The user manipulates the "shadow surfaces" of the intermediate model by varying embedded parameters. These parameters represent physical characteristics of the structure, such as tank turret rotation angle or main gun elevation angle. When the intermediate model is correct, the rule-based gridding approach proposed herein is applied, and a valid electromagnetic model is created for the desired computer code. It is anticipated that several EM codes (GEMACS, NEC, BSC, CARLOS-3D, XPATCH, and APATCH) will be supported by the products this effort produces, merely be changing the rule set driving the gridding. The overall Framework provides elements for database/library, modeling rules, an electromagnetic modeler's workbench, visualization and code interface, in addition to the CAD-to-EM conversion process. The EM System Level Electromagnetic Framework represents a new and innovative way for government agencies, their contractors, universities, and commercial firms to approach electromagnetic modeling. The goal is to produce a product to leverage scarce electromagnetic expertise by applying it only where it is essential and letting less experienced engineers perform most of the tasks. The cost savings of this approach is potentially enormous for both government and commercial areas, such as antenna analysis and design, radar, in-situ antenna coupling, radiation and scattering, EMC/EMI, EMP, high-power microwave, and similar areas. |
| SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
13766 S. Hawthorne Blvd. Hawthorne, CA 90250 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 679-2281
Mr. R. Wade Allen ARMY 00-105 |
| Title: | An Integrated Anthropometrics, Vehicle and Biodynamics Software Tool |
| Abstract: | The objective is to simulate and predict the performance of Army personnel riding in a ground vehicle subject to vibrations. Established software tools are available for parts of this problem: anthropometrics for reach and vision analysis, vehicle dynamics for vibration and ride quality analysis, and biodynamics for human motion in response to force inputs. In Phase I we propose to write a software specification to integrate selected software components that will efficiently and accurately set up and analyze this class of problems. The team members own the source code that will be integrated (JACK, VDANL and BIODYNE). The innovation is to use manual control as a means to define and measure task performance. Representative closed loop tasks such as driver avoidance maneuvers or target tracking will be defined, and the vehicle will be considered "good" if these tasks can be adequately performed, by different sized drivers and passengers, traveling over different types of roads and terrains. A sample problem will be selected and analyzed in Phase I using the non-integrated software tools and a rapid prototype visual interface will be developed. The Phase II objective is to develop and validate a prototype of the integrated software package. An integrated tool for predicting human task performance on moving platforms does not currently exist and has many potential military and commercial applications. These include ambulances, fire engines, off-road vehicles, agricultural equipment, rotorcraft and aircraft. The use of manual control provides a natural way to define and more importantly validate task performance. Existing customers of the software components (such as TACOM) will have increased capabilities. |
| DIGITAL SYSTEM RESOURCES, INC.
12450 Fair Lakes Circle Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 279-3054
Mr. Ronald A. Borrell ARMY 00-106 |
| Title: | Platform Noise Reduction |
| Abstract: | The Army wishes to mount acoustic sensors on operational vehicles and use them to detect and localize other operational vehicles in the vicinity. The effectiveness of such a system can be limited by the noise created by the platform on which the sensors are mounted. DSR proposes a system that combines noise cancellation techniques with adaptive beamforming techniques in order to simultaneously reject own-platform noise while still detecting and localizing far-field target signatures. Our proposed solution provides innovative approaches to address processing issues such as stability, convergence time, training needs and decoupling of the algorithms that have to process both near-field and far-field returns. DSR's effort will result in definition of MOE's, specification of processing algorithms, characterization of near-field and far-field acoustic returns, system performance estimates, identification of system issues and plans for development of a prototype for future field testing. Completion of this effort (Phase I and Phase II) will lead directly to an acoustic sensor and processing system design ready for integration in support of Army battlefield operations. Capability could also be applied to Navy ASW programs and commercial robotic applications where in both cases own-platform noise must be rejected in order to acoustically detect targets. |
| SIGNAL SYSTEMS CORP.
P.O. Box 787 Severna Park, MD 21146 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 431-7148
Dr. Laurence R. Riddle ARMY 00-106 |
| Title: | Platform Noise Reduction |
| Abstract: | For acoustic sensors to have sufficient detection ranges on future combat systems, a platform noise reduction system that achieves near ambient noise levels is needed. The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of platform noise reduction using noise cancellation sensors and algorithms. During Phase I Signal Systems Corporation will collect data on either a HMMWV or an unmanned vehicle. We will determine noise sources, and the spatial coherence of the noise field under different platform operating conditions. We will investigate new acoustic array designs with improved platform noise suppression; examine noise reduction techniques applicable to moving conditions; and demonstrate (off-line) broadband noise reduction. We will develop a preliminary design for a high frequency noise reduction system applicable to acoustic shock wave processing. Technical results included in the Phase I effort are noise reduction versus vehicle speed; noise reduction versus algorithm approach; noise reduction versus number of array and reference sensors, and self-noise classification features that discriminate between near and far-field acoustic signatures. The results of our Phase I effort will have addressed the critical risk areas of this project and provide a solid foundation for a real-time prototype effort in Phase II. Our approach will enable maximum platform noise reduction onboard future combat vehicles, such as reconnaissance unmanned vehicles. By making acoustic sensors effective, we can provide an all-weather, all-time surveillance capability that helps to queue infrared and visual sensors without the cost, power and weight associated with radar processors. This technology will also improve speech recognition performance in the wireless and handheld information appliance products. |
| EPITAXIAL LABORATORY, INC.
25 East Loop Road Stony Brook, NY 11790 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 909-9209
Dr. Jie Piao ARMY 00-107 |
| Title: | Development of TlGaAs/GaAs materials for High Speed Electronic Devices |
| Abstract: | High-performance, low cost monolithic radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFIC) have many applications for ARMY, other DOD components, and commercial site. The need for RFIC operating in the high mm-wave range stresses the current GaAs based PHEMT technology to its limits, and has spurred development effort of InP based HEMT/PHEMT. The cost of InP based HEMT/PHEMT is very high due to expensive, much smaller and less robust substrate, and the InP-specific fabrication steps. Calculations predict that TlGaAs based PHEMT on GaAs has better device performance figures over current GaAs based PHEMT and is comparable to InP based HEMT. When considering the mature GaAs MESFET and PHEMT technology with 4 inch and 6 inch fab lines, retaining GaAs substrate in manufacturing operation, as opposed to switching to InP substrates, is highly desirable. ELI proposes to develop a TlGaAs based PHEMT on GaAs substrate. TlGaAs on GaAs PHEMT will offer many advantages over present technologies. These include improved performance with reduced cost, better reliability, and lower leakage currents. In phase I, TlGaAs/GaAs 2DEG growth and characterizations will be carried out, and high performance PHEMT device will be realized in phase II. TlGaAs based high speed, low cost PHEMT has many applications in both military and commercial sectors. These applications include but are not limited to hand-held personnel communication systems, automotive collision warning radars, digital radios, satellite communication system, phased-array radar, and wireless local area network(WLAN) |
| MICRO ANALYSIS & DESIGN, INC.
4900 Pearl East Circle Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 442-6947
Ms. Susan Archer ARMY 00-108 |
| Title: | Crew Station Design Tool |
| Abstract: | Modeling and simulation have become an integral part of the engineering process and, through DoD initiatives like Simulation-Based Acquisition, are likely to assume an even greater role in the years ahead. The increasing complexity of weapons systems, coupled with budget pressure and manpower limitations, has fostered a deep and sincere appreciation for ensuring that the soldiers will be able to effectively and efficiently operate, maintain and support new systems when they are fielded. This has fueled the hunger for Design Visualization techniques and tools. This proposal describes a specific process that capitalizes on previous work performed in the human factors industry and combines this work to provide an innovative and uniquely powerful design visualization tool. This design visualization tool would provide a method through which controls and displays would be positioned in a work station in a manner that optimizes the crewmember's ability to perform their work. This technique involves function and task analysis, integration of human factors standards and guidelines, as well as workload analysis modeling and human figure modeling. This product will assist designers in developing layout of the controls and displays in any system that includes human components, so long as constructive representations of the system and environment exist or can be developed. Examples include: nuclear power plants, air traffic control, air- and space-craft, space mission control, metropolitan emergency management, and police command and control units. |
| AURORA ASSOC.
3350 Scott Boulevard Santa Clara, CA 95054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 748-2960
Dr. I. C. Chang ARMY 00-109 |
| Title: | High Speed Solid State Mid-Infrared Spectral Tuner for Laser Radar Applications |
| Abstract: | The Army has a need for a compact high-speed solid state hyperspectral tuner for rapildy tuning mid-infrared lasers and optical parametric oscillatorrs operating in the 3-5 micron range. Such electronic tunable source is needed in laser radar and Lidar systems for various applications such as countermeasures and standoff detection of chemical and biological weapons. Present techniques are bulky and suffer from critical alignment, poor reliabiltiy from moving parts, and slow tuning rates. The objective is to construct and demonstrate a high-speed spectral tuner in the 3-5 micron range based on acousto-optic techniques. Based on experimental results, the oprojected performance of two types of AO tuners are: 1cm^-1 resolution and 95% efficiency at 1 watt drive power. Using a transverse configuration, the tuning speed is estimated about 1MHz. The proposed approach is to use the above design as a low-risk baseline. Performance enhancement techniques are proposed to significantly improve the performance. The onbjective is to overcome the limitations including spectral resolution (2.2cm^-1), transmission efficicency (97%) and beam quality. All these factors will greatly affect the performance of the tunable OPOs. A rugged, field-deployable non-mechanical acousto-optic tuner for OPOs will have many military applications. The near-term applications with the largest potential markets are chemical detection systems for environmental monitoring systems and manufacturing process monitoring. |
| MATERIALS PROCESSING, INC.
6401 Elm Crest Court Fort Worth, TX 76132 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(817) 294-0135
Dr. Animesh Bose ARMY 00-110 |
| Title: | Powder Injection Molding for Large Military Components |
| Abstract: | Powder injection molding (PIM) is a new technology that uses the shaping advantages of plastic injection molding but expands its applications to advanced materials such as metals, alloys, and ceramics. These advanced materials have potential applications both in the military and commercial sector. The applications of PIM in the military area have been limited due to the inability of the process to produce in an environmentally friendly manner, large components using inexpensive tooling materials. The current project will explore a novel medium pressure injection molding (MPIM) machine in conjunction with either a water based binder extraction system or a supercritical gas phase binder extraction process, that will be able to produce large and complex shaped parts in an environmentally friendly manner. The concept of MPIM, which uses significantly lower injection pressures compared to conventional machines, will also allow the use of low cost tooling material for producing large and complex shaped parts. The process will be developed using a 17-4 PH stainless steel alloy that has dual use. Later the concept will be expanded to submicron or nano-sized powders. Success in this project will open up new horizons for the PIM industry that has numerous applications for large components. The success in this project will provide DoD with a novel technology for fabricating large complex shaped military components in an environmentally friendly manner. The process developed will have tremendous impact in the commercial PIM arena as it will expand the ability of the PIM process to produce large components in a cost effective manner by using low cost tooling materials. This advantage will be extensively utilized by both the defense (projectile fins, shape charges, EFP's, warhead liners, gun parts, grenade shells, etc.) sector and the commercial (automotive, medical, business machines, hand tools, textile machines, aerospace, etc.) sector. |
| NEW JERSEY MICROSYSTEMS, INC.
240 King Blvd. Newark, NJ 07102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 297-1449
Dr. Dadi Setiadi ARMY 00-111 |
| Title: | Magnetic Microsensor Module |
| Abstract: | We propose a magnetometer using a MEMS sensor and CMOS signal conditioning circuitry to detect magnetic anomalies generated by the presence and movement of vehicles and troops. The minimum detectable signal is 1 nT and the signal output sampling periods are 1, 2, or 10 seconds with a serial formatted output. The device has a field life of up to 12 months depending upon the energy of batteries. This magnetometer is autonomous and operates with nanopower CMOS internal circuits detecting threshold magnetic fields preset in the range generally below 100 nTesla Rejection is provided to discriminate out the earth field as high as 100 microTesla. Higher frequency acoustics and vibrations filtered. This magnetometer is highly complimentary to the NJM Sense-it TM line of remote readout microsensors. The dual use technology will permit retrofitting of the magnetic sensor module directly into many of the existing military and non-military magnetometer products. The NJM magnetometer module will greatly reduce the price for 1nT sensors and should therefore open up markets that previously were not cost effective. These markets include further penetration into the consumer magnetometer and industrial material sensor /surveillance/security markets. |
| QUANTUM MAGNETICS, INC.
7740 Kenamar Ct. San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 566-9200
Dr. Yacine Dalichaouch ARMY 00-111 |
| Title: | Development of a Magnetic Microsensor Module for Battlefield Applications |
| Abstract: | The goal of the proposed work is to develop a technology for small, low power, low cost magnetic microsensor modules that can detect magnetic anomalies in the battlefield generated by the presence and movement of armed troops and military vehicles. The focus will be on Anisotropic MagnetoResistive (AMR) sensors that can be fabricated by microelectronics techniques. These sensors represent a mature technology and are widely available commercially. They operate at room temperature with high sensitivity and have a broad bandwidth. During the course of the project, Quantum Magnetics will design, develop, and test a small, low-cost magnetic microsensor module including on-board electronics, power supply, and data communications capabilities. The long-term vision is to integrate these modules into a network of battlefield microsensors that include a variety of other sensing technologies (acoustic, seismic, IR, etc.) A highly sensitive magnetic microsensor module would also find numerous applications in security operations and surveillance of perimeters and borders, detection of unexploded ordnance UXO, detection of concealed weapons, and monitoring of urban and highway traffic. |
| SATCON TECHNOLOGY CORP.
161 First Street Cambridge, MA 02142 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 349-0821
Mr. James H. Goldie ARMY 00-112 |
| Title: | Magnetorheological Fluid-Based Continuously Variable Transmission |
| Abstract: | A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is proposed that utilizes magnetorheological (MR) fluids. Using a typical MR fluid with a saturation yield stress of 70 kPa at 1600 Oe, it appears feasible to design a 60 hp CVT within the desired volumetric footprint: 3-inch axial length and 10-inch diameter. Initially, the Phase I will investigate the tradeoffs between the various possible approaches for the MR fluid-based CVT, in order to select the most promising concept. The effort will then proceed to development of an optimum design for the selected concept. The design effort will address issues such as production and shaping of the activating magnetic field, viscous losses in non-activated regions of the MR fluid, overall efficiency, stresses in critical elements, and sealing of the MR fluid. We will conclude the program with testing on a representative small-scale prototype that incorporates the critical features and addresses the risks of the proposed MR fluid CVT. A compact, efficient continuously variable transmission (CVT) with high rpm capability offers improved fuel economy, reduced vehicle weight, reduced engine torque/speed demands, and reduced vehicle emissions. Such a CVT will also benefit products and equipment where there is variable-speed mechanical power transmission. |
| BROOKHAVEN TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC.
25 East Loop Road Stony Brook, NY 11790 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(631) 751-7415
Dr. J. Paul Farrell ARMY 00-113 |
| Title: | Nuclear Isomer Energy Storage System |
| Abstract: | This proposal concerns the use of nuclear isomers as an energy storage system for defense and space applications. Nuclear isomers offer the potential to store energy at densities that are 10^4 times higher per pound ( ~ 10^9 J/g) than chemical systems. Nuclear isomers are long lived ( > 1 ns) excited states of nuclei that release their excess energy by electromagnetic decay. The importance of isomers for energy storage depends both on their availability and on the ability to stimulate the release of their stored energy. (Stimulated release of energy from nuclear isomers is also an important condition for the implementation of concepts related to gamma ray lasers. ) One of the most interesting isomers in terms of half-life (T1/2 = 31 y) and energy storage per nucleus ( ~ 2.446 MeV) is 178m2Hf. This proposal examines important aspects of a nuclear isomer energy storage system based on this isomer with particular emphasis on optimization of beam based methods of isomer production, concentration of isomer, and examination of methods for optimizing the stimulated release of its energy. These and various other aspects related to the application of isomer energy storage systems are the subject of this proposal. If successful, this research project would provide a lightweight energy storage system that has important benefits for increrasing mobility and providing future advanced battle systems that are smaller, lighter and more lethal than existing chemical systems. |
| SRS TECHNOLOGIES
500 Discovery Drive NW Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 971-7836
Mr. Hill Roberts ARMY 00-113 |
| Title: | Nuclear Isomer High Energy Density Storage System for Army Applications |
| Abstract: | Nuclear isomers store energy in metastable nuclear states at up to a million-fold greater density than high-energy chemical systems. A particular isomer of Hafnium, Hf-178m2, stores 1.3 gigajoules of energy per gram of isomer. It has an unusually long half-life of 31 years. It releases its 2.45 MeV of stored energy per nuclei as a cascade of gamma photons. The truly unique aspect of this isomer, first shown in 1998, is that it can be triggered to release the stored energy at an accelerated rate using low energy photons. A quantum energy gain of at least 60 is achieved, raising the possibility of using a portion of the released energy to self-sustain a continuing chain reaction at either a controlled or unlimited rate of release. The controlled accelerated release of this stored energy with the application of high energy density storage systems for future Army systems is the subject of this research. The concept design parameters will be defined through a combination of calculations, existing empirical data, and specific experiments on the Hf-178m2 isomer for verification. A break-even experiment will be defined, and a master program plan will be developed to accomplish the technology development in a phased demonstration approach. Nuclear isomer technology will allow the development of energy storage devices with far greater energy densities than conventional devices while also being far safer than other nuclear devices. Nuclear isomers also have potential applications in the areas of lethality against biological weapon threats, advanced space propulsion, oncology treatments, and gamma ray lasers. |
| DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC.
40 Lloyd Avenue Malvern, PA 19355 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 727-7700
Dr. C. Allen Butler ARMY 00-114 |
| Title: | Software Agent Technology for Large Scale, Real-time Logistics Decision Support |
| Abstract: | Daniel H. Wagner Associates proposes to develop a tool called the Logistics Agent Wizard (LAW) for the creation and control of logistics goal-based software agents. The LAW will consist of three major parts: the Requirements Wizard, the Agent Builder, and the Agent Monitor. The Requirements Wizard will provide an interface for the user to enter the information required to perform a specified task (e.g. consumption trend analysis, predictive failure, etc.). The Agent Builder will provide an interface for modifying agent behavior based on the algorithmic components of the specified task. The Agent Monitor will provide an interface for the user to view agent progress and control agent behavior. The agents dispatched by the LAW in Phase I will be preprogrammed software components with limited capabilities designed toward specific goals. We will extend this work in Phase II to develop a full prototype LAW capable of creating and controlling fully configurable agents to perform advanced logistics functions. The immediate benefit to the Army logistics community will be more automated decision making based on automatic retrieval and display of information. This will lead to more efficient operations in the logistics community. Similar benefits will also be demonstrated in other knowledge domains (METOC, weaponeering, etc.) and in the other military services during Phase II development and Phase III transition. This transition will also support an existing Wagner Associates software product called METPLAN to provide METOC data and visualization products to the Navy and Joint mission planning community. Commercial extensions of the Logistics Agent Wizard will be pursued in areas such as manufacturing, food service, travel planning, financial planning, etc., as well as to create agents similar to an existing Wagner Associates software product called WeatherDog, which provides automated context-sensitive weather information through a web browser. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.
11400 West Olympic Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 797-0613
Mr. Mark Cammarere ARMY 00-114 |
| Title: | Software Agent Technology for Large Scale, Real-time Logistics Decision Support |
| Abstract: | The ability to rapidly adapt mission plans is key to modern operational success. Although this is particularly true for combat forces, it is equally critical for the logistics structure that supports them. Although the availability of logistic decision support systems is increasing, an information overloaded digital battlefield hampers their effective use. This information overload includes both data quantity (large amounts of information of varying type) and quality (information of varying relevance and usefulness). In addition, the dynamic nature of much of this data further compounds the problem. Software agent technologies may offer some hope of mitigating logistics information overload. Technology Service Corporation (TSC) believes that an end-to-end agent design approach that integrates reasoning models, ontology requirements and communication mechanisms will produce the best results. To this end, TSC proposes to identify, define and demonstrate software agent applicability to logistics using its Logistic Site Planning and Operation Tool (LOGSPOT; currently being developed under another Army SBIR) as the baseline system. Since LOGSPOT development will occur in parallel with the proposed effort, the synergy between the efforts should help ensure the straightforward insertion of identified agent technologies during Phase 2. Anticipated benefits of the research include the identification of agent technologies to mitigate much of the up-front data management, collection and synthesis operator activities currently part of the LOGSPOT. Because TSC plans to commercialize the LOGSPOT technology, any identified and inserted agent technologies will also be commercialized. |
| CERADYNE, INC.
3169 Redhill Avenue Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 549-0421
Dr. James Shih ARMY 00-115 |
| Title: | Synthesis and Process of Boron-Rich Boron Carbide |
| Abstract: | A low cost, high purity powder synthesis process is proposed for the boron-rich boron carbide for light weight armor applications. Rapid Carbothermal Reduction (RCR) will be used to synthesize the submicron boron carbide powder without the needs of acid washing or powder comminution processes. Boron carbide powder with different boron to carbon ratio will be synthesized, and the lot-to-lot consistency will be evaluated. Hot pressing will be use to demonstrate the fabrication of boron-rich boron carbide. A partnership with a commercial powder manufacturer will be established. A preliminary database will be established for use in designing a Phase II program to scale-up and optimize the manufacturing process in synthesis and processing of boron-rich boron carbide. The noval powder synthesis process will produce low cost, high purity, submicron boron carbide powder. The resulting boron-rich boron carbide material can be used for various applications, including light weight armor systems, nuclear reactors, and industrial wear products. |
| CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY, INC.
9036 Winnetka Ave. Northridge, CA 91324 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 727-9786
Dr. Gengwei Jiang ARMY 00-116 |
| Title: | Highly Proton-Conducting Inorganic Membrane From Functionalized POMs |
| Abstract: | The proposed research is to develop highly proton conductive and thermally stable inorganic electrolyte for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on functionalized POM membrane. POM has been proven to have high room temperature proton conductivity (0.17S/cm) and much lower cost than Nafion. Main drawback of POM is poor film forming capability and high solubility in water. Its conductivity is also sensitive to humidity and temperature. Functionalized POM inorganic polymeric network (1) will provide POM with membrane forming capability. (2) the ionic conductivity will be further improved, because anions are integrated into network backbone and thus immobilized; protons are the only movable ions in the polymeric system. The conductivity will be competitive with state-of-art PEMs. (3) hydrates form hydrogen bond with bridge ligand and polymeric network, therefore hydrates can be stabilized and protected to higher temperature. No water management system is needed to achieve high proton conductivity. Developments in fuel cell power sources will have immediate impact on a wide range of commercial power sources from computer power to emergency medical power supplies to recreational power uses. Potential fuel savings by higher efficiency power production via subject technology. Successful research would reduce significantly the cost due to battery consumption in the field. |
| ELTRON RESEARCH, INC.
4600 Nautilus Court South Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-0263
Dr. Zhonglin Wu ARMY 00-116 |
| Title: | Water Maintenance-Free Inorganic Proton Conductors for PEM Fuel Cells |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will identify and characterize novel inorganic proton conducting materials which do not require water maintenance for protonic transport. These materials could be used as membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells as well as in a wide variety of hydrogen separation applications. The composite materials of interest will be based on hydrogen sulphates and selenates of large monovalent cations heterogeneously doped with nanoscale secondary phases of oxyacid salts. Dense composite membranes of different compositions will be fabricated using various preparation techniques, and will subsequently be tested for their structural, electrochemical, and transport properties, as well as their stabilities. The composite materials showing the most promise will then be incorporated into laboratory scale membrane reactor configurations where their ability to mediate hydrogen without the need of water will be experimentally determined. Prototype proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on these composites will also be built and evaluated. Successful completion of this program will result in identifying a new generation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for electricity generation. Full implementation of this technology would be of significant economic and technical benefit to the Army and other government components as well as industries by providing low cost, high reliability, high efficiency fuel cells through the elimination of water-management systems. In addition, these membranes can be applied to a variety of hydrogen separation process and can act as novel reactors for carrying out different chemistries such as hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions at potentially lower costs and higher yields compared to other conventional processes. |
| CHARGED INJECTION CORP.
11 Deer Park Drive Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 274-1470
Dr. Arnold J. Kelly ARMY 00-117 |
| Title: | Ultra-lightweight Field Unit for Production and Repair of Chemical Biological Warfare (CBW) Protective Materials and Instant Bandages |
| Abstract: | Compact, energy efficient charge injection electrostatic atomizers are capable of operating at arbitrarily high throughput levels. One version of this class of devices, the paper clip sized, cold-cathode, field-emitter, submerged electron gun SPRAY TRIODE atomizer is capable of electrospinning fibers at a gram per second and higher throughput levels. Micron sized fiber battings of molten polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and methylene chloride/Lexan and tetrahydrofuran (THF)/Pellethane solutions have been electrospun from solution to form nanofiber webs using milliwatts of input electrical power. Applicability for field use has been demonstrated by the approximately ten hour operation of a handheld SPRAY TRIODE based applicator using two (2) 9V transistor batteries for power. Building on this science/technology base, the Phase I effort will investigate the influence of charge density, operating and fluid parameters on fiber development for polymeric materials to be specified. Work will be undertaken to use the S'tron electron gun charging process for electrospinning polar solutions. Phase II will focus on S'tron development for field and large scale industrial applications requiring liter per minute throughputs. Charge injection permits the energy efficient electrospinning at the throughput levels required for high volume production of non-woven sieve materials. In addition to being applicable to battery operated hand-held field repair applicators, charge injection electrospinning can be used for the large scale production of charged (electret) and uncharged nanofiber polymeric films. Such sieve materials can be used for film barriers, surgical dressings, vascular grafts, catheters, surgical pads, scaffolding for tissue engineering, reinforcing meshes for surgical usage, sanitary barrier products, sieve non-woven fabrics for clothing including chemical and biological warfare suits, surgical gloves, face masks, and tentage. This technology is an energy efficient replacement for melt blown fiber generation. In addition, it is an inexpensive means to manufacture ultra-suede, and enables the direct spray formation of clothing either on mandrels or directly on the body. The same technology is applicable to the in-situ generation of high efficiency, electret ultra-filters for air and liquid purification. |
| RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC.
44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 926-1167
Dr. Vivek Nagarkar ARMY 00-118 |
| Title: | Advanced Detector Design for Large Area, Ultra-Fast X-ray Imaging |
| Abstract: | High speed x-ray imaging is extremely important for several military and civilian applications such as imaging exploding land mines, high speed computed tomography for medical imaging, time resolved x-ray diffraction of biological systems, and drug development research. The advent of high flux, micro-focused, flash x-ray sources have now facilitated high-speed x-ray imaging in laboratory environments. However, these x-ray sources have not yet realized their full potential due to the lack of a suitable fast x-ray imaging system. Specifically, a lack of high-resolution detection systems with large active imaging areas and a microsecond time resolution is the major limiting factor in these important applications. To address these limitations we propose to develop a novel x-ray imaging system based on a high resolution, high efficiency, fast decay time structured CsI scintillator, optically coupled to an advanced ultra-fast CCD. The proposed digital system will operate at 105 frames per second or greater, with the effective dynamic range of 12 bits. The Phase I research will demonstrate the feasibility of the core technology and will provide a detailed plan for the Phase II system development. In addition to the army applications, the proposed detector would find widespread use in instrumentation wherever high resolution and fast readout x-ray detectors are used. These include structural biology, microtomography of teeth and bones, polymer processing, x-ray astronomy, nondestructive testing, and basic physics research. High-resolution x-ray imaging detectors currently have a large commercial market, and as such, the proposed development holds a very high potential for commercialization. |
| MESOSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
3200 George Washington Way Richland, WA 99352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(509) 375-1111
Dr. Yin-Fong Su ARMY 00-121 |
| Title: | High Output of Near-Monodisperse Bioaerosols with an Ink Jet Aerosol Generator |
| Abstract: | Existing aerosol generators cannot meet the Army's need for sufficiently high output, monodisperse aerosols for use in room-size test chambers. MesoSystems Technology, Inc. (MesoSystems) will utilize the design principles produced from a smaller ink jet aerosol generator (IJAG) recently patented by DoD. (MesoSystems is negotiating for a license for this technology that produces a low particulate output). MesoSystems proposes to scale-up this invention to produce an IJAG design capable of being used for chamber tests. Viability of vegetative cells such as Erwinia herbicola (Eh) has been demonstrated with the small IJAG unit. The proposed high output design uses recently produced ink jet nozzle assemblies composed of greater than 150 nozzles that could produce in excess of 1.5 million particles per minute. In Phase I, we will assemble and test a proof-of-principle aerosol generator to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. This full-scale prototype will be commercialized in Phase II by packaging IJAG units with our micromachined aerosol collector sales. The resulting high output IJAG will be simple to operate, compact, and provide highly monodisperse aerosols at very high concentrations. The proposed aerosol generator will meet or exceed the Army's requirements. The design is scalable and could be used in a variety of applications, including testing of ventilation systems, dispersion of agents for agriculture, materials processing, and biomedical research. |
| MARK RESOURCES, INC.
3878 Carson Street, Suite 210 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 543-4746
Dr. Richard L. Mitchell ARMY 00-122 |
| Title: | Low Cost High-Resolution Radar System |
| Abstract: | There is a critical need at several test ranges for a remote sensing capability to image targets and perform such measurements as vector miss distance, target attitude, deployment and event timing, and damage assessment. Radar is the only sensor capable of making these measurements on high-altitude targets, but suitable radars, with the necessary bandwidth and coverage, are not available. MARK Resources proposes to develop a new affordable wideband radar to meet this need. In fact, the radar should be so affordable that multiple units could also be used simultaneously to obtain true vector (three-dimensional) solutions. There are many test ranges in the world, and all are potential customers for the wideband radar systems. There is no other affordable product in existence with such advanced capabilities. |
| CLEVELAND MEDICAL DEVICES, INC.
11000 Cedar Avenue Cleveland, OH 44106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 254-4155
Mr. Farron L. Dacus ARMY 00-123 |
| Title: | Smart Cellular/GPS Rugged Tracking System |
| Abstract: | The Smart Cellular/GPS Rugged Tracking System Phase I program will provide a rigorous feasibility study and demonstration of system design and technology implementation methods for a software controlled radio and GPS asset tracking system. Low cost highly compact "wearable" Trackers shall integrate GPS and data radios under a custom cellular network to read asset position and velocity, and report it to the system many times per second. Trackers may be worn by people or attached to equipment. Attachment methods will include an eletrocleavable adhesive that is solidly mounted without modification to equipment, and quickly removed by passing an electric current through the metal case. Databasing of time, space, and position information of a large number (>1000) of tracked assets (staff,vehicles, aircraft, equipment) will be provided on PC based Monitoring Stations. A modern spread spectrum Time Division Multiple Access cellular system design emphasizes flexibility, reliability, and future growth. System range can extend hundreds of miles via adding cells as desired. The custom cellular network provides complete user control and freedom from airtime charges. The system will be designed with a modular architecture using commercial off the shelf technology to limit cost. This capability in an integrated, wide ranging, high asset count, software controlled system does not currently exist elsewhere. Its development is in keeping with the Army's concept of superiority in field operations through superior information technology,i.e., the Digital Battlefield. Other U.S. services also have a significant interest in similar capability and future expanded versions of it. Civilian applications include vehicle fleet management, theft prevention, tracking of at risk staff such as police officers and forest rangers, and tracking of domestic and wild animals. The frequencies of operation chosen allow for both military and civilian application, and thus for minimum cost to the government through high volume commercial reuse. |
| FLOW ANALYSIS, INC.
256 93rd Street Brooklyn, NY 11209 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 604-3770
Mr. John Bridgeman ARMY 00-124 |
| Title: | Scalable Aerodynamics and Coupled Comprehensive Methods for the Prediction of Rotorcraft Maneuver Loads |
| Abstract: | Modern rotorcraft, when operating near performance boundaries typical of high-speed or maneuvering flight, can experience complex and highly non-linear aerodynamics phenomena which induce exceptionally high loads on the rotor system. The strong interaction between the aerodynamics and the structural dynamics can lead to violent vibrations, reduced handling qualities, and a reduction in fatigue life. The principle mechanism of this behavior is dynamic stall, which involves a cyclic event of massive flow separation, vortex shedding and convection over the blade surface. The multidisciplinary nature of the problem necessitates a tightly coupled predictive capability. Conventional Navier-Stokes approaches have shown promise but their computational cost is prohibitive. Flow Analysis, Inc. (FAI) has developed a technique for predicting dynamic stall using the Vorticity Confinement method incorporated into a compressible flow solver. This approach requires far fewer computational resources when compared to conventional methods. The proposed effort involves the integration of the Vorticity Confinement method and a structural dynamics code in a tightly coupled fashion. Through the judicious use of parallel processing resources, scalable performance can be achieved, making this approach computationally practical. The method will be demonstrated on a scale suitable for a Phase I level of effort and sufficient for proof of concept. The successful completion of the research will result in the development of a code that uses a state-of-the-art comprehensive method tightly coupled to a high-fidelity aerodynamics method, with a unique and efficient dynamic stall predictive capability. The code will demonstrate excellent performance and scalability on parallel computers, and with the proper hardware and operating system environment, on workstation or PC clusters. This will provide the Army and U.S. Aviation industry a tool for improved predictions of high speed and maneuvering flight, immediately at the conclusion of the Phase II effort. Further extensions, in Phase II and Phase III, will provide computational tools that will have many commercialization benefits, including aircraft aeroelastic applications. |
| INTELLIGENT INVESTMENTS, INC.
620 S. Elm ST Greensboro, NC 27406 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(336) 274-3316
Dr. David G. Goldstein ARMY 00-125 |
| Title: | Knowledge Acquisition and System Engineering Toolset (KASET) |
| Abstract: | Developing Cognitive Decision Aiding (CDA) systems
(e.g., Rotorcraft Pilot's Associate) costly
knowledge acquisition and engineering. Many
emerging technologies combined with pure research
would provide dramatic improvements for tools and
processes to build CDA systems. We believe that
order of magnitude improvements would be realized
through a prototype incorporating the
followingtechnologies:
|
| SMA INFORMATION FLOW TECHNOLOGIES
2119 Oliver Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 578-7438
Mr. Harry B. Funk ARMY 00-125 |
| Title: | Knowledge Acquisition Tools for Cognitive Design Aid and Development |
| Abstract: | Rotorcraft Pilot's Associate (RPA) flight test and other previous and ongoing system evaluations [Dorn99] have demonstrated the military utility of Cognitive Decision Aiding Systems (CDASs). There is, however, an increasing awareness that the knowledge which must be acquired, captured, represented, implemented and tuned offers a tremendous cost and process hurdle to the development, evolution and fielding of CDA Systems. What is needed is a means of tracing the lifecycle of every bit of knowledge in the system, and of every design decision that involves that knowledge-and of doing so in a manner that does not impose undue additional workload on the engineers building the system. In this effort we will examine the benefits realizable from implementing a number of alternative proposed extensions to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) use case formalism. We anticipate melding attributes from a number of available extension proposals into a synthesized methodology enhancement that effectively integrates acquired knowledge in support of CDASs into the standard software development process. We will apply this methodology to a representative set of problem cases experienced on RPA and other similar efforts, analyze the contributions and refine the design. Other supporting advances in knowledge acquisition and tagging are described. Reduced cost of knowledge acquisition activities. More effective use of acquired knowledge. Better insight into influence effects of knowledge on standard software development environments. Capability to build critics analogous to existing software inspection tools through enhanced traceability. |
| METROLASER, INC.
18010 Skypark Circle Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 553-0688
Dr. Vladimir Markov ARMY 00-126 |
| Title: | Portable Optical Module for Fatigue Damage Precursor Detection |
| Abstract: | We have outlined a concept for a laser-based sensor for the aerospace components inspection for creep or fatigue damage. The sensor detects precursors to crack formation occurring as early as the first 10% of fatigue life and therefore can be used to identify accumulated fatigue damage prior to crack initiation. In addition, the same method can easily detect the presence of micro-cracks that occur late in fatigue life and alert the user of imminent failure. In this proposal, we show experimental data that supports our precursor detection concept, and present preliminary designs for a compact, hand-held instrument. During Phase I we will demonstrate feasibility of the technique by constructing an optical measurement breadboard, measuring production aerospace components under fatigue loading, and correlate the results with measurements from electron microscopy techniques. In addition, we will investigate the use of infrared wavelengths to interrogate painted surfaces. The results of the Phase I study will permit detailed design of a prototype instrument and estimates of its performance envelope. In Phase II, the prototype system will be built and field-tested. Since over 90% of mechanical failures are due to fatigue damage, the proposed sensor will be useful in many industries employing dynamically loaded mechanical systems. Of particular significance are the commercial and military aircraft industries, where the instrument could be employed to quickly verify the safety condition of most critical components, such as turbine blades, fuselage panels, and landing gear. In addition, many other industries can benefit from this diagnostic tool including automotive, power generation, railroad, etc. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Engineering & Products Div. Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Yunlu Zou ARMY 00-126 |
| Title: | Digital Integrated Shearographic Camera for On-Wing Defect Inspection of Aircraft Components |
| Abstract: | High-performance high-strength aircraft components can suffer catastrophic failure as a result of fatigue at very small cracks. Detecting fatigue or creep at an early stage can eliminate loss or fatal damage to a multimillion dollar machine and save lives. Current maintenance techniques for inspecting components for creep or fatigue damage require disassembly of aircraft systems/subsystems contributing to operation and support (O&S) costs and maintenance downtime. Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a digital integrated shearographic camera (DISC) for real-time inspection of aircraft components, including turbine/compressor blades inside turbine engines, to detect both superficial and buried defects. DISC integrates several system functions in an innovative single element. Digital processing of the shearograms extracts detailed quantitative measures of microstrain at each flaw location. The borescope-based handheld device will give the DISC access to perform measurements in difficult-to-reach areas. The system will be designed to address U.S. Army Operating and Support Cost Reduction (OSCR) initiatives. In Phase I, POC will procure and develop the essential hardware and software, and will demonstrate the capability to detect microstrains in aircraft components in situ. Transition from Phase I design to Phase II prototype development will be initiated in the option period. The proposed digital shearographic camera has wide potential in both military and civilian applications, including in aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) of the Army, Air Force, Navy, and NASA, and in commercial engine and aircraft manufacturing. The instrument can also be used for defect measurement on automobile bodies and wheels, other machines, buildings, and infrastructure. |
| QUALTECH SYSTEMS, INC.
100 Great Meadow Rd. Wethersfield, CT 06109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 257-8014
Dr. Amit Mathur ARMY 00-127 |
| Title: | Data Mining within an Advanced Diagnostic and Prognostic System for Rotorcraft Maintenance |
| Abstract: | Qualtech Systems, Inc. (QSI), as a provider of model-based diagnostic and maintenance aiding tools, possesses key components required to implement many of the data analysis and decision-making functions required for on-line health management of large complex systems. Leveraging these capabilities, the proposed effort seeks to develop data mining capabilities required by reasoning systems to sustain seamless, distributed, multi-level health management and maintenance functions. Major innovations of this effort are the use of maintenance data mining results in flight-line maintenance activity to optimize troubleshooting strategies based on a combined analysis of onboard sensor data and fleet-wide history data, and customization to site-specific profile (available time, parts and maintenance resources, etc.). The data mining results will be made available via the Internet to the appropriate ground facility, contributing to significant benefits to current fleet operations and operational cost savings. The Phase I effort will focus on enhancing QSI's knowledge base with a prototype capabilities for harvesting fleet-wide maintenance history and configuration data and analyzing it with a set of novel data mining techniques to update key parameters aiding future flight-line maintenance. The Phase I prototype capabilities will be developed in Phase II and interfaced with the Army's maintenance and logistics management systems. Aircraft maintenance and logistics management, health and usage monitoring of aircraft, spacecraft, manufacturing processes and machinery, patient health monitoring |
| DIVERSIFIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
35 Wiggins Ave. Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 275-9444
Dr. David Fink ARMY 00-128 |
| Title: | Variable Geometry High-Lift Airfoil for Rotorcraft |
| Abstract: | In this proposal, DTI will leverage its expertise in electromechanics and aerodyamics to explore the concept of a continuously deformable Leading Edge ElectroMagnetic Airfoil(LEEMA).The airfoil, embedded in the rotor blade, will be deformed by coils and magnets embedded in flexible and fixed structures of the airfoil. Key elements of the research will include determining optimum size, weight, power, structural configuration, and reliability of this innovative airfoil system. In the Phase I option, DTI will evaluate candidate actual mainline helicopter airfoil shapes exhibiting high peak lift coefficients for advancing and receding blade shape that can be mimicked by a single deformable leading edge airfoil. In addition to the rotorcraft performance improvements described above, a leading edge variable airfoil improves aerodynamic efficiency and has significant potential economic and human factors benefits including: _o Reduced fuel consumption _o Higher cruise speed _o Reduced vibration resulting in improved component lifetime and reduction in maintenance _o Improved passenger and crew comfortLong term, successful development of this technology has significant application throughout military and civilian rotorcraft aviation because it addresses one of the key technical barriers to rotorcraft technology - the inherent limitations in rotor aerodynamic performance. |
| TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS GROUP, INC.
4957 10th Avenue South Grand Forks, ND 58201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(701) 746-1818
Dr. William C. Gorman, Jr. ARMY 00-129 |
| Title: | Advanced Corrosion Protection Scheme for Magnesium Helicopter Components |
| Abstract: | Technology Applications Group, Inc. (TAG) proposes to construct a "mobile" Tagnite unit that will apply non-chromate anodized coatings to bare magnesium surfaces. The "mobile" unit would consist of a small rectifier, cooling unit, electrolyte storage, collection reservoirs as well as application heads or brushes mounted on a mobile cart with a large work surface. The magnesium component would be placed on the work surface and anodized coating would be applied to the bare magnesium surfaces using a high alkaline, silicate based electrolyte. This process would be able to coat areas up to 1 ft^2 in a short time period. Primary areas of investigation are the impact of application process on organic finishes and ferrous inserts. Salt spray corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and paint adhesion testing would be done on WE43 and ZE41 magnesium test panels and compared to DOW 19. TAG wishes to investigate the feasibility of low current anodized coatings as a means to repair small surface areas (<1in^2) on magnesium components. Successful development of low current anodized coatings would lead to the development of battery operated anodizing units that would be capable of repairing scratches on magnesium components while still on the rotorcraft. Anticipated Benefits 1. Mobile Tagnite The mobile Tagnite unit would be a small, mobile anodizing cart capable of depositing an anodized coating on magnesium surfaces after final machining by the OEM and during the overhaul phase of the component at the depot level. The coating would be non-chromate and provide superior corrosion protection, abrasion resistance and paint adhesion compared to the DOW 19 chromate conversion coating. Application cost would be comparable to DOW 19 with minimal environmental impact. 2. Portable Tagnite Successful formulation of low current anodized coatings will lead to the development of a handheld, battery operated Tagnite anodization unit. This unit would be ideal for the repair of small scratches or dings to magnesium components. The portable nature of the unit will allow the scratch to be repaired while the magnesium component is still on the rotorcraft. Potential Commercial Applications This technology could be readily transferred to the commercial aircraft market. The "mobile" and "portable" Tagnite units could be used to selectively anodize magnesium components on civilian fixed wing aircraft and rotorcraft. The automotive manufacturers are rapidly increasing their usage of magnesium on cars. Initial magnesium applications were in the interior of the car but use of magnesium is spreading to exterior parts such as transmission and transfer cases, master brake cylinders, support brackets and wheels. These parts will need to be serviced or repaired and this will lead to scratches that will need touchup. The use of magnesium components is rapidly escalating in the marine, power tool, consumer electronics and sporting goods areas. These areas would all benefit from a durable, easily applied, environment friendly anodized coating. |
| PLRA
485 Summit Springs Road Woodside, CA 94062 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 851-0917
Dr. Carol Simpson ARMY 00-130 |
| Title: | Integrated Warning Caution and Advisory System (IWCA) |
| Abstract: | Current audio generation technology, in combination with recent advances in human factors design principles for auditory alerting systems, offers the potential for a new design, an Integrated Warning Caution and Advisory (IWCA) system which will enhance crew situational awareness during responses to abnormal and emergency situations. The objective of this Phase I effort is to determine the feasibility of designing and building a prototype IWCA which could function within the systems architectures of current and future Army helicopters. An IWCA would provide improved crew alerting functions for the Army's several different helicopters. There is also a potential benefit for Department of Defense aircraft in general. Likewise, in the commercial aviation sector, an IWCA could provide the alerting functions that are now performed by a federated system of individual alerting systems. |
| THOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
7600 Jefferson NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 296-3615
Dr. Stuart T. Schwab ARMY 00-131 |
| Title: | Advanced Materials and Processing Methods for CMC Ducts |
| Abstract: | Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) are inherently wear and oxidation resistant, retain strength at higher temperatures and have lower specific densities than competing metal systems. The hot sections of gas turbine engines and related devices are exposed to aggressive gaseous species at high temperature. Because of their thermochemical stability and oxidation resistance, continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites have been identified as leading material candidates for high temperature applications; however, new processing methods are needed to lower the cost of producing these materials, and to produce them in forms that can be attached readily to supporting metal structures. Thor Technologies, Inc. will team with Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Materials Research & Design (MR&D), and Allison Advanced Development Company (AADC) to integrate two novel technologies into an innovative, low cost method of producing hybrid CFCCs for turbine engine applications, such as inter-turbine ducts. The novel polymer infiltration/microwave pyrolysis (PIMP) process enables the production of hybrid CFCCs, in which new features enable the use of conventional attachments (i.e., bolts). The PI has over fifteen years experience in processing CFCCs, and the team has the design, manufacturing, and testing expertise to produce inter-turbine engine ducts at low cost. The reduction in cooling air requirements will lower the overall weight and increase the operating efficiency of turbine engines ranging from aerospace engines to stationary power plants. The availability of low cost CFCCs will enable new industrial applications, such as corrosion-proof piping for chemical processing. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
2 Research Place Rockville, MD 20850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 590-3155
Dr. Chiman Kwan ARMY 00-132 |
| Title: | A New Traffic Prediction Based Bandwidth Management Tool for Wireless Networks |
| Abstract: | Intelligent Automation, Incorporated (IAI) specializes in signal processing and communications. We have applied this technology to a wide range of systems including factory production control, automatic target recognition, prediction of network traffic, prediction of power system load, fast flow control of high-speed communication networks, and equalization of nonlinear channels. The Advanced Engineering and Sciences division of ITT Industries (ITT-AES), the subcontractor of this Phase 1 project, has extensive experience in developing tools for Quality of Service (QoS) based network communications, including satellite communications and wireless land mobile communications. This proposal details how we synergistically merge expertise of IAI and ITT-AES to yield an efficient bandwidth management tool over wireless network. The key idea of this proposal is to manage bandwidth based on predicted future traffics in the system. Conventional approaches to network management are reactionary in nature. That is, the decision on bandwidth allocation is based on past measurement of traffic and hence is slow and inefficient in response. In contrast, our traffic prediction based bandwidth management tool is a look-ahead approach and will be more efficient and quick in bandwidth management. Moreover, much less collisions will occur among users and less bandwidth will be wasted. The new QoS based bandwidth management tool will provide help to new commercial applications such as video distribution as well as military applications such as distributed control, commands, and communications. We expect this tool will find many applications in wireless and ATM networks, which will be a multibillion-dollar industry in the 21st century. |
| SCALABLE SIMULATION SOLUTIONS LLC
11022 Santa Monica Blvd #260 Los Angeles, CA 90025 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 966-9947
Scott S. Lee ARMY 00-132 |
| Title: | Adaptive Bandwidth Management in Heterogeneous, Mobile, Wireless Networks |
| Abstract: | In this project we address the management of wireless bandwidth in heterogeneous networks typified by the Warfighter Information Network (WIN) for military applications and mixed wired, wireless, and satellite networks that are being commonly deployed for a multiplicity of commercial applications. The main goal is to strike a balance between efficient use of scarce and unstable bandwidth resources and the QoS guarantees made to real-time users and for low latency/ high priority applications. Specifically, we will develop solutions that will allow such a network to provide: (a) differentiated services to real time and best effort traffic following the Diff Serv model proposed for the wired Internet (b) bandwidth allocation and, more generally, performance guarantees to accepted real time connections (c) resource aware and precedence compliant Call Admission Control to enforce guarantees (d) efficient and fair bandwidth sharing among applications in the same class; (e) enforcement of priorities across traffic classes; (f) renegotiation of bandwidth and other resource when path characteristics change after connection setup; Phase I of the effort will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed techniques in achieving the preceding objectives via simulation of large scale heterogeneous networks that are subjected to realistic traffic and mobility patterns. The commercial marketplace for wireless applications is exploding. According to a survey from the Wireless Data and Computing Service, a division of Strategy Analytics, the mobile e-commerce industry may earn $200 billion by 2004. At the same time ISPs are proposing networking integrated wired/wireless architectures with dramatic differences in the available bandwidth. As illustrations of this trend, we mention Metricom type wireless metropolitan networks, which are soon expected to also include HALO (UAV type) and satellite connections will. Also, wireless extensions to the wired IP network are growing, that include cellular (UMTS); indoor wireless LANs (WaveLAN and Bluetooth); and LEO/GEO satellite links. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. Michael Perloff ARMY 00-132 |
| Title: | Bandwidth Estimation and Management for Mobile, Wireless Networks |
| Abstract: | Bandwidth management in mobile, wireless networks is different and more difficult than in landline networks due to lower data rates, mobility, interference, and channel variability, which makes bandwidth dynamic instead of fixed over time. Furthermore, bandwidth allocations affect more users through increased noise levels or collision interference at neighboring nodes and inefficient bandwidth allocations lower network performance through unnecessary pre-emption blocking. To solve these problems we propose innovative machine learning and analysis methods to obtain bandwidth estimates that account for mobility and variable channel conditions. We use these estimates to determine information and protocol steps for a full suite of robust, effective bandwidth management protocols supporting allocation, channel sharing, reservation, and Quality of Service. We build on our work in designing a WIreless NEtwork Simulation (WINES) that provides simple mobility and channel models along with flexible, parameterizable models of many proposed mobile, wireless routing methods. We will be assisted in this effort by Sonia Fahmy of Purdue University, an expert in IP and ATM approaches to bandwidth reservation, allocation, and Quality of Service. We will also be assisted by BBN Technologies, who developed the Internet and have an extensive track record in development of innovative mobile wireless technologies. This effort will provide effective means for bandwidth allocation for mobile, wireless networks (and other IP networks for which the problem are simpler) operating in harsh conditions where users contend for scarce bandwidth. Immediate applications include military networks and civilian emergency communications networks. Bluetooth, a new standard for low power wireless communications will result in new applications for mobile, self organizing, wireless networks that must adapt to and carry out prescribed functions in widely variable conditions. The methods developed here will prove applicable to those networks and help propel their widespread acceptance for industrial, home, and personal applications. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
Post Office Drawer 719 Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 797-4660
Dr. Jiri Fridrich ARMY 00-133 |
| Title: | Secure and Reliable Image Management using Watermarking |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I SBIR research, MRC proposes to develop new information protection and assurance technology based on robust and fragile digital watermarking. In particular, we will develop secure image authentication and integrity verification techniques capable of localizing changes in images and estimating the extent of the modifications. The techniques will be compatible with the public key encryption infrastructure and will enable convenient secure distribution of imagry between all military subjects including mobile battlefield agents. Also, a new class of self-embedding techniques will be developed that will enable images to repair themselves after intentional or unintentional damage. Such smart images will significantly increase the security and reliability of data transmission from and to agents in the battlefield. We further propose a class of robust watermarking techniques that can be combined with the fragile authentication watermarks to build hybrid watermarking schemes capable of distinguishing innocent (or allowed) changes including lossy compression or image enhancement, from malicious changes, such as feature removal or adding. Finally, all proposed watermarking techniques will be flexible, expandable, applicable to all image formats, and compatible with all existing and future battlefield agents. The watermarking algorithms will be implemented in a software product running on Windows 95/98/2000/NT platforms. Cryptographically secure fragile authentication techniques, hybrid watermarking schemes, and self-embedding techniques have important applications in a variety of commercial areas, including trusted imagery in court, secure hardware/image links, intelligent imagery, and secure image author/image links. Companies that deal with encryption, intellectual property protection, multimedia, internet commerce, steganography, and general imagery could all benefit from development of the proposed technologies. The authentication algorithms developed from this research could also be implemented directly in the hardware of secure surveillance digital cameras and video-cameras. |
| CAROLINA UNMANNED VEHICLES, INC.
4105 Graham-Newton Road Raleigh, NC 27606 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 851-9898
Mr. Michael E. Rogers ARMY 00-134 |
| Title: | Helikite Elevated Platform |
| Abstract: | Frontline units need a system to provide continuous reliable GPS support. The Army requires a method of deploying a Pseudolite at several hundred or thousand feet to provide augmented GPS signals. To meet this need Carolina Unmanned Vehicles, Inc. will develop the HELIKITE Elevated Platform (HEP), consisting of a small tethered blimp mounted in a special Carrier that allows operation by a single person. It can be towed by a HMMWV or other small vehicle. HEP may also be used for Differential GPS support to enhance areas such as helicopter all weather navigation. Other payloads can include video cameras or communication equipment. The project will provide an improved capability for the military and civilian agencies for continuous low cost augmented GPS coverage of large areas with minimum manpower, training and investment. This Phase I project will conduct the requirements analysis, systems engineering and design, culminating in a recommended design for Phase II. The contract would have an period of performance of six (6) months for Phase I and three (3) months for the Option. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Dan L. Grecu ARMY 00-135 |
| Title: | SIMKAP: Situation and Mission-responsive Knowledge Access Portal |
| Abstract: | The modern organizational and operational structures emerging within the US Army will require revolutionary transformations of the informational tools supporting the tasks of the new units. Knowledge access portals will become instrumental in gaining rapid situational understanding, and in making decisions leading to success in a wide range of operations. Unlike general-purpose portals, knowledge access portals designed for use in operational contexts need to respond to specific situation and mission characteristics. To support this need for context-sensitive knowledge access we propose the development of a Situation and Mission-responsive Knowledge Access Portal (SIMKAP) for the Brigade Combat Team. The portal encodes access-knowledge that captures the type of information and domain-knowledge needs specific to given situations and missions, as well as the specific knowledge access, navigation, and visualization modes that best support the associated cognitive processes of the decision-maker. The SIMKAP platform will select and customize knowledge sources, knowledge navigation and access capabilities, and services matching the decision-maker's tasks in specific operational modes, and will take into account the constraints and major requirements imposed by the associated contexts. The development effort will comply with DII-COE standards, and will integrate with existing US Army knowledge and information repositories. The proposed effort has significant potential aplications, both as a technology and as an end-product. As a technology the approach will provide tools for context-based knowledge access, in response to a decision-maker's task characteristics and task context. Candidate domains range from command and control centers, to corporate knowledge access, engineering design projects, and educational tool development. As an end-product, the associated knowledge engineering tools will support on-going DoD efforts to develop powerful command and control tools that will enable the warfighter to take rapid, and informed decisions in complex, real-time situations. |
| INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2800 28th Street Santa Monica, CA 90405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 581-5440
Dr. Azad M. Madni ARMY 00-135 |
| Title: | Knowport: Knowledge-Access Portal for Brigade Combat Team and other Knowledge Warriors |
| Abstract: | Brigade Combat Team (BCT) units are expected to accomplish complex, multidimensional tasks in a confusing, often unpredictable environment. To this end, the knowledge warriors within the BCT need to build a knowledge base whose contents can be accessed and exploited as necessary to achieve the requisite situation understanding. Situation understanding, in this context, is a measure of the degree to which a knowledge warrior is aware of and understands the significance of all factors (i.e., METT-T, local events, regional non-military factors) that typically influence the outcome of operations within an asymmetric environment. The goal of this overall effort is to develop, demonstrate, and transition an innovative knowledge access portal for improved Cognitive Readiness and Knowledge-based decisionmaking on the part of BCTs. Phase I of the effort will study and develop an early prototype of a knowledge portal capable of: a) integrating, personalizing, and optimally displaying both structured and unstructured content from diverse sources such as personal knowledge bases, battlefield information, web, digital libraries, and military archives; and b) interacting with knowledge warriors while providing decision support wherever possible. The information sources will cover CONUS, non-military regional factors, and local variables that all contribute to enhanced situation understanding and decisionmaking. Informed decisionmaking and operating and support cost reduction through just-in-time knowledge delivery and distance learning. Potential commercial applications of the R&D include distributed supply management, distributed web-based learning, airline contingency management, mid-office operations management, front-end to ERP/CRM systems. |
| INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC MACHINES
60 Fourth Avenue Albany, NY 12202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 449-5504
Mr. Zack Mian ARMY 00-135 |
| Title: | Knowledge Vortal Tools |
| Abstract: | Aimed at knowledge management, IEM's innovative knowledge Vortal accomplishes all of the essential elements central to knowledge management. Our design connects to relevant sources of knowledge such as subject matter experts (SMEs), allows a uniform and easy method to enter knowledge, and extracts/grabs pieces of useful knowledge from diversely located SMEs. Furthermore, our system indexes, categorizes, sorts, labels, abstracts the knowledge, makes knowledge(information) available to the users in easy, learnable manner; and updates, improves, maintains the knowledge base. The proposed design include over a dozen innovations including: artificial intelligence based expert system, innovative knowledge search, and powerful information delivery methods. In the Phase I effort, IEM will prototype all of the innovative features and create a prototype knowledge management site to study its operation and usefulness. The prototype site will serve as the basis of the Phase II design and implementation. This project will be done with the help of our partner, Smart Force, the largest e-Learning company in the world (IDC). Some of the applications for DOD as well as commercial markets include: a revolutionary e-learning model suitable for many other e-learning sites, creation of help desk type online facilities, knowledge repository sites for just about any topic, and improved knowledge search mechanism |
| ASTRON ANTENNA CO.
22560 Glenn Drive Sterling, VA 20164 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 450-5517
Mr. Joseph R. Jahoda ARMY 00-136 |
| Title: | Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Antennas |
| Abstract: | Develop and test antennas suitable for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with signals intelligence and communications payloads and the potential to be used with other systems. New ideas are stressed to achieve antenna miniaturization and wide bandwidths. The development of a miniaturized broadband antenna covering VHF/UHF frequencies for potential DF systems holds the potential for applications in wireless 911 emergency location of cell phones, as well as for military ship and battlefield systems. The miniaturized boradband VHF/UHF communications system antenna holds promise for law enforcement, wireless, and military applications in aircraft as well as ship and vehicular applications. |
| HVS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
309 Science Park Road State College, PA 16803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 234-3833
Mr. Richard Hollinger ARMY 00-136 |
| Title: | Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Antennas |
| Abstract: | HVS proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of a new generation of antenna, conformal to a UAVs that exploits Printed Fractal Antennas. This will be a compact and lightweight solution to the Army's requirement of wideband antennas for UAVs. This work is an extension of the research being carried out at the Center for the Engineering of Electronic & Acoustic Materials (CEEAM) at the Pennsylvania State University (PSU) on printed fractal antennas (patent pending). HVS developed the automated antenna characterization system in this regard. CEEAM/PSU is identified as a subcontractor in this proposal. HVS now proposes to improve the performance of such antennas in order to satisfy the requirements of this solicitation with respect to output power and frequency band of operation. The advantage of the fractal antenna technology is that it is very wideband, VSWRs of better than 2.5, and high gain. The size of such antennas will be reduced down to 3"x3" by using high dielectric constant substrates. A common hardware kit will be used for accommodate the antenna suite to cover the entire frequency range of 2 MHz to 40 GHz. HVS will develop and test an array of antennas for the Phase I effort and establish guidelines for their efficient production and quality control during Phase II. These fractal patch antennas have a lot of military as well as commercial applications. They can be used in collision avoidance systems for use in automobiles. They would be a valuable technology for the communication industry. They will also be useful for integration with wearable and other mobile computers and communication devices. |
| MALIBU RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
26670 Agoura Road Calabasas, CA 91302 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 880-5494
Daniel G. Gonzalez, Ph.D. ARMY 00-136 |
| Title: | Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Antennas |
| Abstract: | The problem outlined in the description section of the SBIR A00-136, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle {UAV} Antennas, points out the necessity of detecting signals for Signal Intelligence and Communications while conforming to available space and weight capacity of the UAV. The requirement applies to both fixed and rotary wing aircraft, each with its own aerodynamic limitations to carry appropriate sensor systems. Suggestions are presented for interchangeable (easy-on easy-off) B kit antennas which cover a limited band of frequencies and which may be installed for a particular intelligence gathering mission or several UAVs may be launched with each one configured to cover a different frequency band. Typically, antenna solutions for aircraft are designed as an afterthought after the airframe has been completed. While this approach will always impact the performance of larger aircraft to some extent, in the case of smaller airframe UAV's, the addition of discrete "add-on" antennas can add significant flight performance risk due to deleterious alterations to its aerodynamic properties. It is the purpose of this proposal to introduce a new approach to antenna/sensor design; namely, the utilization of the existing aircraft surfaces, wings and blades, as antenna structures. This concept is made possible through the utilization of microstrip patch elements [1], and microstrip reflectarrays [2]. The microstrip patch antenna is utilized for low frequency applications (i.e. < 5 GHz), while the microstrip reflectarray is optimum for frequencies greater than 5 GHz. The principal benefits of the proposed program are the proof of concept of simple applique type antenna systems which can be installed on a wide variety of military and commercial aircraft. This technology provides opportunities for the inclusion of advanced antenna technology on a much less invasive basis than conventional discrete antenna techniques. Such appliques may be integrated as portions of the fundamental airframe design, or they may be added to existing airframes with minimal aerodynamic performance impact. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Iain T. McKinnie ARMY 00-137 |
| Title: | Miniature Monolithic Transmitter for Laser Rangefinding |
| Abstract: | Laser rangefinders and target illuminators provide critical range and target identification information. However, they must be eyesafe, robust and meet stringent cost, mass, size, and performance requirements. Currently fielded laser rangefinders are undesirably bulky, heavy and costly, while incorporating misalignment-prone discrete laser components. Moreover, they do not easily scale to higher average powers required for illumination (active imaging). Army CECOM has addressed many of the deficiencies of current laser rangefinders through the development of a robust and compact monoblock laser-OPO transmitter. This proposal offers a transmitter that retains the ruggedness, size, and power scalability of a monoblock architecture, while extending it to: (a) lower cost, (b) increased manufacturing alignment tolerance, (c) reduced sensitivity to temperature swings and thermal loading for power-scaling, and (d) near diffraction limited beam quality via beam clean up. The extensions are achieved through innovative component technologies which are demonstrated in Phase I to ensure low Phase II risk. Phase II delivers two prototype transmitters that can be either diode laser or flashlamp pumped while maintaining compatibility with illuminator and rangefinder requirements. The program leverages CTI's expertise in developing eyesafe wavelength lasers for battlefields and severe operational environments. There is an anxious military and law-enforcement market for low cost, compact and rugged laser rangefinders. Commercial applications exist in surveying, recreation (hunting, boating, orienteering) and in medicine. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Wayne S. Pelouch ARMY 00-137 |
| Title: | Monolithic Waveguide Laser Range Finder |
| Abstract: | The goal for the next generation transmitter in laser range finders is to reduce size, cost, weight, and complexity while increasing the robustness and operational lifetime. Current laser transmitters contain numerous free-space optical components which require a skilled technician to assemble and maintain. Coherent Technologies, Inc. (CTI) proposes to develop a new miniature, monolithic Er-doped direct 1.5-micron laser that can be assembled with permanent optical alignment. The design is based on a new waveguide laser concept that has not been previously demonstrated and has significant advantages over planar waveguide and bulk laser designs. The transmitter will (1) use a high efficiency, single diode laser pump that has an operating lifetime of hundreds of billions of shots, (2) produce a significantly lower heat load than flashlamp-pumped lasers, and (3) have a high efficiency for longer battery lifetime. The transmitter is capable of 10 mJ output energy in a TEM00 beam and sub-10 ns pulse width with a final cost estimate (in quantity) of less than $1000/transmitter. CTI's proven ability to design and engineer rugged and compact laser ranging systems for demanding environments will ensure a successful overall development program. Anticipated applications include (1) Laser range finder transmitters for multiple platforms, (2) Low cost transmitters for other eye-safe laser remote sensing applications, (3) Laser sources for commercial markets such as materials processing, medical, and instrumentation. |
| JRM ENTERPRISES, INC.
1 Hemlock Court, Suite 1A Fredericksburg, VA 22407 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 785-4885
Mr. Joseph Russell Moulton, Jr. ARMY 00-138 |
| Title: | Rigorous Real-Time Image Intensifier (NVG) Simulation Design |
| Abstract: | This Phase I effort will establish rigorous technical requirements necessary to simulate image intensifiers (NVGs) credibly and realistically in US Army NVG simulators. The associated analysis and requirements definition will cover such areas as intra-scene and intensifier dynamic range and spatial resolution, photo-cathode spectral response versus scene spectral input, micro-channel plate (MCP) "haloing" phenomenology, tube MTF and noise source characterization, automatic brightness control (ABC) and bright source protection (BSP) circuit behavior, fixed depth-of-focus optics, and dual-band visible/near-IR signature synthesis. These requirements will be translated into appropriate specifications for simulation and optical projection hardware and software components in a simulator. A realizable prototype NVG simulator design that best meets these specifications will be developed around state-of-the-art commercial simulation technology components. A near-IR spectral scene signature and atmospheric degradation model design are proposed as an option in the prototype design. The simulation specifications developed in this Phase I effort around fundamental NVG physical phenomenology will set a standard for DoD NVG effects simulation and be a catalyst to improve the quality of DoD NVG simulators. More credible, robust NVG simulators will afford aviators and soldiers a much more realistic training experience that will result in improved navigation and search and target acquisition skills. A phase II development of the prototype design could easily be commercialized as an NVG trainer for law enforcement agencies that use NV devices. In addition, this SBIR will result in improved commercial sensor simulation development tools for our 3rd-party vendors. JRM anticipates releasing upgrades to our SigSim and SenSim offerings based on our Phase I findings with sales almost immediately from our current customer base. |
| SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP.
4027 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9008
Mr. Todd Grimes ARMY 00-139 |
| Title: | Image Processing Card for PC Based Simulators |
| Abstract: | The recent trend in the Department of Defense Agencies is to reduce costs associated with simulation systems, while maintaining quality. Such simulation systems as the Paint the Night simulator require the use of an expensive high-end processing system to apply sensor effects to real-time simulated sensor data. This study will focus on some of the latest technologies to determine which architecture presents the best chance of meeting the following ambitious specifications. The PC card should be able to manipulate each pixel of an over-sampled 1280 x 1024 image by means of two 10 x 10 convolutions for blurring effects and a frame add for additive noise. All operators are desired to be floating-point. A frame rate of 30 Hz is required, but a rate of 60 Hz is desired. Incoming image data will be at 3 times the output resolution to ensure that no aliasing effects are introduced into the signal. The system will be capable of overlaying symbols over the graphics as desired. The processed image should be converted into a RS-170 format (Black & White TV) for output to a monitor. Our envisioned PCI-based sensor effects card would provide the capability of high resolution, high speed, and a sensor simulation device in less expensive package then the existing configuration. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.
11400 West Olympic Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 954-2200
Raymond Durand ARMY 00-139 |
| Title: | Sensor Effects Card for PC Based Simulators |
| Abstract: | The simulation of sensor effects (image degradation by MTF and noise) is an important feature of high-end IR and NVG sensor simulation. Sensor effects simulation for these high-end systems is performed on postprocessor units or VME boards at a cost of $30K or more. The increasing use of low-cost image PC-based image generators is creating a demand for a low-cost sensor effects card that can be inserted into a PC bus and interfaced with analog or digital image generator output. We propose to design a PCI-based sensor effects board that will perform two convolutions, noise addition, and video I/O with subframe latency at real-time frame rates. The board will be programmable, with processing parameters determined by the sensor system. We discuss several processing architectures and processor technologies, including pipeline processing, DSP, FPGA, COTS ASIC, and FFT. We examine the tradeoffs of these technologies, and define the strategy for the Phase I design. Based on our 20 years of experience in sensor simulation and designing custom signal and image processing boards, we believe that a low-cost ( around $5K) board is feasible and will meet the performance requirements A low cost sensor effects card is of interest to both Government and commercial markets. A low cost sensor effects card will increase the use of image generators for sensor testing, simulation exercises and training functions. The device has commercial interest in industrial and entertainment industries. |
| BROADATA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
2545 W. 237th Street, Suite B Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-1416
Dr. Freddie Lin ARMY 00-140 |
| Title: | An Integrated Services Architecture with End-to-End Quality of Service |
| Abstract: | To develop an integrated services architecture to handle the integration of multimedia (voice, video, data) over the Army tactical network with predictable quality of service (QoS), Broadata Communications, Inc. (BCI) proposes to develop a time coupled packetized streaming (TCPS) protocol to work under the multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network architecture. The TCPS allows the time characteristics of multimedia information embedded in the data packets, thus providing guaranteed real time end-to-end multimedia data delivery services. To provide the feasibility of the proposed TCPS protocol in Phase I, the foundation of the TCPS protocol will be developed. Based on the developed TCPS protocol, a computer simulation will be created to analyze the performance of the TCPS for end-to-end real time multimedia data services. The goal of this project is to develop a practical implementation plan of the TCPS technology. In addition to the Army tactical network applications, the TCPS approach can be also used for many real time multimedia applications in commercial audio/video streaming over the Internet. |
| TRANSTECH NETWORKS USA
100 Wood Avenue South Iselin, NJ 08830 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 452-9828
Dr. Tsong-Ho Wu ARMY 00-140 |
| Title: | Optical Web QoS Switch |
| Abstract: | The goal of this proposal is to design and develop a scalable, high performance, high reliability optical web QoS switch to provide intelligent application layer QoS switching in a seamless manner across the boundary of LAN and WAN to support existing mission critical web-centric data services, voice and data integration, as well as emerging Voice-over-IP and multimedia services. The Phase I work will focus on system architecture designs and a feasibility study for the optical web QoS switch in an IP-enabled operations center to support Army's mission critical applications with pre-defined end-to-end QoS assurance. The output of the Phase I work will be a system design specification, design performance and risk analysis for the proposed optical web QoS switch. Criteria used for performance and feasibility study include complexity (costs), QoS, reliability and scalability. The system design specification will help accelerate development of a scalable optical web QoS switch that would provide dynamic bandwidth, delay, and delay variation management to support end-to-end QoS for Army's mission critical applications. With the described web-centric IP-enabled operation center solution architecture with the proposed optical web QoS switch system, Army would be able to support integrated voice and data services in a seamless manner accross the boundary of LAN and WAN with pre-defined end-to-end QoS assurance through an evolutionary process of the integrated web-centric operations infrastructure. The same IP-enabled operations infrastructure may be extended to support mobility management and location services critical to Army's telemedicine and telemaintenance applications. |
| SCALABLE SIMULATION SOLUTIONS LLC
11022 Santa Monica Blvd #260 Los Angeles, CA 90025 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 966 9947
Julian Hsu ARMY 00-141 |
| Title: | MANET-SIM: Scalable Simulator for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks |
| Abstract: | The exploding demand for computing and communication on the move has led to a significant need for ad hoc networks. However, there is relatively little understanding of the behavior of such networks, as they are scaled up, particularly for traffic with strict Quality of Service requirements. The eventual goal of this SBIR is to develop MANET-Sim, a simulator for Mobile Ad hoc NETworks, with the ability to simulate wireless networks with tens of thousands of nodes, in real time, on common desktop platforms that are likely to become available within the next three years. In Phase I, we will identify the primary bottlenecks to achieving real time simulation capability for such networks, and explore curative mechanisms including parallel execution, use of abstractions, and use of appropriate propagation layer models to facilitate accurate and fast simulation of mobile networks with tens of thousands of heterogeneous devices. We will quantitatively compare both execution times and accuracy of detailed packet level simulation models with abstract models including analytical, fluid flow, and multi-resolution models. A prototype methodology will be developed to demonstrate the feasibility of real time simulation of large scale wireless networks using selected unicast and multicast protocols to route QoS sensitive traffic. The phenomenal growth rate of the Internet is a clich‚. It is also widely accepted that the most dramatic future growth, in commercial and military contexts, will be in wireless connectivity. The demand for tools to evaluate and manage these networks is growing together with the complexity and size of the heterogeneous networks. A South China Morning Post Online, 10 Jan 2000 report predicts that deals conducted through wireless devices will generate about $14 billion a year and identifies mobile ticket sales, vending machine payments, and Internet shopping as the most promising wireless commerce areas. The Gartner Group estimates the market for software for network management & analysis to go from $3.6B in 1999 to $7.1B in 2003. The research and development activity proposed by this effort will directly lead to products in this large and growing market. |
| PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS CORP.
195 Clarksville Road Princeton Jct., NJ 08550 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 716-4000
Dr. Valery Godinez ARMY 00-142 |
| Title: | Field-Portable Infrastructure Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Inspection & Evaluation System using Ultrasound Technologies |
| Abstract: | Recently, significant attention has been paid to the country's dilapidated infrastructure; buildings, bridges, and concrete water and sewer pipes need to be retrofitted to sustain the increasing loads. A common solution is increase the capacity of these structures to carry loads by the introduction of additional tension-carrying materials as Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites. Efficient use of FRP composite to increase the strength of concrete components depends on the proper bonding between the FRP plate and the rehabilitated structure. Hence delamination defects present at the interface or within the composite, should be detected in order to maintain the structural integrity of the reinforced concrete component. However, composites are sophisticated materials with a complex structure and, anisotropic material properties, which are very difficult to inspect using conventional Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods. Thus there is great need for the development of new NDE technologies which can address these complicated inspection problem. Physical Acoustics Corporation (PAC) has developed a unique Acousto-Ultrasonic (AU) technology, which has potential as a tool for inspection of FRP composites. This Phase I study will demonstrate the feasibility of developing a field-portable, battery operated system for the inspection of fiber-reinforce polymer composites based in Acousto-Ultrasonics. It is anticipated that the results of this program will lead to the development a portable fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite inspection and evaluation system that can be used to assess infrastructure composites and other composite in other applications as discussed below. The developed system will have applications for many industries beyond the government and could be applied to a broad range of industrial and commercial applications. As for the commercial industry, there are many uses for a system to inspect FRP composites, especially in civil infrastructure. Many of these uses and applications carry over into the military application. The inspection of FRP wrapping, bridge retrofitting etc. are most certainly applicable in the military. In other areas, as the military continues the push to make lighter stronger structures, the use of composites is increasing and inspection for damage is necessary. Throughout the DoD, composite materials are used in such areas as FRP wound pressure vessels, thick hybrid armor panels, composite stealth materials, ship hulls, etc. The list is large and there are presently no reliable systems available to inspect these materials. The system we will develop can be adapted to test in these applications. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4114
Dr. Robert Kovar ARMY 00-143 |
| Title: | Robust, Low-Cost, Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials |
| Abstract: | The use of novel Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in solid form within heating and cooling systems offers the potential for reducing initial system construction costs and increasing efficiency. Current PCMs cause problems such as fouling, segregation and high slurry viscosity within the heat exchanger system. Foster-Miller proposes to extend our successful microencapsulation technology to produce robust polymer microcapsules that contain high loadings of PCM selected for a specific temperature range. The robust, microencapsulated PCMs (RMPCMs) will contain hydrophilic surfaces that exhibit low sliding friction and drag, producing RMPCM slurries with high fluidity. RMPCMs will exhibit near neutral buoyancy, high toughness to avoid fracture during long-term cycling and stability at operating temperature. Our economical microencapsulation process can be scaled-up to large quantities in conventional equipment. In Phase I, we will select one PCM with the appropriate transition temperature range and produce a series of RMPCM test samples of varying size, shell thickness and PCM loading. RMPCM slurry fluidity, stability, thermal energy transfer efficiency and resistance to fracture during repeated cycling will be demonstrated within a test system. Our team includes experts in polymers, microencapsulation, thermal energy systems and slurry flow and a heat exchanger fluid manufacturer. (P-00885) The proposed robust, microencapsulated phase change materials will enable the design and construction of simpler, more efficient, lower-cost and more compact thermal energy systems than are now available. Commercial applications include central heating and cooling systems, chilled water systems for large buildings, and secondary loop refrigeration systems. |
| NANOMATERIALS RESEARCH CORP.
2620 Trade Center Avenue Longmont, CO 80503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 702-1672
Dr. Tapesh Yadav ARMY 00-145 |
| Title: | Non-toxic Nanomaterials for Obscurant Applications |
| Abstract: | Obscurant cloud or "smoke screen" are aerosols of fine powders, flakes, or fibers that protect warfighters from weapon systems based on electromagnetic sensors. Current obscurant materials suffer from high cost, inhalation toxicity, environmental impact and non-optimal performance. A breakthrough is desired that can provide novel non-toxic materials with high extinction coefficient for electromagnetic radiations. This effort seeks to develop and demonstrate such materials using recent developments in nanotechnology. Nanomaterials have numerous dual use applications. Some illustrative applications include CMP slurries for microelectronics, coatings, additives and fillers for polymer and biomedical applications, novel catalysts, and miniaturization of electroceramic components. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Susan T. Pasco ARMY 00-145 |
| Title: | Nontoxic Biodegradable Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Signature Reduction |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop biodegradable obscurants operating over a wide wavelength range (infrared to millimeter wave) using variants of an electroactive polymer. High aspect ratio fibers of the polymer in the size range necessary to provide broad spectrum coverage will be produced through a technique called electrospinning. The degradation of the polymer will be enhanced through blending with a chemically biodegradable polymer. Calculations show that the conductivity needed to achieve the needed extinction coefficient is within the range of the polymeric blend we propose. In this proposal we demonstrate the theoretical basis by which we believe we can achieve the desired extinction cross section of 4 m2/g, illustrate the synthetic methods that will be used to produce these materials and electrospin them into the desired forms, and describe the methods that will be used to characterize the material properties in terms of the extinction requirement. The proposed nontoxic biodegradable obscurant material will provide a safe alternative to conventional aluminum obscurant materials. This novel polymeric material will be completely washed away upon exposure to a large amount of water, such as in a rainfall, thereby eliminating the chance of ingestion or inhalation by humans or animals. |
| EIKOS, INC.
2 Master Drive Franklin, MA 02038 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 528-0300
Dr. Jeffrey Conroy ARMY 00-146 |
| Title: | Stabilization of Enzymes for the Destruction of Toxic Materials and Chemical Agents |
| Abstract: | Eikos will exploit the power of microarray technology to rapidly identify and isolate a wide variety of ultra-stable organophosphorous anhydrolases (OPA's) to formulate an enzyme cocktail capable of decontaminating OP nerve and blistering agents across a spectrum of temperatures and pH's without loss of activity or denaturation. Extremozymes (enzymes isolated from extremophiles) are infinitely more active and less susceptible to denaturation in traditionally inhospitable environments such as non-neutral pH, oxidizing conditions, and high and low temperatures. Therefore, these enzymes are ideally suited for enzymatic catalysis in the field. The arduous task of isolating such enzymes has precluded their widespread use in industrial catalysis. The emergence of microarray technology has made it possible to quickly and efficiently screen an enormous number of organisms for any activity of interest. Eikos will fabricate an OPA specific microarray and screen multiple extremophilic organisms for the presence of detoxifying enzymes. Genetic information determined with the microarray will then be used to swiftly isolate each enzyme. A collection of enzymes collected in this manner will possess the catalytic ability to detoxify OP nerve and blistering agents in almost any environment. The combination of microarray technology and extraordinary extremozyme stability will revolutionize industrial enzymatic catalysis. An extremophile array will be capable of screening for not only OPAs, but also polymerases, proteases, restriction enzymes, etc. and will find utility in commercial and industrial markets. Industrial enzymes represent a $2 billion annual market. Most notable markets include detergents manufacturing with a vested interest in high temperature proteases, environmental chemistry interested in bioremediation, the pharmaceutical industry interested in novel natural product synthesis, and energy related fields interested in the natural gas production of many extremophilic bacteria. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4046
Dr. Suneet Chadha ARMY 00-147 |
| Title: | Hand-Held Chemical Threat Monitor for the Soldier System |
| Abstract: | Service infantry and reconnaissance elements have long-standing operational requirements for a field capability to rapidly assess chemical threats, monitor air quality, inspect, examine and in some cases, test systems and materials in forward deployed areas without extensive logistic support. Compact hand-held devices tailored to rapid response are needed to facilitate service infantry and reconnaissance deployment to areas of the world not normally supportable with a complicated logistics trail. Recent breakthroughs make such a device a reality. During Phase I, Foster-Miller will design and demonstrate a radically novel Chemical Threat Monitor (CTM) and assess overall feasibility and determine sensitivity limits for typical chemical agents. At the heart of the device would be a miniature mid-infrared spectrometer coupled to tiny fiber optic sensor probes that readily identify and qualitatively characterize a broad range of chemical threats and materials. The entire device including the battery power pack would be about the size of a small pocket calculator, making it readily transportable and concealable. In Phase II, Foster-Miller will optimize miniature IR probes and the high throughput spectrometer for targeted applications, including automated spectral recognition and necessary electronics for a field deployable prototype and testing at a DoD facility. (P-01207) The ability to successfully perform in-the-field sophisticated autonomous chemical threat or material analysis with a hand-held device will create major new markets for this unique analytical instrument in both military and commercial applications. Chemical process control and environmental monitoring will be major benefactors and present vast market potential. |
| MANNING APPLIED TECHNOLOGY
419 S. Main Street Troy, ID 83843 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(208) 835-5402
Dr. Christopher Manning ARMY 00-147 |
| Title: | Compact, Lightweight, Low-Cost, Permanently-Aligned Infrared Spectrometers |
| Abstract: | Military, government and civilian personnel need timely and cost- effective warning of chemical and biological hazards in many arenas. Timely warning allows for effective personnel protection. Manning Applied Technology proposes to construct a novel Fourier transform- infrared spectrometer which is modular, compact, costs less than $5000 in quantity, and is optically tilt-compensated. The proposed design has excellent immunity to both linear and torsional vibrations as well as variable resolution. The electronics incorporate a novel architecture based on a digital signal processor. The power consumption is lower than any Fourier transform spectrometer built to date. The part-per-million internal calibration standard is an inexpensive, highly efficient semiconductor. Dr. Manning is an internationally-recognized FT-IR spectrometer design expert. He holds two recent patents on novel interferometer designs; 3 more are pending. Dr. Griffiths authored the textbook on Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and has 30 years experience in the field. Commercial applications include a wide range of process and quality control, spectral imaging, environmental monitoring, laboratory research, field measurements and remote sensing applications. Conservative estimates indicate a $10 million per year market for the technology. The low cost insures that it will capture a significant market share. The novel interferometer design is expected to have numerous applications in process and control including combustion, commercial remote sensing, spectral imaging. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4800
Mr. Matthew E. Thomas ARMY 00-148 |
| Title: | Modeling and Diagnostics of Gel Propellant Mixing and Combustion |
| Abstract: | The capability to experimentally characterize the flow patterns of gel engine mixing and combustion, as well as validate numerical simulation technology that predicts detailed engine operation, is proposed. The Phase I analysis methodology will be based on 1) advanced gel rheology behavior simulation expertise; 2) existing bipropellant and pintle motor system modeling software; and 3) state-of-the-art liquid bipropellant combustion transient CFD methodology. Numerical simulations will focus on identifing trade-offs between MMH gel carbon loading versus plume signature, matching variable temperature fuel and oxidizer gel rheology to achieve consistent mixture ratios, refining current injection techniques (both vortex and pintle) for improved engine performance, and optimizing nozzle shape to maximize Cf. Existing FMTI test data will be utilized to validate gel motor flow phenomena sub-models. The Phase I modeling effort will be relied upon to select the most appropriate laser diagnostics approach for quantifying the mass concentrations and temperatures within the gel combustion and associated plume expansion processes. During the Phase I option program the methodologies developed here will be applied to ongoing FMTI development activities. In Phase II, a comprehensive laser diagnostics system will be assembled within existing AMCOM gel motor test operations. This system will be utilized to generate benchmark quality gel combustion data suitable for identifying gel combustion refinements and validating high fidelity gel propulsion numerical simulations. The developed analysis techniques, laser diagnostics, and test hardware will have immediate impact on AMCOM sponsored smart propulsion initiatives and propulsion manufacturers in the design, analysis and testing of gelled propulsion systems. Other applications include numerous industrial pneumatic actuation control systems and bipropellant throttling within the marine and space propulsion industries. CFDRC's close working relationships with propulsion system manufacturers (TRW, Atlantic Research, Aerojet, Thiokol, etc.) assures rapid technology/expertise transfer and rapid Phase III commercialization, respectively. |
| ORBITAL TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
Space Center Madison, WI 53717 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(608) 827-5000
Dr. Martin J. Chiaverini ARMY 00-148 |
| Title: | Mixing And Combustion Of Gel Propellants |
| Abstract: | ORBITEC proposes to analytically model and empirically develop the mixing and combustion of thixotropic gel propellants in the combustion chamber flow field generated by innovative vortex injection schemes. The new mode of propellant injection uses a combination of approaches. One approach was patented by the U.S. Army. The other approach, patent pending, was evolved by ORBITEC. In both methods the gels are injected circumferentially tangent to the chamber inner wall, inducing a swirling flow. Streaming the propellants on the wall provides required shear to keep the thixotropes liquefied to allow mixing and dispersion on the wall. The thin liquid film of propellants is vaporized and brought to ignition temperature by the adjacent swirling combustion. The ORBITEC method forms co-axial vortexes. The wall vortex spirals upwards, while the core vortex spirals down. One or more commercial codes will be used to model the injection and mixing of the thixotropic fluids. Propellant vaporization and combustion in the flow field will also be modeled. Customized subroutines will be used to treat geometry variations, propellant alternatives, and to link the commercial codes. In Phase II, chamber hot-fire testing will validate the model. The near term goal of this modeling work is to provide for, and optimize, the use of gelled propellants in combustion devices such as rocket engines and air breathing propulsion systems. Gels may also find use in fuels for industrial gas turbines, and in oil-fired central power stations where gels may allow coal powders to be suspended in liquid fuels to lower costs of energy production. A verified model that optimizes gel engine designs will help to minimize the cost and development times required for advanced missile propulsion systems. Systems using gelled propellants have the potential to replace solid rocket motor propulsion systems in many cases. The superior performance and control precision provided by gels greatly increase application flexibility and kill probability. Evolution of a common missile utilizing gelled propellants to replace several current single purpose systems would provide considerable cost savings to the Government. A common propulsion technology may also possibly be horizontally integrated into several existing systems, enhancing their performance and extending their service life while at the same time reducing cost. Gels are inherently more safe than liquid propellants because of reduced spill and leak potential. They also vaporize more slowly because of their inhibited ability to disperse under gravity or surface wetting into thin films. This reduces the potential to release explosive vapor clouds. Gels are also of importance because of their ability to hold solid particulate in suspension. This characteristic allows metal powders to be added to liquid fuels for greatly increased density impulse for volume limited rocket propulsion systems. NASA also has a demonstrated need for gelled propellant propulsion technology for booster and in-space engine systems where reliability, safety and low cost are paramount considerations. An interesting sidelight is that gels enhance space storability of propellants by reducing sensitivity to leakage, and by reducing slosh and migration of propellants in the tank at zero-G. |
| TALLEY DEFENSE SYSTEMS
4551 E. McKellips Road Mesa, AZ 85277 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 898-2465
Mr. Dan V. Haun ARMY 00-148 |
| Title: | Mixing and Combustion of Gel Propellants (ref. A00-148) |
| Abstract: | Experimental and modeling capabilities will be developed to characterize the mixing and combustion of gelled propellants in a bipropulsion engine. The goal is to use experimentally determined propellant and engine characteristics to accurately predict engine combustion efficiency. The predictive capability will be based on establishment of a numerical model; which simulates propellant aerosol formation, mixing and combustion. Experimental tools will be designed to measure key characteristics of the aerosol formation and mixing processes so that detailed laboratory measurements can be used to calibrate the predictive model. The goal of the effort is to establish these capabilities from "First Principals" so that the modeling capabilities will not be empirically tied to one engine or propellant technology. The proposed program will provide significant improvements in the performance of bipropuslion engines. The modeling and experiemental studies planned for this effort will provide the framework for evaluation of future propulsion systems. |
| ADVANCED OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
2702 Triana Boulevard, SW Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 536-5960
Mr. Ken S. Merwin ARMY 00-149 |
| Title: | Night Owl Universal Optics for Uncooled LWIR Applications |
| Abstract: | Advanced Optical Systems, Inc. (AOS) offers an innovative approach to the development of universal, inexpensive optics for uncooled IR applications with their Night Owl design. The requirements of small f-number optics and variable focal length to ensure uniform testing of various uncooled IR detectors are investigated. The proposed Cassegrain style optics offers a multi-spectral system in a lightweight, compact package. Coupled with innovative replication techniques, the Night Owl System offers significant cost savings and has direct application to missile seekers. The development of universal optics for use in uncooled IR applications will: Provide a means of testing and characterizing uncooled IR detectors from multiple vendors; lead to a reduction in operation and support costs in missiles and other military systems by proving uncooled detector technology; and lead to a reduction in production cost of low-cost, lightweight seeker elements for missiles. |
| INSIGHT TECHNOLOGY, INC.
3 Technology Drive Londonderry, NH 03053 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 626-4800
Mr. Vadim Plotsker ARMY 00-149 |
| Title: | Development of Universal, Inexpensive Optics for Uncooled Infrared Commercial and Military Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal to develop and demonstrate a universal optical test bed specifically for the uncooled infrared technology for use in aviation and missile platforms, missile systems, and other military and commercial uncooled applications. This proposal will explore various affordable infrared (IR) materials and their use and suitability for reflective, refractive, and hybrid lens designs. This effort will produce a state-of-the-art standardized optical design for uncooled focal planes. |
| RDAS, INC.
11003 E.Bradford Circle Cerritos, CA 90703 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
256-379-4802
Mr. Augustus H. Green, Jr. ARMY 00-150 |
| Title: | Sensor Data Fusion for Target Classification and Identification |
| Abstract: | The proposed effort addresses the problem of Non-Cooperative Target Recognition/Identification, NCTR, for airborne targets that are beyond visual range. To address the problem, The proposed research is focused on novel artificial intelligence techniques, such as fuzzy logic, neural nets, and wavelets to make NCTR techniques perform better. Although artificial intelligence techniques have been investigated for single sensors, they have not been explored extensively when there is data available from a variety of sensors. Topics to be investigated also involve the application of such techniques as Pattern Recognition, Decision Theory, and Optimization Theory. Current NCTR techniques work quite well but only under constrained battlefield conditions. The intent is to use a data fused algorithm using some of these techniques as a basis from which to begin the development of an algorithm that is much less susceptible to battlefield conditions. Artificial Intelligence techniques have had success in the control field. The approach is to build upon the application of those techniques and to adapt to the extent possible the manner in which those techniques were applied. Once the criteria and logic flow have been determined, the design of the algorithm will occur. If the proposed research is successful, it can have tremendous impact on numerous weapon systems that have a need for Non-Cooperative Target Recognition/Identification. The ability to achieve NCTR has been sorely need by all DOD services. It has the potential to give the battlefield commander better control over his resources and could reduce logistics considerably. With this technique, the battlefield commander will have a capability to determine which of his resources is the most applicable for any threat engagement scenario. This can reduce operating and support costs significantly. Not only can costs be reduced, but better weapon system performance can be realized. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. Adel El-Fallah ARMY 00-150 |
| Title: | Sensor Data Fusion for Target Classification and Identification |
| Abstract: | The effectiveness of Non-Cooperative Target Recognition (NCTR) against air targets is limited by a lack of robustness in the following respects: insufficient-fidelity signature simulation; statistically uncharacterizable signature variations; excessively large pose-model libraries; excessively large target-type libraries; misclassification of ``novel'' targets; insufficient target-identity resolvability using single sensors; and difficulties in fusing diverse sources/sensors. Many of these difficulties arise from the fact that conventional OPTIMAL techniques (e.g. Bayesian filtering and estimation) expect PERFECT models and, consequently, can behave very non-optimally if the mismatch between model and reality is too great. Consequently, optimal techniques cannot be applied as a ``cookbook'' panacea---they must be augmented by ROBUSTNESS STRATEGIES that compensate for model-mismatch and other problems. Scientific Systems Company, Inc. (SSCI) and its subcontractor Lockheed Martin of Eagan MN (LM-E) propose the application of new ROBUST DATA FUSION AND ROBUST-BAYES FILTERING techniques to NCTR problems. In our approach we (1) use generalized likelihood functions to model the uncertainties as well as the certainties in data; (2) fuse very disparate kinds of data using generalized joint likelihood functions; (3) deal with ``novel'' targets by introducing and modeling an ``unknown target'' type; (4) reduce the size of the pose-search library via fusion of kinematic data with target ID data to estimate pose; (5) ensure accurate, stable NCTR by using a true JOINT state-estimator; and (6) ensure computational efficiency and robustness by using an approximate filtering scheme with efficiency O(n) or O(nlog n) and theoretically guaranteed divergence properties. Target identification is one of the key technologies for global surveillance, precision strike, air superiority and defense which are three of the seven science and technology thrust areas identified by the Director of Defense Research and Engineering. Commercial applications of advanced tracking and identification systems exist in several areas such as: radar, biometric identification, industrial inspection, medical screening and diagnosis, failure detection and identification, and remote sensing. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
75 Aero Camino, Suite A Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Mr. Kevin J. Sullivan ARMY 00-150 |
| Title: | Sensor Data Fusion for Target Classification and Identification |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research proposes to develop a fusion module that fuses measurements collected by an arbitrary number of sensors over time to provide target recognition of airborne targets. The fusion module will consist of a Bayesian Network and a statistical database. The Bayesian Network will update beliefs about what type of target is being measured by taking into consideration a priori information regarding the types of airborne objects in an area and the capabilities of the sensors providing measurements. Additionally, the network will consider the degree to which a particular measurement matches the expected signal of each type of target of interest. The statistical database will provide information regarding the expected performance characteristics of the sensors and the degree to which a particular measurement matches expectations. One of the important advantages of our approach is that information from sensors which provide data at different levels in a target-class hierarchy can be effectively fused. For instance, data from a sensor which distinguishes a jet aircraft from a prop aircraft can be fused with data from a sensor which distinguishes an F-15 from an F-16. We propose to develop an initial version of the fusion module and provide a demonstration of its capabilities on an example problem during Phase I. The successful completion of this research will result in the development of a fusion module which can fuse measurements collected by an arbitrary number of sensors over time to robustly provide non-cooperative target recognition of airborne objects. Non-military applications of this technology include air traffic control, counter-drug operations, and medical diagnostics. |
| OPTICAL SCIENCES CORP.
P.O. Box 8291 Huntsville, AL 35808 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 772-6721
Mr. David Brett Beasley ARMY 00-151 |
| Title: | Semi-active Laser Simulator for Multi-mode Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations |
| Abstract: | This document presents Optical Sciences Corporations's proposal for the design and production of an innovative laser projection system for testing multi-mode seekers which utilize a semi-acive laser system for acquistion and terminal homing. The OSC SAL projector is designed to be compatible with existing flight motion simulator, IR projection, and MMW anechoic chamber facilities to support testing of multi-mode seekers. The SAL projector technology developed under this effort will be used in government and prime contractor HWIL facilites for the simulation and testing of advanced multi-mode missiles and smart munitions. The technology developed under this effort may also be used for production line and field testing of military weapon systems. |
| EIKOS, INC.
2 Master Drive Franklin, MA 02038 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 528-0300
Mr. Nelson Landrau ARMY 00-152 |
| Title: | Selective Application of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Protection and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Conformal Coatings Onto Circuit Card As |
| Abstract: | Eikos Inc. proposes to use a functionalized version of Nanoshield„ (polymer nanocomposites developed by Eikos Inc.) which when formulated with commercially available conformal coatings will provide EMI shielding to CCA's (circuit card assemblies). The additives in Nanoshield„ are used in such small amounts that coating properties (i.e. viscosity, transparency, etc.) and cost will not be appreciably affected. Formulating Nanoshield„ with commercially available conformal coatings means that there will be no need to develop, change, or modify existing resin systems or application devices (which can be quite costly). Another advantage of developing this additive is that it could potentially reduce shielding requirements by as much as 50% thus reducing the mass, volume, and cost of military and commercial electronic devices. These coatings may also reduce the need for additional shielding that may be required as lower voltage integrated circuits are designed into military and civilian electronic systems. The potential of formulating Nanoshield„ into commercial conformal coatings for producing materials that will provide EMI shielding to circuit card assemblies (CCA's). This method of incorporated EMI shielding to commercial conformal coatings opens the door for the production of lighter and less costly civilian and military CCA's. There is enormous interest in products intended to minimize the effects of EMI in a variety of industries, ranging from satellites to the automotive industry. Catalog vendors list hundreds of types of EMI shielding products, many could be supplanted by this technology. Most of the research and development of these products has been done domestically, and the U.S. remains the largest producer of EMI goods. Furthermore, this country is still the largest single market for ESD products. Estimates of the size of the EMI market well over $100 million. |
| CONDOR SYSTEMS, INC.
2133 Samaritan Drive San Jose, CA 95124 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 879-2226
Mr. Peter P. Fera ARMY 00-153 |
| Title: | Demonstration of Advanced Detection Techniques Against Low Probability of Intercept Avionics Waveforms |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposed Phase 1 effort is to develop and simulate a realizeable design for a receiver-signal processor that detects, finds the direction of arrival, and correctly identifies weak signals from radar altimeters. The effort extensively models and predicts the operational system's detection sensitivity, direction finding accuracy and identification accuracy against frequency modulated coninuous wave (FM/CW) signals under realistic conditions. The ultimate goal is a system detection sensitivity of less than -118 dBm, azimuth angle arrival accuracy less than 1 degree, and indentification accuracy greater than 95%. Novel signal feature detection algorithms and efficient digital signal processing implementations show significant promise for achieving these goals in operational systems. High azimuth accuracy is achieved using unique interferometric feature detection techniques for very low SNR signals in wide input bandwidths. The proposed techniques discriminate against interference, parameterize the waveforms, and identify them through their unique parameter sets. Software simulation of signals and detection processing are necessary steps in establishing confidence in these techniques for a variety of FM/CW waveforms and interference conditions. Detection of pulsed altimeter signals will also be investigated. Simulations will be compared with performance predicted by theory. Improved communications system performance by being able to detect low powered signals or weak signals at longer ranges. May apply to CDMA format communication signals such as used in cell phone systems. |
| LO RF CONSULTING, INC.
39 FRIEDA LANE WANTAGH, NY 11793 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 783-1264
Mr. LAWRENCE OLIVA ARMY 00-153 |
| Title: | Demonstration of Advanced Detection Techniques Against Low Probability of Intercept Avionics Waveforms |
| Abstract: | This program proposes to study, develop, simulate, fabricate and test a ground based receiver-signal processor system architecture capable of detecting, measuring the angle of arrival and uniquely identifying the emissions of a modern LPI radar altimeter. The basis for the program is the use of high probability of intercept receiver technology to scan wide frequency ranges in msec time periods with sensitivity, when combined with a low gain DF antenna, of at least -118 dBmi. This acquisition receiver will be integrated with digital receiver/processor technology to provide paremeter and direction measurements to identify the signal type and direction. Monitoring and control of modern cellular and satellite LPI type narrow and wide band mobile communications signals. |
| RESEARCH ASSOC. OF SYRACUSE
6780 Northern Blvd East Syracuse, NY 13057 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 463-2266
Dr. Richard Wiley ARMY 00-153 |
| Title: | Demonstration of Advanced Detection Techniques Against Low Probability of Intercept Avionics Waveforms |
| Abstract: | The proposed Advanced LPI Processor (ALPIP) will enable a single-site, stand-alone ELINT system to be built that detects, DFs and identifies cruise missiles. The system will feed hostile emitter line-of-bearing and SEI data to a multi-sensor tracker for the production of a fused air picture and for air vehicle engagement by hard-kill weapons. The ALPIP will detect the majority of fielded cruise missiles using multiple antennas and advanced processing algorithms tailored to the cruise missile problem. The Phase I design will incorporate modified COTS receiver hardware and will be tailored to fit into an existing ELINT/ESM suite, to simplify Phase II work and to reduce the time to IOC. The algorithms developed for this receiver will be applicable to ESM systems in F-22 variants, the JSF, Aerial Common Sensor and perhaps DD 21 and CVN 77. The US Army ALPIP-enabled cruise missile detection system will be useful to deployed and CONUS Army, Navy and Air Force units, in addition to coalition/allied forces in combat theaters worldwide. |
| SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH
15261 Connector Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 903-1000
Mr. Mike Marino ARMY 00-153 |
| Title: | Demonstration of Advanced Detection Techniques Against Low Probability of Intercept Avionics Waveforms |
| Abstract: | SARA proposes to develop an innovative, real-time system comprised of a front-end RF receiver and a back-end digital signal processor. The receiver will measure the avionics' emissions and the DSP will apply the required algorithms to classify the airborne platform and determine its angle of arrival. The system will operate in real-time, thereby rapidly computing the results and giving the capability of tracking multiple targets with dynamic flight profiles. Emitter identification will be accomplished using coherence for non-parametric analysis and the Steiglitz-McBride method for parametric analysis. Azimuth angle determination will be accomplished using superresolution beamforming. Superresolution dramatically reduces system cost and complexity compared to standard beamforming techniques. Doppler effects will be compensated and the system will provide the additional information of the platform's velocity and range. Multiple, simultaneous targets will be separated and distinguished using both frequency space and beam space separation techniques. A full simulation environment of the system will be developed, including all algorithms, Doppler effects, target velocity, and range estimates. The simulation will allow for testing of the system and evaluating performance with multiple emitters and independent flight profiles for each platform. This program will provide a "passive cruise missile detection" capability for the Army, Navy and Air Force. Several deployment concepts are envisioned which will extend the protection envelope afforded by previous detection systems. |
| SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING CORP.
101 West Sixth Street Austin, TX 78701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Mr. Joe Priest, P.E. ARMY 00-154 |
| Title: | Development of a Missile Data Acquisition and Recorder Module |
| Abstract: | A small, data acquisition and recorder system is needed to acquire and store missile and submunition acceleration data in non-volatile memory. The device should be autonomous, withstand the harsh environments of a missile launch, and permit data download efficiently after ground impact. Additionally, the data acquisition and recorder system should contain a flexible sensor interface to accommodate the different gain, offset, and filtering requirements of accelerometers and other sensors if desired. Such a system could be used to characterize missile and submunition shock and pyrotechnic shock environments during flight tests and be stored in a database for reference in future design and redesign activities. Such data would eliminate the trial and error associated with designing to an assumed pyrotechnic shock load and thus decrease the cost associated with those activities. Additionally, such a device could be used in a variety of applications requiring autonomous acquisition and storage of sensor data in high-g, short duration events. The MDARM will provide technology immediately applicable to programs requiring non-volatile data acquisition and recording of event data. SPEC will continue to exploit the automotive market place for use of such devices in automotive crash safety testing, crash adaptive air bag deployment, and monitoring of critical bio dynamic parameters during automotive testing and racing. Additionally, this technology could be used to monitor athletes during sporting events and office workers during their normal activities to decrease injuries and fatigue. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4270
Dr. Daniela Marciu Topasna ARMY 00-155 |
| Title: | RF Transparent, Tailored Reflectivity Coatings |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will develop novel RF transparent but Visible- and IR-reflective coatings for large aperture windows. This will be accomplished by incorporating specific nanoparticles in thin films that can be deposited on any type of window substrate, including transparent plastic sheets such as polystyrene. The ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) technique of fabricating these films allows for precise molecular level control over the assembly of a thin film with exceptional homogeneity and ease of processing. ISAM nonlinear optical films offer additional major advantages of low scattering loss, high thermal and chemical stability, simplicity and low-cost. Luna Innovations and its university collaborators have shown that revolutionary ISAM methods of creating multifunctional thin-films monolayer by monolayer can be used to yield a wide variety of self-assembled, electronically and photonically-active polymeric thin films, including light emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, second order nonlinear optical films, to mention a few of the applications for the ISAM thin films. Besides the military applications of the ISAM RF transparent IR/Vis Reflective coatings, other fields, such as automotive industry, will benefit from these results. The new transparent sheets can reduce the heating in buildings and automobiles due to infrared absorption, thus reducing their cooling costs. |
| ELTRON RESEARCH, INC.
4600 Nautilus Court South Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-0263
Dr. James H. White ARMY 00-156 |
| Title: | Catalysts for Low Temperature Decomposition of CINCH Fuels |
| Abstract: | This proposed Phase I addresses the development and testing of catalysts for the low temperature decomposition of competitive impulse noncarcinogenic hypergolic (CINCH) fuels developed by the Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) for use in a liquid-gas generator. The catalysts will consist of solid solutions of metal oxides supporting precious metals. The supports will be prepared by coprecipitation techniques and the metals applied by standard decomposition techniques. It is anticipated that these catalysts will readily decompose liquid CINCH fuels forming expanded gases which will be delivered by a liquid gas generator. Phase I will consist of the coarse screening of 18 - 24 catalysts representing a spectrum of compositions from a general composition anticipated to possess a refractory nature in addition to decomposition activity. Identification of preferred variants will be followed by their optimization. A gas generator will designed for use with CINCH fuels and the preferred catalyst(s). Use in high specific impulse systems or long life thrusters is anticipated. These catalysts are expected to possess high activity not only for these reactions, but also for catalytic combustion. Catalysts to result from completion of this program will find application for decomposition of liquid fuels as well as for ignition of monopropellant mixtures in rockets. Other potential applications include ammonia cracking and the catalytic combustion of effluents originating from incinerators and combustion sources. Use of the catalysts for combustion of propellants in gas turbines and other power generators is another promising application. These materials will also be of potential utility for the removal of VOCs and nitrogen oxides from gaseous effluent streams. The materials would be of interest to the military as well as aerospace and waste disposal industries. |
| MACH I, INC.
340 East Church Road King of Prussia, PA 19406 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(610) 279-2340
Dr. John Leonard ARMY 00-156 |
| Title: | Low Temperature Nanoscale Catalyst for Reduced Toxicity Monopropellant |
| Abstract: | Toxic hydrazines with iridium catalysts are currently used in monpropellant and gas generator applications. NASA estimated handling carcenogenic hydrazines adds $500,000 cost to each space shuttle mission. The Aviation and Missile Command developed CINCH (Competitive Impulse Non-Carcinogenic Hypergol) fuel as a reduced toxicity alternative. Unfortunately, the iridium catalyst requires high (300-400 degree F) temperatures. There is a need for a new catalyst that decomposes CINCH fuel at temperatures as low as - 40 degrees F and a gas generator using this catalyst and fuel. MACH I is proposing a program to develop this catalyst and generator. In Phase I, the catalytic activity of other materials will be compared to iridium. We have already shown palladium to be more active. The most promising materials would then be synthesized using MACH I's nanoscale synthesis technologies. As the size of the active particle is reduced, activity will increase. Supports would be evaluated to enhance the activity of these nano catalytic materials. A prototype generator design would be developed. In a Phase I Option, the decomposition products would be identified, catalyst and generator design would be optimized. In Phase II, the catalyst would be commercially produced and several generator devices built and evaluated to AMCOM's specifications. There are obvious cost and environmental benefits to the military and aerospace industries from using the CINCH fuel and the proposed catalysts and gas generators to replace carcinogenic hydrazine and methyl hydrazine systems. Palladium and other noble metal catalysts are used in many applications in the chemical industry both to synthesize chemicals and remove impurities. The more active nanoscale materials developed in this program could offer cost and performance benefits to these applications. |
| METSS CORP.
720-G Lakeview Plaza Blvd. Columbus, OH 43085 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 842-6600
Dr. Richard S. Sapienza ARMY 00-156 |
| Title: | Low Temperature Catalyst for Reduced Toxicity Monopropellant |
| Abstract: | The Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) has developed a series of low toxicity, tertiary amine azides - called CINCH (Competitive Impulse Non-Carcinogenic Hypergol) fuel - that are suitable replacements for hydrazines as hypergolic fuels and liquid gas generator fuels. The catalyst used for the state-of-the-art monopropellant hydrazine facilitates hydrazine decomposition at -40§F. This same catalyst requires excessively high temperatures (300-400§F) to decompose the CINCH fuel, resulting in unnecessary operational costs. It would be desirable to have a catalyst that is specific to the CINCH fuel that would cause it to decompose at -40§F. METSS proposes to conduct a catalytic material study based upon the properties of the amine azides and demonstrate that effective catalysts can be synthesized that will decompose CINCH at -40§F. Specifically, the work performed under the proposed program will emphasize the inorganic salt nature of amine azides and recent developments in nitrogen fixation chemistry to accomplish this task. Based on our expertise in this area, METSS believes that the proposed efforts will result in a high activity, low cost catalyst that will decompose the CINCH fuel in a manner consistent with the current hydrazine-catalyst system. This project will demonstrate a complete and cost effective replacement technology. With the appropriate catalyst, the CINCH fuel could be used domestically in satellites for thrust vector control and in reaction control systems to replace hydrazine thrusters. This chemistry could also lead to the development of an azide-sensitive coatings which could be used for fiber optics or other sensors for in military and commercial applications (e.g., automotive air-bags). Commercially available processing equipment and the existing commercial market make the transition of this methodology into the commercial environment technically and financially feasible. |
| TDA RESEARCH, INC.
12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 940-2325
Dr. Steven Gebhard ARMY 00-156 |
| Title: | Low Temperature Catalyst for Reduced Toxicity Monopropellant |
| Abstract: | Tactical missiles that use gel propellant systems require a chemical gas generator for pressurization. While hydrazine is a proven monopropellant for gas generation, it is poisonous, a cancer suspect agent, and has a high vapor pressure. As a result, full body protection and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) are required during hydrazine loading procedures, non-essential personnel must leave the area, and hazardous material spill control teams have to be readily available. The result is increased hazard expense and difficulty associated with the extensive safety procedures. New reduced-toxicity, non carcinogenic monopropellants are being developed by the Army for use in gas generators for tactical missile applications. Unfortunately, these new monopropellants will not ignite at the same low temperatures as hydrazine over existing catalysts. TDA Research Inc. (TDA), proposes to develop a catalyst that can ignite the new monopropellant at -40øF. We will us our computer controlled, high-throughput, catalyst test apparatus to screen more than 100 promising low temperature catalytic formulations. A preliminary design of a gas generator that uses the new monopropellant and our catalyst will be designed by our commercialization partner. TDA's catalysts will enable the use of the new, reduced-toxicity, non-hydrazine monopropellants for both gas generation and for monopropellant thrusters. Gas generation is used with missiles, spacecraft, and aircraft for pressurization and auxiliary power. Monopropellant thrusters are used on telecommunications and military satellites. In the case of thrusters, it has been estimated that every 1% increase in thruster efficiency made possible by the new generation of monopropellants increases total revenue by $1,000,000 per year per satellite (700+ satellites will be launched over the next decade). For gas generation, the ability to reduce the exposure of personnel to hydrazine provides a strong incentive to incorporate our catalytic technology. |
| ULTRAMET
12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 899-0236
Dr. Arthur J. Fortini ARMY 00-156 |
| Title: | Advanced Monopropellant Catalysts |
| Abstract: | The use of reduced-toxicity monopropellants such as dimethylaminoethyl azide (CINCH) or those based on energetic liquid salts such as hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) promises a number of improvements over conventional hydrazine propellant. Chief among these is improved safety, which will significantly decrease overall use costs. However, both types of reduced-toxicity monopropellants are difficult to ignite. While this is an asset with respect to safety, it is a liability with respect to design. In this project, Ultramet will use its extensive experience with catalysts, catalyst supports, and catalytic ignition to develop a low temperature, long-life catalyst for the decomposition of CINCH fuel. This novel catalytic ignition system will be based on the advanced monolithic catalyst (AMCAT) beds previously developed by Ultramet for HAN-, hydrazine-, oxygen/ethanol, and oxygen/hydrogen-fueled rocket engines. The proposed technology will make the use of advanced, environmentally friendly monopropellants a reality. This will not only eliminate the use of toxic propellants such as hydrazine in spacecraft, but it will also allow for the use of reduced-toxicity propellants in gas generators on military aircraft and fuel pressurization systems for tactical missiles. |
| AEGIS TECHOLOGIES GROUP, INC.
6703 Odyssey Drive, Suite 200 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 922-0802
Dr. Michael C. Cornell ARMY 00-157 |
| Title: | Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) Simulation Techniques for Multi-mode Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations |
| Abstract: | The capability to optically project virtual LADAR scenes would maximize the effectiveness of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) simulation in the design, development, and testing of LADAR seekers. The goal of this research is to develop a LADAR scene projector to meet the demands of closed-loop weapon testing in a Multi-mode HWIL simulation environment. During the Phase I effort, a preliminary design of the LADAR scene projector will be produced, which can realistically simulate the optical return signals of a LADAR seeker and whose operation is compatible with a flight motion simulator. Presented in this document is the technical approach that will be undertaken. This discussion includes the various tasks to be conducted along with the technologies to be considered to meet the stated goal. The results of the Phase I research will lead directly to the development of a LADAR scene projection system during the Phase II. The conceptual design resulting from this effort will be the basis for the development of a LADAR Scene Projector, which would enhance the use of Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation in the design, development, and testing of LADAR seekers |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Charles Garvin ARMY 00-157 |
| Title: | Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) Simulation Techniques for Multi-mode Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations |
| Abstract: | Passive systems such as forward looking infrared imagers, infrared search & track arrays, missile seekers and missile warning systems require calibration and testing at every level in their fabrication as well as at the depot and the flight line. Hardware-in-the-loop simulators exist for passive IR sensors and seekers, but no such technology exists yet for the validation of active coherent receivers. Common-aperture multi-mode sensors and seekers using combinations of mmW & ŸYW radar, passive IR, and LADAR/active IR and data fusion require in-situ (possibly simultaneous) testing and calibration of multiple modes of sensing in specialized testing facilities such as environmental rooms or anechoic chambers. Simultaneous acquisition of numerous ladar signatures (polarimetric reflectivity, multi-spectral reflectivity, 1D & 3D shape echo, and micro-Doppler signatures) enables their combination to enhance the ability of an active seeker to counteract the effects of camouflage, concealment & deception and clutter that can defeat the separate use of passive, RF and mm-wave seekers. This Phase I Program will design and development a hardware-in-the-loop scene projector for active seeker characterization. The novel coherent ladar scene projector design will be compact, portable, and easy-to-use in the depot or on the flight line. Potential applications include manufacturing/production reliability testing and performance validation for critical hardware and software seeker components for advanced missile systems and multi-mode weapons systems. In addition, the scene generators developed under this program could be used in simulators for autonomous navigation devices. Other applications of the technology includes test-beds for automobile and aircraft collision-avoidance systems. |
| DE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3620 Horizon Drive King of Prussia, PA 19406 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(610) 270-9700
Mr. Richard Foedinger ARMY 00-159 |
| Title: | Composite Aeroshells with Integral Heat Shield Designs |
| Abstract: | The Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program proposed herein by DE Technologies, Inc. (DET) will identify and evaluate candidate material systems and manufacturing approaches for integral heatshield/airframe designs. Material and process trade studies will be performed to identify the most economical and technically feasible materials, geometries and process parameters. An integrated design for manufacturing methodology will be employed to develop an integral winding/braiding fabrication method. Parametric thermo-mechanical analyses will be conducted to evaluate candidate material systems and fiber reinforcement architectures. Fabrication of prototype heatshield/airframe components and thermostructural characterization testing will be performed as part of the Phase II development program. In addition to the primary application for tactical missile structures, the proposed manufacturing technology would also have application to future high acceleration launch vehicles and high-speed civil transport vehicles. The low-cost performing and co-curing processes to be developed would also lead to lightweight, integrated structures for numerous applications including automotive structures, civil infrastructure, biomedical products and sporting goods, for example. |
| VALIGEN, US, INC.
300 Pheasant Run Newtown, PA 18940 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 504-4444
Dr. Bryan A. Roecklein ARMY 00-160 |
| Title: | Novel Gene Repair Technology to Generate Serum Carboxylesterase Deficient Mice |
| Abstract: | We propose to use a novel gene repair technology (chimeraplasty) to generate serum carboxylesterase (CaE) deficient mice. Serum CaE acts as an endogenous anti-organophosphate (OPs) bioscavenger that provides mice with inherent protection against OPs. Unlike mice, humans and non-human primates lack serum CaE and are much more susceptible to OP toxicity. The inherent resistance of rodents limits their use as a model system for development of prophylactics that detoxify organophosphate based agents. A transgenic mouse that lacks serum CaE would provide an inexpensive alternative to non-human primates. Creation of serum CaE deficient mice is proposed by treating embryonic stem cells with chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides (Chimeraplasts) directed at disrupting the Es-1 gene that encodes CaE in mice. RNA/DNA oligonucleotides have been used (Chimeraplasty) both in vitro and in vivo to correct, mutate, and disrupt genes in systems as diverse as bacterial cells and rodents. Chimeraplasty uses endogenous DNA repair mechanisms and does not introduce foreign DNA or potentially deleterious reporter genes. Once the animals are established they will function as models for the testing of antidotes and establishing the in vivo safety and efficacy of a number of bioscavenger molecules and to develop prophylactics to eliminate OP toxicity. The availability of a small rodent model will increase the rate of development of antidotes designed to eliminate the toxicity of organophosphate nerve agent exposure. This model will provide a high throughput system for establishing the safety and efficacy of a number of different prophylactics. At the present time only expensive primates serve as a reasonable animal model for human toxicity and development of prophylactics against OP based nerve agents. This inexpensive rodent model will dramatically decrease the costs associated with this much needed development. This model will also be of commercial interest to the pesticide business community to help identify means for detoxification of organophosphorus based pesticide exposure. Of the 25,000 brands of pesticides available in the U.S., most are either organophosphate or carbamate compounds. These compounds are responsible for 80% of the pesticide poisoning in the U.S. The pesticide industry is a $30 billion dollar industry that has been stagnant due to several issues, which include the contemporary awareness to environmental issues. This model system will help to develop less toxic compounds, which will spurn market growth, especially appealing to the residential consumer. |
| MISSION MEDICAL, INC.
5670 Stewart Avenue Fremont, CA 94538 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 623-3777
Dr. Thomas C. Robinson ARMY 00-161 |
| Title: | Dry System for Thawing Frozen Blood |
| Abstract: | The long-term objectives of this research are to substantially improve the military frozen blood system with a number of specific devices and advances. A Dry Heat system is developed to permit very rapid thawing (under 10 minutes) instead of the 40 to 60 minutes now necessary using an inconvenient, large water bath. This heating system is also used to warm IV fluids in surgery. Rapid thawing is crucial to meeting the military needs for thawed deglycerolized blood in emergencies. A new blood bag with its protective shipping container is developed that will have less than 3% breakage, compared to current 20% to 50% breakage in military use. The current deglycerolization process is modified to decrease the duration of the process (to under 20 minutes) and to reduce processing fluid quantities. The proposed research will evaluate the feasibility of these various approaches by fabricating and testing hardware and disposables and modifying current red cell washing processes. Military frozen blood users and blood experts will aid in this evaluation. These improvements to the military frozen blood system will decrease substantially (at least a factor of 2) the time needed to make red cells available in emergencies. It also reduces blood wastage, increases ease of use, increases user productivity, decreases costs, and improves logistics, making frozen blood far more practical for military and commercial uses. |
| IOWA THIN FILM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2337 230th St Boone, IA 50036 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(515) 292-7606
Dr. Frank Jeffrey ARMY 00-162 |
| Title: | Flexible Photovoltaics for Fabric Structures |
| Abstract: | Demand for electrical power in portable and temporary installations continues to increase, which adds significant logistical burden in terms of weight, maintenance, and fuel demand. Power demands include command & control operations, medical operations, lighting, chemical/biological filtering, and communications. Iowa Thin Film Technologies (ITFT) manufactures a unique, flexible, thin film photovoltaic material on plastic which could be incorporated into the skins of military tentage to significantly reduce this logistical burden. ITFT's technology is a monolithically integrated module on plastic film manufactured using a roll-to-roll process. These factors combine to give extreme flexibility, light weight, and durability while maintaining a low manufacturing cost. This proposal addresses the R&D work needed to develop the technology for integrating the photovoltaic into tent skins without seriously compromising current tentage characteristics. In this phase we propose to identify candidate materials and process steps for incorporating our flexible thin film PV modules into tent panels and to demonstrate feasibility by fabricating samples of the top candidates and evaluating these samples for their mechanical properties and processing scalability. This project is expected to result in production of tentage with integrated photovoltaics to supply power for lighting and operations. This technology for incorporating photovoltaics with fabrics could be extended into garments, packs, or lightweight, compact fold-up arrays for powering communications or other personnel carried electronics. Extension of this technology to non-military applications include emergency shelters for disaster relief and portable power for cellular phones and laptop computers. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4368
Dr. Peter Warren ARMY 00-163 |
| Title: | Self-Deploying Tentage Utilizing Integral Folding Hinge |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Army has multiple needs for mobile structures for temporary deployment of forces. This need has become more critical as regional conflicts are now of primary concern to rapid Army deployment. Personnel must often be housed, in substantial numbers, in adverse areas, for long periods covering both conflicts and extended policing actions. Further, the risk of exposure to chemical and biological agents in these types of conflicts is greatly increased. Foster-Miller proposes to develop a low cost, lightweight, self deploying tent frame structure using its integral folding hinge (IFH) technology. The frame will be constructed from pultruded fiberglass tubulars with locally formed hinges to enable packaging and deployment actuation. The initial development is proposed to replace the TEMPER tent frame, thus providing a very near-term opportunity for integration. The technology is ideally suited to meet multiple configurations and the higher loading requirements of Chemical Biological (CB) protection fabrics and systems. Within the Phase I base program, this design will be finalized, materials and configurations tested and a full-scale kinematic model built. This hardware-based program and the substantial leveraging of ongoing Foster-Miller work, will enable fabrication and testing of a complete deployable tent system in Phase II. (P-00891) The Foster-Miller deployable frame technology will immediately provide a rapidly erectable TEMPER tent system. This framing system can be easily adapted to a wide array of shelter configurations. Beyond shelters, Foster-Miller is pursuing multiple business opportunities ranging from deployable spacecraft structures to commercial staging and fencing products. |
| VIRGINIA MILLIMETER WAVE, INC.
14225 Sullyfield Circle, Suite Chantilly, VA 20151 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 961-9570
Dr. Philip J. Koh ARMY 00-164 |
| Title: | 95GHz MMIC Amplifier |
| Abstract: | The overall goal of this work is to develop a product line of inexpensive, highly integrated mm-wave amplifiers extending well into W-band and beyond. These will deliver output power considerably higher than what is currently available. A PHEMT MMIC based approach will be pursued. broadband wireless communications, commercial radar systems |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Subrata K. Das ARMY 00-165 |
| Title: | Warehouse Infrastructure for Simulating the Environment (WISE) |
| Abstract: | The Army's current and future needs in complex modeling and simulation (M&S) efforts require increasing access to critical environmental information stored in a disparate and distributed set of databases across organizations. These distributed data sources are problematic in terms of flexible access, visualization, and customization of the data required for high-fidelity interoperable simulation systems. To address these issues, we propose to design and demonstrate feasibility of a Warehouse Infrastructure for Simulating the Environment (WISE), which creates and manages an integrated repository from heterogeneous environmental data sources. The motivation behind the proposed warehouse is to provide simulation engineers a uniform logical abstraction or model of the universally available data, leveraging on the Synthetic Environment Data Representation and Interchange Specification (SEDRIS) for object-oriented data modeling and interchange. M&S developers will be able to create their own views of the heterogeneous and distributed data and be relieved from the tedious manual search and data extraction process of currently existing database systems. We believe that our proposed warehouse infrastructure WISE will provide an extensive, efficient, and relevant environmental data support functions that will facilitate efficient M&S development, and thereby contribute to the rapid generation of synthetic battlespaces for future training and mission rehearsal needs. As much as 90% of the world's data is currently residing outside relational database systems. It is also estimated that 80% of corporate legacy data is held on old hierarchical or network types of DBMS. Thus the need for an appropriate data warehouse technology is vital to integrate these data sources into the emerging object-oriented standard. The Meta Group, a technology consulting firm in Westport, Connecticut, recently found that 95% of 250 information technology professionals it surveyed said that their organizations have created or plan to create a data warehouse. Our proposed architecture will serve such a huge object-oriented data warehouse market. |
| ACUSOFT, INC.
12249 Science Dr. Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 658-9888
Mr. Jesse Liu ARMY 00-166 |
| Title: | Advanced Technology for Real-Time Image Generation |
| Abstract: | In this SBIR, AcuSoft will research and develop advanced, real-time PC Image Generation technology, as well as develop tools and integrate the required capabilities using PC image generators. The resultant products will provide to the DOD M&S community the advanced real-time image generation technology that will enable the use of lower-cost PC graphics in military virtual simulation. In our PHASE I efforts, we will research and document feasible technical solutions for those challenges that we think are paramount to the military R&D community, and will perform a proof-of -principle demonstration. The prototype PC-based image generation system will incorporate AcuSoft-developed PC Image Generation software and will result in a cost effective, multiple channel, PC-based image generation system. In addition, AcuSoft will identify the most feasible development approaches for the Phase II effort. The DoD M&S community will benefit from advanced real-time image generation technology that enable the use of lower cost PC graphics as the real time image generation for military virtual simulation. The application of this technology can include any Government or commercial applications that requires real-time image generator. |
| COMPUTER GRAPHICS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
2483 Old Middlefield Way #140 Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 903-4922
Mr. Roy Latham ARMY 00-166 |
| Title: | Advanced Technology for Real-Time Image Generation |
| Abstract: | Currently, real-time visual simulation on low cost personal computer platforms is limited by commercially available hardware and software that omits key features needed for simulation. Adding just a few features can greatly increase costs by requiring a substantially more expensive platform. The proposed research critically examines the current deficiencies and proposes solutions for the PC platform that can be added incrementally. In Phase I, innovative solutions to load management and synchronization problems are to be demonstrated, and a survey and analysis of other PC simulation problems is to be conducted. A preliminary analysis reveals a number of areas, including mission functions, scene management, and sensor simulation, where modular solutions can be developed for the PC platform. The goal is to lower the cost of high quality simulation by curing a variety of shortcomings in present technology. This will permit more simulation to be performed on low cost platforms, and with high fidelity than presently possible. Aside from military training, there is a rapidly growing market for PC simulation for commercial driver training, industrial training, and interactive entertainment systems. The developed technology will be commercialized for the general markets. |
| DIAMOND VISIONICS LLC
400 Plaza Drive, Suite-A Vestal, NY 13851 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 729-8526
Mr. Graham Upton ARMY 00-166 |
| Title: | Advanced Technology for Real-Time Image Generation |
| Abstract: | During the last several years advances in PC and Graphics computational power has been nothing short of phenomenal. Diamond Visionics LLC has been developing software and hardware products to take advantage of the technology advances. In this Phase I proposal DVC has described features and tools that are essential for military visual simulation that can be leveraged from the entertainment industry. The study proposal includes a thorough market survey that will make recommendations based on current and future needs and emerging technology. Features proposed include rigorous scene management to ensure deterministic image update rates, screen fill optimization in dynamic synthetic environments and a video processor that provides essential video control techniques. The Phase I option will provide an advanced technology demonstration incorporating all the features and approaches described in this proposal. This proof of principal demonstration will provide multi-channel real-time simulation illustrating these features and emulation of hardware video control techniques. For Phase II DVC will implement and integrate the approaches from Phase I with the objective of providing a well proven product with capabilities for a complex military simulation application in the military training arena. The primary benefit will be a lower cost per channel image generation product with features not currently available in today's "off the shelf" market. Each of the features proposed will enhance the PC-Based Image Generator both for military and commercial applications. The commercial applications include airline training visual systems and heavy equipment training that previously required "high end" visual computers and large maintenance contracts. |
| OPNET TECHNOLOGIES
3400 International Drive NW Washington, DC 20008 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 364-4700
Ms. Annukka Piironen ARMY 00-167 |
| Title: | Analysis and Design Tools for Live Instrumentation Infrastructures and Processes |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal focuses on the development of an integrated, high speed data network model to simulate targeted Army locations, such as the Aberdeen Test Center or White Sands Missile Range. The project will utilize the standard commercial modeling and simulation technology, OPNET Modeler, which is compliant with Government architecture requirements and Open System Interconnection (OSI) standards including Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). OPNET's proposed solution includes the development of a network model scenario to assess bandwidth utilization, bottlenecks in the current environment and the impact of deploying network technologies by a simulation expert. Ultimately, project results will support simulation based acquisition of future range systems. OPNET is used extensively in military, academic and commercial sectors. In addition to our free academic license program and widespread commercial use, military users include both the Joint Staff (J6) and US Army. Enhancements to the model library benefit the entire user community. Beyond Phase I, model development focused on the Aberdeen Test Center or White Sands Missile Range will provide extensive enhancements to the available Model Library. |
| MITECH, INC.
8484 Georgia Avenue Silver Spring, MD 20910 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(970) 282-8642
Dr. Klaus Schug ARMY 00-169 |
| Title: | Next Generation Distributed Simulation Technology -- Capability to Scale Up Networking of Simulations |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to develop and provide a proof of principal demonstration of a distributed simulation technology capable of supporting a real-time 100,000 entity simulation between constructive (e.g., wargaming) or virtual (e.g., man-in-the-loop) and live operational systems in the field. MiTech Inc. proposes to apply our Interoperable Network Communications Architecture (INCAPatPend), to the HLA RTI to improve the internal machine simulation application level throughput of network communicated data of simulator host computers by a minimum of 250%. Test results of a software implementation of INCA on actual systems and networks show almost two orders of magnitude increase in application level throughput of network data without sacrificing the significant investment in present and near term technologies. MiTech believes that the application of the tested and implemented INCA architecture and software library to existing DIS, HLA/RTI, etc., simulators, is the new approach that will support increased amounts of network traffic and reduce real time response times to enable brigade and above size simulation exercises. The resulting RTI software product should be interoperable with all existing programs, computers and networks, require virtually no changes to existing systems and be installed in minutes to hours. The anticipated result of a high performance, interoperable, portable software only distributed simulation interface product will be very attractive to current and future MiTech customers, particularly to DoD and FAA program offices. The approach of applying the INCA architecture to network communications for all types of network communications and distributed systems could lead to numerous products and commercial endeavors. If added to applications as opposed to host computers, the architecture can be used to offer high performance versions of existing and future network communicating applications such as Internet World Wide Web (WWW) browsers. If added to existing and future computer systems via linking to or integration with existing and future Operating Systems, all applications on these systems would see a tremendous performance improvement. Server class machines, network routers and network gateways could all make use of the technology for performance improvements. As a result, not only the multi-billion dollar simulation industry but also almost every other telecommunications and information management system and application is a potential market for commercialization of the product. |
| SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP.
4027 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9008
Dr. V. ("Nagu") Nagarajan ARMY 00-169 |
| Title: | Novel Architecture for Next Generation DIS Technology |
| Abstract: | Systran Federal Corp. (SFC), the spun-off sister-company of Systran Corporation, which is a Products Development Company specializing in real-time networking (i.e., SCRAMNetƒ), proposes a novel architecture for Next Generation Distributed Simulation Technology. This innovation is based on providing "Native Stream ATM Communication" to High Level Architecture (HLA) Run Time Infrastructure (RTI) objects. Such native ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) protocol communication capability to HLA/RTI objects will be easily provided since SFC has developed "state-of-the-art" ATM network interface cards and the required driver software (i.e., SFC has the source code) on an Army funded SBIR (Contract DAA B07-98-C-B305), which is scheduled to be completed by the end of September 2000. This innovation is also based on the "novel" idea of connecting HLA/RTI objects with multiple networks simultaneously so that communicating objects can pick and choose the most suitable network for the data to be communicated. Parallel simultaneous multiple network connectivity between HLA/RTI objects will be provided to ATM networks through "Native ATM" protocol, to shared-memory network SCRAMNet, and to IP networks through SFC-developed "high-performance" CORBA middleware (ORB_IT). "Native ATM protocol" connectivity will be provided either directly between HLA/RTI objects at the application level, or through ORB_IT with ability to manage QoS. The proposed novel architecture would permit HLA/RTI objects to interact and exchange information with minimal latency using multiple networks simultaneously. The objects would be able to exchange voice and video iso-chronously and in real-time. The objects would be able to select the most appropriate network to exchange data and meet QoS criteria, such as, latency, bandwidth utilization, etc. |
| REALTIME TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
100 N. Crooks Rd. Clawson, MI 48017 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(248) 705-0705
Dr. Richard Romano ARMY 00-170 |
| Title: | User Interaction Tools Supporting Collaborative Applications in Immersive Virtual Environments |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of a hierarchical component based motion driving simulator inside of TACOM's CAVE environment. Realtime Technologies, Inc. real-time vehicle dynamics software will be integrated with a small commercial motion base and TACOM's CAVE visual display system and audio components to create a complete driving simulator. Introducing a motion base into a CAVE environment presents several technical challenges which has not been addressed previously. These include 1) head tracking with the motion base operational 2) latency issues in the visual display due to high rate head motion generated by the motion base 3) motion washout issues with a fixed screen display. The use of Realtime Technologies SimCreator product for development and integration will speed the integration process and maximize real-time performance. Easy to develop, accurate, real-time, simulation systems can increase the world-wide competitiveness of US automotive and aerospace companies. CAVE style visualization environments are used extensively for vehicle design. Extending these systems to support full vehicle simulation with motion will enhance their effectiveness. The integrated vehicle simulator can be marketed for both military and commercial research customers. Since the simulator can be rapidly reconfigured using SimCreator to address a variety of research questions the potential market is very broad. In addition the individual cueing systems such as the control loading and motion systems can be marketed for use is a wide range of commercial simulators. The motion base's small size lends itself to use with systems such as the CAVE. |
| SYTRONICS, INC.
4433 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 431-6128
Mr. Timothy Barry ARMY 00-170 |
| Title: | User Interaction Tools Supporting Collaborative Applications in Immersive Virtual Environments |
| Abstract: | SYTRONICS proposes an innovative dual-mode speech recognition technique, combining both command/control and dictation modes for easy navigation of menus and environments, enabling natural interactions, and capturing auxiliary data in the collaborative session within the CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) virtual environment. The Phase I work will show the feasibility of using two speech recognition engines together on one PC and seamlessly switching between command/control and dictation modes, and show the feasibility of processing speech on a separate PC platform linked to the UNIX-based CAVE systems. The experimental Dual-mode, Advanced Speech Harness (DASH) system will be installed in the CAVE in Phase I, making it immediately available for experimental speech work. The Phase I Objectives will be to define the operational, performance, integration, and testing requirements for DASH; prepare a preliminary design to define the experimental prototype configuration and to prepare for Phase II; develop, test, and evaluate an experimental prototype; and assess commercialization potential, defining markets, and obtaining customers and commercialization partners. The Phase I results will be the requirements, the preliminary design and specifications for Phase II, the DASH demonstrable prototype installed in the CAVE, and a quantified feasibility assessment based on experimental results and analyses. DASH speech control can replace conventional systems or be used as a supplement to standard manual input devices in myriad Government and commercial applications. The combined potential of conventional and evolving speech controls can be exploited to provide a variety of new channels for controlling electronic devices. DASH can support users in space operations, field medicine (military and civilian paramedic), biological and chemical hazards, quality/control inspection, aircraft or automobile maintenance, rehabilitative engineering, and numerous other fields. |
| ADIABATICS, INC.
3385 Commerce Drive Columbus, IN 47201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(812) 372-5052
Mr. Lloyd Kamo ARMY 00-171 |
| Title: | Advanced Military Diesel Engine, High Temperature Tribology |
| Abstract: | Adiabatics, Inc. has been involved in the field of ceramic composite coatings and high temperature uncooled Low Heat Rejection (LHR) diesel engine development for the past 15 years. Recent developments in previous high temperature tribology study has shed new light on the possiblity of coming up with a viable solution for the high temperature tribology puzzle. Adiabatics' proposes a 3 "pronge" systematic solution to this problem. In the Phase I effort, we propose to test and optimize new technology Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) films. The first of these DLCs is a low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process that allows a very hard uniform DLC layer in comparison to preliminary ion beam assisted DLCs we have previously tested. Though our tests are preliminary, we believe this coating is far superior to the DLCs tested by previous reseach and development facilities. In addition, we seek to procure, test and optimize a pulse laser vacuum deposition DLC that again has superior properties to the traditional ion beam assisted DLC. The technology is avialable from the former Soviet Union and both technologies would be a major advancement in applying high temperature capable tribology surfaces to piston ring. From our experience in high temperature tribology and preliminary tests running against an Iron Titanate (Fe2TiO5) cylinder liner coating developed and optimized in a previous TARDEC tribology program we feel the means of achieving success of TARDEC specified targets is at hand. Lubricant is also a primary constituent in the success of meeting the high temperature goals set forth in this proposal. We feel again we are close to a solution using Hatco basestocks and new "minimum additive package" technology to eliminate deposit formation tendency of the lube oil. Demonstration of the technology will be performed in the Phase I Option with multi-cylinder design and operating assessement occurring prior to a hopeful Phase II effort. Potential benefits and commercial applications lie exclusively in improving engine performance and durability. The specifed coating lubricant package is the first cost effective combination that would be available to the commercial public. Beside improving engine performance, the extended time between oil change could dramatically be influenced. This would result in savings and a more environmentally favorable solution. |
| SURFACES RESEARCH (SURFACES RESEARCH
8330 Melrose Drive Lenexa, KS 66214 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(913) 541-1221
Paul Sutor, Ph.D. ARMY 00-171 |
| Title: | Extreme-Temperature Multi-Use Engine Oils |
| Abstract: | The objective of this program is to develop an extreme-temperature lubricant for the U.S. Army Future Combat System (FCS) propulsion system. The system will operate at significantly higher temperatures for longer durations than today's prototype low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines. The lubricant will be used as the engine oil, cooling fluid, and transmission fluid. Surfaces Research has recently developed new base fluids and additives for multigrade lubricants with three times better resistance to oxidative degradation than the best current high-temperature lubricants. Previously, only single-weight oils had sufficient stability for LHR engines. The new lubricants have five times better wear-prevention than current best engine oils and transmission fluids, with ultralow carbon deposits. The proposed Phase I program will combine our recent breakthroughs in high-stability multigrade fluids and innovative diesel engine additive packages. We will synthesize and formulate four demonstration lubricants. We will demonstrate large leaps forward in all aspects of lubricant performance, using laboratory tests that predict performance in LHR engines. We propose to scale up the best lubricant and begin an Army engine test in the Phase I Option period. The engine test will be in a new FCS diesel prototype: a 750 HP, inwardly-opposed two-cycle engine. The improved high-temperature lubricants for advanced diesel engines will achieve large increases in fuel efficiency, power density, and durability, with lower maintenance. Commercial heavy-duty truck diesels, automobile engines, and transmissions will benefit from these advances as much as military vehicles. |
| ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(952) 829-5864
Dr. Todd K. Goehring ARMY 00-172 |
| Title: | The Librarian/Integrator Function: The Missing Element of a Product Line Architecture Integrated Development Environment |
| Abstract: | Large, complex, software intensive weapons systems designed to operate on tomorrow's digital battlefields typically suffer from a lack of theoretical and technical infrastructure at the higher levels of abstraction. These systems are partitioned into smaller physical components aligned along organizational and/or functional lines within a corporation or among several corporations. The software in turn is distributed among these organizational entities. Despite these divisions, it is desirable that at the architectural-level pervasive software standards are enforced, and that specific inter-partition communication software design patterns be defined and followed. We propose to develop a preliminary design and key algorithmic components of an architectural-level development environment. The final tool set would integrate existing off-the-shelf products with an innovative Librarian/Integrator function to create a comprehensive development environment capable of supporting a product line architecture development approach. To be able to meet stringent cost, schedule, and performance goals, more and more large system integrators are turning to product line architectures. However, today's integrated design environments are not well suited to integrating designs from multiple vendors, such as would be found in mixed COTS, GOTS, and new development environments. The resulting product of this effort is a tool set to support large, software intensive, product line based development environments such as those required to build future ground system vehicles, e.g., Army's Future Scout. The product is also relevant to other large DoD and commercial development organizations, which have established or are considering product line architectures. Representatives of a major developer of ground systems vehicles have agreed with our assessment that such tools are needed and are excited with our approach. |
| DYNAMET TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Eight A Street Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 272-5967
Ms. Susan M. Abkowitz ARMY 00-173 |
| Title: | Lightweight Durable Titanium Tank Tracks Using Low Cost Powder Metal Titanium Composite Technology |
| Abstract: | In this Phase 1 SBIR program, a lightweight titanium track will be designed for combat vehicles such as the Crusader. Dynamet Technology with expertise in titanium materials and manufacturing technology will team with the Keweenaw Research Center at Michigan's Technological University which has expertise in tank track design, analysis and testing. New particulate reinforced titanium metal matrix composites, which offer enhanced wear-resistance and modulus, will be evaluated and included in track designs. ProEngineer models and weight calculations for an improved shoe body and components will be developed. Advanced powder metal manufacturing technology will be employed to reduce the cost for titanium components and permit unique component designs for improved life cycle costs. Thermal management of the system to increase the life of the elastomeric track components will also be addressed. Test samples will be manufactured from candidate titanium alloy and titanium MMC materials for ASTM G-65 wear testing as a screening test. A down-selection will be made and wear guide test specimens will be manufactured by advanced powder metal technology on the selected material for testing on a KRCs center guide wear machine simulating tank track wear conditions. The preliminary track concept will be finalized and detailed component weight calculations provided. A lightweight tank track that incorporates titanium alloys and titanium MMCs and near-net shape powder metal manufacturing technology will provide benefits in tank maneuverability, facilitation of deployment, and reduction of operation and support (O&S) costs. This track design is expected to find commercial application in armored vehicles including the Crusader. It is also anticipated that the proposed wear-resistant titanium materials could find near-term application as key replacement components (e.g. center guides) in other armored vehicles (using the proven T-158 track). This technology for low-cost lightweight, wear resistant titanium is anticipated to find applications in both military and commercial vehicles and as structural components. Specific benefits include: ú A titanium tank track design demonstrating the feasibility of achieving a significant reduction (target of 20%) in weight versus the conventional steel track. ú Demonstrated feasibility for particle reinforced titanium matrix composites to meet wear requirements for grouser, center guide, etc. ú Demonstrated capability to produce titanium alloys and particle reinforced titanium MMCs by advanced powder metal manufacturing technology (i.e. life cycle cost savings; minimizing the cost impact of use of titanium. |
| ANALYTICAL ENGINEERING, INC.
2555 Technology Blvd. Columbus, IN 47202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(812) 376-6472
Mr. Louis A. Krempel ARMY 00-174 |
| Title: | Lifetime Filtration for Military Vehicles |
| Abstract: | This program will eliminate all lubrication oil and oil filter replacement in the HMMWV and FMTV for the entire vehicle service life. This will be accomplished by delivering to the US Army a retrofit lubrication filter, immediately compatible with existing hardware, which will install and operate in the existing envelope, provide superior full flow filtration to existing filters, be factory fit or field retrofitable, provide lifetime filtration and lifetime oil without replacement or periodic maintenance, be robust, provide a visual indicator on the housing when pressure criteria have been exceeded, operate in bypass mode if necessary during mission critical needs, be cost effective and provide excellent reliability. This goal will be accomplished using breakthrough technology to design and build a combination system incorporating a full flow filtration section working in conjunction with an ultracentrifugal element to effectively remove all particulates. Proprietary time-release pellets will maintain TBN balance. Benefits include: 1) No periodic maintenance, reducing breakage and costs, 2) Lifetime of vehicle oil, eliminating replacement oil costs, 3) No used oil or filter elements, eliminating costly disposal, 4) Simplified supply logistic for in-field operations. The proposed filtration system is based on AEI patented technology developed for Class 8 on-highway trucks. Commercialization potential is high, as this system would be instantly applicable for all light and medium duty diesel engine in both civilian and military sectors. The combination of huge ecological benefits from eliminating used filters and used oil, combined with payback on investment cost within 18 months will assure rapid market acceptance and commercialization. |
| APPLIED TECHNOLOGY ASSOC., INC.
411 NW 97th LANE CORAL SPRINGS, FL 33071 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(954) 346-9576
Dr. Robert Cavalleri ARMY 00-175 |
| Title: | Suppression of Thermal Emission from Exhaust Components |
| Abstract: | Thermal signatures generated by hot components or hot engine exhaust gases can be suppressed by mixing cool ambient air with the hot component gas stream. In the development of signature reduction concepts, it is desirable to obtain a better understanding of the physical flow processes, hardware parameters and potential configurations that can be use for optimization of the signature suppression methodology and thus enhance the suppression. This screening process will be performed using one dimensional mixing equations, ejector performance analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Suppression methods such as film cooling, ambient air mixing and ejector design can be very effectively evaluated with the use of these design techniques. The CFD evaluation will result in guidelines for the design, fabrication and subsequent testing of the most promising concept(s). The methods used are also applicable to evaluating the performance of fullscale hardware. A theoretical and design effort is proposed, where one dimensional mixing analysis, ejector analysis and CFD techniques will be employed for evaluation of potential IR suppression techniques. The proposed effort would reduce IR suppression development costs, development time and permit IR suppression optimization. IR suppression devices have application in reducing the hazard of burns due to hot components that are encountered in every day civilian equipment such as commercial aircraft jet engines, automotive exhaust pipes, electric motors, aircraft ground support machinery, portable power generators and similar equipment. Excess noise and heat also represents a hazard to ground personal that work in close proximity to aircraft. High performance mixing devices will permit optimization and improved efficiency of gas turbine engines burner cans. |
| TEMEKU TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
PO Box 722 Lutz, FL 33548 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(813) 909-8975
Mr. Jim Means ARMY 00-175 |
| Title: | Suppression of Thermal Emission from Exhaust Components Using an Integrated Approach |
| Abstract: | The majority of the smart weapons that constitute the primary threat to ground combat vehicles incorporate infrared (IR) seekers that use thermal sources as their targeting reference. Therefore, in order to increase the survivability and combat effectiveness of military ground vehicles, it is desirable to reduce the vehicle's thermal emissions. The visual and infrared images in Figure 1 show how the hot engine exhaust outlet on the front right portion of the M-113 creates the most significant input to the overall IR image. Although a variety of combat vehicle exhaust suppressors have already been developed, this program will put together a systematic, integrated approach for the development of a host of exhaust suppressors for present and future vehicles. This program will investigate exhaust suppression virtual design, and exhaust suppression optimization by using and integrating modeling techniques with hot flow testing. Commercial applications could include thermal energy control, heat shielding, exhaust flow analysis, and engine cooling system design. The primary area would be in the automotive field, however, other applications may be found in the fields of transportation, manufacturing and power generation. |
| AMERICAN GNC CORP.
888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 582-0582
Dr. Tasso Politopoulos ARMY 00-176 |
| Title: | A Portable Thermal Imaging Diagnostic System for Automotive Tires |
| Abstract: | In this project, an innovative portable thermal imaging diagnostic system will be developed to detect faulty or damaged tires on moving trucks. By investigating and integrating a proposed advanced multispectral imagery processing technology, this project will result in an innovative portable thermal imaging diagnostic system. The system is comprised of a hand held commercial thermal imaging spectrometer in conjunction with an embedded DSP that processes the sensed data to analyze the thermal image and predict the time to failure based on the failure's thermal image database. The system is capable of continuous capture of faulty tire imagery across multiple spectral bands and processing the image data to detect, identify, and locate the local heat generation. The image processing software utilizes the proposed technologies from related remote sensing applications to perform the image analysis. These techniques are based on the use of Memetic Algorithms. The system is highly portable, provides automotive tire quality analysis to predict the time to failure of automotive tires, provides high accuracy with low false detection rates, and is cost effective. The system to be developed during this project has excellent commercial potential, especially for civilian and military uses in automobiles and aircraft. |
| RADIAN, INC.
5845 Richmond Highway Alexandria, VA 22303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 329-9300
Mr. Raymond Schandelmeier ARMY 00-176 |
| Title: | Prediction of Time to Failure of Automotive Tires Using Remote Sensing |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a portable thermal imaging diagnostic system that can be used to significantly reduce operating and support costs for both military and commercial vehicles and-most importantly-avoid the tragic consequence and tremendous costs due to injuries or deaths resulting from catastrophic accidents. During Phase I, Radian Inc. will work with its partners to explore two models of software approach and to demonstrate, based on past experience, the feasibility of the models to predict tire failures. EIC Inc. will develop an Empirical Model; Signature Research Inc. will develop a First Principles Model. During Phase I Option, both companies will prepare a Detailed System Design (DSD) for integrating their software into a portable version of the Thermal Imaging Inspection Station (TIIS) developed by Radian. Radian will determine which method, or combination, holds more promise. During Phase II, Radian will research, adapt, and test components while software is written and integrated into TIIS. End product is a prototype portable TIIS capable of predicting tire failures in moving vehicles. Dual-use applications will be explored during Phase III, including incorporation of the prototype into automated test facilities that could be installed in weigh stations and in commercial trucking facilities. A portable tire diagnostic system that can detect faulty or damaged tires on moving trucks has the potential to significantly reduce Operating and Support Cost and to lower the incidence of catastrophic accidents of both military and commercial vehicles. For commercial use, the system could be incorporated into automated test facilities installed near weigh stations and in trucking facilities. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Mr. Vlad Shapovalov ARMY 00-177 |
| Title: | New Advanced Gasar-Materials for Light Tactical Vehicle Brake Components |
| Abstract: | A novel approach for the development of high performance brake components is proposed based on gasar technology. The approach involves filling of highly porous gasar matrices made of wear-resistance alloys with abrasive powder to create new bake components. Gasar technology provides the capabilities to control pores sizes, shape, quantity, and orientation in one-step process. The porous monolithic structure resulted due to the interaction of hydrogen with melts provides unique service properties such as high durability, high thermal conductivity, and plasticity. The combination of the metal matrix and abrasive powder in one composite will result in improved braking performance and reliability. The proposed fabrication technique is versatile and it allows not only the production of braking components but also many other metals and ceramics composites. The successful completion of Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of using gasar technology for the development of high performance brake components. Gasar ttechnology is relatively cost efficient than other manufacturing methods for porous materials. Therefore, brake components made from gasars can be used in both military and commercial vehicles such as aircrafts, vehicle fleets, racing cars, cars, trucks, etc. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Fred Lauten ARMY 00-177 |
| Title: | High Performance, Smart Brake Components |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems proposes a high performance and smart material solution to produce more durable and reliable brake components for Army Light Vehicles. The technical approach is to develop a process for the advanced C-BN (carbon reinforced boron nitride) braking material using a unique family of proprietary ceramic precursors and an innovative catalytic process that is scalable and traceable to low cost manufacture. Furthermore, Triton will incorporate a newly developed real-time health monitoring system to improve safety and decrease O&S costs. During Phase I, the Triton Team will demonstrate the preparation of C-BN composites by the new scalable process and incorporate already proven direct contact "smart" CMC sensors. Thermal, friction, wear, oxidative, and hydrolytic properties will be tested to validate the performance of this exotic, but low-cost material. In the Phase I Option, Triton will down-select the process and material choices, prepare discs and conduct dynamometer testing. In Phase II, Triton will scale up and validate the best manufacturing process and materials with a Phase II manufacturing partner. An engineering design analysis task will be included to integrate the "smart" sensor output signal with other brake control and monitoring (i.e. ABS) systems. In Phase III, with an industrial partner, we will scale up to make and test prototype brake materials for advanced Army and commercial vehicles. In this Phase I and Phase I Option Program, Triton will demonstrate to the Army a proof of principle of new advanced braking materials, made by a cost effective process, now urgently needed for high performance Army Light Tactical and non-tactical wheeled vehicles, including the HMMWV, COMBATT, and Severe Duty Pickup. Triton's new and unique process and material will be used in advanced Army vehicles, with potential for use in commercial aircraft and high-performance trucks and passenger vehicles. |
| THERMOANALYTICS, INC.
94X Airport Road Calumet, MI 49913 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(906) 482-9560
Dr. David M. Less ARMY 00-178 |
| Title: | Vehicle Thermal Design Tool |
| Abstract: | To maximize the performance of the next generation of vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), the Army needs an integrated design tool. Employing the latest advances in computer conceptual design and simulation techniques, ThermoAnalytics, Inc. (TAI) proposes to create a tool to allow designers to simultaneously optimize drivetrain performance, thermal management, and signature control. TAI will integrate two of their software packages: HEVSIM, a HEV design and simulation package, and MuSES, a powerful thermal analysis and signature prediction tool. TAI will also add in new and innovative modules. To design cooling and exhaust systems, TAI will develop a fluid flow analyzer. This CFD code will be tailored to these specific flow problems, thus allowing the code to be tuned for fast and easy use. To solve for volumetric heat transfer in thick armor blocks, TAI will use the boundary element method (BEM). Compared with conventional finite element techniques, BEM is faster and more tolerant of mesh imperfections. Overall, the GUI-based vehicle design tool will provide continuous performance feedback to the user throughout the design process, guiding the user through parameter trades and design space explorations. The end result will be robust vehicle designs optimized for performance, efficiency, and survivability. The proposed engineering tool can be applied to the design of both new vehicles and retrofits of existing vehicles. The tool can be used for vehicle subsystem design, infrared signature prediction, and to analyze the impacts of material and coating degradation. With its ability to model the whole environment and its impact on vehicle performance, the tool can assess how a vehicle will perform under differing climates and weather. The techniques developed for rapid simulation of the thermal vegetation background can be applied to real-time simulators. The mobility module can be used to assess vehicle mobility for various terrains and conditions. Additional military benefits include signature reduction due to coating suppression (camouflage and BRDF tools), shaping (Eclectic), exhaust suppression (1D and 3D fluid codes), and mission analysis for advanced powertrains such as HEV (silent mode, length of mission, power for weapons vs. mobility). |
| ENERQUEST SYSTEMS, LLC
717 Seventeenth Street Denver, CO 80202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 828-2700
Mr. Raul Campos-Marquetti ARMY 00-179 |
| Title: | Abstraction and Removal of Feature Data to Generate Bare Earth Models from Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Technologies |
| Abstract: | EnerQuest Systems, LLC proposes to evaluate several aspects of LIDAR data processing that relate directly to digital feature extraction, classification and LIDAR filtering techniques. The development of data integration tools within an image processing and GIS environment will provide the capability to digitally extract 3-D earth surface feature information from LIDAR data. This includes: digital elevations of bare earth surfaces; vegetation; cultural features; 3-D tree canopy structures; 3-D building footprints and other related man-made structures processed within an automated environment over varying terrains. Phase I and the Phase I Option will be used to evaluate proposed techniques, and to design / implement a functional and commercially viable data processing regime using real time LIDAR data. Each technique will be evaluated to document its true functionality and limits as a function of terrain type, vegetation type / density, and cultural feature type. All techniques will be evaluated using existing or to be acquired RAMSTM LIDAR data sets. These results will be integrated within an image processing; GIS and database environment using a customized user interface built using C++ and Visual Basic programming techniques. Successful completion of the project will bring many benefits to the mappiing industry. It will reduce a currently labor intensive process to a fully automated one. The market value in the first five years alone is estimated at $135 million. |
| ATMOSPHERIC & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
840 Memorial Drive Cambridge, MA 02139 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 547-6207
Shelley Petroy ARMY 00-180 |
| Title: | Fusing Terrain and Sensor Data During Spectral Feature Extraction |
| Abstract: | Terrain data needs on the battlefield are generating greater military requirements for new, rapid feature mapping capabilities. Unfortunately, current methods are woefully inadequate to meet the needs of the modern digitized battlefield in which the commander must have the ability to rapidly obtain accurate terrain information and topographic products. Terrain Reasoning methods will allow more rapid and accurate labeling of terrain features by making use of multisensor/multisource data, both numerical (e.g. spectral data) and non-numerical (e.g. land-use maps). These methods can improve automated feature extraction by fusing disparate data sources while reducing operational costs. Building on existing Terrain Reasoning approaches, we propose to combine methods from two areas, the Theory of Evidence and the Knowledge-Based Processing/Decision-Trees, to allow fusion and rapid processing of disparate data sources. The proposed Trade Study will focus on three measures of success: improved accuracy, increased speed, and flexibility of the model to accept new data sources. We will develop a classification methodology constituting the most cost-effective approach for improving current supervised spectral feature extraction techniques. The resulting prototype software will be completely compatible and scalable for use within the Army's Combat Terrain Information Systems (CTIS) program. The anticipated results are a prototype software module that provides rapid fusion of disparate data sources (e.g. DTM, radar data, land use/land cover maps, etc.) for processing and extracting spectral feature information. This software will be developed entirely from COTS/GOTS systems and will be fully compatible with the Army's Combat Terrain Information Systems (CTIS) program and well as other commercial image processing software packages (e.g. ENVI and ERDAS). In general, the final product will provide an enhanced spectral feature extraction tool for DoD and commercial image processing packages. |
| NAVMAR APPLIED SCIENCES CORP.
65 West Street Road Warminster, PA 18974 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 675-4900
Mr. Carl Calianno NAVY 00-096 |
| Title: | Reliable Captive Structural Panel Fasteners |
| Abstract: | This SBIR proposes the development and demonstration of a captive panel fastener that can transfer shear loads; has a high fatigue life, low failure rate, low weight, and high reusability. The panel fastener will work in composites or metals and be impervious to environmental effects, while maintaining captive properties to reduce the risk of foreign object damage (FOD). The new panel fastener will not require modification of the V-22 structure. The Operational Evaluation report will be used as guidance, in addition to the Reliability and Maintainability data which has been accumulated to date, to determine the failure modes of the fastener. All the components of the fastener assembly will be analyzed to assess which are functioning properly, and identify those, which need to be further, developed. The functioning, and interaction of the individual components will be studied carefully to establish design configurations which will be more reliable. Geometric and material changes will be considered to provide the added performance. Analyses will be performed as necessary to assure that the joint strength and fatigue life will not be adversely affected by the modifications. Testing will be conducted to determine the optimal modification and demonstrate that it out performs the production configuration. The requirements for modern and future commercial aircraft should not be any more demanding than the V-22. Composite materials are being used more widely in the commercial sector also. This fastener will be readily adaptable to any commercial variant, and will provide the same benefits of improved reliability, and availability for commercial aviation as it will for the V-22. As composite applications expand commercially, this fastener will have Industrial and Marine applications. |
| PILGRIM SCREW CORP.
120 Sprague Street Providence, RI 02907 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 598-0838
Mr. Jerry E. Attanasio NAVY 00-096 |
| Title: | Reliable Captive Structural Panel Fasteners |
| Abstract: | Any new design must keep the hole preparation as designed for the existing fastener used in panels on the V-22 aircraft. A new fastener will utilize a retaining ring that allows positive captivation to the stud assembly as well as a positive holdout feature. This design will solve the existing problem of stud retention and retraction. The primary benefit of this research is the creation of a fastener that works as intended. Secondary benefits of this research include: cost reduction, weight reduction, increased strength, and water integrity. |
| HERBLANE INDUSTRIES, INC.
200 East Willow; Suite 243 Long Beach, CA 90806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 424-9795
Mr. Donald H. Herbert NAVY 00-097 |
| Title: | Aircraft Constrained Ejection System (ACES) |
| Abstract: | HERBLANE proposes to develop a concept and a system design for the aircraft constrained ejection system (ACES). The firm will base this concept and design on its Controlled Weapons Ejection System (CWES). The CWES will be redesigned and adapted for the safe carriage and ejection of JSF (all versions and both Boeing and Lockheed Martin models), and F-18E\F stores including JDAM, JSOW, and AMRAAM. Commercial reusable space shuttle. Commercial aircraft external fuel tank emergency jettison. |
| ZERAD, INC.
425 East Greenway Drive Tempe, AZ 85282 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 456-1010
Mr. Richard E. Zimmermann NAVY 00-097 |
| Title: | Aircraft Constrained Ejection System (ACES) |
| Abstract: | The proposed research will initially focus on the key component required for the successful development of the ACES; the non pyrotechnic power source. Phase I will test the feasability of a previously untried concept for providing clean, reliable, and low cost operation of the system. In Phase II, a complete prototype ACES will be developed around that energy source. A viable nonpyrotechnic energy source has many commercial applications. Besides, the ACES, many EMI sensitive aerospace systems could use this alternate technology. There is also potential in other marketplaces, such as the automotive airbag industry. |
| ENGINEERED COATINGS, INC.
P.O. Box 4702 Parker, CO 80134 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 977-9503
Mr. Craig Marshall NAVY 00-098 |
| Title: | Elimination of Galling and Fretting by Novel Composite Coatings Consisting of Dispersed Solid Lubricants Within a Ceramic Matrix |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Navy has a critical need to develop coating technology that will significantly reduce the occurrence of galling and fretting between contacting metal surfaces found in aircraft and ship engine / mechanism components. Engineered Coatings Inc. (ECI) proposes to develop new high-performance composite coatings which offer a wear-resistant matrix (ceramic) with uniformly dispersed solid lubricants (such as soft metals or layered lattice materials), which will eliminate galling and fretting problems. Islands of solid lubricant will form, during coating, from the large difference in melting temperature between the lubricant and the ceramic matrix. These unique coatings will be produced by co-deposition, using bias-assisted unbalanced magnetron sputtering and subpicosecond pulsed-laser deposition, two deposition methods that produce coatings with excellent adhesion, toughness, wear resistance, and low-friction. After definition of U.S. Navy component requirements, ECI will select two or three candidate cermet coating systems for deposition and subsequent screening tests (adhesion, galling, fretting resistance). Down-selection to the two best performing coatings and best deposition method(s) will be performed. Design of a fixture for processing of a selected subsystem component, in vacuum, will also be conducted. In the Phase I option, fabrication and operational demonstration of the special fixture will be performed. Significant reduction or complete elimination of galling and fretting damage modes. With the addition of the dispersed solid lubricants to the composite coatings, lubricant starvation periods, during start-up and shut-down will be mitigated. These coatings also have significant potential application to industry, as coatings for can-forming operations, dry machining, mechanical assemblies, engine components. |
| EXOTHERMICS, INC.
44 Pine St. Extension Nashua, NH 03060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 578-9800
Mr. Stephen G. DiPietro NAVY 00-098 |
| Title: | Low Temperature, Cost-Effective Application of Refractory Nitide-Based Tribological Coatings |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the Navy requirement for extending the service lifetime of specialty fasteners and propulsion system components in critical aircraft and nuclear applications. Exothermics and their team members Bayside Materials Technology and Bell Helicopter Textron propose a program to develop and refine cost-effective, scalable physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques that will modify the tribological properties of various substrate surfaces in order to eliminate or greatly reduce the tendency for galling or fretting. The surface coatings will be based on refractory nitrides such as TiN or ZrN. The tribological coatings, refractory nitride sputtering targets, and PVD coating fixtures will be fabricated by Exothermics, leveraging expertise gained from SBIR programs and commercially funded development efforts. The principal demonstrator component chosen for Phase 1 and Phase 2 is a Ti/6Al/4V drive shaft coupler used on the Bell/Boeing V22 tiltrotor aircraft. Limited amounts of wear testing using a pin on V-block apparatus would be conducted in Phase 1 to compare coating tribological behavior. Coated test coupons made during the Phase 1 will be produced by unbalanced DC magnetron sputtering and ion beam enhanced deposition methods. Both methods will permit great flexibility with regard to manufacturing scale-up, coating microstructural tailoring and substrate temperature control. Commercial markets which could benefit from products made in support of the proposed work include: (1) rotary and fixed wing aircraft drive shaft components; (2) ring and runner seal face components in naval and civilian reactor coolant pumps; and, (3) high temperature - capable electronic packaging for missile guidance systems and turbine engine diagnostic hardware. Product sales in the vicinity of $3-5 million/year within a five year period could come about - at least partially as a result of research contributed from this program. |
| ULTRAMET
12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 899-0236
Mr. Brian E. Williams NAVY 00-098 |
| Title: | Novel Diffusion Coating for Elimination of Galling and Fretting in Standard Metal Alloys |
| Abstract: | The detrimental effects of galling and fretting on the performance and lifetime of numerous metallic components used in military, aerospace, and commercial applications are clear. Attempts to reduce galling and fretting have been largely unsuccessful for several reasons. The addition of conventional lubricants minimizes the problem in the short term; however, by their intrinsic nature lubricants deteriorate fairly rapidly, and frequent use can create waste and environmental hazards, especially in a nuclear environment. Conventional overlay coatings applied for increased wear resistance are often not well suited for protection of the base alloy, particularly while under load, because their properties are often vastly different from those of the base alloy and the distinct coating/substrate interface can fail, resulting in cracking and spalling of the coating. To counter this problem, Ultramet has developed an extremely versatile and cost-effective diffusion coating process, in which the wear/corrosion-protective material can be diffused into and chemically mixed with the surface of various steels and superalloys and thereby become an integral part of the base component. This technology has been demonstrated for protection of high-cost precision propellant valves used by NASA, which were susceptible to acid corrosion. In this project, Ultramet will team with Bell Helicopter Textron in the development of an innovative diffusion coating material and process that will substantially extend the service life of gears used in the V-22 Osprey aircraft by eliminating galling and fretting conditions. The development will greatly expand upon previous work, which involved mainly corrosion resistance, to include full optimization of wear properties and survivability in the operating environment. The need clearly exists to eliminate metallic component failure resulting from galling and fretting. Conventional lubricants and wear protection coatings are not capable of providing long-term protection for load-bearing parts. The proposed diffusion coating material and process development effort will result in an integral coating/substrate system that will dramatically increase component service life and have extensive application in both military and commercial markets. |
| COMPOSITE OPTICS, INC.
9617 Distribuiton Avenue San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 621-5345
Mr. Curt Gibson NAVY 00-099 |
| Title: | High-Speed Dual-Mode Missile Radome (HiSMR) |
| Abstract: | As the Navy continues to make advancements in the dual-mode RF seekers, antenna bandwidths improve and the frequency of operation continues to rise. Higher frequencies require radomes of reduced thickness, which poses a difficult radome materials challenge as the frequency of operation reaches W-Band. In conjunction with higher frequencies, higher speeds are anticipated. This creates a temperature capability issue. Higher speeds force radome materials to maintain mechanical and electrical properties at higher temperatures. Composite Optics, Inc. (COI) will work with Science and Applied Technology (SAT) to generate high speed missile radome requirements and endeavor to search out materials and processes to create a low cost, high performance radome design. There have been a great deal of material advancements over the years, and it is time to evaluate these advancements and categorize them by RF performance, thermal capability, mechanical performance and environmental suitability. COI will also evaluate manufacturing maturity, time to market, start-up cost and production unit costs. COI has experience with W-Band radomes as well as C-J band antenna performance and integration. The conclusion of a Phase I program will lead to low risk designs with potential for high performance, and low costs production of high speed dual mode missile radomes. The integration of anti-radiation homing antennas with W-Band seekers, is a problem without a proven solution. COI and SAT will perform a thorough analysis of requirements and potential solutions that will benefit all future missile designs and upgrades. The Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM), as well as the AIM 9X (Sidewinder) are potential commercial targets for such an advancement in technology. |
| LINDSEY ASSOC.
150 E Pleasant Hill Rd Carbondale, IL 62901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(618) 453-3141
Dr. Jefferson F, Lindsey III NAVY 00-099 |
| Title: | High-Speed Dual-Mode Missile Radome (HiSMR) |
| Abstract: | The objective in this exploratory development is to identify materials and designs for a radome which will withstand the environment of high speed missiles and provide rf transparency for a low band side mounted conformal antenna as well as a W-band forward looking radar sensor. Materials, manufacturing processes, designs, cost and reproducibility will be emphasized in the study. A new ceramic material will be ocnsidered which has a lower dielectric constant than other ceramics and which is moisture impermeable. Two material systems using quartz fibers will be considered. The first uses woven socks with a high temperature inorganic polymer binder. The second uses a winding process with quartz fiber with a high temperature binder. The use of inductive grid technology and quarter wave matching layers will be considered in the designs. Upon completion of the Phase I research, one design will be selected for the Phase II development. The final design selected for further development will be based on preformance, cost and manufacturablitiy. The proposed radome technology will have potential use on high-speed missiles as a low cost replacement for present radomes and for future applications. A wide range of high temperature applications is anticipated including high temperature circuit boards, commercial cookwave, etc. |
| LANCORP. ADVANCED ENGINEERING & SYSTEM
Suite B305 Pittsburgh, PA 15212 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 322-7480
Mr. Frederick Lancaster NAVY 00-100 |
| Title: | Investigatioin of Diode Lasers for Removal of Large-Area Appliqu‚ |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR project is to investigate and develop the capability for the removal of appliqu‚ from Navy aircraft. Appliqu‚ coatings are basically coated adhesive sheets and have been experimented with as an alternative to sprayed organic coatings but have proven to be difficult to remove using an environmentally acceptable process. Appliqu‚ coatings have been used and tested on the F-18 having adhered under Mach 1 plus conditions, and is being experimented with on the JSF. Appliqu‚ coatings are environmentally friendly as an alternative to paints, but the removal process is not environmentally safe. Currently, the appliqu‚ is removed using large quantities of solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone to soften the adhesive on the back of the appliqu‚, which generates a large amount of volatile organic compounds. LANCORP has successfully removed an appliqu‚ sample using its diode laser stripping method. Our approach is to build upon this success by demonstrating diode laser ability to remove appliqu‚ and then by designing a full-scale system for rapid removal from aircraft surfaces. LANCORP has demonstrated the ability of diode lasers, over other types of lasers, to strip and clean aircraft coatings in an efficient, controllable and cost-effective manner Effective implementation of laser de-coating technology offers the following benefits: reduced environmental impact from elimination of the use of hazardous chemicals and reduction of solid waste generated for disposal, reduced health and safety risks due to the elimination of exposure to hazardous chemicals and de-coating residues (e.g., dust from dry abrasive blasting operations.), decreased operating costs due to reduced labor, materials use, damaged parts, and waste disposal costs, enhanced capability to apply advanced coating systems, such as electrocoats and powdercoats, since the process in essence "mills" the coating off. This technology would provide a rate of stripping comparable with present methods, comparable in cost to other stripping methods, but with the added value of eliminating the need for a dedicated depaint facility, or the preparation and cleanup issues. This is a less expensive more qualitative near term technology that can be implemented within 1-2 years, since the LANCORP ASI design incorporates commercially available components into a proprietary configuration, with the tool head being the most unique part of the system. Using this technology, high power laser stripping systems can be built for under $100,000. |
| TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC.
9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 263-2101
Dr. Michael Dingus NAVY 00-100 |
| Title: | Large-Area Appliqu‚ Removal |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC.
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 434-6392
Dr. Ranji Vaidyanathan NAVY 00-101 |
| Title: | Design and Fabrication of Low-cost composite tooling materials |
| Abstract: | Advanced Ceramics Research Inc. (ACR) has recently developed a low-density water-soluble mandrel material composed of a hollow ceramic-microsphere filler bound together with a high thermal stability thermoplastic binder. ACR and its partners propose to use a variation of this product containing high thermal-conductivity powders for a novel low-cost tooling material for polymer composites. Preliminary experiments have suggested that this is indeed possible. This new material, can be tailored to provide a specific coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity (TC), thus providing a tooling material that can be matched to the composite structure being fabricated. In addition, this material will be lightweight, environmentally benign, water-soluble and the cost of the bulk materials is low. Another important feature of the tooling material is that it requires no complex processing and has almost nonexistant shrinkage as the tooling material cures. The tooling technology developed in this program will have a significant impact upon the composites manufacturing community. In particular, this technology will enable more efficient, cost effective methods of fabricating composite bodies used in a whole host of industries. |
| KAZAK COMPOSITES, INC.
32 Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 932-5668
Mr. James J. Gorman NAVY 00-101 |
| Title: | Rapid Tooling for Composites using Close Range Photogrammetry and Rapid Prototype Construction |
| Abstract: | A process for producing Rapid Tooling for Composites shall be developed to meet the shortcomings of present composite tooling methods for addressing low volume applications such as prototyping and repair. The RTC method embodies two technology developments. First, a rapid noncontact method is used to capture geometry definition of the part to be produced and create an accurate and full featured 3D model. Next, the 3D model is used to create a tool (usually a mold) using powerful rapid prototyping manufacturing equipment. The resulting RTC tool is dimensionally accurate and capable of lasting at least 10 molding cycles, yet is mush less expensive and quicker to produce than conventional composite tooling. Work shall be performed by Kazak in collaboration with a major airframe OEM that has both the need and some of the specialized equipment useful for the performance of this work. Rather than simply performing a paper study in Phase I, this program includes fabrication and characterization of a small proof-of-concept RTC tool, reducing time-to-market by at least one year. The program goal is to reduce soft tooling costs for composite molds by 80% and lead time by 60% while maintaining required dimensional accuracy, low CTE and low thermal mass. For the phased depot maintenance (PDM), standard depot level maintenance (SDLM) and in-service repair (ISR) performed by the Naval Air Depots, this will result in substantially reduced cost and improved turnaround time for composite part repairs. In addition, this will considerably simplify logistics associated with ordering or producing spares from the aircraft OEM or using their tooling. For development programs such as JSF, use of RTC tooling will greatly facilitate production of prototype composite airframe prototypes. The digital nature of the 3D information capture process means that an RTC service bureau can be remotely located and serve multiple composite tool customers. These customers can include the NADEP's, airframe OEM's, airline repair facilities and other low volume fabricators such as general aviation. Furthermore, there are multiple offshoots of the 3D modeling capability including product modeling for e-commerce/website display, 3D virtual showings for real estate sales, and 3D tourism. |
| BCO, INC.
799 Middlesex Turnpike Billerica, MA 01821 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 663-2156
Mr. Millard Petty NAVY 00-102 |
| Title: | Definition of Software Architecture in Support of Virtual Instrumentation |
| Abstract: | This SBIR's objective is to derive functional and interface requirements for the Resource Adapter Interface (RAI) within the Standard Environment for Test as defined in the Automatic Test Systems (ATS) Subdomain Annex of the Joint Technical Architecture (JTA), Version 3.1, dated 31 March 2000. It will establish a preliminary architecture and interface requirements for the software layer between the Test Program Set (TPS) software and ATS instrumentation, while providing the necessary level of independence between these two ATS elements. This increased level of independence will enhance TPS transportability and asset interchangeability and dramatically impact the total life cycle cost of ATS/TPS ownership. Current industry initiatives are attempting to remove the test hardware dependency from test languages by providing better signal modeling capability (such as ATLAS 2000) and attempting to specify standard semantic interfaces for test assets (such as IVI and IVI-MSS). This SBIR builds on these by defining a compatible architecture, while addressing the specific issues related to major DoD ATS acquisitions. The RAI unites the signal-based world and the instrument-based world, through a layered architecture which provides adaptation layers to both the applications and the instrument layers separated by a decoupling agent. This SBIR will have the benefit of reducing the total life cycle cost of ATS/TPS ownership as well as providing enhanced test system capability and flexibility by addressing the issues of interoperability and interchangeability. It will help address instrument obsolescence issues in both DoD and commercial ATS as well as address issues related to the DoD trend towards the use of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) equipment. It will reduce ATS development costs and also provide more efficient utilization and decreased maintenance costs of test resources developed utilizing the RAI architecture. Commercial applications include: (1) ATS development compliant with the RAI standard; (2) RAI related software products including a baseline system covering a specific set of instrumentation and test functionality as well as available options for additional capability, additional instrumentation, and instrument simulation; (3) RAI compliant applications providing complex stimulus/measurement functionality utilizing multiple COTS instrumentation; and (4) RAI related services such as verification of new instrument compliance and verification of instrument interchangeability. |
| SUPPORT SYSTEMS ASSOC., INC.
Marina Towers Melbourne, FL 32901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 657-2300
Mr. Harry McGuckin NAVY 00-102 |
| Title: | Definition of Software Architecture in Support of Virtual Instrumentation |
| Abstract: | The test community, in attempting to solve test systems obsolescence issues, has been searching for ways to isolate test programs from specific knowledge of test resources. This test program decoupling from resource specific knowledge is referred to as instrument independence or instrument interchangeability. Several Commercial and Department of Defense (DoD) entities have and are working on the issue. Currently, no standardized or commonly accepted solution for completely providing the capability has emerged. The software community has made advancements in technologies that lend themselves to this need. One such technology is the Common Object Modeling (COM) standard. COM provides a methodology for defining software components in a way that hides the component implementation from users. The user is only required to know the interface defined, the way to communicate to the object, not the specifics of how the component does its job. There is a direct correlation between the need to communicate with instrumentation without knowing specifics of the instrumentation and the need to utilize components without knowing how they perform their functions. This proposal defines an approach to achieving complete test system instrument interchangeability through a robust, comprehensive architectural definition and implementation, using modern software technologies and paradigms. The results of this project will provide an element for use in test systems architectures that allows test programs to be independent of the test system they run on. When test systems or their resource components become obsolete the test programs will not require alteration when rehosted or when specific instruments are upgraded or replaced due to obsolescence. Additionally, if systems having multiple resources capable of the same functionality are present within a test system, then the RAI provided by this project will allow a test program to access any resource capable of performing the desired function. This ability to select any resource capable of performing the job makes a test system more adaptable and resilient in the face of resource failures or obsolescence. When many like instruments are present, as might be the case in a test system with virtual instruments, the capability to select any instrument that can perform the function is a highly desirable attribute. The DoD search for an acceptable RAI has been primarily driven by the need to reduce life cycle cost. This program will provide life cycle cost savings in the form of increased station up time, a longer operational life, and reduced test program rehost cost when a test system becomes fully or partially unsupportable. The capability is also expected to provide a means of easily simulating test systems when actual hardware is not available. This simulation capability will provide a means of performing off-line test program development without the need for test systems time during some development phases of test programs. This simulation capability could evolve into closed loop software simulation of the entire test scenario and could be used to validate test programs reducing station integration time needed. Beyond the department of defense, the commercial environment is also in need of the capabilities this program will provide. Full commercial acceptance of the products from this proposal is expected. Commercial acceptance will bring even more costs savings as the economies driven by market influences are achieved. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Wayne S. Pelouch NAVY 00-103 |
| Title: | High Power Compact Yb Waveguide Laser |
| Abstract: | Laser sources for applications in directed energy, IRCM, and remote sensing on airborne platforms require exceptionally efficient operation, low mass, and compact size. Traditional laser designs do not meet the required efficiency and size goals, which has restricted the incorporation of lasers in many platforms, such as small FLIR targeting turrets. Furthermore, existing systems are prohibitively complex and expensive to be simultaneously successful in the industrial commercial markets. CTI proposes a new Yb-doped waveguide laser design that is (1) capable of producing a TEM00 beam, (2) can be scaled to high average powers (> 1 kW!), (3) is exceptionally compact, (4) has high efficiency, (5) has excellent thermal properties, and (6) can be pumped by multiple laser diode arrays with high coupling efficiency using simple cylindrical optics. The waveguide design is simple, yet operates on a completely different principle than planar waveguides or bulk lasers. The proposed Yb-waveguide architecture will find wide commercial applicability in the high power laser market, especially in materials processing. CTI's experience in flight-worthy laser systems helps ensure a successful Phase I/II program. Anticipated applications include (1) ultra-compact laser transmitters for a variety of military airborne platforms, (2) efficient and low-maintenance lasers for industrial materials processing, (3) high performance transmitters for laser remote sensing. |
| Q PEAK, INC.
135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-9535
Dr. Kevin Wall NAVY 00-103 |
| Title: | An Yb-based Laser Transmitter |
| Abstract: | For laser rangefinders and target designators, lightweight, compact, efficient, high-energy-per-pulse laser sources are desirable. Diode-pumped solid-state lasers are the best candidates for this application. A logical means of increasing the performance of current diode-pumped solid-state lasers is to increase their energy storage by exploiting materials with long upper-state lifetimes. Ytterbium-doped media offer lifetimes that are on the order of milliseconds, and are a factor of five larger than Nd-doped media. In the proposed effort, we will explore the use of Yb-doped laser media in an efficient prism-pumping geometry. The prism-pumping geometry provides a simple and efficient means of both side-pumping and removing the heat from a laser rod. The prism-pumping geometry has demonstrated very efficient operation as compared with currently used pump-cavity designs. An advantage of the prism-pumping geometry is that the laser medium is conductively cooled, eliminating the requirement for liquids flowing over the pump surfaces of the rod. The prism-pumping geometry, together with Yb-doped laser media, offer the potential of small, compact lasers with robust coupling of the pump diode lasers to the laser medium. Our short-term commercial market focus for high-energy-per-pulse Yb lasers is in the precision materials processing industries including applications such as: precision cutting and drilling on metallic and ceramic substrates, marking of wafers and components, post processing of components such as LCD displays, solar-cell scribing, drilling of holes and vias in high-density electronics substrates, and the stereolithographic production of mechanical models. |
| EDAPTIVE COMPUTING, INC.
2161 Blanton Dr Dayton, OH 45342 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 433-0477
Dr. Praveen Chawla NAVY 00-105 |
| Title: | Processor Technology Insertion Recertification |
| Abstract: | EDAptive Computing, Inc. (EDAptive), Dr. Perry Alexander of the University of Kansas and Ball aerospace & Technologies Corporation (BATC) present a unique and commercially viable solution to the problem of characterizing Application Program Interface (API) for a real-time computing system and optimally testing characterized API upon processor upgrades. Our Characterize API for Real-time computing systems and Test upon processor upgrades (CART) program will apply an emerging formal specification language standard, and an innovative design verification test generation tool to the problem of processor technology insertion recertification. Specifically, we propose to research and develop a solution, which will employ two key emerging and innovative technologies for automation in the future, namely (1) the industry-, academia-, and government-sponsored Rosetta, an emerging standard System Level Design Language (SLDL) for specification of API, and (2) the Air Force (AF) and Navy-sponsored Design Verification Test Generation (DVTG) tool to validate Rosetta specified API as well as recertify the API upon processor upgrade. We have discussed our approach with potential customers and partners such as BATC and BATC has indicated its willingness to support requirements definition and definition of a potential test case for our Phase I effort, if awarded. Maturation and integration of tools and languages proposed under this effort will alleviate the processor technology upgrade recertification problem and reduce the cost of addressing it by at least an order of magnitude. In addition to DoD applications, the proposed system could be used for commercial software developers of real-time computing systems such as embedded systems to identify potential problems when upgrading processor technologies for obsolescence or performance needs. |
| TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC.
10201 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 267-6754
Mr. Levent Yilmaz NAVY 00-105 |
| Title: | Processor Technology Insertion Recertification |
| Abstract: | There is an emerging direction in systems development where plug-compatible reusable COTS components are utilized to keep systems affordable. However, a market of reusable processor technology components makes sense only if we certify these components and the overlaying baseline API to ensure that the substitutions, refinements, and compositions at the level of joint technical architecture (middleware) are safe, reliable, and downward compatible. Furthermore, techniques for assessing the satisfiability of distributed real-time QOS requirements of fielded joint systems and operational architecture elements are essential. We propose a multi-level recertification methodology and tool infrastructure that utilizes real-time ORB, called TAO, as a testbed API to reason, analyze, and test for the dependable upgradability of real-time systems. The methodology incorporates three levels: (1) an interface-level, model-based verification method for the substitutability and mutual compatibility analysis of the new component with respect to the characterized baseline API, (2) an automated API robustness testing method and infrastructure for testing the reliability and dependability of the API after the substitution, and (3) application protocol conformance and real-time QOS certification. A COTS level impact containment method that is based on a COTS level annotation and dependency modeling approach is also proposed to reduce the overall recertification space. The systematic analysis for dependable upgradability as well as the dramatic reduction of recertification efforts are the immediate benefits of the proposed method. Modular reasoning and certification at the API level along with an automated robustness testing method could lead to substantial reduction in maintenance costs, improvement in software reuse, and an increase in the quality of software. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Dr. Stevan Dimitrijevic NAVY 00-106 |
| Title: | Silicon Carbide Coated Carbon Fiber Towlines |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR program deals with development of small-diameter towlines capable of withstanding loads of 500 lbs, temperature variations of up to 2000 oF and extreme environmental abuse in airborne and shipboard military and commercial applications. Silicon carbide coated carbon fibers are proposed as material capable to meet the proposed requirements due to the excellent mechanical properties of carbon fibers and good oxidation and corrosion protection in harsh environmental conditions provided by silicon carbide thin protective layer. Protective layer thickness, SiC crystallite size and coating surface texture will be optimized to maximize compatibility in mechanical behavior of two components of the coated fiber and to maximize flexibility of the towline without compromising its mechanical properties. It is expected, due to excellent mechanical properties ( load of 500+ lb with diameter of less than 0.1ý), small weight (density of about 2.00 g/cm3) and resistance to high temperature variations and to corrosive, harsh environmental abuses, that silicon carbide coated carbon fiber towlines could easily find applications in both air-space and marine environments for load towing, instrumentation sonds, probes and weather balloon tethering, as well as for a variety of construction applications where miniature, light-weight and high-strength cables are needed. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Mr. Bob Mojazza NAVY 00-106 |
| Title: | Innovative Materials Solutions for IDECM High Temperature Tow Line |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to develop unique high temperature Towbody Towlines to be used for the Integrated Defense Electronic Counter Measure (IDECM) Tow Body Decoy systems. The Towline will be designed to withstand the extreme environmental conditions in airborne and shipboard military and commercial applications, and will be suitable for use in the entire operating envelope of the host platforms. The current state of the art material for use in Towline systems is an organic polymeric fiber that does not meet the extreme operational performance requirements. Triton's innovative solution will integrate 2 high performance material systems and thus provide an integrated system design that will be robust enough to withstand the extreme operating environment of the Towline. The first component will be a flexible high temperature resin that can be extruded onto the current Towline to act as an ablative heat sink. The second component is a high temperature fiber braid that is used as a thermal barrier jacket with low heat flux. Both components can be integrated into the current Towline system. Triton will be working with the prime contractor (Sanders - Lockheed Martin) and supplier (Cortland Cable Company) of the Towline to integrate Triton's material solutions into the current IDECM systems. Triton's proposed High Temperature Towline for IDECM Decoy Systems will enable cross platform implementation of current Towbody Towline designs. The ability to integrate Triton's innovation into the current Towline systems will allow for rapid qualification and deployment into the field. Triton is currently working with the system integrator and the sub-component suppliers to rapidly advance this technology to the field. The current market potential for towed decoy systems is approximately 30,000 units per year. Expanding the operating envelope of the towline to meet more extreme environmental conditions will expand the use of this system across new platforms. With this expanded mission platform, the market potential could extend beyond the military use. Other commercial applications could be to study geothermal activity on Earth or other terrestrial bodies. |
| AERODYNE RESEARCH, INC.
45 Manning Road Billerica, MA 01821 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 663-9500
Mr. Frank J. Iannarilli NAVY 00-107 |
| Title: | TOWDP - Thermal/Optical Wake Detection Processor |
| Abstract: | As a sensing modality for wake detection, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has received particular attention. However, SAR coverage is not sufficiently available from either spaceborne or airborne platforms, nor can it be operated under silent (passive-only) surveillance scenarios. These factors suggest that there remains a high payoff from employing airborne passive optical (visible, thermal infrared) sensing for ship wake detection. The challenge in achieving this payoff is cognitive exhaustion of the human operator, in addition to maintaining the high (and costly) levels of proficiency. Automated cueing offers a means to meet this challenge. Unfortunately, this cannot simply be achieved by applying existing SAR wake detection algorithms to optical imagery, due to the differing signature generation mechanisms. We propose TOWDP (Thermal/Optical Wake Detection Processor), with Phase 1 to demonstrate the technical feasibility of automating wake detection, concentrating on FLIR (forward-looking infrared) imagery. Our Option effort will establish cost feasibility of COTS PC-based TOWDP hardware implementation and P3 FLIR interfacing within a Phase 2 effort. A Phase 2 effort will implement and field demonstrate a flight-worthy prototype TOWDP onboard a Navy P-3 or similar testbed aircraft. Our technical team at Aerodyne Research is uniquely qualified to undertake this effort. Remote detection of ship wakes offers numerous and obvious military, border enforcement, anti-piracy, and search&rescue payoffs. An automatic wake detection processor would have several payoffs: (1) more flexibility in crew scheduling, as lower-skilled crewmembers would be qualified; (2) lower training and proficiency maintenance costs; (3) increased surveillance effectiveness. |
| ARETE ASSOC.
P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 501-2880
Mr. Nicholas Flacco NAVY 00-107 |
| Title: | Automatic Wake Detection Algorithms |
| Abstract: | Demonstrate feasibility of developing an algorithm to automatically detect ocean surface wakes in the presence of ocean surface clutter. Detection figure of merit will be derived from application of filtering and decision theory to modeling results and empirical data. Extend utility of EO/IR surveillance systems to take advantage of the spatial extent and temporal persistence of target surface signatures. Commercial applications include public safety, search and rescue, law enforcement, immigration control, and drug interdiction. |
| DYNAMICS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
21311 Hawthorne Blvd. Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 543-5433
Dr. Michael L. Webb NAVY 00-107 |
| Title: | Automatic Wake Detection Algorithms |
| Abstract: | Dynamics Technology, Inc. (DTI) will demonstrate the feasibility of automatic wake detection algorithms for Kelvin wakes and turbulent wakes and will identify other potential signature components. The algorithms will be based on generalized likelihood ratio detectors, which are known to be optimal when signal and noise statistics are known. DTI has previously demonstrated a computationally efficient version of a likelihood ratio detector for wake detection. Signal and noise statistics needed to design the detector will be calculated from DTI's existing wake signal and ocean clutter models, developed during 20 years of Navy ship wake research. These models will be benchmarked against the provided data. DTI will also develop decision aids to help the operator further reduce false alarms. Candidate targets will be derived from the automated wide area search algorithms described above, and the decision aids will be presented as imagery with signal enhanced and clutter suppressed. Automatic wake detection algorithms will reduce operator work load and improve operational capability. The algorithms represent a cost-effective method to enhance current ASuW and ASW sensors already in the fleet. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Magnus Snorrason NAVY 00-108 |
| Title: | Situation Assessment-Based Video Enhancement Agent |
| Abstract: | The ability to autonomously enhance low-quality or corrupted streaming video data is essential in a number of important defense and civilian scenarios. In military applications, the need to enhance and clean-up corrupted video signal is crucial for operator-assisted or autonomous terminal guidance of missiles. Quality of video also affects critical decision-making in civilian applications ranging from security to remotely-controlled surgical procedures. The entertainment sector also demands high-quality imaging despite low-quality cameras (e.g. web-cam) and under adverse lighting conditions. In spite of the apparent need for video enhancement techniques, progress has been limited to either human-assisted video clean-up or to very specific types of automatic video correction (e.g. contrast enhancement). We propose to design and develop an autonomous situation assessment-based video enhancement agent. This agent will control the selection of specific video enhancement algorithm sequences and their parameters based on image stream and contextual information. The pool of image enhancement operators will include both frequency and spatial domain techniques, while image-based control information will be derived via localized feature extraction. The prototype suite of software algorithms and the autonomous control agent will run on a commercial, off-the-shelf embedded platform with a dedicated vision processor. Government and commercial applications that rely on the quality of video streams range from police work and surveillance to the medical and entertainment field. In all of these applications autonomous image enhancement would have an immediate and measurable impact on the successful task completion or quality of data presentation. Hence, the proposed software/hardware architecture has direct commercial potential in these markets. |
| PLANNING SYSTEMS, INC.
7923 Jones Branch Drive McLean, VA 22102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 734-3437
Mr. David Minton NAVY 00-108 |
| Title: | Real-Time Automatic Enhancement of Corrupted Video |
| Abstract: | For this SBIR, PSI proposes an innovative application of data compression technology for video forecasting. We called this a Corrected Corrupted Video Viewer (C2V2). Using wavelet, and other compression transformations as a basis, we propose fabricating a software method to predict the next several frames of video as a type of Augmented Reality (AR). The original video will be accessible to the operator at all times. Further, using a less than real time sampling rate, the forecast video will be corrected, or calibrated, with the corrupted video at a sufficient rate to assure that the prediction is highly accurate. This prediction will be run in real time with the level of resolution desired by the operator/analyst, including introduction of transformation for functions at a higher resolution than available from the raw video. These higher resolution features can be introduced to the video stream from a previously stored library of features of interest. In Phase I we will demonstrate that the forecast methodology can be used to enhance real-time corrupted video. In Phase II we will implement an engineering prototype to test and demonstrate application of the technology to various video types and using various transformation algorithms. This will be done with a view that the final form, in Phase III, will be a video processor card with attendant software. The attendant software will provide for the transformation algorithm or algorithms, the forecast correction function, and operator software to initialize and operate the C2V2 and view the enhanced results. A significant issue in the implementation of software in the current business environment is the life-time of the system. Often, systems, even commercial systems, are virtually obsolete before they are even fielded. We are addressing one of the biggest problems in this are with our software architecture. In addition to developing the product in an "open System" environment for COTS hardware, we have proposed using a "drop-in, drop-out" implementation method for the transformation method. This would allow these methods to be upgraded, replaced, and used without significant change to the rest of the C2V2. It would be possible, under this design, for the individual user to tailor or develop their own specific transformation method, particular to their video needs, and insert it into the C2V2 for operation. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. B. Ravichandran NAVY 00-108 |
| Title: | Real-Time Automatic Enhancement of Corrupted Video |
| Abstract: | Commercial and military communication systems are faced with the need to perform critical tasks based on the use of transmitted (or hard-lined) video. Military examples include the use of video to perform stand-off targeting, autonomous target recognition (ATR), and operator-assisted terminal guidance of a missile. For example, in the SLAM-ER when the infrared seeker is activated, it sends a video image to the pilot who selects a specific aimpoint on the target. The pilot then locks on to the target, and the missile makes an autonomous precision strike. However, due to the effects of turbulence, multipath, rain, low signal-to-noise, restricted bandwidth, electromagnetic interference, countermeasures, and/or other degrading phenomena this video is corrupted. Thus, the quality of the video becomes important and real-time autonomous corrections becomes necessary. Any improvement to the video will make it easier to place the seeker crosshairs on the target aimpoint. The objective of this project (Phases I and II) is to design and demonstrate real-time automatic video enhancement and image restoration techniques that substantially mitigate the corrupting effects for SLAM-ER IR video. The proposal team is composed of Scientific Systems Company Inc (SSCI) and the Advanced Video Systems group at the Sarnoff Corporation. Also, in order to effectively transition these efforts to the SLAM-ER platform, we are developing a relationship with the SLAM-ER group at The Boeing Company in St. Charles, MO. The development of the above core technologies in video enhancement and image restoration will serve as a foundation for Phase III commercialization. Commercial application of this technology exist in several areas such as: medical screening and diagnosis, remote sensing, road and bridge inspection, and buried waste detection. |
| LSA
1215 Jefferson Davis Highway Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 416-4600
Mr. Robert E. Lee NAVY 00-109 |
| Title: | Avionic Schematics on Demand |
| Abstract: | The Navy's avionic maintenance and training environment relies on computer based viewing of schematics and associated technical data. Current authoring and maintenance of schematic drawings in this environment requires collaboration between the system/design engineers, technicians and technical illustrators and is essentially a manual, labor intensive effort that is often late, not synchronized and contains errors. LSA proposes a systematic process for converting a CAD system generated component and pin-out, text file database into a graphical database, suitable for automatically generating schematics. The process utilizes the best aspects of the human input, such as usefulness determination, with the best uses of a computer system (i.e. accuracy, timeliness and consistency). The process will make use of application of a set of interactive filters, developed with the aid of the C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS) Expert System development tool, to a text file consisting of a CAD system generated list of components, interconnects, and other essential information. The end product will be a database that can be used to automatically render a computer displayable, graphical representation of the system to include the capability to navigate through multiple electronic pages along specific interconnects. This innovation will have wide use in schematic environments to include general aviation, heavy machinery, utilities, the process industry and other industries where owner/operators use schematics for maintenance and training. It would also be useful for field service representatives and could be extended to provide mechanical and wiring drawings. |
| VAN HOUTEN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
P. O. Box 1590 St. Charles, MO 63302 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(636) 916-5333
Mr. Clarence M. Miller III NAVY 00-109 |
| Title: | Avionic Schematics on Demand |
| Abstract: | The graphical information required to support a complex aircraft involves tens of thousands of graphics and hundreds of thousands of pieces of amplifying information from manufacturers, suppliers, and integrators. Such massive amounts of graphical and textual information requires a sophisticated capability to automatically convert, interpret, and integrate electronic data into information industry standard formats to facilitate the conduct of troubleshooting, repairing, and training activities. Troubleshooting charts, diagrams, component index tables, parts illustrations, standards tables, structural and tooling drawings, and schematics constitute such information. Schematic information is difficult and time consuming to utilize in contemporary forms. Schematic information or graphical knowledge needs to be automatically acquired to enable locating, recognizing and cataloging schematic symbols, components, text, and connectivity. Once acquired this graphical knowledge will enable the development of algorithms for viewing, searching, and tracing connections among graphic objects between schematics. A software tool set and associated databases of components and interconnections among components will be enabled and rapidly deployed through established customer bases in several industries using CAD, CAM, data synchronization, fully backend supported internet based applications for facilities management, process industry maintenance, and vehicle depot and field maintenance. van Houten's business partner will support commercialization of this technology. The product concept is to provide customers with a fully integrated schematic management process supported by LAN, WAN, and internet ASP software allowing for the creation, warehousing, and synchronization of smart schematics deployable to the point of application for training, maintenance and decisions making. This will fulfill the customer's needs to improve the productivity and quality of all work tasks supported by the schematic management process. This product concept has been validated for the aviation, automotive, chemical process, utilities (telephone, electrical power, and water supply), and cable television industries. |
| HERBLANE INDUSTRIES, INC.
200 East Willow; Suite 243 Long Beach, CA 90806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 424-9795
Mr. Donald H. Herbert NAVY 00-110 |
| Title: | Multiple Small `Smart' Weapons Carriage |
| Abstract: | HERBLANE will develop a concept and design of a multiple, small, smart weapons carriage system capable of carrying and separating 8 LOCAAS and 4 MMTD weapons from the JSF and other designated USN aircraft, such as F-18 E/F. The system will be designed to fit both internally and externally on both the Boeing and Lockheed Martin versions of the JSF and carry all USN-designated stores. Foreign military sales. Commercial fire fighting water bombs. |
| JANKOVIC & ASSOC., INC.
1235 Jefferson Davis Highway Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 342-9277
Mr. Scott Fechtig NAVY 00-110 |
| Title: | Multiple Small `Smart' Weapons Carriage |
| Abstract: | Desert Storm gave impetus to a new class of smaller, smarter low cost weapons, with a reduced logistics footprint, which are effective in all weather conditions. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has demonstrated such munitions. However, the focus of aircraft integration has been internal carriage on the F-22 and Air Force JSF. Navy and Marine Corps requirements have yet to be considered. This program will investigate addressing Navy and Marine Corps needs in this area. The significant research efforts include (1) evaluating non-pyrotechnic ejection force generators for bomb racks and (2) performing fluid dynamic analysis of concepts for ejecting relatively small stores out of aircraft weapon bays through the shear boundary layer. The desired systems will allow for the carriage of multiple (minimum of four) small `smart' weapons on one MIL-STD-1760 Aircraft Station Interface (ASI). Weapons will be independently targetable and individually releasable. Suitability for storage and maintenance at sea will be a major factor in design and development. Cost per kill and total cost of ownership will be critical metrics for system evaluation. Novel and innovative low cost design, manufacturing, and supportability concepts will be explored. A Life Cycle Cost (LCC) model will be developed to assess design alternatives. Improved operational flexibility of Naval aircraft due to ability to carry samll precision weapons, not currently carriable on Naval aircraft. |
| COMPUSENSOR TECHNOLOGY CORP.
352-C Christopher Avenue Gaithersburg, MD 20879 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 990-1100
Dr. Thomas Tsao NAVY 00-111 |
| Title: | A Seeker Processor Simulating the Columnar Organization of Cortex Areas of Brain |
| Abstract: | CST Corporation proposes a novel approach to an integrated signal-processing system for terminal guidance seeker by simulating the columnar organization of mammal's cortex areas of sensory processing. The columnar organization of mammal's cortex exhibits a very efficient way of using the computing and communication resources and an ideal matching of the physical organization with versatile signal/image processes, particularly the adaptive and robust vision processes for target acquisition, tracking, and pointing. The phase I work will develop processor architecture suitable for the imaging sensor based terminal guidance seeker. The functional requirements, the physical constraints, and the technology availability for the terminal guidance seeker of missile will be studied through literature review, computer experiments on key processes, and analysis. Important results from CST's previous work on imager based target detection and tracking will be incorporated into this R&D. Besides this application, the integrated signal-processor is also useful for industrial automation, manufacturing, robot vision and position location, UAV based survey systems and material delivery systems. |
| QEI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2715 S. St Paul Denver, CO 80210 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 883-8131
Mr. Gary Sullivan NAVY 00-111 |
| Title: | High-Speed Image-Recognition Control System |
| Abstract: | Terminal guidance of weapons immediately prior to impact is an especially demanding control problem. While Global Positioning System (GPS) guidance can get a weapon close to a target, a greater level of accuracy is often needed to account for uncontrollable factors such as the movement of a target. QEI Technologies proposes to develop an entirely new class of pattern recognition control system that is exceptionally fast, inexpensive, and rugged. This control system is based on a novel mathematical methodology that eliminates many faults or limits found in existing control architectures. Phase I work will focus on demonstrating the new control system through mathematical modeling. Models will include the connection of a digital imaging sensor to the control system, and simulated target patterns will be input to the control system through the simulated imaging sensor. A preliminary electronic circuit and bill of materials for hardware implementation will be completed by the end of Phase I. Phase II work would focus on the hardware demonstration of the control system and validation of Phase I modeling results. Phase III will see the production of monolithic imaging and control integrated circuits implementing this new control methodology. Successful completion of this project will result in a new class of control system that will have a wide range of military and commercial applications. The control system will significantly improve the accuracy of GPS/INS guided missiles. In addition, the fast, low-cost system will be applicable to vision systems used in many applications such as surveillance, autonomous vehicle control, and manufacturing control. |
| SANDERS DESIGN INTERNATIONAL
Elm Street, Pine Valley Mill Wilton, NH 03086 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 654-6100
Mr. Al Hastbacka NAVY 00-111 |
| Title: | Integrated Missile Seeker Signal-Processor Development and Implementation |
| Abstract: | The Navy needs an autonomous target recognizer capability for integration with INS and GPS for missile applications. The proposed integrated system consisting of a Fast Pattern Recognizer, INS, and GPS is referred to as the FIG. Using a Kalman filter, the integrated FIG can improve the accuracy of INS/GPS navigation system errors and correct aimpoint errors in terminal areas caused by target location errors. The FPR enhances the INS/GPS navigation by autonomously detecting, identifying, correlating, and tracking complex targets in hostile, high-clutter environments in real time. Since image correlation is computationally intensive, real-time processing must be accomplished by means other than available traditional hardware and/or software. The proposed FPR system easily accomplishes this task with rated processing speeds equivalent to 150-1 GHz MHz Pentium III PC's. During Phase III, this speed can be increased an order of magnitude to the equivalent of 1500-1 GHz Pentium III PC's by implementing the FPR as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip-set in a multi-chip module (MCM) that is less than two inches square. The latter version offers additional benefits in reduced power, size, weight, and cost while increasing circuit density, processing power, and throughput rates for virtually all image-processing applications. Real-time autonomous target recognition needs exist in commercial applications for image correlation, identification, and recognition for law enforcement, medical, security, product assurance, and non-destructive testing. The commercial applications represent a market for more than one million FPR units. |
| DYNAMICS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
21311 Hawthorne Blvd. Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 841-0990
Dr. Ralph Ernest Chatham NAVY 00-112 |
| Title: | Rapid Transition of Synthetic Aperture Sonar Technology for Fleet MCM and ASW |
| Abstract: | Dynamics Technology, Inc. proposes to explore an opportunity to transition rapidly to the Fleet a new set of capabilities with only minimal development, hardware or acquisition costs. We will assess the feasibility of applying synthetic aperture sonar in a new way to both mine warfare and antisubmarine warfare (ASW) by the use of existing mid-frequency (~3kHz) active sonar transmitters on current ships and submarines and the use of towed array transmitters that can be manufactured under an existing contract. If successful, this approach will deliver to the Navy a new capability to perform acoustic submarine and mine search at unprecedented ranges and area coverage rates with systems organic to current warships. We project tactical active ASW coverage rates as high as 500 square nautical miles per hour and a mine detection-through-identification capability at many kilometer ranges with the potential of 100 square nautical miles per hour coverage using the same system both for ASW and MCM. Commercial benefits will also accrue in the areas of bottom search and ocean survey. |
| ORINCON CORP.
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-5530
Dr. Daniel D. Sternlicht NAVY 00-112 |
| Title: | Rapid Surveying of Buried Mines by Conjunct Seafloor Image and Biomimetic Signal Classification |
| Abstract: | Cost- and time-effective mine countermeasures (MCM) are of great interest to the Navy. The ability to rapidly sweep wide areas and provide accurate threat detection and classification is critical to an effective MCM system. Current biologically based systems perform extremely accurate classification, but require extensive operator/trainer interaction. The goal of this Phase I SBIR effort is to develop an adaptive acoustic (AA) mine-hunting system comprised of a high-resolution wide-area search transducer coupled with advanced real-time image processing and biomimetic classification algorithms. Preliminary work has shown both the feasibility and potential of this approach. The goal of this Phase I effort is to build an integrated sonar system capable of automatically detecting and classifying buried targets using complementary sonar spatial imagery and acoustic time series signal processing. The planned Phase I effort includes development of algorithms for image processing and acoustic biomimetic target classification, collection of acoustic survey data of buried targets, and development of a processing engine capable of fusing the imagery and acoustic processing chains to reduce false alarms. Phase II tasks include continued data collection for performance evaluations, algorithm enhancement, and development of a real-time hardware implementation of the system. The project will culminate in an at-sea test. The technologies described in this proposal have utility in a wide range of commercial applications, including beach and shoreline analysis; planning and design of coastal facilities such as harbors, marinas, breakwaters, and ocean sewage outfalls; location of undersea pipelines and cables; underwater environmental monitoring; and remediation of offshore areas of military test ranges for public access. |
| POLATOMIC, INC.
1124 Commerce Dr. Richardson, TX 75081 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972)690-0099
Dr. Robert E. Slocum NAVY 00-112 |
| Title: | Laser Scalar Gradiometer for MCM |
| Abstract: | This Phase I Small Business Innovation Research Project will develop a conceptual design for a Laser Scalar Gradiometer (LSG) deployed on a MCM Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV). The LSG will be used to locate buried mines and eliminate false targets in shallow-water MCM operations where conventional MCM systems are degraded and it is desirable to eliminate the risk and logistical demands of marine mammal assets and operators. Polatomic laser magnetometer technology was recently demonstrated in the POLATOMIC 2000 (P-2000) ELF Laser Magnetometer for airborne ASW ELF detection. The P-2000 can be operated in a gradiometer mode and demonstrated sensitivity of 0.2 pT/ft for sensor separation of one foot. The LSG design goal is high sensitivity, omni-directional measurements in the mine detection frequency band. In Phase I, performance data will be collected using a P-2000 in gradiometer mode. A LSG conceptual design based on P-2000 magnetometer technology will be developed for optimized mine detection performance. The LSG conceptual design will address miniaturization and packaging for deployment in an autonomous UUV with low-frequency sonar. The feasibility of designing and fabricating an LSG prototype in Phase II will be assessed in Phase I, and the Phase II technical plan will be developed. The Laser Scalar Gradiometer will provide state-of-the-art, room temperature detection systems used for ASW, locating magnetic mines and unexploded ordnance, ELF receivers, earth and planetary magnetic surveys, as well as vehicle and intrusion detection. |
| TECHNOLOGY FOCUS LLC
P.O. Box 142 Covina, CA 91723 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 253-1652
Dr. Paul L. Feintuch NAVY 00-112 |
| Title: | MCM Technologies for Detection, Classification, and Identification/Localization of Sea Mines and Submarines |
| Abstract: | As the Gulf War demonstrated, undersea mines will be a major threat to U.S. Naval forces during regional conflict in littoral waters, especially those involving countries without sufficient air or naval forces to pose a threat to U.S. warships. Acoustic systems designed to find bottom mines must not only detect objects with very small target strength against a reverberant background, they must provide extremely high resolution in order to discriminate between mines and mine-like objects on the bottom. Even with high-resolution sonars, observation of an object from multiple look angles is sometimes needed to successfully classify as non-mine or mine. Classification therefore limits the search rate of such sonars, both because high operating frequencies are needed to obtain high resolution in angle and because achieving multiple look angles slows the rate of advance. This proposal will investigate use of multistatics to improve mine detection and extend ranges at which classification is possible. Practical system configurations for a multistatic acoustic mine detection sonar will be developed and estimates of detection range, localization accuracy and classification range will be developed for these configurations. Search rate will be determined as a measure of effectiveness for comparison with conventional monostatic MCM sonars. The acoustic sensor developments anticipated under the proposed project will improve the detection of small objects on the sea floor. Further, by providing improved resolution with lower frequency sonars, these developments are anticipated to improve the range at which such objects can be classified. The primary candidate markets for this effort are anticipated to be the US Navy's mine avoidance and MCM programs. However, resolving objects multistatically can support improved classification in tactical ASW sonars as well. Other potential civilian markets include any application requiring imaging of the ocean floor such as shipwreck location, downed aircraft search and locating pipeline or cable routes. |
| DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC.
40 Lloyd Avenue Malvern, PA 19355 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 727-7700
Dr. W. Reynolds Monach NAVY 00-113 |
| Title: | Maritime Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) and Space Exploitation |
| Abstract: | Daniel H. Wagner Associates, Inc., with Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) as a subcontractor, will develop a report containing requirements and a detailed design for a Level 2 data fusion system that will significantly improve mine warfare situational awareness within the maritime littoral region. As defined by the Joint Directors of Laboratories Data Fusion Subpanel, Level 2 data fusion (situation assessment) involves creating hypothetical scenarios of the state of the threat, including patterns, placement, and types of mines. This Mine Warfare Situational Awareness (MIWSA) system will evaluate the mine warfare situation using information from MIW Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations. It will also determine how best to utilize available MIW Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets to improve the situational awareness of MIW planners and operators. MIWSA will allow MIW planners and operators to (1) develop more effective ISR plans, (2) more accurately evaluate the effectiveness of ISR operations, and (3) more accurately evaluate the threat to shipping from mines that may be in a maritime littoral region of interest. Having these capabilities will significantly improve the ability of Naval MIW forces to carry out their missions through the more effective use of information obtained from ISR systems. The immediate benefit to the Government at the end of Phase II will be a full scale prototype system that uses Level 2 data fusion techniques to evaluate and optimize MIW ISR operations. Improved MIW technologies such as these are particularly necessary at a time when the United States is facing a sophisticated MIW threat with limited funds to procure additional MIW assets/sensors. Effective use of Level 2 data fusion techniques in MIW operations will produce more effective MIW operations, conducted at lower risk, which will result in fewer casualties to friendly forces and improved overall US Navy effectiveness. |
| ORINCON CORP.
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-5530
Dr. Peter J. Shea NAVY 00-113 |
| Title: | Multisource Maritime Surveillance |
| Abstract: | End-to-end targeting systems for littoral warfighting require effective decision support from maritime intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) assets. Novel data fusion engines can effectively correlate, fuse, and track contacts and targets of interest, offering high-payoff, automated subsurface and surface ISR. Our proposed approach for Multisource Maritime Surveillance will leverage ORINCON-developed technology to fuse information from multiple diverse sources, including, but not limited to, passive and active acoustic, airborne/spaceborne imagery, and airborne video imagery. ORINCON has developed and currently uses state-of-the-art multiple-hypothesis tracking (MHT) algorithms to fuse passive and active acoustic information into a common scene. In conjunction with Prof. R. Chris Olsen of the Naval Postgraduate School, we will begin investigations into the fusion of airborne/spaceborne visible and infrared imagery into the acoustic view of the littoral region. This work will begin an effort in which data from all available sources is fused into a common picture to provide the Fleet with improved understanding of the littoral region as the Navy moves into the 21st century. Commercialization begins with technology insertions for Northrop Grumman's Tactical Exploitation Surveillance System and Littoral Surveillance System (TESS/LSS). ORINCON's data fusion and automation technologies directly apply to ONR's Deployable Advanced Distributed System (DADS) and can be seamlessly integrated with future fielded systems such as the Advanced Deployable System (ADS). Vessel traffic managers and regional airport traffic controllers will also benefit from our hybrid data fusion engine that handles both image-processed and signal-processed inputs. The fusion of imagery data with Joint STARS moving target indicator (MTI) radar has potential applications in other branches of the military. Anticipated benefits extend to commercial markets for our pattern recognition, data correlation/fusion, and knowledge management products for health care industries and multiple electronic businesses. |
| SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC.
99 South Bedford Street, #7 Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-4770
Dr. David Robertson NAVY 00-113 |
| Title: | Remote Monitoring of Ships via Infrared Multispectral Imagery |
| Abstract: | This proposal explores the utility of space-based thermal infrared (TIR) multispectral imagery (MSI) for detecting, monitoring and identifying ships in the littoral zone. MSI provides a remote, passive, and day/night capabilities, it can penetrate fog and haze, and it can detect subtle ship thermal signatures. Currently, ambiguities in separating temperature, material emissivity and atmospheric effects complicate the remote detection and identification of ships. To address this problem we propose developing new TIR atmospheric and sea surface properties retrieval and ship detection/identification algorithms, dubbed MASTS (Multispectral Algorithms for Ship Thermal Signatures). MASTS uses physics-based radiative-transport algorithms plus a representative library of ship parameters to enhance the information content of TIR images. It retrieves the upwelling ship surface radiance and gleans additional information about the target, including its shape, surface temperatures, and materials In Phase I, we will develop the basic MASTS algorithms and demonstrate their effectiveness using real littoral zone MSI data from the recently launched DOE Multispectral Thermal Imaging (MTI) satellite. In Phase II the algorithms will be refined, integrated into an analyst driven software package, and applied to analysis of additional data from MTI and from an airborne hyperspectral imager. The anticipated result is a software package, the MASTS tool kit, that incorporates new algorithms for retrieving ship temperatures and material emissivities, and performing ship detection/identification using aircraft and satellite-based TIR MSI data. MASTS will be applicable to TIR MSI sensor design applications in the Navy and other US Government agencies, and analysis of real data to be acquired from present and planned sensor systems. Other Government applications include surveillance in the littoral zone and open ocean, target detection and identification, technical intelligence. Commercial applications include littoral traffic monitoring/control, civilian law enforcement/surveillance, crop health monitoring, and mineral/natural resource detection. |
| WEBB RESEARCH CORP.
82 Technology Park Drive East Falmouth, MA 02536 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 548-2077
Mr. Douglas C. Webb NAVY 00-113 |
| Title: | An Air Deployed Multi-cycle Ocean Profiler for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance |
| Abstract: | A new tool for Navy intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance is proposed. A profiler, in an A size sonobuoy configuration, able to make 100 plus profiles with an endurance of 60 days, capable of supporting a wide-range of physical and acoustic sensors, GPS positioning, line-of-sight, or global satellite communications and under water coustic modems. The profiler proposed is a logical extrapolation of the ALACE civil research profiler. The development is of low to moderate risk and has a rich field of future development, particularly in adapting the variable buoyancy to create gliding vehicles capable of controlled vertical and horizontal movement. The Phase 1 component proposed is to construct three prototypes and demonstrate them in the field. The prototypes will be of A size Sonobuoy physical envelope, for hand development with the data collected, processed, and distributed by Internet. The technical background is outlined, including examples of field observations. The proposed profilers are expected to be a useful addition to the Navy tactical toolbox, useful in ocean data assimilation and environmental assessment as well as civil applicaitons. The air-deployed profilers may have a role in short-lived marine events, oil spills, rescues, major underwater seismic events, etc. A group of profilers can be air deployed quickly, programmed to sit on the bottom and ascent sequentially acting as surface drifters as well as profilers. There may be a role in ocean and climate research for a long-life version with accurate sensors for air deployment in remote areas, or from deployment from ships of opportunity to complement the worldwide deployment of 3000 civil research profilers planned in the international ARGO experiment. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4270
Dr. Daniela Marciu Topasna NAVY 00-114 |
| Title: | ISAM Nanoparticles/Polymer Thin Film for RF Transparent Appique |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will develop novel RF transparent, optically tailorable appliques. This will be accomplished by incorporating specific nanoparticles in thin films that can be deposited on any type of substrate, including transparent plastic sheets such as polystyrene. The technique of fabricating these films, called ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) technique, allows for precise molecular level control over the assembly of a thin film with exceptional homogeneity and ease of processing. ISAM nonlinear optical films offer additional major advantages of excellent homogeneity for low scattering loss, high thermal and chemical stability, simplicity and low-cost. Luna Innovations and its university collaborators have shown that revolutionary ISAM methods of creating multifunctional thin-films monolayer by monolayer can be used to yield a wide variety of self-assembled, electronically and photonically-active polymeric thin films, including light emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, and second order nonlinear optical monolayer films, to mention a few of the applications for the ISAM thin films. The ISAM technique uses only water soluble materials, eliminating the need of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or any other toxic materials, is a low cost thin film fabrication technique. Besides the military applications of the ISAM RF transparent appliques, other fields, such as automotive industry, could benefit from these results. The new transparent sheets can reduce the heating in buildings and automobiles due to infrared absorption, thus reducing their cooling costs. |
| SIGMA TECHNOLOGIES INTL, INC.
10960 N. Stallard Place Tucson, AZ 85737 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 575-8013
Dr. Angelo Yializis NAVY 00-114 |
| Title: | RF Transparent, Optically Tailorable Appliqu‚ |
| Abstract: | Proliferation of infrared sensors in target acquisition systems and precision guided munition seekers has a major impact on survivability of aircraft, ships, and surface vehicles. Recent advances in materials and thin film technologies have produced effective IR signature control coatings that can be tailored for performance from the visible through all of the infrared threat bands while being compatible with underlying RF treatments. Sigma proposes to produce three different types of appliques to cover a variety of applications with particular focus on dielectric constant (RF transparency), and durability under extreme environmental conditions. All proposed applique systems will be configured to meet various conventional requirements, including weatherability, solvent resistance, color, and gloss. Phase I samples will be produced in large scale production equipment that will allow future scale-up for field test trials. IR signature reduction appliqu‚ systems will improve safety and reduce operation costs. Non DOD applications for such appliqu‚ technologies include commercial and private aircraft, automotive, thermal control, security, and various specialty coatings. |
| ELSICON, INC.
Suite 1C1, 3521 Silverside Rd. Wilmington, DE 19810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(302) 478-2680
Dr. Wayne M. Gibbons NAVY 00-115 |
| Title: | Fully Integrated Micro Sensor IMU |
| Abstract: | The success or failure of military operations increasingly depends on situation awareness. Critical to situation awareness is the knowledge of the precise position and heading of weaponry and personnel. There is a need for navigational systems independent of external sources and signals that would provide information about the position or movement of weaponry and personnel. Elsicon proposes a fully integrated Micro Sensor Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) that can measure the linear acceleration and rotation of objects. The compact design makes the proposed Micro Sensor IMU rugged and robust for military applications. The integrated nature of the Micro Sensor IMU increases the potential for economical manufacturing. As a result, the Micro Sensor IMU has potential in commercial applications. The compact, integrated, economical nature of the proposed Micro Sensor IMU makes it ideal for commercial applications. These devices are compact enough to be carried by individuals or incorporated into any moving vehicle. As a result, applications abound in the areas of security and travel. The Micro Sensor IMU can be used in any navigation and guidance applications independent of the GPS system. However, the Micro Sensor is also synergistic with the GPS system and can increase the flexibility and reliability of navigation systems that use the GPS system. |
| NEW JERSEY MICROSYSTEMS, INC.
240 King Blvd. Newark, NJ 07102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 297-1449
Dr. Changqing Zhan NAVY 00-115 |
| Title: | High-g MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit |
| Abstract: | Tactical guidance and navigation grade inertial measurement units (IMU) are typically bulky and costly. Numerous MEMS-based efforts to develop low cost IMU's have not yet produced performance specs suitable for tactical grade classification in almost 10 years of research on the topic. However, recently developed deep reactive-ion-etching (RIE) based, single-crystalline-silicon micromachining methods appear to provide the possibility of meeting the difficult tactical grade classification. Among various deep RIE based methods, we propose to use the Surface/Bulk Micromachining (SBM) technology to develop IMU's capable of tactical grade classification. The SBM technology can fabricate single-crystalline-silicon gyroscopes and accelerometers on a single wafer. The SBM technology also allows a unique in-situ process step for correcting micromachining errors to match the actual IMU performance closely to the design specifications. A laboratory working micro gyroscope sample has already been fabricated using the SBM technology, and preliminary measurements are very near the target goal. Our proposed work will focus on developing optimized designs for tactical grade classification, including the harsh vibration, shock and temperature requirements. The market size for guidance and navigational grade IMUs is cost sensitive as with all markets. The IMU to be developed would lower systems cost by more than an order of magnitude and thus open up commercialization opportunities that to date have been only dreams. An IMU in this price category manufactured in volume would support a coupled GPS-IMU system of extreme accuracy for personal and business use in addition to military. |
| OCEAN POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1590 Reed Road Pennington, NJ 08534 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 730-0400
Dr. Joseph R. Burns NAVY 00-116 |
| Title: | Efficiency Improvements in Modular Ocean Wave Powered Generators |
| Abstract: | The program proposed by OPT is a multi-pronged effort aimed at improving the energy conversion efficiency of ocean waves to electrical power by a factor of 5. It is about fundamental improvements in the physics and engineering of the conversion process and not about, e.g., building larger structures at lower manufacturing and deployment costs, which, although important, will come later when these improvements have been established. The goal of this program is to increase the power output of the basic OPT module from 20 kW to 100 kW. There are several key sub-systems involved in this improvement and these will be optimized and analyzed in detail in the program. 1. Wave Energy Capture Buoy: converts wave height into linear motion in the buoy. 2. Hydraulic Cylinder/Motor: Converts (very) slow linear motion to high speed rotary shaft motion. 3. Electrical Generator: Shaft common to hydraulic motor; produces electrical power output roughly proportional to the square of the shaft speed. The increased performance of these sub-systems will be the end result of the Phase I effort and lay the foundation for future work. The demand for energy is huge and universal. This R&D program will produce renewable (non-polluting) wave powered energy at 5 times lower cost than currently available. The significance of the opportunity is potentially enormous in both the commercial and military sectors. This is particularly true for remote areas such as islands in the Pacific where the cost of importing and storing diesel fuel is exorbitant (¯ 25c/kWh) and the wave climate is ideal. The local populace (which includes US Navy bases in many cases) benefits. In addition, the Navy has unique requirements for powering autonomous systems that, realistically, can not be done any other way. |
| SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH
15261 Connector Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 903-1000
Dr. Robert Koslover NAVY 00-116 |
| Title: | Modular 100 kW Wave Powered Electric Generator |
| Abstract: | We propose a bold new way to generate electric power from ocean wave motion. Our approach stands in stark contrast to the indirect, bulky, expensive, and mechanically-inefficient methods now typical of this field, in which even the most successful methods are inherently shore-based, capital-intensive, or incompatible with rapid deployability. Yet in every case, the basic problem is the same: the ocean offers up its power as very strong forces (e.g., many tons) acting at very low velocities (e.g., 1 m/s). The use of a conventional electric generator demands application of inefficient mechanisms (e.g., air pressurization / turbine systems) to provide the necessary mechanical impedance-matching, i.e., to convert the wave power into a weaker force acting at a higher velocity. But SARA's scientists have discovered how to shift this impedance-matching burden from the mechanical to the electrical domain, via a cleverly-configured magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator. The low-impedance MHD output is converted to more practical voltages and currents via efficient electronic switches and compact transformers, rather than cumbersome mechanical contraptions. The result is both compact and highly deployable. In fact, this new approach may be the long-awaited technological breakthrough that will make ocean-wave energy competitive in a broad range of applications. The proposed technology has numerous commercial and military applications, with the nearest-term being provision of electric power at critical remote ocean and coastal locations. In contrast to existing ocean-wave power conversion alternatives, this new approach offers the promise of a highly-compact, rapidly deployable, highly-efficient, and low-cost solution. |
| DEEGAN RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
39 Porter Lane Portsmouth, RI 02871 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 683-1899
Mr. Thierry Deegan NAVY 00-117 |
| Title: | Rigid, Sectored-Cylinder, Composite-Sandwich Cofferdam |
| Abstract: | Proposed for development is an escape trunk cofferdam that is made of a set of rigid (composite sandwich) cylindrical sectors joined by longitudinal sealing joints. The cofferdam is attached to the escape trunk's bubble skirt by an attachment ring which allows the sections of the cofferdam to be staged below the hatch before it is opened. When the hatch is opened, the sectors are raised through the hatch. Then activation of a set of pneumatic longitudnal and circumferential seals locks the cofferdam in place and makes it watertight. For passage of personnel, the composite cofferdam has an inner step and a folding step to reach outside the cofferdam. The proposed cofferdam is expected to be activated more quickly than an inflating-body cofferdam and will be far more suitable for the rugged and frequently sharp-edged environment of a submarine. The material to be used for the cofferdam is also significantly less flammable than materials used typically for inflatables. The project proposed includes the design of the sandwich shell, development of both mechanical and pneumatic type seals for comparison, and fabrication of a breadboard suitable for illustrating its fit and function dockside. The cofferdam proposed for development is based on existing commercial products and offers a low-cost path to a set of long-lived cofferdams for the Fleet. This cofferdam can be applied to a number of applications in the construction industry. |
| PEL ASSOC.
1084 Shennecossett Rd. Groton, CT 06340 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 448-6522
Dr. Morton L. Wallach NAVY 00-117 |
| Title: | Submarine Forward Escape Trunk Cofferdam |
| Abstract: | A system concept is developed for the design of a stowable watertight enclosure for the submarine forward escape trunk hatch. Concept feasibility is assessed and work on a system prototype is initiated. The proposed enclosure is constructed of inflatable elastomer and can be processed via conventional techniques. It attaches to the hull and integrates with the lower ("bathtub") section. The enclosure has a raised rim above the hatch and can accommodate steps for easy personnel access. As a Phase I Option, we would continue work on a system prototype. The enclosure system will eliminate the disruption caused by large amounts of sea water coming down the hatch during personnel transfers at sea, and the sailor workload required to clean it up. As a result such transfers will be less disruptive and safer. Potential commercial applications include use of the enclosure system by foreign navies, research vessel submersibles and recreational industries conducting similar brief stops for personnel at sea. |
| CHARGED INJECTION CORP.
11 Deer Park Drive Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 274-1470
Dr. Arnold J. Kelly NAVY 00-118 |
| Title: | Liquid Fuel Atomizer |
| Abstract: | Electrostatic fuel injector technology will provide the Navy a unique opportunity to maximize Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) wave speed and thrust with minimum cost and complexity. Both SPRAY TRIODE and MEMS mockup (<.01 lbm/sec) electrostatic atomization technology, including benchtop PDPA atomization measurement, will be evaluated during Phase I. Charged Injection Corporation will team with CFD Research Corporation and the Navy Postgraduate School to perform an analytical comparison of electrostatic versus conventional PDE fuel injection. Work will focus on providing: 1) a multi-orificed design capable of flowing >0.5 lbm/sec at <50 psid, with an 8 micron SMD droplet plume and, 2) functional on-off pulsing operability up to 200 Hz with durability in excess of 600 seconds under nominal PDE operating conditions. Current power requirements to achieve this performance will be less than 10 watts with a total system weight and volume < four pounds and 54 (3x3x6) cubic inches. Phase II will focus on fabrication and demonstration of a flight configured prototype unit. Test and evaluation will include measurements of droplet size and distribution at all operating conditions while exceeding all operational specifications. One complete unit, with adequate spare parts, will be delivered to the Navy to support rigorous test and evaluation in an actual PDE test environment. By providing quantum enhancement of the fuel atomization and mixing processes, and reduction in fuel delivery pressure, the proposed electrostatic atomization technology can revolutionize PDE technology. The ultimate commercial potential of inserting this technology within the aerospace propulsion, power generation, and reciprocating engine industries exceeds the typical SBIR commercialization scale. |
| TDA RESEARCH, INC.
12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 940-2313
Mr. Jim Nabity NAVY 00-118 |
| Title: | Liquid Fuel Atomizer |
| Abstract: | Pulse detonation engines (PDE) are a revolutionary approach to airbreathing propulsion and have the potential to increase range and thrust. Demonstrating rapid deflagration-to-detonation in a PDE combustor using storable, liquid hydrocarbon fuels is essential to their successful development. Unfortunately, liquid fuels require atomization, which introduces the challenge of detonating a liquid droplet spray. Recent research shows that droplet Sauter-mean diameters of less than 3 mm may be required. New atomization technologies will be required to produce these small droplets, as current liquid atomization techniques do not meet all Navy requirements (droplet size, high temperature operability, low pressure drop, high speed on-off pulsing with zero-drip closure and high flow rate). TDA Research, (TDA) teamed with the University of Colorado-Boulder, proposes a novel high-speed, addressable atomization technology to meet these requirements. Monodisperse droplets with a Sauter-mean diameter less than 10 mm will be produced at rates up to 100 kHz with very little pressure drop. The atomizer will be designed to operate with kerosene fuels in the high temperature and pressure environment characteristic of PDEs. Phase I experiments and detailed design of a liquid-fueled atomizer will lead to prototype construction and evaluation in Phase II. We anticipate that the atomizer developed by this research will be applicable in a wide range of propulsion and power generation applications including aircraft and stationary gas turbine engines, ramjets, and liquid fueled rockets. Modern high performance liquid-fueled combustors typically operate at very high energy densities requiring that the fuel be rapidly atomized, evaporated and mixed with the oxidizer. Special attention should also be paid to avoiding combustion instabilities that can impair performance and/or damage hardware. For stationary power generation applications, environmental concerns make prevaporized/premixed operation attractive, but it is again susceptible to combustion instability. The availability of inexpensive, robust injectors that can be modulated at high frequencies will open the door for practical active combustion control. In addition, diesel and gasoline direct injection are potential automotive applications with about the same operational frequency as the PDE. Lastly, agricultural markets exist for fertilizer and pesticide dispersion and cooling of livestock. |
| EMF SYSTEMS, INC.
14670 Highway 9 Boulder Creek, CA 95006 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(831) 338-1800
Mr. David F.Smith NAVY 00-119 |
| Title: | Power Generation During Buoy Operations |
| Abstract: | A low rate, very high energy metal-dissolved oxygen fuel cell is proposed as a power source for autonomous buoy operation. The goal is to provide continuous delivery of at least 35 watts power for at least 6 months (151.2 KWH). The energy density of the low rate system is estimated to be in excess of 500WH/Kg and 120WH/liter (including a DC-DC Converter). The Phase I effort will focus on the evaluation of several candidate metal anode constructions and metal/catalyzed metal oxygen reduction electrodes. A very low cost, seaworthy power source will find wide application in defense, scientific, and recreational applications where a safe, extremely high energy density power source is a requirement. |
| VENTURE SCIENTIFIC INTERNATIONAL
293 Booth Road Chapel Hill, NC 27516 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 942-4487
Dr. Serebrennikov Valentin NAVY 00-119 |
| Title: | Power Generation During Buoy Operations |
| Abstract: | An inexpensive, rechargeable and reliable electrical power system for marine buoys is proposed. This unique, safe system decomposes seawater to make pure hydrogen to supply a fuel cell, which converts the hydrogen directly to electricity at 50%+ efficiency. The system is passive and insensitive to corrosion or shock. Hydrogen is produced by water reaction near ambient temperature with activated magnesium alloy. The only byproduct is Mg(OH)2 , milk of magnesia. The new Mg alloy has reaction properties with seawater that are ideal for a power source with varying electrical demand and on/off requirements. The fuel cell is a commercially available proton exchange membrane, hydrogen-air unit. The system needs no electronics or moving parts. It will produce about 1.3 kWh per kg of total system weight. Consumable reagents should cost less than $4/kWh. Periods between magnesium alloy recharging can be much longer than six months. During Phase 1 an integrated prototype system will be prepared to work continuously without maintenance. This effort will include optimizing the composition and geometry of the rechargeable magnesium alloy elements; designing an integrated system for buoy requirements (e.g., 35 W for 6 months) and conditions; and testing/optimizing of the selected prototype. It is anticipated that the NAVY will gain from this R&D effort an electrical power source which will have 1.4kWh energy capacity per kg of total weight . This unit can easily be adapted as a power source for marine buoy and produce 35W of electrical energy for 6 months without any maintenance service .This system is ideal for different low power marine applications. |
| INTEGRATED SENSORS, INC.
502 Court St. Utica, NY 13502 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 798-1377
Mr. Walter Szczepanski NAVY 00-120 |
| Title: | Electronic Warfare Adaptive Spatial/Spectral Cancellation |
| Abstract: | Integrated Sensors Inc. proposes to develop and demonstrate techniques that effect practical, operationally meaningful, spatial and spectral nulls to mitigate interfering own-ship RF sources for high-resolution antennas used in shipboard electronic warfare systems as a way of maintaining high system performance within complex, dense RF tactical environments. A comprehensive Phase I and Phase II program is described with this goal in mind. Upon successful completion of the Phase I effort, ISI will have developed an architecture which will provide a practical spatial/spectral own-ship RFI cancellation approach. Computer simulations predicting performance against narrowband and wideband own-ship RFI will provide the primary validation mechanism. This effort will provide substantial evidence of feasibility by identifying techniques, requirements and system trades validating the approaches. Measures of performance and measures of effectiveness will be developed to provide a basis for performance comparison. Extension of existing simulations will provide validation and evidence of feasibility of the resultant spatial and spectral rejection techniques against own-ship emitters during the Phase I effort. The Phase II effort is designed to validate the Phase I design in laboratory and antenna range field tests using efficient signal processing techniques. The technology developed can become an integral part of many future EW and passive sensor designs for both military and commercial applications. A variety of applications for shipboard, airborne, spaceborne and ground based passive receive systems can significantly benefit. Commercial applications for communications systems will also benefit from this technology development. |
| ZEGER-ABRAMS, INC.
1112 Clark Road Glenside, PA 19038 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 576-5566
Mr. Burton S. Abrams NAVY 00-120 |
| Title: | Electronic Warfare Adaptive Spatial/Spectral Cancellation |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the investigation of several methods to suppress RF interference from own-ship RF transmissions that can affect the performance of next generation shipboard EW analysis systems. The principal area needing cosite RFI mitigation is the direction finding portion of the EW system. The methods include spatial rejection by adaptive array (sidelobe canceler) processing, adaptive cosite interference cancellation, adaptive tunable notch filtering, and baseband video processing. A program is proposed that will investigate alternative methods in order to select a preferred approach for subsequent implementation and testing in Phase II. Permit accurate direction finding of potentially hostile emitters in the presence of cosite, or remote interference in shipboard, terrestrial, or airborne EW systems. |
| LYNNTECH, INC.
7610 Eastmark Drive College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 693-0017
Dr. Alan Cisar NAVY 00-121 |
| Title: | Molten Salt Incineration for the Disposal of Food Wastes |
| Abstract: | When ships are at sea food waste can be disposed of by simply dumping it over the side. When they are in port the wastes must be either stored for later disposal or consigned to a commercial waste handler. Both of these options put limitations on the ships. The system proposed here will permit the ship to safely dispose of food waste in any location through closed incineration in a molten salt incinerator. An incinerator with a volume of 45 liters is sufficient to dispose of the waste produced by 400 sailors in a mess. A molten salt incinerator operates by rapidly heating the waste to a temperature between 700 and 1,000 øC in an oxidizing atmosphere through the use of a molten salt bath as a heat transfer agent. The waste is completely mineralized in seconds and the gases are ready to expel. Because the combustion is complete, the exhaust will meet air qual-ity standards in most areas. The development of the proposed molten salt incinerator will not only solve a growing problem for the U. S. Navy, it will offer an improved waste handling system for many of the 87,000 ships that ply the worlds navigable waters today. The same system that is proposed here for the Navy is suitable for use on cruise ships, permitting them to rapidly and efficiently dispose of food waste, even in environmentally sensitive areas such as Alaska's inland passage. |
| WASTECH INTERNATIONAL, INC.
210 West Road Portsmouth, NH 03801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 436-2809
Mr. Richard Edgar NAVY 00-121 |
| Title: | Galley Food Waste Disposal |
| Abstract: | In order to comply with environmetal regulations and maintain its operational effectiveness, the U.S. Navy must examine alternative technologies for galley waste treatment and disposal. Recent developments in sewage and gray water treatment systems have addressed numerous shipboard applications with the exception of the galley waste stream. WASTECH international, Inc. has developed a number of innovative and alternative treatment technologies that are directly applicable to the U.S. Navy's galley waste treatment needs. These treatment technologies are capable of eliminating solids and producing an effluent potentially suitable for overboard discharge. Under Phase I of this project, WASTECH proposes to determine the feasibility of utilizing WASTECH technology for sucessfully treating shipboard galley waste. WASTECH will conceptually design a prototype galley waste treatment system that will provide the most economical and efficient means of shipboard treatment of galley waste. WASTECH's treatment system involves the microwave incineration of solids, as well as ceramic filtration of effluent to significantly reduce the suspended solids concentrations of dischage effluent. It is expected that information obtained from this Phase I project will make it possible to design and build a galley waste treatment system for an appropriate class of ships under SBIR Phase II, with commercialization for other classes of ships under Phase III. WASTECH anticipates commercializing the galley waste treatment components developed under Phase I and Phase II of this proposal as part of its overall business plan to develop products for its residentialnad commercial markets including the military (both marine and land-based), commercial marine, and food service markets. |
| QORTEK, INC.
4121 Jacks Hollow Road Williamsport, PA 17702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(570) 745-3555
Mr. Bruce Bower NAVY 00-122 |
| Title: | Novel Breakers Utilizing Piezoresistive Composite Materials |
| Abstract: | This proposal introduces a dramatic departure from conventional switching technologies. Unlike conventional high-voltage - high load breakers or switchers, the new technology possesses no gapping so considerations of arc quenching and gap size are non-issues. Unlike conventional breakers used by the Navy, the proposed technology does not rely on any mechanical interrupt mechanism. The novel approach offers an order of magnitude higher interrupt speed than previously noted as achievable in the literature or in available product specifications for existing U.S. Navy breaker supplied equipment. Due to its inherent electrical (as opposed to conventional mechanical) operation, this technology is amenable to remote condition-based maintenance on board ship. Remote implemented high-speed computer commanded interrupt or 2nd or 3rd tier shipboard management systems operators can achieve reset. The interrupt and reset speed are only constrained by the load sensing technology. Recent advances such in high-speed current load sensing, including recent research by the Navy itself, now offer remarkably fast triggering capability that will enable ultrafast interrupt, thereby minimizing both thermo-mechanical shock at the breaker itself. The proposed research will leverage recent advances by QorTek Inc. and Penn State University in polymers actuator design, piezoelectronic power systems and digitally controlled condition-based maintenance. The proposed is being developed with no cost mechanical support from our commercial partner Protek-Viking (see attached letter). The proposed technology directly fits in the main business areas of both QorTek and Face Corporation. Protek-Viking is currently developing a major launch of piezo-actuated circuit breaker products with multiple pending patents on the designs. The proposed technology development is directly in-line with this product launch. |
| SPECTRUM RESEARCH CORP.
165 Jordan Road Troy, NY 12180 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 283-7660
Mr. Michael J. Ampela NAVY 00-122 |
| Title: | Shock Resistant Circuit Breakers Utilizing Smart Materials |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Navy has long recognized that ship survivability depends critically on the smooth, uninterrupted operation of all electrical and electronic subsystems. These include weapon systems, communication and navigational systems, radar, propulsion systems, electric-hydraulic systems, and virtually every electronic and computer based piece of equipment onboard. However, with over 4,346 conventional circuit breakers onboard a typical DDG, these represent multiple Achilles' heels in the presence of shock and vibration. A typical Naval shipboard circuit breaker contains both thermal and magnetic trip mechanisms which are known to false trigger in the presence of even relatively minor shock impacts. Spectrum Research Corporation proposes to develop a new generation of high reliability Naval circuit breakers based on smart materials. Through the integration of magnetostrictive actuators, rheological dampers, and embedded intelligence, it is possible to develop a circuit breaker that is immune to all but physically destructive shock impacts. A secondary objective is to provide for field reconfigurability such that authorized personnel may customize overload trip points upon installation. In addition to comprehensive solid modeling and simulation studies, the Phase I deliverables shall include a fully functional benchtop prototype. The anticipated benefit of the Phase I effort is the demonstration of an actively controlled circuit breaker that offers superior immunity to shock and vibration. In addition, the benefit of field reconfigurability will allow a single smart circuit breaker to replace a whole product line of conventional circuit breakers. These devices will be especially suitable for use in seismic applications and transportation vehicles. |
| DDL OMNI ENGINEERING LLC
8260 Greensboro Drive McLean, VA 22102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 492-6314
Mr. Joseph Hock NAVY 00-123 |
| Title: | Ship Mission Readiness Measurement System |
| Abstract: | An on-demand, automated readiness assessment product that objectively displays scored watch team performance across shipboard required combat systems mission areas while furnishing input to overall warfighting readiness assessment. Measurable criteria established focusing on Ship and Commanding Officer requirements will be evaluated relative to functional warfare area training requirements of FLTCINC, TYCOM and UNTL/NTTL, encompassing those discrete training objectives prescribed as training qualifications and certification standards. Assessment methodology focuses on graduated team performance over the IDTC Basic, Intermediate and Advanced phases as it progresses toward deployment certification. Incorporating diagnostic analysis to assess combat systems team performance shortfalls, it will provide remediation alternatives down to the individual skill level. Effects of simulated or actual combat systems degradations will be factored as they impact demonstrated team performance. Watch team mission readiness will be categorized using functional building blocks to examine specific performance within contributing warfare process elements. Governing measurable parameters developed will be tactical results based as extrapolated from TYCOM/ATG combat systems training objectives and as supported by data collection availability through passive taps. Prototype software GUI display using Windows technology will be a layered representation of each primary mission's functional building blocks depicting overall warfare performance relative to assessed combat systems team readiness. Automated performance assessment methodology could be specifically adapted to support broad commercial application where simulation/CBT based team training is used to teach a series of tasks or functional processes as essential ingredients for business success. Any production activity that, through task analysis, equates training achievement to measurable output could be assessed in terms of comparable performance readiness. Such areas might include power generation plant operation, manufacturing assembly processess, telemarketing, banking or sales promotion wherever definable objective performance standards are established. |
| DIGITAL SYSTEM RESOURCES, INC.
12450 Fair Lakes Circle Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 679-1210
Mr. Ted Moseley NAVY 00-123 |
| Title: | Ship Mission Readiness Measurement System |
| Abstract: | Current Naval training systems typically collect ground truth and operator performance data during training events. The data collected is usually a function of the particular training system used during the training event. Data generated from the training event is compiled into after-action debrief products. These after-action products often provide unrelated and uncorrelated data that would be extremely useful in assessing overall mission effectiveness if properly identified and meshed with other performance parameters. Currently, no measurement system exists that can both interface with various training systems and automatically collect and process mission effectiveness data in a consistent way across training events and training systems. DSR proposes to explore the feasibility of defining an architecture that combines contemporary training and readiness tools [i.e., Afloat Training Exercise and Management System (ATEAMS) and the training debrief capabilities of the Battle Force Tactical Training (BFTT) system], to support an automated Ship Mission Readiness Measurement system. This system will identify and record the readiness and performance attributes through measurable parameters for watch-station and watch-team performance. It will then collate relevant performance data to assess system and personnel performance. The goal is to achieve a more robust ship readiness assessment for use by all command structures. The benefits of this effort include the identification of an automated system capability to determine operator, watch-team, and unit readiness. The architecture for providing this capability will capitalize on the current data gathering functionality inherent in existing shipboard training systems. This type of capability can also be leveraged to other systems and environments where there is a need for individual, sub-team, and full-team training and assessment in other Navy, military branch, and private sector arenas. |
| MICRO ANALYSIS & DESIGN, INC.
4900 Pearl East Circle Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 482-6404
Mr. Clyde Wetteland NAVY 00-123 |
| Title: | Ship Mission Readiness Measurement System |
| Abstract: | Increased demands on the surface Navy coupled with force downsizing and other factors have made maintaining readiness a key issue. The goal of this project is to develop methods and supporting technologies for measuring readiness in the surface Navy. In Phase I, we will first determine a set of mission areas and functions that we will use for developing and demonstrating our readiness assessment and diagnosis methods and tools. We will also define constraints on the technology as a function of ship features and other practical issues that may limit our options. Finally, we will follow a process described in this proposal on the sample set of ship and crew functions to demonstrate how the methods and technologies assess crew readiness. This process includes the determination of tasks critical to function success, the identification of a smaller set of performance indicator tasks, task analysis and the development of measures of effectiveness on the performance indicator tasks, the development of automated and manual supporting technologies for assessment, and the development of a summary readiness assessment tool. At the end of Phase I, we will have tested this process and determined its practicality and utility in assessing crew and ship readiness. By being able to assess readiness objectively and efficiency, the Navy will be able determine deficiencies in readiness before a ship and crew goes on a mission for which they are unprepared. This could save lives and avoid international embarrassments. Additionally, the tools we propose to develop will provide diagnostic information that will help the ship and crew determine the best path to achieving better readiness as well as providing ways to measure progress along that path. |
| APOGEE ENGINEERING, INC.
6059 Mission Drive West Bloomfield, MI 48324 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(409) 297-2366
Mr. Gary Gardner, Sr., P.E. NAVY 00-124 |
| Title: | Aerosol Can Voiding Device |
| Abstract: | Apogee Engineering Inc. proposes to R&D a system for separating partially empty aerosol cans into: empty cans, plastic parts, residual liquid and volatile components. The approved disposal method is collection in steel drums, where one drum full of 150 cans is a drum of Excess Hazardous Waste for disposal onshore at costs averaging $2.83/can. Apogee proposes the separated components can be disposed of in an economical and environmentally safe manner for about $0.034/can. The complete system will consist of: improved can voiding device,volatile components management system, volatile component adsorption system and valve removal device for separating the plastic parts from metal parts. Principal investigator: Gary L. Gardner Sr.,P.E., chemical engineer with 40 years experience in diverse technologies.The R&D will establish, in partnership with the Navy, a design basis for the complete system. Existing systems allow excessive volatile components to escape into the immediate atmosphere of the systems and fail to separate the plastic components. A superior system with optional features will be developed that meets the needs of the Navy, other governmental agencies and the private sector. Optional designs allow marketing of less expensive models for entities not requiring the stringent Navy standards. Benefits to the Navy, as a result of this research and development,will be the design of a safer and easier to use aerosol can voiding/disposal system for use onboard ships. The system will: (1) puncture partially empty aerosol cans safely with zero exposure of the contents to the operator; (2) adsorb the hazardous components from the punctured aerosol cans, reducing emissions to essentially zero; (3) collect the liquid contents in a liquid containment drum for disposal as ordinary liquid waste; (4) separate the plastic containing valve assembly from the empty can so that the empty can and plastic components can be disposed of properly. The commercial applications are numerous and, most importantly, beneficial to the environment: minimizing co-mingled waste in landfills; minimizing release of volatile gasses into the atmosphere; minimizing waste by the cruise ship industry, the health care industry, the hotel/lodging industry and other similar industries. |
| LANCORP. ADVANCED ENGINEERING & SYSTEM
Suite B305 Pittsburgh, PA 15212 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 322-7646
Mr. Aaron Tompkins NAVY 00-124 |
| Title: | Aerosol Can Evacuation and Compaction Device for Shipboard Use |
| Abstract: | Due to the limited space onboard a naval vessel, new and improved methods must be investigated and developed to contain, handle, and store many types of waste products of which one is aerosol cans from personnel and maintenance. Manual aerosol can evacuating equipment exists, but our approach is to construct and test our automated can crusher/evacuator device that will evacuate the contents and then compact the cans to two inches in height. This will significantly reduce the amount of space needed for the storage of waste aerosol cans and the unit will operate off of ships power allowing for any user to just insert the can and close the door, leaving the crushing and evacuating to the unit, depositing waste fluid into one drum and ejecting the crushed can to another drum. This system will not only reduce the amount of space needed for waste storage, but it will also make it easier to contain and handle the waste products from the evacuated aerosol cans. The system will also be completely expandable with a variety of add-on options including an auto feeder for hands free operation. The system that is being proposed will have concrete benefits both functionally and economically the first benefit is that the space needed to store the waste will be reduced by an estimated 65% to 75%. This is a direct result from the compaction of the cans. The system is operator safe and more environmentally friendly than manual methods. The unit will be able to accommodate any size can. The scrap metal from the cans can be sold and thus the system is self-subsidizing. The hazardous waste costs will be reduced due to the fact that the metal from the cans is being removed as a component of the hazardous waste. The only hazardous waste will be the actual contents of the can. The waste will also be easy to handle since the can waste contents and the scrap cans can all be stored within 55-gallon drums. The unit will be very simple to operate and periodic cleaning will be the majority of the maintenance and up keep needed, taking minimal time for personnel to operate or maintain. All the components being mechanical will be easy to service and replace if necessary. The entire system will be easy to move, mount, and use. The options for the system can greatly make the system even more efficient and economically attractive to potential customers through automatic feeding of multiple cans, and automated batch processing. It is beneficial for private consumers who recycle as well as expanding the general municipal can recycling market for the public to now include aerosol cans. Larger units to handle the amount of municipal aerosol can waste, equipped with auto feeders, will allow for greater recycling capabilities for municipalities all over the country and the world. |
| CONTINENTAL CONTROLS & DEVICES, INC.
1921 N. Gaffey Suite J San Pedro, CA 90731 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 831-8669
Mr. James P. Hynes Jr. NAVY 00-125 |
| Title: | Low Hydrodynamic Drag Cable for Mine Countermeasures |
| Abstract: | In this topic we explore minimum drag towing cable configurations for underwater mine countermeasure equipment. The drag of the cable itself can be a significant portion of the overall system drag, and the goal is to determine, for a given mission (tow depth and speed), the best combination of cable length and sectional shape, through a constrained (volume) optimization process. This will allow a smaller/faster/cheaper system solution. We will demonstrate a flexible, animated real-time finite segment hydrodynamic model as a development tool, and partially validate it in Phase 1 with full scale testing of simple bodies towed from an instrumented planing craft at varying depth, speed, and cable length. This should answer the question: Is a `streamlined' cable better than a simple, long and smooth cylindrical one? If the shaped cable looks worthwhile, we will pursue a streamlined composite towing cable with an optimized profile and folding, trailing `fins' to prevent kiting. Cable drag is a major consideration in the fishing industry, the oil industry and other commercial interests which tow object through the water. Low drag cables would apply to any of these efforts. |
| INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-7130
Dr. George Voevodkin NAVY 00-126 |
| Title: | High Strength Fiber Optic Sensor Grating Arrays |
| Abstract: | IOS proposes to develop high strength fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor arrays by fabricating high-quality FBGs in the core of conventional optical fibers without removing their protective polymer coatings. In Phase I, IOS will fabricate gratings that have reflectivities of at least 5% for the target wavelength, a bandwidth (FWHM) of no more than 0.8 nm, sidebands more than 2 nm from the center and lower in reflectivity by at least 30 dB, and an insertion loss of less than 0.1 dB. IOS will also use this technique to form several fiber Bragg gratings on a single fiber. Each grating will have a designated wavelength in the 1530 nm to 1565 nm range, and will conform to its designated wavelength to within at least 0.1 nm. IOS will verify that the fiber strength is not degraded by the process used to impose the Bragg gratings. Success on this objective will be shown by demonstrating that the fiber can withstand a pressure of at least 300 ksi both before and after imposition of the gratings. Fiber Bragg grating arrays can be used as sensors to detect sound, strain, temperature, and a number of other important variables. These sensors can be deployed over great distances, without electromagnetic interference, in environments that are typically hostile to normal electronic gear. The fiber gratings to be developed in this project will have better optical performance, will be less expensive to fabricate, and will be more rugged than currently produced gratings. These high strength in-fiber gratings will find wide use in a variety of military, medical, research, and commercial applications in fiber sensors and telecommunications. |
| AEGIS TECHOLOGIES GROUP, INC.
6703 Odyssey Drive, Suite 200 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 876-4604
Mr. Mark Temmen DARPA 00-034 |
| Title: | Dynamic MEMS Based Photonic Bandgap Filter |
| Abstract: | Recent results have shown that photonic bandgap (PBG) technologies can be used to design structures that provide variable broadband filtering of light. Studies indicate that a filter can be designed such that a sharp contrast can be achieved between the "on" and "off" (transmission) state of the filter by changing the thickness of one or more layers within the structure. In addition, micro electromechanical system (MEMS) technologies are rapidly developing for a wide variety of uses. In particular, micro-miniature actuators have been demonstrated that can provide rapid relative motion between two surfaces. A unique opportunity now exists to combine these two technologies to provide a fast, reliable, electrically driven filter that can be fully integrated with current focal plane array technologies. This proposal addresses the development of a fast filter for operation at 3-5 micron wavelengths. The device can be easily tailored for use in the LWIR (8-12 micron) waveband. This technology has applications in military and commercial sensor systems and optical systems that require rapid, electrically driven broadband filtering of light. The technology is particularly suitable for biomedical and space based applications that require small, lightweight filters. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Dr. Joel L. Berg DARPA 00-035 |
| Title: | Traction Management System |
| Abstract: | Current robotic platforms lack the versatility in mobility that is required to fulfill future semi-autonomous missions. Although many creative developments have been introduced that enable robots to mimic insects, crustaceans, reptiles, etc. in terms of locomotion, that work has largely focused on specialization rather than versatility. Missing is a means to incorporate multiple forms of complementary locomotion so that platforms can take advantage of each modality's strengths without suffering from their weaknesses. Creare proposes a traction management system (TMS) that uses a robot's suite of organic sensors to determine the optimal modality in real-time, autonomously, and on a continual basis. Creare's TMS enables a platform with multiple forms of locomotion to expand its range of autonomous mobility to the superset of the modalities involved. Phase I will develop the TMS and prove the feasibility of the concept with a hardware demonstration. Creare is well suited for this work; with considerable experience in hardware and software development, signal processing, robotic control systems, and extensive facilities. The proposed innovation greatly expands the autonomous mobility of robotic platforms through a system that provides an intelligent bridge between the platform's organic sensors and its multiple forms of locomotion. Higher autonomy provides reliability during periods of lost communications, and enables missions that demand stealthy maneuvers. Higher autonomy also permits a broader range of missions in which real-time human-assisted navigation and obstacle-avoidance cannot be provided; such as remote explorations, security inspections, search and rescue activities in rural and urban settings, the delivery of blasting explosives, etc. Furthermore, the automotive industry could benefit from the traction management system to optimize comfort and fuel efficiency while providing traction when needed. |
| UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
510 Clearwater Loop, #2 Post Falls, ID 83854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(208) 777-4736
Mr. John Cranney DARPA 00-035 |
| Title: | Compliant Surface Robotics |
| Abstract: | This proposal seeks to conduct exploratory research to develop hybrid locomotion techniques that enable a wide range of traction capabilities at small scale to achieve the Compliant Surface Robotics (CSR) goals. The concepts we intend to examine extend current capabilities of wheeled vehicles into "morphable" articulated systems, with overdetermined legs, feet or other motive actuation and that can traverse otherwise impassable surfaces. The uniqueness of our proposal is our: - breadth of kinematic exploration of variable volume techniques - utilization of a MEMS-based, "from the ground up" custom design methodology (MEMS - Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) - utilization of electro active polymer technologies in several of our concepts to develop systems that transform between configurations to comply with the current surface terrain. Our goal is to build a system that is back packable (~5 kg) and supports two phases of operation by transforming from one kinematic configuration to the other, each tuned for the appropriate operational phase, which are: INITIAL PHASE (0 - 10+ miles range). Transit over hard pack ground to light gravel or dirt, desire higher speed transit (20+ kph), stealth of track left (if any) is not critical. FINAL PHASE (0 to several miles). Mission Configuration ("Loiter, Survey, Recon &/or Deliver Payload" , over mushy surfaces from sand, to light snow, at lower speed (0 to 10 kph, and the need to leave "no track" or a "bio-track" that does not appear man made, but appears animal like for the indigenous locale. small robots that are robust to ground surface terrain, including otherwise impassable terrain such as soft snow, deep mud, swamp land, will provide considerable enhancement to Search and Rescue efforts for many applications. Moreover, the development of MEMS integrated designs to support the goals herein will have a broad range of applicability in many aspects of commerce and industry. |
| IAP RESEARCH, INC.
2763 Culver Avenue Dayton, OH 45429 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 296-1806
Dr. Bhanumathi Chelluri DARPA 00-036 |
| Title: | Novel Meta Materials for Microwave Power Applications Processed Using Innovative Approach |
| Abstract: | Development of magnetic materials for microwave power applications over a broad frequency range requires careful control of magnetic and loss properties. High frequency (microwave) losses are dominated by eddy current and anomalous losses and therefore strongly dependent on materials resistivities. While, the low resistivity of cubic Mn-Zn and Ni-Zn (Cu) ferrites have made them the materials of choice for microwave antennas and power converters, ferrites are inferior to magnetic metals and alloys because of their low Ms values. We propose to fabricate tailored composite materials from ferromagnetic Fe and FeCo particles to optimize loss and dispersion over a broad range of microwave frequencies. Three innovations are combined to achieve this goal: Since microwave losses are confined to the skin depth, we will process Fe and FeCo powders whose particle size (~100nm) is smaller than this characteristic depth. Produce composite material of enhanced resistivity (lower eddy current losses) using suitable dielectric coatings. Compact composite powders to full density using Dynamic Magnetic Compaction (DMC) process to retain microstructure of original powders. In order to maximize their magnetic susceptibility the compacts will be magnetically deformed to transform spherical particles to oblate spheroids. The composite materials of superior microwave properties will result in smaller and more efficient radar and telecommunications systems for both military and commercial industry. |
| INFRAMAT CORP.
20 Washington Avenue North Haven, CT 06473 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 234-8024
Dr. Yide Zhang DARPA 00-036 |
| Title: | Nanostructured Metal/Insulator for High Performance Microwave Application |
| Abstract: | DARPA seeks innovative processes for fabricating novel composite materials exhibiting microwave properties superior to conventional ferrites in antenna or rectenna applications. At microwave frequencies (> 1 GHz), ferrites are used in microwave devices and media. Ferrites have been used in soft magnetic applications for five decades without major innovation despite significant power loss as the key factor limiting the miniaturization of magnetic devices. InframatO Corporation proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of exploiting novel soft magnetic nanocomposite materials for significantly improved performance in microwave applications. Insulator (SiO2 or polymer) coated Co nanoparticles will be chemically synthesized using Inframat's economically viable aqueous solution method. The synthesized metal/insulator nanocomposite will be consolidated into desired magnetic component shapes, tested, and compared with conventional ferrite materials in the microwave frequency range for performance. The design of the Co/SiO2 nanocomposite is based on exchange coupling, a quantum effect taking place between neighboring nanoparticles. The Co/SiO2 nanocomposite is expected to possess higher permeability, higher electrical resistivity, higher Curie temperature, and lower core loss than ferrite materials. This advancement can be useful in an entire series of magnetic nanomaterials, including Fe-, Fe-Ni-, or Fe-B-based magnet/insulator- nanocomposites, which is expected to have a major impact on the electronics industry. Commercial applications of the proposed technology include: microwave antenna or rectennas, high frequency electronic parts made by ferrites, such as inductors, chokes, sensors, core-shape transformers, ultra high radio frequency telecommunications, planar transformers, and hybrid circuits. Other applications include telecommunications, industrial electronics, computers, entertainment, automotive, and multimedia equipment. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC.
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4270
Dr. Daniela Marciu Topasna DARPA 00-036 |
| Title: | Thin Film Tunable Dielectrics for Microwave Applications |
| Abstract: | Thin film ferroelectric materials are being heavily studied for potential applications as electrically tunable microwave devices including resonators, filters, and phase shifters. Phase shifters play an essential role in phased array antennas, for example. As opposed to the conventional ferrite-based devices, which rely on magnetic fields to vary the magnetic permeability of the material, ferroelectric devices possess an electric permittivity (or, correspondingly, dielectric constant) that is varied by an applied electric field. Electrical rather than magnetic tunability allows more compact and power-efficient devices. Thin film ferroelectrics have further advantages over bulk ferroelectrics in that they operate at lower voltages. Work on ferroelectric materials for microwave applications has concentrated primarily on ceramics such as barium strontium titanate. In this Phase I SBIR project, Luna will develop a new class of materials for electrically tunable microwave device applications that are based on organic polymers rather than ceramic ferroelectric materials. These films are easily fabricated using the simple spin-coating technique. The advantages of polymers include low cost, good processability, low dielectric constant and loss tangent, and the versatility of a wide range of potential materials that can be optimized for a given device through organic synthesis. This technology would revolutionize the fabrication of microwave switching and phase shifting components by reducing size, cost and power requirements while improving performance compared to existing component technologies. |
| NANOSONIC, INC.
P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-1785
Dr. Kristie L. Cooper DARPA 00-036 |
| Title: | Molecular Level Self-Assembly of Magnetic Metamaterials |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the proposed DARPA SBIR program is to demonstrate the feasibility of forming artificial ferrite materials for next generation microwave frequency electromagnetic field control devices. NanoSonic, Virginia Tech and a major U.S. materials and instrumentation company would work cooperatively to investigate molecular-level self-assembly methods to form magnetic nanocomposite metamaterials compatible with microwave frequency waveguide and antenna structures. Such self-assembly processes allow the incorporation of multiple molecules into a unified multilayered or three-dimensionally structured material with macroscopic properties different from those of the individual initial molecular species. NanoSonic has demonstrated the ability to form such self-assembled nanocomposites and to control their optical, magnetic, electronic, mechanical and other macroscopic functional behaviors through design at the molecular level. In particular, we have demonstrated the ability to form magnetic nanocluster-based materials that exhibit giant magnetoresistance and control over permeability and magnetization properties. During the Phase I program we will study how such self-assembly processes may be extended to incorporate a wide range of molecules, determine design rules relating molecular and macroscopic magnetic properties, and form and evaluate initial prototype materials. This will allow us to design and fabricate specific artificial ferrite device components for evaluation for specific applications during Phase II. Metamaterials offer new opportunities for the design and implementation of electronic, optical, magnetic and other devices with functional properties not obtainable using native materials alone. Magnetic ferrite nanocomposite devices have immediate and widespread military and commercial applications in mobile and portable radio systems, antenna systems and microwave engineering devices, including isolators, rotators, circulators, phase shifters, mixers and parametric amplifiers. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Dr. S. Pickard DARPA 00-037 |
| Title: | Low Cost Net Shape Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) matrix composites by Combined Stir Casting and High Pressure Die Casting |
| Abstract: | Die-castable Bulk Metallic glasses (BMG) which can retain amorphous structure at low cooling rates of 10-100K/second have recently been developed based on Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni+Be and Mg-Cu-Y systems amongst others. To increase utility of BMG applications and overcome inherently low ductility and catastrophic failure, composite approaches are needed for the BMG materials where a fine particulate/fiber filler is incorporated into the glassy matrix to homogenize deformation activity and increase ductilty and fracture toughness. MER will incorporate both fine submicron particle dispersions of SiC and milled Carbon fibers into Mg-Cu-Y based BMG using a stir casting route followed by high pressure die casting to eliminate porosity and retain amorphous structure. Strength and ductility of the resulting BMG composites will be assessed to determine commercial potential of the new material BMG matrix composites have a multitude of potential uses due to high strength to weight ratio, increased corrosion resistance and good toughness, in automotive, marine and aerospace arenas. |
| NANOMAT, INC.
1061 Main Street North Huntingdon, PA 15642 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(724) 861-6120
Dr. Weifang Miao DARPA 00-037 |
| Title: | Al-Mg Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys for Structural Applications |
| Abstract: | Amorphous alloys have many highly desirable properties, such as high strength, high hardness, excellent erosion and corrosion resistance. These properties make amorphous alloys ideally suited for a wide variety of structural applications. Aluminum- and magnesium-based amorphous alloys also have the merit of low density. The strength of these alloys would be comparable to that of high-strength steel but with only a fraction of the weight. Therefore, they are particularly interesting candidates for applications in land, sea, air and space vehicles. Thus, aluminum- and magnesium-based amorphous materials are an opportunity of considerable importance. However, the widespread applications of these amorphous alloys are greatly hindered by the lack of a commercial source of bulk amorphous alloys. In this Phase I research, Nanomat, Inc. will develop a process to produce bulk amorphous alloys in an efficient and cost- effective way. The synthesis and structure of these alloys will be evaluated. During Phase I, Nanomat, Inc. will also preliminarily characterize the mechanical properties of these bulk amorphous alloys. Aluminum- and magnesium-based bulk amorphous alloys can be used for many structural applications, especially where the combination of high strength and lightweight is necessary. Such applications include structural components for land, sea, air and space vehicles, and armor systems. Application of these alloys can also be found in automotive, chemical, manufacturing, and construction industries. The application of these alloys will significantly improve energy efficiencies and reduce environmental impact. |
| QUESTEK INNOVATIONS LLC
1820 Ridge Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 425-8220
Dr. Gregory B. Olson DARPA 00-037 |
| Title: | Damage Tolerant Amorphous Metal Alloys |
| Abstract: | QuesTek proposes to develop a consistent modeling approach that incorporates SRO effects into thermodynamic, viscosity, diffusivity, and atomic volume anomalies in Al liquids. These fundamental quantities will be applied to classical steady-state nucleation theory to predict the kinetics of crystallization from the supercooled liquid. This model for glass formability will then be combined with existing materials design models to design novel fully devitrified L12 strengthened Al alloys. The alloy must pass through the glassy state to achieve a high fraction of fine scale L12 for strength and be fully devitrified to provide ductility and fracture toughness. The Phase I program will demonstrate the capability of the glass formability model and complete and test a conceptual design for a high-temperature Al alloy. The anticipated benefit of this program is the development of high-strength high-temperature Al alloys. Such alloys would provide lighter weight and higher temperature capability in structural members for aerospace components that may currently be accomplished with more costly MMCs or heavier weight materials. This has the opportunity to reduce manufacturing costs for these components and provide higher thrust-weight performance in aeropropulsion in both military and civilian aircraft. Longer-term commercial applications may include automotive markets as well. The fundamental modeling developed in this program could be extended to Fe, Zr, Ti and other alloy systems, accelerating development and reducing the cost for these alloys as well. |
| MODUS OPERANDI, INC.
122 Fourth Avenue Indialantic, FL 32903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 984-3370
Mr. Michael Winburn DARPA 00-038 |
| Title: | Active Response Technology (ART) |
| Abstract: | Modus Operandi and Professor Sushil Jajodia propose an innovative approach - called the Intrusion Isolation Virtual Network (IIVN) - that takes a pro-active defense posture to intercept, track, redirect, and respond to system intrusions. IIVN assists in gaining intelligence on the source, identity and goals of an intruder and provides an informative view of the intruder's actions. This information is used to formulate a set of responses and to recommend alternative courses of action to decision-makers. IIVN is a virtual space that represents a network topology, complete with various services that are commonly found in an information system environment. IIVN's virtual network is a single computer with multiple IP addresses, running virtual services that seem legitimate when viewed from the Internet. IIVN implements techniques to isolate and confine intruders and possible damage to the information system from an attack. However, instead of providing services that may/will have vulnerabilities, IIVN provides an emulation of systems and services by supplying request/response actions that take place in a real system and that would be expected by an intruder during an actual system intrusion. This allows tracking and possible identification of the attacker without exposure to the inherent vulnerabilities of actual system services. Vulnerabilities and intrusions into military systems have their counterparts in commercial and other government organizations. Intellectual property, trade secrets, monetary transactions, and the ability to do commerce are all at risk from cyber attacks. The IIVN system adds one more level of defense toward a comprehensive security solution. The IIVN system assists in tracking, identifying and prosecution of intruders, as well as, protecting information systems from damage using isolation and confinement techniques. All branches of the military, corporations that are vulnerable to industrial espionage, from the outside and from within, banking and financial institutions, and other entities identified in the report by the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection can benefit from this technology. |
| ODYSSEY RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 257-1975
Dr. Frank Adelstein DARPA 00-038 |
| Title: | ASTER: Active Smart Targets for Effective Response |
| Abstract: | Current technology for defense against coordinated computer system attacks is passive, trying to perform analyses on attack fragments with limited information. One major problem is that the relationship between fragments-for example, the relationship between a port scan and a later buffer overflow attack-is unknown. The defenders' lack of information about the overall structure of an attack hampers attack assessment and response. In this Phase I SBIR, we propose to create Active Smart Targets (ASTs), which feed "marked cards" to attackers during the reconnaissance phase of an attack. The marked cards serve both to identify later phases of the attack, regardless of how many IP addresses are used, and to influence the attacker's choice of target machines, possibly away from valuable resources. By identifying all IP addresses involved in an attack, the AST approach facilitates early warning, attack assessment, including attack redirection and countermeasures. The main benefits of this technology are twofold. First, when used in conjunction with existing security mechanisms, this can provide enhanced protection and earlier warning of vulnerable systems with lower false alarms than is currently possible. Second, attackers can be identified and redirected away from important systems. The main beneficiaries of this technology are sites with large installations of systems, which have a high risk of attack. Commercial applications of this are applications for administrators of such large systems to provide a higher level of protection. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. Joao B.D. Cabrera DARPA 00-039 |
| Title: | Intelligent Active Profiling for Detection and Intent Inference of Insider Threat in Information Systems |
| Abstract: | The Phase I effort will investigate the utilization of Machine Learning (ML) and Statistical techniques for active detection and intent inference of malicious insider activity. These data-driven techniques will be combined with domain knowledge at two levels. At the bottom level, the raw data of system calls and commands will be coded into a more semantically meaningful vocabulary. At the top level, domain knowledge will be used to set up a hierarchical structure for fusing the detection blocks, and for ranking the detections according to lethality. ML and Statistical methods will enable the following capabilities: (1) Sensitivity to the temporal relation among events; (2) Reasoning with intermediate degrees-of-belief; (3) Adaptive Thresholding according to variations in the environment; and (4) Optimal combination of multiple detection systems. Aprisma Management Technologies (manufacturer of SPECTRUM) will provide consulting in network management and network security, and access to real datasets. These datasets will be obtained on a research testbed combining SPECTRUM, and attending systems management software. Professor Wenke Lee from North Carolina State University will provide consulting in machine learning and computer security. The best techniques will be further developed on Phase II, where schemes for active monitoring and response will be designed and prototyped. The National Center for Computer Crime Data reports that malicious activities from Insiders is responsible for far more damage to Information Systems than attacks from outside. Protecting institutional networks from malicious activity accounts for about 25 billion US dollars each year. 95 percent of the DoD communications pass through the National Information Infrastructure (NII) at some point. The proposed technology has the potential to provide the NII with a much needed capability for detecting malicious activity from Insiders. |
| ODYSSEY RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 257-1975
Dr. Matt Stillerman DARPA 00-040 |
| Title: | Efficient Code Certification for Open Firmware |
| Abstract: | Maliciously constructed boot firmware is a threat to our information infrastructure that has largely been ignored. Boot firmware controls the power-up procedure initializing a computer's hardware and loading its run-time system. This code, embedded in all third-party device drivers, can easily be corrupted and then exploited to undermine security engineering and enforcement implemented at the operating system, protocol, application, or enterprise levels. Authentication techniques (e.g., digital signatures) provide limited protection by ensuring the provenance of the firmware. Efficient Code Certification (ECC), the technique we propose, can establish the trustworthiness of code regardless of its origin. ECC guarantees certain dynamic safety properties of compiled code by performing efficient static checks. A single ECC module would verify the safety of all boot firmware (before it is run) every time a system is booted. It relies on a certifying compiler that produces particularly well-structured code, so that a verifier can perform the static checks. The user need only trust the verifier, a particularly simple program that can be persuasively validated by inspection. By applying ECC to boot firmware based on the widely used Open Firmware standard (IEEE-1275) we can provide an effective countermeasure to potentially devastating attacks. At the end of this project we will have a practical new technique for detecting malicious code in boot firmware. Our result, based on direct examination of the code for safety properties, will be complementary to existing and proposed schemes that employ digital signatures. Our technique is targeted at Open Firmware, which is an IEEE standard for boot firmware, and will be able to detect malicious fcode programs within such systems. |
| BIOPRAXIS, INC.
PO Box 910078 San Diego, CA 92191 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 452-2413
Ms. Ann E. Grow DARPA 00-041 |
| Title: | Analysis and Simulation of Integrated Microsystems for Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents |
| Abstract: | CBW agent detection is an exceptionally challenging problem, since the threat ranges from low molecular-weight CW agents, bioregulators, and nonpeptide toxins, to protein toxins, to microorganisms; and the biomolecules needed for their detection are just as diverse. Biosensors integrated with microfluidic devices (bio-microsystems) offer the potential to significantly improve speed, sensitivity, efficiency, and affordability. However, the development of such systems requires a detailed understanding of fundamental biomolecular binding processes which, in turn, requires empirical data. Few tools are available for studying molecular recognition interactions in real time, directly, without the use of labels or tags. Under PhaseÿI, Biopraxis will demonstrate the feasibility of using a new technology that offers the potential to study the binding interactions of virtually any biomolecule-target pair, directly, even when targets as small as ammonium and cyanide are involved; study the competitive binding and displacement interactions of multiple, cross-reactive targets; and evaluate the impact of the microenvironment (e.g., localized extremes in pH, ion concentration, and temperature) on biomolecule activity. The binding rate data produced by this new approach will be readily interpreted for use in developing and applying numerical tools for component-level design of bio-microsystems. By the end of PhaseÿII, the DARPA SBIR will yield (1)ÿsoftware with enhanced binding assay simulations capable of modeling interactions involving cross-reactive targets, and the impact of microfluidic environments on biomolecule performance; and (2)ÿan open data base on biomolecular recognition processes, including data on the impact of competitive binding and displacement interactions. The tools that will come out of the program will be of exceptional value to the bio microsystems industry, including not only the defense, security, and counter-terrorism sectors, but also the in vitro diagnostics and drug development and delivery sectors. In particular, the program will lead directly to the development of systems for high-throughput screening of molecular binding interactions, most notably the binding of very small molecules, which will have a significant impact on pharmaceutical discovery. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4800
Dr. Mahesh M. Athavale DARPA 00-041 |
| Title: | Multiscale Design Tools for Non-Homogeneous Microfluidic Biochips with Electronic/Optical Readout |
| Abstract: | Nonhomogeneous-flows of media carrying macroparticles and macromolecules are routinely encountered in bioanalytical and biodetection microsystems. These fluids interact with different fields for detection and transduction. Comprehensive modeling tools for these flows will find tremendous use in design validation, performance and optimization of the next-generation bio-systems. We propose to develop multi-scale modeling tools for macroparticle and macromolecule- laden flows in microdevices under the influence of hydrodynamic, thermal, chemical, AC/DC electric, optical and electromagnetic fields. A two-level development effort is proposed. High-fidelity simulations of the particle dynamics will be performed using an existing, novel, level set formulation. A large number of individual particles are tracked in this method and effects of macroparticles on the flowfield are calculated. In Phase I part of the work the level set methodology will be extended to include particle-particle and particle-wall interactions with stiction as well as particle interaction with electric fields. The high-dimensional results will be used to generate global parameters (drag, mobility). to be used with reduced scale models and point-based particle tracking models. In Phase II the methodology will be extended to include interaction with optical, chemical and electromagnetic fields used for detection and transduction. Detailed models of macromolecules/DNA will be developed and implemented for global property predictions for use with high-fidelity and reduced scale models. This suite of prediction tools will significantly impact the design process of the new generation of biosystems through design validation, performance prediction and design optimization. The tolls will be extremely useful to the teams working on DARPA BioFlips and other programs as well as leading commercial producers of micro-bioanalytic and biodetection systems. These tools will also find extensive use in other fields dealing with nonhomogeneous flows, such as particle sepa-rators, chemical reactors. |
| INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-7130
Dr. Z. Z. Ho DARPA 00-041 |
| Title: | Microsystem Simulation of Optical-Based Biochip |
| Abstract: | The total integration of micro/nano-systems with several different technologies (such as chemistry, biology, fluidics, electronics, optics, mechanics, etc.) on the chip scale presents a daunting challenge for engineers and scientists. There are currently no computational modeling tools that can simulate fundamental experimental measurements and predict microsystem performance over a range of operating conditions. Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc., with its unique combination of skills in biolayer deposition, optical waveguide biosensor design, and high-accuracy modeling of the collection and propagation of optical energy in guided-wave systems, proposes to develop a highly innovative optical biochip microsystem computation model (MCM). The proposed optical biochip modeling system will provide a method for researchers to develop a quantitative understanding of the interaction between the guided light, optical waveguide cahnnels, and biological layers, will and also provide a tool for the routine analysis and design of integrated optic microsystems. The primary goals of this Phase I effort will be to obtain a quantitative characterization of 1) the integrated optic chip configuration, 2) the bio-molecular recognition process, and 3) the transduction of the molecular recognition signal into an optical signal. Integrated microsystems have become the new generation of bio-medical and military analytical devices. The proposed MCM technology will lead to the development of new sensing devices and applications. Significant potential markets include chemical and biological warfare agent detection, medical diagnostics, high throughput drug screening, environmental monitoring, chemical process control, and food process control. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORP.
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 891-0070
Dr. Mark E. Fraser DARPA 00-041 |
| Title: | Virtual Instrument Development and Test Suite (VIDTS) |
| Abstract: | There is an urgent need for fast, man-portable point chemical and biological agent detection technologies for both civilian and military applications. Microsystems employing high volume air samplers integrated with microfluidics and highly specific detectors show great promise but many issues need to be resolved to develop this new lab-on-a-chip technologies. To facilitate the development process, MRC will develop a Web-based, expert-assisted graphical user interface called a "Virtual Instrument Development and Test Suite". This comprehensive software package will encompass fundamental sensor component physics and scaling laws, full sensor and sensor system modeling, functional requirements definition and CONOPS models. The finished product will be compatible with the Virtual Proving Ground. MRC will perform the project in collaboration with the New Jersey Institute of Technology and the City College of New York. The Phase I program will develop the prototype software with specific emphasis on dielectrophoresis separation of bioagents from natural species with Raman detection. Phase II will incorporate the full range of microsystem configurations from sample collection to detection and will include key supporting experimental measurements. At the end of the program, the completed software will be compiled on a CD-ROM and made available to technology developers and the Virtual Proving Ground. We anticipate a limited number of sales of the VIDTS software to biological and chemical agent technology developers. A broader market will result from the extension of this technology to other systems engineering applications. |
| ASTRALUX, INC.
2500 Central Ave. Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 413-1440
Dr. J. I. Pankove DARPA 00-042 |
| Title: | Integrated Device Cooling Based on Hot Electron Emission |
| Abstract: | In 1941 Nottingham( 1) proposed that the emission of electrons at some energy lower than the Fermi level would represent a net energy loss resulting in cooling of the emitter. Recent experiments and calculations by Miskovsky, et al.( 2) and by Shakouri, et al.( 3) suggest that heat extraction by electron field emission is capable of a cooling power in excess of 100 W/cm2. Their experiments consisted of field emission from a microtip or through a thin barrier between a cathode and an anode so that the electrons exited at a potential energy lower than the Fermi level in the cathode. In this proposal, the "Nottingham cooling" will be greatly enhanced by separating the cathode and the anode by a thin vacuum layer that thermally isolates the two electrodes. The active device or integrated circuit (IC) to be cooled will be fabricated in a wide bandgap semiconductor chip having one surface treated to exhibit negative electron affinity (NEA).( 4) This surface will be a cold cathode emitting hot electrons to be collected by an external anode. This arrangement should be most effective in cooling the active device or IC because it separates the cooling function from the optoelectronic functions. The proposed effort will lead to a compact mostly solid state refrigerator coupled to an electronic or optoelectronic device. Such a refrigerator will be light and portable and will not require consumables because only electric energy will be needed. The electric power can come from solar cells or fuel cells that are already present for energizing other equipment. This refrigerator will be suitable for space applications. Since no mechanical pump is involved, the proposed refrigerator will be quiet and long-lasting. It will find numerous laboratory applications that will spin off many other new commercial products. |
| MICROOPTICAL ENGINEERING CORP.
33 Southwest Park Westwood, MA 02090 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 326-8111
Dr. Noa M. Rensing DARPA 00-043 |
| Title: | Compact Integrated MEMS Devices and Package Solutions for Fiber-Optic Network Switches |
| Abstract: | The use of optical rather than electronic switches can help resolve bottlenecks in fiber-optic data networks. MicroElectroMechanical (MEMS) components offer an opportunity to reduce the size and cost of these switches. However, assembly, optical performance, and packaging considerations can still limit the price/ performance point of the switches. We propose developing a switching system using single crystal silicon MEMS mirrors with superior optical and mechanical properties. The bulk etch step used to fabricate them will also be used to incorporate other optical and mechanical alignment features on the same chip, guaranteeing the alignment of the optical system. The rest of the optical system along with mating mechanical alignment features will be molded into the device package. Thus the performance will be high the cost of fabrication low, and the process of assembly and packaging can be streamlined, reducing the cost and size of the final part. Optical performance will benefit from the superior mirror surfaces, improved alignment, and reduced optical path length. These switches will be particularly suitable for temporary or portable local area networks (LAN's), where cost, size, and power consumption are critical factors. The proposed switch makes optical switching practical in installations where larger and more expensive switches cannot be justified or supported. Its small size, low cost, and low power consumption will be beneficial in portable or temporary installations of local area networks in vehicles, at military encampments, or in crisis response centers. It addresses a market segment that is not well served by existing or other developing technologies. |
| SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
3490 U.S. Route 1 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 520-0610
Dr. J. Christopher Dries DARPA 00-044 |
| Title: | A 160 Gigabit/sec Fiber Optic Receiver Array |
| Abstract: | Sensors Unlimited will develop and deliver a 16-channel optical receiver array for use in wavelength division multiplexed optical networks. The receivers will consist of monolithic InGaAs photodiode arrays hybridized to monolithic GaAs transimpedance amplifier arrays. The receivers will be designed to operate at 10 Gbps/channel, resulting in an aggregate data rate of 160 Gbps for a 16-channel receiver. The use of InGaAs photodiodes will result in responsivities > 0.9 A/W at 1.55 æm, with bandwidths exceeding 10 GHz. The GaAs transimpedance amplifiers will be fabricated using a commercial GaAs foundry process on a 250 æm amplifier pitch. Thus, the amplifiers may be wirebonded to the photodiodes without incorporating a microwave fanout. Additionally, the 250 æm pitch enables relatively simple mating to commercially available 250 æm pitch singlemode fiber ribbon cable. Challenges of the program include the elimination of crosstalk among the channels of the receiver array, and the design and fabrication of the transimpedance amplifier array. The InGaAs photodiode arrays will be fabricated using Sensors Unlimited's standard backside illuminated focal plane array process with 30 æm diameter photodiodes. The bandwidth requirements for the Internet double every 4 months. Higher data rates and channel counts are required for optical networks to keep up with this demand. Our marketing studies predict a 1st year market of $10 million, rising to over $100 million in 3 years, after commercial introduction of a 160 Gbps receiver array. Furthermore, the size and weight of the array-based components are greatly reduced, increasing the feasibility of their use in military communications systems. Multiple channel receivers enable link redundancy, in addition to providing very wide (10 Gbps) bandwidth data links. Commercial applications for the receiver array include O-E conversion in optical cross connects, high bit rate parallel optic data links, and replacement and sparing for currently fielded optical receivers. The proposed receiver will reduce cost and space requirements over 10x when brought to market. |
| ELECTROSYNTHESIS CO., INC.
72 Ward Road Lancaster, NY 14086 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 684-0513
Dr. Peter M. Kendall DARPA 00-045 |
| Title: | Neutralization or Decontamination of Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents |
| Abstract: | This proposal presents means to render ineffective and non-lethal aerosolized biological agents released in a building, either during an attack or after the event, with minimal damage to occupants or the building surfaces. Certain organoiodine-based salts are known to destroy bacteria, molds, spores, and some viruses at very low concentrations. These salts are very effective, both in dry form and in aqueous solution. At the same time, the toxicity to mammalian life is low. Commercial disinfectants were contemplated in patents related to their use, but never implemented due to the high cost of synthesis by conventional means. A relatively inexpensive electrochemical synthesis route, patented and demonstrated on a pilot scale for a few of these salts, is proposed to prepare a number of biologically active candidate neutralization/decontamination salts. Candidate samples would be tested on simulant organisms in Phase I. Biological neutralization agents could find use in treating hospital air to eliminate airborne pathogens, including Pseudomonas bacteria, without adding chemicals to the air stream. The salts could be used to decontaminate housing after floods and could be used to prevent mildew and other spore-generated microbial infestations on surfaces. The salts may have application to kill nematodes and disrupt attachment of mollusks to water inlets and ship hulls. |
| TDA RESEARCH, INC.
12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 940-2355
Dr. William L. Bell DARPA 00-045 |
| Title: | System to Protect Building Occupants from Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents |
| Abstract: | Government buildings may become contaminated by chemical or biological weapons either by drawing contaminants in from a contaminated environment or by discharge of a CB weapon from within the building. In either case, the CB weapon aerosol would rapidly spread throughout the building and cause serious health risk to the building personnel. TDA Research, Inc., (TDA) proposes a decontaminant system that will neutralize all common chemical and biological weapons, without producing corrosive byproducts or damaging Government property. The system can also be operated without endangering unprotected personnel within the building during decontamination. Furthermore, the system is safe and inexpensive and is easily incorporated into a building's HVAC system using commercially available technology. This system will protect government buildings and personnel from chemical and biological attacks, thereby increasing the productivity of personnel working in a contaminated environment. Additionally, this system would also have dual use potential in abatement of building contaminants, such as the combination of factors (toxic substances, allergens, pathogens) that have been reported to cause sick-building syndrome. |
| ZOEIC TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
101 West Sixth Street Austin, TX 78701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Dr. John G. Bruno DARPA 00-045 |
| Title: | Aptamer Spray for CBW Agent Neutralization and Decontamination |
| Abstract: | Zoeic Technologies (Zoeic) proposes to develop an anti-Chemical and Biological Warfare (CBW) agent spray composed of a cocktail of different specific DNA aptamers. The proposed sprayable aptamers will be developed by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) against a variety of CB agents high on the potential threat list. The spray will be nontoxic and harmless to building surfaces with a long shelf life in aerosol cans. Simple tight binding to most toxins is sufficient for neutralization, however, aptamers with enzymatic activity (aptazymes) can also be engineered to breakdown CBW agents into harmless substances. In Phase I, Zoeic proposes to generate a set of specific DNA aptamers to bind nonpathogenic Bacillus subtilis (BG) spores and horseradish peroxidase (HRPO; as a model biotoxin). Aptamers will be tested for their ability to halt spore germination and inhibit HRPO activity. Zoeic will also examine the feasibility of applying aptamers in a sprayable form. In Phase II, Zoeic will add more anti-CBW agent aptamers to the cocktail formulation, and demonstrate their utility in a contaminated area. Clearly first reponders to any potential bioterrorist activity will require the aptamer spray for neutralization and decontamination. However, a broader market exists for hospitals to prevent nosocomial infections. In addition, use of the aptamer spray by public health officials to prevent or limit "sick building syndrome", Legionnaire's Disease and the spread of tuberculosis or influenza represents even greater commercial potential. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Stephen M. Crooks DARPA 00-046 |
| Title: | Assessing Battle Damage Automatically from Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery via Adaptive Background Cancellation |
| Abstract: | We propose a revolutionary, data-adaptive approach for processing operational synthetic aperture radar (SAR) phase history data to automatically assess subtle damage inflicted by small sub-munitions on military ground vehicles. Our new signal processing technique, termed Adaptive Background Cancellation (ABC), has been specifically designed to exploit a battlefield scenario in which the ground vehicle under attack is illuminated by a stand-off airborne SAR sensor before, during, and after the weapon strikeall in a seamless, continuous-dwell collection mode. By leveraging our experience in non-traditional SAR image formation techniques, we have tailored the basic structure of ABC to solve each of the critical sub-problems in small-weapons battle damage assessment (BDA), including detection of target disturbances at impact, characterization of impact severity, and localization of subtle weapon-induced target signature changes. By using accurate mathematical models of weapon/target interactions, together with state-of-the-art XPATCH signature simulation tools, we propose to construct a BDA simulation test database covering a wide range of strike scenarios, sensing parameters, and small-weapons effects. We present a systematic, comprehensive plan to characterize the robustness of ABC with respect to these test variables, and to demonstrate the real-time capability of ABC through an analysis of its computational complexity. The technology developed under this program will contribute directly to the overall military objective of using existing airborne synthetic aperture radar to assess subtle damage to battlefield ground vehicles caused by small sub-munitions. Beyond this purely military application, however, the technology proposed herein offers significant advantages in the growing application of commercial airborne and space-borne remote sensing data to problems such as land use planning, demographic analysis and disaster relief planning. Moreover, our new techniques could be used for disease detection and diagnosis in modern medical imagery, including tomographic radiography (CAT scans) and magnetic resonance imagery (MRI). We anticipate that successful real-time SAR BDA technologies will also be directly applicable to a variety of civilian monitoring applications, such as the evaluation and assessment of large structures (e.g., pipelines, oil platforms, and power production facilities). Such nondestructive evaluation techniques would offer significant advantages over current practice, as they could be performed quickly and remotely, thereby avoiding the need to interfere with operations at the evaluation site. Finally, we anticipate that new SAR BDA methods could also be used in peacetime applications such as treaty compliance assessment and monitoring. |
| VEXCEL CORP.
4909 Nautilus Court Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 444-0094
Mr. Richard E. Carande DARPA 00-046 |
| Title: | Automated Battle Damage Indication from Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery |
| Abstract: | In recent history, battle damage has tended to be large-scale, and battle damage assessment (BDA) from a distance has been effectively done through manual interpretation of imagery. However, modern smart munitions are designed to do s urgical strikes on targets of military significance, and are not meant to do large-scale damage to surrounding areas. Thus the BDA problem has become more difficult. Battle damage assessment must now involve detection of very small physical changes in the target in question. Vexcel proposes here to explore advanced SAR signal processing technique s to this new BDA challenge. In particular, we will explore the application of coherent change detection, dynamic im aging and other advanced techniques. We expect to rank the potential of the techniques with regard to type of damage , extent of damage, and signal processing requirements. Furthermore, we will consider the existing SAR capabilities as well as offering insight into the value of future SAR architectures for the BDA problem. Vexcel will prototype th e various algorithms and provide a summary of their performance using GFI data. The type of applications we are proposing to develop under this SBIR will be capable of measuring very small change i n targets using SAR. There are a number of military and non-military applications to which this basic ability would be applicable. Some examples include remote monitoring of facilities and storage yards, as well as change detection in urban areas. These can be used for tax assessment, structural health assessment as well as automatic enumeration . |
| GENEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
10605 Concord Street, Suite 50 Kensington, MD 20895 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 962-6565
Dr. Jason Geng DARPA 00-048 |
| Title: | A Novel Omnidirectional Infrared (OMIR) 3D Sensor |
| Abstract: | The primary objective of this SBIR is to investigate a novel infrared (IR) imaging sensor concept, dubbed as OMIR (OMnidirectional InfraRed), that provides an all-weather, high resolution, and low-cost solution to obtain video rate IR images with 360-degree viewing angle for both 2D and 3D near-vehicle situation awareness applications. Despite the rapid advances in both cooled and uncooled sensor technologies, existing approaches to build IR sensor systems suffer several drawbacks, including low resolution, small field of view, and expensive. The propose OMIR concept is aimed to address these problems and provide viable solutions. Two major innovations proposed in this SBIR program are: (a) A novel scheme to dramatically increase resolution of IR images without using expensive high resolution sensor chip. (b) A low-cost solution to obtain 360-degree panoramic viewing angle for IR sensor systems without using any moving part. We will focus our Phase 1 SBIR effort in the design, prototyping and testing of the OMIR system concept and to demonstrate its feasibility to near-vehicle situation awareness applications. The Omni-directional Infrared Imaging is a fundamentally new concept and has broad applications, ranging from government, military systems to consumer products, such as periscopoes for tanks, helicopters, submarines and unmanned aerial ground vehicles, fire fighting, agriculture, home security systems, medical endoscopy, intrusion detection in sensitive facilities, bank security, industrial pipe inspection and automatic vehicle navigation for intelligent transportation systems. |
| SSG, INC.
65 Jonspin Road Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9991
Mr. Michael I. Anapol DARPA 00-048 |
| Title: | Coherent Laser Radar as a 3-D Close-Vehicle Surveillance Tool |
| Abstract: | SSG proposes a compact, 3-D imaging device based on Coherent Laser Radar (CLR) technology to provide 360 degree close range situational awareness for personnel and battlefield assets. The 3-D CLR camera technology is based on a commercial 3-D metrology product developed jointly by SSG and MetricVision Inc (ThermoElectron spin-off), which operates at much slower rates than required for the present application. The proposed system combines SSGs expertise in high performance pointing and scanning systems with the 3-D metrology capabilities of the CLR. The final system will consist of a modified CLR unit, an optical pointing mirror assembly (PMA) which enables 360 degree CLR coverage, and stereoscopic 3-D display capability. Significant innovative technology advancements are proposed to (1) provide 360 degree FOR, (2) improve the framing speed by >1000X using a MEMs based optical scanner or other advanced optical scanner technologies; (3) 20X improvement in the CLR sample rate and associated electronics using arrayed laser diode sources and detectors; and (4) development of stereoscopic, 3-D display capability. SSG has already obtained very strong commercial support from MetricVision , who is planning to commit matching Phase 2 funding when Phase 1 shows a viable 3-D CLR based camera design solution. Robotic Imaging Reverse engineering of prototypes-to-CAD/CAM drawings Real-time feedback for machine vision control during manufacturing In-process CAD/CAM and PC board inspection; move QC lab to shop floor over machine Non-contact replacement of Coordinate Measuring Machines 3-D metrology measurement of remote, high value objects (e.g. aircraft) 3-D desktop scanning into computer. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd. San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 545-1478
Mrs. Tamitha Carpenter OSD 00-C01 |
| Title: | Natural Speech Dialogue Support for Distance Learning |
| Abstract: | We propose an innovative system design that will advance the state-of-the-art in computer application support for natural speech dialogue. This design ties together the best of the current research in speech recognition, natural language understanding, and dialogue modeling, together with an eclectic combination of supporting Artificial Intelligence techniques, into a complete end-to-end design. In our TALK (Training Application Language Kit) architecture, all components in the natural speech dialogue system will provide disambiguation and validation for the output of the others. In additon, all components will operate using a shared set of resources, including a representation of the current dialogue context, generic and domain-specific dictionaries, and dialogue models. Sharing these resources between the components of the TALK model not only ensures consistency in the interpretation and generation of natural speech dialogue, but also provides an unprecedented capability for training the system for new domains and integrating dialogue capability into a wide range of applications, such as instructional systems and automated customer support. Phase I research will demonstrate the feasibility of the TALK architecture, and will result in a detailed design, laying the groundwork for the implementation of a fully functional natural speech dialogue prototype in Phase II. The proposed natural speech dialogue system would be applicable to all training systems, both in the military and commercial sector. In addition, the same technology is equally applicable for the domain of customer support, which is a multi-billion dollar industry. |
| TEKNOWLEDGE CORP.
1810 Embarcadero Rd Palo Alto, CA 94303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 352-9300
Dr. Michelle Sams OSD 00-C01 |
| Title: | Automated Dialogue Modeling Using Natural Language Understanding in ADL, by the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD) |
| Abstract: | The goal of the Dialog Agent Instructional System (DAIS) is to emulate one-on-one human tutorial interaction by providing individualized instruction and enabling more natural spoken dialog interactions. What we are talking about here is more than simple recognition of voice commands -- we will develop a simulated tutor to understand spoken input, reason and engage in realistic discourse. The technologies used in the system will include natural language understanding, intelligent tutoring, continuous speech recognition and speech synthesis. One of the ADL goals is to reach a two-sigma level of improvement in instructional effectiveness, as is found in one-on-one human tutorial interactions. DAIS hopes to achieve similar levels of instructional effectiveness. Anticipated benefits include reduced time to train and increased quality of performance due to the individualized tutorial dialog interactions provided by DAIS. The technologies in DAIS can also be used for on-the-job performance support systems and could enable dialog for simulated entities in virtual training environments. |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-1400
Dr. Wayne W. Zachary OSD 00-C02 |
| Title: | Training Users' Cognitive Readiness for Combat Command Using an Intelligent Tutor to Model Expert Mentor Interactions by the US Army Research Institut |
| Abstract: | The Army Research Institute has developed a curriculum for command thinking skills, called Think Like a Commander (TLAC). Although it allows new commanders to learn expert-level principles of command thinking more rapidly than traditional training, TLAC is still instructor-centric and labor intensive. CHI Systems proposes to automate the delivery of the TLAC curriculum by building an Automated Tutoring Environment for Command, or ATEC. ATEC will consist of three main components: 1) CHI Systems innovative instructional agent technology with which to build an instructional agent that replicates the knowledge and role of the human TLAC tutor, 2) a desktop Army C2 simulation also under development at CHI Systems, which provides the interactive practice environment, and 3) a web-based personalized interface, which manages the interaction between agent and trainee. The Phase I seeks to define the architecture for ATEC, build and demonstrate a proof-of-concept prototype, and define a detailed development plan for a full-scale Phase II system. The commercial value of ATEC is derived from re-application of its technology, architecture and underlying directed practice model to other problems in the commercial sector, such as network management, call center operations, and (business) management. The ATEC development team includes a leading provider of commercial simulation-based training systems in these areas (Provant Corp), who will focus the commercial transition and distribution of ATEC through its existing client base and marketing channels. |
| KNOWLEDGE ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
4001 Discovery Drive Suite 390 Boulder, CO 80303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 545-9092
Dr. Darrell Laham OSD 00-C02 |
| Title: | Carnegie Hall: An Intelligent Interactive Tutor for command-reasoning practice based on Latent Semantic Analysis |
| Abstract: | The Army Research Institute (ARI) is testing a concept for teaching cognitive readiness skills of combat command reasoning. The basis is research showing that expert thinking skills are acquired only by very long and deliberate practice. ARI's computer application "Think Like a Commander", presents tactical scenarios to learners and requires them to reason, and make decisions. A live mentor asks questions and provides feedback. The utility of Think Like a Commander will be greatly expanded by a computationally based tutor that takes the place of the human mentor for some or all of the tutorial interactions. The proposer has developed a new form of intelligent tutoring agent that, like a human mentor, interacts with a student in unconstrained free-form prose about facts, concepts, ideas, arguments, plans and narratives. The tutor is automatically constructed from textbooks, training manuals, and the content of expert-student dialogue itself. It will be used both in an individual learner-tutor mode, and as an assistant mentor in a distributed group problem solving environment. This innovative technology is based on Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). LSA is a well-validated machine-learning technique that simulates human understanding of language through mathematical analysis of a large body of domain relevant electronic sources. When perfected and operational, this intelligent agent will contribute to military cognitive readiness by providing greatly increased opportunities for deliberate practice of combat command reasoning skills. It could also act as group decision support in operational environments. In its first uses, it will be an interactive tutor/mentor/expert companion to scenario-based, virtual reality, and simulation training environments such as the Army/ARI "Th ink Like a Commander" system. In future adaptations, it would be used to give case-based practice and operational thinking support in diverse fields such as law, medicine, constructions, disaster relief, and business management. In educational applications it would offer opportunities for the enormous amounts of practice needed to acquire expert skill in any domain. A largely automatically developed computer based system, its benefits would be synergistic with those of ADL and the Internet. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd. San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 655-7242
Mr. Richard Stottler OSD 00-C02 |
| Title: | An Intelligent Tutoring System for Teaching Battlefield Command Reasoning Skills |
| Abstract: | High performance tactical decision-making requires the commander to apply detailed and situation-specific knowledge, as well as high-level thinking habits and skills that are applicable across diverse tactical situations. These skills include modeling a thinking enemy, using all available assets, and considering how the commander's fight fits into the bigger picture from friendly and enemy perspectives. These reasoning skills cannot be taught simply as methods and procedures to be followed. Although guidelines can help commanders achieve baseline levels of performance, achieving an expert level of proficiency requires extensive practice, coaching, and feedback. SHAI proposes to develop the Battlefield Command Reasoning Intelligent Tutoring System (BCR ITS) to provide automated instruction that emulates the student-mentor interactions provided by courses such as Think Like a Commander offered at Ft. Leavenworth. SHAI plans to employ a case-based approach where subject matter experts enter good and bad solutions to each tactical scenario which are then matched against each learner's solutions to assess the student's reasoning skills. We have assembled an outstanding team to pursue this research, and we offer significant relevant experience developing scenario-based intelligent tuoring systems, principle-based instruction, rationale-capture systems, rationale capture and reasoning systems, and intelligent agents embedded within tutoring and simulation systems. Intelligent tutoring systems that enhance student's reasoning skills constitute a major advancement beyond simple computer-based training and web-based training that focus on teaching facts and procedures. Potential markets for products and services that employ this technology include the rapidly growing number of educational software and e-Learning web content providers, large end-user company, and consulting companies that offer e-Learning solutions to these companies. |
| TEKNOWLEDGE CORP.
1810 Embarcadero Rd Palo Alto, CA 94303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 352-9300
Dr. Michelle Sams OSD 00-C02 |
| Title: | Training Users' Cognitive Readiness for Combat Command Using an Intelligent Tutor to Model Expert Mentor Interactions by the US Army Research Institut |
| Abstract: | This project will apply intelligent tutoring technology to teach battlefield command reasoning through deliberate practice in key scenarios. The tutor will select appropriate exercises and scenarios and provide guidance and feedback tailored to the individual learner. The system will include a domain model, instructional strategies, case library, and tools to interpret the reasoning processes of the learner. The goal of this project is to improve military decision making and make the training cost-effective and available to a larger number of officers. The proposed tutoring system will provide repeatable, scenario based skill practice that should transfer well to physical training sites and real world operations. In addition, the individualized instruction provided by an intelligent tutoring system can reduce the time it takes to learn and increase the knowledge gained within that time frame. |
| BARRON ASSOC., INC.
1160 Pepsi Place Charlottesville, VA 22901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(804) 973-1215
Dr. B. Eugene Parker, Jr. OSD 00-C03 |
| Title: | A Personal Health and Fitness Wizard |
| Abstract: | The health and fitness of U.S. service members is of considerable importance to the Department of Defense. The Internet affords an excellent opportunity to provide globally-dispersed service members with tailored guidance concerning their personal fitness for duty and deployment. Proposed herein is a Personal Health and Fitness Wizard (PHFW) website that will contain all of the functionality needed by U.S. service members and their families to evaluate and maintain optimum health and fitness. The Phase I effort will leverage the expertise of Barron Associates, Inc. and Testengine.com in the areas of decision theory and website design, coupled with the extensive health and fitness knowledge of the Atlantic Coast Athletic Club, to design an interactive health and fitness package. The PHFW will be a complex, adaptive expert system, fusing an individual's health status, performance parameters, and fitness goals with a database of educational and personal training information utilizing state-of-the-art decision analysis techniques to motivate and encourage users. As part of the Phase I effort, a research plan for validation of the educational and personal training value of the system will established. Problems with individual weight control and general physical fitness cost the DoD millions of dollars each year from the operations and health care O&M accounts. This cost should be significantly reduced if there is generally available a system that enables each individual service member the opportunity to manage their physical fitness for duty and/or to alter their personal habits to maintain optimum fitness. The proposed application will be designed and tailored for military use and will be readily extensible to the general public. The concept has enormous commercial potential, which the proposing Team is well-positioned to exploit. |
| INTERACTIVE TRAINING TECHNOLOGIES
401 E. 8th Street Sioux Falls, SD 57103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(605) 335-7791
Dr. Scott Meyer OSD 00-C03 |
| Title: | Virtual Interactive Personal Health and Fitness Program |
| Abstract: | In Phase I, we will develop a computerized, interactive personal health and fitness training assistance program for military personnel. This program will be easily accessible for service members of all ranks at any military installation. It will be developed with creative, state-of-the-art software based on current health and fitness research and databases. The upgradable architecture of the software will conform with DoD ADL/SCORM specifications in content and linkages. Personal instruction and interaction will include the areas of exercise (cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility), health risk factors (heart, lung, stroke, cancer, diabetes), weight control (body mass index, diet, nutrition), stress management, smoking cessation, safety, and wellness. The program will be motivational and require continual input from the user for guidance in the development of long-term health and fitness benefits. The results of Phase I will include the development and demonstration of the feasibility and technical merit of the personal interactive health and fitness assistant program for DoD use. The obvious benefit to the military user of this program is improved fitness for duty and deployment. The program will be motivational and educational, and due to its state-of-the-art virtual interactive nature, will be easy and enjoyable to use while providing a challenge to the user at any level of fitness. We anticipate an increased awareness of personal health and fitness among military members that can carry over to civilian life following separation or retirement. The commercial applications of the program are unlimited in governemnt and private sectors. |
| SONETICOM, INC.
Suite 102 West Melbourne, FL 32904 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 733-0400
Mr. Andrew Hess OSD 00-C03 |
| Title: | A Personal Health and Fitness Assistant by the US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (MRMC) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this proposed system is to develop an internet-based system to provide individual service members with easily accessible, tailored guidance concerning their personal fitness for duty and deployment. The system will contain an attractive, balanced, imaginative package of instruction and interactive aids for maintaining personal fitness. The web site will be interactively based on user-entered information, and provide individual users with personal feedback and guidance. The content of the web site must include diet, weight control and exercise information. Other content areas may include body mass index, immunizations, self-administered diet supplements, cardiovascular risk and warning signs, injury avoidance, unhealthy habits, stress management, and sleep improvement. The web site will be designed to sustain long-term, independent usage by service members of all ranks. Privacy and security will be important design considerations in the development of the site. . Also, the site will conform to the DOD Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative's Sharable Courseware Reference Model (SCORM) specification. The system will be platform independent and fully compatible with DOD Internet and intranet systems. The Department of Defense spends millions of dollars each year as a result of problems resulting from individual weight control and general fitness issues. Creating a generally available Internet system that enables each individual service member to manage their physical fitness and to alter their personal habits to maintain optimum fitness should significantly reduce this cost. Soneticom plans to use the Personal Health and Fitness Assistant web site development to enter the arena of web-enabled enterprise health applications. Soneticom envisions the development of the web site content, technology, and user interfaces as a valuable foundation for the future development of similar systems that would deliver health and medical related services to end users. This vision includes Soneticom developing hardware devices and providing system integration of existing technologies to deliver complete enterprise level systems. |
| STAYHEALTHY.COM
222.E. Huntington Dr., Ste. 21 Monrovia, CA 91016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 256-6152
Dr. Colin K. Hill OSD 00-C03 |
| Title: | A Personal Health and Fitness Assistant by the US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (MRMC) |
| Abstract: | Stayhealthy.com will research design and deliver in Phase I, consumables to address the following specific aims.1. To design the underlying architecture of an internet-based health management system that incorporates physiological monitoring, diet and nutrition, exercise management, weight control, accident prevention, and health education to help military personnel, their families and the general population improve health through awarness and education. 2.To create content for the site that is, entertaining, educational and personalized 3.To ensure the architecture and content is compatible with SCORM and Secure. Stayhealthy is in business to create personal wellness tools. THe specific tool being designed for the Army in this RFA will have direct commercialization potential. We see a personalized fitness tool that is web enabled and capable of educating the user as having utility in several areas of the consumer market. In particlar in our Business to business model such tolls may be used to enhance compliance and monitor preventive health plans to keep health care costs down for large employers.In the fitness industry such a tool can be part of a users/subscribers membership at the personal trainer or fitness club level. In education such a tool can be used to train fitness specialists or could be offered to the public as a fitness educational tool. There are thus many commercial applications for such tools. However each application would need some tailoring of the tool to that specific market. |
| INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC.
3419 Ramsgate Terrace Alexandria, VA 22309 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 597-9204
Dr. Kurt Rowley OSD 00-C04 |
| Title: | Applied Cognitive Research As The Basis For A Courseware Designer Support Tool |
| Abstract: | The proposed ISRI exploratory development project will leverage applied cognitive research into instructional design and teaching the writing process in order to generate and evaluate a design concept for a Courseware Designer Support Tool (CDST). The study will draw on the professional experience of ISRI personnel in instructional design, quantitative and qualitative research, and the design of distance learning environments. Some specific tasks of the study will include protocol-based interviews of the target audience to help identify issues related to supporting courseware authors and enabling them to produce effective instructional designs, a review of relevant research findings, the development of a cognitive model for tasks required of non-designer Subject-matter Experts (SMEs) conducting instructional design activities, a compilation of instructional design advice including examples of effective CBT, the development of a design concept including a mock-up visualization of the CDST, and validation and enhancement of the design concept through evaluation by practicing designers. The major anticipated result of this exploratory development project will be the design of a Courseware Designer Support Tool (CDST). The CDST will help courseware authors improve the quality of instruction through its combined emphasis on providing design advice and facilitating processes used by expert instructional designers. The primary target user audience for the CDST is Subject-matter Experts (SMEs) who design CBT courseware, including distance learning materials. The secondary target user audience is junior-level instructional designers, writers, teachers, professors, and others who design computer-based courseware and distance learning materials. The primary commercial application of the CDST will be to support all designers of instructional treatments. Through a unique performance support strategy pioneered by Dr. Kurt Rowley, the CDST will provide a new capability that supports the use of courseware authoring environments, and exceeds the capabilities of existing automated instructional design tools. |
| KNOWLEDGE ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
4001 Discovery Drive Suite 390 Boulder, CO 80303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 545-9092
Dr. Darrell Laham OSD 00-C04 |
| Title: | Digital Resources for Instructional Design in CBT Authoring Using Latent Semantic Analysis |
| Abstract: | The Advanced Distributed Learning infrastructure will greatly expand the opportunity to use computer based training (CBT). Comparable opportunities are rapidly increasing in corporate training, institutional education, and individual life-long learning. However, the development of a high quality CBT requires both subject matter and instructional design expertise, which are seldom found in the same person. Current authoring tools for CBT do not offer help in instructional design. Doing so would allow more people to author high quality CBT more quickly and at less expense. The proposed research will use Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) as the basis of a digital resource for instructional design in CBT authoring. LSA is a well-validated machine-learning technique that simulates human understanding of the meaning of text passages through mathematical analysis of a large body of electronic source material. LSA provides a search-engine capability that accepts queries in natural language and returns relevant target material even if expressed in different words. In the CBT application, LSA will allow subject matter experts to enter queries in their own words and retrieve relevant text written in the unfamiliar terminology of professional instructional designers. Another of LSA's advantages is the unusual rapidity with which such a system can be implemented. Computer Based Training (CBT) is a well developed and highly effective and economical way to increase the skill and knowledge level of work forces in military, government, and private sector businesses. The Internet opens up almost unlimited opportunities to deploy CBT in new environments, and for new skills and subjects. However, CBT courses and units are currently very expensive and time consuming to produce. A tool to help in authoring CBT would be of wide interest to commercial providers of military, government and corporate training. In collaboration with one or more publishers of commercial authoring tools for CBT, or of providers of web-based instruction, we would develop, generalize, and harden the proposed prototype into a marketable commercial product. KAT already has working relationships with major distance education providers with a need for such a system, and is aggressively pursuing teaming arrangements with providers of corporate training and corporate training systems. |
| MICRO ANALYSIS & DESIGN, INC.
4900 Pearl East Circle Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 482-6404
Mr. Tim Bowden OSD 00-C04 |
| Title: | Digital Resource for Instructional Design in CBT Authoring Environments by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) |
| Abstract: | With the advent of new technology for implementing distance learning and distributed training the demand for quality computer based instruction is quickly on the rise. As demand increases for computer based training the need to design and implement effective computer based lessons will become a chief concern of many organizations worldwide. Despite advances that are making computer based training more widely available little is being done to ensure that those responsible for designing computer based instruction are adequately equipped to author new lessons. The Computer assisted Lesson Authoring Support System (CLASS) will be the much needed aid for novice instructional designers. The system will allow those unfamiliar with the principles of instructional design to create effective computer based training modules that fully take advantage of the wealth of research available on effective instructional design. The foundational research necessary to build such an innovative tool, along with a conceptual description of what the tool will be is the subject of this proposal. This product will assist novice instructional designers with producing effective computer based training applications authored in a wide variety of commercial authoring suites. The tool will be interoperable with a number of platforms and data structures allowing its use in military, educational and private sector organizations. |
| PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS & RESEARCH
1975 Willow Ridge Circle Kent, OH 44240 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(330) 678-8958
Mr. David DuBois OSD 00-C04 |
| Title: | Digital Resource for Instructional Design in CBT Authoring Environments by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) |
| Abstract: | The overall goal of this project is to develop an electronic performance support system (EPSS) to provide instructional design assistance to users of computer based training (CBT) authoring environments. It emphasizes providing support to course developers who are naive about instructional design methods. To achieve this goal, the following objectives will be addressed: (1) develop a matrix of instructional design methods by authoring decisions/situations; (2) identify the functions, resources, and constraints on the performance of the instructional design/authoring tasks, when conducted by individuals naive to instructional design principles; and (3) develop requirements, specifications, and a prototype of the user interface for the proposed software tools. The proposed software tools will provide instructors with a ready resource for implementing state of the art methods for designing CBT and ADL to maximize trainees depth and speed of comprehension. |
| GMA INDUSTRIES, INC.
20 Ridgely Avenue Annapolis, MD 21401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 267-6600
Mr. R. Glenn Wright OSD 00-C05 |
| Title: | Dismounted C4ISR Data Presentation and Dissemination by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) |
| Abstract: | An approach for the development of methods for the dissemination and presentation of 2D/3D C4ISR information to an infantry soldier is proposed using next generation 128bit hardware engines available in low cost gaming platforms. A distributed, collaborative environment is envisioned to facilitate data mining of human and other resources located at higher echelons to formulate responses to operators tailored to the specific requirements of their queries. These responses will be capable of being displayed to the operator in several forms, ranging from simple text to dynamic objects representative of physical and complex concepts within the tactical environment. Communication bandwidth is conserved using innovative architectures combined with data compression techniques. The proposed architecture is modular in nature to ensure rapid configuration changes can be made to reflect changes in geographic location, and that new training requirements may be fulfilled with minimal product cycle times. Numerous private organizations, government agencies, and even individuals will gain the ability to create training, survey, and other applications specific to their mission using low cost game platforms, greatly expanding the potential user base of this technology. |
| SONALYSTS, INC.
215 Parkway North Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 380-5212
Dr. John J. Burns OSD 00-C05 |
| Title: | Dismounted C4ISR Data Presentation and Dissemination by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) |
| Abstract: | The Phase I technical objective is to develop a detailed description of our proposed decision-centered visualization (DCV) architecture to support the dismounted land warrior. DCV will collaborate with human users and reduce their workload, by automatically presenting the information that is needed for the current task and decision. This will leave the maximally tasked dismounted soldier better informed and with more time to engage in mission rehearsal, planning, and execution. In particular, we propose to investigate emerging technologies in the console market to identify a platform that will support graphic and computational requirements of a user-configurable C4ISR interface. Our investigation will be informed by a parallel thrust that seeks to apply and extend the DCV architecture to the unique information requirements that will arise from the development of the FCS. The Phase I efforts will be critical in defining the software requirements for successfully visualizing and interacting with C4ISR products in the field. Our team will use the research conducted in Phase I to plan Phase II technology concepts. The completion of the proposed work plan will permit the start of Phase II with the optimal visualization and interaction concepts, as well as selected component hardware and software technologies. In many applications, workers in the field must make time-critical, high-risk decisions, under conditions of high workload. The proposed work will contribute to a solution for decision-centered visualization for dismounted personnel. This applies not only in military operations but in the civilian domain as well. Examples include disaster relief and forest fire response. Advances in understanding cognitive and human factors aspects of situation awareness and information visualization, coupled with recent developments in hardware and software for gaming technology, present the opportunity to develop a new systems approach for providing the right information at the right time for workers in the field. Moreover, we believe it will be possible to leverage COTS hardware and software to provide a cost-effective solution. In addition to disaster relief and forest fire response are other commercial applications: police and fire departments, hospital medical staffs, and manufacturing and industry. |
| THE COLLIDE, INC.
104 Orchard Lane Carrboro, NC 27510 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 942-0356
Dr. Dinesh Manocha OSD 00-C05 |
| Title: | Interactive Visualization, Simulation and Navigation of Complex Datasets on 128-bit Consoles |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to evaluate 128-bit game consoles like Sony PS2 and Microsoft Xbox for applications involving visualization, simulation and navigation of complex datasets. It will include evaluating the programming environments, memory capabilities in terms of dynamic paging and out-of-core datasets, developing multi-pass visibility algorithms and geometric algorithms like collision detection and robot motion planning. If successful, the resulting system will be used for interactive display of complex datasets as well as navigation through complex environments and using them as robot controllers for mobile platforms. During the intermediate stages and at the end of Phase I, we will submit reports that evaluate the capabilities of Sony PS2 and Microsoft X-box as well as demonstrate the performance of our rendering system on relatively complex datasets. There are a number of applications of the research goals highlighted in this proposal . Many applications including battlefield visualization, computer-aided design, virtual prototyping, simulators and games involve dealing with complex dataset. It is a major challenge to display, navigate or perform dynamic simulations at interactive rates. Given the low cost and very high graphics processing power of these consoles, it makes them very attractive platforms for these applications. Furthermore, in the future it may be possible to take tens (or even hundreds) of these consoles to handle some extremely large datasets. The recent demonstration of GSCube with 16 PS2 has shown the potential of these consoles for high-speed digital graphics creation and transmission over high-end broadband servers. |
| ISX CORP.
4353 Park Terrace Drive Westlake Village, CA 91361 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 735-6804
Mr. Scott Fouse OSD 00-C06 |
| Title: | Enhancing Situation Awareness in Military Operations by the Army Research Institute (ARI), Ft. Benning |
| Abstract: | There is an obvious and urgent incentive to improve the abilities of military leaders. The problem we address in this proposal is how to provide useful training in a simulated decision environment, in order to improve the situation awareness skills of leaders. There also appears to be a move towards more distributed command and control, thus, the need is to provide training that will help commanders build situation awareness skills for working with distributed teams. The opportunity is to apply Decision Net technology to the requirement for training situation awareness in leaders and distributed decision teams. Decision Net is a human facilitated decision game that is delivered over the net. Thus you get very effective training at a low cost and delivered frequently. In addition, it can be used to experiment with new processes and new decision support tools while they are still in concept stage Decision Net will deliver two major benefits: (1) Improved decision making in stressed situations for individuals and distributed teams. (2) A new level of instrumentation associated with situation awareness / decision making. Since Decision Net is web-based, we will be able to insert instrumentation to collect extensive data, which will enable us to develop new metrics in this area. |
| SA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
4731 East Forest Peak Marietta, GA 30066 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 565-9859
Dr. Mica R. Endsley OSD 00-C06 |
| Title: | Infantry Situation Awareness Training (ISAT) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR effort is to develop and validate the Infantry Situation Awareness Training (ISAT) program. Situation awareness forms the critical foundation underlying all military decision making and task execution. Success in current and future battlefields will depend on warfighters and leaders who are able to rapidly assess key information in a complex and changing environment to create high levels of SA, placing them inside the enemy's decision loop. This program will investigate the key features underlying situation awareness in Infantry operations to ensure that all training is oriented towards the highest payoff training factors. Building on this analysis and a theoretical model of situation awareness in Infantry operations, ISAT will enhance SA by providing training on the critical cognitive skills underlying SA. Four major training approaches are identified. These techniques will be developed and objectively validated for application to Infantry operations under this SBIR. ISAT's most immediate commercialization potential would be with emergency response and public safety organizations, including police forces, fire departments, emergency medical response units, and disaster response organizations. For these organizations the safety of their personnel in many highly varied and critical situations is dependent on a rapid assessment of and understanding of the situation. Products developed out of this SBIR should be applicable to these organizations, following some modifications for domain differences. A second commercialization potential may be found within the business community. ISAT could also be modified to train company managers on SA as it applies to the business world and the management of marketing, sales and operations in a global business climate. |
| INFORMATION EXTRACTION & TRANSPORT
1911 N. Ft. Myer Drive Arlington, VA 22209 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 841-3500
Dr. Suzanne Mahoney OSD 00-C07 |
| Title: | Personal Education and Training Assistant for Distance Learning (PETA) by the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD) |
| Abstract: | A Personal Education and Training Assistant (PETA) automatically tailored to the requirements of the course and learner can meet the need of trainees for personal support through the distance learning chaos. IET's overall technical goal for Phase I is to identify a candidate approach and architecture for building a PETA software agents for DoD's distance learning community. PETA is the applications, knowledge base, engine and elicitation tools required to construct and continuously maintain each active agent. In particular, PETA will automatically generate customized models of the task, learner and pedagogical strategies to reason about how to best meet the distant learning objectives. In tailoring its models, PETA will take advantage of course, content and raw metadata from the Learning Management System. PETA's models will support a variety of interaction options in the Learner's Environment and meet the requirements of the DoD's plans for the networks and architectures required to support distance learning. Through the use of collaborative, multidisciplinary teams comprised of knowledge engineers, system architects, software developers, and applied mathematicians IET will analyze learner and system requirements, identify and evaluate alternative approaches for PETA, identify an appropriate training task and construct a detailed implementation plan. The market for learning solutions in general and intelligent interface agents in particular spans both the DoD and the commercial market sectors. Within the DoD: The DoD is currently making a very large investment in distance learning infrastructures and technologies and will do so for the next five to eight years. Beginning in 1999, the U.S. Army plans to spend over $700M (approximately $500M for infrastructure) with approximately another $100M for training content development. The U.S. Navy has set aside $500M for a five year program. U.S. Marine Corps has set aside approximately $118M over 5 years as well as the Navy/Marine Corps Intranet that will probably provide the on-shore delivery infrastructure. The Air Force will be making similar funding commitments. The size of the expenditures along with the number of service personnel that these new distance learning facilities will support provides a strong incentive for the DoD to make investments in PETA-like capabilities. Commercial Sector: There is ample evidence of the growing market for web-based training and distance learning in the commercial sector. The U.S. Department of Commerce reports that annual demand for workers to fill high-skilled information technology jobs is likely to grow from 874,00 in 1996 to 1.8 million in 2006. The International Data Corporation (IDC) reports: 1) The U.S. market for web-based or online training will exceed $5.5 billion by 2002, representing a compound annual growth rate of nearly 95% from $197 million in 1997. 2) By 2002, technology-based training will have market share of 54.9%, versus instructor-led methods, which will only have an estimated market share of 42.4% (see Figure 10). 3) By the end of 1998, more than 142 million people were using the Internet to communicate, participate in discussion forums and obtain information about goods and services. IDC estimates that the user base will grow to 502 million people by the end of 2003. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd. San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 655-7242
Ms. Sowmya Ramachandran OSD 00-C07 |
| Title: | A Domain-Independent Personal Education and Training Assistant for Distance Learning |
| Abstract: | It has been shown that students receiving one-on-one instruction perform two standard deviations better than students receiving conventional instruction. Unfortunatey, the financial and human resources are simply not available to provide this kind of one-on-one instruction for many complex domains. Intelligent agents are needed for automatically assessing a student's learning needs, directing him to appropriate courses, monitoring his progress, and providing individualized instruction. We propose to develop a Personalized Education and Training Assistant (PETA) that will use intelligent pedagogical agents to provide individualized Web-based training that is dynamically tailored to a student's background, current expertise level and learning styles. We will also provide a library of agent personas and behaviors, along with tools to modify the library. Other learning management systems can then use this library via clearly defined APIs. Our approach will result in distance learning environments that can automatically provide individualized training to military personnel. It will also reduce the load on human instructors by automating many of their tasks. It will provide the benefit of including personified agents in learning environments. Phase I will result in the design of the system, and the development of a proof-of-concept prototype to illustrate our approach. The proposed research presents enormous commercialization potential. Training is a ubiquitous problem, and organizations are very eager for solutions that allow them to stretch their training budget. By providing training that is customized both in terms of content and instructional style, the proposed approach will make highly effective use of both the trainer's and trainee's time. Most organizations have recognized the benefits of distance learning and are eager to embrace the technology. The proposed system makes distance learning an even more feasible and desirable option. The presence of personified agents increases the motivational value of the technology. At the end of the Phase II effort, we will have a library of agent behaviors. We could market just this library to creators of educational software and provide non-programmers with a way to include agents exhibiting intelligent behavior in their systems. |
| TEKNOWLEDGE CORP.
1810 Embarcadero Rd Palo Alto, CA 94303 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 352-9300
Dr. Michelle Sams OSD 00-C07 |
| Title: | Personal Education and Training Assistant for Distance Learning (PETA) by the Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD) |
| Abstract: | Phase I will investigate alternative approaches, architectures, and feasibility concepts for the use of intelligent agents as personal learning assistants in Distributed Learning environments. We will propose advantages that agents can provide for individualized instruction and performance support and with tailored assistance for various learning management services (e.g., counseling). We will also evaluate the technologies that enable voice interaction, physical embodiment, and user selectable interfaces for agents. PETA will be designed with an open architecture and will be compatible with DoD networks and ADL specifications. Technologies may include intelligent tutoring and performance support, natural language understanding, continuous speech recognition and speech synthesis, and animated agent features. Selection and design of the PETA prototype will be based on DoD need, the selected application and the scope of a Phase II development effort. Anticipated benefits of a personal learning assistant for individual trainees who utilize the military distance learning networks may include: increased performance due to on-site and on-demand performance support and reduced time to learn and increased quality of performance support due to tailored assistance. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Greg L. Zacharias OSD 00-C08 |
| Title: | Advanced Decision-aiding and Visualization Architecture for Stability and Support Operations |
| Abstract: | Battlefield management is increasingly becoming an information management task. While efforts are now underway to develop decision aids capable of flexible information visualization, the primary focus has been on supporting conventional warfare. However, there is a clear consensus that Stability and Support Operations (SASO) will dominate the future mission spectrum, and that information management, visualization, and decision-aiding will become increasingly critical in these doctrinally-unconstrained and hence less predictable environments. What is not so clear is how to provide the future commander and staff with a "cognitively matched" view into the battlespace, in a fashion that supports naturalistic decision-aiding and effective visualization. To explore a range of options, we propose to develop a cognitively-based software environment founded on Rasmussen's Cognitive Hierarchy, and supporting hierarchal levels of data fusion, situation assessment, and course of action response recommendation. The modular architecture will incorporate a number of tested AI technologies and supports the implementation of different visualization techniques and technologies. We propose to: 1) conduct a cognitive task analysis of selected SASO scenarios; 2) generate decision-aiding and visualization requirements; 3) develop the architecture and prototype selected aiding functions; and 4) develop a plan for evaluation of the full-scope prototype. Commercial potential for enhanced data visualization exists in nuclear power-plants and health care environments, characterized by high-tempo, high-value situations, and financial market activities, characterized by high-volume time-critical transactions. These latter include the commodities futures market, local and national stock exchanges, and international currency markets. Even a marginal improvement in the message "signal-to-noise" ratio and systematically-reasoned recommendations could translate to significant increases in profit margin for active traders in these markets. |
| MEDSCHOOL.COM
2034 Broadway Santa Monica, CA 90404 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 899-9000
Dr. William Sequeira OSD 00-C09 |
| Title: | Development of |
| Abstract: | Medschool.com, an e-learning medical/health knowledge company, is upgrading its platform for learner-centered Advanced Distributed Learning. Phase I proposes to (1) develop the Knowledge Management Layer for its e-learning platform, (2) evaluate the design display of the presentation, and (3) select 2 Emergency Medic Training components that demonstrate advanced knowledge achievement. A small-scale pilot module developed in Phase I will demonstrate the pedagogical transformation of an existing Medschool.com learning module for individual advanced learning. Technical objectives to develop the learning platform's Knowledge Management Layer are construction of a dynamic feedback loop consisting of (1) "smart data" collection, (2) deployment of optimum pedagogical method, and (3) selection of presentation formats that parallel user registration context to increase the effectiveness of the learning process. Technical objectives of curriculum selection are selection of training curriculum demonstrating advanced learning (i.e., having complex subjects with ill-structured domains) yet confirming to practical considerations that will assure successful testing of the platform with a Medic training module in Phase II. Anticipated benefits of Phase I/II studies are independently verified efficiency and effectiveness measurement of the Company's learning platform as well as completion of a net-deployable, Advanced Learning module for military and civilian (fire fighter) Medic training. |
| SIMQUEST INTERNATIONAL, INC.
8003 Boulder Lane Silver Spring, MD 20910 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 280-2240
Dr. Howard Champion OSD 00-C09 |
| Title: | Advanced Distributed Learning for Medical Skills Training and Sustainment |
| Abstract: | This project will develop an interactive, web-based application for training the medical skills of Special Operations combat medics (SOCMs). Special emphasis will be placed on the training of cognitive, decision-making skills for life-saving procedures such as intravenous insertion, tube thoracotomy and airway management. Specialists in trauma training will review current JSOMTC and civilian paramedic training packages and select appropriate training material for cognitive skills training. Task analysis will be used to identify critical cognitive skills, and an instructional framework will be developed to provide an effective training instrument. Alternative software strategies will be designed to provide game-like trauma case scenario training, immersive virtual environments emphasizing spatial learning, and/or traditional training. Performance assessment will be built into the application using metrics derived from studies of trauma procedures. It is anticipated that an effective Advanced Distributed Learning software package will provide geographically-dispersed Special Operations combat medics with the ability to upgrade and maintain the complex skills required for combat trauma procedures. The development of cognitive learning strategies for distance training in medical and trauma skills offers tremendous potential in both military and civilian markets. An internet-based application for medical skills training will provide medics, paramedics, nurses and other healthcare personnel with initial and sustainment training in an anytime, anywhere environment. |
| SOUTH DAKOTA HEALTH TECHNOLOGY INNO
1400 West 22nd Street Sioux Falls, SD 57105 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(605) 256-5313
Dr. Melvin Ustad OSD 00-C09 |
| Title: | Cognitive Learning Strategies for Medical Skills Training and Sustainment via Distance Learning Means by the Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) |
| Abstract: | The more than 800,000 emergency medical technicians and thousands of other certified and non-certified health care workers need effective educational programs. In many cases the people in need of medical training are distributed throughout the nation and world so traditional classroom instruction is not practical. Computer based training and the Internet offer great opportunities to more effectively meet the military and private sector needs for emergency medical and other health related education. The proposed Phase I research project will design, develop and test a module of an Internet based intelligent tutoring system/simulation for emergency medical technician training and re-certification. In Phase I a single module will be developed and tested in an EMT training program. During Phase II the entire training program will be developed and tested by military and private sector personnel. With more than 800,000 certified EMTs in the United States and thousands of other health care professionals needing training the proposed product has a large market potential. The commercial product will be developed and marketed in conjunction with Sioux Valley Hospitals and Health Systems. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd. San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 655-7242
Mr. Richard Stottler OSD 00-C09 |
| Title: | An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) for Military Medical Training. |
| Abstract: | The overall project objective is to improve SOF medic training quality and reduce its cost and length. This will be accomplished by the development of an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) which can provide tailored instruction to individual students. This requires the development of the appropriate instructional approaches for several different types of tasks and several different types of students. In Phase I, we will determine the cognitive processes and knowledge structures required to perform various SOF medical tasks. We will design appropriate instructional approaches based on these cognitive findings and prove their feasibility by implementation of a proof-of-concept prototype. We will design the Phase II prototype for web-based training. SHAI has worked on several ITS projects, in several domains including Army medics, and studied several instructional approaches applicable to several different types of tasks and their associated knowledge structures. Furthermore, we are developing a general ITS architecture which allows the use of several simultaneous instructional approaches, in combination. What remains is to implement several instructional approaches based on sound pedagogical principles and appropriate for tasks required of SOF medics. In addition to SOF medics, the system is applicable to military field medicine and also to commercial paramedic training. Because the ITS will have several different instructional techniques, it will be applicable to several domains with little development time. Esteem Software Incorporated (ESI) has agreed to market the General ITS Architecture, of which this work will be a part. Thus, it already has a commercial avenue. |
| VIATEC RESEARCH, LLC
514 Daniels St. PMB 274 Raleigh, NC 27605 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 349-4448
Dr. Anthony T. Rivers OSD 00-C09 |
| Title: | "Web-based Auto-Adaptive Cognitive Learning System for Medical Training" |
| Abstract: | The innovation of this SBIR Phase I is the development of an Auto-adaptive cognitive Learning Engine (ALE) that can assess a learner's level of knowledge comprehension and retention, and then appropriately change assistance in concept areas where the learner is having difficulties. Thus, ALE enhanced Web-based Distance Learning Systems (WDSs) provide organizations like the Military with a cost-effective tool for maximizing knowledge comprehension and retention, while simultaneously reducing time and cost spent on medical (and other skilled) staff training. The cognitive strategies and algorithms developed as part of Viatec Research's Auto-adaptive Learning (AL) solution are based on an extension of the rule-base theory and traditional concept-mapping. However, the solution's quantitative nature, and ability to measure the degree of learner understanding are novel and represent a leading-edge approach to the issue of automated knowledge assessment for WDSs. A proof-of-concept prototype of the ALE will be incorporated into a WDS to demonstrate technical feasibility, user benefits, and commercial marketability and to make recommendations Phase II. Also in Phase I, Viatec will review JSOMTC, etc medical training packages and SOF medical personnel training requirements and cognitive abilities to identify candidate areas and means for adaptation to cognitive learning strategies in a net-based product. Autonomous market research indicates that the market for web-based learning technologies is relatively new and has the potential for tremendous growth. The Annual Industry Report of 1996 by Lakewood Research assessed corporate training and estimated the technology portion of this market at $ 7.6 billion in 1995-96 and projected a real growth rate of 9% per annum. A Dataquest study looked directly at multimedia technology in educational settings (both corporate and institutional) assessed the market for educational technologies as $16.6 billion in 1996 with a growth rate approaching 14%. Finally, a forecasting model of the Adaptive Learning Systems markets developed by Nathan Associates predicted sales of instructional software and systems would range between $25.8 and 42.2 billion by conservative estimates. More optimistic projections indicate that educational technologies may grow to as much as $142.9 billion by 2005. |
| NTI, INC.
4130 Linden Ave., Suite 235 Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 254-3171
Dr. Robert O'Donnell OSD 00-C10 |
| Title: | Comprehensive Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery |
| Abstract: | The ultimate SBIR goal is to develop a theory-based, comprehensive cognitive test battery applicable to a wide range of military and civilian assessment requirements (e.g., fatigue, combat injury, medications, age-related decrement, and other conditions causing cognitive deficits.) Although there have recently been notable successes toward the development of "unified theories of cognition", and progress in other areas of cognitive science and neuroscience, cognitive test batteries have not capitalized on these breakthroughs. Most are either poorly grounded in theory, or are unbalanced toward specific areas of cognitive function. We propose to carry out extensive surveys of: 1) existing cognitive test batteries and, 2) current theoretical models of human cognition. Based on these, a recommended set of candidate computer-based probes or tests will be developed that will attempt to assess all aspects of cognitive function, as defined by the most current and extensive theoretical approaches. In addition, a detailed experimental design will be generated that will use the Cognitive Assessment Sleep Laboratory (CASL) at Brooks AFB to expose subjects to "gold standard" stressors such as alcohol, fatigue, or drugs. These experiments will provide initial psychometric data allowing selection of tests for the comprehensive battery. Phase II will implement these plans. In addition to the obvious scientific benefits of this development, it will enhance the military physician's ability to suspend a warfighter from -- or return him/her to -- duty, thus affecting operational force status. Commercially, a scientifically and legally defensible test battery will find use in evaluating aging, toxic exposure, head trauma, and infections having potential neurological impact. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Dr. James J. Barry OSD 00-H01 |
| Title: | Modeling Thermoregulation in Three Dimensions |
| Abstract: | The thermal environment strongly affects the physical and mental performance of military personnel. To predict the response of the body to various thermal environments and loads, an advanced three-dimensional model of human thermoregulation is proposed. The resulting software package will include a voxel-based model of a human, an efficient computational solver, a visualization tool, and a graphical user interface. In Phase I, models for an animal model or phantom will be developed. An initial solver and proof-of-concept visualization tool will be built, and calculations will be performed and compared with available data. During Phase II the complete software package will be developed and validated. The proposed model will provide a powerful tool for predicting the effects of climate, clothing design, exposure to microwaves and directed energy sources, and heating/cooling systems on human thermal equilibrium. The technology has direct application in the military for equipment design and electromagnetic dosimetry, and broad application in medical research and industrial design of protective gear, garments, and climate control systems. |
| INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABORATORIES, INC.
6370 Nancy Ridge Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 255-2273
Dr. Daniel A. Prelewicz OSD 00-H01 |
| Title: | Three-Dimensional Model of Thermoregulation by the Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) Detachment at Brooks Air Force Base, TX |
| Abstract: | A prototype system will be developed to demonstrate the feasibility of simulating the passive thermoregulation system in three-dimensions using realistic anatomical models developed from MRI data. The analysis system will consist of a set of computer codes coupled together using message passing interfaces to efficiently simulate transient events. Published tissue classified voxel representations of laboratory animals and phantoms will be used to define the geometric models. Transient temperature data obtained from experiments conducted by the Navy to validate predictions of specific absorption rates due to RF exposure in a phantom model will be used to assess performance of the system. Solution of the very large set of coupled governing equations will require that the model be segmented for parallel processing. Several approaches will be investigated, including an approach which gives the analyst some control over the segmentation process. The capability to include blood and lymph flows will be designed into the complete system model to be developed from the prototype. In addition to application for the design and development of future protective garments with active heating and cooling mechanisms, the thermoregulation analysis system is expected to fill a need for anatomically realistic analyses of therapeutic procedures such as diathermy, and therapeutic hypothermia and hyperthermia. The ability to simulate the thermoregulation process in humans is necessary for the advancement of many practical areas including design of protective garments with active heating and cooling mechanisms, development of protocols for therapeutic applications of hyperthermia and hypothermia and analysis of thermal stress in work and combat environments. Simulation using anatomically realistic models will be a very cost-effective alternative to constructing prototypes and conducting tests with human subjects. It is expected that the thermoregulation analysis system will find widespread acceptance among military contractors, biomedical firms and research laboratories, and that a robust market for services related to the analysis system will develop. |
| THERMOANALYTICS, INC.
94X Airport Road Calumet, MI 49913 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(906) 482-9650
Dr. Allen R. Curran OSD 00-H01 |
| Title: | 3-D Voxel-Based Bio-Heat Transfer Code |
| Abstract: | The potential health effects of exposure to sources of non-ionizing radio frequency (RF) electro-magnetic energy are an area of continuing interest within the military and civilian communities. Common sources of RF exposure include cellular telephones, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, and other civilian and military communications and radar systems. One established biological effect of RF exposure is tissue heating; temperature increases of as little as 4øC above normal body temperature can have potentially devastating effects on living tissue. The development of an anatomically realistic thermal computer code, capable of predicting tissue temperatures, would be an important accomplishment, both scientifically and for the potential economic benefit deriving from the use of the models. Previous attempts represented the human body as simple, largely homogenous, geometrical shapes that lacked needed resolution. Detailed voxel-based anatomical descriptions, such as the Visible Human model, overwhelm general-purpose thermal codes. ThermoAnalytics proposes to modify its existing commercial thermal software to exploit the structure of these voxel-based descriptions. The resulting thermal code will be compact, accurate, and able to accommodate extremely large data sets as input. Its applicability will not be limited to RF heating but will extend to a variety of environmental and therapeutic heating and cooling applications. An accurate and comprehensive human thermoregulatory model will be valuable to designers and researchers in a number of different industries and fields. Potential uses for the human thermoregulatory model include: low cost optimization of garment design for physical comfort; health and safety investigations to study the effects of cell phone use, wireless local area network (WLAN) and MRI exposure studies; cancer treatment studies; hypo- and hyperthermia treatment studies; automotive and aircraft passenger comfort models; analysis of laser surgery methods; setting of laser safety guidelines; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) designs; prediction and analysis of thermal stress effects on human performance and productivity; human dehydration investigations; protective clothing design; adjunct to medical diagnostic techniques based on infrared imaging; whole-body or local hypo- and hyper-thermia for cancers and other diseases or conditions (e.g., benign prostatic hyperplasia, multiple sclerosis). Additionally, military priorities require prolonged soldier activity in hot and cold environments despite the potential degradation of human performance and productivity under such thermal extremes and stress. Therefore, military planners must understand the factors that contribute to thermal stress, the range of human responses to heat and cold, and the possible options for dealing with thermal problems. An accurate human thermoregulatory model would be beneficial to such understanding. |
| CAMBRIDGE SCIENTIFIC, INC.
180 Fawcett Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 576-2663
Dr. Debra J. Trantolo OSD 00-H02 |
| Title: | Enhancing Malaria Vaccine Development by the Naval Medical Research Center (NMRI) |
| Abstract: | Current estimates of mortality and morbidity due to malaria have given evidence of the decreasing effectiveness of both vector control and chemoprophylaxis and chromotherapy. The present focus is to develop vaccines against one more of the developmental forms of the Plasmodium parasite. One such approach utilizes a plasmid DNA expression, the circumsporozite protein (CSP). We propose to incorporate the pDNA into a low molecular weight, biocompatible-hydrolytically lable (absorbable) poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) by a proprietary protocol, which eliminates both the shear stresses of emulsification and also contact of the pDNA with potentially denaturing solvents. An open-celled polymeric foam, prepared by lyophilization (~ 95% void volume), is impregnated with an aqueous solution of the plasmid. After a second lyophilization to remove the water, the matrix is compressed and cryogenically ground to a particle size suitable for injection. Plasmid content of the matrix and in vitro release profiles will be determined. The microparticulate formulation is anticipated to enhance the immune response. Samples will be submitted to the Naval Medical Research Center for evaluation in mice to determine Phase I feasibility as shown by development of titers suggestive of malarial protection. This work is practical as a means to lay the groundwork for the development of an efficacious, economical, DNA-based vaccine that would be of relatively low cost, stable, and circumvent the need for repeated inoculations. Each year approximately 300-500 million people are infected with malaria and each year 1.5 to 2.7 million people die from this disease. An effective vaccine for malaria would clearly be advantageous to people in the developing world, as well as to the individual U.S. military personnel who must enter malaria-infected areas. Commercialization by Cambridge Scientific, Inc., with our proven and patented technology under DoD sponsorship, will thus provide broad benefits to mankind. |
| OMNISITE BIODIAGNOSTICS (OLD: ZOEIC TECH
101 West Sixth Street Austin, TX 78701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Dr. John G. Bruno OSD 00-H04 |
| Title: | Anti-Ice Aptamers for Improved Red Blood Cell Storage |
| Abstract: | The major problem with lyophilization of blood for long-term storage is the formation of extracellular ice crystals that damage erythrocytes. Zoeic Technologies proposes to inhibit the formation of ice crystals by the development of SELEX DNA aptamers to various room temperature ice crystal structural mimics. In Phase I, Zoeic will develop DNA aptamers to structural analogs of microscopic ice crystal structures so that the affinity selection phase of SELEX can be performed at room temperature. Additionally, Zoeic will demonstrate inhibition of ice crystal formation in the presence of specific aptamers and will define the composition of a blood storage solution containing aptamers. In Phase II, Zoeic will clone and sequence the chosen aptamers and define a large-scale freeze drying process, which exhibits reduced hemolysis and methemoglobin formation during storage studies. In addition, Zoeic will participate in clinical testing of the anti-ice aptamers via strategic alliance partners in the clinical arena. Clearly, the need for long-term storage of blood cells is not restricted to the military. If successful, aptamers to ice crystals could be very valuable to blood banks and other clinical or research personnel. In addition, anti-ice aptamers would be useful as cryopreservatives for a variety of tissues to be used in various organ (heart, lung, liver, kidney, bone marrow, etc.) transplantation operations. |
| DOMINCA
9813 Admiral Dewey Ave., NE Albuquerque, NM 87111 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 822-0005
Mr. Joseph H. Kang OSD 00-H05 |
| Title: | Blast Mitigation Jacket for Training by the Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (MRMC) |
| Abstract: | Certain weapons produce blast waves capable of trauma to gas filled organs. There is an immediate need for protective gear that prevents lung damage when training with such equipment, and a similar need for combatants. Using layers of media with mismatched impedances, Dominca will develop and test jacket concepts that alter the frequency spectra of waves entering the chest. The layers produce a filter with many stop bands. Careful design places the stop bands across the frequencies thought to be most responsible for lung injury. At minimum, there must be a high-impedance outer and a low-impedance inner layer, with impedance defined relative to the chest. We will explore foams, hollow spheres, and pockets as means of using air for low-impedance layers. We will investigate dissipative mechanisms for enhanced performance of multi-layered filters. Because of the high specific damping capacity of shape memory alloys and magnesium alloys, we will consider them for the high-impedance layers. Hollow spheres with weak adhesive coatings will be tested for low-impedance layers, as they can dissipate energy by movement against the "friction" of the coatings. Dominca's firm grasp of wave mechanics, combined with specialty computational tools and test equipment, will lead to an effective jacket design. The shock mitigation capabilities developed for the blast mitigation jacket can have numerous military and consumer applications. Potential military devices include 1) blast mitigation jacket for training and combat, 2) methods to prevent blunt trauma that soldiers experience behind personal armor vests, and 3) helmets to prevent very loud noises from penetration through the skull of a fighter aircraft pilot. Potential commercial devices include blast mitigation jackets for protection from pyroshock during highway construction, mining, oil drilling, and demolition. |
| MATERIALS SCIENCES CORP.
500 Office Center Drive Fort Washington, PA 19034 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-8400
Dr. Chian-Fong Yen OSD 00-H05 |
| Title: | Blast Mitigation Jacket for Training by the Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (MRMC) (MSC P0Y35-046) |
| Abstract: | There is a critical need to develop a lightweight shock mitigation jacket to significantly reduce the risk for a soldier to contract nonauditory injury, in particular injury to the lung due to rapid chest wall motion, resulting from the firing of certain hand held weapons. The purpose of the proposed Phase I SBIR program is to develop high energy absorption liner materials and configurations as an insert to a protection jacket which would alter and reduce the thoracic loading and acceleration to prevent the anticipated nonauditory hazard. This program will also establish an efficient analysis methodology, which can be used to accurately characterize the material shock absorption behaviors under blast overpressure loading conditions. Special attention will be paid to explore analytically and experimentally the potential of utilizing high-energy absorption foam and nonwoven fabric materials. Materials Sciences Corporation will provide the combination of material engineering expertise, dynamic design codes, fabrication expertise, and corporate military knowledge necessary to develop a low weight, low cost, and high-efficiency blast mitigation jacket. This technology has direct applicability in mitigation of shock for soldier protection when exposed to blast shock loading. The developed protection garments can be worn by law enforcement and by bomb disposal personnel. The developed high shock energy absorption liner materials will provide other wide ranges of applications including armor protection gears, crashworthy automobile parts, aircraft in-flight data recorder survivability, etc. |
| ZERAD, INC.
425 East Greenway Drive Tempe, AZ 85282 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 456-1010
Mr. Richard E. Zimmermann OSD 00-H05 |
| Title: | Blast Mitigation Jacket for Training by the Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (MRMC) |
| Abstract: | The project will demonstrate the feasability of developing and producing a jacket to protect soldiers from blast overpressure in a weapons training environment. Advanced materials and fabrication technologies will be applied to attenuate pressure waves with a jacket having minimum bulk and weight. Phase I will follow a comprehensive systems apporach to showing feasability. Besides demonstrating protective capability with material sample tests, a complete jacket will be fabricated for a preliminary human factors evaluation. The jacket design will be shown to be functional, producable, and wearable. The key team members are uniquely qualified to perform the proposed research. Their collective experience included development and application of human tolerance criteria for impulse loading. development and qualification of products protecting humands in impact environments, humand factors research and development support, and production of armored vests. The proposed product will allow soldiers to train in a heavy weapons firing environment until they have sustained the necessary level of proficiency. Training will not have to be limited due to the risk of non-auditory blast over pressure injury. Other commercial applications may be found in the medical, mining, and demolation workplaces. |
| GEO-CENTERS, INC.
7 Wells Avenue Newton Centre, MA 02459 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 233-4987
Mr. Mark Buller OSD 00-H06 |
| Title: | Analysis and Interpretation of Real-Time Multi-Parameter Biological Data by the Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (MRMC) |
| Abstract: | An innovative method is proposed for Analysis and Implementation of Real-Time Multi-Parameter Biological Data utilizing open file formats, a fuzzy inference system, Web access, and ultimately an information broker capable of incorporating other analysis modules in a "plug and play" fashion. Work currently being performed by GEO-CENTERS for U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) utilizes physiologic data in a universal time-tagged flat file structure being telemetered to a Web server. A data server running archive access software utilizing a Generic Query Language (GQL) allows accessibility to this data over the Web on any computer with a browser. Soldier physiological strain index is webcast and displayed in real-time. For SBIR OSD00-HP06, GEO-CENTERS proposes leveraging this existing work to allow Web-based data access to multi-parameter biological data. Existing GQL-based tools will be adapted to allow mining and viewing of multi-parameter biological data. A Fuzzy Inference System will be developed to detect developing toxic responses in real time with minimal false alarms. Resulting biological status will be calculated in real time and displayed within a web browser. Design will include ability for intelligent information broker capable of incorporating other analysis modules to be implemented in phase II. In this age of electronic media and rapid access to information many DOD research institutes do not have a central electronic means of sharing scientific data. The proposed work would provide for a powerful standardized way of archiving both experimental and real time data. The archiving methodology would be both extensible, easily maintainable and backwardly compatible. A plug and play information broker architecture is proposed which will facilitate the interface and interplay of independent models. This task would enable the production of a complete data management package. This package would provide a comprehensive solution for research institutes and other scientific organizations in the storage and retrieval of experimental data in electronic format. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION CORP.
10299 Scripps Trail, PMB 231 San Diego, CA 92131 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 679-4140
Dr. Dariusz Wroblewski OSD 00-H06 |
| Title: | Expert System for Real-Time Assessment of Environmental Toxicity |
| Abstract: | Accurate and timely measurement of the developing environment toxicity is of great importance both for general pollution control and for military operations. Biological sensors (biosensors), which are based on a combination of biological sensing element and an electronic signal transducer, are finding a wide spread use in the environment toxicity measurements. A biosensor-based monitoring system produces a wealth of measurement data that needs to be efficiently processed to detect the toxic condition and to classify the type of toxins that are present. Standard statistical approaches are often not sufficient to detect developing toxicity as the toxicity responses may be obscured by natural changes in the biological behavior, measurement noise and benign changes in the environment. IAC proposes to develop a neural network based expert system for rapid evaluation of the water toxicity. The system will fuse all available measurement data (biosensor and other), and provide data pre-processing and classification for a large number of normal and toxic environmental conditions. Special emphasis will be put on early detection and on reducing the sensitivity of detection/classification system to the natural, non-toxic variations in the environment. The proposed expert system will be applicable to a variety of measurement platforms including the aquatic biomonitoring platform being developed by USACEHR for monitoring of environmental hazards to troops. Other application is for quality assessment and control of the municipal/agricultural water supply, and detection of the environmental effects of non point-source contamination and of storm water. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Paul G. Gonsalves OSD 00-S01 |
| Title: | Mission Planning, Analysis, and Simulation System (MPASS) for an Integrated Information Web Environment |
| Abstract: | The growth in information technology provides a tremendous opportunity for enhancing US warfighting capabilities. Additionally, the employment of distributed unmanned autonomous sensor suites can provide a further enhancement in tactical situation assessment and operations planning. The management and processing of military intelligence information and the requisite mission planning, simulation, rehearsal, and post-action review form a critical element of military battlespace operations. Additionally, the recent advancements available from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can offer the warfighter enhanced situation awareness and visualization. Here, we propose a Mission Planning, Analysis, and Simulation System (MPASS) within an integrated Information Web environment for enhancing information integration systems. Our novel system integrates a genetic algorithm approach for mission planning and course of action (COA) generation with a software environment for COA and mission visualization, simulation, and wargaming. We see considerable potential for this approach in enhancing tactical C2 systems and addressing future information dominated battlespace requirements. Our Phase I effort will: 1) identify system requirements and scope of the effort; 2) formulate and design a limited-scope prototype MPASS ; 3) develop a working concept prototype; 4) demonstrate its use and assess overall feasibility in a selected scenario; and 5) develop requirements for follow-on development and commercialization. We see several potential applications of the developed technology. Direct application of the developed MPASS exists to DoD C2 and decision support operations systems. Generalization of the developed operational planning and visualization components to other domains, in particular, mobile e-commerce and utilities mobile field operations centers, are also apparent. Additionally, we see opportunities for enhancement of our Intelligent Agent Toolkit (IAT) product, via the incorporation of the automated plan generation and visualization components of the proposed MPASS. |
| DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC.
40 Lloyd Avenue Malvern, PA 19355 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 727-7700
Dr. W. Reynolds Monach OSD 00-S01 |
| Title: | Sensor Data Collection Management Over a Web by Air Force Wright Lab, Rome, NY (AFRL) |
| Abstract: | The process of placement, monitoring, and control of unattended ground sensors requires the integration of several disciplines: placement optimization, sensor data fusion, visualization, and communications. The amount of data to be processed and the need for multiple-echelon displays of the information gleaned from that data require the development of tools to assist the operator's efforts. Daniel H. Wagner Associates proposes to develop a tool called the Agent Wizard, which will provide the unattended ground sensor operator with the ability to create and control software agents capable of assisting him in his operations in the Information Integration Web. These agents will perform operations on data retrieved from heterogeneous data sources in order to provide useful information in the form of advanced visualizations. Agent behavior will be semi-autonomous, and each agent will be capable of collaboration with other agents on the network. We will extend this work in Phase II to develop a full prototype Agent Wizard capable of creating and controlling fully configurable agents to perform advanced data management and visualization functions. The immediate benefit to the Government will be enhanced decision making based on automatic retrieval, processing, and display of disparate data into useful information. This will lead to more efficient operations in the Information Integration Web. Similar benefits will also be demonstrated in other military applications (METOC, weaponeering, etc.) and in the other military services during Phase II development and Phase III transition. This transition will also support an existing Wagner Associates software product called METPLAN to provide METOC data and visualization products to the Navy and Joint mission planning community. Commercial extensions of the Agent Wizard will be pursued in areas such as manufacturing, food service, travel planning, financial planning, etc., and will support an existing Wagner Associates software product called WeatherDog to provide automated context-sensitive weather information through a web browser. |
| IPEAKSDATA CORP.
2530 Woodstock Place Boulder, CO 80305 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 494-2053
Dr. Robert L. Welch OSD 00-S01 |
| Title: | Sensor Data Collection Management Over a Web by Air Force Wright Lab, Rome, NY (AFRL) |
| Abstract: | This small business innovation research phase I project investigates the feasibility of using distributed Bayesian graphical modeling as a core component of the Smart Sensor Web. It provides foundation classes of mobile agents each having the analytical and statistical capabilities of a Bayesian network. Communicating through the SSW server, these surveillance and display agents self organize to validate information sources, filter, collect, compress and correlate data using graphical models that are constructed by knowledge engineers or learned from training data. In particular, these agents can integrate multiple sources of information, including imaging and non-imaging sources and provide a GIS visualization of the result. The method builds spatial Bayesian models for constructing complex models of interaction among the layers of a GIS model. One solution method is to organize each cell in the GIS grid as a mobile agent. Bayesian methods are especially suited to environments where there is uncertainty: missing data, lapses in data streams, dynamics, reliability, mixtures of continuous and discrete variables, combination of knowledge and data, and where there is a potential for loss of connectivity among agents. This technology has applications for GIS, image processing, remote sensing, surveillance systems, intruder detection and e-commerce. |
| MCQ ASSOC., INC.
1551 Forbes St. Fredericksburg, VA 22405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 373-2374
Mr. Russell Thomas OSD 00-S01 |
| Title: | Sensor Data Collection Management Over a Web by Air Force Wright Lab, Rome, NY (AFRL) |
| Abstract: | McQ proposes to develop under this SBIR a new advanced scalable architecture to tie together mission planning, distributed sensor deployment, sensor fusion processing, situation awareness displays at more than one echelon, and Internet communications technology using a WEB page to provide map based threat alerts, while providing the operator a path to "reach down" to a tactical area and "look around". This new situation awareness and sensor management is based upon an integrated sensor TEMPLATE architecture and an object abased architectural structure to aggregate situation awareness information for multiple echelons. The resulting proposed object oriented architecture manages widely dispersed sensor fields and assembles the information through Internet technology into situation awareness displays that can be disturbed and either local or distant from the tactical and battlefield areas. McQ will develop the architectural structure in Phase I of the proposed SBIR, providing a simulation demonstration followed by a limited field demonstration on the Image WEB Testbed McQ developed for the Smart Sensor WEB Program. The Phase II effort will develop a complete version of the object oriented situation awareness architecture and implement it on the SSW Testbed for demonstration in Year Three of the program. The development of the proposed object oriented situation awareness architecture will integrate distributed sensor information through Internet technology with battlefield situation awareness to provide a major advancement linking target information at the sensor level to the tactical decision level. This will be very important in realizing the potential benefits of distributed micro sensors for providing real time information about threat activities. In the new military direction of light forces and small unit operations, it is important to know the enemy activities and be able to direct fires without resorting to dismounted engagements. The same object oriented architecture features can be implemented on distributed highway information systems, can be used for law enforcement, is directly applicable to border monitoring and corporate asset protection, such as, foreign oil wells, oil storage and oil pipelines. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Ms. Karen A. Harper OSD 00-S02 |
| Title: | Wireless Adaptive Visualization Environment (WAVE) |
| Abstract: | Achieving information dominance in military missions as well as operations other than war (OOTW), requires integration of large of volumes of sensors data, and the ability to deliver this information in a secure and timely manner where conditions may not be suitable for large communication networks. The key problem at hand is that soldiers need to have real-time access to targeted sensor-based information to enhance their situation awareness of the battlefield. Likewise, at the unit-wide level, commanders must be able to monitor the status and location of the fielded soldiers in order to perform high-level mission analysis. Thus, there is a need to enhance the current methodologies and technologies for data management and visualization such that we can effectively use sensor-based data to enhance the warfighter's situation awareness. We propose to demonstrate the feasibility of developing a Wireless Adaptive Visualization Environment (WAVE). Our novel system combines the current wireless protocol with innovative artificial intelligent technologies such as fuzzy logic based event detection, situation assessment capabilities of Bayesian belief networks, and embedded tactical knowledge of expert systems to provide the warfighters with the ability to visualize and manage sensor-based data. The proposed technology will directly support and augment the present and future adaptive visualization environment for wireless data management. The commercial focus would be on the development of an advanced visualization environment for the industries where adaptive visualization and enhanced situation awareness is critical, such as mobile e-commerce or support of mobile field operations for gas and electric utility companies. The core technology also complements and enhances our envisioned Intelligent Agent Toolkit for use in any domain that requires agent-based situation awareness and advance display environments. |
| SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CORP.
2300 Windy Ridge Parkway Atlanta, GA 30339 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 989-9422
Mr. James Thomson OSD 00-S02 |
| Title: | Protocols for Wireless Data Management |
| Abstract: | The battlefield of the future will be a `digital battlefield' - a place dominated by unmanned air, land, and sea combat vehicles, precision guided smart weapons, and real-time networked communications down to the individual soldier. Battlefield commanders will deploy distributed arrays of microsensors containing various sensor elements (e.g., acoustic, seismic, .) for remote sensing, surveillance, and area denial missions. These microsensors will need to be able to communicate with individual soldiers, small units, and higher echelon C4I assets through self-forming wireless networks. In addition, the individual soldiers will need access to the information sources that are traditionally disseminated from tactical HQs (such as Situational Awareness data and imagery) as well as other sources (such as web sites and video/audio conferences) within the CONUS backbone network. Finally, the pace of 21st century warfare will also require peer-to-peer information exchanges between individual soldiers across self-forming, tactical wireless-networks. This overarching vision requires new and novel information coding, transport and visualization techniques beyond those found in either DoD or commercial networks. Of course, the DoD's classic problem with its communications and information systems is "stovepiping" wherein the data coding and visualization tools are specialized and unique for each application. While this approach may optimize the resource utilization (e.g., tactical-wireless bandwidth) for each given application, it creates ongoing logistics and maintenance problems. As such, the Smart Sensor Web (SSW) architecture (and this SBIR effort) must strive for a flexible and extensible information-transfer and visualization model that easily integrates with the information model used in the DoD's tactical Intranets and strategic backbones. SRC will develop techniques for transporting, coding and visualizing "self-descriptive media streams" that will avoid the "stovepipe" problem. For example, an efficient Extensible Markup Language (XML) implementation that can operate over DoD tactical links, and also within the DoD's planned microsensor networks, will provide an enormous ongoing advantage via improved reliability and decreased maintenance costs. Self-descriptive media-streams will also reduce operational costs by allowing users to readily shift from desktop applications to handheld wireless devices with minimal training. In addition, the efficient ongoing integration of a warfighter's handheld visualization device with the DoD's planned software-defined radios, such as the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS), will also provide enormous SWAP (Size, Weight and Power) and logistics benefits to the DoD. Finally, this proposed SBIR effort will leverage SRC's existing DoD-funded work on a) routing software for JTRS; and b) wireless networking and information assurance for microsensors and other SSW applications. |
| VIATEC RESEARCH, LLC
Research Bldg. I Cent. Campus Raleigh, NC 27605 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 349-4448
Dr. Anthony T. Rivers OSD 00-S02 |
| Title: | Agent-based Visualization Adaptation Technology for Mobile Wireless Devices |
| Abstract: | Viatec Research will develop our novel agent-based visualization adaptation (AVA) technology for adapting real-time multi-media internet content for visualization on diverse (especially the smallest) mobile wireless devices. In phase I, Viatec will develop detailed (communication) profiles, DataContentRepresentation Classifiers and DataContent Selectors based on the end-user, the data content to be provided, and the device being used to display the data e.g. hardware, software and network characteristics. These devices will include, at least, portable computers, handheld devices and enhanced cell phones. These profiles will then used to develop AVA concepts, that can dynamically generate the data within a few seconds from its original request, are consistent with wireless network bandwidths that exhibit intermittent connectivity, and are logically related to visualization techniques used with desktop system environments so that users can readily shift from desktop systems on a LAN to handheld wireless devices with minimal training. Also in phase I, Viatec will develop and demonstrate an early proof of concept/ feasibility demonstrative prototype. The demonstrative prototype will be built upon the proven success of previous preliminary results obtained using multiple resolutions and modalities of transcoded content and evaluated using usability, timeliness and mission impact metrics and an experimental case study. The drivers for this project stem from the military's mission critical need to quickly access and use sensor data, especially in urban environments. It is anticipated that on the battlefield of the future, handheld wireless devices will be prevalent. This technology will provide the underpinning for wireless information distribution, be used in Command and Control settings and will allow remote access to information in time critical situations. Moreover the technology could be used to provide visualization of situational data to the Land Warrior heads-up helmet display. Increasingly businesses depend upon wireless data networks to reduce costs and increase productivity by widen accessibility to traditional enterprise applications such as corporate intranet inventories. In addition, this technology would enable civilian emergency responders to more effectively handle natural or weapons of mass destruction disasters, and provide the basis for coordination between local, state, and federal forces. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
725 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Dan L. Grecu OSD 00-S03 |
| Title: | Agent-based Semantic Data Management and Visualization |
| Abstract: | The US armed forces are currently involved in a constant process of adaptation to the requirements of new types of missions and environments they are likely to confront in future military operations. The Smart Sensor Web is one of the most advanced technologies that will provide rapid situation understanding and efficient decision-making to support the "21st Century Land Warrior" objectives. One of the main challenges raised by the use of this technology is the interpretation, contextualization, integration and visualization of the data provided by smart battlefield sensors. To support the need for semantically translating sensor data into operationally relevant information we propose the development of an Agent-based System for Semantic Data Management and Visualization to be applied in Military Operations in Urban Terrain. The agents use ontological representations and other knowledge forms to transform low-level data into information customized for decision-makers at various operational levels. The agents also reason about the appropriate visualization of the information in relationship to the operational context, the user's tasks, and the interaction with other types of information that are simultaneously presented. The development effort will use COTS software components, and will be compliant with other knowledge engineering efforts and information repositories within the DoD. The proposed effort has significant potential aplications, both as a technology and as an end-product. As a technology the approach will provide tools for semantic data enhancement and fusion based on data source characterization, data types, and the uses associated with the data, as well as visualization techniques that match the user's cognitive processing of the resulting information. As an end-product, the agents for semantic data management and visualization will provide solutions that require situation understanding in sensor-based environments, such as operations in environments that are potentially dangerous for humans, robotic and remote-control applications, and other DoD sensor-based applications, such as intelligence analysis and threat assessment. |
| DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC.
40 Lloyd Avenue Malvern, PA 19355 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 727-7700
Dr. W. Reynolds Monach OSD 00-S03 |
| Title: | Semantic/Context Based Data Collection, Management and Visualization by Air Force Wright Lab, Rome, NY (AFRL) |
| Abstract: | Daniel H. Wagner Associates proposes to develop a tool called the Agent Wizard for the creation and control of software agents capable of performing data intensive, time critical data fusion and visualization in Smart Sensor Web. The Agent Wizard will consist of three major parts: the Requirements Wizard, the Agent Builder, and the Agent Monitor. The Requirements Wizard will provide an interface for the user to enter the information required to perform a specified data fusion and visualization task. The Agent Builder will provide an interface for modifying agent behavior based on the algorithmic components of the specified task. The Agent Monitor will provide an interface for the user to view agent progress and control agent behavior. The agents dispatched by the Agent Wizard in Phase I will be preprogrammed software components with limited capabilities designed toward specific goals. We will extend this work in Phase II to develop a full prototype Agent Wizard capable of creating and controlling fully configurable agents to perform advanced data fusion and visualization functions. The immediate benefit to the Government will be more automated decision making based on automatic retrieval, processing, and display of information. This will lead to more efficient operations in Smart Sensor Web. Similar benefits will also be demonstrated in other knowledge domains (METOC, weaponeering, etc.) and in the other military services during Phase II development and Phase III transition. This transition will also support an existing Wagner Associates software product called METPLAN that provides METOC data and visualization products to the Navy and Joint mission planning community. Commercial extensions of the Agent Wizard will be pursued in areas such as manufacturing, food service, travel planning, financial planning, etc., and will support an existing Wagner Associates software product called WeatherDog that provides automated context-sensitive weather information through a web browser. |
| SCENPRO, INC.
101 W. Renner Rd. Richardson, TX 75082 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 437-5001
Mr. Michael Gately OSD 00-S03 |
| Title: | Semantic/Context Based Data Collection, Management and Visualization by Air Force Wright Lab, Rome, NY (AFRL) |
| Abstract: | In today's operational environment, a diverse collection of sensors provides the urban warrior with significant situational awareness, planning, and targeting data. Within this complex volume of data is the information soldiers need to make accurate and timely decisions. Applying agent technology to this overwhelming data set, and offering the refined information via tailored visualizations, will increase situational awareness for planners, command personnel, and the individual soldier in the field. We propose to investigate the application of agent technology for use in the Smart Sensor Web by: úIdentify Agent-based system capabilities best suited for filtering, integrating, and representing data in the SSW environment. úDefine Agent Implementation Architecture to incorporate Agents and Agent Technology into SSW data visualizations. úDefine, prototype and evaluate visualization options at different echelons and mission execution levels for Smart Sensor Web data. Our work plan uses the Scenario-based Engineering Process (SEP) to guide the research necessary for the identification of agent technologies, the generation of an agent implementation architecture, and the development of visualization prototypes for the Smart Sensor Web. SEP will ensure that systems are designed to meet user needs, provide accurate and timely situational awareness information, and support future expansions and upgrades. ScenPro anticipates that the results for this Phase I effort will include: úIdentification and refinement of domain-specific user roles and their associated information display requirements. úIdentification of agent types and capabilities appropriate to the Smart Sensor Web environment. úIdentification of an agent implementation architecture and infrastructure for the Smart Sensor Web. We anticipate that these results will facilitate the development of effective information displays for the urban warrior, as well has provide a foundation for the incorporation of agent technology into the Smart Sensor Web program. The domain specific display requirements that are identified in Phase I will serve as a solid foundation for continued prototype visualization efforts. By focusing on the user, we will have defined a comprehensive set of refined user requirements that will drive the continued development of user-centric displays. Effective user displays are key to providing situational awareness to the soldier in the field. We will also utilize the agent-based system capabilities identified to begin the development of agents appropriate to the Smart Sensor Web development environment in Phase II. The recommended agent architecture developed in the Phase I effort will provide the bases of the agent infrastructure implemented in Phase II. Ubiquitous computing is the vision for technology development in the 21st century. There are two technologies that will drive the realization of this vision: MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) and Software Agents. Advancements in MEMS technology will allow the integration of sensors into everyday objects for medical, military, and commercial applications. Software Agents will enhance the utility of the MEMS sensors, through intelligent, embedded and central processing. Software agents will be the primary mechanism for integrating the user into complex systems. In general, the potential market for agent-based, user-centric processing of sensor data appears to be without limits. ScenPro expects to integrate the results of `Agent-Based Visualization for the Smart Sensor Web' into future products within our areas of expertise. These products may include medical management systems, Chemical/Biological incident handling, and Information Exploitation from heterogeneous sources. It is clear that our government and military customers are drowning in data while at the same time starving for information. Through successful completion of development efforts such as Agent-Based Visualization for the Smart Sensor Web, we will be able to offer them easily modifiable system components for integration into their planned C2 systems. ScenPro anticipates expanding our product offerings in this area to our customers. |
| BRIARTEK, INC.
112 E. Del Ray Ave. Alexandria, VA 22301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 548-7892
Mr. Joseph Landa OSD 00-S05 |
| Title: | Wireless Surveillance Scalable Sensor Netting by Office of Naval Research (ONR) |
| Abstract: | The Smart Sensor Web (SSW) will provide the Warfighters at lower echelons the decision dominance required to fight and win. To make such a system a reality several obstacles must be overcome. Some of the challenges facing such a system include, but are not limited to, the following: establish reliable and accurate contact reports, work within system bandwidth constraints, operate amongst obstacles but continue to transmit data through these obstacles, fit within system size, weight and power constraints, ensure seamless communication between platforms, decision makers and warfighters, be produced at a reasonable cost. One key to a successful SSW is the integration of a wireless network onto smart sensor platforms in such a way as to minimize bandwidth loading and maximize the ability of the sensors to work in a cooperative environment. This effort will focus on designing a system which utilizes COTS technology, including emerging standards for wireless communications (e.g. Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 (a) & (b), and homeRf) and leverage ongoing efforts to develop a robust yet cost effective Image Web component of the SSW. This module will form a communications node on the wireless Smart Sensor Web. This node will be capable of communicating with peer sensors and searching for data that can be correlated or used by a requesting Warfighter. The module prototype built under this effort will be useable in a testbed for evaluation and future revisions to the concept. Additionally this module will allow for the exercising of critical technologies associated with the Smart Sensor Web. This communications module can be used as a component of commercial wireless web systems that searches consumer networks such as Bluetooth piconets. Once it is proven that Bluetooth protocol can be used, a networked system of data gathering can be used for security, firefighting and field research applications. |
| MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC.
202 Perry Parkway, Suite 7 Gaithersburg, MD 20877 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 590-3978
Dr. Robert J. Fontana OSD 00-S05 |
| Title: | A Novel Ultra Wideband Wireless Surveillance Scalable Sensor Netting |
| Abstract: | Conventional wide bandwidth communications systems are often limited by multipath propagation effects and time dependent fading, particularly in mobile multipath environments. Multispectral Solutions, Inc. has pioneered the development of ultra wideband (UWB) technology and has demonstrated the capability to overcome the deletorious effects multipath signal degradation. MSSI has fielded a wide variety of UWB systems that provide solutions for tactical communications, precision geolocation, RF tagging/identification, high throughput datalinks and collision avoidance. All of these systems are derived and developed from a similar core architecture. Under the proposed Phase I effort, MSSI will address the requirements for a Wireless Surveillance Scalable Sensor Netting and will leverage its extensive experience to provide a common UWB architecture for networked data/voice communications, precision geolocation and targeting. Resultantly, hardware will be field tested at the end of Phase I to determine its suitability for later system integration. UWB communication and geopositioning systems have a wide variety of commercial applications. These include wireless local area networks/personal area networks (LAN/PAN), "smart home" applications, warehouse logistic control, industry machinery control and future 3G wireless applications. |
| IRVINE SENSORS CORP.
3001 Redhill Avenue Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 444-8846
Dr. Suresh Subramanian OSD 00-S08 |
| Title: | Hardware Compression of Video Data by the US Army Night Vision Laboratory (NVESD) |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
Engineering & Products Div. Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Andrew Kostrzewski OSD 00-S08 |
| Title: | Video/Imagery Super-Parallel and Supercomputer-Path (VISPII) Stand-Alone Hardware Compression |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes an entirely new video processing and compression system, based on Video/Imagery Super-Parallel and Supercomputer-Path (VISPII) stand-alone hardware compression for both live and graphic video/imagery. The basic novelty is the application of wavelet compression in stand-alone hardware real-time operation. The VISPII offers latency of not more than ten microseconds with almost lossless video image quality for moderate compression (no more than 40:1). This unique performance is achieved by implementing POC's proprietary soft computing and soft communication (SC2) software on extremely fast hardware, with 256 processors in parallel for supercomputer-class computing power -- 8BOPS or eight billion operations per second or more -- while preserving low power consumption and compact stand-alone packaging, essential for interactive training, and MPEG-4 integration of natural and synthetic video imagery. In Phase I, all critical system components, including compression software, hardware, packaging, communication, and networking, will be designed and developed; risk factors will be evaluated. In Phase II, a system prototype demonstration will be presented. The VISPII-based video compression system will contribute to integrating TV with the Internet and intranets, the synthesis of MPEG-4 elementary audio-visual-objects, e-commerce, digital TV, digital cinema, telemedicine, teleconferencing, nearly autonomous video processing and surveillance, and interactive distance learning. Specific commercial applications include virtual reality, games, facial animation, terrain animation, clothing design, and flight simulation. |
| PLANNING SYSTEMS, INC.
7923 Jones Branch Drive McLean, VA 22102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(228) 863-0007
Mr. John Walrod OSD 00-S08 |
| Title: | Hardware Compression of Video Data by the US Army Night Vision Laboratory (NVESD) |
| Abstract: | Planning Systems Inc. proposes an innovative combination of experience, leading-edge sensor network technology, and emerging video compression techniques to provide real-time video networking over ATM-SONET protocols. The proposed solution provides a scalable, fast solution which can be applied to wide range of video and image sensor network applications incuding battlefield wireless networks, robotic vision, law enforcement surveillance, and image simulators. This research and development will provide a fast, high-quality, scalable image/video compression system which can be networked, enabling many new applications which are currently limited by video bandwidth and latency problems. These applications include image sensor networks for microbots and micro air vehicles, portable video displays for soldiers, automatic target recognition, video surveillance networks, real-time image simulations with both real and synthetic sources, video-on-demand, teleconferencing, and Internet video streaming. |
| SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP.
4027 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9008
Dr. V. ("Nagu") Nagarajan OSD 00-S08 |
| Title: | Video Compression Hardware for ATM |
| Abstract: | Systran Federal Corporation is proposing to develop the required system to compress video in hardware and transmit using ATM protocol. We propose to develop innovative hardware to compress and decompress video data based on wavelet and fractal compression algorithms, MPEG methods, Huffman Coding, LZW, etc. We also propose to develop PCI based ATM Network Interface Cards (NICs) incorporating the compression hardware, ATM chip sets and ancillary circuits that are required. In this card, analog video signals that are provided as input will be converted to either RGB or YCrCb digital streams. The digitized signals are fed to the compression engine, which produces compressed bit streams, which are fed to ATM hardware and routed to remote destinations. A decompression engine decompresses any compressed video channel that is received from the ATM network, and the output of the decompression engine is converted to analog video format to be outputted from the card. Display facilities for input/output video signals on the computer monitor will be incorporated. SFC has already developed an "enhanced" OC-3 ATM NIC incorporating i960 processor, a special voice and telephony processor, and ATM chip sets, and this card will form the basis for further development in this proposed SBIR. This SBIR program will add to the ATM cards that Systran Federal has already developed. Through this SBIR program, Systran Federal will further enhance by adding video capabilities to the "enhanced" ATM card that it has developed. The product developed will be ATM cards having both on-board video and voice capabilities, and such cards will find extensive in the Army, the DOD, and the commercial sector. |
| TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC.
10201 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 267-2313
Mr. Charles Hsu OSD 00-S08 |
| Title: | Hardware Compression of Video Data by the US Army Night Vision Laboratory (NVESD) |
| Abstract: | In order to improve the decision-making capability of the warfighter in an increasingly information-centric environment, a number of hurdles must be overcome. These include the efficient management of the growing number of smart sensors in the battlefield, along with the development of more efficient compression algorithms, network protocols, and wideband communication mechanisms. Of special note, high-efficiency video compression algorithms with cost-effective hardware implementations would be very significant in reducing the transmission latency and bandwidth requirements of sensor data. The compression algorithm performance must meet minimum requirements for image quality, frame rate, and latency. In addition, real-time video data transmission in a synchronous ATM environment would support current Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) efforts in the Smart Sensor Web program. Trident Systems will leverage our extensive work with wavelet image/video compression, analysis and transmission, as well as systems integration and design to develop an innovative, yet practical, system solution. Our approach will provide a real-time video compression/decompression capability that addresses the limitations of competing approaches to provide a capable and workable system that meets the military's requirements. The successful completion of this project will not only significantly improve actual battle situations, but also training exercises, warfighting experiments, and sensor system development. Also, the utility that is provided by such video compression capabilities has widespread applications. |
| APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1120 Delaware Ave. Longmont, CO 80501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 684-8722
Mr. W.R. Dagle OSD 00-S09 |
| Title: | WeatherWeb Sub-Web Meteorological Sensor Array by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) |
| Abstract: | This Phase I proposal responds to the need for a low-power, expendable, remote sensor array that can be emplaced and positioned to provide battlefield environmental data. Applied Technologies, Inc. proposes to design and conduct testing on a remote sensor array capable of accommodating a multitude of sensors, including wind speed and direction, visibility, precipitation, atmospheric pressure and temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture and temperature, GPS position, and electronic compass. These data will be transmitted by a spread-spectrum wireless modems to a test computer representing the central node. The Phase I effort will also identify components that comprise the central node. The central node, in addition to interrogating a multitude of remote stations, also contributes to the tactical battlefield weather data by providing vertical sounding data with a innovative sodar configuration. Local data would be included in the collected data. The central node would process remote station data along with the local data and transmit resulting information to a remote collection unit that interfaces with military battlefield awareness systems through a secure spread-spectrum link. A remote station configured with a variety of sensors mounted on a common platform can provide necessary data to many users requiring meteorological or environmental data. Some of the uses for a portable remote station are: weather service, agriculture, air quality, monitoring of specific catastophic events; flood, forest fires, droughts, extreme rainfall or snowfall. Airport wind profiling with the sodar. |
| APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1120 Delaware Ave. Longmont, CO 80501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 684-8722
Mr. W.R. Dagle OSD 00-S09 |
| Title: | WeatherWeb Sub-Web Meteorological Sensor Array by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) |
| Abstract: | This Phase I proposal responds to the need for a low-power, expendable, remote sensor array that can be emplaced and positioned to provide battlefield environmental data. Applied Technologies, Inc. proposes to design and conduct testing on a remote sensor array capable of accommodating a multitude of sensors, including wind speed and direction, visibility, precipitation, atmospheric pressure and temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture and temperature, GPS position, and electronic compass. These data will be transmitted by a spread-spectrum wireless modems to a test computer representing the central node. The Phase I effort will also identify components that comprise the central node. The central node, in addition to interrogating a multitude of remote stations, also contributes to the tactical battlefield weather data by providing vertical sounding data with a innovative sodar configuration. Local data would be included in the collected data. The central node would process remote station data along with the local data and transmit resulting information to a remote collection unit that interfaces with military battlefield awareness systems through a secure spread-spectrum link. A remote station configured with a variety of sensors mounted on a common platform can provide necessary data to many users requiring meteorological or environmental data. Some of the uses for a portable remote station are: weather service, agriculture, air quality, monitoring of specific catastophic events; flood, forest fires, droughts, extreme rainfall or snowfall. Airport wind profiling with the sodar. |
| INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC MACHINES
60 Fourth Avenue Albany, NY 12202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 449-5504
Mr. Zack Mian OSD 00-S09 |
| Title: | WeatherWeb Sub-Web Meteorological Sensor Array by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) |
| Abstract: | It was once observed that weather and terrain have a greater impact on battles than any other physical factor - including weapons. The DOD goal of "owning the weather" through both large scale and local scale, real-time meteorological (MET) data, is a key part of its overall battlefield dominance priorities. This hold true for both ground and air operations and support as well. Across DOD, several existing systems and initiatives are currently in place to address this need, each from a unique but complementary aspect, and each with its own strengths and limitations. IEM is proposing the initial phase of a development program aimed at making an integrated Weather Subweb Sensor Suite (WS3) system a reality within an accelerated time frame. The system envisioned will be an advanced set of battlefield "eyes and ears" to send back meteorological data and atmospheric/ground conditions from the field to support mission and deployment related needs. The system will be one that can be quickly deployed ahead of the troops via airdrop or perhaps even be eventually placed manually by forward reconnaissance. The web will consist of an array of small, low cost, self powered, sensor nodes and a central node for accessing and logging relevant weather data and re-transmitting to a remote command and control centers via a spread spectrum RF link. The proposed project will determine feasibility of the concept. The main objective of the project is to establish the feasibility and the design of an innovative, yet near-term WS3 System, which comprises a Remote Sensor Array module and Central Node Processor/Sensor module, that will work together to acquire, process, and transmit critical local atmospheric (and selected ground) condition data to a remote command station node, as part of an envisioned overall WeatherWeb network. In addition to the benefits of the WS3 technology in the DOD arena, a large number of dual-use, spin-off market opportunities exist for close-derivative systems. Examples of commercial market sectors include the highway transportation sector, disaster response and management, environmental monitoring, civilian weather monitoring, geophysical research, power industry performance planning, and general MET research applications. |
| YANKEE ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS, INC.
101 Industrial Blvd. Turners Falls, MA 01376 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(413) 863-0200
Mark C. Beaubien OSD 00-S09 |
| Title: | WeatherWeb Sub-Web Meteorological Sensor Array by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) |
| Abstract: | A multi-level web-connected network of meteorological sensors has the potential to gather environmental data in real time while automatically disseminating information to all echelons of military personnel. We discuss the design of a distributed, wireless surface meteorological data collection and dissemination network based on field-proven technology already in widespread use in government environmental weather collection networks. The multi-level sensors nodes described offer different levels of functionality and cost and should meet the performance and goals listed in the solicitation. Precise knowledge of current and near term weather parameters is critical to most military planning activities and represents a key strategic advantage over an enemy. Recent internet-driven increases in networking technology have provided a platform for wide area data collection, analysis and dissemination. While this new paradigm has dramatically increased our ability to leverage meteorological data to our advantage, basic surface meteorological sensor technology has not kept pace. Expendable sub-nodes will make pressure, air/soil temperature, humidity and precipitation, while central nodes will add upper air wind measurements via a NIR Doppler lidar system, while providing data quality control and optimizing bandwidth. Breadboard testing we will address several problems that plague traditional meteorological measurements, for example the aspiration of temperature and humidity sensors. Surface meteorological measurements are made at literally hundreds of thousands of locations throughout the world. A large market exists for automatic weather stations to serve the needs of not only the DOD, but also markets serving agricultural production, pollution compliance, and energy management. The commercial potential from the government market alone would justify this project. The proposed technology addresses typical problems associated with conventional surface weather sensors and therefore should be readily accepted by the meteorological marketplace. As an established commercial manufacturer of meteorological instrumentation, YES would add the technology to our existing product line. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4183
Mr. Ronald G. Roy SOCOM 00-006 |
| Title: | Low-Cost, High Performance Transparent Armor |
| Abstract: | A new single crystal alumina nanocomposite material is in development that has the potential to be an excellent hardface material for transparent armor. This project will develop a version of the new material specifically for transparent armor applications. The material is expected to have mechanical properties and ballistic performance roughly equivalent to, or better than, aluminum oxynitride (ALON). ALON is ballistically superior to transparent spinel and single crystal sapphire. Extrapolation of data within the public domain indicates that transparent armor performing at this level will defeat benchmark small arms threats at an areal density of approximately 7 lb/ft2 (34 kg/m2). The process to make the single crystal alumina nanocomposite material is expected to drastically reduce cost relative to the other transparent ceramic materials when scaled up for production. In the Phase I project, small transparent hardface specimens will be made and tested for optical and mechanical properties. The material's anticipated ballistic performance will be predicted from the mechanical properties. A plan for (Phase II) ballistic, optical, mechanical, and physical testing of larger armor specimens will be derived, and a producibility study will be done to determine estimated unit costs for hypothetical production of small to large transparent armor parts. (P-00857) Successful development of the new single crystal alumina nanocomposite material will allow the use of transparent armor having very high ballistic performance at much lower cost than existing transparent ceramics. Military applications include windows and vision blocks for armored vehicles, ballistic shield windows, face shields and goggles, aircraft transparencies and sensor windows, infrared domes for missiles, and laser ignition windows for medium and large caliber cannons. Commercial applications include law enforcement vehicle windows, ballistic shields, face shields, and executive protection armor configurations. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Dr. J.C. Withers SOCOM 00-006 |
| Title: | An Ultralightweight Nanocomposite Opaque Ballistic Shield |
| Abstract: | New technology is required to demonstrate a multi-hit material that can defeat multi-threats at less than 4 lbs/ft2. Nanotechnology based engineered materials have the potential to demonstrate substantial ballistic performance enhancement over state-of-the-art armor systems. Recent developments in nanocrystalline ceramics have demonstrated ballistic performance that meets current weight goals but lacks the multi-hit capability. Nano-reinforced polymers have demonstrated exemplary ballistic performance with multi-hit capability. Combining nanocrystalline ceramic and nano-reinforced polymers in a multilayer composite that somewhat mimics seashell architectures has the potential to provide multi-hit capability against multi-threats at less than 4lbs/ft2. This program will fabricate, ballistic test, identify the relationship of the layers on ballistic performance, initiate compositional/layer optimization and deliver ballistic shield samples to SOCOM for further ballistic test confirmation The development and demonstration of a paradigm in advanced ultra-lightweight armor materials will have immediate applications in all military deployment, in law enforcement, security police, private vehicles, boats and buildings, and a variety of structural and aerospace applications. |
| MSE-AML
1300 Marrows Rd. Newark, DE 19711 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(302) 456-6509
Mr. Evans A. LaRoche SOCOM 00-006 |
| Title: | Advanced Ballistic Shields Made Ultra-light and Affordable |
| Abstract: | New materials are needed to reduce weight of ballistic shields, but they MUST be affordable in order to support commercialization goals. Reinforcing ceramics with fibers can reduce the weight of the opaque components and at the same time increase multi-hit capability and damage tolerance. MSE-AML proposes a cost effective approach to fiber reinforced ceramic composites for ballistic applications that is attractive for commercialization. Regarding the transparent materials, the primary challenge is to satisfy both the multi-spectral requirement and achieve the hardness necessary for good ballistic performance. A hot pressed mixture of multi-spectral materials of various hardness and cost has potential to provide an affordable solution. Both transparent and opaque materials must be combined efficiently in shield manufacturing and assembly processes to achieve optimal benefit. Phase I will demonstrate ballistic efficiency of the fiber reinforced ceramics and will investigate feasibility of performance and economics of the transparent material. Our ultimate goal is to develop and deliver SOCOM a shield with a reasonable area of protection against small arms fire in both opaque and transparent parts that is curved and comfortable to carry weighing significantly less than 20 pounds. The proposed fiber reinforced ceramics have the potential for wide spread use in the armor market due to their attractive properties including multi-hit capability, damage tolerance, shape flexibility, and manufacturability. They also have utility in wear applications and high temperature applications. Transparent materials for ballistic protection are important to all branches of the military. Potential non-armor applications include domes and windows. |
| IDOLON TECHNOLOGIES
72 Stone Place Melrose, MA 02176 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 665-9200
Mr. George Hovorka SOCOM 00-007 |
| Title: | Sympathetic Detonation Underwater With Optical Means |
| Abstract: | The requirement for a light weight underwater detonator arises from the need to provide a reliable trigger signal under all conditions. The object of the Phase I is to determine the feasibility of an optical self-generating signal that has low power/energy requirments. This device will have a simple user interface and rugged construction. The aim of the proposed program is to build a prototype unit and evaluate it under a variety of realistic conditions. The results of this work are expected to be an underwater detonator that sends a reliable, unique signal due to a self-generating optical method. The commerical application of this device mining, demolition and avalanche control. |
| VORTANT TECHNOLOGIES
160 Wildflower Circle Sedona, AZ 86351 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 284-5334
Mr. Philip Schaefer SOCOM 00-007 |
| Title: | Innovative underwater trigger signaling system |
| Abstract: | For sympathetic underwater detonation, wireless triggering is highly desirable. A wireless trigger would avoid the problems associated with installing long, wired connections, and would permit a much larger stand-off from the detonation. Wireless underwater signaling, however, continues to be a difficult problem. For example, radio and acoustic waves have severe problems under water and near shore. A new type of signaling technology is proposed here. The technology takes advantage of properties of water which have not previously been used for communications purposes. A plan is presented to develop an underwater trigger signaling capability with this technology, and provide evidence that a trigger signaling system can be implemented with useful range and triggering capability. Successful preliminary feasibility test results are presented. The proposed technology will provide a new and effective method for underwater trigger signaling. It will allow trigger signals to be transmitted over significant distances. It is anticipated that the proposed solution will be very cost effective and provide signaling capability in a wide range of underwater conditions. The proposed technology has commercial application for SCUBA communication systems and communications with underwater craft. |
| CONTINENTAL CONTROLS & DEVICES, INC.
1921 N. Gaffey Suite J San Pedro, CA 90731 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 831-8669
Mr. James P. Hynes Jr. SOCOM 00-008 |
| Title: | Trimmable Waterjet Nozzle for Small Craft |
| Abstract: | Under some conditions, many boats are susceptible to burying their bow into oncoming waves. In the case of SOCOM's new NSWRIB, the low bow profile, relatively high loading and soft inflatable sponson exacerbate this concern. In this project we investigate several methods to reduce bow stuffing. These include pushing down at the back of the boat with trimmable jet nozzles, bendable transom trim tabs and aft movement of the Cg. We also look at holding the front up with an additional lifting surface, or `hydroski', which is bolted to the bow and is normally above the waterline, but provides large vertical force when needed. Advanced dynamic computer modeling, and instrumented ocean testing of 1/8 and _ scale prototypes in Phase 1 will demonstrate the feasibility of an eventual low cost retrofit for production boats. This project has an immediate application to production SOCOM small craft as well as commercial and recreational craft, and should lead to a better understanding of planing boat behavior in waves. |