| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
7519 Standish Place, Suite 200 Rockville, MD 20855 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 222-0444
Dr. Chujen Lin AF 02-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | UWB for Target Identification |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a target identification system using Time Modulated Ultra-Wide Band (TM-UWB) radars. The prototype hardware will be based on the TM-UWB ASIC chips developed by Time Domain Corporation of Huntsville AL. The only signals transmitted by UWB radars are pulses generated pseudo-randomly in time. The pulses we are currently using are « nanosecond in duration and the energy extends approximately from roughly .8 to 3 gigahertz. The energy content in any conventional frequency band is below the noise, making TM-UWB transmission highly covert unless you know the specific pseudo-random sequence. With TM-UWB there is no carrier frequency, no up-conversion and no down-conversion, and the output stage can be a single transistor which creates a binary pulse, all resulting in decreased radio size, cost, and complexity. The duty cycle of the pulse generated by our current hardware is approximately 1/200, resulting in low power consumption because 99.5% of the time, nothing is being transmitted. Because of the low frequency content of TM-UWB signals, they are able to penetrate foliage and nonmetallic obstacles better than conventional radars. During Phase I, we will design a UWB conformal array antenna system and demonstrate the prototype system in a laboratory environment. The primary potential military application for this technology is the location and identification of obscured objects. Civilian applications include future time domain communications systems as well as airborne mapping of buried cables, pipelines, and mine shafts. IAI and TDC are aggressively working to develop through-the-wall imaging radar for use by polices, fire fighters, and for use by the military for MOUT operations. There is great interest in through the wall imaging, and congress has specifically earmarked substantial funds for this development. The developments from the subject work should lead to the next generation of through-the-wall imaging radar. The ability to electronically steer radio transmissions will also increase the range and/or data rate of TM-UWB radios. |
| SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH ASSOC., INC.
15261 Connector Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 903-1000
Mr. Michael Marino AF 02-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Identification of Small Metallic Objects Using UWB Excitation |
| Abstract: | SARA proposes to design a coherent, hybrid, UWB detector and analyzer (CHUDA) system that uses commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology. SARA will use proven technologies and algorithms, developed during the conduct of 5 previous Phase II SBIR programs. CHUDA is comprised of multiple wideband conformal antennas, a hybrid radio frequency (RF) receiver, and a digital signal processor (DSP). This architecture has the combined benefits of spectrum analyzer and transient digitizer systems, while greatly reducing the disadvantages of these systems. The system will detect, identify, and localize ground objects. This SBIR addresses the receive system. We expect "small, metallic object detection" to be the primary product of the proposed technology. This system holds great promise as a commercial product and we envision the following commercial and military applications: The primary military application will be the a mobile and/or airborne system capable of detecting and identifying small (less than 6 ft.) metallic objects in a clutter environment. The system can be used to scan public places (airports, schools, sport stadiums, demonstrations, ...) to detect and pinpoint persons carrying metallic weapons. This system could augment search and rescue efforts. Sensors would be installed at various mountain peaks that are commonly used by hikers and cross country skiers. The system could locate lost individuals from their cell phone transmissions or by providing them with a transponder at the start their trip. The system could be installed in urban areas for localizing cellular 911 emergency calls. The system could be installed in urban areas for stolen vehicle recovery systems. The system could be used by local law enforcement for locating unauthorized transmitters. |
| CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORPORATION
727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-2567
Mr. Joseph Tesar AF 02-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An Optical Health Monitor for High Power Lasers |
| Abstract: | Research on high energy lasers (HELs) has been taking place in laboratories for several years. As the technology matures, HELs are moving out of the laboratory and into applications such as military weapons, industrial material processing and fusion research. HELs make significant demands on the optical components, often subjecting coatings, mirrors and lenses to optical energy near the damage threshold of the element. In less-than-ideal environments, contamination of mirrors and lens elements can quickly cause optical coatings to degrade. For this reason, the need exists for on-going monitoring of the critical elements in a HEL system. Cybernet proposes to develop an automated optical health monitoring system that can alert the laser operator to degraded performance and coordinate predictive maintenance. The system acquires data from a number of standard metrology instruments, storing diagnostic data into a dynamic database. Optical characteristics to monitor include reflectance, transmittance, scatter, photothermal and photomechanical response. Once data from the optical sensors is in the database, software routines based on expert systems will track diagnostic data and alert maintenance personnel when performance decreases, or when optically induced damage is imminent. Commercial applications include industrial material processing (welding, cutting, etc) and fusion research. |
| CLARK-MXR, INC.
7300 Huron River Drive Dexter, MI 48130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 426-2803
Dr. Larry Walker AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | The goal of this Phase I program is to define the system concept (including hardware and software) needed to produce holes whose entrance, bore, and exit are contoured to user-defined parameters, reliably and repeatedly time-after-time, with a minimum of intervention by the user, and in less than one minute per hole (hopefully substantially less.) We will demonstrate basic concepts by drilling 170 micron diameter holes in 1 mm thick metal plates using a commercial, ultrashort pulse micromachining workstation, and then compare the results to the requirements set forth in "Specifications for Rapid Hole Drilling" by William Latham. This Phase I program will lay the groundwork for construction and commissioning of a system whose performance provides the best fit to these requirements. This work will find applications in the military in the ABL program, in the automotive industry in the manufacture of fuel injectors that result in better fuel atomization (and consequently more efficient and cleaner burn), in the heavy-duty truck industry by helping them meet the EPA's goal for reducing emissions by CY-2007 (see www.epa.gov/otag/diesel.htm), in micromachining inkjet printers by eliminating the need to use the hazardous and corrosive gases required to run excimer lasers, in biomedical applications in the design and fabrication of "lab-on-a-chip" devices, and in the fabrication of stents serving specialized medical needs. |
| DYNAMIC STRUCTURE & MATERIALS, LLC
205 Williamson Square Franklin, TN 37064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 595-6665
Dr. Jeffrey S. N. Paine AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Hole Array Drilling Using Laser and Mechanical Processes |
| Abstract: | An innovative solution is proposed for production of precise hole arrays in metals and other materials. To create arrays of holes on the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm diameter and 0.5 to 5 mm deep, DSM proposes a combination of high peak-power lasers and very precise and accurate part manipulation. "Pico and femto-second" lasers with very short pulse duration and very high rep-rates produce streams of high intensity energy pulses that excel at micro-drilling of metals. A critical requirement for precise drilling and cutting is the avoidance of heat dissipation and the loss of concentrated energy at the ablation site. With the ability to deposit the energy at very short intervals and high rep-rates, heat dissipation can be minimized. By attempting the precise drilling of sample materials with a number of laser sources, an effective combination of laser wavelength, pulse duration and rep-rate will be determined. A novel part handling and precision manipulation platform will be used to achieve precise drilling control and correct for any laser beam quality errors (taper and/or non-circularity errors). Finally, Phase I will demonstrate the ability to rapidly position and process the part to achieve desired hole production throughput. Precision micro-machining and micro-processing of materials is an increasingly important tool for the production of MEMS, biomedical devices, photonics components, and precision apertures. The ability to accurately drill precise holes and handle the parts to facilitate rapid production of micron level features makes the production of these devices much less expensive. Devices such as the Singlet Oxygen Generator for the ABL and other injection devices can also be realized in a reasonable amount of time with rapid and accurate hole production. |
| E. M. OPTOMECHANICAL, INC.
#310, 13170B Central Ave, SE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 281-1746
Mr. Thomas A. Swann AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Laser Drilling and Inspection of Contoured Holes |
| Abstract: | The Air Force's Airborne Laser System needs technology to rapidly produce high-quality 170-micron diameter contoured holes in quantities of millions. At a target rate of one hole per minute, a single production workstation running 24/7 would take 46 years to produce the number of holes required for a fully operational system consisting of seven aircraft. E. M. Optomechanical, Inc. is proposing a unique combination of laser micromachining, machine vision, and robotics technologies into a cost effective workstation capable, with multiple workstations, of meeting the Air Force's quality and throughput requirements. The most critical feasibility issues are how fast can holes be produced, with the techniques necessary to produce high quality contoured holes, and how can the quality of the holes be assessed. The objective of this Phase I technical proposal is to experimentally produce high-quality contoured holes in one minute or less per hole and to determine a means to ensure the quality of the holes that are produced. E. M. Optomechanical has assembled a highly qualified team experienced in producing systems that incorporate laser micromachining, machine vision, and robotics technologies as well as the successful commercialization of work funded through the SBIR program. The Air Force's application is to produce holes in the injector heads of singlet oxygen generators that are used in chemical oxygen iodine lasers. In addition to drilling holes, the system proposed would be versatile enough to be used for many other laser micromachining applications. Commercial micromachining applications include microelectronics packaging, semiconductor manufacturing, medical devices and diagnostics, data storage devices, telecommunications devices, and computer peripherals. |
| EXTRUDE HONE CORPORATION
1 Industry Blvd, P.O. Box 1000 Irwin, PA 15642 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(724) 863-5900
Mr. Ralph Resnick AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | This project proposes to develop and quantify the performance characteristics for processing the holes in the injector heads of the ABL weapon system. The objective is to provide the Air Force and supporting contractors with the technology and equipment to manufacture holes of virtually arbitrary size, contour and accuracy. Techniques and concepts that will form the basis of machining holes with a new short-pulse laser system will be investigated. Specifically, it will be determined if it is feasible to produce holes of sufficient quality and at production rates capable of meeting specifications for the injector heads of the laser modules for the Air Force ABL weapon system. Development of short-pulse laser machining technology and processing parameters will lead to the design, manufacture and demonstration of a prototype Short-Pulse Laser Machining system capable of meeting the objectives of the injector heads for the laser modules on the Air Force ABL in Phase II. The new short-pulse laser technology proposed represents a significant advance in precision manufacturing and its potential is of the same order as other revolutionary new machining technologies of the past few decades. Short-pulse lasers can be used to precisely machine virtually any material, including metals, dielectrics, semiconductors and those that are optically transparent, and the process yields no heat affected zone, no mechanical damage, burr-free cuts, and no modification of material properties. It is clear that the technology will have broad impact over a range of market sectors and user communities. Both the commercial sector and the DOD would be attracted by the potential of the SP laser as an industrial tool. |
| LASER FARE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY GROUP
70 Dean Knauss Drive Narragansett, RI 02882 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 738-5777
Dr. Paul Jacobs AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Air Force must develop the ability to rapidly drill many millions of 170 micron diameter holes through metal plates, to form injector heads as part of its ABL program. The holes must be high quality, non-invasive to the surrounding metal, and the process must be less labor and time intensive than present methods. As discussed in this proposal the physics of material removal with pulsed lasers is uniquely different for short pulse laser drilling (pulse duration < 20 ps) than for the more common long pulse laser drilling ( > 20 ps.). During the proposed Phase I program we will perform analytical modeling of both long pulse and short pulse laser systems. Also, we will down-select the best candidate laser(s), based upon anticipated drilling speed and hole quality. Next, we will assemble/locate prototype candidate laser systems. This prototype system(s) will drill 300 holes in each of three 316 stainless steel plates, 0.2 mm, 1.0 mm, and 5 mm thick. Statistically significant mean value and standard deviation values of : (1) hole drilling time, (2) inlet diameter, (3) inlet eccentricity, (4) outlet diameter, (5) outlet eccentricity, and (6) surface roughness will be demonstrated in Phase I. The ability to drill precise, high aspect ratio holes at a highly productive, cost efficient rate is not only critical to the ABL lasing process, but it is also an enabling capability for other applications such as in the filtration industry and in the airframe industry. Small diameter precision holes have long been considered for the leading edges of airfoils (wings and stabilizers)for drag reduction, but lack of cost effective capability has stifled development of this concept Although these types of holes can be drilled on a limited, ideal condition basis, the time (schedule) and cost make it prohibitive to incorporate large numbers of these holes in concept designs. The benefit of consistent quality, high speed hole drilling on a virtually lights out 24/7 basis would enable these concepts to be a reality. |
| PARADIGM LASERS, INC.
402 Commercial Street East Rochester, NY 14445 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(585) 248-0290
Mr. Tim Irwin AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | To achieve the required accuracy, precision and production rate we propose to apply our specialized experience in lasers and Electrical Discharge Machining(EDM)for drilling precise 170æm diameter holes. The proposed technique combines the advantages of each of these technologies. Using a DPSS Laser to pre-drill the holes, rapidly removing 90% of the material, and EDM to finish the drilling process, ensures the desired hole geometry and internal surface quality, while having the goal of achieving an operational rate of one BHP injector head every two hours. We will demostrate the drilling process to confirm the soundness of our approach and provide a number of holes in the specified metal stock. A combined process drilling machine will be conceptualized and described for BHP injector production. There is a strong need in the industry for rapid drilling of small diameter precision holes in a variety of materials, a problem that as yet has not been adequately solved. Examples of applications are automotive fuel injection systems, ink jet printers, near-field optical scanning microscopes, Laval nozzles for gas dynamic lasers and many others. We believe that our approach will provide a good solution. |
| PHOTON PRIME INC.
119 South Vine Street Plainfield, IN 46168 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(317) 627-4829
Mr. David E. Stucker AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Drilling 170 Micron Diameter Holes |
| Abstract: | The process of producing tightly toleranced holes on the order of 170 microns enters into a realm of great difficulty. Though thousands of holes are produced in the automotive industry daily approximating this size, standard EDM techniques do not approach the tolerances requested of <0.01 X hole feature for a reasonable process time. Further compounding the problem is the increased difficulty of producing a said hole in a thicker substrate material as could be required for this particular program. In this Phase I Program, a 500W TRW DP-11 high brightness DPSSL laser, as developed under the DARPA sponsored Precision Laser Machining Program, will be used to laser process small diameter holes and evaluated as to define whether the required tolerances may or may not be met in a reasonable cycle time. If successful, it is projected that this process could replace a major portion of the EDM processed holes as done today. Given the success of this Phase I Program, an immediate benefit would be to provide the ABL and GBL Laser Programs a confirmed process and site for limited production of components. If carried through Phase II, it is proposed that a beta turnkey system would result allowing gasoline and diesel fuel injector drilling. Medical component processing would likely follow as applications arise. |
| PHYSICS, MATERIALS & APPLIED MATH RESEARCH, L.L.C.
1333 N. Tyndall Ave. suite 212 Tucson, AZ 85719 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 882-7349
Dr. Kevin Kremeyer AF 02-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Small Holes, Drilled in Hard Materials, Using Ultrasort Laser Pulses. |
| Abstract: | Ultrashort laser pulses are able to deposit nearly all of their energy before the target material responds significanly. As a result, they avoid the losses/scattering which typically accompany other forms of laser processing. Another benefit is the absence of the melt-phase with its associated slag and thermal trauma/cracking. The amount of material ablated by each pulse can be controlled by adjusting the pulse energy and spot size. For very small pulse energies, incremeental amounts of material can be removed. If the spot size is gradually reduced from pulse to pulse, the hole can be very smoothly tapered/contoured. Small pulse energies enable fine control, but also necessitate high pulse repetition rates in order to be useful. One of the main concerns involved in rapid pulse succession is the interaction of a given pulse with the ablation plume of its preceding pulse. This problem can be mitigated by machining in a vacuum, however when multiple holes are drilled, the pulses can be alternated among many holes, allowing sufficient time between pulses at any given hole. We propose the application of ultrashort laser pulses to drill arrays of small holes in hard and/or coated materials. lower cost, finer control, drill through coatings, etc The anticipated benefits of this technology are much lower cost and time requirements over conventional drilling methods in the ABL program. The method will also allow higher precision than conventional methods, leading to much finer control, and better mixing in the ABL combustion chamber. If coatings are used on the injector heads to make them more inert, the ultrafast laser drilling method will allow easy penetration of any coating that may be implemented. Another government application is the DOE's request for small holes of very large aspect ratios in diesel fuel injectors to increase their efficiency. This application is clearly for the commercial market, and will lead to advances that are useful to most all liquid combustion applications. Beside these government applications, there are many applications in commercial micro machining and micro-fluidics, as well as medical applications, such as dentistry. |
| BRASHEAR LP
615 Epsilon Dr Pittsburgh, PA 15238 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 967-7831
Robert Sobek AF 02-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Beam Train Flexible Structure Control for Airborne/Space-Based Systems |
| Abstract: | Brashear LP proposes to characterize the problem and possible solutions for acoustic induced disturbances. This problem will likely drive the LOS jitter stability of ABL and similar airborne pointing applications. The research will characterize the acoustic disturbance on ABL hardware then use this detailed description to employ more sophisticated methods of jitter control. Such methods include mechanical based solutions (both active and passive) and electronic motion control solutions. The approaches will be quantitatively compared and assessed for practical implementation. The proposed improvements in jitter control would have immediate impact on the ABL program. These benefits would include increased operating range to target, reduced dwell time on target or the possibility of designing and incorporating lightweight, flexible structures to reduce system weight. In addition to ABL any directed energy system on an airborne platform, such as ATL, would also benefit. Other directed energy systems such as M-THEL and SBL could also benefit from the improved jitter performance. Finally, any optical system subject to harsh vibration environments or high acoustic loads (such as those caused by high wind loads) could benefit from the proposed improvements in jitter control. ATL is similar application to ABL that is likely to see a higher acoustic disturbance environment from essentially the same sources as ABL. The goal of ATL is microradian pointing stability on a system intended for installation on various airborne platforms. The disturbance modeling techniques and the jitter control solutions learned in this SBIR would directly apply. Anticipated results for successful Phase I include: 1.A description of the acoustic disturbance problem that can be used to seed advanced jitter control methods. 2.Identification and quantified performance prediction of mechanical and structure based jitter control schemes including their effectiveness on the jitter control as a function of frequency. 3.Identification and quantified performance prediction of motion control based jitter control schemes including their effectiveness on the jitter control as a function of frequency. 4.A quantified benefit to the ABL mission parameters. 5.Experimental data that supports the qualitative attributes of a structure solution to acoustic induced jitter. |
| CSA ENGINEERING, INC.
2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 765-5860
Dr. Jerry Alcone AF 02-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Adaptive Filtering and Disturbance Feedforward Approach for Flexible Beam Train Control |
| Abstract: | In this effort, a novel Adaptive Filtering and Disturbance Feed-forward (AFDF) technique is investigated in the context of direct practical application to the ABL beam control system. High performance ATP systems such as those required for ABL often operate in intense aero-acoustic and structural vibration environments. The degradation in performance arising from these disturbances is accentuated as the mass/inertia of the beam train and its support structure are reduced. Further degradation in performance results from the structural-dynamic interactions excited by the high bandwidth, high acceleration operational characteristics, typical of ATP systems. The proposed technique integrates previous proven approaches to AFDF with recent advances in flexible structure sensing and control. The result is a practical AFDF implementation suitable for flexible beam train applications such as the ABL. A unique aspect of the proposed effort is the introduction of closed loop AFDF to improve overall disturbance rejection and simultaneously reduce both structural mode and aero-acoustic environment effects on system performance. CSA currently supports Lockheed-Martin on the development of the integrated beam control system for ABL. The AFDF approach has a direct transition opportunity to the ABL program due to its potential to reduce vibration-induced jitter in the ABL beam control system. Specifically, AFDF can improve performance with respect to turret buffet, stable platform pointing error, and non-common path jitter. CSA also supports a number of other DoD, NASA , and commercial customers in the development of aerospace stabilization systems. Since CSA is an established provider of these solutions, insertion of the higher performance AFDF algorithms represents a significant opportunity. In addition, CSA believes the commercial potential for the AFDF techniques developed in this effort are significant, due to their broad applicability to applications in other industries (e.g. automotive, semi-conductor, medical, etc.). Because AFDF potentially offers higher performance via a more efficient use of available sensing and actuation capability, a large opportunity exists for incorporating into both existing and future products such as isolation tables for wafer manufacturing, high performance automotive suspension systems. |
| PLANNING SYSTEMS INC.
12030 Sunrise Valley Dr, Suite 400, Reston Plaza I Reston, VA 20191 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 768-6500
Mr. Lawrence D. Davis AF 02-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Beam Train Flexible Structure Control for Airborne/Space-Based Systems |
| Abstract: | The increasing demands for higher performance optical acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) systems, combined with cost pressures requiring lighter payloads, indicates a need for a new approach to slewing and structural control. The use of lighter weight structures exacerbates the interaction of slew maneuvers and acoustic disturbances with the system's flexible modes, causing errors in the alignment and shape of the optical components that result in degraded optical performance. Such gimbaled systems will require control systems that can accommodate the time-varying disturbances, rigid-body, and flexible dynamics resulting from the changing geometry as the payload is slewed. To address these issues, we will show the feasibility of (Phase I) and demonstrate (Phase II) an adaptive control design approach that works during operation to autonomously identify the time-varying gimbaled optical system dynamics affecting the slewing bandwidth, then design feedback control laws to achieve predefined performance and stability criteria. Our technical approach is based on our Frequency Domain Expert (FDE) control algorithm, which has been demonstrated on the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE-II). The proposed technology development has the potential to significantly enhance the performance of large, gimbaled optics such as ABL and SBL. The ability of the new, autonomous control design procedure to provide both improved slewing and noise abatement without user intervention would prove especially beneficial to systems (such as SBL) with limits on communication with human supervisors. The same technology for control design will be useful in the commercialization arena, particularly for robotic applications in which a single control law is to function for a wide variety of system parameters and geometry. |
| ADVR INC.
910 Technology Blvd, Suite K Bozeman, MT 59718 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 522-0388
Dr. Gregg Switzer AF 02-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Frequency-Agile Monolithic Micro-Laser with Ultra-Narrow Linewidth |
| Abstract: | A method for generating a high power, continuous wave (cw) monolithic micro-laser with rapidly tunable, narrow linewidth output is proposed. The concept employs a semiconductor laser coupled to an electro-optically controlled Bragg waveguide in Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) providing single frequency output. Frequency tuning is achieved by applying a voltage across the waveguide, thereby changing its index of refraction. The targeted tuning range is 30 GHz in 1 ms by applying 18 volts across the waveguide. The output of the laser will be amplified to 1 Watt using a commercially available Yb-doped fiber amplifier. The combined system will provide a high power, rapidly tunable, single frequency output in a robust, monolithic package ideal for tracking fast moving objects in the atmosphere. KTP is an ideal medium for this application because of its high electro-optic figure of merit (~36 pm/V), high threshold for optical damage (~1 GW/cm2), low susceptibility to photo-refractive damage, and the ability to form low loss (0.5 dB/cm) waveguides using standard ion exchange techniques. KTP is transparent from 350 nm to 4500 nm, so the device will work for a wide variety of wavelengths ranges. The proposed monolithic laser will provide rapid tuning over a broad frequency range at high power making it ideal for laser tracking and spectroscopy. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Mark Phillips AF 02-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Frequency-Agile Laser for Target Velocity Compensation |
| Abstract: | Frequency-agile lasers with ultra-narrow linewidth are required for several coherent laser applications, including correction for Doppler frequency shifts between fast-moving platforms, and column content Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) measurements from Space with atmospheric depth biassing. Coherent Technologies Inc. proposes to develop a compact near-monolithic laser that provides 30GHz tuning capability, tunable over its full range in 1ms. The tuning mechanism will be intracavity phase modulation to provide settling times that are commensurate with the 1ms tuning period. A master oscillator, power amplifier (MOPA) architecture is implemented to allow power scaling to the 1W level and above. This program will leverage off CTI?s previous and existing work in frequency offset-locking of single frequency lasers for space-based platform compensation, and power scaling of single frequency lasers using large core fiber amplifiers to avoid nonlinear optical scattering. The tunable laser will likely be based on Nd:YAG, with amplification in an Yb:glass optical fiber. In the final configuration, a separate single frequency laser will be locked to a reference cell, and the tunable laser will be frequency offset-locked to the reference laser. The Phase 1 program will include a tuning demonstration of the low power tunable master oscillator. Anticipated applications include (1) Platform motion correction in Doppler Lidar systems,(2) Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) measurements. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
655 Aspen Ridge Drive Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Iain McKinnie AF 02-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Robust and Efficient Tunable Laser for HEL Applications |
| Abstract: | CTI proposes a compact, high-efficiency, high beam-quality 2.6-2.9 micron tunable low energy laser (LEL) for SBL applications. The LEL is required for alignment of HEL resonator optics and payload element, testing of diagnostics and low power testing. The proposed transmitter is based on a laser with OPO frequency converter, and provides significant advantages in efficiency, footprint and beam quality over similar state-of-the-art laser pumped OPOs. Improved performance results from two critical patent-pending technologies. The efficiency and beam quality of the drive laser are optimized using a proprietary technology that combines the high efficiency and diffraction-limited output of a single-mode fiber laser with the power-scaling of a bulk laser. The drive laser is also compact and readily ruggedized, with excellent thermal properties. The OPO uses an innovative architecture to maximize efficient conversion to required LEL wavelengths. Absorption problems in this region (common in many nonlinear materials such as PPLN) are minimized. Minor modifications to the OPO architecture can provide up to 40% efficiency enhancement at certain wavelengths, and single frequency operation using a proprietary low-loss spectral control technique. Phase I will conduct risk-reduction demonstrations of the two critical technologies. The program leverages multiple other programs at CTI, enabling delivery of a brassboard prototype laser in Phase II. In addition to LEL applications, robust, compact and efficient frequency-agile laser transmitters in the MWIR region are needed for commercial DIAL sensors for industrial chemical detection, pollution monitoring and leak detection. These lasers are also useful for scientific applications such as high resolution spectroscopy. With minor modifications, SWIR output can be generated as a diagnostic source for WDM communications. High efficiency infrared lasers are also attractive for wind-sensing, free-space communications, search and rescue beacons, IR countermeasures and medicine. |
| FIBERTEK, INC.
510 Herndon Parkway Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 471-7671
Dr. Floyd Hovis AF 02-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Wavelength Low-Power Solid State Lasers for Space Based Laser Systems |
| Abstract: | Abstract: The emergence of space-based lasers as a viable alternative for ballistic missile destruction in space has started a flourish of activity aimed at the development and testing of components and systems required for this application. Current schedule for the completion of these tests is very tight, and the lack of some special items not yet commercially or otherwise available calls for their early and accelerated development. A low-power laser device is needed for a high fidelity low-power realization of a beam with similar characteristics to the one produced by the high power HF laser. This beam is used for emission optics adjustments to precisely aim and focus the high power radiation on the target. Several concepts will be proposed and analyzed. This effort will lead to the design, testing and space qualification of the required lasers. The multi-wavelength and tunability capabilities provided by these lasers, within a power range of 1-10 watts, are very valuable characteristics for their use in other fields such as lidar applications. The novel solid-sate laser technology to be developed will decrease the size, weight and cost of high-power diode-pumped lasers. These reductions will make affordable applications including materials processing and large area displays |
| Q PEAK, INC.
135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-9535
Dr. Alex Dergachev AF 02-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Tunable diode-pumped IR laser source |
| Abstract: | The Space-Based Laser (SBL) requires a Low Energy Laser (LEL) system to serve as a high fidelity surrogate during startup and optical alignment portions of test operations. In this proposal, we will develop a CW, diode-pumped solid state laser that can meet the requirements for the LEL, namely a CW power level in the 1-10 W range, and wavelengths in the 2600-2900-nm region. The device, based on a direct diode-pumped Er:YLF crystal, is rugged, compact, tunable, and well suited for space-based systems. The general approach will be to develop the simplest possible design with a low component count, providing extreme compactness and ruggedness. In a Phase II program the diode-pumped Er:YLF laser first operated in the Phase I effort would be further engineered into a prototype unit suitable for field tests. The proposed laser technology has immediate applications in laser medicine, for precision surgery. Other possible applications are in low-level detection of gases for process control and in precision cutting and drilling of selected materials. |
| SPIRE CORPORATION
One Patriots Park Bedford, MA 01730 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 275-6000
Dr. Kurt J. Linden AF 02-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | New 2.7 micron Fiber Laser for Space Laser System Cost Reduction |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| ACULIGHT CORPORATION
11805 North Creek Parkway S., Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 482-1100
Dr. David C. Gerstenberger AF 02-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Energy Laser Diagnostics for Space Based Applications |
| Abstract: | In support of the SBL-IFX program, the Air Force Research Laboratory is interested in the development of advanced laser diagnostics that will provide diagnostic and monitoring optical tools to contribute to the success of the SBL mission. We propose here a novel laser system that can be used in a variety of applications related to this mission and can play a key role in the success of the SBL program. This source is based on a continuous wave (CW), room temperature, widely tunable, single frequency, diode-pumped, doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (DRO). The diode-pumped nature of this source results in a device that is compact, requires small amounts of power and offers the potential for packaging to meet final flight requirements. We propose an innovative and enabling technology with the potential to address many of the outstanding issues associated with the design and deployment of the IFX flight vehicle and future SBL missile defense system. The source has application in measuring key HF laser parameters and has significant utility in a wide array of applications including sensing and combustion diagnostics. |
| KESTREL CORPORATION
3815 Osuna Road NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-2327
Dr. Leonard John Otten AF 02-007 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Energy Laser Diagnostics for Space Based Applications |
| Abstract: | Kestrel Corporation proposes an adaptation of a new technology that provides compact set of laser wavefront diagnostics that have the ruggedness needed for a space based applications. An application of a unique grating based phase diversity sensor offers a sensitive wavefront measurement that includes tip and tilt information. The proposed Phase I SBIR will update theoretical models of the sensors and conduct laboratory experiments with existing equipment to demonstrate the diagnostic concepts. The application of the distorted grating wavefront sensing to cornea characterization represents a significant commercial technology transfer opportunity. Exploration of the advanced optical imaging technology can lead to applications in other existing biophysical techniques, e.g., cell level spectroscopy, to assist in understanding the development of a number of eye diseases. Uses in battlefield IR imaging through the highly disturbed atmosphere near the Earth's surface are reasonable extrapolations of the technology. Because the concept does not require an artificial beacon, the technology offers a heretofore unavailable covert compensation capability. |
| MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS CORPORATION
P.O. Box 1127 Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 378-5261
Mr. Ronald E. Lukins AF 02-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active In-Situ Contamination Control |
| Abstract: | A device and system has been envisioned that may be highly suitable for cleaning high energy laser mirrors in space, and capable of mitigating or reduce charge buildup, and capable of removing hydrocarbon film contaminants. Low-energy reactive plasma technology is known to encompass windows of high reactivity where the combination of system operating parameters and the conditions at the surface to be cleaned are such that high reactivity (cleaning) rates can be achieved. An innovative approach has been developed that allows a low-cost means for addressing the feasibility of these systems to accomplish desired objectives (precision cleaning, charge buildup mitigation,and hydrocarbon film removal). Several spin-off activities and commercial applications such as pllution preventing replacement of solvent for hydrocarbons, other organic contaminants, and bio-mass reduction are already known. the company would be the first entity to develop, market, and deliver a devise to remove particulate and hydrocarbon film contaminants from SBL coated high energy laser mirrors in space. We would work closely with the Air Force during Pahse I, II, and III in order to meet customer requirements. Upon completion, our primary market targets would be DoD/Government agencies, and satellite manufacturers. During development we would also investigate technology transfer for non-space based applications. |
| SOUTH BAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CORP
7525 W. 81st St., Playa del Rey, CA 90293 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 615-8432
Dr. Roger J. Withrington AF 02-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active In-Situ Contamination Control |
| Abstract: | The objective of the proposed program is to demonstrate that CO2 jet spray cleaning can be applied to the in-situ contamination control of optics in future Space Based Laser weapon systems. The ability to remove particulate contamination and achieve cleanliness levels of 100 on ultra low absorption coatings on single crystal silicon substrates will be demonstrated via scatter measurements. Electrostatic charge effects that may impact the contamination control process will be assessed. On phase 2, the conceptual design of a cleaning system developed on phase 1 will be built and used to establish whether successful in-situ particle removal can be applied in an SBL geometry without re-contaminating other optical surfaces. The experimentation will be performed in a vacuum, be in a geometry that is representative of SBL systems and make use of the Active Contamination Experiment for SBIRS low (ACES) program hardware. The result will be an affordable experiment that can subsequently be upgraded to a shuttle hitch-hiker experiment to validate the technology in space. Provides a fail-safe method to achieve extremely high particulate cleanliness levels on optics critical to SBL performance in space. Can also be applied to airborne and ground based laser systems that have similar cleanliness levels making them costly to maintain. Commercial applications include contamination control for commercial satellites, space manufacturing processes and particulate removal in adverse environments. |
| KESTREL CORPORATION
3815 Osuna Road NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-2327
Dr. Leonard John Otten AF 02-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Temporal and Spatial Resolution Laser Beam Diagnostic Sensor |
| Abstract: | Kestrel Corporation, with our collaborator Boeing SVS, proposes an infrared hyperspectral imaging technology to remotely sense the spatially distributed spectral signature fingerprints of a high energy laser against a distant target. This technology offers high temporal and spatial resolution for the purpose of measuring laser beam characteristics during airborne HEL engagements, while simultaneously collecting target response data. In this Phase I SBIR, we will define the requirements for a hyperspectral sensor and use of an existing MWIR hyperspectral imager to demonstrate the key technical issues. We will show that the sensor can be used to observe the HEL beam size, energy distribution, location on the target, and target spectral response, with centimeter spatial distribution at rates in excess of 30 full samples per second. The proposed technique takes advantage of the existence of Kestrel developed IR hyperspectral imaging to simultaneous observe reflected HEL energy with the IR radiation and absorption associated with the interaction of the beam on the target. Coupled with existing sensor pointing and tracking from SVS, the sensor offers a spectral, spatial, signature map created at milli-second rates with immediate presentation of the engagement results Uses within the commercial jet engine industry to measure engine performance across a broad band of applications including allow potentially debilitating flaws in the jet engine to be diagnosed during testing. The work addresses Airborne Laser (ABL) program requirements for an adjunct mission sensors and National Reconnaissance Office's (NRO) requirement for ultraspectral sensing. Government and commercial uses environmental monitoring, and applications in treaty verification and counter drug surveillance all benefit from a molecular line resolution spectral imager. |
| PHOTON RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.
5720 Oberlin Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-9741
Dr. George M. Beardsley AF 02-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Remote Imaging for Airborne Laser Target Observation |
| Abstract: | Flight testing of the Airborne Laser (ABL) weapon system requires detailed characterization of the beam-target interaction, including beam energy flux, uniformity, size, position and duration on target, over a several-second interaction period while the ballistic missile target ascends rapidly. This Proposal addresses the design of a remote imaging system, including a sensor, tracking sub-system, and airborne platform, capable of providing the necessary radiometric accuracy and spatial and temporal resolution while flying at a safe distance from both the target missile trajectory and the high-energy ABL beam. Typical test engagements will occur at the ABL flight altitude (40,000 feet) and above. A high-altitude sensor platform minimizes atmospheric attenuation and turbulence effects. We will assess the option of using the USAF-NASA `ARES' WB-57, with which our company has extensive mission planning and operations experience. We will explore the extent to which advanced image processing, including deconvolution algorithms leveraging the large signal due to ABL illumination, can deliver the required resolution with an affordable sensor aperture. The proposed high altitude, high spatial/temporal resolution remote imaging system is potentially applicable to other missile defense test scenarios, such as hit-to-kill intercepts outside the atmosphere. It would provide high-frame-rate image sequences of the impact debris cloud, minimally degraded by atmospheric effects. It would also be useful for observation and diagnosis of high altitude laser weapon effects testing in future USAF programs. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS INCORPORATED
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4266
Mr. Robert S. Fielder AF 02-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Directed Energy Target Failure Sensors |
| Abstract: | For the Phase I project, Luna Innovations proposes to develop a fiber optic, high-temperature, multiplexed temperature and strain sensor system for use in directed energy weapon experiments. Luna will leverage its experience with high temperature sensors and their patented fiber-optic based sensor systems to complete this research. A novel system will be based on proven fiber optic sensor technology, and will combine independent strain and temperature measurements in multi-parameter transducers. Sensors will be multiplexed to provide a distributed sensing system capable of making temperature and strain field measurements near the point of beam impingement. Fiber optic sensors are immune to electromagnetic interference, making them an ideal technology for advance energy weapon research. Luna's previous work in high temperature sensors for gas turbine applications has attracted the attention of several aerospace and aerospace sensor leaders who have agreed to test related high temperature sensors. By closely collaborating with these industry principals, Luna's technology will quickly transition from the laboratory to the market place, and will be engineered to meet specific industry needs. In addition to target failure analysis, the high temperature strain and temperature sensors developed here will find wide application in gas turbine, industrial, and structural monitoring systems. ú Commercial and military aircraft propulsion industry ú Turbine engine power generation industry ú Marine gas turbine industry ú Automotive industry ú Industrial processes ú Civil structural monitoring |
| SECOTEC, INC.
4935 CENTURY ST., STE 201 HUNTSVILLE, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 722-0000
Mr. David A. Kalin AF 02-010 Selected for Award |
| Title: | NO-Contact Damage and Optical Witnessing Network |
| Abstract: | A low cost, lightweight, optical network for target damage indication in flight with an optical monitoring array of wide and narrow FOV optical detectors built into a thin ring mounted on the rear of the vehicle. By alternating the FOV sensors, impact locations on the target can be monitored on the vehicle for both roll and distance. The optical monitoring will be non-contact and will look for in-band changes in the sensor field of view (HEL or KE damage). This system can monitor the location and time of impact as well as function as a pyrometer to determine the temperature and extent of the impact. A breakwire system can also be used to augment damage. Advanced capability to score GBL and SBL system. High temperature material processing will also be benefitted |
| ATEC, INC.
387 Technology Drive College Park, MD 20742 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 403-1744
Dr. John Lawler AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Heat Flux Sensor With Minimized Impact On Boundary Conditions |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a heat flux sensor that can be used to estimate the temperature and heat flux on the far side of a wall as a function of time. The configuration of the sensor is specifically designed to minimize the sensor's impact on the temperature and heat flux boundary conditions on the sensor's side of the wall, while allowing for both the capability of measuring very high heat fluxes and a high frequency response. Our sensor will employ components and techniques that are currently being used to study time-resolved (15 kHz) and spatially-resolved (0.3 mm) localized heat transfer rates under a vapor bubble during boiling. Our heat flux sensor will allow the measurement of the heat flux on the far side of a wall. This type of device would improve the development and testing of lasers, explosives, or chemical reactions, since our sensor will provide more accurate knowledge of the processes occurring at the interior containment wall of the testing apparatus. |
| JONA GROUP LTD.
140 Marine Street Farmingdale, NY 11735 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(631) 420-1271
Ronald Rothchild AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | New Thermal Sensors for Use with Inverse Heat Conduction Problems |
| Abstract: | Transient and high intensity heat transfer events are difficult to characterize by conventional means. Temperature is inherently an integral so precise information about the transfer process is lost by averaging. A temperature measurement can be differentiated, but then small errors due to noise and limited resolution are exaggerated. Moreover, high intensity transients can lead to temperatures that are destructively high for conventional sensors. To accurately characterize transients, an instrument is needed that can directly measure heat flux, or the rate of change of temperature dT/dt, over a broad temperature range. Jona proposes to address this need with a combination of calibrated intermediates with isolated elements, and dynamic range compression. Internal heat transfer will attenuate potentially destructive temperature peaks, while range compression enhances resolution and linearity. Objectives of Phase I are: 1. Survey potential instrument applications and develop a classification to minimize the required variations. 2. Develop conceptual designs for both heat flux and dT/dt measurements, and determine structural and dynamic requirements. 3. Develop means to compensate for actual temperature when measuring dT/dt. 4. Confirm critical mechanisms empirically and demonstrate direct rate measurement. 5. Prepare a preliminary design for prototypes to be built in Phase II The proposed instrument will permit accurate measurement of rapid thermal events, minimizing or avoiding the attenuation and averaging effects of intervening structure, even in locations with difficult access and destructively high temperatures. |
| METSYS CORPORATION
2014 Millwood Road Millwood, VA 22646 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 837-2186
Mr. Daniel R. Flynn AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | New Thermal Sensors for Use with Inverse Heat Conduction Problems |
| Abstract: | Inverse heat conduction involves the application of diffusion theory for estimating unknown boundary conditions, energy generation, rates, or thermophysical properties from measured temperatures or heat fluxes at other locations. Inverse problems are said to be ill-posed in that small errors in the data can produce randomly large variations in the prediction. It has recently been shown that the available of reliable measurements of the rate of change of temperature or heat flux with time can, in conjunction with temperature or heat flux data, provide much more reliable predictions than those obtained using the latter data alone. Unfortunately, there are no reliable sensors available for direct measurement of the rate of change of temperature or heat flux. It is proposed to develop such sensor designs, model their performance, develop simulation tools and error analyses, identify fabrication technologies, and develop plans for verification of sensor performance The sensors to be developed will be of critical importance in experimental investigations of heat conduction problems where the data must be analyzed by inverse heat conduction techniques, such as predicting what energy inputs at an inaccessible surface produced a measured response at an accessible surface. Examples include a structure subjected to a directed energy beam, surface conditions in the interior of a rocket or jet engine, or structures subjected to fire or explosion. Such sensors also can be used in fire detection systems. |
| MICROWAVE BONDING INSTRUMENTS
2400 N. Lincoln Ave. Altadena, CA 91001 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 296-6480
Dr. John Mai AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Microwave Bonded Heat-flux Sensor Array for High Temperature Applications. (Topic: New Thermal Sensors for Use with Inverse Heat Conduction Problems) |
| Abstract: | Starting with a proven high-sensitivity, high-density, micro-mechanical electrical system (MEMS) temperature-sensor array design, we propose to make appropriate material substitutions to create a thermal sensor capable of operating in hostile environments, such as at high temperatures, underwater, and in a vacuum. We will then use our patented microwave bonding processing technology to stack these temperature arrays to create robust, low cost, heat flux sensor arrays compatible with flush mounting in thin material substrates. Microwave Bonding Instruments, Inc., was founded to commercialize microwave silicon wafer bonding technology developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, California). The Company's mission is to become the leading provider of IC, MEMS, and MOEMS assembling equipment for advanced hybrid device applications. MBI is positioning its equipment in the current $2.4 billion die level interconnect equipment niche. Expertise gained from this project will assist MBI in packaging of other MEMS devices for telecommunications and MEMS fluidic devices valued together at up to $3 billion in 2001. |
| REDWOOD SCIENTIFIC, INC.
1005 Terra Nova Blvd. Pacifica, CA 94044 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 738-8083
Dr. John L. Lawless AF 02-011 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Heating-Rate Sensor for Use with Inverse Heat Conduction Problems |
| Abstract: | A new and novel sensor is proposed for measuring temperature and heating rate (dT/dt) in hostile environments. The sensor is optical and allows heating rates to be measured remotely. A small button of sensor material is placed on the target. Light emitted from the button is collected by optics and (optionally) directed in a fiber optic to deliver the light to a photodetector. The photodetector can be positioned remotely. This system can measure hearing rates (and temperatures) in materials subjected to rapid heating even in hostile environments. This is important for Air Force directed energy studies investigating material response to directed energy. It will also be useful in applications of commercial interest such as steel manufacture. High quality steel requires accurate control of temperatures during processing. Our sensor would replace current methods to measure steel temperature which fail in the hot and hostile environment of a steel plant. |
| G A TYLER ASSOC. INC. DBA THE OPTICAL SCIENCES CO.
1341 South Sunkist Street Anaheim, CA 92806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 772-7668
Dr. Terry Brennan AF 02-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active Target Tracking through Deep Atmospheric Turbulence |
| Abstract: | Conventional tracking schemes have reached their performance limit for systems such as the Airborne Laser operating in deep turbulence environments. The next generation of high precision tracking systems must exploit all information available to produce the desired track correction. A study of tracking from an integrated sensor perspective is proposed. This will include, but not be limited to, the use of wavefront sensor measurements to enhance the track estimate. A methodology will be developed which will lead to the assessment of tracking performance limits as a function of system parameters such as the Rytov number. Tracking concepts developed in this effort will be evaluated in detail with wave-optics simulations. A successful completion of this study of active tracking in deep turbulence will advance the state of beam control technology for systems experiencing tracking degradation due to high scintillation. This means extending the effective range of operation for weapons systems such as the Airborne Laser system. The concepts developed here will also have application to ground based laser systems and long range laser communication systems |
| TEMPEST TECHNOLOGIES LLC
Suite 208, 8929 South Sepulveda Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90045 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 216-1677
Dr. Yun Wang AF 02-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active Target Tracking through Deep Atmospheric Turbulence |
| Abstract: | In this proposal we consider the development of statistical image processing and filtering techniques for optical tracking in systems such as the AirBorne Laser (ABL) tactical missile defense system. Based on a combination of stochastic modeling for non-uniform illumination patterns with nonlinear Bayesian filtering, our methods promise to provide greatly enhanced tracking and pointing. Scintillation, the turbulence-induced fluctuation of image intensities, is widely regarded as a major problem for tracking and adaptive optics. The methods we propose herein provide the potential to mitigate significantly the effects of scintillation, thus enhancing system performance. Our estimation techniques are also relevant to problems of anisoplanatism that are of crucial importance in extended range ABL system design. Also included in this effort are the study of data fusion from wavefront sensors and pupil plane imagery and development of robust control designs for pointing. Collaborating with scientists and engineers at Georgia Tech, Trex Enterprises, and AFRL, we will use wave propagation simulations data and data collected in tests at Lincoln Laboratory's ACL facility to score the performance of these algorithms. Our partnership with Trex Enterprises, a leading developer of optical tracking hardware, will allow us to leverage the results obtained in this effort into hardware systems in a most efficient and cost-effective manner. Potential commercial applications will be of a military nature, as the effort proposed herein is heavily focused toward advancing ABL system capabilities. Other optical tracking and imaging systems will benefit, however, from improvements derived from this research. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS INCORPORATED
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-4270
Dr. Daniela Marciu Topasna AF 02-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Transparent Ionically Self-Assembled Thin Films for Contamination |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop improved, cost effective coatings for high-energy laser mirrors and windows that repel contamination based on transparent, highly efficient, and durable ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) films. The proposed program involves 1) demonstration of the underlying principle using aqueous ISAM chemistry and 2) build and test a prototype coating based on the new technology. This revolutionary method of creating multifunctional thin-films monolayer by monolayer has been proven to yield self-assembled, homogeneous thin films that can be deposited on any size and shape substrates, as well as on transparent flexible substrates. The ISAM technique allows for precise structural and thickness control at the nanometer level as well as for fabrication of thick multi-layer films. Luna Innovations has previously shown that the ISAM technique can be used to fabricate multifunctional thin-films monolayer by monolayer that are optically, electronically and photonically- active. The ISAM thin films offer additional major advantages of excellent homogeneity for low scattering loss, high thermal and chemical stability, and low-cost. The development of the organic thin film coatings will benefit the laser industry for contamination control of laser windows and mirrors. Coatings that repel contamination fabricated from ISAM thin films have a variety of military and commercial applications such as laser systems, various optical systems, telescopes, and window coatings for buildings. |
| METASTABLE INSTRUMENTS, INC.
5988 Mid Rivers Mall Drive, Suite 236 St. Charles, MO 63304 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(636) 447-9555
Dr. George Dube AF 02-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Develop Coatings that Repel Contamination |
| Abstract: | Attenuated total internal reflection couples light from the inside of a transparent optical material into an absorbing contaminant contacting the polished surface of that material. If that contaminant is strongly absorbing and the angle of incidence is optimized, more than 80% of the light is absorbed by the contaminant. At a certain mid infrared wavelength, water has very strong absorption, resulting in an absorption depth of less than one micrometer. We propose using pulsed mid infrared laser light absorbed by attenuated total internal reflection to remove water, ice, particles and other contaminants from the polished surfaces of optical elements, such as laser mirrors, windows and domes. Parasitic oscillations (total internal reflections) will losslessly trap the light within the material until it illuminates a contaminated area, at which time attenuated total internal reflection will transfer some of the light into the contaminant, thus heating and removing that contaminant. Internally reflected laser light may also be used to detect the presence of surface contaminants. For substrates not transparent at the mid infrared wavelength and in some other cases, the addition of a simple cover plate or coating may optimize the attenuation of the internal reflection and the contaminant removal process. Clean and dry polished surfaces are crucial for the successful operation of high power lasers, low scatter photographic/optical/lithographic devices and submicron semiconductor components. This space-qualifiable cleaning technique consumes no fluids or materials, works equally well on entrance and exit surfaces, does not increase the IR signature of the host platform and is capable of both detecting and removing water, ice, frost, dew, particles and other contaminants. |
| PVD PRODUCTS, INC.
231 Andover Street Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9455
Mr. Larry Stelmack AF 02-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rugged Packaging of Laser Optics |
| Abstract: | The program will emphasize contamination control and the testing of candidate protective, low-maintenance coatings for high-energy laser optics. Coatings will be screened for adherence, environmental durability, and optical properties. The most promising approaches will be applied to laser optical components, and tested. Specifications and conceptual designs will be generated for the most successful coating process and associated deposition and substrate handling equipment. The availability of robust packaging methods for coated optical components will have benefits in many areas of application for lasers, including material processing systems, LIDAR systems, and aerospace systems. Many non-optical commercial applications will be served in data storage, wear and friction reducing coatings, microelectromechanical devices, microelectronics manufacture, displays, and ophthalmics. |
| SRS TECHNOLOGIES
1800 Quail Street, Suite 101, P.O. Box 9219 Newport Beach, CA 92660 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 971-7846
Mr. Greg Laue AF 02-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Stress Coatings for Large Scale Membrane Mirrors |
| Abstract: | The need for very large aperture (>10m) mirrors for space applications is pushing current technology to its limits in providing a material and design that meet required launch restraints. The concept of using a membrane mirror would allow a light-weight and deployable primary to become a viable option in multi-meter sized aperture imaging and High Energy Laser systems. To maintain the required shape yet retain the pliability of a membrane, methods of applying thin-film optical coatings to counteract residual stress in the membrane to maintain a prescribed curvature will be developed using evaporative deposition. This includes metrology techniques to measure the thickness and stress in such coatings, which will be prescribed by finite element analysis. The end result is a coating process to maintain a curvature in a membrane mirror with traceability to large-scale production. The successful demonstration of the proposed concept of using stress-coatings to maintain a curvature in a membrane mirror will provide an immediate impact on many current and future USAF, NASA, and other DoD space-based large aperture imaging or High Energy Laser (HEL)applications. Many require multi-meter apertures capable of being deployed after launch. The development of this technology would enable such designs to become a reality and also open the door for commercial parties that are interested in the use of very large aperture mirrors. This would not be limited to HEL or imaging applications but also radio frequency and even microwave transmission. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Akbar Fard AF 02-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Coating Design to Shape Compliant Optics into a Parabolic Net-Shape |
| Abstract: | Triton systems, a leading developer of thin film membrane materials for space application, has teamed up with Professor Christopher Jenkins of the Compliant Structures laboratory of the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T) and Dr. Jack Bradshaw of Atkinson Thin Film Systems to address the critical design and fabrication requirements of large space-based optical telescopes. On this Phase I, Triton's team will utilize its broad experimental and theoretical expertise in membrane materials and coatings to develop a parabolic net-shape telescope. It is well known that the coating of a substrate produces intrinsic and extrinsic stress leading to deformation of substrate. In this program, we will use this concept to shape a parabolic mirror. We propose to design a "tunable coating" system that leads to control the shape of membrane. A mathematical stress coating model will be developed. This stress model will provide us with prescription coating that will guide the coating material selection, polymer membrane selection, coating geometry, and device fabrication. Moreover, We will develop a new metrology to evaluate important membrane properties, in particular, the coating stress. The success of the proposed concept will provide a revolutionary approach to fabricate large, lightweight, space-based telescopes. Some of the benefits of stress coating technique to obtain a net-shape mirror are: ú Reduced optical wavefront distortion ú Less stringent structural and material requirements ú No need for make-up gas, in contrast to inflatable structure ú Low weight and low cost space-based mirror ú Less handling logistics requirements ú Scalable to large telescope |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(925) 743-1110
Dr. David J. Cook AF 02-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Application of Quantum Cascade Lasers to High Explosive Detection |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop and demonstrate a chemically-specific standoff sensor for detection of explosive materials within sealed containers, buildings, or clothing. Differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) methodology will be used to provide chemical specificity. Our innovation is the extension of DIAL technology to Far-IR (THz) wavelengths for enabling structure-penetrating radiation to probe molecular features of target substances. This technology represents a long-standing need with the DoD, FAA, and security community for detection of explosive devices containing little or no metal concealed in trucks, luggage, packages, and under clothing. The Phase I program will demonstrate the feasibility of the concept through experimental measurements of absorption spectra of target compounds and structural materials and the first demonstration of a current-pumped Quantum Cascade laser-based sensor in the THz frequency regime. In the Phase II portion of the program, a compact sensor will be developed, tested, and delivered to the Air Force. This program will demonstrate a structure-penetrating DIAL apparatus with the capability of chemically- specific detection of explosive materials. Such an apparatus represents a long-standing need in the military for the detection of hidden illicit materials. Significant commercial applications of the enabling sensor technology exist in the petro-chemical and bulk materials processing industry. PSI has already established a commercialization partnership with the Dow Corporation to exploit these markets. |
| SENSPEX
524 Camino de la Tierra Corrales, NM 87048 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 922-0037
Mr. Miguel Moreno AF 02-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Application of Quantum Cascade Lasers to High Explosive Detection |
| Abstract: | During the past few years, and particularly in the last few months after the events of the September 11 terrorist attack, the need of a portable remote-detection system for chemicals agents and explosives has become a priority and necessity to combat global terrorism and confront modern chemical and biological warfare. The present times also offer significant advanced in science and technology to solve critical problems. This project will develop a portable remote sensing system for detecting explosives and chemical agents. The system will use Raman spectroscopy, quantum cascade lasers, and Lidar technology. The program described in this Phase I proposal will determine the feasibility of the concept of an IR Lidar Raman system based in a low resolution Raman spectrometer and the use of QC lasers as the excitation source in the IR region. Completion and performance of the proposed system will follow in Phase II. There is a need for advanced chemical detection sensors. The application of a portable chemical detection system based in Lidar technology is broad. Extending from identification of harmful clouds and vapors, remote detection of high explosives, drug smuggling surveillance and detection, to environmental remote analysis. |
| CSA ENGINEERING, INC.
2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 765-5860
Dr. Jerry Alcone AF 02-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improved Adaptive Reconstructor Algorithm Performance using Field Programmable Gate Arrays |
| Abstract: | A key element required for the successful implementation of higher performance Adaptive Optics (AO) systems is to increase processor performance while minimize mass, volume, and power consumption. A processor based on Field Programmable Gated Arrays, FPGA, offers significant advantages in implementing an ideal image processing architecture. These include: true parallelism, interface throughput, multiply accumulate throughput, determinism, simplicity, and flexibility. Closely associated with this is the Adaptive Reconstructor Algorithm, ARA, used to estimate the wave front. The ARA offers significant improvement in AO performance by changing the basic characteristics of the AO loop to minimize the residual slope error. The computational load, memory requirement and input-output requirements of the ARA heavily impact the processor. It must be tailored to the resolution and dynamic range (both spatial and temporal) of the DM and the Wave Front Sensor, WFS. It must also be integrated with the dynamics of the DM control loop so as to enhance the disturbance rejection characteristics of the system. This effort focuses on developing an appropriate ARA to be used in a FPGA implementation to greatly improve overall AO performance. AO systems are an integral component of directed energy and other optical systems. The performance improvements sought with this effort are key to meeting the stringent performance objectives required tracking targets through atmospheric turbulence for DoD applications of interest. In addition, there is significant commercial potential to be realized for the ARA and FPGA-Processor approach. These include industrial robotics and inspection systems, large dimension process controllers, and medical lasers and imaging systems. |
| G A TYLER ASSOC. INC. DBA THE OPTICAL SCIENCES CO.
1341 South Sunkist Street Anaheim, CA 92806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 772-7668
Dr. Glenn A. Tyler AF 02-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Real Time Adaptive Signal Processors for On-line Performance Optimization of Adaptive Optical Systems |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORPORATION
Post Office Drawer 719, 735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9261
Dr. Matthey R. Whiteley AF 02-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Tracking Through Laser-Induced Clutter for Air to Ground Directed Energy Systems |
| Abstract: | We address acquisition, tracking, and aim-point selection on tactical targets for air-to-ground high-energy laser (HEL) applications. Effects of complex natural clutter are considered, in addition to effects related to laser propagation such as weather, battlefield obscurants, atmospheric turbulence and thermal blooming. We propose the use of passive multi-spectral sensing techniques for rejecting natural clutter during initial target acquisition. Active, multi-pulse laser radar imaging is proposed for mitigating effects of camouflage, smoke, and other battlefield obscurants in target tracking and aim-point selection. To treat turbulence, thermal blooming, and aero-optical effects, we propose a new direction-angle ambiguity rectification technique. This technique builds on a block-matching algorithm for imaging through horizontal turbulence to determine the laser pointing errors present over a target scene extending many isoplanatic patches. From this information, the direction-angle ambiguity associated with high-resolution range measurements in the presence of turbulence, thermal blooming, and aero-optical gradients may be corrected for use in pattern recognition. Additionally, the block-matching processing output may be used to correct tilt-anisoplanatism resulting in proper HEL stabilization. We propose the development of a MATLAB toolbox to interface Government-developed WaveTrain and Infrared Modeling and Analysis (IRMA) codes for simulation and analysis of tactical directed energy applications. Laser radar imaging techniques show great promise in navigation, identification, and remote sensing. The technologies developed here can be applied to 3-dimensional imaging of objects at long ranges over horizontal paths or through obscurants such as clouds and smoke. This technology may be applied to airport traffic control, fire-fighting, and autonomous vehicles. Additionally, this technology may be used in applications where long-range laser pointing is required, such as laser designation, laser communication, and laser weapons. This effort will result in a software toolbox that integrates capabilities of two existing Government codes for propagation modeling and scene generation. This toolbox may be used in other projects to address the combined effects of propagation and scene clutter in air-to-ground imaging and beam control applications. |
| TREX ENTERPRISES CORPORATION
10455 Pacific Center Court San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 646-5479
Dr. Mikhail Belen'kii AF 02-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Tracking Through Laser-Induced Clutter for Air to Ground Directed Energy Systems |
| Abstract: | Dramatic improvements in laser power and beam control technology combined with agility and speed with which directed energy can be retargeted and delivered through the atmosphere to the target makes laser-based weapon highly desirable for several key mission tasks in tactical battlefield environments. Success of the air to ground directed energy systems depends on their ability to acquire and track stationary or slow-moving targets on the ground in changing scene environments under different weather and smoke conditions, camouflage conditions, and in the presence of strong background reflection. To develop a new tracking capability, we propose to build and demonstrate a novel multi-spectral tracking system, which integrates polarization diverse adaptive multichannel radar (AMR) with an optical tracker. In addition, we propose to develop and test two novel tracking algorithms: a hybrid filter, which allows us to track multiple optical targets in clutter environment, and polarization space-time adaptive processing technique, which uses space, time, and polarization diversity to enhance radar tracking performance. Phase I evaluates performance of active and passive optical trackers for various engagment scenarios and selects the best approach, develops and validates a hybrid tracking filter, develops polarization extension of space-time adaptive radar processing technique and evaluates its performance. It also evaluates the effects of anisoplanatism and thermal blooming on pointing accuracy of a combat beam and develops a concept for integration of the radar with an optical tracker. Tracking or observing objects through smoke and fire conditions has always been a problem for firefighters as well as vehicles attempting to navigate through fog. Infrared scanners deployed on large forest fires only could provide information on the actual fire line. Tracking in clutter algorithms developed under this program could lead to a considerable increase in imagery information acquired from a flying platform on location of equipment and personnel. These algorithms can also increase a reliability of navigation systems used on cars. |
| NOVA PHASE, INC.
435 Route 206 Newton, NJ 07860 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 300-4400
Dr. Barry Wechsler AF 02-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Periodically Poled Stoichiometric Lithium Tantalate for Nonlinear Optical Frequency Conversion |
| Abstract: | This proposed research effort program will enable new sources of laser radiation from the near uv through the mid-IR. This will be accomplished by growth and characterization of large high-quality stoichiometric lithium tantalate crystals and demonstration of the superior performance of these crystals in nonlinear optical frequency conversion of well established laser sources via quasi-phase matching. Quasi-phase matched devices base on stoichiometric lithium niobate have applications in generation of laser wavelengths not currently readily availble from blue generation for laser projection displays, mid-IR wavelengths for medical lasers and remote sensing of chemical and biological agents. Periodically poled devices are also used for wavelength channel switching and line switching in telecommunications. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(925) 743-1110
Dr. Douglas J. Bamford AF 02-021 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Periodically Poled Stoichiometric Lithium Tantalate for Nonlinear Optical Frequency Conversion |
| Abstract: | The Air Force needs non-linear optical crystals which can efficiently convert radiation at the wavelengths of solid-state lasers into radiation at other wavelengths. Existing materials which have the desired non-linear conversion efficiency have other shortcomings, including vulnerability to optical damage and limited ultraviolet transparency. Recently a promising new material with superior damage resistance and ultraviolet transparency, stoichiometric lithium tantalate, has become commercially available. Wafers of this material have shown good non-linear conversion efficiency when patterned appropriately. Our innovation is the production of patterned stoichiometric lithium tantalate using commercially practicable techniques which have already led to one successful product, periodically poled lithium niobate. The result will be a commercial product which meets Air Force requirements for conversion efficiency, damage resistance, and transparency. During Phase I we will prove feasibility by showing that our patterning techniques are effective on commercially available substrates. In Phase II we will prove practicality by decreasing the size of the patterned features, increasing the thickness of the patterned wafers, and measuring the non-linear optical performance of the resulting optical chips when pumped with high-average power solid-state lasers. At the same time, we will work with a commercial partner, Deltronic Crystal Industries, to establish the necessary crystal-growth facilities. This program will lead to commercial production of a new non-linear optical material. We will work in partnership with Deltronic Crystal Industries, a major supplier of optical crystals, to enable rapid market penetration. Customers will include the developers of high-average power optical parametric oscillators and second-harmonic generators pumped by solid state lasers, who wish to avoid the damage issues associated with existing materials. |
| FARR RESEARCH, INC.
614 Paseo Del Mar NE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 293-3886
Dr. Everett G. Farr AF 02-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Artificial Dielectrics and Fresnel Lenses for High Power Microwave Applications |
| Abstract: | Lens antennas with large apertures could be useful in a variety of High-Power Microwave (HPM) and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications. Such lenses are needed in the frequency range of 0.2-2 GHz, and they must have low loss and dispersion. Existing lenses made of solid dielectric materials, such as polyethylene, are too dense and weigh too much to be practical for large apertures. To build a lightweight lens, one would consider an artificial dielectric (AD) material. Commercially available artificial dielectrics are typically composed of conductively coated glass micro-spheres embedded in epoxy. While they have one-sixth the density of polyethylene, they could be made even lighter with an improved design. A lighter artificial dielectric can be manufactured in a variety of forms, the most promising of which appears to be a uniform array of discs embedded into a lightweight foam. The density of such a material is roughly proportional to the bandwidth of the material. If we limit the high end of the material performance to 2 GHz, then our calculations show that metallic discs embedded in foam will have a density one-third that of commercially available ADs, and one-eighteenth that of polyethylene. To achieve even lighter lenses, we propose the use of Fresnel lenses for the narrowband HPM case. Fresnel lenses use less material than conventional lenses because they allow for 360-degree phase shifts in the aperture fields as they pass through the lens. Fresnel lenses may be composed of standard or artificial dielectric materials, and they can provide an additional factor of three in weight reduction. They are effective only over a narrow bandwidth, but for HPM applications that may be sufficient. This research will lead to a new design for a large, lightweight lens antenna suitable for use in High-Power Microwave or Ultra-Wideband Antennas. A prototype artificial dielectric material will be built and tested during Phase I. We will also develop a design for a Fresnel Lens that will further reduce the weight for narrowband applications. |
| RF ENGINEERING
157 North Reamstown Road Stevens, PA 17578 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(717) 336-0865
Mr. Ron Focia AF 02-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Artificial Dielectrics for High Power Microwave Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing lightweight artificial dielectric materials for High Power Microwave (HPM) source lens designs. Conventional HPM lenses are usually machined from a dense material exhibiting the desired electrical characteristics, such as polyethylene, and are inherently heavy. Heavy lenses are undesirable for handheld, mobile, aircraft, and especially spacecraft applications. There is an alternative approach to source lens design. Lightweight artificial dielectrics can be constructed of a composite material. One element of the composite is a low loss background (or substrate) dielectric and the other is an additive consisting of metallic particles, metallic flakes, or conducting spheres. The additive acts to increase the dielectric constant of the substrate material and a wide range of values are theoretically possible. Additionally, if the substrate is made of plastic, manufacturing of components can be greatly simplified by using injection molding techniques and the weight can be significantly reduced by introducing voids into the material. Other more complicated alternatives exist for manufacturing composite dielectrics for use in narrow band applications. In this case, resonant structures are used in a periodic array and theoretically any value of permittivity and permeability, even negative, can be achieved. Any application suffering a penalty for the weight of conventional electromagnetic lenses will benefit from this research. The cost of manufacturing will also be greatly reduced by technology investegated in the Phase I research. |
| PHOTODIGM, INC.
1225 N. Alma #110, Bld. 412, P.O. Box 830938 Dallas, TX 75083 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(214) 768-3032
Dr. Gary Evans AF 02-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lenslike Grating-Outcoupled Surface Emitting Laser with Superstrate Reflector |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes two major improvements to an existing research concept for a high-average-power surface-emitting semiconductor laser with high brightness. The existing concept is the use of a lenslike lateral waveguide with a grating in the longitudinal direction to provide feedback for laser oscillation in second-order and outcoupling from the substrate surface in first-order. We predict that such a device, with a cavity length of about 1 cm and a lateral active width of about 100 um can provide about 10 W of peak power. By monolithically combining 40 columns of these devices on 250 um centers, a peak power of 400 W could be obtained from a 1 cm x 1 cm chip area. A grown-in epitaxial reflecting stack will minimize loss of light caused by the bi-directional outcoupling of the grating. Efficient transfer of heat from the quantum well active region is obtained by mounting the device junction-side down with uni-directional emission through the transparent, anti-reflection coated substrate. Uniform current-injection and low contact resistance will be achieved by direct metalization to the contact layer. Distributed contacts and narrow (compared to the width of the lens waveguide) contacts will be investigated to provide low resistance. Semiconductor lasers are by far the most efficient source of laser light. However, a long term problem has been maintaining beam quality, coherence and brightness as the laser power is scaled to the Watt level and beyond. High power semiconductor lasers at the Watt level are required today for both EDFA and RAMAN amplification in fiberoptic telecom systems in order to enable transmission of data over long distances. Higher power (up to 10 W and 100 W levels) semiconductor lasers are also required for pumping solid state and fiber lasers, as well numerous industrial applications including laser welding and medical applications such as photodynamic therapy. The monolithic GSE approach in this proposal is inherently low cost to manufacture and will significantly increase the coherence and brightness of high power (100 W level) semiconductor lasers while maintaining high efficiency. |
| STELLAR DISPLAY CORPORATION
2020 Centimeter Circle Austin, TX 78758 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 997-7780
Dr. Leonid Karpov AF 02-025 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of Super High Frequency Schottky Barrier Vacuum Transistors |
| Abstract: | An extremely high speed transistor is proposed for low-noise high frequency amplifiers using a Schottky barrier with vacuum gap. Low-cost vacuum microelectronic devices have immediate opportunities in the $100 Mn market for cell phone RF devices. They haave further opportunities in high-speed and radiation hardened circuits. |
| AEROVIRONMENT INC.
825 S. Myrtle Avenue Monrovia, CA 91016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 357-9983
Dr. Zaher Daboussi AF 02-026 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Dynamic DC Source and Load System with Energy Recycle Capability |
| Abstract: | The development of batteries, fuel cells, flywheels, and other portable energy sources requires power electronics devices to test performance parameters. In most cases, the power electronics devices serve as a load, distributing energy to the grid. For batteries, the devices can also serve as a source of energy for charging. To date, these devices have only been available and cost-effective for large systems on the order of ten-kW's or more and for high voltage. The proposed Phase I effort will investigate the feasibility of developing a bi-directional source/load device with on-grid capability in the two- to five-kW power range. For battery laboratories, with twenty to thirty test stations, the individual station devices would tie into a master server through a DC bus. These devices would have complex characterization capabilities to preserve the functionality of the commercial industrial test devices. They would also have fast charge capabilities. AeroVironment will overcome technical challenges using our commercial high power equipment as a design basis along with our extensive power electronics expertise. By demonstrating feasibility, we will enable greater flexibility in testing portable energy sources such as batteries and fuel cells and allow excess energy to be recycled to the grid. Anticipated benefits include the ability to characterize battery and other energy source performance parameters through a complex range of cycles, while allowing excess energy to be recycled to the grid. Commercial applications include not only government test laboratories, but also the industrial fast charge market for batteries. |
| TLC PRECISION WAFER TECHNOLOGY, INC.
1411 West River Road North Minneapolis, MN 55411 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 341-2795
Mr. Sasidhar Vajha AF 02-027 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A 94 GHz Aperture Coupled Circularly Polarized Transceiver Antenna |
| Abstract: | Current spaceborne communication systems and missile seeker systems require parallel advances in the W-band (94 GHz) multifunction phase array antenna systems. Relatively large aperture areas of the existing antenna systems radiate heat rapidly into space from the RF components. Also, the existing low-phase noise, tunable local oscillators (LO) used for the RF front-ends of the spaceborne communication systems are external, relatively heavy and bulky. A small low-cost, light weight power and thermal management system integrated with the RF system, which occupy less space si needed. The proposed light weight, lwo cost, 94GHz phase array transceiver antenna will have excellent thermal management and exceptional power and resolution. The proposed all MMIC 94GHz aperture coupled transceiver antenna will take care of the thermal management issue by taking advantage of the aperture coupling. It has a novel low phase-noise LO which include a TLC designed 47GHz DRO followed by a TLC's doubler MMIC. There are a wide variety of possible post appications in both commercial and defense sectors in addition to the missile seeker,smart weapon, and radiometry applications. The proposed project will have potential use fo the Federal Government in telecommunications portable and Satellite applications as well as radar and meteorological sensing systems. The potential for high precision radar, tracking system in commercial telecommunication systems is enormous. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Mr. Michael P. Grace AF 02-027 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multifunction Phase Array Antennas |
| Abstract: | Space-based radars for detection and precision tracking of air and ground targets over the entire battlefield require extremely large apertures. Toyon Research proposes to develop an innovative active lens antenna concept that promises excellent RF and DC power efficiency as well as excellent thermal, mass, and packaging efficiency. The proposed research will explore the use of component technologies developed on the TRAM program and other efforts in the active lens application. The ultimate goal will be to develop an antenna system with very large bandwidth capable of meeting tactical air-and ground surveillance requirements. The proposed research will develop a new generation of space-based radars to detect and track mobile targets with higher performance and lower cost than previous designs. A constellation of such radars will give the U.S. a better picture of trouble spots around the globe and support immediate, pinpoint response when intervention is appropriate. |
| BRIMROSE CORPORATION OF AMERICA
5024 Campbell Blvd.,, Suite E Baltimore, MD 21236 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 668-5800
Dr. G.V. Jagannathan AF 02-028 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Next-Generation 35-40% Efficient Multijunction Solar Cell: Development of High Efficiency (>35%) and Radiation Resistant 4-Junction Solar Cells on InP |
| Abstract: | Brimrose Corporation has identified 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 1.91 eV band gap III-V semiconductor materials, lattice matched to InP for producing high efficiency 4- junction solar cells for space application. Phase I objective are follows: (1) Optimize the epitaxial growth of 0.75 and 1.0 eV materials and tunnel junction inter connecting these two band gap solar cells and fabricate a high efficiency single junction solar cell and characterize it to prove the concept and (2) Optimize through modeling and epitaxial growth results the 4-junction solar cell device structure. Phase II objectives are : (1) Optimize the growth conditions for producing the optimized 4-junction solar cell structure and subsequently fabricate and test the 4-junction device. (2) optimize the conditions for large area processing (3"diameter or more) and (3) Design a inter connected dual chamber MOCVD multi wafer production reactor for producing these 4-junction solar cell structure in a continuous manner without the problem of memory effects. Samples of single junction cell and details of optimized 4-junction solar cell structure through modeling will be provided to Air Force at the end of Phase I program. The success of the research will be the availability of very high efficiency 4-junction solar cell for space application. The major spin off is the use of this solar cell system for production of high efficiency concentrator terrestrial solar energy conversion system. |
| HITTITE MICROWAVE CORPORATION
12 Elizabeth Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-3343
Mr. Peter Katzin AF 02-029 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Phased Array Antenna Power Amplifier Modules |
| Abstract: | Today's high-performance radars rely on electronically steered arrays made of thousands of radiating elements with a transmit/receiver (T/R) module connected to each element. One critical design goal for T/R modules is maximization of the power-added efficiency (PAE) of the transmitter power amplifier, usually defined near its saturated output power level (Psat). As more sophisticated modulation waveforms or multiple carriers are introduced, power amplifiers near saturation introduce unacceptable distortion effects. This means that the output power has to be backed-off from Psat with potentially major degradation in PAE. This program will focus on development of distortion reduction and efficiency enhancement techniques applicable to complex modulation or multi-carrier systems and practical implementation of these circuits, including adaptive bias optimization to compensate for variations in signal levels, temperature, and load conditions. The design approach to be evolved will stress capabilities for distortion cancellation and efficiency enhancement, and for integration of the complete circuit into one (or more) MMIC chip(s) that can be incorporated into standard T/R modules. The proposed program will lead to MMIC design concepts for reduction of non-linear distortion and efficiency enhancement in power amplifiers for one or more specific applications with well-defined frequencies of operation, bandwidths, and modulation formats. Successful development of such concept will lead to expansion of the range of application of power amplifiers, in general, and space-based radars, in particular. |
| CALABAZAS CREEK RESEARCH, INC.
20937 Comer Drive Saratoga, CA 95070 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 741-8680
Dr. R. Lawrence Ives AF 02-030 Selected for Award |
| Title: | MEMS-based Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers for Space Applications |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop and demonstrate a miniaturized, high efficiency, 100 GHz, 5 W, traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) incorporating micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques. A combination of innovative component designs based on three-dimensional (3D) MEMS fabrication capabilities and advanced computational tools will lay the foundation for miniaturizing TWTAs, thus enabling operation at or above 100 GHz. Initially, the program will investigate novel concepts to miniaturize critical components while optimizing for high efficiency and reduced mass. In particular, the development will focus on TWTAs utilizing field emission arrays (FEAs) as the electron beam source. FEAs offer significant improvements in efficiency compared to conventional, thermionic cathodes. Periodic permanent magnet (PPM) focusing and slow-wave circuits designed around MEMS fabrication technology will provide compact, lightweight devices. Millimeter-wave RF sources would find wide application for space-based applications due to their small size, light weight, and impressive RF performance. Significant data transfer rates could be achieved for advanced communication applications. |
| MICROWAVE BONDING INSTRUMENTS
2400 N. Lincoln Ave. Altadena, CA 91001 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 296-6480
Dr. John Mai AF 02-030 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Cold Cathode Design for Miniature Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers (Miniature Traveling Wave Tubes for Space Application) |
| Abstract: | The integration of carbon nanotubes (CN), which have low-power and high-current density electron emission properties, into a MEMS-scale microwave source, represents a first step to achieve the desired goal of power output in the watts range and frequency greater than 100 GHz. MBI proposes to develop an enabling technology to produce a MEMS microwave source based on a MBI CN cold cathode array. By implementing the following steps based on the cold cathode electron source concept, MBI plans to achieve by Phase II the frequency and power specifications required: (1) Modify several existing MEMS designs to study the feasibility of achieving the power and frequency specifications of solicitation AF020-030. (2) Synthesize CN, test the current emission, and adjust the growth parameters of CN cold cathodes for this application requirement. (3) Begin preliminary CN substrate integration experiments in candidate microwave source subcomponents. In collaboration with experts in this field, initial studies will be performed on various microwave tube amplifier designs that can utilize MBI's cold cathode as well as stacked bonding technology to lead to a Phase II deliverable of a compact, W-band microwave amplifier with minimal power requirements. MBI will be collaborating with existing working microwave tube designs at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (nanoklystron) and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (Klystrino). MBI, was founded to commercialize microwave silicon wafer bonding technology developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Company's mission is to become the leading provider of IC, MEMS, and MOEMS assembling equipment for advanced hybrid device applications. MBI has a $154,000 California grant to explore other applications for its technology, and will position any consumer cold cathode design for entry into the expected $70 billion flat panel display market. |
| BRASHEAR LP
615 Epsilon Dr Pittsburgh, PA 15238 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 967-7575
Mr. Robert Jungquist AF 02-031 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightweight Primary Mirror Technology |
| Abstract: | Brashear LP proposes to further develop ULE(TM) Lightweight Mirrors. The overall structural efficiency of primary mirrors, such as the one used in ABL or proposed for SBL, is currently limited by the minimum thickness of the core cell walls, and front and back face sheets that is achievable with traditional glass manufacturing methods. The technical objectives of this Phase I activity is to establish the lightest weight ULE(TM)primary mirror design that is achievable while retaining the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy the existing ABL program requirements using novel PM mirror manufacturing techniques. Special attention will be given to launch and/or landing requirements of SBL and ABL. This will entail trading front and rear face sheet thickness, core thickness, as well as cell wall thickness, cell size and geometry. In addition, Brashear LP will evaluate manufacturing techniques that allow an aggressively light-weighted PM to be realized without the complications of quilting print-thru of the core due to polishing pressures as well as 1-G release quilting for Space Based systems. Also, core manufacturing techniques will be evaluated which allow thinner face sheets and improve mirror manufacturing time by altering the current process by which cores and final mirrors are made. The primary initial beneficiary for this SBIR effort is the USAF/BMDO Airborne Laser (ABL) program. The technology and processes developed under this SBIR will enable the ABL aircraft to meet aggressive weight targets at reasonable costs. Current technology is expensive and heavy. The higher level of performance will help support additional sale of ABL aircraft. The current approach uses conventional lightweight mirror technology, which has a significant weight penalty compared to the proposed approach. The reduced weight of the proposed optics will allow additional reductions in the size and weight of the structure required to support them. The technology developed will benefit all applications requiring the use of lightweight optical systems in dynamic environments. As substrate costs are reduced and performance goals are demonstrated, the market for space based and terrestrial applications will be opened to the technology as well. The ability to address terrestrial applications will be very cost dependent. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4368
Dr. Peter Warren AF 02-031 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low-Cost Manufacturing of Composite Hybrid Isogrid Mirror (CHIM) |
| Abstract: | The Air Force requires lightweight, stiff and stable mirrors for use in high quality, space-based optical observation and energy projection systems. The current state-of-the-art uses various types of honeycomb core material with optical and composite face sheets. The honeycomb material, while excellent in compression, does not transfer the bending shear loads efficiently enough for truly lightweight optical systems. Honeycomb mirrors also are slow and costly to manufacture. The proposed program will develop a novel mirror system that uses highly efficient truss structures to provide bending stiffness for a thin meniscus mirror face sheet. The Composite Hybrid Isogrid Mirror or CHIM uses purely axially oriented, high-modulus fibers to provide an efficient, dimensionally stable support structure. This structure provides even, distributed load to the face sheet and reduces the system mass by using truss elements to transfer load rather than honeycomb plates. The planned manufacturing techniques reduce and simplify the steps required and thus reduce production cost and schedule. Foster-Miller will develop the system through a careful plan of design, modeling, sectional manufacturing and testing and full prototype manufacture and testing. Complete development of this technology will provide a mirror system that will enable better, lighter, and less expensive optical instruments. (P-020085) In addition to the myriad of Air Force missions such as SBL and ABL that would take advantage of extremely stiff and lightweight mirrors, many NASA and private observatories would be ready customers of the CHIM mirror technology. Many industries, such as microchip and printed circuit board manufacturing, use large mirrors in their photolithography machines. While these mirrors are not subjected to the same mass restrictions as aerospace instruments, they still need to be extremely stiff so as not to vibrate in the factory environment. Reduction in manufacturing cost would enable the FMI team access to this highly lucrative market. |
| SCHAFER CORPORATION
321 Billerica Road Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 880-0779
Dr. William Goodman AF 02-031 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Structural Efficiency, Silicon Lightweight Mirrors (SLMS) |
| Abstract: | Schafer proposes to further develop Silicon Lightweight Mirrors (SLMs) technology, an all silicon foam-core composite mirror material that is extremely stiff, highly polishable and low cost. High structural efficiency primary mirrors are required for the Air Force Deployable Optical Telescope System (DOTS) and the Airborne Laser (ABL). SLMS technology would greatly reduce the weight of the ABL telescope. SLMS technology has an order of magnitude higher specific stiffness than ULE and offers a potential weight savings of the PM of >250 lbs. Thus, 600 lbs or more are realizable in just the Telescope Assembly of ABL. The complete Turret Ball Assembly weight savings is estimated to be greater than this due to weight savings in the Gimbal Assembly. In the Phase I project, Schafer and teammates Brashear LP and ERG would produce two, spherical, 12.7 cm diameter lightweight SLMs mirrors that demonstrate the DOTS performance goals. During the Phase II project we would leverage the experience gained from the Phase I project, to manufacture two 60 cm diameter DOTS primary mirrors. Finally, in Phase II, the team would initiate the activities required to produce a near-net shape 1.5 meter diameter SLMs substrate for use as an ABL primary mirror prototype. The competitive advantages of SLMs technology as opposed to other materials for high-energy laser beam director are its superior properties and ease of fabrication. Optical glasses, such as ultralow-expansion (ULE) titanium silicate glass and Zerodur suffer from very low thermal conductivity, which leads to irradiance mapping. Also, for glasses, the thickness required to obtain high stiffness results in primary mirror faceplates that are very heavy. The areal density for these glass faceplates can range from 50-60 kg/m2. Compositional and microstructural inhomogeneity in ULE results in anisotropy in the thermal expansion and consequential loss of figure. Likewise, Zerodur also experiences thermal hysteresis that results in figure loss. SLMs technology has a decided advantage in static and dynamic distortion over both glasses and metals. Finally, SLMs can be coated with existing VLA coatings, making them ideal replacements for the uncooled silicon optics and glass primary mirrors used on ABL, SBL, THEL and MTHEL. The primary commercial marketplaces for SLMs components are aerospace corporations such as Boeing, Lockheed-Martin, Raytheon, Ball, TRW, Kodak and our partner Brashear LP. The target markets and products that have been identified to date are Primary mirrors for scientific instruments, primary mirrors for high energy lasers, imaging mirrors, laser scan mirrors, reflective panels, fast steering mirrors and high-energy laser beam walk mirrors. Schafer and our teammates are currently combining resources to market products in some of these areas. Lloyd Harkless, Director of Directed Energy and ABL Program Manager at Brashear LP, is supporting this project with substantial Internal Research and Development funding. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORPORATION
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 886-8860
Dr. Daniel R. Weimer AF 02-032 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Real Time Prediction of High-Latitude Ionosphere Electrodynamics |
| Abstract: | A fundamental result of the solar wind's interaction with the Earth is the generation of electric fields and currents in the high-latitude ionosphere, which in combination with the geomagnetic field, control the dynamics of the near Earth space and plasma environment. This "space weather" that results can have a significant impact on military and civilian communications, radar, electric power distribution, and navigation systems, including GPS receivers. The proposed project will demonstrate a prototype design for a real time forecast of electrodynamic parameters in the high-latitude ionosphere, namely, the electric fields, currents, and Joule heating, as well as associated geomagnetic effects. The prediction will be obtained by means of the real time data stream from a solar wind monitor at the L1 orbit. The objectives will be obtained by a combination of a "tilted phase front" propagation model for the interplanetary magnetic field, an empirical model of ionospheric electric potential, and a similar model for field-aligned currents (FAC), which is base on magnetic Euler potentials. As there does not exist a model for the ionospheric conductivity with the desired accuracy, the FAC model will be used in a innovative technique to compute the desired parameters without requiring the conductivity. The proposed activity will produce prototype programs which will provide a solid foundation for the Phase II design of an accurate, and efficient real time electrodynamic prediction model. The parameters that are derived from this prediction model are intended to be used as an input to other high-latitude ionospheric specification and forecast models, which are the basis for a number of application codes that support DoD and civilian missions. The anticipated benefits of this program are more accurate predictions of the ionospheric conditions which affect communications, radar, satellite orbits, and navigation systems. The prediction model alone will be able to predict geomagnetic variations on the ground, which are of particular interest to the electric power industry. Thus this work may have use in a broad range of military and commercial space weather applications. |
| SPACE ENVIRONMENT CORPORATION
399 North Main, Suite 325 Logan, UT 84321 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(435) 752-6567
Dr. J. Vincent Eccles AF 02-032 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Assimilating Physics-Based Model for High-Latitude Electrodynamics Specifications and Forecasts |
| Abstract: | We propose to design a physics-based, Kalman filter, data assimilation model of high-latitude electrodynamics. Our new model will provide accurate specifications and forecasts for convection electric fields, particle precipitation, conductances, Joule heating rates, and field-aligned and ionospheric currents. High-resolution patterns of the electrodynamic parameters will be calculated continuously as a function of time, and a unique feature of the model will be its ability to capture sharp electrodynamic boundaries and mesoscale structures. The physics-based model will be a time-dependent, high-resolution, coupled model containing a high-latitude ionospheric model and an MHD electrodynamic model of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. The data to be assimilated will include ground-based magnetometer and radar data, in situ satellite measurements, data from imaging satellites, and GPS-TEC measurements. The data will be assimilated via a Kalman filter technique, which has been successfully used in meteorology and oceanography. In addition to producing a workable design of an innovative electrodynamic model, we will write a software design document and we will formulate a validation plan. We will also write a comprehensive report on the strengths and limitations of all current electrodynamic models, and in particular, we will show why they are not capable of providing accurate electrodynamic parameters. The assimilating model of high-latitude electrodynamics will benefit numerous military and civilian systems and operations. On the civilian side, it will benefit power companies that have extensive electric grids and it will also benefit the WAAS system that is being implemented by the FAA for commercial airlines. On the military side, it will be a benefit to personnel using HF communications, OTH radars, and navigation systems based on single-frequency GPS receivers. |
| SPACE MICRO
12872 Glen Circle Road Poway, CA 92064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 292-7000
Mr. David R. Czajkowski AF 02-033 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low Power Space Computer Incorporating VLIW and SEU Mitigation |
| Abstract: | Innovative commercial computer architectures and power saving technologies such as VLIW and frequency scaling are leveraged from state-of-the-art portable computing initiatives, but also addressing the unique space radiation environment eg(SEU). Use of pervasive IP cores, a novel triple modular reundancy technique, and world-class silicon foundries with rad tolerant processes enable Space Micro to develop a low cost rad hard, high performance space computer approach. Our low power space computer (LPSC) concept offers the promise of unparralled performance in space applications, leapfrogging today's space computer offerings. Applications include DOD satellites, NASA/ESA/NASDA missions, and commercial space platforms. |
| STAR BRIDGE SYSTEMS, INC.
7651 South Main Street Midvale, UT 84047 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(801) 984-4444
Mr. Jim Yardley AF 02-033 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Power Efficient Space Computer |
| Abstract: | Power consumption in microprocessors is rapidly increasing. Reconfigurable computing using FPGA chips where functions can be performed in parallel instead of the traditional serial processing methods of existing microprocessors offers the opportunity for increased capability and performance at great savings to electrical power requirements. With traditional microprocessors, only a very small portion of each chip does productive work at any moment. Yet the entire chip consumes power. The reconfigurable computing approach uses a much larger proportion of the circuitry of each chip to do meaningful work at any moment. Star Bridge Systems is developing reconfigurable computers with associated software to cost effectively program and utilize low power consumption computers. There are many opportunities for improved performance and capability of computers using recongifurable logic. Using parallel computing techniques, made possible through a specialized software development system called Viva, actual reconfigurable computers are now cost effective. This technology is scalable for any type of system from small battery powered applications to supercomputers. Reconfigurable computers will find future applications in any type of digital processing application from DSP control to high level processing. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4170
Dr. Nese Orbey AF 02-034 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Unique High Temperature Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate for Thin Film Solar Cells |
| Abstract: | Thin film solar cells have promise of producing high specific power values (over 1000W/kg) if a light weight substrate that permits growth of high-quality semiconductor material is available. Past results using CuInSe2 -type materials on polymer substrates have suffered because the CIGS quality has been low due to the limitations on growth temperature imposed by the thermal properties of the polymers used. Cells of CIGS on metal foils have suffered from the problems of the substrate's high density and high conductivity which prevents integrated interconnects. Foster-Miller proposes using PBO, which has been shown to have a useful temperature in vacuum approaching 600øC. This is comparable to the maximum temperature for the soda lime glass used as a substrate in the highest efficiency devices. The PBO substrate should enable CIGS deposition at a temperature high enough to yield high-quality material for high-efficiency solar cells. The high mechanical strength of PBO allows use of a very thin substrate film, which allows for very high specific power values at low cost. Phase I will document solar-cell material quality versus growth temperature, evaluate PBO as a substrate, and document potential problems; samples of CIGS on PBO will be furnished for evaluation. (P-020264) Commercial prospects for CIGS-type cells on PBO are excellent. PBO can be supplied as long, large-area rolls to permit continuous processing and monolithic integration for modules. There is a strong need for a good substrate on which to produce high-efficiency thin-film photovoltaics for both terrestrial and space applications; flexible flat-panel displays are another possible use. Foster-Miller, Inc. plans to supply PBO substrates to our solar-cell production partner for production as soon as feasible. |
| ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
8130 Shaffer Pkwy Littleton, CO 80127 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 285-5103
Dr. Joseph Armstrong AF 02-034 Selected for Award |
| Title: | PBO and Silicone-Resin Free-Standing High-Temperature Films for Monolithically-Integrated CIGS Devices |
| Abstract: | ITN Energy Systems, Inc. is developing a space photovoltaic (PV) product based on our commercialization partner, Global Solar Energy, Inc.'s (GSE) flexible thin-film polycrystalline copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) technology. These devices are being made as discrete cells on metallic foil substrates, as well as a monolithically integrated device on a polymeric substrate. While we have demonstrated a cell efficiency approaching 10% on a polyimide (PI) substrate, the record efficiency of 18.8% as measured at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was deposited on a rigid glass substrate, and approaching 18% on a flexible stainless steel foil substrate. ITN has demonstrated that PBO films can survive higher processing temperature than our baseline Upilex PI substrate. Furthermore, we have teamed with Dow Corning to develop free-standing silicon-resin based foils that will be capable of achieving the higher processing temperatures in order to pursue higher efficiencies. Both the PBO and silicones should be able to achieve processing temperatures above 500§C while providing an electrically insulated substrate to facilitate monolithic integration. ITN shall acquire PBO films and Dow Corning shall provide prototype silicone-based films to demonstrate CIGS devices, and the best performing substrate shall be utilized in Phase 2 to demonstrate monolithically-integrated PV modules. Reduced manufactured cost due to monolithic integration, ability to utilize higher-efficiency CIGS processing than used with polyimide substrates, specific power much higher than cells on metallic foils due to the reduced weight while demonstrating comparable efficiencies. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Robin Coxe AF 02-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reconfigurable Logic for Imaging Processing |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of reconfigurable computers for image processing on future satellite platforms. A pipelined, inherently parallel procedure such as image processing is conducive to an approach based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) with SRAM logic. Reconfigurable computing platforms have the potential to provide near-real time, customized data products directly from the sensor to the user in the field. PSI proposes to demonstrate the radiometric calibration of archived data from the PSI AIRIS hyperspectral sensor in a reconfigurable FPGA at a data rate of at least 30 Hz. PSI also proposes to detail two alternative concepts for a low-cost, ground-based prototype constructed from COTS components, a crucial precursor to a spaceborne system. In addition to performing the radiometric calibration of hyperspectral data from a variety of sensor platforms, the prototype will be capable of executing user-selected image processing algorithms, again at real-time video rates. Both system concepts will be designed to radically decrease the time between data collection and dissemination of processed data to the end user, will support applications developed on PCs, and will meet size, weight, power, and interface requirements of a generic space-based remote sensing platform. A successful Phase I program would set the groundwork for full-scale hardware-in-the-loop demonstrations of a real time hyperspectral image processor with a variety of sensor configurations and a space-qualification plan in Phase II. An engineering model of a reconfigurable image processing unit for a space sensor would be a key goal in Phase III. Several of the numerous commercial and military applications of reconfigurable processors include onboard image processing capabilities for remote sensors on satellites, as well as on trucks, airplanes, UAVs, and UUVs. The technology could eventually be generalized to provide expanded digital signal processing capabilities for military and commercial radars, laser devices, communications satellites and ground-based mobile communications systems. |
| CRYSTAL RESEARCH, INC.
45275 Northport Court, Suite B Fremont, CA 94538 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 445-0833
Dr. Suning Tang AF 02-036 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Monolithic Integrated On-Chip Optical Interconnect Bus Based on Electrically Switchable Bragg Gratings in Polymer Waveguides |
| Abstract: | Crystal Research, Inc. proposes a monolithic integrated optoelectronic chip module concept to optically interconnect chip-level VLSI circuits. Realizing the fact that integration of photonics devices on-chip avoids many of bottlenecks associated with current system architectures, we propose to develop an on-chip optical waveguide interconnect technology for data transmission at rates exceeding 10 gigabits per second. The proposed architecture employs advanced polymer waveguide circuits and innovative electro-optic switchable gratings. Similar to electrical interconnection buses, where control and data signals can be relayed between senders (for example, processors) and receivers (for example, memories), an optical bus based on polymer waveguides is proposed for the first time to provide the optical equivalent of an electronic bus line driver. The bus architecture proposed herein represents one of the major milestones for the realization of on-chip optical bus. Furthermore, broadcasting of high-speed clock signals can be easily achieved through electro-optic waveguide fanout gratings. Crystal Research, Inc. will deliver a preliminary prototype device to the funding agency by the end of Phase I for proof of concept demonstration. Current high performance electronics are limited by interconnects rather than the processor speed. The proposed optical interconnect technology will provide a better alternative to release such a bottleneck. This proposed technology is strictly attached to VLSI technologies. As a result, the feasibility of future transfer this technology to other microelectronic companies is promising. Potential post applications of the proposed idea include intra-MCM, inter-MCM, and wafer-scale optoelectronic interconnects. |
| OPTICOMP CORPORATION
PO Box 10779 Zephyr Cove, NV 89448 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(775) 588-4176
Mr. Peter Guilfoyle AF 02-036 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Distributed Optoelectronic Switching Modules for Highly Dynamic On-Chip and Chip-to-Chip Interconnects |
| Abstract: | The primary goal of the proposed Phase I SBIR effort is to develop high speed, highly dynamic chip-to-chip interconnects utilizing hybrid waveguides and GaAs based VCSEL and photodetector technology in order to relieve the chip-to-chip interconnect bottleneck. The interconnects are accomplished using a unique distributed switching architecture that is low cost, fault tolerant, redundant, format independent, and dynamically reconfigurable. This architecture and the associated hardware can be readily implemented to realize high speed, dynamic chip-to-chip interconnects for demanding computing and signal processing applications. OptiComp Corporation occupies a 7,000 square foot facility which includes a full service, backend semiconductor fabrication cleanroom and optoelectronic device integration laboratory, a optoelectronic testing area, and a MBE based growth facility. OCC?s design center includes optoelectronic based modeling software for VCSELs and waveguide structures, as well as full EDA schematic capture and mask and PCB layout. These facilities support optoelectronic device modeling and design, growth, fabrication, integration, and test. The proposed program will offer a dual-use commercialization opportunity for high speed chip-to-chip interconnects because it will provide a low cost solution that is highly dynamic, redundant, fault tolerant, and format independent. This chip-to-chip interconnect scheme has significant market potential, especially for demanding military and commercial interconnects. |
| POLARONYX, INC
4025 Ribbon Dr. San Jose, CA 95130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 387-0889
Dr. Jian Liu AF 02-036 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reconfigurable polymer based substrate mode optical interconnects |
| Abstract: | We propose a reconfigurable planar optical interconnect structure by using a reprogrammble polymer based hologram integrated with a substrate guided wave plate. The input signals are coupled into the substrate with a grating or micro mirror coupler, zigzagged within the substrate, and then coupled out of the substrate at the desired destination by the reconfigurable waveguide hologram. The reconfigurable waveguide hologram consists of multi layers of inter leaved electrodes sandwiched with EO polymer materials, like PDLC. By controlling the electrodes and the applied voltages, the waveguide grating can tune the coupling wavelength with the needed coupling efficiency. Compact and cost effective 1-D and 2-D structures with features of reconfiguration will be demonstrated. Communications Industry Researchers(CIR), a leading fiber optics survey company, predicted that the U.S. market for tunable (reconfigurable) optical technologies will surpass $1.3 billion by 2005, driven by the needs of service providers and equipment manufacturers to reduce the costs associated with building, operating and maintaining networks. The technology we are developing is in this market and can be used in optical add/drop, gain equalization filters, wavelength switching, and tunable laser source. This huge market provides PolarOnyx a remarkable opportunity to fully develop its reconfigurable polymer based substrate mode optical interconnects and apply them into optical fiber telecommunications. |
| POWER TECHNOLOGY SERVICES (PTS), INC.
7800 Netherlands Drive Raleigh, NC 27606 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 362-1501
Mr. John Driscoll AF 02-037 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel High Current Switch for Spacecraft Power Bus Control |
| Abstract: | The proposed semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor ("SIS") is herein defined as a structure consisting of two semiconductor layers separated by an insulator. PTS proposes such a SIS structure as a latching on/off switch consisting of a GaN-AlGaN emitter or cathode and a SiC anode. The GaN cathode will be designed as an efficient electron gun or cathode. The SiC anode will be designed as both an efficient electron receiver as well as a hole emitter. The design will take advantage of the high thermal conductivity of SiC to dissipate the anode heat. The SIS insulator will be a vacuum, gas or solid. Both anode and cathode emitting/receiving surfaces will be designed as a low work function or negative electron affinity emitter. This microminiature vacuum switch will turn on and off within nanoseconds. The switch will conduct high current, block high voltage, and will accrue the advantages of ballistic charge transfer at operating temperatures approaching 500 degrees Centigrade. The device will be used for aerospace applications and will replace less efficient solid state and spark gap switches. The device will also be useful in pulse power applications with unlimited Di/Dt and blocking voltage. |
| SRS TECHNOLOGIES
1800 Quail Street, Suite 101, P.O. Box 9219 Newport Beach, CA 92660 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 971-7804
Mr. Paul A. Gierow AF 02-038 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Processing of Membrane Materials for Integrated Elements |
| Abstract: | Space-based antenna systems require large amounts of power and aperture area to achieve desired coverage and resolution. This Phase I effort will demonstrate a method of printing electronics to interconnect a series of PV cells on a polyimide backplane. This same technology will be applied to print electrical feed lines and radiating elements of a radiofrequency antenna. This technology will replace chemical etching lithography techniques currently used to manufacture RF elements. The printing technique uses the parent polyimide material coupled with metal-ion containing materials. Once cured, the bond between the substrate and metal interface becomes extremely strong improving the reliability and operation of the elements. The use of this technology will enable expanded processes that accommodate production of large continuous film rolls - necessary to fulfill eventual flight requirements. The development of increased efficiency flexible membrane cells will lead to the replacement of traditional rigid panel photo-voltaic arrays. This work will demonstrate the integration of a cell series into a complete integrated one-piece structure that will eliminate many of the concerns of current arrays. The combination of the cells with printed RF elements will support large area and high power antenna systems. The technology is applicable to high power commercial satellites, as well as small micro-sats. The technology has value in the development of commercial and DoD high-altitude airships and long duration air vehicles. |
| INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY (ISET)
8635 Aviation Blvd. UNIT#E Inglewood, CA 90301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 216-1423
Dr. VIJAY K. KAPUR AF 02-039 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Efficiency Non-Vacuum Processed Thin-Film Photovoltaics |
| Abstract: | We propose to apply ISET's non-vacuum process for fabricating high efficiency thin film CIGS solar cells on polymeric substrates. This project has the potential to meet the specific power density and low cost goals set by US Air Force. The success of this project will have a positive impact on both the space and terrestrial solar power markets. The project has a potential to meet the specific power density and low cost goals set by various space power projects. The success of this project will have a positive impact on the terrestrial markets also. |
| APECOR
Research Pavalion, 12424 Research Parkway, St.453 Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 823-0185
Mr. Zaki Moussaoui AF 02-040 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Parallel-Connected Converters with Innovative Control |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project intends to develop a solar-based expandable, parallel-connected power system with robust maximum power point tracking (MPPT) capability. Solar energy is regarded as an important resource of power energy in the future. As the need for flexible, scalable solar power requirements increases, and in an effort to avoid redesign of solar based power system, a modular infrastructure of power processing management is implemented for maximum utilization of the available power from multi-channel solar array sources. In the proposed system, dither signal is adopted to avoid the trapped-in instability of MPPT controller, and switching cycle, sampling signal and dither signal are synchronized to achieve robust MPPT control. Two-level shared-bus configuration is elaborated to allow the paralleled channels operate in different modes without interaction between each other. Also such structure has the advantage of the flexibility for power expansion and near uniform current sharing. Finally, the potential instability sources and their corresponding solutions, redundant shared-buses for fault-tolerance are also presented in this proposal. The trend toward utilizing natural energy and long-term cost/schedule benefits will make the proposed system accepted by the spacecraft and electric propulsion power systems. Also, it is believed that in the very future such systems have the potential to be extended to home utility and high power application. $20,000,000 |
| VPT, INC.
P.O. Box 253 Blacksburg, VA 24063 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 552-5000
Mr. Steve Butler AF 02-040 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Parallel-Connected Converters with Innovative Control |
| Abstract: | VPT Inc. proposes a modular, high-efficiency series-connected boost regulator (SCBR) solar array peak-power tracker (PPT). The modular SCBR PPT allows fault-tolerant parallel operation and is ideal for an expandable satellite power system. The proposed approach combines several innovative technologies and features. These include (1) use of proven VPT standard product hybrid dc-dc converters capable of screening to space quality levels, (2) use of a VPT proprietary current sharing method that provides for fault tolerance with a single current share bus and no master-slave operation, (3) use of a VPT patented magnetic feedback control (without optocouplers) that allows operation down to the zero volts, necessary for SCBR operation, and (4) demonstrated radiation tolerance to over 100Krads total dose and 60MeV of single-event operation. For lower cost, systems can be configured with VPT's commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) modules. In this Phase I SBIR VPT will (1) design proposed changes into one of VPT's standard product dc-dc converter modules to allow SCBR operation without the need for external circuitry, (2) design a current sharing method into the module using a common fault-tolerant current share bus, (3) design a dither-based PPT controller, and (4) demonstrate operation of the modular SCBR PPT system with a breadboard. A low-cost, modular, space-qualified peak-power tracking system that is ideal for small or medium-size satellites |
| ADVANCED MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
176 Waltham Street Watertown, MA 02472 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 926-6700
Dr. Joseph Gerstmann AF 02-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Space-Flight Assessment of a Small-Scale Collins Type Cryocooler Concept |
| Abstract: | A compact, reliable, efficient and inexpensive cryocooler requiring less than 1kW of power for 2W of cooling at 10Kelvin is being developed and will be demonstrated. This performance is at least twice as efficient as the best current state-of-the-art for small low-temperature cryocoolers. The proposed technical approach, whose feasibility has been confirmed, is to apply the advantageous features of large-scale cryogenic refrigerators to compact and reliable small-scale systems by implementing a novel thermodynamic cycle in a mechanically innovative machine. Size, cost and complexity are reduced in the proposed concept by employing a modular design whereby each stage is of identical construction (except for length), and where the heat exchanger and expander are constructed as an integral unit. The expanders are of extremely simple floating piston construction that requires no seals or mechanical power transmission devices to extract power from the cold expander. Piston motion is controlled by electro-mechanically actuated "smart" valves that require no mechanical valve linkages or mechanical timing mechanisms. This further reduces system complexity, improves reliability, and eliminates thermal leakage paths. Expander power is dissipated in the warm end of the expander by throttling gas to and from the compressor suction and discharge, and a reservoir volume. The proposed cryocooler is intended for use by Very Long Wavelength Infrared (VLWIR) sensor technology which requires cooling at 10K. The need for improved cryocoolers is not limited to space missions or military uses. There is presently a sizable market for sub-10K cryocoolers for devices such as cryopumps and MRI magnets that can benefit from improved cryogenic cooling. The emerging field of superconducting cryo-electronics is expected to require tens of thousands of small sub-10K cryocoolers within the next decade. In particular, digital superconducting electronics, which promises ultra-fast signal processing and tera/peta-flop computing speeds, will require cooling at 4K. Thus, the development of an inexpensive, reliable, and efficient cryocooler will better meet the cryogenic cooling needs of several existing technologies, and should serve as an enabling technology for emerging cryo-electronics applications. |
| ATLAS SCIENTIFIC
1367 Camino Robles Way San Jose, CA 95120 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 507-0906
Ali Kashani AF 02-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Multi-Stage Hybrid 10 Kelvin Cooler |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a multi-stage hybrid cooler capable of providing 1 W of cooling at 10 K. To achieve the most efficient and reliable hybrid cooler possible, we propose to combine a multi-stage, linear-drive pulse tube with a low-temperature reverse-Brayton stage. In this way we will take advantage of the strengths of each system, while minimizing their respective weaknesses. The system avoids the inherent losses associated with a regenerator at low temperature, as well as, the inefficiencies associated with the Joule-Thompson process, by incorporating a novel turbo-expander in the low temperature reverse-Brayton stage. The use of a low-vibration, linear, compressor for the pulse-tube stage provides a large pressure ratio allowing the size and expense of the recuperative heat exchanger to be minimized. These features result in a low-mass reverse-Brayton stage that can be fabricated reliably, at a reasonable cost, without sacrificing performance. The proposed hybrid cryocooler will achieve unprecedented efficiency below 10 K without resorting to high-unit-cost technologies such as super-critical shafts or extremely precise bearing clearances. The system will exhibit the high reliability and low vibration associated with pulse-tube and turbomachine-based reverse-Brayton systems. The result is a cryocooler that is ideally suited to cooling space-borne loads at or below 10 K. The proposed cooler can be employed in a wide variety of commercial applications such as: - Cryopumps for semiconductor manufacturing - Liquefaction of industrial gases - HTS filters for the communication industry - Superconducting magnets for MRI systems - Superconducting magnets for power generation and energy storage - SQUID magnetometers for heart and brain studies - Superconducting router - Radio astronomy - Laboratory environment |
| CREARE INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Dr. Anthony J. Dietz AF 02-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Multistage Technology for 10-Kelvin Space-Borne Cryocoolers |
| Abstract: | Advanced space-borne infrared sensor technology requires cooling at temperatures near 10 K. Cooling loads for these detectors will range from 0.25 to 1.0 W. The satellites carrying these sensors also have additional cooling loads at different temperatures. A multistage cooler capable of cooling multiple loads will offer large potential gains in system efficiency and weight. Turbomachine-based, Brayton cryocoolers are ideal candidates for these missions because they are highly efficient, lightweight, vibration-free, adaptable to multiple stages, and have long, maintenance-free lifetimes. State-of-the-art technology exists for all the critical components except for a 10 K turboalternator. Creare proposes to develop an advanced, high efficiency turboalternator optimized for a multistage, multi-load application to be identified by the Air Force. The advanced turboalternator promises to enable a significant reduction in cryocooler input power and cooling system mass. In Phase I we will select an optimum multistage, multi-load cooling cycle based on analysis and trade studies. We will then design a turboalternator for these specific conditions. In Phase II we will fabricate the turboalternator and conduct a series of tests to demonstrate its performance and to address the specific technology challenges in a multistage multi-load cycle. The development of advanced low-temperature turboalternators will enable the development of high-efficiency, low-temperature cryocoolers. Multistage cryocoolers will offer substantial savings in power and weight. Military applications include space-based surveillance and missile-defense systems. Scientific applications include space-based infrared telescopes. Commercial applications include communication satellites, superconducting instruments, and hypercomputers. |
| EQUINOX INTERSCIENCE, INC.
PO Box 518 Pinecliffe, CO 80471 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 499-2399
Dr. Daniel R. Ladner AF 02-042 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Regenerator for Low Temperature Applications |
| Abstract: | The proposed project will develop an advanced low temperature regenerator to enable efficient 4K cooling for many military, scientific, and commercial needs not adequately met by current technology cryocoolers. Our unique approach meets the low vibration and stable temperature requirements of IR detectors and other applications, including space and airborne detectors, SC electronics and communications, medical magnetometry, and radio-astronomy. Our regenerator technology mitigates the problems associated with low frequency PT and GM regenerative coolers by enabling efficient higher frequency operation. The high frequency smoothes out the temperature fluctuations and vibration excursions inherent in the low frequency coolers while reducing their power requirements and operational costs. 4K regenerative coolers operate at low frequency because of void volume losses in their high porosity regenerators. Our new approach decreases porosity, allowing a 4K PTC to operate at 20 Hz instead of 1 Hz, resulting in a reduction in cold end displacement, improved temperature regulation, higher cooling efficiency, higher reliability, lower cost, and reduced cryocooler maintenance . IR imaging and spectroscopy, Ground-based IR Astronomy, Cryopumps, Magnetoencephalography, Magnetocardiography, Radioastronomy, Low Temperature Superconducting Electronics and Communication. |
| FLUID FLOW TECHNOLOGIES, L.L.C.
28112 Meadow Dr. Evergreen, CO 80439 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 670-4964
Dr. Greg C. Glatzmaier AF 02-042 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Orbital Compressor for Next Generation Cryocoolers |
| Abstract: | Refrigeration needs for space-based applications require cryocooling systems, which are compact, light-weight, energy efficient, and reliable. Overall system performance is highly dependent on the characteristics and performance of a key component, the compressor. The compressor and its mechanical power source are generally the most mechanically complex components of the refrigeration system. State-of-the-art gas compressors offer excellent performance for terrestrial applications where maintenance is not a critical issue but can lack the performance characteristics required for long-term, maintenance-free space applications. Fluid Flow Technologies, L.L.C. proposes to develop a compressor, which is completely novel in its design and operation, and demonstrate performance characteristics, which will meet the rigorous requirements for space-based cyrocooling applications. This design is based on a very simple mechanism, resulting in a compressor that is light-weight, compact, hermetically sealed, and extremely reliable. Another key feature, which is a benefit for space applications, is a design that is mechanically balanced, possessing no net angular or linear momentum, resulting in a quiet and vibration-free operation. The anticipated results from the Phase 1 work plan are the demonstration of the mechanical operation of a small-scale compressor prototype. These results will provide the basis for a full-scale design, which meets the Air Force's rigorous requirements for space-based cryocooling applications. The full-scale compressor is expected to be compact, light-weight, maintenance-free, with a life time greater than 10 years. Knowledge gained in Phase 1 will provide a design basis for variations of the Phase 1 design, which can be applied to compressor designs for terrestrial uses as well. |
| TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, INC.
5445 Conestoga Court, #2A Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 443-2262
Mr. Steve Nieczkoski AF 02-042 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Component Technology for Next Generation Cryocoolers |
| Abstract: | Present day cryogenic refrigeration technology lacks a major component: a long-life, oil-free, dc-flow circulating compressor. Technology Applications, Inc. in collaboration with Scroll Labs, proposes to address this shortcoming by developing an innovative oil-free scroll compressor with a potential operating lifetime in excess of ten years. The chief innovation is the "floating scroll" concept, which balances pressure and centrifugal forces acting on the scrolls, thereby minimizing forces on contacting scroll surfaces to essentially eliminate wear. This concept is presently under development for medical applications involving oxygen concentration. We propose to drive this technology toward long-life cryocooler applications for both space flight and ground-based systems. Numerous shortcomings of both Stirling and pulse tube cryocoolers using flexure bearing linear compressors can be overcome if a long-life, dc-flow circulating compressor is developed: thermodynamic efficiencies at low temperatures, remote and distributed cooling, and vibration isolation. The primary goal will be to extend operational lifetime to ten years without maintenance intervals by improving mechanisms, materials, fabrication methods, and upgrading the design with features not conducive to commercial cost constraints. Secondary goals include minimizing weight, input power, and induced vibrations such that this compressor can be used in the many applications with mission critical restrictions on these parameters. This unique oil-free compressor offers: long lifetime, high electrical and thermodynamic efficiency, contamination resistant operation, high-pressure ratios at moderate-to-high flow rates, variable flow capacity, and compact and light weight packaging. Developing this compressor can dramatically improve our nation's cooling and thermal management systems in the arena of surveillance, superconductivity, and electronics. |
| BECK ENGINEERING
3319 21st Ave NW Gig Harbor, WA 98335 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(253) 853-1703
Dr. Douglas S. Beck AF 02-043 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Multi-Temperature Load Cooler |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| STIRLING TECHNOLOGY COMPANY
4208 West Clearwater Ave Kennewick, WA 99336 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(509) 735-4700
Dr. Songgang Qiu AF 02-043 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Multi-Stage Cryogenic Cooling Technology |
| Abstract: | Stirling Technology Company (STC) proposes to conceptually design a multi-stage cryocooler, capable of lifting up to 2 watts at 35 K with additional heat loads at higher temperatures and rejecting to an 300 K environment, that meets Air Force criteria for robustness and compact size. The compressor will be based on STC's existing high-production linear alternator/motor design. Bench testing of the linear alternator at the cooler drive frequency will also be conducted in Phase I. While cryocoolers with heat lifting capacities of over 2 watts at 35 K have already been developed, a low-maintenance, reliable and robust multistage cryocooler is required for use by the Air Force. STC has developed compact, light-weight cryocoolers based on existing linear compressor technology. The RemoteGenT family of engines and the BeCoolT family of cryocoolers have accumulated over 300,000 hours of operation collectively. A single Stirling engine has been in operation at STC for over 66,000 hours without maintenance or performance degradation. NASA has selected STC to provide Stirling engines for deep space and planetary missions. These missions require units with very high reliability and robustness. Testing has been conducted to determine the reliability and robustness of the space power generators, including operating the engine under launch load conditions. The proposed cryocooler will leverage as heavily as possible from the linear motor/alternator design of these engines to provide a very reliable, robust, compact, light-weight, low-maintenance pulse tube cryocooler. |
| TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, INC.
5445 Conestoga Court, #2A Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 443-2262
Dr. Robert Mohling AF 02-043 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Multi-stage Cryogenic Cooling Technology |
| Abstract: | Many advanced space-based reconnaissance systems critical to national security employ infrared detectors, optics, and thermal baffles that require multi-stage cooling. If cryocoolers such as Stirlings with single point cooling are used, then multiple coolers will be required that impose mass, power, volume, and reliability penalties; redundancy further increases these penalties. These penalties can be mitigated through the use of a single cryocooler with multiple cooling stages, thereby also reducing the number of compressors and electronic controllers. The objective of the Phase I study is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a Multi-Stage Brayton Cryocooler (MSBC) with simultaneous cooling capacities of 6 W at 85 K and 2 W at 35 K. The cryocooler system will be highly leveraged off components currently under development: a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) based expander, an oil-free scroll compressor, and a high effectiveness counterflow heat exchanger. The MSBC's operational capabilities include significant integration advantages: the cooling fluid can be circulated over long distances providing isolation from cooler-induced interference, variable load capability, and a distributed cold-head that can accommodate large are focal pane assemblies (FPA). These features and capabilities will significantly reduce satellite power and heat rejection requirements, decrease overall weight, and greatly simplify cooling system integration. The features of this unique multi-stage cryocooler offer the capability of simultaneous cooling at multiple temperatures for multiple focal planes, optics, and baffling. Potential applications cooling systems for advanced surveillance and communications for the military, commercial communications, and NASA science programs. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4237
Mr. David Walker AF 02-044 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of a Micro-Pumped Cryogenic Two Phase Heat Transport System |
| Abstract: | Foster-Miller is proposing a simple solution to the problem of cooling satellite instrumentation to cryogenic temperature. The system is a micro-pumped, 2-phase heat transport loop that employs multiple MEMS-size micro-pumps to move a cryogenic fluid between an evaporator and a condenser. The system is simpler than either a cryogenic CPL or loop heat pipe and a liquid accumulator and a sintered capillary wick structure are not needed for operation, which greatly reduces both the system mass and fluid charge. The micro-pumped cryogenic heat transport loop is particularly adaptable for use across a 2-axis gimbal, since flexure can be provided by simply adding coils to the system tubing. The use of multiple MEMS micro-pumps provides redundancy and reliability to the system and can control temperature precisely at the electronic interface. The pump power required is very low, on the order of 7 mW, which does not add significantly to the heat load of the system. (P020195) The micro-pumped cryogenic heat transport loop is applicable to both government and commercial satellite applications. The system is seen as an enabling technology, since no satisfactory way to cool satellite electronics to cryogenic temperature are now available. Short-term potential applications exist for military satellites. Commercial applications will develop when the heat transport system becomes available. |
| K TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
500 Office Center Drive, Suite 250 Fort Washington, PA 19034 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 628-8681
Mr. Mark J. Montesano AF 02-044 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Performance Passive Flexible Cryogenic and Ambient Heat Transport Material (kTC P203) |
| Abstract: | Flexible cryogenic and ambient cooling is essential to meet emerging requirements for advanced systems and is enabling technology for increasingly compact / higher density Air Force and Department of Defense infrared sensing payloads. k Technology Corporation (kTC) proposes a general technology development that permits the design of a high performance passive flexible cryogenic and ambient heat transport material. The conductivity of the proposed material system will exceed 1000 W/mK at all temperatures between 5 and 300K. In addition, the proposed technology development will allow the material system to be tailored and optimized for any temperature in this range at greater conductivity values. This proposed effort will develop a material system that can be specifically designed to satisfy Air Force requirements. The encapsulated APG foils to be demonstrated under this program would have applications in the commercial satellite market, as well as the obvious military and NASA uses. Key potential post application relies heavily on the successful verification and certification of the proposed materials' performance. With increasing acceptance, encapsulated APG will be attractive to automotive and power supply manufacturers. Enabling technologies will allow the increase of production and the realization of the economies of scale. |
| ISOSTATIC TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
23555 Euclid Avenue Euclid, OH 44117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(216) 692-5400
Dr. James M.Marder AF 02-045 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Large Focal Plane Array Cryogenic Integration Technology |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase I SBIR proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing high-pressure helium contained within a dual-volume system as the basis for future 10 K cryogenic thermal storage units (CTSUs). The motivation for developing 10 K CTSU technology stems from the high specific input power needed for 10 K cryocoolers (~1000 W/W) in concert with: (a) anticipated heat loads (~1.5 W) of large infrared focal plane arrays operating at 10 K; and (b) a need that the focal plane arrays remain isothermal for optimum performance. To reduce input power from 1.5 kW (or more) to more manageable levels of several hundred watts, large focal plane arrays will need to be duty-cycled. To enable duty-cycling without incurring performance-degrading variations in focal plane temperature, CTSUs operating at (or slightly less than) 10 K are a practical necessity. The ultimate objective for this SBIR program is to develop, demonstrate, and commercialize 10 K CTSU technology. In Phase I, we will develop potential concepts and evaluate concept feasibility. In Phase II, we will design, manufacture, and test a subscale, weight/volume optimized, proof-of-concept breadboard test unit. In Phase III, we will transition the technology into government and/or commercial use. The main contribution of the 10 K CTSU to the DoD is that future missions with 10 K detectors may not be feasible from system power standpoint and/or cooler availability standpoint unless the detectors are duty-cycled. The only way to duty-cycle detectors without incurring a degradingly large variation in sensor temperature is to utilize a 10 K CTSU. Thus, a 10 K CTSU is an enabling technology, a power saving technology, and a performance enhancing technology that will be a critical facet of future 10 K imaging systems. One additional benefit of an ultra-high pressure He 10 K CTSU is that if the sensor operating temperature is a few degrees less than or greater than 10 K, the sensible heat device will still function as intended, whereas a latent heat based CTSU would not. |
| AVYD DEVICES, INC.
2925 College Avenue, Unit A-1 COSTA MESA, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 751-8553
Dr. HONNAVALLI R VYDYANATH AF 02-046 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of High performance, low noise VLWIR HgCdTe photodiodes |
| Abstract: | Phase I effort will focus on demonstration of the feasibility of our approach to reduce detector noise via improvement of carrier lifetime and suppression of tunneling related dark currents. Phase I objective includes demonstration of VLWIR HgCdTe films with much improved carrier lifetime and reducd absorber layer carrier concentration. In Phase II, we plan to demonstrate VLWIR detector arrays with detectivity performance superior to the current state of the art. Military applications include improved serveillence and threat warning capabilities. Commercial applications include industrial and auto emission monitoring, tumor detection, environmental monitoring etc. |
| SMART PIXEL INC
590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 771-0206
Dr. Tae Seok Lee AF 02-046 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High-Performance HgCdTe VLWIR Photovoltaic Detectors |
| Abstract: | We propose a new generation of non-equilibrium superlattice, high efficiency VLWIR(14 um and longer) detectors that operate in the 40-77K temperature range. The objectives will be achieved by combining the advantages of the molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) crystal growth technique, an innovative non-equilibrium device architecture, and a superlattice structure to control the absorption cut-off wavelength more precisely. For improved space surveillance and threat warning capabilities, where the ability to detect faint objects at great distances is absolutely necessary, a breakthrough sensor technology such as that proposed here is critical. The proposed detectors are anticipated to have enormous potential not only in military, but also in commercial applications including industrial and auto-emission monitoring, tumor detection, environmental monitoring, and fire detection etc. |
| NEURAL COMPUTING SYSTEMS, LLC
2081 Business Center Drive, Suite 206 Irvine, CA 92612 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 475-1840
Dr. Bradley Denney AF 02-048 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Algorithms for Exploitation of Space-Based Imagery |
| Abstract: | This SBIR will examine the use of hyperspectral mixture models that may be used to create shadow invariant images for material matching and hidden target detection and tracking. This proposal introduces an "Illumination-based Linear Unmixing Procedure" (ILUMP). ILUMP assumes that every image is illuminated by two spectrally different illumination sources and that at each pixel the illumination source may be partly occluded. This is typically the case in outdoor daytime scenes where there is both sunlight and skylight illumination. The ILUMP formulation requires more sophisticated and computationally expensive model estimation. But this more precise model helps improve the results of applications such as shadow removal and material matching. The proposed contract would further the development of this model by developing model parameter estimation methods and applications of the proposed technologies. The proposed technologies are applicable to remote sensing applications for environmental applications, geological applications, and defense applications. Additionally the techniques may be transferable to color image processing for photo labs, digital cameras, and film studio production and processing. |
| SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC.
99 South Bedford Street, Suite 7 Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-4770
Dr. Robert Sundberg AF 02-048 Selected for Award |
| Title: | The Adaptive Spectral and Abundance Processing (ASAP) Algorithm |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the urgent need for near real-time algorithms for detection, identification and tracking of objects in highly structured environments. Spectral Sciences, Inc. (SSI) proposes to develop an innovative new algorithm for improved clutter mitigation and target detection for Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) sensors called the Adaptive Spectral and Abundance Processing (ASAP) algorithm. ASAP will include fused spatial-spectral processing of endmember abundance images and spectra obtained from a new real-time adaptive unmixing algorithm. The approach is based on the proven technology found in the Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone (SMACC) algorithm that simultaneously determines spectral endmembers, representing the most `pure' material spectra in the scene, and abundance images for each endmember. In Phase I, SSI will define and demonstrate an adaptive version of the SMACC algorithm that is capable of processing a continuous stream of HSI data and is suitable for Phase II real-time implementation. Phase I also includes the definition, development and demonstration of fused spatial-spectral detection algorithms that will exploit the spatial information contained in the endmember abundance images and the spectral information contained in the endmember spectra. The processing chain will be demonstrated and evaluated with synthetic and measured HSI data. The development of ASAP will provide a needed real-time target detection, identification and characterization tool for HSI sensors looking at objects in highly structured environments. The proposed technique has relevance to any of the myriad applications of HSI sensors being implemented around the world, including scientific observation, agribusiness, precision mining, urban planning and military surveillance. |
| SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC.
99 South Bedford Street, #7 Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-4770
Dr. Robert Y. Levine AF 02-048 Selected for Award |
| Title: | HSI and MSI Atmospheric Correction Using Neural Networks |
| Abstract: | Developing real-time, unsupervised, on-board data processing algorithms for emerging remote sensing technologies is a key step towards overcoming bottlenecks in both ground-based processing and transmission capability to a ground receiving station. An important initial processing step is the application of an atmospheric correction algorithm (ACA), in which the effects of the intervening atmosphere are removed from hyperspectral and multispectral images (HSI and MSI). Spectral Sciences, Inc. proposes to develop a novel Neural Network (NN) based ACA for HSI and MSI sensors that can be embedded in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to perform autonomous, real-time, and on-board atmospheric correction. While sophisticated, non-real time ground-based ACA's have been developed, their representation in terms of a NN has yet to be demonstrated. Significantly, the NN approach may exceed their performance, particularly for the difficult problem of aerosol characterization (visibility and type over various surfaces). The objectives of Phase I are to demonstrate that NN's can accurately perform the ACA functions, which are atmospheric parameter retrieval and spectral reflectance calculation. In Phase II, the NN algorithms will be implemented in a complete, fully automated software package, in preparation for Phase III transitioning onto ASIC or FPGA hardware. Applications include surface terrain mapping and reflectance characterization, oceanography and marine biology, forestry, precision agriculture, mineral prospecting, environmental monitoring including monitoring of pollutants, and a variety of military applications such as surveillance, intrusion detection, and technical intelligence. Installations are envisioned on satellites, aircraft, and ground-based HSI and MSI platforms, and at ground stations for off-line processing. |
| SCHAFER CORPORATION
321 Billerica Road Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 242-9992
Mr. Edward Nielsen AF 02-050 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Small Launch Vehicle Concept |
| Abstract: | Miniaturization technology has enabled small satellites in the 100 to 1,000-lb weight range. The ability to produce these satellites has outpaced the ability of military and commercial sector to cheaply launch them into space. Current spacelift is expensive; e.g., it costs roughly $15M to launch a 1,000-lb satellite to Low Earth Orbit, or $15,000 per lb of spacecraft weight. Small satellite potential is hindered by the lack of affordable and reliable spacelift. The market for affordable small launch vehicles is characterized by the classic "chicken and egg" problem. Space users are reluctant to address mission needs with small satellites because launch cost dominates the price of their architectures. Launch vehicle providers are reluctant to focus on developing small low-cost launch systems due to a fear that the customer base will not support the development cost. A Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) using innovative propulsion and structural technologies is proposed to meet this need. A number of innovations are proposed in the propulsion system which minimize technical risk in the development phase and therefore. Successful demonstration of technologies offered in this proposal through the Phase II will ensure mitigation of highest risk element in the recurring cost of SLV. An important consideration for a SLV is economics. A successful business strategy requires a balance between acceptable investor return on investment and a launch price that is competitive. For an SLV, initial investment and operational flight rate are closely coupled to reach business closure. With low transmitting power and small apertures, small-sats are designed to operate in low earth orbit. Large constellations are required to provide full earth coverage at these low orbiting altitudes. An SLV makes economic sense to launch these large constellations with launch costs that are a fraction of existing expendable launch vehicles on a per-pound basis. Besides the military utility of a low cost SLV for small tactical satellites, the commercial sector is fast approaching the technology basis for routine deployment of small-sats. This proposal offers an innovative solution to enable small-sat launch. |
| STARCRAFT BOOSTERS, INC.
3106 Beauchamp Street Houston, TX 77009 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 930-4966
Dr. Ted Talay AF 02-050 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reusable Booster Technology for Small Launch Vehicles |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses AF02-050 ?Small Launch Vehicle Technology?. A need exists for a Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) for deployment of tactical and commercial satellites singly or in satellite constellations and architectures. The SLV must be highly responsive in providing for rapid deployments of these payloads at greatly reduced launch costs. Increased reliability, reusability, and operations efficiency can fulfill these requirements. The objective of this proposal is the conceptual design of the smallest suborbital, reusable, rocket-powered booster demonstrator that provides configuration and technology traceability to and risk mitigation for a future SLV. The primary propulsion will be a Reusable Propulsion Module (RPM) powered by engines now completing development. The booster will provide a laboratory for tests of new launch vehicle technologies and operational approaches and demonstrate improvements in reliability through inspection and reuse. To this end, it is proposed to determine the most critical technologies for the SLV to be tested by the demonstrator and to provide for a mitigation plan for retiring any associated risks during Phase II and Phase III activities. The development and flight test of such a demonstrator will provide a high level of confidence of achieving cost, reliability and response goals for the later, operational SLV. Demonstration of the technologies and operational approaches studied in Phase I research and as products of the full SBIR process will be applicable to a broad range of future launch vehicles. By demonstrating launch cost reductions, increased reliability, and rapid response capabilities, the subscale flight demonstrator will provide important calibration and validation information for cost and operations models. This research will also reduce the risk in high payoff technologies that have the greatest impacts on the cost, reliability, and response goals for an Small Launch Vehicle. Commercialization of these technologies will have a high payoff for companies that utilize them in both existing and future launch vehicles for USAF Space Control, NASA ISS Servicing, and various commercial space launch missions in the one to two metric ton class. Other potential applications include the acceleration of sounding rockets, target systems, and scramjet vehicles to high velocity. This Phase I research builds upon over six years of privately supported work on the StarBooster architecture approach. Starcraft Boosters, Inc. will seek to partner in Phase II and Phase III with several major aerospace commercial companies to move forward with this demonstration and commercialization effort. |
| SPACEDEV
13855 Stowe Drive Poway, CA 92064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 375-2042
Mr. Jeffrey Janicik AF 02-051 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Small Shuttle-Compatible Propulsion Module |
| Abstract: | NASA and the Air Force have established a need for smaller payloads launched on the Shuttle Hitchhiker Experiment Launch System (SHELS) to achieve longer missions and/or more useful orbits by use of a propulsion module (PM). For Phase I, SpaceDev will improve on and demonstrate the practicality of the Maneuvering and Transfer Vehicle (MTV) when deployed from SHELS. The MTV is a scalable, affordable and modular design that utilizes safe, storable propellants (nitrous oxide and Plexiglas). The primary difficulty in implementing a PM for SHELS is the stringent safety requirements of the Space Transportation System (STS). SpaceDev proposes to perform a thorough investigation of the SHELS/STS safety requirements combined with a careful design optimization process that emphasizes safety, cost, and performance. SpaceDev will show that an Advanced MTV can serve as a PM and host spacecraft bus that will maximize the available volume and mass for potential SHELS experiments/instruments. In addition, SpaceDev will design a catalyst bed for multiple MTV restarts and select new fuel core compositions to increase performance and potentially reduce vehicle mass and volume. SpaceDev intends to apply these findings to a Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) conceptual design in the event SHELS launches are not readily available. Many payloads get dropped off in an undesirable orbit due to current launch vehicle cost constraints. A recent California-funded SpaceDev study shows almost 700 planned or existing small satellites that need secondary launches. The fact is there are numerous potential customers who could benefit from the capabilities of an MTV. It is safe and affordable and it can be scaled to provide the desired performance. Furthermore, an MTV with SpaceDev's advanced spacecraft bus subsystems can perform on-demand orbit transfer, rendezvous with orbiting objects, and maneuvering for inspection and docking. These mission capabilities could be considered in great demand especially with the recent trend of high failure rates in commercial communication satellites. |
| ATA ENGINEERING, INC
11995 El Camino Real, Suite 200 San Diego, CA 91230 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 792-3985
Dr. Gareth Thomas AF 02-052 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Payload Adapter for Satellite Missions Launched using ICBM-derived Launch Vehicles |
| Abstract: | The proposed program addresses the development of a lightweight payload adapter able to accommodate a wide range of satellite geometries. Although several concepts will be evaluated before one is selected, the proposal describes a preliminary concept that achieves this objective. This candidate solution consists of a graphite epoxy/honeycomb core laminate formed into an essentially flat plate which provides the most versatile mounting surface for any combination of primary and secondary payloads. The only feature that varies from one launch configuration to the next is the placement of titanium inserts for the payload mounts. An integral low-bending-stiffness outer band provides the capability to tune the modal frequencies of the system to achieve a high level of payload vibration isolation. This innovation reduces cost and part count and greatly facilitates the manufacturing process while meeting challenging structural requirements without resorting to unproven and difficult-to-obtain materials. The preliminary design includes an optional feature that allows for the use of constrained layer damping to reduce vibration levels during sine-sweep testing. Small-scale specimen modal testing to confirm the feasibility of this approach to increase structural damping is included in the Phase I scope of work. The payload adapter researched in Phase I and developed in Phase II will potentially be flown on future missions by the contracting companies. The adapter will be initially designed for a specific launch vehicle, but the technology will be easily adaptable to other launch vehicles. Launch vehicle providers will save money from not having to design a new adapter for each mission. Launch services users such as the Air Force will save launch costs since custom adapter development will be reduced. Additional cost will be saved through increased payload capacity through the reduced adapter weight. |
| CSA ENGINEERING, INC.
2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 210-9000
Mr. Joseph R. Maly AF 02-052 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Payload Adapter for Satellite Missions Launched using ICBM-derived Launch Vehicles |
| Abstract: | Deactivated ICBMs are a logical means of putting payloads into space, but missile systems are not designed for satellite launches, and payload accommodations on deactivated missiles are inadequate for standard payloads. Furthermore, the vibration and acoustic environments during launch of an ICBM are much more severe than the environments seen on a rocket developed specifically for satellites. The need for new, low-cost launch vehicles combined with the availability of these deactivated ICBMs drive a need to develop a payload adapter to manifest multiple satellites on these new vehicles. CSA Engineering sees this as a unique opportunity to develop a modular, composite payload-adapter system with integrated vibration and acoustic suppression capability. The focus of our concept will be to develop an approach in which a minimal set of components can be interchanged to accommodate multiple payloads on one or more launch vehicles. Vibration damping and whole-spacecraft payload isolation have become proven technologies for reducing the dynamics environment during launch. This SBIR will develop new technology by integrating both types of vibration suppression into a low-cost composite payload adapter. One obvious market is the large number of small satellites to be launched over the next several years by all branches of the DoD. These satellites could be launched on a variety of launch vehicles on which this new adapter could be used, including the Peacekeeper launch vehicle, the OSP/Minotaur space launch vehicle, Taurus, Pegasus, and others. The commercial satellite market also has a need for this new adapter. This profit-driven market is continually striving to increase margins and one way to do that is to sell excess capacity on launchers. And the added benefit of vibration isolation of the satellites and the reduced acoustics will make this an attractive option to customers. |
| SOMMER MATERIALS RESEARCH
640 North Main Suite G North Salt Lake, UT 84054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(801) 631-5500
Dr. Jared L. Sommer AF 02-054 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low-Cost Enamel Coatings on Stainless Steel Foil for Thin Film Photovoltaics |
| Abstract: | High-efficiency photovoltaic cells fabricated from copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) technology are important for the generation of low-cost electrical energy. Greater cost benefits could be realized if photovoltaic films could be fabricated on flexible metal foils using a roll-to-roll manufacturing process. A thin insulative layer is required to separate the CIGS film from the metal foil. This insulative coating should exhibit excellent adhesion to the metal substrate and be compatible with the CIGS and metal substrate layer, both thermophysically and chemically. An inexpensive method of applying this coating over large areas without surface defects is also needed. Sommer Materials Research (SMR) proposes to apply thin pinhole-free enamel coatings to stainless steel foil for CIGS solar cells. Air spraying and electrophoretic deposition will be used to obtain thin uniform coatings. The enamel coatings will exhibit excellent flexibility and be compatible with CIGS processing conditions. The electrically insulative coating will also show high bond strength, a high use temperature, and a compatible thermal expansion coefficient to the CIGS layer and metal foil. Thin enamel coatings on metals have a proven track record commercially and may be the key for producing inexpensive high-efficiency solar cells for military, aerospace, and commercial use. The enameled foils will exhibit high flexibility and compatibility, allowing roll-to-roll fabrication of inexpensive solar arrays. The thin coatings will be uniformly deposited on both sides of the foil without defects. These photovoltaic cells can be used in a wide variety of applications, such as roof and building facades, power sources for consumer goods, and solar modules for space satellites. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Somesh Mukherjee AF 02-054 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Novel Insulating Thin Film for High Efficiency Photovoltaics Utilizing Metallic Substrates |
| Abstract: | Triton proposes to develop unique insulating layers for a molybdenum and stainless steel film substrates to produce a thin film copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) cell. The high efficiency and excellent stability of CIGS thin film solar cells will provide for a cost effective solar electricity generation system. Since CIGS deposition requires relatively high processing temperature (600øC), the device fabrication must take place on substrates such as stainless steel or Molybdenum foil. This precludes monolithic device integration such as series connection of solar cells and incorporation of bypass and blocking diodes. These later processes are analogous to crystalline solar cell panel and array fabrication and accepted industry practice, because the device is produced on a conductive substrate and simple etching procedures can not expose an insulating or conductive layer to isolate or interconnect cells with relative ease. The key to implementing monolithic processes is incorporation of an insulating layer between the active cell and the substrate. The proposed program directly addresses this need. During Phase I, Triton will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed insulating materials for CIGS deposition CIGS solar cells can be used for space applications because of their tolerance to high energy irradiation. They can also be used in remote areas for power generation and in power crisis situations as evidenced recently California. |
| PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, INC.
7 Deer Park Drive, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 274-0774
Mr. John L Lowrance AF 02-055 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Star Trackers Based Upon Advanced Sensor Technologies |
| Abstract: | Modern star trackers are based primarily upon Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) image sensors. CCDs are sensitive to the space radiation environment and can degrade rapidly under the influence of energetic charged particles and x-ray and gamma-ray photons. Recently, new types of image sensors have been developed that show promise of being more radiation-tolerant than CCDs. These Active Pixel Sensors (APS) are based on complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing can also include on-chip analog-to-digital converters, on-chip correlated double sampling, and addressability of individual pixels. A back-illuminated CMOS imager can combine the advantages of CMOS arrays with the sensitivity and uniformity advantages of the highest quality CCD arrays. This Phase I study will address the development of a back illuminated CMOS array for star tracker and other high performance applications, ending with the conceptual design for a back-illuminated CMOS array. In Phase II the design will be completed, fabricated and evaluated. The anticipated benefit of Phase I is a star tracker conceptual design that affords greater radiation tolerance and lower cost without sacrificing performance. The prospect of reduced cost and improved radiation tolerance will make the proposed CMOS based star tracker attractive to DOD, NASA and commercial spacecraft manufacturers. There may be a broader market for star trackers as a backup for GPS navigation systems which can be disabled by jamming. This is a more cost conscious market where a CMOS focal plane incorporating the A/D converter and other circuits on the chip can lead to significant cost savings. |
| ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
8130 Shaffer Pkwy Littleton, CO 80127 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 285-5149
Dr. Lin Simpson AF 02-057 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Antenna Arrays for Spectroscopic Division of Wavefront Focal-Plane Imaging Polarimetry |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project will develop an enabling technology that performs Spectroscopic Division of Wavefront Polarimetry using Antenna Arrays in an imaging focal-plane configuration. ITN will combine groups of four carefully designed antennas to form a single pixel that completely determines the polarization state of light. The high frequency energy collected by each antenna will be converted to a usable signal with integrated rectifiers (diodes, bolometers, etc.). Since frequency collection is simply a geometric/engineering issue for antennas, ITN will be able to combine antennas in a focal-plane array to detect a broad spectrum of wavelengths with resolution and band-widths engineered to the specific requirements of the application. ITN has the advanced e-beam lithographic processing available in-house to perform the challenging research and development needed to design, build, and test the small antennas/rectifiers that scale with the wavelength of the light for optimum collection efficiency. Furthermore, ITN has substantial polarimetry expertise including patented technology with unique calibration capabilities. While the processing and goals of this program will be challenging, development of a high-resolution focal-plane array that simultaneously measures the full polarization state of light at multiple (perhaps hundreds or thousands) wavelengths will revolutionize the IR and visible imaging detector industry. An uncooled focal-plane imaging array polarimeter that simultaneously measures the full polarization state of light at multiple wavelengths by itself is extremely unique. However, the unique capabilities combined with relatively low material cost, compared to present IR detectors, and no moving parts is truly an enabling technology that will revolutionize the IR and visible imaging detector industry; providing a market pull for applications ranging from phenomenological polarimetry research and development, in/on-line material characterization, to surveillance with unmatched recognition and tracking abilities. Commercially, surveillance is a growing multi-billion dollar industry. However, development of the unique capabilities of an inexpensive multiple wavelength imaging polarimeter will be truly enabling; not only capturing present market share with superior technology, but also expanding commercial and military markets to applications that had previously been limited by technology and cost. |
| PLANNING SYSTEMS INC.
12030 Sunrise Valley Dr, Suite 400, Reston Plaza I Reston, VA 20191 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(228) 689-8458
Dr. Walton McBride AF 02-057 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Simulation of Round-the-Clock Polarization-based Target Discrimination by an Airborne Sensor from .4 to 14 microns |
| Abstract: | In response to this Phase I topic, Planning Systems Incorporated (PSI) proposes the development of physics-based algorithms to characterize the effects of the environment on polarization-based imagery collected by an airborne platform over a 24-hour period anywhere in the world, and the development of interactive simulation tools to test these algorithms. A backwards raytrace technique, capable of creating photorealistic simulations, will be used to model the polarized spectral imagery recorded by a simulated array of "mini-sensors" in the imaging plane. The polarized skylight distribution incident on the scene and imager will be modeled using a state-of-the-art Monte Carlo technique developed by Texas A&M University. PSI will leverage proprietary algorithms that simulate the effect of important environmental phenomena such as forward scattering and turbulence, which were previously developed for use with unpolarized imagery. PSI will also apply previously developed techniques that create a surface topology with user-selected spatial correlation statistics. By simulating the approach of an airborne imager from any angle at any time of day, developed algorithms will be directly useful in determining military approach scenarios for optimal target detection/discrimination. Direct follow-on commercial applications include improved airborne monitoring of agricultural/forestry crops and enhanced airborne identification of illicit crops. The proposed effort will provide the tools necessary to help determine the benefits to the military of using polarization in target detection/discrimination missions. These results will be directly applicable to other efforts to discriminate targets from an airborne platform; this includes crop health assessment and the ability to remotely detect illicit crops among legal crops/natural vegetation. |
| THE SCATTER WORKS, INC.
17 Wagon Wheel Rd. North Attleboro, MA 02760 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 695-3164
Dr. John C. Stover AF 02-057 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Polarization Phenomenology Modeling and Simulation |
| Abstract: | The proposed work suggests a method of analyzing multiple images of the same surveillance scene in order to enhance identification of ground-based objects. The multiple images, which must be obtained using different measurement parameters (polarization, wavelength, relative position, etc.), are compared to a data base generated from scattering models of different objects (and materials) of common ground based objects. A unique method of comparison is employed that allows a computer to generate identification results and related probability of success. The object is to prove the comparison technique for the situation of scattered sunlight; however, once proven, it can be applied to other input data sets, such as, IR emission. Generating the scattering database is a significant portion of the work. Optimizing the choice of parameters to be compared is a key element of the project. In addition to using modeled scatter data for numerical experiments; a set of samples will be measured to obtain their scattering characteristics. This data will be analyzed in a similar way to demonstrate feasibility. If successful the project will demonstrate a technique that can be used to enhance information gathered from surveillance photos. The fact that the comparison technique depends on models to create a comparison data means that the required data base information can be generated in a manner that is very cost effective compared to actually taking data. If successful for use with visible scattered light, then a similar comparison technique can be developed for other forms of surveillance, such as mid-IR emission or even illumination of the scene by radio wave to micro-wave frequencies. |
| SCION ASSOCIATES
439 Fillmore Street Port Townsend, WA 98368 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(360) 379-4681
Mr. Robert C. Livingston AF 02-058 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Geophysical Interpretation of Digital Ionosonde Signatures |
| Abstract: | The high-frequency ionosonde is a familiar instrument in radio science and an essential asset for operational propagation prediction. However, the capability of the typical ionosonde is under-utilized: it provides a vast amount of information about the ionosphere and its dynamics, extending from short- through very large spatial scales, but little advantage is taken of these data. We propose a merger of software and hardware that can significantly expand the capabilities of the ionosonde as a scientific and operational support instrument. A complex echo recognition approach to data processing has been proven by many years of HF radar science using the NOAA Dynasonde. The technique utilizes the full complex signal returns, resulting in ionogram data of outstanding resolution and precision. In trade for this enhanced function, the processing algorithms place stringent requirements on receiver hardware phase performance. We outline the software tasks necessary to adapt the approach to real-time operation in a generalized, network-based user interface. The hardware effort will specify the receiver performance necessary to meet data processing requirements, considering existing and new receiver designs, with an emphasis on the digital detection portion of the system. The proposed approach provides a cost effective means to obtain significant performance improvement from an asset that is essential to operational DoD systems and to radio science research. |
| SPACE ENVIRONMENT CORPORATION
399 North Main, Suite 325 Logan, UT 84321 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(435) 752-6567
Dr. J. Vincent Eccles AF 02-058 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Geophysical Interpretation of Digital Ionosonde Signatures |
| Abstract: | The ionosonde is an important ionospheric monitor for determining ionospheric parameters useful in nav/com technologies as well as assimilative space weather models. Unfortunately, existing analysis software requires human assistance to obtain quality parameters suitable for assimilation. Even when expertly reduced, many parameters required by assimilation models, such as error estimates, are not provided. Therefore, existing ionosonde datastreams are not utilized in space weather operations, assimilation models, or other applications. We propose to define and test software technology to overcome the continued neglect of valuable ionosonde networks. First, we will produce a detailed report of the necessary parameters and information required by assimilation models from ionosondes to advance the relevancy of ionosondes. The proposed software package will use innovative ionogram analysis methods including (1) algorithms to remove RF artifacts not associated with the ionosphere, (2) time-series analysis of ionograms, (3) physics-based, expert determination of the ionogram trace, (4) expanded output resulting from the advanced analysis including traditional ionogram characteristics, ionosphere parameters, ionosphere drivers, and, importantly, associated errors and variation characteristics of output parameters. The package will possess adaptable data input capability to allow for broad use. Key technologies to be developed under this proposed effort are aimed at making existing ionosonde networks immediately valuable to the space weather community. The Air Force has ionosonde networks and would be an immediate market for the techology. However, users of other ionosondes and legacy ionosonde databases would be able to use the package. Additional application possibilities will be available as low-power ionosondes become more attractive for use in RF sensitive environments. |
| SRS TECHNOLOGIES
1800 Quail Street, Suite 101, P.O. Box 9219 Newport Beach, CA 92660 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 971-7031
Mr. Brian Patrick AF 02-059 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active Controlled Membrane Mirrors with Shape Memory |
| Abstract: | The increasing demand for large aperture imaging and High Energy Laser (HEL) space-based systems has led to a technology push for light-weight, deployable primary mirrors. The use of a thin, space-rated, polymer membrane material as a primary mirror is a possible solution for this problem. SRS has developed processes to produce membranes with a very precise optical quality surface with very low areal density. Incorporation of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) into an optical quality membrane will then provide the required energy necessary for deployment after launch. Using this process a precision optical shape can be formed using an SMA/Membrane material then a thermal step allows for efficient packaging. Another thermal step then lets the material recover its initial shape. The use of a non-contact magnetic actuation system would then allow for final shape optimization. Under this effort feasibility demonstrations will be conducted on a membrane/SMA composite for use as a deployable mirror, and a non-contact magnetic actuator system. The successful demonstration of the proposed concept of a Polymer Membrane/Shape Memory Alloy material to perform as a deployable primary mirror will provide an immediate impact on many current and future USAF, NASA, and other DoD space-based large aperture imaging or High Energy Laser (HEL) applications. Many require multi-meter apertures capable of being deployed after launch. The development of this technology along with a feasibility demonstration of a non-contact magnetic actuation system would enable such designs to become a reality and also open the door for commercial parties that are interested in the use of very large aperture mirrors. |
| AEC-ABLE ENGINEERING CO. INC.
7200 Hollister Ave. Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 690-2439
Mr. David Murphy AF 02-060 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Long-Stroke Isolation System for Large Flexible Space Structures |
| Abstract: | The proposed SBIR Phase 1 program will conceptually develop a lightweight long stroke isolation system for large flexible space structures, and ready this technology for a follow-on SBIR Phase 2 hardware validation program. The isolation system technology to be developed will provide mechanical/electrical connection and dynamic isolation between large steerable deployable appendage and spacecraft, respectively. The proposed Phase 1 program will establish isolation system concept feasibility through design and analytical modeling, and trade study/evaluation activities. Concept feasibility will be determined by quantitatively and/or qualitatively assessing isolation characteristics, agility characteristics, safe mode operation, power/data transfer, weight, cost, complexity, reliability, packaging, deployment, and survivability. The proposed Phase 1 program will be executed through a team approach, working concurrently with the AFRL and other subsystem technology partners. The potential benefits and commercial value of isolation systems could be enormous, as this technology is mission enabling for future missions. Future spacecraft trends for both the DoD and commercial markets are focusing on larger and larger deployed solar array, antenna, and other mechanical systems in an effort to increase mission capability. These large deployable systems will require an isolation system that provides long stroke frictionless motion and isolation of flexible dynamics to completely fulfill mission requirements. A feasible isolation system is mission enabling for many future applications, and as such will capture significant commercial value. |
| HONEYBEE ROBOTICS
204 Elizabeth Street New York, NY 10012 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(212) 966-0661
Mr. Kiel Davis AF 02-060 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Long-Stroke Isolation System for Large Flexible Space Structures |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to establish the feasibility of a lightweight, articulated boom concept capable of providing a mechanical connection between two spacecraft while maintaining a high-degree of dynamic isolation. During a previous study, the functional tasks of the boom system were defined and preliminary performance requirements for subsystems were derived. Basic boom system principles were reported and a technology concept was formulated. This proposal seeks to further characterize the boom system feasibility through analytical and experimental investigation of critical functions. Specifically, the proposed research will focus on the design and performance of the boom's robotic joints. The system's kinematic configuration will be validated through analysis of workspace, packaging and deployment requirements. The robotic joint design concept will be validated through thorough analysis of joint performance models and simulations that assume the use of existing, commercially available components and technologies. Robotic joint technical challenges will be identified and a program plan will be formulated that includes an implementation and development strategy for any new technologies. Designs and test plans for critical-function breadboards will be developed. One breadboard will be built and tested. While the Honeybee Robotics work to date has been largely project-based, the company is eager to expand its business in the area of recurring sales and product lines. The proposed application has a large potential in the commercial satellite industry and Honeybee Robotics believes that it is well placed, with the development assistance of the SBIR program, to make the innovation commercially available if successful. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS INC.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Mark L. Hanson AF 02-062 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi Agent-based Satellite System for Information Fusion (MASSIF) |
| Abstract: | Recent military operations illustrate the importance of information dominance and the subsidiary need to provide enhanced battlespace awareness to the warfighter. The emergence of space-based assets offers an unprecedented opportunity to enhance battlespace awareness. Because space-based assets are inherently distributed and are becoming even more so due to satellite clusters, achieving information dominance requires fusing large amounts of information between sensors and vehicles based on intelligence requirements. For satellite clusters, this implies that cluster management (e.g. formation planning, payload management, etc.) needs to be more closely coupled with information fusion. In cluster operations, traditional research has focused on formation control algorithms. Here, we focus on information fusion with respect to: 1) assessing the battlespace situation with respect to overall mission requirements; 2) determining the information needs based on high-level user-generated requirements; and 3) translating the information needs into high-level cluster specific tasking. We propose to develop a Multi Agent-based Satellite System for Information Fusion (MASSIF). The innovation is the application of computational intelligence techniques such as fuzzy logic and Bayesian belief networks with distributed agent technology and messaging for information fusion in distributed systems such as spacecraft clusters. We see considerable potential for this approach in enhancing cluster management control. The proposed technology will directly support and augment present and future autonomous systems involving multiple spacecraft, UAVs, and underwater submersibles. It is also applicable to complex systems such as power plants that possess distributed components, which require reconfiguration and monitoring. The core technology complements various ongoing projects including a current effort sponsored by NASA to build a distributed environment for spacecraft onboard planning and scheduling. We also plan to generalize the agent to embed in our Intelligent Agent Toolkit for use in any domain requiring intelligent agent interaction. |
| INTERFACE AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, INC.
8945 Guilford Road, Suite 120 Columbia, MD 21046 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 290-7600
Pat Cappelaere AF 02-062 Selected for Award |
| Title: | ABEL: an Adaptive Belief Engine for Satellite Cluster Data Fusion |
| Abstract: | To support autonomous scenarios, future constellations of satellites must manage multiple sources of information carrying various levels of uncertainty. Multi-mode payloads will be autonomously configured based on fusion of evidences provided by independent cooperative agents. This will require an advanced architecture to loosely couple distributed knowledge sources. The Adaptive Belief Engine will concurrently manage uncertain information from onboard processing agents as part of a Cluster Manager's intelligent reasoning. The same engine will concurrently support integrated Fault Management at the vehicle and/or cluster level. It will manage, corroborate or refute evidences with varying degrees of certainty. These evidences are dynamically gathered from various diagnostics and prognostics engines providing unparalleled confidence in spacecraft automation. Results will be accumulated into the embedded shared database. Significantly, a cooperating expert system will evaluate rules, dynamically uploaded, that will trigger based on user-tunable thresholds of certainty associated with the current set of hypotheses. The real-time executive will then concurrently process specified scripts to intelligently task the cluster payload and elements or even recover from newly detected faults. This component will be integrated within a distributed blackboard architecture required to allow interchange of information across heterogeneous elements such as subsystems, satellite clusters or other unmanned vehicles. - Increase return in opportunistic acquisition of data (based on unanticipated events detected onboard) for military or science applications. Sophisticated image or geo-location processing algorithms intrinsically generate uncertain data. However, combination of enough evidences provided by cooperating agents could result in opportunistic acquisition not previously anticipated. Autonomous and continuous monitoring of wide areas becomes possible. Stealth or silent mode of operations becomes the norm until specific data is downlinked. This results in an effective data compression ratio that can reach 10,000:1 as proven by the New Millennium Space Technology 6 program. - Increase effectiveness in delivering the right information at the right time to the right person (i.e. "direct to the shooters or the scientists"). - Enhanced fault management allowing uncertainty within a set of cooperating diagnostics/prognostics engines working at the subsystem or system level and providing the means for autonomous recovery. - Decreased ground support cost due to a more effective onboard autonomous fault management recovery architecture that will communicate with the onboard planner and/or the model-based reasoner to reconfigure or re-plan as necessary. This open architecture provides the necessary framework for inclusion of best-of-breed products to interoperate in a cooperative manner assuming that they handle uncertainty in a similar manner. This paves the way for more intelligent and capable systems in the field. - Significant software cost reduction by providing a freely available, open-source component supported by a proven software vendor. Potential Commercial Applications of the Research and Development There is an increasing desire in many organizations, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Defense (DOD), to use constellations or fleets of autonomous spacecraft working together to accomplish complex mission objectives. The Afghan conflict saw the first unmanned vehicle with missile capability opening the way to Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) constellations already planned by the Air Force and the Navy. The Office of Naval Research, Future Naval Capabilities, states: "Let robots do the dangerous work. Naval forces can enhance their capabilities with technologies that increase the autonomy, performance and affordability of their organic uninhabited vehicle systems. Autonomous systems will let Sailors and Marines disperse throughout the battlespace and still operate effectively, influencing the action over great distances and long spans of time." NASA's Space Launch Initiative has invested significant resources to perform risk reduction in key technology area deemed necessary to close the business case for the next-generation space vehicle. One such technology area (TA-5), will address risks in developing an Integrated Vehicle Health Management system onboard the vehicle and on the Ground. The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), National Security Agency (NSA), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) programs such as Counter Camouflage, Concealment and Deception (Counter CC&D), Foliage Penetration (FOPEN) and UAV classified programs will also greatly benefit from this proposal work. These capabilities usually require a multi-mode radar and need to be interfaced with other sensors. Onboard processing and fusion of uncertain data is a key element. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has initiated the TechSat-21 program to serve as a proof of concept mission for a new paradigm for space missions. This paradigm seeks to reduce costs and increase system robustness and maintainability by distributing functionality over several micro-satellites flying in formation. Our involvement in this program gives us a unique opportunity to address both system/cluster level health management as well as radar payload data fusion in a flight configuration. |
| AEROASTRO, INC.
520 Huntmar Park Drive Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 481-3785
Mr. Ray Zenick AF 02-063 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Proximity Inspection Sensor Array and Remote Radio Frequency Diagnostic Tool |
| Abstract: | A significant problem for stakeholders in large satellite systems is the difficulty of getting data about these systems when it counts the most - in orbit and during critical anomalous situations. Near-field diagnostic tools - including visual and infrared images and close-range radio frequency measurements - are now becoming feasible to examine performance, anomalies, and failures on orbit. AeroAstro proposes the conceptual development of a sensor suite for satellite inspection. The goal is to develop a `toolbox' for inspection and failure diagnosis, and to study how this would be implemented on a mission such as XSS-11. AeroAstro will focus on the development of an RF probe, which could be used in space to inspect the RF signals emanating from a target satellite. This probe would be much like an intelligent spectrum analyzer, which when used in conjunction with a calibrated, wide-bandwidth antenna would be capable of signal level, classification, and quality measurements of a target satellite's transponders, antennas, waveguide assemblies, and near-field RF emissions. Based on patented conceptual work already completed by AeroAstro, the RF probe high-level design relies on straightforward RF technology. Commercial-off-the-shelf components will be used wherever possible, and AeroAstro will leverage other ongoing RF work for certain components where applicable. AeroAstro will develop a conceptual satellite diagnostic `toolbox' and apply this concept to existing satellite inspection systems, with a particular focus on bringing the RF probe to near-PDR level in Phase I. The Phase I effort will provide a solid foundation for developing a working RF probe prototype for ground testing with an actual satellite in Phase II. The primary application of the RF probe is providing satellite information-gathering and diagnostic capabilities. In addition, the RF probe could be used for intelligence gathering on uncooperative spacecraft, undetected by the target satellite, or used in sentry mode to detect foreign satellites entering into a sensitive designated area around an important satellite. Satellite manufacturers, insurers, and operators would all benefit from proposed technology. Furthermore, the technologies developed through this project, including digital RF components, miniaturization, and signal processing tools, have applicability to other terrestrial applications. These spin-offs will be harnessed and commercialized. |
| SDS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
One Crystal Park, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 100 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 275-0101
Dr. Dunning Idle V AF 02-063 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Remote Satellite Diagnostics |
| Abstract: | SOpsSim-RSDT is physics based with detailed spacecraft models, orbital environment effects, and an analyst workstation. It models prox-ops of servicing-inspection vehicles with Resident Space Objects (RSOs) as well as ground, airborne, space-based, or RSO attached sensors producing realistic data. It processes real world or simulated signature data. The outputs describe the RSO system state. This proposal emphasizes a single area that should give good early results for Phase I. That is developing the theory, code, and observation data needed to determine current and future attitude motion and mass properties based on images available from the AFRL Starfire Optical Range and then based on optical cross section only. We will test against computer generated images, and then against real field data. Knowledge of attitude motion and mass properties will reveal details of Attitude Control System (ACS) operation and momentum-wheel motion. To demonstrate a new capability enabled by such knowledge, we also examine the case of a spacecraft in a three-axis tumble with failed attitude control, requiring external stabilization. We propose a device that flies in formation with the tumbling RSO, latches onto it, and despins it. This is the vital precursor to all servicing scenarios that include lost attitude control. SOpsSim-RSDT anticipated benefits are focused on providing satellite analysts a platform for modeling both cooperative and uncooperative Resident Space Objects. Current capabilities of the toolkit include scheduling ground and airborne sensor overflight, planning rendezvous and proximity operations for teleoperated servicing missions, and high fidelity 3D graphics visualization of the relative geometry between sensors and RSOs. The ultimate goals for the toolkit increased spacecraft effective mission lifetime through better knowledge of RSO system state prior to a servicing mission, and increased Space Situation Awareness for organizations tasked with monitoring all RSOs. SOpsSim-RSDT anticipated benefits include but are not limited to: * Capability to model the complex physical geometry of spacecraft for visualization and synthesis of expected signatures such as imagery and optical cross section * Capability to model basic subsystems of spacecraft including power, attitude control, communications, thermal control, propulsion, and payload * Earth orbit propagation (using NORAD element sets or user supplied ECI radius and velocity vectors), relative proximity operations orbit propagation, and attitude propagation for planning sensor to RSO relative geometry and deriving attitude pose estimates from synthetic and real world images and cross section measurements * Linearized Least Squares Estimator which can use a sequence of attitude pose estimates to derive both attitude trajectory, angular velocity path in ECI or spacecraft body space, and principal moments of inertia of RSO * Polytope search algorithm for optimized search of basic states from which to initialize estimator * Evaluation of servicing mission, to include orbitology, servicer design and operations, and rendezvous, proximity operations, and docking trajectories * High fidelity visualization of complex robot manipulator geometry * Avoidance of plume impingement affects during proximity operations, stationkeeping, and final docking/capture * Initial human control of flight path and manipulator trajectories can be used as a starting point for evaluating mission feasibility and optimization of final automated control sequence * Point design TALON spacecraft allows the capture of uncooperative RSOs in uncontrolled full three-axis tumbles. This includes use of video imagery to estimate current target attitude, attitude rate, and mass properties. * Point design INCHWORM allows self repair without the cost of mounting a full repair mission. This will avoid the major expense of the launch of a servicing spacecraft and even the propellant costs of a maneuvering a space based servicing spacecraft. It also will allow for self assembly of large structures such as Space Based Laser or Relay Mirror beam expander optics. For spacecraft which are already on-orbit, INCHWORM is the ideal platform for diagnostics sensors. It can externally attach to an RSO and then "walk" over the exterior surface to place sensors in desired locations. It can then conduct spacecraft repairs if equipped with the appropriate end-effector tools. * Potential Integration with other current and planned Joint BattleSpace InfoSphere products for mission evaluation, conduct joint exercises, military utility studies, and operator training and rehearsal SOpsSim-RSDT is designed as one of a series of Satellite Advisor Module (SAM) modules that cooperate in aiding Ground Systems Operators (GSO) GSOs and the warfighter customers. The SAM series of products are all aimed at providing a unified robust environment to research, develop, implement, and VVA within. Ultimately, the SAM interface can evolve into the actual operational interface with training features being used as operational aids and operational features being embedded into the training tutors. SAM products are designed upon shared communication and DMT type environments to ensure that realistic high fidelity team training occurs including the stress of simulated combat operations. |
| SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS INC
55 Middlesex street Chelmsford, MA 02144 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 251-4554
Dr. John Noto AF 02-064 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An innovative dayglow spectrometer utilizing Fabry-Perot etalons |
| Abstract: | This proposal investigates the use of two different Fabry-Perot based airglow sense to determine the most efficacious design of a daytime airglow sensor. Using a combination of holographic optical elements and Fabry-Perot etalons a system will be designed that will have the ability to observe several different wavelengths during the entire diurnal period. Airglow observations proposed in Phase I will be used to validate the holographic FP-CCD coupling optics. Then two strawman models will be developed to compare and contrast an FP imaging system with a non-imaging system this will allow the full system design of a dayglow spectrometer that will be constructed in Phase II. The system will provide spatial as well as spectral information, allowing the detection of 630.0nm airglow to be used as a predictor of equatorial spread-f. Scientific Solutions has a long heritage of airglow observations including a robotic airglow photometer in Chile, the proposed system will incorporate many of the same design elements. The final system will be autonomous, capable of independent or remote controlled operation over the Internet. The commercial aspects of this technology are unlimited. An immediate customer will be NOAA and the Air Force both who need thermospheric dynamics information for many space weather models. A variant of this technology can be used for in-situ clear air turbulence detection and the construction of very efficient LIDAR systems. |
| ITN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
8130 Shaffer Pkwy Littleton, CO 80127 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 285-5116
Dr. Michael Schwartz AF 02-067 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low Temperature Ceramic Oxygen Generating System |
| Abstract: | ITN Energy Systems, Inc. proposes to develop an electrically-pumped, low-temperature ceramic oxygen generating system to support aeromedical and On-Board Oxygen Generating System uses. The proposed ceramic oxygen generating system is based on ITN's novel five-layer, monolithically integrated unit cell and incorporates an advanced, low-temperature (500-700 oC) thin-film electrolyte. In addition, the system will incorporate state-of-the-art components, including recuperators, heat exchangers, insulation and air blowers to minimize the system size and power consumption. During this Phase I program, ITN will design, fabricate and operate a ceramic oxygen generating system resulting in the characterization of a small-scale (0.1-1 liter/min) breadboard device. Experimental results will be used to gain an understanding of the performance issues associated with the low temperature operation of a ceramic oxygen generating system. A model of the overall system will also be developed and used to optimize the system for minimum size, weight and input power. Successful completion of Phase I will result in the demonstration of the basic ceramic oxygen generation components. Performance metrics will be determined and an overall system design for the OBOGS will be performed. The use of a thin-film, monolithically-integrated unit cell will result in a ceramic oxygen generating system that will be more efficient and more compact than existing electrochemical approaches for oxygen generation from air. This device is also expected to be more efficient than the pressure swing adsorption technique. This will allow for the ITN ceramic oxygen generating system to find applications in the Air Force On-Board Oxygen Generating System and in commercial applications for the generation of medical grade oxygen. |
| NEXTECH MATERIALS, LTD.
720-I Lakeview Plaza Blvd. Worthington, OH 43085 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 842-6606
Dr. Matthew M. Seabaugh AF 02-067 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low Temperature Ceramic Oxygen Generation |
| Abstract: | Numerous applications within the military and medical fields would benefit from compact and electrically efficient oxygen generation systems. Ceramic-based electrochemical oxygen generation systems are under consideration for military applications, including oxygen supplies for aircraft, medevacs, and mobile hospitals. On-board oxygen generation systems (OBOGs) reduce logistics costs associated with liquid oxygen delivery systems. Current OBOGS systems, based on molecular sieve and pressure swing absorption (PSA) technology, generate low-pressure, oxygen-enriched air (90-95% oxygen). Compared to PSA systems, ceramic oxygen generation systems provide higher purity oxygen (>99%) at higher pressures (>2,500 psi), in a smaller unit, with reduced lifecycle costs and no moving parts. The advantages of ceramic oxygen generation systems are well known, although successful deployment has been elusive. NexTech Materials will collaborate with Northrup Grumman to demonstrate cerium oxide-based ceramic electrolyte materials that operate at low (~650 C) temperatures in systems that are manufacturable, smaller, more reliable, and more efficient. In the Phase I program, materials and components for working prototype will be produced and assembled to prove the viability of the concept and demonstrate oxygen generation. In Phase II, breadboard ceramic oxygen systems will be optimized with respect to system design and operation. The targeted ceramic oxygen generation system will operate at low temperature and provide high pressure, high purity oxygen for life support and medical applications. Potential commercial applications include medical oxygen generation for home health, paramedic and disaster relief and small-scale oxygen generation for welding, chemical, and semiconductor manufacturing. |
| VIRTUAL SIMULATION AND TRAINING INC.
1538 Scottsgate Court North Xenia, OH 45385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 879-4183
Mr. John F. Lethert AF 02-068 Selected for Award |
| Title: | DMT Training Requirements and Capability Analysis |
| Abstract: | Distributed Mission Training (DMT) provides mission training and rehearsal in a simulated full-mission environment. Since technology cannot support a completely realistic environment, analyses are critical to determine what technology permits to be trained, and to what level it can be trained. Technology vs. training performance trade-offs need to be consciously examined and prioritized. Virtual Simulation and Training, Inc.(VSAT), supported by the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI), will perform the research and analysis needed to tailor the Air Force standard Training System Requirements Analysis (TSRA) process for the DMT environment. These analytic changes will then be supported by an interactive Mission Training Analysis Database (MTAD) ultimately connecting task requirements to training equipment performance characteristics on one end of a continuum, and to issues understood by high level decision-makers on the other. The new process, called Distributed Mission Training Streamlined Requirements Analysis (DMTSRA), will differ substantially from the standard TSRA process. Phase I will include research to develop the DMTSRA process using the combat portion of an air-to-air fighter mission. Results will be incorporated into a prototype MTAD. The architecture and key features of the MTAD will also be demonstrated in Phase I. Benefits include: (1) production of valid technology-training trade-off data supporting high-level decisions; (2) audit trail from mission tasks and scenarios, through measures of performance and effectiveness, finally to the required characteristics of DMT media (simulators) and other DMT components, (3) ability to determine the effects of new players, threats, scenarios, and subsystems on DMT performance requirements, and (4) ability to determine what training is not effective in DMT so that it can be addressed elsewhere. Potential commercial products are the DMTSRA process, the MTAD architecture, populated MTADs, and related software packages. Potential customers include a wide variety of military and civilian aerospace systems and other complex systems requiring training analysis. |
| OMNI MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS, INC.
1150 Airport Drive S. Burlington, VT 05403 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(802) 865-5223
Mr. Mark Harvie AF 02-069 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Aircrew Bladder Relief Capability |
| Abstract: | Omni Measurement Systems, Inc. of South Burlington, Vermont has designed a comfortable, automated bladder relief system for female and male aircrew members flying long-distance missions in aircrafts without toilet facilities. The system does not use any type of catheter, is compact and can be worn so that it is not visible to others. The pilot can chose between two hands-free and odor-free methods of urine collection: either an attached bag or detachable bag. The system keeps female pilots dry after urination, unlike the adult diapers currently being worn. For male pilots, the system not only keeps them dry, but requires significantly less time and attention to use than currently available "piddle packs". The Omni Bladder Relief System could easily be adapted for use by ambulatory, bedridden and wheelchair-bound adults with urinary incontinence. It can be used by civilian, hang glider and glider pilots whose aircraft lack toilet facilities, and long-distance truckers and race car drivers whose vehicles lack toilet facilities. It can be adapted for use by rescue workers, firefighters and other professionals who cannot remove their protective suits to urinate. It can also be used by male and female ground troops, and soldiers in tanks. |
| PRECISION DESIGN INC.
P.O. Box 2064 Weatherford, OK 73096 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(580) 772-2140
Mr. Craig Easter AF 02-069 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Aircrew Bladder Relief Capability |
| Abstract: | The VARS (Vacuum Assisted Relief System) is a novel system that provides aircrew bladder relief of both male and female pilots using the same type private individual interface. Comfort for long duration flights is achieved through a natural interface. The system may be integrated to the aircraft or secured to the body by belt clip or other methods. The system includes barrier creams, an interface that replaces existing undergarments, plastic tubing, and in some cases pumps and reservoirs. The system has features that provide for essentially eliminating leakage and additionally provides for drying of the skin. This system has usage across the social spectrum from astronauts to those confined to wheelchairs. Commercialization Potential: Urinary incontinence alone. Prevalence: About 13 million adults Replacement of conventional diapers a 3.5 billion annual market. VARS has the same potential to replace disposable diapers as disposable diapers did in the early 60's, in eliminating laundry trucks |
| APTIMA, INC.
12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 842-1548
Dr. Michael Paley AF 02-070 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Time Critical Targeting Cell (TCTC) for Team Training and Evaluation |
| Abstract: | The training of effective teams has become increasingly important in both military and civilian settings. The state of our current knowledge about taskwork and teamwork processes enables us to propose a theory-anchored, systematic method for the design of team training and evaluation. In Phase I we will design an integrated team training system, that employs a synthetic task environment representing the Time Critical Targeting Cell (TCTC), that links team competencies, mission scenarios, and measures of performance to provide focused, distributed simulation-based training. This team training system will afford its user the ability to define team synthetic tasks that will train team competencies and generate tailored feedback, based on performance measures, to support training processes. In doing so, we believe that this project offers the unique opportunity to close the loop in the scenario-based training development process. Synthetic task environments, capable of distributed simulations, provide the infrastructure for this training and the proposed team training system will be built as an extension of the Distributed Dynamic Decisionmaking (DDD) team-in-the-loop simulator. In Phase II, we will operationalize the requirements for the team training system and develop a tool to create and administer distributed, scenario-based team training. The team training system described in this proposal provides an integrated method to design and execute team training and evaluation. Our approach gives training developers a specific process to generate training programs that are directly related to specific team competencies. Incorporating scenario design and specification of measures of performance into the team training tool will help to ensure that the simulation-based training, using the DDD, will trigger the targeted competencies and generate feedback that supports learning. The tools we propose will reduce the front-end time and effort needed to design training scenarios and improve the quality of the time spent training teams. This tool will be useful to military and commercial applications that need to train and are dependent on high-reliability team performance. |
| INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2800 28th Street, Suite 306 Santa Monica, CA 90405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 581-5440
Dr. Azad M. Madni AF 02-071 Selected for Award |
| Title: | ProcessTrainT: Cognitive Model-driven Distributed Interactive Training for the C2 Aerospace Operations Center (AOC) |
| Abstract: | The Aerospace Operations Center is a weapon system through which the Joint Forces Component Commander exercises command and control of aerospace forces. The mission of the AOC is to plan, execute, and assess aerospace operations. These functions cut across multiple aerospace disciplines and specialties in both a vertical and horizontal fashion creating a major training challenge. The paramount need of AOC personnel today is for a cognitive framework-driven process training implemented via an Internet/Intranet environment that allows students easy, 7x24 access to scenario-based process training. Phase I of this effort will demonstrate the feasibility of designing and developing an interactive, scenario-based process training system. The training system will benefit all military/civilian/commercial programs requiring a cognitive framework for assessing the importance and relevance of information flow. Commercial applications include: emergency preparedness planning and execution training for hospitals, trauma care, natural disasters, as well as major event planning (e.g., Olympics). |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOCIATES, INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd., Suite 350 San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 655-7242
Mr. Richard Stottler AF 02-071 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An Intelligent Tutoring System for the Aerospace Operations Center (AOC) |
| Abstract: | The ultimate goal is to improve the cognitive skills of AOC personnel by providing them practice, evaluation, and feedback in simulated AOC operational scenarios. This will be accomplished by the development of an Intelligent Tutoring System for AOC operations. The ITS will allow instructors to create scenarios and to customize methods to automatically evaluate student decisions. Evaluation of student decisions will occur automatically by the ITS which is monitoring the student's and possibly other team members' actions. Based on this and other information the ITS will automatically assemble a debriefing which will include the student's correct and incorrect decisions; for the incorrect ones a description of what the correct decision should have been and why, playbacks of critical events, and additional information from the scenario run. The ITS will automatically formulate a remedial course of instruction which includes additional scenarios to test the student's updated knowledge and provide additional practice in their weakest areas. During Phase I we will elicit the required AOC knowledge including models of information flow and processes, design the AOC simulator and instructional strategies and demonstrate a limited prototype of the Tactical Decision-Making ITS to prove its feasibility beyond a doubt. AOC personnel are the direct targets for this effort. Other military applications of the technology abound. Commercial variants could be directed toward large companies to teach their information flow, processes, organization, and policies to employees. |
| SONALYSTS, INC.
215 Parkway North, P.O. Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 326-3792
James E. McCarthy AF 02-072 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Integrated Satellite Operations Training and Rehearsal for Multiple Satellite System Ground Control |
| Abstract: | The Phase I effort will develop a Functional Description Document to establish requirements/constraints for a closed-loop adaptive training architecture that will support mission-area training. This training architecture will provide integrated satellite operations training as well as mission rehearsal for multiple satellite systems by using advanced interactive multimedia instruction (IMI); intelligent tutoring system (ITS) technology; and advanced modeling, simulation, stimulation, and visualization technologies. Preliminary designs for an Instructional Expert and Learner Model will be included the Phase I effort. Also, a demonstration will be created with the appearance of a prototypical closed-loop training curriculum for a targeted mission-area that will be implemented under the new three-phase Satellite Training Concept. Finally, a curriculum analysis and a first-level requirements analysis will be performed. The curriculum analysis will provide a sample of the content to be taught with the technology. The first-level requirements analysis will describe the implications of the closed-loop functionality from a software perspective. The Phase I effort will provide the groundwork for a solid training system that will support continued research into training effectiveness, satellite operations training continuum concepts, human systems integration, manning reduction, and automation of satellite system operation. Human resources allocated to student and instructor billets are a major life-cycle driver in any complex system. Advanced learning technologies have the potential to reduce both training times to achieve mission-capable personnel and to reduce instructor billets for equivalent training. Closed-loop adaptive training concepts also apply to efficient and effective maintenance of mission-critical skills. A scaleable and extendable architecture based on proven COTS components offers the potential for open-architecture solutions and competitive pressure to provide better training for less cost. |
| OPTICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES
3280 E. FOOTHILL BLVD.,, SUITE 300 PASADENA, CA 91107 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(216) 831-0780
Arvi Jeffery AF 02-073 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Runway Lighting Technology for Portable Applications |
| Abstract: | Optical Research Associates (ORA), teamed with key subcontractors, will develop an efficient and reliable temporary runway lighting system to improve the ability of pilots to land at secondary landing sites under battlefield conditions. ORA will present runway lighting systems that are fully FAA compliant and based on the latest advances from the lighting industry. All systems will be developed to be robust and operator-friendly, for use by Joint operators in all world-wide theatres of operation and under all environmental conditions. While the main objective is a build a tactical system for U.S. and allied military services, a secondary application is as a temporary, backup lighting system for commercial airfields throughout the US. |
| PROTOBOX LLC
1464 North Broad St. Fairborn, OH 45324 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 879-2588
Mr. George J. Valentino AF 02-073 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Concepts for Runway Visualization (ACRV) |
| Abstract: | Protobox LLC has formulated a series of advanced concepts to improve runway visualization at both austere fields and at more permanent installations. We propose specific improvements to the existing, yet dated EALS (Emergency Airfield Lighting System), as well as a revolutionary concept called the Augmented Reality Runway Visualization System (ARRVS). The goals of our research effort will be to maintain or improve, but never diminish, the aircrew's ability to locate the runway and to safely land on (or takeoff from) the runway, while at the same time reducing weight, volume, and power requirements of conventional, portable runway lighting systems. Our research also includes a process for interacting with operational organizations, aircrews, and standards organizations, so that a melding of these advanced concepts with existing and emerging runway lighting standards and operational considerations will occur. From our pre-proposal activities, we believe that such a process will be critical to the overall viability of any proposed runway visualization system. Additionally, our concepts will be compatible with Night Vision Goggle (NVG) and other on-board sensor systems. Our proposal also includes preliminary plans for Phase II and III. A Phase I demo of the ARRVS will also be conducted. Our advanced concepts for runway visualization provide the basis for significant weight and volume reductions when compared to conventional portable and emergency runway lighting systems. We have plans for new features, functions, and capabilities that can be added to the existing EALS, plus new concepts that significantly changes the conventional runway lighting paradigm in order to improve the overall performance of the aircraft-aircrew-runway "system." |
| CHI SYSTEMS, INC.
Gwynedd Office Park, 716 N. Bethlehem Pike, Ste 300 Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 277-9288
Dr. Kelly Neville AF 02-078 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Messaging Interaction Simulation |
| Abstract: | Readiness training for satellite operators does not currently feature certain important systems that exist in the operations center - systems that play a major role in space operations and, more importantly, systems that play key roles in coordinating with and supporting external agencies and personnel. While the specific systems that are excluded vary somewhat across satellite systems, they can include the weather system (e.g., the Advanced Meteorological Information System [AMIS]), scheduling system, Defense Message System (DMS), and subscriber terminal (ST). The exclusion of these systems from the training environment is problematic for a number of reasons including the loss of opportunities for training teamwork within the SOC and larger mission team. CHI Systems proposes to improve the training provided to satellite operators by developing a system that emulates the functionality of the four systems listed above. This system, called the Multi-Use Training Technology (MUTT), will be implemented as a training suite workstation that is networked to an instructor workstation that features training exercise controls, uses intelligent agent technology to monitor and assess trainee proficiency; and allows the instructor to communicate with the trainee via the emulated DMS and ST as well as via a separate messaging tool that supports training-related communications. The Multi-User Training Technology (MUTT) represents an important training device for satellite operators across Department of Defense (DoD) services and agencies. It is similarly valuable to training commercial satellite operators, although for these operators the Defense Message System (DMS) portion would likely be excluded. American business depends on over 150 commercially owned communications and imaging satellites, and the DoD manages and uses significant numbers as well. The war in the Balkans reportedly made use of four dozen satellites from nearly two dozen countries. Clearly, there is a demand for satellite operators, and the rapidly growing role of space in both military and commercial applications means that these operators will be increasingly challenged. Accordingly, high quality and thorough training will become increasingly important for satellite operators. MUTT represents a set of key components of that training - training of the use of the operations center weather system, scheduling system, DMS, and subscriber terminal (ST), and training of the team coordination required to successfully use the latter three systems. MUTT will be built using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and inhouse software and technology. In addition, it will feature agent-based instructional capabilities that are influenced by preceding research and development efforts but which are uniquely suited to the requirements and characteristics of satellite operations personnel. |
| SYTRONICS, INC.
4433 Dayton-Xenia Road, Building 1 Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 431-6121
Mr. John Friskie AF 02-078 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Messaging Interaction Simulation |
| Abstract: | Space systems are expensive to develop and deploy. Oftentimes, budgeting tradeoffs dictate increases in spacecraft development at the expense of developing the training systems needed to learn how to operate it. This results in on-the-job training using operational equipment versus using a controlled training environment. This is especially the case in learning the use of subscriber terminals by space crews. To counter this problem, we propose the Collaborative Operational Unit Messaging Simulation and Interaction Modeling (COMSIM) system. COMSIM applies advances in computer-supported collaborative learning to create a subscriber terminal learning environment separate from operational equipment. Additionally, COMSIM trains message interaction as the inherently collaborative activity it is through innovative applications of enterprise software, intelligent agents, and distributed simulations. A COMSIM-based training system will train space crews to become expert in messaging and provide aerospace forces to see the big picture value messaging plays in overall military operations. Potential commercial applications include COMSIM-based training environments for commercial telecommunication services that are expected to greatly increase in availability over the next decade. Additionally, we foresee opportunity to apply COMSIM to the war on terrorism as the Federal Government engineers computer support and information sharing systems to allow diverse Federal agencies share knowledge. |
| DIAMOND VISIONICS LLC
400 Plaza Drive, Suite-A, PO Box 1276 Vestal, NY 13851 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 729-8526
Mr. Graham Upton AF 02-080 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Imagery Manipulation for Simulator Databases |
| Abstract: | In military simulation, there is an ever-increasing demand to support more complexity in the visualization of synthetic environments. Tools that automate the generation of terrain databases from overhead imagery are necessary for simulations that require a high degree of geo-specific 3D cultural content given limited resources. Current tools do not address the removal of time-specific artifacts such as aircrafts, vehicles, and shadows. This reduces database realism and thereby limits the situations in which these databases can be used. In Phase I, Diamond Visionics will focus on investigating the technical feasibility of developing a highly-automated process that will perform the following steps: merge and orthorectify various numbers and types of images, automatically recognize and replace selected objectionable time-specific artifacts from image with realistic and believable non-time-specific data, and generate OpenFlight models of selected items, correlated with the source imagery. Phase I provides a documented baseline, by feasibility studies and risk reduction demonstrations, of a road map to an automated tool for the removal of time-specific artifacts from overhead imagery and a road map to an automatic creation of 3D cultural features from overhead source imagery usable for simulator database development. The technology which will allow overhead imagery to be rapidly converted to simulator databases will have potential applications on military simulators for rapid ability to do mission rehearsal for situations which come up on short notice. This would include applications such as drug interdiction operations, air traffic control in hostile areas, insertion, evacuations, etc. In commercial airline applications it will increase fidelity of simulation and improve speed of generating new databases for new PC-IG with new data of commercial airfields, rather than re-hosting old databases from legacy simulators. Furthermore, any application that demands photo-realistic, accurate and quick response databases will benefit by this technology |
| CREARE INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Dr. Robert Kline-Schoder AF 02-081 Selected for Award |
| Title: | System for Enhanced Communications in High Noise Environments |
| Abstract: | Creare proposes to design, fabricate, and test a system that will simultaneously protect personnel working in extremely high noise environments and enhance voice communications. Current Air Force ground crews are forced to work in close proximity to aircraft engines that produce in excess of 150 db of noise, which can result in noise-induced hearing loss after brief exposures without sufficient hearing protection. These flight and ground crews also have a need to communicate with other personnel. However, no existing hearing protection system offers the right level of noise reduction for these crews to work safely in extreme noise environments while simultaneously enhancing the communication signal for effective communication. Our extreme noise communication enhancement system is based on combined passive and active noise reduction technologies and will mitigate the contribution of both air- and bone-conducted noise on the inner ear while improving speech communications. During the Phase I project, we will demonstrate innovative algorithms for enhancing communication signals in high noise environments and develop a design of a system for enhanced communications in high noise environments. During the Phase II project, we will fabricate and test a prototype system for enhanced communications in high noise environments. The Creare system for enhanced communications in high noise environments will reduce the harmful effects of long duration exposure to extremely high noise levels and will facilitate speech intelligibility. The system will be used by tank crews, flight crews, flight deck personnel, mechanized infantry, and commercial operators of noisy equipment. |
| RED TAIL HAWK CORPORATION
135 Storm Rd. Groton, NY 13073 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 272-1288
Dr. John W. Parkins AF 02-081 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of a 50 dB ANC Ultra-Plug |
| Abstract: | An active noise control (ANC) earplug with communications capability is proposed. The earplug implements a new passive attenuation feature that will improve attenuation by 10 dB(A) over traditional earplugs. When used in combination with the ANC and a passive earmuff, over 50 dB(A) of noise attenuation will be achieved. The attenuation of the system will be limited only by bone-conducted noise. The bone-conducted noise is minimized in the ANC earplug compared to traditional earplugs. Speech communications will be sensed using a novel and superior approach. RTH Corporation will deliver to the Air Force an ANC earplug prototype that has been tested on an acoustic test fixture as well as on one human. The use of the ANC earplug with an earmuff will provide noise attenuation superior to any personal hearing protection device. This technology is directly applicable to the civilian aircraft environment as well as manufacturing plants, construction sites ... The improved attenuation results in superior protection from hearing trauma and improved speech intelligibility. |
| SHEET DYNAMICS, LIMITED
1776 Mentor Avenue Suite 170 Cincinnati, OH 45212 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 631-0579
Dr. Stuart Shelley AF 02-081 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active Acoustic and Bone Conduction Noise Cancellation for 150 dB(A) Noise Environments |
| Abstract: | There is a great need for improved hearing protection equipment with integral communication for high noise military environments such as flight lines and aircraft carrier flight decks. Deep insertion, communication earplugs (Attenuating Custom Communication Earplug - ACCES) combined with earmuffs are the current, state-of-the-art. Through a separate Program Research and Development Announcement (NR:01-01-HE, "Active Noise Reduction Earplug System") the Air Force is soliciting approaches to add active noise reduction capability to the ACCES earplugs to improve the low frequency noise reduction. Regardless of the reduction in acoustic pressure that can be achieved near the eardrum by any means, the factor limiting the reduction in perceived loudness (cochlear response) is bone conduction of acoustic energy directly to the cochlea. SDL proposes an innovative study that accounts for both the acoustic and bone conduction pathway contributions to cochlear response, evaluating the feasibility of actively attenuating the cochlear response attributable to both mechanisms. This technology has immediate commercial application to civilian industrial sectors including the airline industry, firefighters, law enforcement, search and rescue, industrial high pressure cleaning and sandblasting, mining and other areas. |
| OPTICS 1, INC.
3050 E Hillcrest Drive, Suite 100 Westlake Village, CA 91362 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 432-2148
Mr. Michael E. Couture AF 02-082 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Viewer for Vision Research in Developing Agile Laser Eye Protection |
| Abstract: | The use of laser devices in the battlefield is rapidly increasing - from low power line-of-sight communications to high-power lasers designed to disable or destroy enemy weaponry. These laser devices operate over a wide range of spectral regions, depending on specific application. With the increasing number of devices, the hazard to battlefield personnel is becoming a potentially significant issue. If protective devices are to be designed and deployed to personnel, it is key that these devices do not introduce unacceptable levels of image distortion that may have physiological effects such as disorientation, headache, or nausea. OPTICS 1 has extensive experience in the area of night vision goggle design and development and specifically in the area of direct-view laser eye protection devices using optical limiter materials. Principal benefits and use for this technology will remain in the military sector for the immediate future. Evaluation of this technology and fabrication of potential devices/instruments will enable quantitative study of physiological interaction between directed energy devices and human tissue. In addition, detailed evaluation of human factors will enable development of protection devices that can be worn for extended periods of time without undue distress to the wearer. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORPORATION
20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Kevin Yu AF 02-082 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Agile Laser Filters Visual Simulation Device |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Agile Laser Filter Visual Simulation (ALFVIS) device, based on Multiplexed Reflection Holographic Filters (MRHFs) and a Liquid Crystal Digital Switch (LCDS) panel. The proposed ALFVIS will have a form of a viewer for vision research on the effects of agile laser protection filter. POC's approach combines simple, compact, rugged optical components that perform high-efficiency band-rejection and have high transmission in the high- and low-pass regions. The multiplexed holographic filters can be easily swapped out to match the agile laser eye protection filters being emulated. The proposed device offers high switching speed, low voltage and low power and high stability of field response over years of field operations. In Phase I, POC will design and build the key components and analyze their performance, and will present an experimental proof-of-concept demonstration, so that in Phase II we can build a preproduction prototype. The proposed technology will form the basis of a new generation of test equipment for vision research into agile laser eye protection. Potential applications include modules incorporated into display systems, sensor protection, remote sensing, product inspection, manufacturing process control and medical instrumentation. |
| CREARE INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Mr. Harold P. Greeley AF 02-083 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Remote Cognitive State Assessment Using Voice Analysis |
| Abstract: | Military and civilian experience has shown that long-duration assignments present increased risk of performance failures as the mission progresses. This is due to interruption of normal sleep cycles and to the psychological pressures of the living and working environment. The overall objective of this project is twofold: (1) to ensure the safety and effectiveness of friendly military personnel, and (2) to access the level of fatigue of military opponents. Creare proposes to provide these measures using automated voice analysis software algorithms that can be operated from a wide range of hardware platforms already receiving remote communications from military personnel. In Phase I, we will identify and characterize changes in fatigue sensitive components of voiced words as the speaker's level of alertness changes. Voice analysis results will be compared to fatigue assessment techniques routinely used in sleep laboratories. In Phase II, we will design, build, and test a system that automatically determines a remote speaker's level of fatigue. Further testing will be done to extend the capabilities of the system to discriminate between changes in voice due to fatigue, intoxication, or physical impairment. Extension of the system's capabilities to non-English speakers will also be demonstrated. The ability to predict the readiness of personnel involved in long duty time or stressful activities has widespread military and commercial uses. Military planners will be given the ability to recognize fatigue-related weaknesses in their own forces as well as in the forces of their opponents. Planners and supervisors of airlines, truck fleets, and bus lines, as well as police and firefighter companies will be given a capability that will result in fewer accidents and increased efficiency. |
| SPEECH TECHNOLOGY & APPLIED RESEARCH CORP.
4 Militia Drive Lexington, MA 02421 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 863-0310
Dr. Joel MacAuslan AF 02-083 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fatigue Assessment through Voice Analysis |
| Abstract: | This project will produce a speech-based fatigue assessment system. Speech-based systems can have very limited intrusivity, making them useful for a wide variety of military, commercial, and even private-vehicle applications. Indeed, some systems can be fully passive, permitting fatigue assessment in the course of other communications, even in opponents. This project will select certain reliably automated, acoustic measures of vocal control, laryngeal dynamics, and speech articulation to produce an estimator that correlates highly with fatigue measures. The emphasis will be on measures that have high potential for rapid and robust assessment, with minimal human judgments except for high-level control of the system. Phase I will focus on feasibility, establishing a set of measures that, for a modest collection of native English speakers, demonstrate the required correlation with fatigue. The system architecture will also be a deliverable for Phase I. Phase II will produce an operational prototype. It will additionally address other, potentially confounding influences, such as hypoxia and antihistamine use, to differentiate these from fatigue. Phase II will also investigate the importance of task variety and native languages other than English. Many activities in both civilian and military operations can benefit from a fatigue-assessment product that is passive or minimally invasive. Such assessments based on speech can provide critical information about alertness and task performance for both friendly and hostile forces. These assessments are also valuable to government agencies responsible for human safety or other high potential-loss activities, such as the FAA, local fire departments, and FEMA. Likewise, many commercial entities with similar concerns can benefit: trucking and shipping companies, nuclear-power operators, emergency medical services, and airlines. |
| APTIMA, INC.
12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 842-1548
Dr. Jared Freeman AF 02-085 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Adaptive Training for Real-Time Intelligence Monitoring & Evaluation |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop an Intelligent Tutoring System for AF intelligence analysts (ITS4Intel) that helps student analysts to refine and apply the two cognitive skills that are fundamental to their work: categorization and inference. It will use scenario-based training to team them to assess the quality of intel products (e.g., messages); assess their relevance to current information requirements; make assessments of intent, predictions, and other inferences from the data; and select the best sources from which to elicit additional information. The system will employ three technologies: an extension of Latent Semantic Analysis for modeling human categorization abilities, an IBIS architecture for representing relations between elements of knowledge and emulating expert inference over it, and an instructional system shell that integrates these modeling engines and adaptively presents explicit instruction, practice scenarios, and feedback. A significant innovation is the explicit representation of mental models that elicits observable and measurable indicators of cognitive state and process. By working with the explicit models, students will learn how to structure and use a large, complex body of intelligence material. A key efficiency of this effort is that it will leverage knowledge acquisition research underway in an existing AFRL SBIR concerning AF intelligence analysis. When completed, the Phase I work will produce as catalog of mental models and quality assessment heuristics used by expert intelligence analysts in a specific domain, training objectives for intel analysts, measures of student performance, a prototype training system, and an evaluation of the prototype by operational personnel. The Phase II work will produce a robust system for training AF intelligence analysts, deep and formally represented knowledge of the mental models employed by analysts, and validated measures of cognitive state and cognitive processes pertaining to intel analysis. In Phase III, we will transition the system to other markets that value training in qualitative analysis skills, and address opportunities to transform the training system into a job aid for AF intel analysts. |
| STOTTLER HENKE ASSOCIATES, INC.
1660 So. Amphlett Blvd., Suite 350 San Mateo, CA 94402 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(206) 545-1478
Mr. Terrance Goan AF 02-085 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Exploiting Latent Semantics for Embedded Intelligence Monitoring and Trainer Development. |
| Abstract: | We propose an innovative approach to achieving Cognitive Readiness with respect to Information Warfare through a combination of automated monitoring, adaptive information display, real-time coaching, and the capture of scenarios suitable for training and rehearsal. In particular we will investigate the exploitation of Latent Semantic Analysis, which is a means for making accurate comparisons of the semantic similarity between pieces of textual information, and has been applied with success to a number of problems closely related to the task at hand. But real-time monitoring of intelligence information poses some unique challenges including the need to maintain the currency of LSA's matrices, and feeding its voracious appetite for training data. To overcome these obstacles we propose a unique combination of new and proven techniques. Our approach will exploit our recent advances in fully automated search to capture the required training data, as well as recent techniques for detecting content drift so as to minimize the update requirements of the LSA matrices. Our Phase I work-centered research and design, and the development and operational testing of a limited prototype, will lay the groundwork for the Phase II complete implementation and validation of our technology, called Aware. The technology proposed herein offers the potential to fulfill the market demand for tools to increase productivity in the processing of electronic documents, and tools that can support "situational visibility" and competitive intelligence. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Steve Zabele AF 02-089 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Enhanced Interoperability Through Common Translation Architecture |
| Abstract: | The primary goal of this SBIR is to develop a layered architectural approach for future inter-exchange gateways that enables data translation from one medium to another and/or among several mediums. For example, with the mandated proliferation of Link-16 over the next 5 years, every SPO must work together to ensure overall interoperability, not only among Link-16 participants but also among numerous other diverse systems and datalinks which are not Link-16 compatible. This non-interoperability between diverse systems may be resolved by implementation of data forwarding rules, translation architecture(s), or other unique translation applications that act as a "gateway" between otherwise non-communicative datalinks. These gateways will provide communications connectivity for legacy and other disparate communications systems. Our approach seeks to leverage established or developmental initiatives in DoD and commercial practices that deal with the translation of data from one medium to another. As this SBIR progresses through its phases, the end objective is to minimize the duplication of effort at various AF agencies, establish a centralized translation protocol and provide a body of reusable tools that any future gateway might use. The benefits of an interoperability gateway based on a common, neutral data format is best evidenced by the considerably increased number of users of disparate systems that will be able to contribute to and acquire a more complete, common operational picture. The modeling, simulation, and training communities will also be able to use this gateway as a direct conduit to the real Command, Control, Communications, Computers & Intelligence (C4I) systems. Research in the commercial sector has uncovered similar data translation issues. For example, the Open Applications Group (OAG), a commercial organization, is tackling very similar translation and forwarding issues from the electronic commerce and business interoperability perspective, and is building a consensus-based interoperability framework using Object Oriented Design and metadata concepts. We believe this core approach, with key performance-related enhancements, offers a promising solution to current and future communications interoperability problems. |
| TACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, LLC
900 Technology Park Drive Billerica, MA 01821 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 932-0120
Mr. William Brock AF 02-090 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Data Link Common Software for Multiple Link-16 Applications |
| Abstract: | The SBIR AF02-090 project for "Data Link Common Software for Multiple Link 16 Applications" addresses the need do reduce the cost of data link development and maintenance. The Air Force has funded a common Low-Cost Integration software solution to satisfy this need for Link 16 software being integrated on C2ISR, fighter, and bomber platforms. This SBIR Phase I project will perform the analysis and design of tools to extend the functionality of the existing Data Link Integration (DLI) product. It will produce the plans, analyses, and prototype tools required to follow on with a Phase II implementation of a fully functional simulation and test facility. The simulation and test facility will be used to assist with the performance evaluation and integration of other Air Force platforms with DLI. This extended LCI solution using DLI has direct application to the DoD market where multiple data links and platforms with multiple implementations of the same data link will co-exist for the foreseeable future. Provide a common performance evaluation testbed that will reduce integration time and cost. |
| MODASCO, INC.
4303 Vineland Road,, Suite F-7 Orlando, FL 32811 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(904) 276-8296
Dr. John Woodring AF 02-091 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Evaluation of C2 Model Architectures Designed Using Colored Petri Nets |
| Abstract: | Modasco proposes to extend the capability of Colored Petri Net design and architecture specification tools to include model performance measurement and evaluation. The methodology is based upon an automated simulation of the system executed within a controllable run-time interface. A graphical language is proposed for describing the complex logic and mathematical relationships of transitions between system states. Integrating graphical design, model architecture specification and simulation capabilities into one tool provides a highly-efficient way of performing end-to-end virtual prototyping of a proposed system architecture that avoids the need to create artificial interfaces among several specialized tools. The system designer can also define performance metrics with the rule-based design interface, store them for future application and assign them to model architectures. During the execution of a model's simulation, the values of assigned metrics are updated and displayed to the analyst. This tool will significantly reduce the time and cost currently required to create and update model simulations and thus will produce system designs that are more robust and whose properties are better understood. The proposed system is directly applicable to the collaborative development of large scale systems by remote teams of specialists whose designs can be integrated and evaluated in operational conditions. Decrease the development time and cost for prototyping new systems. The proposed software tools are directly applicable to the design and analysis of commercial and military processes including information systems, health care, economic forecasting, software and hardware. |
| RT LOGIC!
1042 Elkton Dr. Colorado Springs, CO 80907 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 703-3834
Mr. Thad Genrich AF 02-092 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Portable Universal Ground Processing Unit |
| Abstract: | Technologies for radio frequncy (RF, intermediate frequency (IF) and baseband signal processing and methods for data distribution have rapidly advanced over the past few years. These technologies have advanced to the point where significant reductions in size, weight and power can be realized over traditional satellite ground station implementations. A portable, universal ground processing unit (PUGPU) for satellite command and control remote terminals is within the realm of today's technology and could easily be made available to the many users and designers of satellite command and control remote terminal ground stations. With advances in digital signal processing techniques, a single core set of hardware & software should be able to support multiple types of satellite missions without affecting the basic hardware. This SBIR should show that ground support missions for Military, Civil and Commercial satellites could be supported by a small footprint, common IF, Baseband and networking element. For Phase I of the research, RT Logic will establish a baseline of RF, IF, baseband and networking requirements derived from USAF, NASA, NOAA and Commercial remote terminal specifications. RT Logic will go on to investigate, survey, evaluate, analyze and compare available COTS products, technologies and common intermediate frequencies to determine an optimum approach and cost for implementing a PUGPU capable of handling the preponderance of those identified mission requirements. Cost estimates for a prototype PUGPU, an operational demonstration unit and production units will be made. At the end of the three phases of research and development for a PUGPU, RT Logic will be ready to support the various U.S. Government and commercial satellite ground stations with a commercially available, low cost, small profile, highly flexible and powerful IF and Baseband Unit. These agencies will also have access to RT Logic's technical expertise, experience and related products. Combining the PUGPU and RT Logic's capabilities will insure the successful integration of the PUGPU into any ground station's RF subsystem and Telemetry, Tacking and Commanding (TT&C) infrastructure |
| ETHERWARE, LLC
305 Briton Park Court Duluth, GA 30097 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(775) 833-0587
Mr. Joseph J. Tavormina AF 02-093 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Leveraging Enabling, Commercial Technologies into Tactical SATCOM |
| Abstract: | The powerful technologies of today and tomorrow emerge from the digital revolution - namely, computing ("DSP") and storage. Cell phones, satellite TV, and indoor wireless networking - are beneficiaries, and represent large commercial markets. A challenge remains, however, in sending high data rate signals to mobile, vehicular users with small antennas. This next generation "On-Star" system, combining in-car entertainment and "telematics", is set to take center stage in the automobile market. In the tactical mobile world, wide area terrestrial communication is usually not an option. Applying these same technologies in the SATCOM world, however, may have a significant impact in: (1) reducing the cost of the mobile terminal (2) providing improved immunity to detection, and (3) providing improved high data rates, especially on the downlink. Cost reduction, lower power transmitters, and lower profile "tracking" antennas may benefit from this transfer. This effort will explore the use of commercial "spread spectrum" technology (especially modems) to achieve these objectives for both existing satellite platforms and new systems. The effects on other elements of the system (satellite, tracking antenna.) will also be evaluated. Based on the study results, the commercialization plan will be refined and a second implementation phase proposed. The potential benefits of a successful application of high volume, advanced commercial spread spectrum technology to satellite communications include the following: (1) The terminal's rf power can be distributed over a wider bandwidth, reducing the probability of detection ("LPI") (2) The terminal antenna size can be reduced, since typically adjacent satellite interference governs the minimum antenna size, making mobile platforms more attractive ("low profile") (3) If spread spectrum can be successfully implemented on the downlink (or "forward channel" in terrestrial terms), then the size of the receiving antenna can be dramatically reduced, especially in high data rate situations. (4) If operation at high efficiency in the satellite amplifiers can be combined with spot beam technology, then higher frequency operation with greatly improved performance can be achieved, especially in a jamming environment ("AJ"). The translation of these technologies into the commercial world will allow communication of video entertainment and high speed Internet to the family car with an antenna no bigger than a sun-roof. Satellite broadcast remains the only viable means of providing a multi-channel video package to the car, combined with delivery of games, popular web sites, local news, weather and sports. There are 140 million vehicles on the road just in the US, with over 25M "family" vehicles (SUV's and mini-vans). This segment of the auto market represents the fastest growing one, with buyers in the high end of the disposable income range, typically eager to install entertainment, safety, and information technology in the car. Currently over half of the new car buyers surveyed say they intend to buy a new video system with their next car purchase - the size of the antenna representing the greatest technical challenge to meeting this demand from the market place. The market for these systems in the automobile could be much larger than satellite TV in terms of number of subscribers (service revenue) and revenue from equipment sales (hardware). |
| PSEUDONOISE COMMUNICATIONS
1021 Harlan Dr San Jose, CA 95129 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 255-4529
Dr. Vijaya Gallagher AF 02-093 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightweight, Highly Deployable, Jam-resistant Satellite Communications Modem |
| Abstract: | Pseudonoise Communications proposes to develop a low cost ground terminal modem for MILSATCOM, using direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)techniques. Cost reduction in satcom terminal devlopment will be explored by reusing emerging commercial technology for wireless data transmission based on DSSS techniques. During Phase I, analysis and simulations will be used to define parameter specifications for the physical and medium access control (MAC) layer for the air interface to be used for communication between the ground terminal and a network control center via a bent pipe satellite. It is expected that some of the same techniques that are developed here will be applicable for high rate data communications via commercial satellite systems, both current generation ones like Globalstar, and follow-on systems using geostationary satellites. It is very important that existing satellite systems' capacity be used in different ways than just to provide only voice services, in order to maximize revenues for the operators, or else follow-on systems will not be built for a long time. |
| MOBILE SATELLITE SERVICES CORPORATION
18221 Flower Hill Way #A Gaithersburg, MD 20879 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(240) 631-1111
Mr. Alain Zarembowitch AF 02-094 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Signal Diversity Combining for Improved Satellite Communications |
| Abstract: | Signal diversity combining is a method whereby a signal is transmitted over multiple satellites to increase the transmitted power. At the receiver, the signals are combined coherently to improve signal to noise ratio. MSS is proposing to apply a novel concept of rapid prototyping to simulate various spatial signal diversity combining algorithms in real-time. This approach will yield a much higher level of accuracy than computer-based simulations, due to the shear number of samples processed. The simulation model representativity will also be increased by the use of real modulators and demodulators, instead of often over-simplified mathematical models. Unlike maximal ratio combiners which rely almost exclusively on signal-to-noise ratios to compute the combiner weights, MSS is proposing to use additional signal quality sensors, such as unique word lock status, bit error rate, interference detection and receiver lock status. The expected product of this Phase I activity is a combiner hardware module which can be commercialized through MSS's comblock family of rapid prototyping modules. |
| SOLIPSYS CORPORATION
6100 Chevy Chase Drive Laurel, MD 20707 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 483-8900
Mr. Eric Conn AF 02-096 Selected for Award |
| Title: | JAVA-Based, Performance Oriented Visualization System |
| Abstract: | Solipsys has developed a modular, standards-based, open-architecture visualization product called the Tactical Display Framework (TDF) that has been certified by Sun Microsystems as "100% Pure Java" and meets or exceeds the performance and loading characteristics required for the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS). TDF poses little technical risk, as it is currently being employed as the core graphics system for an AWACS 40/45 risk reduction effort known as the Prototype AWACS Display (PAD). The PAD is being jointly developed by the USAF, the Boeing Company, and Solipsys and has been demonstrated to operators and warfighters through complex simulation and operator-in-the-loop exercises at various locations. Under development for over a year, the PAD has leveraged the sophisticated and mature Application Programming Interface (API) exposed within TDF to rapidly develop, test, and deliver new features. The kernel capabilities of the TDF API have also proven to be a flexible and modifiable platform upon which to explore and spiral advanced GUI concepts specific to the AWACS 40/45 program. The availability of the PAD during Phase I of this SBIR provides an excellent opportunity for significant progress toward a robust implementation of AWACS functionality and a smooth transition to Phase II and beyond. The proposed approach will prove the efficacy of TDF to develop significant visualization improvements for AWACS using the modern Java-based object development paradigm. A significant AWACS test case will measure how efficient the development process can be using the TDF infrastructure and coupling users into the process will validate the build and test approach of the USAF spiral process. The USAF will be able to understand the process from within, by being a significant part of the development effort, and will be able to extrapolate this experience into other on-going AWACS visualization and research and development efforts. Most importantly, the USAF will be able to validate the performance and usability of the new features in operationally based scenarios. The product will be validated through actual experimentation prior to going into Phase II. The success of TDF in the marketplace has shown that others can adapt the Java-based plug-in technology to a variety of applications. This SBIR effort will expand on this technology by packaging the development tools in a more customer-friendly form and establish a more commercial look and feel to a web-based resource for plug-in development and training. This will allow Solipsys to more efficiently disseminate documentation and product updates and permit existing customers to stay abreast of product improvements in near-real-time. A state-of-the-art, web-based development environment will also provide a means for remote software configuration management and seamless integration support. Our target markets for the future include: ú Domestic and foreign sales to all military services ú Homeland protection sales ú Federal Aviation Agency ú Disaster and Crisis Management for Local Governments and Emergency Services |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORPORATION
11400 West Olympic Blvd., Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 268-1249
Mr. Steven Jaroszewski AF 02-099 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Data Mining of GMTI Databases |
| Abstract: | GMTI radars including Joint STARS, U-2S and Global Hawk provide abundant data on ground vehicles that can be exploited for military traffic analysis. AFRL/Rome has developed the web-based MTI exploitation (MTIX) system to catalog GMTI data, kinematic tracks, SAR imagery and provide broad functionality that includes target displays, user-specified sentinel alerts and mission planning tools. MTIX can be further improved through data mining. TSC is teamed with traffic engineers from the Washington Transportation Center to apply the innovative methods and automated analysis tools that they have developed for civilian applications to such GMTI database mining. In Phase 1, our team will review current MTIX capabilities and recommend additional data collection, analysis and display functionality that can benefit military users. TSC will develop enhancements to improve military target tracking in dense vehicle and urban environments and to support intelligent preparation of the battlefield in such areas. To commercialize the enhanced MTIX product in Phase 2, new functionality can be developed including passenger car versus truck discrimination, extraction of traffic statistics to support FHWA reporting requirements and road corridor analyses performed by DOT agencies. Our team will expand the data mining capabilities and implement them in MTIX client software for use in Air Force/Army radar ground stations. Applying civilian traffic analysis approaches to GMTI database mining can benefit military tracking applications, especially in dense vehicle and urban traffic environments. Enhancing the MTIX software tool to provide traffic statistics and displays of use to DOT agencies will provide a commercial product that can directly meet the needs of federal, state and local governments. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 284-8411
Dr. Andrew J. Newman AF 02-100 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Coordinated Multi-Asset Replanning: Decision Support Tool Enabling High Accuracy Time Critical Targeting |
| Abstract: | It is widely recognized that improved real-time dynamic replanning of airborne Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance (ISR) assets is needed to enable rapid information gathering in support of tactical battlefield operations. Moreover, the problem of real-time ISR resource management is magnified in the context of attaining high targeting accuracy on high priority time critical targets (TCTs), where coordination of multiple assets is crucial to enable fusion processes for timely, geo-registered information from a variety of sources. In this effort, ALPHATECH will develop an automated decision support tool that will enable high accuracy time critical targeting through agile, coordinated, operator-supervised replanning control of multiple ISR assets. This tool will rapidly generate, evaluate, and assist operator down-selection of replanning alternatives in response to new information regarding the presence of high priority TCTs. Performance prediction models will be developed to evaluate the impact of integrated cross-INT / synchronized multi-sensor collection plans on targeting accuracy and timelines. Core contributions in optimization-based algorithms for resource allocation and sensor collection scheduling will be extended to anticipate and generate replan contingencies against expected cross-cueing and information requests typical of tactical ISR battlefield operations. Proof-of-concept will be demonstrated against low-complexity scenarios. ALPHATECH recognizes the high commercial value of coordinating collection of imagery by commercial aircraft and satellites, and of co-registering commercial EO imagery with existing precision map databases, for site surveys and other related applications. ALPHATECH is developing operations planning and management tools for surveillance systems that enable new capabilities in response to increasingly demanding requirements for military ISR operations, border, perimeter and site surveillance and security systems. These products complement ALPHATECH's expanding line of sensor exploitation products for surveillance systems by enabling active surveillance operations that can be readily adapted to evolving customer requirements. The commercial market for site surveillance and monitoring is increasingly demanding improved efficiency and effectiveness in monitoring and identification of vehicles, persons, and activities. The proposed effort will build upon our commercial successes in this market by providing cost effective surveillance system components that utilize low cost PC-based implementations. |
| MRLETS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
616 Brookmeade Ct. Beavercreek, OH 45434 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 902-1434
Dr. Lang Hong AF 02-101 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Robust Feature-Aided Tracking and Identification by Exploiting Joint Target Kinematics and Identification Information |
| Abstract: | MRLets Technologies, Inc. proposes an innovative approach for robust feature-aided tracking (FAT) and identification by effectively exploiting joint target kinematics and identification (ID) information. It has been proposed and proven by the PI that {\it moving target} ID information which is reflected in ``features" is tightly coupled with target kinematics information. To design an effective and robust feature-aided tracker, one should jointly explore both target kinematics and ID information spaces. This proposal aims at: (1) effective information exploitation of target kinematics and ID spaces at a level that has never been explored before; (2) novel feature extraction based on local motion; and (3) design of a robust feature-aided tracker -- joint multiple hypothesis tracking and identification (JMHTI). The proposed research embarks upon the first research of this kind in discovering the information coupling mechanism between target kinematics and ID spaces, and the key is the introduction of global motion and local motion. Local motion carries certain kinematics information and rich ID information and therefore, naturally serves as an information coupling mechanism. One of the challenges is the separation of local motion from composite motion information delivered by GMTI, HRR and range/Doppler sensors. We proposed to use a wavelets domain statistic processing technique based on the hidden Markov trees (HMT) and structure invariants approaches for local motion information decomposition. A new and powerful feature-aided tracking algorithm -- joint multiple hypothesis tracking and identification (JMHTI) -- is proposed as a main processing engine. The JMHTI algorithm produces not only robust tracks but also target IDs as a side product, which is very desirable in many applications. One of the main advantages of JMHTI is the multiscan information accrual in both kinematics and ID spaces which effectively alleviates the impact of noisy aspect angles. This proposal is packed with several innovations. If fully developed, the proposed research could totally change the way that target tracking and identification is performed. The proposed robust feature-aided tracking and identification system will primarily benefit military and aerospace applications, including surveillance/reconnaissance systems for battlefield command and control. It also has great potential in commercial applications, such as highway traffic control and safety systems. |
| THE ATHENA GROUP, INC.
3424 N.W. 31 Street Gainesville, FL 32605 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(352) 371-2567
Dr. Jonathan Mellott AF 02-102 Selected for Award |
| Title: | ADEPT: Athena Digital Excision Processor Technology |
| Abstract: | The Athena Group, Inc. will develop an innovative, low-power, fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse FFT (IFFT) processor for use in mitigating both intentional and unintentional narrowband jamming and interference in handheld global positioning system (GPS) receivers. Athena's advanced digital signal processing (DSP) technology is capable of performance levels well beyond those of conventional DSP processing technologies. Athena will analyze the processing requirements for the GPS receiver application, select an FFT/IFFT processor configuration along with supervisory processing elements, and analyze the resulting design for speed, power, and hardware requirements. The proposer will optimize a solution that will lead to a commercial system-on-chip (SoC) anti-jam GPS application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementation. The commercial value of the developed technology is substantial since it will significantly improve the reliability and quality of GPS service. GPS applications are proliferating, especially in the land-based market segment. Numerous other mass-market FFT ASIC applications, such as asymmetric digital subscriber loop (ADSL) modems, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless communications, and co-channel interference (CCI) rejection for wireless communications also indicate a high commercial potential for the proposed technology. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Daniel B. Hunter AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Machine Reasoning for Effects-Based Operations: A Generic Architecture for Multi-Domain Workarounds Reasoning |
| Abstract: | Effects-based operations must determine how the enemy might respond to air strikes. Current approaches to predicting enemy response to target damage suffer from serious limitations: they typically do not consider how the enemy might repair or modify the structure of a target system, they typically reason only about a single type of target system, they cannot adequately represent delayed effects, concurrent actions, and uncertainty, and their models are difficult for analysts to construct and maintain. To address these deficiencies, we propose to develop innovative machine reasoning technology to predict enemy workarounds in target systems that are well modeled as networks. We exploit emerging knowledge acquisition technology to enable analysts to readily build and maintain models of target systems and associated workarounds procedures. We also develop technology to automatically compile these models into a form amenable to efficient reasoning. Finally, we develop efficient algorithms to compute workaround options and to predict enemy allocation of workaround resources. Phase I develops a suitable machine reasoning architecture and algorithms, and implements a prototype to validate the approach. Phase II scales this prototype to more target systems, demonstrates the benefits of analyzing multiple target systems simultaneously, and extends the approach to accommodate uncertainty. The technology developed under this program will be of immediate use in target systems analysis for air campaign planning, and will provide important functionality for AFRL's EBO program. US TRANSCOM could also use this technology to help develop options for reconstituting damaged adversary infrastructure in support of entry operations. Government agencies or NGOs could also use the technology in crisis response, to help allocate repair resources to mitigate the effects of natural disasters or terrorist attacks. |
| BORRIES DESIGN & CONSULTING
4007 Elfin Ave Louisville, KY 40207 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(502) 896-0136
Mr. Vance von Borries AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Information Technologies |
| Abstract: | The USAF has long needed a tool that facilitates training of strategic/tactical and logistical decision-making for the synchronization of large-scale air missions by coalition forces. To accomplish this, we propose a simulation that models an air commander's ability to view, understand, and analyze information available and then to rapidly exploit knowledge of the battle space. The simulation will employ many considerations for all members of a coalition air force including (but not limited to) command, control, communications, and intelligence. The proposed topic for the simulation is the Tunisian campaign of WW II from shortly after the historical Allied army landings of 8 November 1942 to the final total surrender of Axis forces in Tunisia on 13 May 1943. This Phase I simulation can be played as one player against one other player or as one team against another team. Each player (or team) would sit generally in the position of supreme commander (or staff) for the campaign. The simulation design will allow for the input of Air Force personnel for the final Phase I and subsequent Phase II designs. The types and number of stations that would best fit the instruction goals will be determined during this process. There are three anticipated results from this project. First, the Air Force will receive at the end of Phase I paper simulation of the above-cited training tool. Second, movement to Phase II will result in the conversion of the paper version to a more robust and dynamic computerized version. The third is the commercialization of the Phase I and Phase II products. The Phase I product market is not a large market, but is large enough to pursue its commercialization. The simulation provided with Phase I of the project will be consistent with products currently found and available commercially to the general public. The initial Phase II product commercialization will target the computer war game and loyal strategy and history enthusiasts market. Military bookstores in the Army Air Force Exchange Stores (AAFES), Navy Exchange, and private military equipment chains will also be targeted as market for military personnel of all branches interested in air warfare. Distribution of the product can be conducted through conventional box-software channels or through the Internet via on-line gaming. Additional features for later versions include network able versions that would allow Internet one-on-one play and increased scenarios. |
| CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORPORATION
727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-2567
Dr. Charles J. Cohen AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Design of a Graphical Interface for Managing Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes the design of an interface for controlling multiple UAVs in a real-time situation. Named the Uninhabited Air Vehicle Management Interface (UAVMI), it is centered on a 3-dimensional graphical representation of the operational geographic area. The operator is able to move a 3D cursor around within this geographic volume, selecting groups, paths, and targets in 3D space. Cybernet System's extensive experience in force-feedback input devices allows us to easily incorporate this aspect into the UAVMI system. Coupled with an off-the-shelf 3D Stereoscopic glasses or a Head-Mounted Display (HMD), the interface will allow the user to essentially reach into the virtual battlefield/airspace to control swarms of UAV entities while "feeling" aspects of the virtual representation. As a testbed for the UAVMI, we will use the OpenSkies simulation software developed by Cybernet Systems. The OpenSkies system is a state-of-the-art PC-Based simulation software package designed from the ground up as a general-purpose simulation tool kit. The UAVMI enhancement to OpenSkies will be used to evolve OpenSkies into a real-time 3D combat strategy game (As of this writing we are aware of no such game that allows the user to direct combat strategy missions in 3 dimensions in real-time). Other potential application areas include air traffic control, both military and commercial, control of uninhabited vehicles in other domains (e.g. underwater, space). |
| CYMFONY, INC.
600 Essjay Road Buffalo, NY 14221 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 565-9114
Dr. Rohini K. Srihari AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An Automated Domain Porting Toolkit for Information Extraction |
| Abstract: | Information extraction (IE) systems assist analysts to assimilate information from electronic documents. This task will develop an automated, domain porting toolkit for customizing a generic IE system for a specific domain. Customization is required at various levels: (i) lexicon, (ii) glossaries of names of people, organizations, locations, (iii) relationships between key entities, e.g. an organization's headquarters, and (iv) significant events, e.g. transportation of chemicals. Due to performance gained through customization, many have developed handcrafted IE systems applicable to a single domain, e.g. insurance and medical. The approach proposed builds on a robust, domain-independent IE engine that can continue to be enhanced. Using this as a core, we propose to develop a platform for automated domain or corpus customization. This approach facilitates rapid domain porting and cost savings since linguists are not required. The domain porting toolkit requires research in unsupervised machine learning. Structure-based training leverages output from the core IE engine. A bootstrap approach using seeds is proposed. Lexicons and templates are learned to customize all levels of IE. Deliverables include: (i) algorithms for structure-based bootstrap learning, (ii) prototype for domain porting of lexicons and rule templates for the intelligence domain, and (iii) an automated domain porting toolkit, including graphical interfaces. This work could impact facilitating information discovery in new domains with applications such as business intelligence and decision support tools. For military/intelligence applications, this effort supports the global awareness requirement. In order to assess situations, identify current and potential threats, it is necessary to perform IE and consolidate the available content. Changing circumstances and new threats require rapid adaptation to new corpora and domains. Automating the process of rapid domain porting is especially useful when data is classified, and hence requires porting to be performed by groups other than the developers of the original IE system. |
| CYMFONY, INC.
600 Essjay Road Buffalo, NY 14221 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 565-9114
Dr. Rohini K. Srihari AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fusion of Information from Diverse, Textual Media: A Case Restoration Approach |
| Abstract: | Fusing information in diverse text media containing case-sensitive information is explored. It is based on a core Information Extraction (IE) system capable of processing case-sensitive text. The core engine is adapted to handle diverse, case-insensitive information e.g. e-mail, chat, newsgroups, broadcast transcripts, HUMINT intelligence documents. The fusion system assimilates information extracted from text with that in structured knowledge bases. Traditional IE for case-insensitive text is limited to the named entity (NE) stage, e.g. retraining an NE tagger on case insensitive text. We explore case restoration, whereby statistical models and rules are used to recover case-sensitive form. Thus, the core IE system is not modified. IE systems are fully exploited if their output is consolidated with knowledge in relational databases. This calls for natural language processing and reasoning, including entity co-reference and event co-reference. Consolidation permits database change detection and alerts. Feedback to the core IE system exploits information in knowledge bases thereby fusing information. Final deliverables include: (i) a prototype system for case restoration for broadcast transcripts, (ii) benchmarks for NE tagging on case-restored text, and (iii) a blueprint for an information fusion system, including criteria for merging extracted information with knowledge in databases. Information analysts and decision makers will benefit since it extends the utility of IE. A commercially viable solution has many applications. Business intelligence systems use large knowledge-bases on companies, products, people and projects. Updating these knowledge-bases from chat, newsgroups and multimedia broadcast transcripts would be valuable. One commercial application focused on brand perception and monitoring will benefit. Knowledge management systems would benefit from the ability to assimilate information in web documents and newsgroups with structured information. Military applications stem from the fact that analysts need to consolidate an abundance of information. |
| DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOCIATES, INCORPORATED
40 Lloyd Avenue, Suite 200 Malvern, PA 19355 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 727-7700
Dr. W. Reynolds Monach AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ground Attack Data Fusion and Optimization System (GADFOS) |
| Abstract: | Daniel H. Wagner Associates, Inc. will develop a prototype Ground Attack Data Fusion and Optimization System (GADFOS) that will accurately fuse all of the information available from large numbers of sensors using non-Gaussian and multiple hypothesis techniques along with computer resource optimization algorithms and high-performance, inexpensive hardware to allow this computationally intensive data fusion process to take place in near-real-time. GADFOS will utilize the non-Gaussian tracking information when determining the likelihood that a contact is associated with a particular target, will produce target tracks that are as high quality as possible given the available data, and will also optimize the placement and operation of surveillance sensors. We will quantitatively analyze the performance of GADFOS in our Decision Support System Testbed (DSST), using hundreds of simulated targets and hundreds of simulated sensors. This analysis will measure the distance between the GADFOS Situation Awareness (SA) picture and ground truth using operationally oriented and honesty inducing metrics. It will also quantify the performance difference between GADFOS generated surveillance plans and a surveillance plans generated using current operating procedures. The prototype GADFOS will allow us to demonstrate how advanced data fusion and optimization techniques can significantly improve the ability of United States forces to conduct search and surveillance and targeting against ground targets. Improved correlation and tracking technologies such as these are particularly necessary at a time when the United States is facing sophisticated ground threats such as terrorists in a difficult environment with reduced resources. |
| GLOLINUEAR COMPUTER SYSTEMS INC.
123 Central Avenue Albuquerque, NM 87102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 247-1238
Mr. Greg Frost AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | NEW CONCEPT IN C4I OPERATIONS CENTER SYSTEMS |
| Abstract: | This SBIR project will develop DMIMS, an innovative concept for C4I operations centers featuring our innovative technology for information capture, presentation and instant replay in real-time, near-real-time or from archives. It answers the need for a versatile high performance information processing capability in response to the ever-increasing supply of C4I information that must be processed. Phase I will prove the value to the Air Force and feasibility of our concept. We will extend our patented Digital Surveillance Network System to mixed image/video/text data-handling for C4I operations. The system features COTS components and will support legacy C4I software. First, we establish needs and requirements based on realistic data mixes and volumes. Then, via a proven design process and accompanying trade studies, we will produce the architecture and design, including software design, for DMIMS as the central element of a C4I Operations Center. And by analysis we validate the design not only meets the stated requirements but also fully supports the Air Force C4I missions. We offer the expertise in both C4I, computer and data handling system development to assure that the system meets Air Force needs. DMIMS promises a major step toward Air Force' global awareness. This innovation will greatly improve the ability of C4I operations centers to handle very large volumes of mixed media information (recon video, gun cameras, maps, satellite images, data bases, etc.) in support of the mission. It will allow operators to have real time observation and near-real-time replay without disrupting other functions. DMIMS will enable C4I operations to assimilate and manage image/video/text into more usable, accurate and verifiable form to process and handle large amounts of multi-media information. Its modularity will allow custom versions tailored to the type of operations. Our concept allows the Air Force to reuse existing look and feel of the applications software or to enhance it to take advantage of features like the multi-window capability of DMIMS. |
| GRAMMATECH, INC
317 N. Aurora Street Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 273-7340
Dr. Paul Anderson AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Source-Code Vulnerability Detection |
| Abstract: | The problem of information security has become critical because of the growing dependence of the economy and the armed forces on complex networked information systems. Of particular concern are security vulnerabilities that are caused by programming errors. We plan to study the feasibility and plan the development of a security vulnerability detection toolkit based on advanced static analyses. Our plan is targeted at semi-automatic detection of security vulnerabilities in C and C++ source code. This work will build on our own dependence-graph based COTS product for program understanding named CodeSurfer. We will focus our efforts on addressing technologies to detect vulnerabilities caused by buffer overflows, race conditions, and memory access errors. We will investigate the application of constraint analysis, dependence analysis, constant propagation, array subscript analysis, and other static analyses to the problem of vulnerability detection. We will develop a plan to integrate these analyses with CodeSurfer, in order to produce a commercial vulnerability detection toolkit. The proposed system will help eliminate vulnerabilities in open- and closed-source software systems. In doing so it will meet an emerging market need for security code-audit tools. |
| INTEGRATED WAVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
4042 Clipper Court Fremont, CA 94538 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 490-9160
Mr. John H. Hall AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Precision Remote Speech Input |
| Abstract: | This system will provide a speech-commanded, highly effective, eyes-free, hands-free command/control/data input means for forward observers, target designators working behind enemy lines, UAV operators and others. Compared with other attempts to develop this capability, this device will have superior background noise rejection, higher accuracy, smaller size, lower power consumption and greater ruggedness. This capability is based on Integrated Wave Technology, Inc.'s unique robust, miniaturized, language-independent speech recognition that allows for near-100 percent accurate command/control/information input in noise environments ranging from 0 to 100dB. IWT designs and produces integrated hardware/software modules that filter and process sound energy, match samples with stored templates using a 17-band analysis, and direct actions based upon accurate recognitions. The one-ounce integrated hardware/software modules remove large amounts of in-band and out-of-band background noise. The modules are also have ultra-low internal noise, allowing them to recognize sound more effectively than other systems. The effectiveness has been demonstrated in a series of US Government-sponsored tests. The device will be highly rugged, capable of surviving and performing in duty with combat forces and recognizing speech made under duress. IWT has developed both speaker dependent and speaker independent systems and will build representative articles of each technology for this effort. This system will enhance significantly the performance of C4I systems and subsystems by enabling real-time, eyes-free, hands-free data input and command/control from observers/designators in any selected language. This will provide a more effective interface between a forward observer and communications/data input devices. Further, by enabling forward observers or other personnel to maintain their visual surveillance, this system will provide several benefits. First, the observer will be able to input information much more quickly than by using other interfaces. Second, the observer/designator will be able to maintain eye contact with surveillance subjects and targets, reducing the chance that contact will be lost. Third, the observer/designator will be able to see threats to himself more easily and increase his survivability because he is not breaking eye contact. In the case of a UAV operator, this system will allow the user to control simultaneously core aircraft operations using traditional hand controls while operating surveillance, weapons and other systems using highly precise and reliable voice control. IWT's unique, proven capability to achieve high noise immunity, near-100 percent accuracy, very low power consumption and miniaturization form the basis for this new capability. |
| LSA
1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1300 Arlington, VA 22202 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(610) 363-5808
Mr. Dale R. Tyczka AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Information Technologies - Theater-Deployable Self-Healing Free-Space Optical Networks for Mobile Security and Command and Control Operatio |
| Abstract: | Free-space optical communication's inherently low probability of intercept, resistance to jamming, lack of licensing requirements, ease of use, high-speed capability, and compact size make it an ideal addition to the array of equipment that can be used to form a battlefield network backbone. We propose to develop a field-transportable, mobile free-space-optical auto-reconfiguring self-healing tactical communication (FASTCOM) network to meet the needs of robust, theater-deployable communications. We will accomplish this by integrating sophisticated optical tracking techniques, GPS equipment, and COTS switches and routers with our considerable equipment experience and proven expertise in free-space optical communication systems. The system will operate in a mobile-mesh topology and will consist of multiple communication nodes, each containing several individual eye-safe and covert optical transceiver subsystems. The communication nodes will be low-profile units that take advantage of GPS data to determine and relay their own positions to the rest of the network, along with the positions and identifications of all nodes to which they are connected. This will ensure that even if one node or communication pathway is lost, the network can quickly and efficiently heal itself to handle heavy, continuous network traffic at speeds exceeding 1 Gbps. Reconfigurable, high-speed wireless computer networks have numerous applications in military, commercial and industrial settings. They are characterized by fast setup, upgrade and reconfiguration, and thus can benefit mobile tactical operations that are heavily dependent on information access. In military scenarios, the ability to automatically reconfigure the network and heal the network mesh will prevent any segments of the battle group from being cut off in the event that one or more nodes are lost. Extensions of the FASTCOM technology will enable individual warfighters to have access to the entire information content of the battlefield network for the ultimate in situational awareness. The telecommunications industry, and in fact the population as a whole, will benefit greatly through the addition of reconfigurable high-speed wireless networks in business campuses and neighborhoods. Farming and land maintenance will become more automated and self-coordinating. FASTCOM will aid in improving homeland, harbor and military base security through enhanced surveillance data transmission capabilities. Disaster relief and recovery crews will be able to quickly set up emergency networks and more-effectively communicate throughout rescue operations, enabling them to quickly reunite missing persons with their families. Analogous applications can be found throughout the Government, commercial and industrial markets. |
| PHOTERA TECHNOLOGIES
12777 High Bluff Drive San Diego, CA 92130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 755-8855
Mr. Robert Bergstedt AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Compact Portable Data Wall for Command and Control Applications |
| Abstract: | The modern battlefield can encompass a vast area of terrain and involve land, naval, and air forces. Managing this complex environment requires that situational awareness displays portray the battle space in a way that quickly and effectively conveys knowledge to the user. Providing such information in an appropriate format typically calls for a fully-interactive multi-projector display which meets exacting standards. In addressing these standards, careful attention must be paid to the spatial alignment and registration of multiple projectors and to the balancing of image brightness over a large viewing volume. Meanwhile, the size and weight of the display must be consistent with ease of transport. Responding to this need, we have devised a panoramic Command and Control display that is both compact and portable. Supplemental features of the display include a means for implementing multiple laser pointers, together with a wireless control that is based upon Bluetooth technology. We also have identified a rear-projection screen structure that offers to eliminate many of the disadvantages associated with multi-projector displays. Our phase I program includes a detailed review of Air Force display requirements, the evaluation / test of all critical components and the preliminary design of a Phase II prototypical system. Successful development of the proposed multi-projector panoramic display will involve significant advances in the fields of display interactivity and video-wall image matching. As such, the program is expected to provide the solutions to problems that have long plagued an important sector of the commercial display arena. In addition, the proposed projection screen may enable a wide range of architectural and interior lighting products. |
| RAM LABORATORIES, INC.
6540 Lusk Blvd, Suite C200 San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 677-9074
Dr. Robert McGraw AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | DataMining Implementations for High Performance Computing |
| Abstract: | Collaborative applications involve the acquisition, processing, and delivery of very large volumes of remote sensing and related data for a variety of applications. In order to handle this data, collaborative environments must manage, store, search for and retrieve data across highly distributed and networked topologies. This effort will provide a technology that supports distributed data management by developing software libraries that consists of data access interfaces and search algorithms that facilitate parallel data analysis and mining. These libraries will be integrated with existing simulation technologies such as SPEEDES and RAM Laboratories WarpIV simulation engine to provide a parallel and distributed data mining capability. This effort will take advantage of existing persistence and save/restore mechanisms to support basic storage and retrieval of data. More complex search mechanisms that traverse a parallel hierarchical grid data structure will then be employed to coordinate searches using massively parallel high-performance interest management. The resultant technology can be applied to both government-based and commercial collaborative applications. This SBIR is viewed as having excellent commercial potential. Naturally, this SBIR and the distributed data mining technology it will develop have far reaching implications for the Air Force. The data access interface and algorithm libraries will allow for better performance and data management for all collaborative environments. This technology will augment an existing technology that already inherently supports parallel and distributed computing. While improving collaborative applications, this technology will also greatly improve the state of the art with respect to performance for simulation and collaborative environments concerning applications using high volumes of data. While improving support for collaborative applications in many areas addressed by the Air Force, this technology also has far reaching applications to commercial industry. The electrical, computer, telecommunications, medical and transportation industries will benefit from this advancement in technology. Specifc commercial uses include the banking and financial communities where the data mining technology can be used to predict trends and detect patterns in both the marketplace and user characteristics. This technology can also be applied to commercial search enterprise to implement linguistic based approaches and other AI based searches. |
| SCENPRO, INC.
101 W. Renner Rd., Suite 130 Richardson, TX 75082 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 437-5001
Mr. Mark Swenholt AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Information Technologies |
| Abstract: | ScenPro proposes to develop an Incident Response Information Support System (IRISS) application that will greatly improve on-site information management for large-scale incident response efforts. The improvement will be most measurable in Homeland Security incidents with mass casualties that involve multiple responders from different organizations. The IRISS will provide these improvements by combining information management technology from three areas: ú A communications network that can be scaled and configured on demand to provide a communications resource to both expected and ad hoc responders ú A set of role-specific user interfaces that provide appropriate, intuitive, and effective formats for data entry and information push given limited display capabilities and unfamiliar users ú Advanced techniques for information retrieval, aggregation, and display for the following: o situational awareness o critical resource management o incident command decision support aids ScenPro will use its extensive expertise in incident response and the Scenario-based Engineering Process (SEP) to develop the IRISS application. SEP features a Knowledge Acquisition process to obtain and utilize information from subject matter experts. SEP also will provide a preliminary system architecture, which will be the basis for development of a fully functional prototype IRISS tool in a Phase II SBIR program. The proposed IRISS provides the ability for an incident response commander to more effectively manage a large-scale response effort with diverse responding organizations. Improved performance in these situations is of significant value for Homeland Security. To realize this improved performance, the IRISS provides a greatly improved communications capability designed to support on-site information management given a wide variety in the number, type, and role of incident responders. This capability improves the incident response commander's situation awareness, enables critical resource management, and supports use of other "Predict-and Advise" and decision support tools. ScenPro believes that the primary benefit of the proposed IRISS is in situations with civilian and joint military/civilian responders. Military installations are tasked to have the infrastructure, contingency plans, and resources to deal with incidents that occur on-base. Civilian organizations are usually not capable of handling a large-scale response effort without support from a variety of other organizations, which will likely include military ones if Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) are involved. The on-site communications and information management support provided by the IRISS will support an effective response effort in just this sort of situation. |
| SCS ENGINEERING, INC.
23430 Hawthorne Blvd., STE 240 Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 373-4243
Mr. Jerry F. Shaw AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Visual Database Generation and Real-Time Presentation System |
| Abstract: | SCS proposes to develop a Rapid Visual Database Generation and Real-Time Presentation System (RVDG/RPS) for Mission Rehearsal Systems and Crew-In-The-Loop Simulators. This project will develop a tool suite with the capability to take multi-source data (e.g., CADRG, CIB, JFIF/JPEG, DTED, feature data, mission data, weather data...) and rapidly produce a coherent real-time 3-Dimensional color and/or monochrome visual image that can be used by mission rehearsal systems and crew-in-the-loop simulators, with a specifiable field of view. These tools will include an OpenGL runtime engine that will be capable of displaying the data on any workstation or PC, and run real-time given the appropriate graphic accelerator. Develop a deployable tool that will take 1600 square mile high-resolution sample CIB, feature data and DTED data and merge it into a common database within 30 minutes. Develop a production visual node that will display the database in real-time. This node will be capable of being networked with an infinite number of nodes, each capable of displaying a segment of a scene. Networked nodes will be capable of producing a 360ø by 360ø display system. Develop an embedded Rendering Engine that will allow Handheld and/or Pocket PC based systems to view the visual database. The anticipated results of RVDG/RPS will be a suite of tools for developing turnkey systems that will allow a crewmember to rehearse in real-time and non-real-time most if not all facets of a Sensor-to-Shooter Operations mission. The RVDG/RPS system will be a highly deployable system based on commercial computer technologies. Core RVDG/RPS technologies will be demonstrated to be applicable to all DoD user communities (e.g., USAF, USA, USN, SOF, USMC, USCG). |
| SEMANDEX NETWORKS, INC
201 Washington Road Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 720-4916
Dr. Leslie French AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High-Performance Content-based Routing Network for Joint Battlespace Infosphere Applications |
| Abstract: | All DoD organizations handling mission-critical information are facing intense pressures to avoid costly, dangerous and potentially fatal "information breaks". Semandex Networks has assembled a team of experts in distributed computing and network software to pioneer a new category of information-distribution infrastructure based on the extensible Markup Language (XML) standard. The system automatically knows where content is and to which decision-makers it needs to be delivered, dramatically reducing the occurrence of information breaks. A hierarchy of edge and core routers can be interconnected to ensure scalable, accurate, and timely information delivery, in a manner that could not otherwise be economically or technically realized. Semandex has completed the development of its edge router, and is now considering the challenges of building a high-speed core router capable of handling the aggregated traffic volume of several edge routers and high-speed data feeds. It is the objective of this Phase I SBIR to determine the feasibility of constructing a high-speed content router for time-critical C2 data and to demonstrate its architectural suitability to handle global information-intensive applications within the Air Force's Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI). Real-time content delivery is a requirement for applications in the financial, manufacturing, energy, corporate enterprise, government and military sectors. In all these segments, although there is a vast mass of data being generated, too little information arrives at the right place at the right time. Applications of Semandex content routing include targeted distribution of relevant content from news, market and operational data feeds, file and data sharing by content, and content-based instant messaging. Taken together, these applications create a new Intranet/Internet service category, which we call the "Virtual Content Network (VCN)". Market analysts predict that within the next five years more than 80% of enterprises will have implemented content-aware services for business networks to integrate information assets inside and outside the enterprise. However, the key to the success of these networks will be their ability to handle large volumes of traffic in a robust, scalable architecture, for which further research must be undertaken. Because of its single, non-proprietary representation, XML offers a unique opportunity to integrate and fuse information from different sources. Military standards for XML data are already being developed, and XML-based delivery systems will become the means to collect and disseminate mission-critical information. A worldwide, federated XML-based content routing network will not only reduce the deployment time and cost of ownership of JBI systems, but will also provide opportunities to enhance strategic mission-critical applications and will enable the vision of a Common Relevant Operation Picture (CROP) to be realized. |
| SPLASHNOTE SYSTEMS, INC.
1650 Zanker Road, Suite 244 San Jose, CA 95112 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 398-7065
Mr. Scott Tse AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low-cost, Versatile Collaboration System for Distributed Decision-Making & Information Exchange |
| Abstract: | The U.S. Air Force has several requirements for information systems to provide Global Awareness, Dynamic Planning and Execution, and Global Information Exchange. A key common underlying issue is the need to link remotely located people or groups of people together, share information or data in a meaningful context, such that they can interact, collaborate, or take action in some fashion. While several distinct solutions can be developed to address these requirements, a more innovative approach would be to attack the two key needs of a flexible, customizable interactive interface and an information delivery system with a broad reach. Such a solution can even be more affordable than dedicated solutions if advantage is taken of trends in commercial practices. SplashNote Systems is developing an innovative collaboration system with these objectives in mind. It has an application platform, which allows a project manager to quickly develop and deploy collaborative applications without worrying about the underlying technology. And it provides a broad reach by leveraging common messaging channels such as email. The key is that the message inbox is converted into an interactive and dynamic interface that essentially links all participants together in a shared data environment. Such a system would allow Air Force personnel to stay apprised of the latest information and to interact with each other with no more than a message address. SplashNote will be compatible with most email client in the marketplace, with further plans for other messaging devices such as PDA and wireless WAP phones. What the U.S. military faces in trying to link people together in a meaningful data environment is exactly what most businesses face with their suppliers and their customers in the value chain. A system that provides a broad reach inside or outside of the enterprise, and yet can accommodate shifting supply networks would be valuable to the commercial world. The market opportunity is significant. The worldwide value chain market, comprising of Supply Chain Management and Customer Relationship Management software, is still relatively untapped and is projected to grow at a torrid pace to over $40 billion in software sale alone by 2004. |
| SYNERGIA LLC
2400 Broadway, Suite 203 Redwood City, CA 94063 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 569-4999
Dr. Michael Fehling AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Information Technologies: Risk-Advised Information Management |
| Abstract: | We will develop a comprehensive methodology, "Risk-Advised Information Management," to support multi-actor (social) choice applications. Well-founded principles from decision theory will be introduced to improve and coordinate decisions among decision-makers. We will show how the support offered by this methodology can be realized in technology, as an enhancement of K2 ("Knowledge Kinetics"), a very powerful information management and collaboration technology. Decision-makers will be able to quantify the value of differing kinds of information, and so sort through the vast available information resources. Decision-makers will also be able to advise, be advised by, and coordinate their decisions with other decision-makers. They will discover opportunities and conflicts among their decisions through analytic calculations on those decisions. By quantifying the rewards and risks associated with these, they will receive support for choices about who to coordinate with, when, and over what topics. Hence two critical challenges to decision-making, information overload and coordination management, are addressed by creating formally-grounded tools to improve choice processes and decision contents. This is the basis for a major improvement in decision quality, especially, for joint and combined/coalition operations. Defense, public-sector, and private-sector activities are becoming more complex, and increasingly inter-dependent in their execution. Information resources will continue to grow in size and complexity. The proposed technology creates a new information management discipline for complex multi-actor decision-making in any venue: overseas military operations, homeland defense, and private-sector management. As the difficulty and stakes of decisions rises, so too will the value of this technology. |
| TRIDENT SYSTEMS INC.
10201 Lee Highway, Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(919) 847-9123
Mr. Scott Thomas AF 02-103 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multimedia Collaboration Guard |
| Abstract: | Recent events, including the horrific terrorist attacks on the United States, serve to highlight the need for improved intelligence and collection management. Collaboration tools are becoming increasingly important to the DoD, Intelligence Community (IC), law enforcement agencies and others that are involved with our national security. Many agencies and services each have their own private, secure networks, which creates barriers to sharing information. Mechanisms are needed to enable MLS multimedia collaboration and to facilitate easy security policy administration. The Air Force ISSE Guard application provides multi-level secure communications between different networks, but currently only supports email and file transfer mechanisms. These transports do not support real-time, multimedia traffic that is generated by collaborative applications. Efforts are underway to look at MLS text chat capabilities, but no initiatives are addressing multimedia collaboration, including audio, video, and shared whiteboard. New transport mechanisms and protocols are needed to enable IC users and others to effectively collaborate. Trident Systems proposes to design and develop the Multimedia Collaboration Guard (MCG) to provide multi-level secure multimedia collaboration. The MCG is based up the ISSE Guard platform. The MCG implementation will leverage the planned ISSE Guard socket-based communication enhancements, and incorporate commercial security policy server technology. The Multimedia Collaboration Guard will enable IC users to collaborate across dissimilarly classified networks in real-time. The MCG architecture supports text chat/instant messaging, audio and video teleconferencing and share whiteboard collaboration tools. By improving IC users' ability to effectively collaborate and share intelligence information, most notably HUMINT, the IC analysis and dissemination capabilities significantly improve. |
| 8BY8
1883 Orangetree Mountain View, CA 94040 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(415) 531-6207
Dr. Nina Zumel AF 02-104 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Computational Model of Information Fusion for Situation Assessment |
| Abstract: | The overall objectives of this proposal are: to develop computational techniques for the information fusion problem as it relates to Situation Monitoring and Assessment. We decompose the Situation Assessment problem into two parts. The first part is the mapping of the raw state of the world (the structural description of the world) to semantic situational features which are relevant to the target situations of interest. The second part is to derive or express the relationships among the situational features with respect to the situation of interest. The second part is the information fusion problem. This decomposition decouples the domain specific problem of situation assessment from the domain independent, and possibly interchangeable, sensor and information processing technologies which extract the semantic features from the raw data. We propose to develop and evaluate algorithms for learning situation-specific relationships among situational features. To this end, we also present a normalized evaluation measure for the reliability of the information processors which extract the semantic features. This normalized measure facilitates the interchangeability of underlying information processing technologies. The research described in this proposal will contribute to development of a knowledge refinery platform which allows domain experts to discover and extract actionable intelligence from massive raw data repositories. Such a platform will have a significant and positive impact in shortening the data-to-action cycle in many disciplines such as marketing, genomics and bioinformatics, national security, financial services, and business intelligence. The shorter decision cycle will yield significant cost savings as well as revenue generation opportunities for commercial users. In some cases, such as bioinformatics, where research-to-shelf product development cycle often spans ten to twelve years, even a one-year advantage could have multi-billion dollar market implications. In other cases, such as national security analysis, shortening the analysis cycle could in fact save numerous lives. |
| EXPERT DECISIONS
6012 Jewell Court Alexandria, VA 22312 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 916-0474
Dr. Lucian Russell AF 02-104 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Approaches for Information Fusion |
| Abstract: | Expert Decisions proposes to develop a rigorous mathematical basis for information fusion by extending a processing for inducing Fuzzy measures from a simple object space to a complex object space. The Level 1 objects will be in classes of concrete objects and terrain, with their locations and movements. Situation Assessment will proceed by creating abstract objects in two classes, Opportunities and Vulnerabilities. The new mathematical paradigm will be demonstrated on a testbed of Level 1 objects located on a terrain. The ability to assess complex situations represented by objects will greatly expand the capabilities of decision support systems in computer security, finance, and pharmaceutical research. |
| VERSATILE INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC.
5 Mountainview Drive Framingham, MA 01701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 277-0242
Dr. Rajat K. Saha AF 02-104 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Formal Framework for Situation Awareness |
| Abstract: | This project will develop a formal framework for Situation Awareness (SAW). A rigorous mathematical formalization of the SAW problem will be developed. An infrastructure for Situation Analysis compatible with the formalization will be proposed. The infrastructure will be organized around an ontology for the domain of Situation Awareness. The functionality of the infrastructure will include: collection of information from various sources, like JDL's Level 1 sources, intelligence channels, humans; representation of the information in a formal language; reasoning about and update of the relations among the objects in the SAW domain; Level 2 fusion of the various kinds of information and derivation of the uncertainty and the ambiguity of decisions; ability to reason about current and future threats and impacts of particular decisions. An ontology for the SAW domain and SAW scenarios will be developed and used for evaluation of the proposed approach. The results of this project are expected to be useful in both military and commercial domains. Military Situation Awareness systems can be built based upon the approach investigated in this project. Systems to support situation awareness in the commercial world may include fraud detection, enterprise knowledge management and detection of unexpected or unusual behaviors. |
| CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORPORATION
727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-2567
Mr. Glenn Beach AF 02-106 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Quantum Information Science |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
5485 Beltline Rd, Suite 200 Dallas, TX 75254 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 852-0493
Mr. Douglas J. Matzke AF 02-106 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A High Dimensional Approach to Quantum Computing |
| Abstract: | It has proved difficult to code arbitrary
algorithms in the quantum computing
paradigm. We have noticed that our patented corob
Technology shares a common
high dimensional mathematical basis with entangled
qubits. Corob Technology
is a computationally complete alternative
computing paradigm in its own right.
The common mathematical basis provides a means for
us to map the known properties
and programming paradigm of corob
Technology-particularly CAM capabilities-into
the quantum computing domain. We expect this to
result in a generic corob-inspired
quantum CAM compiler system. We have engaged Dr.
Tommaso Toffoli of "reversible
Toffoli gate" fame as a consultant for this
project.
In Phase I we will show mathematically that the known corob properties of high dimensional spaces apply to the spinor constrained high-dimensional spaces formed by entangled qubits. We have Fast Track investors available, and we will submit a Phase II proposal, as early in Phase I as possible, to design and implement the product needs of the Air Force and the commercial product interests of our chosen Fast Track partner. We expect to begin marketing initial quantum computing tools before the end of Phase II. This technology will form the basis of a new direction and product line in quantum computing. It has strong dual use capabilities wherever massive speedup is important. It provides both near term commercial tools and future products. |
| SECURBORATION INC
695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 432-5701
Mr. Lee Krause AF 02-107 Selected for Award |
| Title: | EBO-Scenario Generation |
| Abstract: | Securboration is pleased to propose an innovative approach to linking Effect Based Operation (EBO) Center Of Gravity analysis with simulation tools to determine the most effective Course Of Action (COA) to achieve the desired effects, entitled EBO- Scenario-Generation. EBO- Scenario-Generation concept is based on five years of research in to automated Scenario Generation capabilities. The ability to automate the creation of the most promising COA's and pass them off to wargaming simulations has the potential expand the amount of what-if analysis that can be performed during the simulation activity lending itself to improved COA's that meet the desired effects. The ability to automate the selection of course of actions to achieve a desired effect has the potential to improve the current generation of process improvement and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tools. For corporations that are trying to improve the performance of their organization, employees and gain potential customers, the EBO Scenario Generation technology has the potential to provide innovative COA that will lead corporation in achieving their desired effect. |
| ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(952) 829-5864
Dr. John Wu AF 02-108 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An Integrated Publish and Subscribe Arrchitecture Test Harness |
| Abstract: | What forms the foundation of the Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) system is a Publish and Subscribe (P&S) architecture, which is composed of protocols, processes, and common core functions permitting participating application and organizations to share and exchange mission-critical information in a timely manner. The Air force is examining various P&S standards that have the potential of forming the basis for a comprehensive JBI platform. Leveraging Architecture Technology Corporation's existing technology in reconfigurable test tools, this SBIR research proposes to develop architecture for an Integrated Publish & Subscribe Architecture Test Harness (InPATH) that will provide JBI platform evaluators a powerful tool to test and assess the capability and performance of various Publish & Subscribe architectures. The proposed easy-to-use and cost-efficient test tool will enable distributed simulation of multiple P&S systems on multiple platforms. This integrated solution will enable evaluation of P&S systems both under development and in operation The military and commercial application for this research is a software evaluation tool aimed at enabling DoD and commercial P&S system personnel for evaluation and comparison of various P&S architectures. Potential customers of the commercial product from this research include the military and commercial P&S system developers as well as evaluators. The anticipated benefits include cost saving in test bed development for evaluating P&S systems. |
| 3 SIGMA RESEARCH, INC.
503 S. River Oaks Dr. Indialantic, FL 32903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 674-9267
Mr. Michael Winburn AF 02-109 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multisensory Assimilation of Complex C2 Information |
| Abstract: | 3 Sigma Research proposes an innovative two-part approach that provides both a new information visualization capability called the InfoSlider and a scientifically-based Case Study methodology called the Visualization Evaluation Environment (VEE). The InfoSlider allows users to visualize data through various ranges of object attributes. This assists the user in quickly locating objects that meet specific criteria from within large, complex data sets. VEE provides a quantitative, consistent, and repeatable methodology to evaluate information visualization components and their environments. Our approach to evaluating the visualization of complex data relies on both computer software and an understanding of the human cognitive process. By quantifying the usability of visualization components and systems, the overall value to commanders in the field is that they are presented with information as opposed to raw data. The proposed work will result in 1) A Case Study methodology with the ability to evaluate a wide range of information visualization components and environments, 2) the InfoSlider: A new information visualization component, 3) reuse of the InfoSlider Java class for integration into existing analysis and visualization applications, such as JVIEW, and 4) a proof-of-concept, case study evaluation, of the InfoSlider using VEE. The visualization evaluation methodology and the dynamically configurable display technologies described in this proposal have very broad applicability. Many government and commercial organizations recognize the advantage of tailoring information presentation to aid in the decision making process in areas that are characterized as time critical, high stress, or information intensive. Areas such as military command and control, agencies involved in Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance; air traffic control, market analysis, scientific research, and medical test analysis are examples of applications that can benefit from this technology. |
| MAK TECHNOLOGIES
185 Alewife Brook Parkway Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 876-8085
Mr. Kevin Johnson AF 02-109 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multisensory Display Toolkit for Assimilation of Complex C2 Information |
| Abstract: | Under this SBIR effort, MŽK Technologies proposes to develop advanced multi-sensory display management concepts and algorithms that will improve the information flow to the Air Force warfighter on today?s C2ISR displays. Leveraging in-house products and technology, MŽK will implement prototype algorithms for experimentation and test. The Phase I research and prototypes will provide a strong foundation for Phase II development and commercialization of a Multi-Sensory Display Toolkit. MŽK will also leverage its experience in developing powerful, yet easy-to-use toolkits to create a mechanism that will allow the community at large to access the multi-sensory display management technology developed under this effort. The proposed effort will leverage COTS, standards-based, plan view display and 3D visualization software, lowering cost, time, and risk. The proposed MSDT concept has the following benefits: 1. Increased effectiveness of commanders and air controllers due to the more intuitive and readable displays with minimal overlap and occlusion. 2. Reduction of decision times by timely presentation of mission-relevant and mission-critical information. Delivering the proposed capability as a software toolkit aimed at system developers has the following benefit: 1. Increase in the number and capabilities of automated display systems due to the ready availability of the proposed capability in toolkit form, ready for integration. Leveraging MŽK's COTS PVD, Stealth and CGF software and MŽK's extensive experience supporting commercial-grade software toolkits has the following benefits: 1. Increased capability of the proposed multi-sensory display software toolkit due to the $2.3M internal, product funding commitment MŽK has made to these products. 2. Increased viability of the proposed display software toolkit due to MŽK's best-commercial-practices design, implementation, documentation, and support capability. 3. Low cost, time, and risk via extensive leverage of non-developmental software. |
| NETWORK DISK, INC.
5 Gaslight Lane Framingham, MA 01702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 872-4586
Dr. Ilya Gertner AF 02-110 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Secure Peer-to-Peer Object Repository |
| Abstract: | The advancement of network and storage technologies has generated rapid growth in the field of distributed storage over the past few years. Strong demands for more and improved storage has developed from a growing economic and cultural need to store and archive as much data as possible. The current client/server architectures of most storage systems are not suitable for large-scale global storage solutions. They have a major drawback: as the number of clients increase, the load and bandwidth demands on the server also increase, eventually preventing the server from handling additional clients. The P2P information-sharing model has significant potential in the design of large-scale repositories due to its inherent scalability, decentralized architecture and low cost of entry [10]. The recent proliferation of P2P technologies, such as Napster, Gnutella, Freenet and Free Haven provide working examples of the power of the P2P model to facilitate global information sharing. This proposal addresses this need for a secure, scalable storage system. We evaluate current peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies for the development of a platform to provide a secure, distributed object repository for an enterprise environment. We describe the characteristics that are needed to make such a storage system feasible and explain why the P2P architecture needs to be considered. We then determine which of these attributes are met by some of the most successful P2P implementations today and point out the characteristics that are lacking. Finally, we introduce ideas for a unique, complete, secure, P2P object repository that borrows from many of the strengths of some of the current popular P2P implementations. We intend to apply P2P secure solutions to Internet Storage in general, and in particular focusing on Internet Backup. We will work with Storage Networks (SSP) and Connected, an Internet Backup Company for Compaq Computers. |
| ODYSSEY RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.
33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 257-1975
Dr. Matthew Stillerman AF 02-110 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Peer-to-Peer Object Repository with Integrated Security |
| Abstract: | The Air Force's Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) requires a secure, scalable, object repository to support the vision of a globally accessible, secure, distributed information "space." Peer-to-peer (P2P) technology holds significant promise for these large-scale information repositories because of its demonstrated scalability and robustness. However, development of a P2P object repository poses these tough challenges: distributed query processing and security. ATC-NY envisions a Peer-to-Peer Object Repository that will exploit innovative strategies for security and distributed query without sacrificing scalability. In Phase I, we will design a prototype of the system and develop an assurance argument as well as design a testbed and scalability experiments. Security for the object repository will be based on four concepts: security information encapsulated in JBI objects, capability-based access control, trust management, and k-of-n secret sharing. Our innovation is the proposed synthesis of these techniques, especially in the context of a P2P application. The query function of the object repository will be implemented using a combination of mobile agents and distributed, fragmented, replicated indices. Again, this represents an aggressive advance beyond current practice, attractive because of its inherent scalability in the P2P environment. A secure P2P-based object repository that is also scalable and meets performance requirements will support (or make possible) the JBI goal to provide tailored, "decision-quality" information to personnel at all echelons. The inherent ability of P2P for dynamic discovery will reduce the need for extensive pre-planning of mission information requirements. With heightened awareness of security, corporations are starting to demand information assurance and security comparable to those expected by the DoD. A secure, scalable P2P object repository will also be attractive to large corporations that must respond rapidly to changing business conditions. We believe that P2P technology will play a leading role in the JBI and in future battlefield information systems. Our Phase II prototype and experiments will make a compelling argument for this point of view. Our commercialization strategy for the DoD sector will revolve around joining the team that develops the mature versions of the JBI, contributing the technology that is developed on this effort. P2P applications are already commercially significant and that trend seems set to continue as the technology matures. Our scalable query mechanism and our novel approach to enforcing security will be valuable contributions. |
| ACOUSTIC IDEAS INC.
25 Eaton Street Wakefield, MA 01880 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 587-1177
Dr. Vincent Lupien AF 02-111 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optimized Phased Array Hard Alpha Inclusion Detection in Castings |
| Abstract: | Current manufacturing technology for cast titanium components cannot guarantee the absence of hard alpha inclusions. Under the effect of fatigue, such inclusions become likely sites for structural failure. By performing nondestructive inspections on the manufactured parts using phased array ultrasound, one can eliminate parts with the largest inclusions. Despite such quality control, undetected inclusions can be large enough to decrease the life expectancy of the parts by a factor of 20. To avoid such consequences, structural members can be made thicker but the added weight can decrease aircraft performance. Even a 50% reduction in the size of the smallest detectable inclusion would have significant life and/or weight benefits. Fortunately, the current phased array implementation has not been optimized. We therefore propose to optimally design a phased array for cast titanium inspection. We will explore reductions in beam diameter, changes in the number, size and arrangement of the elements, variations in frequency, and a variety of imaging techniques to improve detection while reducing grain noise. Along with reducing the size of detectable inclusions, we will explore techniques to allow phased arrays to adapt to the complex part geometries of titanium castings. By reducing the size of the smallest detectable inclusion in cast titanium components, the U.S. Air Force will benefit financially through an extension of the initial life span of new aircraft, and/or increases in aircraft performance through weight reduction. Our technology will also allow the use of phased array inspection on a broader class of component geometries. The development of an optimized ultrasonic array for titanium would also benefit the aircraft once they enter the Aging Aircraft phase of their service life. The Air Force is the primary customer for this application. Pending a successful Phase I effort, we will pursue further development of our technology into marketable products for the Air Force and large Aerospace contractors. Developments under this contract will have benefits well beyond titanium casting inspection. In particular, commercial engine and power systems forged disk inspections will benefit. |
| MATERIALS RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL
811 W. Fifth Street, Unit 2 Lansdale, PA 19446 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 631-7111
Dr. Ronald W. Smith AF 02-112 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightweight Titanium Heat Exchangers |
| Abstract: | MRi proposes to develop cost effective braze joining methods for the fabrication of lightweight titanium heat exchangers. Such heat exchangers are targeted by the Air Force for use in advanced aircraft fluids heat exchanger systems in order for the weapons system to meet weight and cooling requirements. Development of joining processes for fabricating such light weight heat exchangers would increase both the fuel economy and aircraft performance. The proposed Phase I effort would investigate three approaches: i) MRi's new active solder alloys including Sn-Ag-Ti (200øC) and Zn-Ag-Al (380øC) and new Cu-Sn-Ag-Ti active filler metals with active metals and rare earth (lanthanides) additions that promise to make them more compatible for joining titanium, ii) higher temperature braze fillers that include Al, Cu, CuAg, InCuAgTi, CuNiTi and Ni-based braze alloys and iii) innovative activated diffusion joining methods. MRi will join with Lytron, Inc, a leading specialty heat exchanger company for heat exchanger concepts and testing. Phase I efforts will develop and characterize joining techniques then selectively test to show the feasibility of fabricating reliable plate-fin titanium liquid cooling heat exchangers for use at temperatures from 200 - 500øF. Titanium fabrications have a wide range of used based on either its high strength to weight ratio and its corrosion resistance. As such, the heat exchanger applications for military aircraft could extend to commercial aircraft or other transportation vehicles where weight reductions would be needed. Additionally, high power computing (main frame/networks), chemical processing, and medical and instrumentation cooling applications also would benefit as titanium joining would become more cost effective and reliable. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Mr. Paul Rolincik AF 02-112 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An Integrated Laser Joining and Direct Fabrication Technique for Lightweight Titanium Heat Exchangers |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems proposes to develop and characterize an advanced laser joining technique for titanium heat exchangers to provide lighter weight and lower cost heat exchangers while offering equivalent or better performance. Currently, heat exchangers are fabricated from stainless steel or inconel, which are heavy with a density of 6.6 g/cc (0.24 lb./cu.in.), so that weight-efficient designs are difficult to produce. For that reason, lighter weight materials that operate at high temperature are required for the next generation of weapon systems, such as the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. The density of titanium is 4.6 g/cc (0.17 lb./cu.in.), which is about 60% the weight of current stainless steel or inconel. However, before titanium can be fabricated into lightweight heat exchangers, a technique needs to be developed for providing reliable joining of thin, 0.004 to 0.020 inch (0.102 to 0.508 mm) thick, titanium for plate-fin heat exchangers. Triton's extensive experience in laser joining and deposition using our patented Laser Free Form Fabrication (LF3TM) technique will be directly applied for obtaining an optimum joining technique for titanium heat exchangers. Triton is teamed with Northrop-Grumman and Hughes-Treitler, to adapt the LF3TM technology for joining titanium materials for heat exchanger components. Triton's proposed joining method using the LF3TM technique for titanium heat exchangers will provide the Air Force with a lighter weight system to meet the weight and cooling requirements for applications typical of advanced military aircraft. In addition to military aircraft applications, the commercial aircraft industry will benefit for their large gas turbine engines and airframes. |
| LAMBDA RESEARCH
5521 Fair Lane Cincinnati, OH 45227 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 561-0883
Mr. Paul S. Prevey AF 02-113 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Component Surface Treatments for Engine Fatigue Enhancement |
| Abstract: | The 4th stage compressor IBR of the JSF F119 engine is fatigue limited. Surface enhancement, by the introduction of compressive residual stress, is a practical means of improving fatigue performance without changing material or design. Low Plasticity Burnishing (LPB) provides twice the HCF strength and four times the damage tolerance of shot peening in Ti-64 and IN718 laboratory specimens. LPB applied to the leading edge of the F404 Ti-64 1st stage fan blade has been shown to produce sufficient through-thickness compression for complete tolerance of 1.3 mm (0.050 in.) deep FOD. LPB offers rapid, affordable, surface enhancement using conventional CNC machine tools in a manufacturing environment. With the support of Pratt and Whitney, the feasibility of improving damage tolerance of the F119 4th stage compressor IBR blades with LPB processing will be investigated. LPB parameters and control software will be developed using existing tooling and 4-axis CNC facility. The HCF life and damage tolerance achievable with LPB will be documented and compared to the current practice of shot peening. Phase II will thoroughly document HCF performance of LPB processed blades, and address the development of an automated production facility for LPB processing full IBRs in manufacturing and repair. The immediate anticipated benefit of the proposed effort to the Air Force is elimination of the fatigue related performance limitations imposed on the F119 4th stage compressor IBR. Surface enhancement by LPB processing is expected to improve the 4th stage IBR blade HCF life and FOD tolerance sufficiently to allow engine operating restrictions to be relaxed. Long term benefits will be realized from expansion of LPB processing to improve damage tolerance of other IBRs, and as a post process following weld repair. Continuing benefits will be realized in both IBR performance and reduced maintenance and inspection costs. Commercialization will begin with production LPB processing of the F119 4th stage IBR, followed by transition of the technology to other military aviation applications. LPB is well positioned for commercialization due to the low costs of processing and capitalization relative to laser shock peening (LSP), and the improved depth and stability of the compressive layer produced by LPB relative to shot peening. LPB can be applied with conventional CNC machine tools, and can be easily incorporated into existing manufacturing operations. Surface Enhancement Technologies, LLC has been licensed and positioned to provide the LPB technology and support necessary for rapid effective transition into manufacturing. Demand for improved HCF performance and cost reduction from military owner-operators will lead to LPB processing of other critical rotating parts during manufacturing and overhaul. Aging aircraft applications to improve HCF, SCC and corrosion fatigue performance in aluminum airframe alloys and steels will follow. Military applications will be followed in the commercial aviation sector, driven by improved HCF performance and cost reduction. Potential secondary commercial opportunities for LPB to improve HCF and SCC performance in the aerospace, automotive, and power generation turbine industries are vast, and will follow the initial military applications over a period of several years. |
| LSP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
6145 Scherers Place Dublin, OH 43016 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 718-3000
Mr. David F. Lahrman AF 02-113 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Laser Peening: Cost Reduction |
| Abstract: | The fatigue life of aircraft engine components such as turbine blades has been significantly increased by the application of laser peening. The cost of laser peening is decreasing as new technological advancements are implemented to the process. These advancements include more robust laser systems that are easier to maintain than the previous generation lasers. New processing methods are being developed such as the RapidCoaterT system that automates the application of processing overlays and thereby increases throughput and decreases processing labor. Additional reductions in processing costs are desired to decrease component cost and to promote widespread application of laser peening to lower cost components. This program will evaluate two specific laser peening effects. These processing effects will be evaluated using specific processing methods that will increase the laser peening rate. These processing methods when applied with a low cost low maintenance laser system will lead to a significant reduction in the processing cost. The benefit of this program will be to provide new processing methods that, when combined with lower cost equipment, will reduce the cost of laser peening substantially. The new processing methods can be applied to all components. This application includes components that are currently in production such as the 1st stage fan blades for the F110 engine for the Air Force. Other low cost parts, such as gears and shafts for automotive applications, will be able to take advantage of the LaserPeenT process. |
| CAPE COD RESEARCH, INC.
19 Research Road East Falmouth, MA 02536 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 540-4400
Mr. Francis L. Keohan AF 02-114 Selected for Award |
| Title: | New High Durability Sol-Gel Surface Pretreatments for Aluminum |
| Abstract: | Conversion coatings, which both inhibit metallic corrosion and promote coating adhesion have long been a key component in aircraft maintenance. Commercially available conversion coatings and primers contain toxic and corrosive chemicals, most notably, hexavalent chromium compounds. In order to achieve the same type of surface chemistry and morphology necessary for effective corrosion inhibition without chromates, a novel pretreatment method is proposed. The objective of the Phase I program is to identify candidate materials which meet the goals of low toxicity, simple application, removal on command, adhesion promotion, and corrosion inhibition of non-ferrous alloys. This involves synthesizing novel corrosion-inhibiting compounds and formulating new ionic self-assembling monolayer-based coatings. A novel combination of metal surface-active compounds and sol-gel precursors will be used to form self-assembling coatings that possess optimum barrier properties, primer coat adhesion and suppression of electrochemical reactions. These properties will be tested on common aircraft aluminum alloys for salt fog resistance and paint adhesion. Potentiodynamic electrochemical analysis will be used to study the corrosion inhibiting mechanisms. A system will be devised for rapidly removing the protective coatings. The pretreatment systems are designed to be easily applied and removed, chromium-free, and to form long lasting interfaces between metals and coatings. An effective, corrosion inhibiting material or process which excluded chromium compounds would provide the DoD and commercial aviation with a cost-effective process for maintaining an aging aircraft inventory. Potential commercial applications would include corrosion prevention treatments for the aerospace, electronics, automotive and marine industries. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Allan Shepp AF 02-114 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Nano Metal Oxide - Conductive Polymer Anti-Corrosion Coating for Aluminum |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems in collaboration with Prof. Sze Yang of the University of Rhode Island (URI), responds to the Air Force need for a new and innovative non-chromium (environmentally friendly) anti-corrosion coating for Air Force aluminum alloy surfaces. We will develop a new anti-corrosion coating system based on non-chromium nano-metal oxides (NMOs) blended into an integrally doped conductive polymers (CP) matrix. The coating system will be applied to aluminum alloys of interest to the Air Force from an aqueous system using ISAM techniques. The release on command ability of both surface conversion and primer layers will be demonstrated, as well as superior performance against acid pitting corrosion. On Phase I we will show proof of principle of the proposed surface conversion and primer coatings; on Phase II we will address processing and compatibility issues with aircraft manufacturers and the Air Force, and on Phase III we will develop pre-prototype applications to aircraft surfaces with verification by field testing. A highly effective, non-chromated, release on command protective coating system that meets corrosion resistance requirements will greatly reduce the monetary and environmental costs associated with corrosion for the Air Force and other defense department agencies. Such a coating will have similar benefits in large commercial aircraft markets and in other applications where corrosion protection is desired. |
| EPIR, LTD
590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 771-0203
Ms. HyeSon Jung AF 02-115 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Superlattice Materials for Very-Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors (VLWIR) |
| Abstract: | The fabrication of large format, highly sensitive Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs), sensing at very long wavelength in the IR region i.e beyond 15um (VLWIR) is highly desirable for Air Force's space based applications. Currently, only limited types of arrays such as 256 X 256 Si:As (5-20 um) are available in this IR region. However, these extrinsic detectors suffer from some fundamental limitations, such as low quantum efficiency, relatively low detection sensitivity and low operating temperature. Intrinsic detectors made from HgTe/CdTe superlattices (SLs) have several advantages over extrinsic detectors such as low tunneling current, low noise and high quantum efficiencies. Compared to bulk HgCdTe, the cut-off wavelength of HgTe/CdTe SLs can be easily tuned to VLWIR by adjusting the layer thickness of HgTe layers. Strained layer HgTe/CdZnTe SLs can even be band structure engineered in order to suppress Auger recombination and impact ionization, which will lead to lower noise and higher operating temperature. Another important advantage of HgTe/CdTe SLs, compared to HgCdTe, is related to the p-type doping which can be achieved without high temperature annealing through arsenic incorporation in CdTe layers. Furthermore these SLs could be grown on Si substrates which would pave the way for Megapixel hybrid or possibly monolithic VLWIR FPAs/ Through the design of HgTe/CdTe SL's electronic band structure, detectivity computation and in-situ control of layer thickness it is proposed to grow high quality SLs for the fabrication of high performance IR detectors, sensing cut-off wavelengths between 20-25 microns with operating temperature above 40 K. Successful growth of high quality HgTe/CdTe or HgTe/CdZnTe superlattices will provide high performance IR detectors sensing at very long wavelengths between 20-25 microns and beyond with operating temperature above 40 K. Such detectors will satisfy various Air Force space based applications. These high performance IR detectors will also have tremendous commercial potential in various civil markets such as space-based earth and atmospheric conditions imaging, environmental monitoring, and natural resource assessment and management. Therefore, commercialization of these HgTe/CdTe or HgTe/CdZnTe SLs IR detectors will provide substantial benefits in both military and commercial applications. |
| MP TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1801 Maple Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 491-7251
Steven Slivken AF 02-115 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Type-II InAs/GaSb Superlattice Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays in the Very-Long Wavelength Infrared Range |
| Abstract: | Photon detectors presently available in the very long wave infrared range (lambda > 15 æm) are based on extrinsic silicon and HgCdTe. Due to excessive dark current, the operating temperature of these detectors is below 20K. At present, the most promising alternative is III-V compound semiconductor superlattices based on arsenides and antimonides, such as type-II InAs/GaSb. It is here proposed to develop improved and innovative epitaxial growth techniques for growing such superlattices with much reduced spitting defect density through, in part, the use of newly available effusion cells for the gallium and indium sources in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices will be grown and characterized. Large area type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice detectors will be grown, fabricated and tested in order to evaluate the technical and commercial viability of the proposed approach. Upon successful achievement of the proposed work, it is anticipated that higher quality and uniformity type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice infrared material will be available. High performance large area single-element detectors based on this material system, operating beyond 15æm and at temperatures above 40K, will be demonstrated. This will in turn enhance the prospect of focal plane arrays exhibiting similar operational characteristics for space-based applications, including long range missile threat warning, pollution monitoring, and astronomy. The developed material technology will also have a far reaching impact on the development of mid to very long wavelength infrared devices, such as uncooled infrared photon detectors and mid-infrared lasers. |
| APPLIED SCIENCES, INC.
141 W. Xenia Ave., PO Box 579 Cedarville, OH 45314 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 766-2020
Mr. Elliot B. Kennel AF 02-116 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Conductive Resin Systems for Aircraft Composite Structures |
| Abstract: | Conductive carbon nanocomposites can be created for multiple functions. In addition to structural applications, these materials can have secondary functions which may include lightning strike mitigation; EMI suppression; radar absorption and possibly others. In general the interaction of nanomaterial with high frequency electromagnetic radiation is considerably different than for conventional materials, and thus there are several targets of opportunity which are available to serve Air Force needs. In addition to electrical shielding and lightning strike mitigation for air vehicles, nanofiber additives in polymers offer important attributes for commercial applications such as automotives applications, including reduced production cost, improved stiffness, paintability, creep resistance, reduced shrinkage, lower coefficient of thermal expansion and enhanced impact resistance. |
| METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES COMPANY
P.O. Box 356 Midway, UT 84049 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(435) 654-3683
Mr. George Hansen AF 02-116 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Metal Nanostrand Additives for Conductive Resin Systems for Aircraft Composite Structures |
| Abstract: | Lightning strike protection for composite aircraft components is traditionally provided by application of a secondary surface process, usually consisting of a metal mesh in additional resin. These systems are difficult to apply and repair, are parasitic in weight, and are expensive. An alternate method to provide protection would be to make the composite conductive. Sufficiently conductive fibers exist, but they are still impregnated into the non-conductive resin. The objective of the proposed research is to provide a conductive resin. There is no currently available resin additive which is small enough, long enough or conductive enough for the application. This proposal will investigate the use of a new "metal nanostrand" material; strands of very high aspect ratio metal which are small enough to fit into the inter-fiber region of the composite, long enough to provide interconnectivity, and exhibit high conductivity. If the metal nanostrands are proven successful, they will become an integral part of conductive composite systems, thus decreasing the need for secondary lightning protection. Additional commercial uses of the metal nanostrands will include conductive paints and coatings for ESD/EMI protection of electronic components and facilities, and as an additive to create conductive plastics. The etal nanostrands will become a staple additive to paints, resins, plastics, papers, textiles, etc., as a preffered mthod to achieve ESD/EMI protection. THe low concentrations needed will dramatically reduce cost and preserve the bulk properties of the polymer system. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4114
Dr. Robert Kovar AF 02-117 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Tamper Resistant Coating Development |
| Abstract: | Current thermal spray ceramic tamper-resistant coatings (TRCs) for electronic components are expensive, unreliable and can cause significant thermal damage to underlying circuitry during application at high temperatures. Foster-Miller proposes to develop a secure and reliable, environmentally-compliant tamper-resistant coating that is sprayable without using VOCs and cures at low temperatures in air to a hard, tough, adherent coating. The proposed coating is opaque to light, x-rays and infrared radiation. It bonds strongly to both electronic components and substrate and is so durable that removal of the cured coating via chemical or mechanical means obliterates all evidence of underlying interconnects, traces and dies. In Phase I, we will formulate the coating, prepare coated electronic component test specimens and demonstrate their resistance to tampering. In Phase II, we will refine and scale-up the TRC and conduct tests using coated electronic components leading to early commercialization. (P-020173) A tamper-proof zero VOC coating for electronic components, will be welcomed by both the military and commercial sectors for its security and reliability. Commercial applications include system from pay-TV, digital entertainment, individual computer chips, information system and financial institutions. |
| CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2750 Indian Ripple Rd. Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1877
Mr. Mark Stacy AF 02-118 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Secure Polymeric Printed Circuit Board System |
| Abstract: | Tamper resistant coatings and encapsulation methods are currently employed to deter any attempt at stealing defense electronics technology. However, these coatings are difficult to apply and add weight to the final assembly. Cornerstone Research Group proposes to develop and apply novel polymer materials for manufacturing improved tamper-resistant electronic circuit boards. The Secure Polymeric Circuit Board System is a system designed to improve performance and weight of the final assembly while maintaining security. Also, this system will be easy to manufacture in comparison with current techniques. The system is a three-part design involving the development of a new substrate, interconnection layer, and hard encapsulation covering. Each one of these developments has applications in current circuit board manufacturing methods as a complete system or as an individual component. New circuit board materials and manufacturing techniques to integrate tamper resistance, improve performance and increase reliability are essential to the next generation of Air Force communications and electronic equipment. This system will be used to increase the flexibility and security of circuit boards used in Air Force equipment. The success of this technology in the Air Force could be used as leverage for applications in other military and aerospace platforms. This technology could also be used in the commercial electronics field to ensure security and reliability. |
| SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP.
4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9008
Dr. V. ("Nagu") Nagarajan AF 02-118 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Secure Circuit Board Materials and Processes |
| Abstract: | Systran Federal Corporation (SFC), the sister-company of Systran Corp., which is a Products Development and Marketing Company specializing in high-performance electronic and networking products, is proposing to novel approaches to developing tamper resistant circuit boards. SFC proposes to use a combined "coatings + circuits" approach to provide tamper resistance. Various sol-gel based multiplayer coatings that provide tamper resistance will be developed. In addition, various circuits that provide tamper resistance will also be developed. Both will be combined in an "intelligent" manner to provide highly sophisticated approaches to conferring tamper resistance. Both SFC and Systran Corp., have strong expertise in the development of complex high-performance electronic products, and have a good track record of commercializing government-funded research. SFC has a well-defined commercialization plan, which permits prototypes developed under SBIR programs to be commercialized either through Systran Corp., or any other commercial company. Hence, SFC feels that it can successfully commercialize the "tamper resistant circuit board design solutions" that will be developed in this proposed SBIR program. These "tamper resistant design solutions" may be commercialized through Systran Corporation, the sister-company of SFC, which sells electronic and networking products to the Defense Industry. This SBIR program has been designed with the innovative idea of providing tamper resistance using the combined approach of utilizing both surface coatings and various circuit element additions (at the board level and the chip level). Hence, it is strongly felt that practical and highly effective solutions will be developed. These will be marketed to circuit board manufacturers so that tamper resistant boards can be developed for the DoD. |
| CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2750 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1877
Ms. Chrysa Theodore AF 02-119 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Oriented Nanofiber Film Adhesive |
| Abstract: | Cornerstone Research Group Inc. (CRG) proposes to design, develop and characterize a novel, toughened adhesive system for damage tolerant joints. Joint bonding material must meet stringent mechanical and physical property standards to achieve the necessary level of performance for aircraft structures. The bonds will experience a variety of environmental and loading stresses, and appropriate toughening of these bonds must be addressed. Current approaches utilize z-axis pinning of joint, which tend to damage the composite panels. Scrim materials have also shown toughening of the bond, but have not achieved the exclusive z-direction strength that is needed. CRG's approach is based on next-generation materials that are focused on increased bond durability and toughness. This research effort focuses on the orientation of nanofibers in a film adhesive. The nanofibers would be oriented during the film adhesive manufacturing process, not at joint bonding. Therefore, implementation of this technology will be transparent to the joint bonding process. We are partnered with Loctite Aerospace, a leading manufacturer of high-performance adhesive, on this research effort. The toughen adhesives developed in this program opens up a new market for film adhesives. In metal and composite panel fabrication in aerospace, automotive and multiple structural applications, film adhesives are the preferred form of adhesive due their ease of use and high performance. This research would significantly raise the performance level of these adhesives. It would open new opportunities for film adhesive use in situations where fasteners are currently being utilized because current adhesives are not tough enough. |
| UTILITY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
112 Naylon Avenue Livingston, NJ 07039 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 994-4334
Mr. Harry S. Katz AF 02-119 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Tailored Adhesives for Damage Tolerant Joints |
| Abstract: | Our main objective will be to develop and improve the integrity and reliability of aerospace- grade adhesives in bonded joints. This will increase ballistic survivability and allow reduction of fasteners with subsequent savings in cost and weight. UDC will develop methods to align short fibers in a perpendicular direction on an adhesive layer. These aligned short fibers will provide superior strength joints when we develop methods for the reliable application and controlled orientation of this reinforced adhesive layer for various joint configurations. UDC will prove the feasibility and potential advantages of the new reinforced adhesives and processing methods during this Phase I program. UDC will fabricate and test mechanical properties and demonstrate the concepts and fabrication of cost and weight efficient quality joints. The concept will be demonstrated by the fabrication and testing of small structural parts. At the end of Phase I, we will provide a report with results and conclusions, and a Phase II plan, schedule and cost estimate. This program will provide adhesives to improve the integrity and reliability of bonded joints. This will increase ballistic survivability and allow reduction of fasteners with subsequent savings in cost and weight. Adhesives are in widespread use throughout the commercial sector as well as in defense. Examples are: automobile components, medical devices, electronic devices, as well as military and commercial aircraft components. This technology will provide lower cost and higher quality adhesives for all these applications. |
| FREDERICK T. ELDER & ASSOCIATES
P. O. Box 44291 Madison, WI 53744 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(608) 257-6661
Dr. Frederick T. Elder AF 02-120 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Qualifying Light, High-Performance Materials for Airborne Expeditionary Forces (AEF) |
| Abstract: | Develop a rapid materials-selection strategy and demonstrate efficiency on critical high-energy laser components and vehicle structures. The chemicals used in chemically-driven laser systems are incompatible with many materials used in aircraft and spacecraft. In addition, materials that have been used for ground-based chemical laser systems pose extreme weight penalties for aircraft and space applications. Conventional material evaluation techniques require long test periods and are labor intensive. The objective of this project is to develop rapid, high-confidence materials selection/evaluation techniques to predict material performance for critical aircraft/spacecraft laser systems, in a compressed amount of time. |
| NANOPOWDER ENTERPRISES INC.
Suite 106, 120 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 885-1088
Dr. Mohit Jain AF 02-121 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fabrication of polycrystalline IR-transparent ceramics: A potential substitute for Sapphire |
| Abstract: | Sapphire has been the dominant infrared transparent material for quite some time, and polycrystalline materials such as, magnesium fluoride, aluminum oxynitride and yttrium oxide, have been used to a limited extent when the performance criteria have been less stringent. Polycrystalline and transparent oxide ceramics that have a cubic crystal structure offer an opportunity as a replacement for sapphire, provided a fine grain size is maintained in the fully sintered state. Starting from high quality nanopowders and using a relatively new near net shape consolidation technique, we have sintered a variety of oxide ceramics to full density with a fine grain size. Building upon this work, in Phase I of the program, we propose to fabricate a fully sintered and transparent oxide ceramic, and characterize the mechanical and optical properties. Prototype windows and domes will be fabricated in Phase II and provided for field testing. Working with our collaborators in the industry and a federal laboratory, both of whom have offered support for the proposed program, we anticipate transitioning the technology into military and commercial applications by the end of Phase II. Transparent ceramics offer a number of different opportunities in both military and civilian applications, including infrared windows in heat seeking missiles and optical systems. A powder consolidation approach, which is the subject of this proposal, is an attractive low cost alternative to melt processing and vapor deposition processes that are used to produce single crystals. |
| PRECISE SURFACE FINISHING
39533 Via Temprano Murrieta, CA 92563 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(909) 677-3619
Mr. Charles T. Warner AF 02-121 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Use of Alternate Materials for Infrared (IR) Missile Domes |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to illustrate the significance of ALONTM as the alternative to sapphire and other hard materials for use in the construction of low-cost high-speed missile domes due to the versatility of the highly developed ALONTM material processing capability. Through the application of high-speed optical fabrication processes and hard-material processing technologies the intention is to demonstrate that ALONTM is significantly less costly to fabricate into high-speed missile domes than that of other hard materials. The ideal replacement for sapphire would be inexpensive to procure, easy and inexpensive to fabricate and still retain the excellent combination of optical and mechanical properties exhibited by sapphire. Of all available candidate materials, ALONTM comes closest to this ideal. ALONTM 's properties are very similar to those of sapphire, yet ALONTM is transparent in its polycrystalline form. Therefore, ALONTM can be made by powder processing techniques, in larger sizes, more complex shapes, and at lower costs than are possible with sapphire. Furthermore, ALONTM's isotropic mechanical properties make it much easier and less expensive to polish using high-speed optical fabrication techniques than the an-isotropic sapphire. ALONTM is also in the process of being commercialized on a large scale, unlike other candidate materials, such as spinel. The economics and availability of these materials is a crucial consideration. Lower cost high-speed missile dome material and fabrication processes. Lower cost missile dome. |
| POLYCOMP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
13963 Recuerdo Drive Del Mar, CA 92014 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 530-2151
Dr. Chuk L Leung AF 02-122 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Organoclay Moisture Barrier for Moisture Protection of Plastic Microcircuit Components |
| Abstract: | Plastic encapsulated microcircuits use organic packaging material to protect integrated circuit dies and interconnects from environmental hazards. However because PEMs are non-hermetic its reliability in some harsh environments suffer from rapid moisture outgassing, called popcorning. PolyComo Technologies proposes to use low moisture resins reinforced with organoclay to form nanocomposites that hinders the total moisture sensitivities of these PEM packages. Commercial and military PEM will benefit from this research because the development of a moisture insensitive coating will enable the long term storage of microelectronic components without expensive dessicant or enclosures and enabling the use of these components where ambient pressure is low. |
| UTILITY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
112 Naylon Avenue Livingston, NJ 07039 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 994-4334
Mr. Harry S. Katz AF 02-122 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Individual Plastic Component Water Sealing |
| Abstract: | Our main objective will be to develop and evaluate material and process to prevent moisture absorption by plastic parts at the component level during storage prior to use in building next-level assembly, during storage as spares, storage of higher level assemblies, and while in operational use. The new coatings/sealants will have excellent moisture barrier properties, improved fire retardance and controlled coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Nanofillers will be used to improve permeation barrier and reduce the thermal expansion coefficient. Additives will be used to improve the adhesion and fire retardance. The developed coating/sealant will be tested by the coating of small parts by UDC. The results will be verified by an independent test facility/subcontractor. At the end of Phase I, we will provide a report with results and conclusions, and a Phase II plan, schedule and cost estimate. This program will provide a new coating to prevent moisture absorption. The developed coating will improve the performance, lower the cost, and improve reliability of all electronic components used in Air Force systems. These coatings/sealants for microcircuits are urgently needed throughout the commercial sector as well as in defense. |
| RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS
4325-B Forbes Blvd Lanham, MD 20706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 580-0080
Dr. Jon R. Fox AF 02-123 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Embedded Microexplosives for Secure Hardware (EMESH) |
| Abstract: | The EMESH program will deliver hard, epoxy based materials embedded with microscale quantities of micro explosives (mu X) for tamper-reactivity. Using the same high aspect MEMS photosensitive epoxies the EMESH project will produce demonstration circuit traces which use all three dimensions above the substrate (or circuit board). Using "thick" resists as a material to embed both complex three dimensional circuit traces and microexplosive mine fields, it is now possible to construct secure hardware using UV photolithography and electroless metal deposition. Because of technological advances in the world of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), the same techniques used to assemble micro-sized components to replace macro systems can now be applied to the problem of infrastructure protection and tamper-resistant and reactive hardware. A tamper reactive material would deny attackers the ability to dissect components by imparting damage to critical areas -- rendering the device inoperative. Additionally, EMESH architecture is also inherently difficult to reverse engineer. MEMS techniques can produce circuit traces with a cross-sectional profile only microns in dimension. Furthermore, tamper-proof circuit traces using MEMS electroforming techniques can use all three dimensions to bewilder an attacker attempting to understand the device's design. |
| ASTRALUX, INC.
2500 Central Ave. Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 413-1440
Dr. John T. Torvik AF 02-124 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Hybrid semi-insulating SIC wafers |
| Abstract: | Researchers at Astralux, Inc. propose to develop hybrid semi-insulating SiC wafers using a novel technique. Specifically, our overall goal is to commercialize epi-ready 3-inch and 4-inch 4H and 6H SiC wafers for the emerging wide bandgap microwave device market. The hybrid SiC wafers are deemed complementary to the existing bulk SiC wafers, and the value added is to increase the production volume and significantly reduce the cost of larger-area semi-insulating SiC substrates with a minimum of defects. During Phase I, researchers at Astralux will demonstrate 35-50 mm hybrid SiC prototypes with an application demonstration. An important feature of this program is to work closely with an AlGaN HEMT manufacturer who in Phase I will test our substrates by growing and characterizing III-V nitride epitaxial layers and later provide device correlation efforts in Phase II. The epitaxy and devices will be benchmarked and compared to equivalent epitaxy and devices on conventional substrates. The availability of affordable and high quality 3 and 4-inch semi-insulating SiC wafers is crucial for SiC and III-V nitride power transistor manufacturing. |
| TITECH INTERNATIONAL, INC.
4000 West Valley Boulevard Pomona, CA 91769 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(909) 595-7455
Dr. Edward Chen AF 02-125 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Predictive Tool for Inclusion Crack Initiation and Growth in Titanium Castings |
| Abstract: | This study will examine the current understanding on hard alpha inclusion crack initiation and growth in titanium investment castings to determine the required information needed to predict their effects on component durability. Specific focus will be made on the small crack growth regime for defects of various sizes and locations since it can encompass a majority of the fatigue life. This information will be used to develop an innovative predictive tool that complements current lifing models based on long crack growth behavior. This study will also generate an accept/reject criteria that will assist in qualifying fracture-critical titanium castings (and improving the manufacturing process) by identifying the most critical inclusions that must be found/removed, thus providing airframe designers with the necessary confidence to expand the use of titanium castings. This project will develop an accept-reject criteria for qualifying fracture-critical titanium castings to allow their expanded use in airframe applications. It will also construct an innovative crack physics-based predictive tool for analyzing the effects of hard alpha inclusions on durability of titanium airframe castings. The tool will allow engineers to account for the potential impact of the inclusion failure mode to more confidently assess component durability. It can also be used to intelligently conduct in-service inspection schedules. |
| NASCENT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, LLC
P. O. Box 1470 Yorktown, VA 23692 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(757) 224-0687
Dr. Joesph S. Heyman AF 02-126 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Verification of Composite Bonded Joint Integrity |
| Abstract: | Quantitative nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of adhesively bonded joints has been an elusive goal for decades. In this Phase I SBIR effort, Nascent will explore the development of Differential Nonlinear Elastography (DNE), linking quantitative physical measurements to practical engineering properties. The only way to fully characterize bond strength today is to fail the bond. Inspection limitations coupled with fault tolerant design philosophy often require mechanical fasteners, adding weight and may actually weaken the structure and introduce paths for water intrusion. Because of these limitations, advanced structures are currently unable take full advantage of adhesive bonding. This proposal brings a robust area of physics to focus on this problem, building on advances from both medical and geophysical systems. DNE will topographically assess higher-order elastic properties that are missed by conventional ultrasonic measurements. These properties are directly tied to the local state of the material and are especially influenced by strain. DNE creates a differential strain state that is used to assess the strength of the insonified bond. The work will progress along two paths: the first to quickly verify aspects of the concept, the second leading to a fieldable instrument. Success in these efforts would represent a genuine breakthrough in quantitative NDE. The successful development of Differential Nonlinear Elastography (DNE) will increase confidence in structural adhesive bond strength inspection sufficiently to permit bonded structures to be treated as primary, standalone elements eliminating many inspection-prone fasteners. The cost savings derived from the successful development of DNE could be significant, resulting from both new structural design and fabrication allowables and reduced inspection requirements. Enhanced safety and mission assurance are key drivers for this research application. Anticipated life-cycle cost savings on the order of $100 million dollars for the DOD alone is likely. Broad commercial applications are also envisioned, including industries such as aerospace, automotive, construction, sports equipment manufacturing, electronics and medicine. |
| ALTEX TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
650 Nuttman Road, Suite 114 Santa Clara, CA 95054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 982-2303
Dr. Mehdi Namazian AF 02-128 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Logistic Fuel Organic Sulfur Trap for Fuel Cell Use by Air Expeditionary Forces |
| Abstract: | Effective, low cost and compact sulfur removal technologies are required for military and commercial fuel cell applications. Altex Technologies Corporation (Altex) and Pennsylvania State University (PSU) have identified the Logistic Fuel Organic Sulfur Trap (LFOST) concept that can remove sulfur compounds from logistic fuels at ambient temperatures and pressures without using hydrogen or any other chemical reactant. The hydrocarbon components in logistic fuels remain intact after passing through LFOST, but the sulfur compounds are retained by selective chemical adsorption on the surface of solid adsorbent materials. The concept has been demonstrated at PSU on gasoline fuels. During this program, the technology will be extended to logistic fuels. The design and screening of the adsorbent materials will be carried out at PSU, and the long-term sulfur capture and regeneration testing of an LFOST module will be carried out at Altex. Based on these tests, an LFOST system will be designed for integration into the Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) fuel cell system and the LFOST performance and cost will be projected. These activities will provide the basis for the Phase II efforts to fabricate, demonstrate and deliver the LFOST for integration into the AEF fuel cell reformer A successful development of LFOST will provide a compact and low cost deep desulfurization technology that has extensive military and multiple commercial applications. In the military market, LFOST makes it possible to use PEM fuel cells with logistic fuels. In the commercial market, it allows the use of fuel cells with commercially available gasoline and distillate fuels. In addition to fuel cell applications, LFOST will also have extensive applications in the refinery industry, particularly related to the need to meet the new EPA super-low sulfur fuel requirements by 2006. Considering these applications, it is projected that LFOST could ultimately capture over a billion dollar market. |
| ASPEN PRODUCTS GROUP, INC.
184 CEDAR HILL STREET MARLBOROUGH, MA 01752 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 481-5058
Dr. Mark Fokema AF 02-128 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Absorbent for the Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels |
| Abstract: | In order to employ logistic fuels in fuel cell applications, fuel sulfur content must be reduced to below 10 ppm. We propose a new sulfur removal technology that will remove greater than 99% of the sulfur present in conventionally processed fuels. The proposed absorption-based technology requires no hydrogen feed, is very efficient, and can be regenerated without disrupting performance. Absorbent synthesis, characterization and testing will be performed in the Phase I effort. Significant reduction of logistic fuel sulfur content will enable widespread application of fuel cell power generation devices within military and civilian markets. These devices will offer reduced noise, increased reliability and improved fuel efficiency over conventional power generators. Use of thoroughly desulfurized fuel in conventional applications will also reduce harmful exhaust emission, as current exhaust remediation catalysts operate better in low sulfur content exhaust. The proposed technology will work well in small mobile desulfurization applications as well as large stationary applications. |
| CERACOM INC
200 Turnpike Road, Suite 4 Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Frederick Lauten AF 02-129 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Elimination of Print-Through in Adaptively Controlled, Ultra-lightweight CMC Mirror Materials |
| Abstract: | Ceracom, Inc. and our industrial team members will demonstrate a revolutionary method for manufacturing reduced cost and light weight (<8 kg/m2) primary mirror structural materials which will not exhibit beam quality degrading print-through. Using a sub-scale model we have obtained very promising results, demonstrating the feasibility of using non-mechanical adaptive control to rapidly focus ceramic matrix composite (CMC) mirrors. Ceracom's proposed Phase I and II programs will build upon these results, specifically addressing one of the most important technical issues: development and scale-up of processing approaches producing mirrors which maintain figure while eliminating performance limiting print-through. In Phase I we will develop, evaluate and demonstrate processing methods that will eliminate the occurrence of print-through in our micro-engineered CMC materials. In Phase II we will scale-up the CMC processing technology and fabricate a 1 to 1.5 meter primary mirror demonstrator to show the feasibility of the Ceracom deployable mirror and control concepts to meet weight, cost and operational requirements. While the technology scales to the sizes (4 meter and larger petal structures) needed for SBL, at the 1.5-meter Phase II stage, this "breakthrough" affordable CMC mirror technology will offer improved cost and performance to other systems, like ABL and THEL. Offering vastly reduced manufacturing cycle times and costs, we will commercialize this technology for both defense applications, such as surveillance optics or high energy ABL and SBL systems, and non defense commercial applications. Two such US market segments are high speed telecommunications discs at $100 million per annum; and, advanced directed energy deployable mirror and optical mirror dishes at over $50 million per annum. |
| CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2750 Indian Ripple Rd. Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1877
Dr. Tat H. Tong AF 02-129 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Component Composites for Lightweight Space-Based Mirrors |
| Abstract: | Cornerstone Research Group, Inc., proposes to develop a multi-component composite material system which will address the drawbacks of conventional materials and current fabrication processes for space-based mirrors. Going beyond a simple two-component composite (resin plus woven fabric), this program will develop a new multi-component composite material system and demonstrate its practical application for fabricating lightweight mirrors for space-based optical systems. The resulting material will provide major reduction in mirror areal density (compared with current operational mirrors) while achieving strength, stiffness, and thermal properties optimized for space applications. This novel composite material will also enable fabrication techniques that are faster and cheaper than current practice for space-based mirrors. Operational Benefits: (1) Material with lower mass density will enable larger mirrors by both reducing the areal density of the mirror itself and reducing the mass of support structure that essentially becomes non-performing "scar" mass after orbital deployment; (2) Mirror material with low CTE will improve performance while simplifying the system design challenge; (3) Mirror material enabling simpler, faster fabrication processes with less expensive facility requirements will dramatically reduce mirror costs. Commercial Applications: (1) Government, quasi-governmental, and commercial orbital imaging enterprises (e. g., LANDSAT and SPOT); (2) Large high-end research observatories; (3) Lightweight inexpensive consumer-level telescopes. |
| METAL MATRIX CAST COMPOSITES, INC.
101 Clematis Avenue, Unit #1 Waltham, MA 02453 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 893-4449
Dr. James A. Cornie AF 02-129 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low Cost Light Weight Graphite Fiber Reinforced Mg Space Mirrors |
| Abstract: | MMCC will develop an isotropic graphite fiber reinforced magnesium rigid mirror material that will result in an areal density of 5 kg/m2, reduce lead times for paraboloid blanks by two-thirds, and cut mirror costs by at least 50% over Be mirror systems. Phase I will design, build, and test graphite magnesium composite variants and mechanical, thermophysical, and optical surface evaluations will be performed on flat graphite magnesium blanks, while a near net shape cast ROTF (rough oversize to finish) sub-scale component will be cast simultaneously to demonstrate efficiencies in manufacturing. Moreover, it will be shown, that an isotropic and dimensionally stable mirror can be produced through novel preforming methods, proper alloy selection, and heat treatment. An ultra-lightweight graphite magnesium mirror blank will be near net shape manufactured with a thermal expansion coefficient as low as 1 ppm/K, a thermal conductivity of 200-300 W/mK, stiffness approaching steel, and a density near that of beryllium. Furthermore, the graphite fiber reinforced alloy will be engineered with isotropic mechanical and thermophysical properties, resulting in dimensionally stable optics for space. A 5 kg/m2 areal density space mirror material will become readily available to the space community with short lead times. Cost of fabricating mirrors will be a fraction of that of beryllium or other competitive materials. Innovative control of fiber architecture will result low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity and high stiffness and hence in a highly stable mirror with high vibration dampening capacity. Economic benefits will be measured in launch weight reductions and increased system performance as well as system procurement savings. Alternative applications in the electronic thermal management heat sink industry will also benefit from the concurrent development of the preforming technology needed to produce isotropic composites. |
| XINETICS INC.
2 Buena Vista Devens, MA 01432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 772-0352
Mr. Jerry Weaver AF 02-129 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Materials for Lightweight Space-Based Mirrors |
| Abstract: | This program will provide meter class CERAFORM Silicon Carbide mirrors with an areal density of < 2 kg/mm2 for use in space based laser and surveillance systems. Providing larger, stiffer structures, CERAFORM SiC provides optical, structural and thermal properties which exceed that of the glasses such as Zerodur and ULE, the composites such as graphite epoxy, and the metals such as aluminum and beryllium. Recent developments in SiC forming have produced SiC mirrors with areal density of < 7.5 kg/mm2 with the potential to achieve an areal density of < 2 kg/mm2. These will provide the needed optical material for the next generation of flight based optical systems providing significant technical advantage over current material and fabrication techniques. Phase I will provide a representative-scale demonstration article, a set of designs, performance predictions and manufacturing plans for the meter class SiC mirror. Phase II will fabricate a 1 meter scale demonstration article, designed to have wall and facesheet thickness commensurate with the 2 kg/mm2. Critical performance requirements of low temperature thermal response and structural response to launch loads and low level dynamic environment will be among the properties of the test article to be demonstrated. . Mirrors for NASA based missions such as Next Generation Space Systems (NGSS) and Space Infra Red Telescope Facility (SIRTF) . Lightweight stiff mirror applications, including high speed tip-tilt mirrors and secondary mirrors for ground based telescope systems, particularly those in a stressing thermal environment. |
| GLOBAL BUSINESS SYSTEMS
23520 Telo Avenue, #4 Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 408-3225
Dr. William S. Chan AF 02-130 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Dynamic Fabry-Perot Tunable Filter for MWIR |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a dynamic Fabry-Perot Tunable Filter (FPTF) capable of being tuned rapidly over the MWIR (medium wave infrared, 2-5 micron) spectral region for multi-spectral imaging and infrared detection. Micromachined out of a silicon wafer, using the so-called MEMS (micro electro-optical mechanical system) technology, the FPTF is a microchip containing an airgap cavity spacing between two partially-reflecting mirrors, one of which is made movable relative to the other, so that the spacing can be changed when a voltage is applied across a series of capacitors disposed around the periphery of the cavity. This spacing will cause an interference between the incident and reflected IR beams within the cavity, resulting in an emerging narrow passband centered at a specific wavelength dependent on the spacing and a bandwidth dependent on the reflectivity of the mirrors. By changing this spacing, the tuning of the cavity can be made to pass any passband within the MWIR in microseconds. When this FPTF is placed in front of an MWIR focal plane array and arranged with suitable IR optics, multi-spectral images will be obtained in the MWIR rapidly. Phase 1 will define the requirements of the FPTF device, design its structure, analyze its dynamic tunability in the MWIR and delineate its fabrication process by micromachining using the MEMS technology. Phase 2 will fabricate and test a breadboard version the FPTF device. Multi-spectral imaging, medical and industrial imaging and sensing. |
| MICROCOATING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
5315 Peachtree Industrial Blvd Atlanta, GA 30341 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(678) 287-2477
Dr. Yongdong Jiang AF 02-130 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Epitaxial ferroelectric thin films for electrooptic devices in the MWIR region via CCVD |
| Abstract: | The rapid pace of development in the fields of optical telecommunications and networks over the past decade has led to an increasing demand for integrated-optic devices that are capable of processing large quantities of information more rapidly than could be done with conventional electronics. In the meantime, the rapid and continued growth of optical applications and devices outside the visible and communication wavelengths for both military and civil applications has also resulted in a need for optical control elements in these wavelength regions, such as in the MidWave InfraRed (MWIR) spectral region. To meet these requirements, ferroelectric thin films are being used to develop new classes of electrooptic components and devices with high optical quality and high electrooptic coefficient. Using its innovative, high volume, low cost and open-air Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) technique, MCT's proposed Phase I program is to deposit dense, epitaxial ferroelectric thin films on single crystal substrates for the applications of dynamic filtering of infrared lights for both military and civil purposes, and to evaluate the chemical, optical and electrooptic properties of these films. An industrial support letter is included. Tunable filters for MidWave InfraRed Radiation are required for industrial, medical and environmental applications for materials processing, inspection, diagnostics and chemical sensing. Successful development of films and devices proposed in this Phase I and a follow-on Phase II effort will result in meeting the market need. Industrial partner has been identified and recruited for this effort. If MicroCoating Technologies triumphs in its product plan, both military and commercial segments would benefit immensely with the availability of a commercially viable production technique. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4139
Dr. William Dorogy Jr. AF 02-131 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Active Thermal Management System (ATMS) for Spacecraft in a MEO and GEO Space |
| Abstract: | Foster-Miller proposes a highly innovative concept for an Active Thermal Management System (ATMS) that is sufficiently robust to allow operation in a space environment for between 15 to 20 years. ATMS is designed to generate a surface exhibiting a constant low absorptance value throughout the solar spectrum and variable emissivity values over the thermal IR region. Impinging sunlight will be efficiently reflected off the surface and thus contribute little or no additional heat to the spacecraft interior. High emissivity values will allow spacecraft heat to be radiated into space, cooling the spacecraft interior. Low emissivity values will reduce or prevent radiative cooling, allowing heat to build up within the spacecraft. Spacecraft internal temperatures can be maintained at a constant level by selecting appropriate intermediate emissivity values. ATMS robustness results because it relies on no moving parts or changes in polymer oxidation states to generate variable emissivity values. Our concept takes proven terrestrial bound technology, modifies it for this application, and hardens it for use in the space environment. We are teamed with a supplier of key thermal materials, a thermal coatings manufacturer, and a spacecraft manufacturer, which will permit rapid demonstration, qualification, and production of products from this program. (P-020201) ATMS can be used as thermal management system for a variety of applications such as external surfaces of buildings, structures, automobiles, trains, planes, etc. ATMS can be used to prevent excessive heat build up during the day, allow radiative cooling at night, and provide heat during cool/cold days. This will significantly reduce the air conditioning and heating requirements of structures to which it is attached. Savings due to these reduced requirements will be realized in the form of lower heating/cooling costs, reduction in energy consumption and dependence. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Prakash B. Joshi AF 02-131 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Materials for Spacecraft Thermal Control Coatings Technologies |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop innovative variable-reflectance polymeric devices with on-demand controllable solar absorptivity (alpha) and IR emissivity (epsilon). The goal of the program (Phase I and II) is to design and demonstrate a prototype device with broadly variable (alpha/epsilon). While there are many potential applications, we will focus on spacecraft thermal control. During the Phase I program we will develop concepts and a model of utility for assessing the electro-optical properties of the concepts. Several devices will be fabricated and utilized for proof-of-concept experiments. A detailed Phase II program plan will also be developed. Successful demonstration of advanced thermal control devices will have a very significant impact on space systems designs. The system we envision will reduce the thermal cycling of the interior of spacecraft. This will significantly extend the life of components and allow a broader range of COTS components to be used. The end result will be more cost effective, longer life satellites. |
| MICROCOATING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
5315 Peachtree Industrial Blvd Atlanta, GA 30341 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(678) 287-3919
Dr. Robert E. Schwerzel AF 02-132 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A NOVEL APPROACH TO THE FABRICATION OF POLYMER-BASED ELECTROOPTIC DEVICES AND SUBSYSTEMS-ON-A-CHIP |
| Abstract: | The proposed research program seeks to develop a totally new methodology for the fabrication of polymer-based electrooptic waveguide devices and subsystems-on-a-chip. These devices are currently produced using conventional spin-coating or dip-coating technology. However, these techniques constrain the selection of polymers for the electrooptic waveguide layer and for the upper and lower cladding layers because of the need to use solvent systems that will not disrupt the previously deposited layers. To avoid having to expose the polymer layers to potentially harmful solvents, we propose to adapt MicroCoating Technologies' (MCT's) patented NanomizerT spray deposition technology for the fabrication of optically clear polymer cladding films. The key feature of the proposed approach is MCT's unique nozzle design that disperses a liquid solution of the polymer (or reactive oligomers) into sub-micron droplets. This allows the solvent to flash-evaporate as the droplets travel toward the substrate, and results in the deposition of a pinhole-free film with minimal solvent exposure to the substrate. In addition, it enables the fabrication of mode-matched waveguides having adiabatic tapers, with graduated thickness and refractive index profiles. To ensure that we will be working with state-of-the-art materials, MCT has established a teaming relationship with the research group of Professor Larry Dalton, a world leader in electrooptic polymer development, for the proposed project. If successful, the proposed project will greatly enhance the selection of polymer materials for each layer of an electrooptic polymer device, and will allow device designers to focus on the key properties of refractive index, conductivity, thermal expansion, and optical quality without having to be concerned with solvent compatibility issues. MCT expects that the successful completion of the proposed Phase I program, together with an anticipated Phase II development program and a subsequent Phase III commercialization program, will enable the development of a variety of polymer-based electrooptic subsystems-on-a-chip. Because these electrooptic polymer materials can be tailored to provide frequency response in excess of 100 GHz with drive voltages below 1V, the resulting polymer-based subsystems-on-a-chip will offer extremely high bandwidth with very low power requirements. They will therefore be well positioned to meet the growing demand for greater bandwidth, lower power, and smaller size for both military and commercial telecommunications and signal processing applications. The resulting products will be able to combine multiple optical and electronic functions on a single chip or wafer, and will have greatly increased robustness as compared to comparable subsystems today, which must be assembled from a number of discrete components. Because MCT's deposition technology provides a unique capability for fabricating the chips we envision, based on the state-of-the art electrooptic polymers developed by Professor Dalton's research group, the proposed project represents a major opportunity for MCT. MCT expects to license its deposition technology to companies that are commercializing Professor Dalton's electrooptic polymers for integrated-optic devices. In 2005, the targeted marketplace is estimated at $23 billion/year. Capturing even a tiny percentage of this market represents a significant opportunity for MCT. |
| PACIFIC WAVE INDUSTRIES, INC.
10390 Santa Monica Blvd.,, Suite 100 Los Angeles, CA 90025 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 229-0099
Dr. Cheng Zhang AF 02-132 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optimization of Polymer Cladding Materials for Polymer-Based Electro-Optic Devices |
| Abstract: | We propose to design and synthesize new polymers that are more conductive than currently used UV-curable polymer at both low and high temperatures (~200 oC ). Low loss, non-UV curable host polymers will also be identified and developed. The more conductive polymers and the host polymers will be blended or covalently incorporated. Thin films and waveguides will be prepared to examine film quality, film resistivity at different temperatures and voltages, as well as dielectric constant and optical loss. During Phase I, the goal is to increase conductivity of cladding materials to a level that is two orders of magnitude higher than that of EO polymers made from PWC proprietary highly active chromophores. At the end of Phase I, working devices will be fabricated using the more conductive polymer blends to demonstrate the enhancement in EO performance. The use of proposed cladding polymer materials with increased conductivity in polymer modulators is expected to enhance a poling efficiency by 35%. That will translate into cost-effective, broadband devices with driving voltages under 3 V that satisfy reliability requirements of telecommunication industry. |
| APPLIED SCIENCES, INC.
141 W. Xenia Ave., PO Box 579 Cedarville, OH 45314 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 766-2020
Dr. Ronald L. Jacobsen AF 02-133 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improved Carbon Nanofiber/Polymer Composites by Low Shear Compounding |
| Abstract: | Carbon nanofiber reinforced polymer composites are anticipated to offer a suite of physical property advantages similar to conventional carbon fiber composites reinforced with PAN- or pitch-based carbon fiber. Early results show high promise for use of carbon nanofibers to enhance the physical properties, including electrical conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, strength, and modulus, of polymer composites. An artifact of high volume methods of production for carbon nanofibers and nanotubes is that fibers are generated in a birdnested form, and are difficult to separate in compounding into a uniform dispersion throughout the matrix polymer. In order to disperse other nanoparticle additives such as carbon black or nanoclays, high shear mixing is frequently used; however, when applied to nanotubes and nanofibers, the aspect ratio of the fibers may be seriously compromised, reducing the reinforcement value of the nanofiber. As a result, the observed physical properties for carbon nanofiber reinforced polymers represent only a small fraction of the values predicted by theory. It is proposed to use methods of low shear processing, low viscosity resins and in situ polymerization to create masterbatch compounds of uniformly dispersed carbon nanofibers where the high aspect ratio of the as-grown carbon nanofiber is preserved. The Air Force has a variety of aircraft and satellite applications that a successfully developed material would find use in. Commercial applications include electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and enhanced thermal management for electronics packages |
| MATERIALS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, LLC
1961 N Springcrest Court Beavercreek, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 426-4398
Dr. Chung-tse Chu AF 02-133 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Conductive Multifunctional Polymer-Nanotube Hybrids |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I research program will develop a processing scheme for producing polymer-nanotube hybrids with significant electrical and thermal conductivity for multifunctional applications. Using carbon nanotubes to impart transport properties to organic polymers requires the nanotubes to form a conductive network in the polymer matrix. To obtain high electrical and thermal conductivity, the Phase I research will focus on achieving uniform dispersion of the choice carbon nanotubes, maintaining their large aspect ratio during processing, and enhancing inter-tube charge transport properties. The processing scheme will be applicable to a wide range of polymers, including thermoplstic, thermosetting, and high-temperature aromatic heterocyclic polymers. The resulting conductive polymer-nanotube hybrid material will have applications in shielding, thermal management, electrostatic discharge, corrosion protection, and electro-optical devices such as photovoltaics. The polymer-nanotube hybrids can be tailored with a wide range of thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties for multifunctional applications in coatings, caulks, sealant, adhesives, fibers, films, sheets, tubes, and large structural components. Potential commercial applications for the conductive nanocomposite material include shielding, charge dissipation, electrostatic painting, corrosion prevention, thermal management, mechanical reinforcement, and electro-optical devices such as photovoltaic solar cells. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Bryan Koene AF 02-133 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multifunctional Thermally and Electrically Conductive Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Hybrid Material |
| Abstract: | Triton addresses the US Air Force need to develop multifunctional polymer nanotube composites and adhesives for aerospace applications requiring high electrical conductivity (EMI shielding for electronic packaging, stealth), thermal conductivity (thermal management), and high strength (structural applications). Nanotube composite research has demonstrated that these materials can theoretically achieve high levels of thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as high strength providing huge reductions in weight over conventional composite systems. Difficulties in achieving substantial nanoparticle dispersion have prevented these materials from achieving these enhanced properties. Triton's nanotube composite research team has developed enabling chemistries and processing methods in which to homogeneously disperse these nanotubes to achieve significant improvements in the properties required to validate them for these applications. These techniques are truly cross platform, and will allow their use over a wide variety of polymer matrices and will result in materials that can be processed by traditional methods such as melt extrusion and spray coating. For the Phase I program, Triton will demonstrate the fabrication of well dispersed carbon nanotube polymer composites, which will exhibit isotropic electrical conductivity greater than 25 S/cm and thermal conductivity greater than 50 W/mK The carbon nanotube composite technology developed by Triton Systems will open the opportunity for applications in many areas. The benefit of electrical conductivity to traditionally poorly conducting or insulating matrices lends their use in many applications such as EMI shielding and thermal management of structural materials. The conductivity may also provide static discharge for fuel system components in the automotive and aerospace industries |
| AUSTRAL ENGINEERING & SOFTWARE, INC.
408 Richland Avenue, Suite 102 Athens, OH 45701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 431-8500
Mr. Enrique A. Medina AF 02-134 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Strategy and Software Environment for Virtual Design and Nondestructive Evaluation Prototyping |
| Abstract: | Austral Engineering and Software, Inc. proposes to develop a strategy and corresponding software for integrating nondestructive evaluation models and simulations through a systems-based approach incorporating optimization-based, computer-aided design tools. Design objectives to be modeled and optimized include damage tolerance, service life, performance and cost. In Phase I, AES will study existing NDE modeling approaches, and will establish methodologies for integrating NDE models with manufacturing process models, design space exploration and optimization algorithms, and multidimensional visualization methods. AES will then define a strategy for virtual design and NDE prototyping that considers product, process, and inspection requirements at all life cycle stages. Phase I will result in a limited proof-of-concept demonstration, and a complete strategy for execution in Phase II and beyond. The integrated design capability expected from Phase II will enable optimal design space exploration for products, manufacturing processes, and NDE methods, to be applied at various stages of a product's life cycle, from conceptual design through economic service life management. This system will allow rapid evaluation and optimization of tradeoffs among multiple, competing design, inspection, maintenance, damage tolerance, and life-extension objectives and alternatives. This approach will reduce development costs by minimizing the need for expensive empirical studies. AES anticipates that the U.S. Air Force, other defense organizations, and their OEMs will benefit from using the products of this effort for optimized life-cycle design of military and commercial products. Results will be commercialized in the form of software applications and related consulting services for NDE and product and process design. |
| NDE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1785 Sourwood Place Charlottesville, VA 22911 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(434) 973-0299
Irving J. Gray AF 02-134 Selected for Award |
| Title: | AF02-134 Virtual Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE): Computational Methods for Virtual Prototyping |
| Abstract: | Assessment of the Requirements for a Virtual NDE Environment and its Integration into a Virtual Design Process The recent advances in NDE modeling provide an opportunity to begin developing a Virtual NDE Environment. There are a number of issue, such as robustness of the NDE models, the availability of appropriate input to the models and the integration of expert knowledge systems that must be at a sufficient level to be used. Similarly the NDE Virtual Environment must have the ability to integrate into the larger Design Environment. We propose to build of significant past experience in NDE model development, Virtual Design Environment development. In this work we propose to complete an assessment of the needs and provide a development framework for realizing the significant potential improvements in productivity, safety, and optimization that these Virtual environments promise. The market applications for Virtual NDE applications is in the millions of dollars annually. All manufacturing processes could benefit from the use of these simulation technologies--minimally anyone currently using CAD/CAM would be a likely customer. With Six Sigma reaching cult status Virtual NDE simulation applications would offer a real world opportunity to dramatically improve the design / manufacturing cycle. Our current experience marketing XRSIM, an X-ray simulation program and our associations with the Center for Non-Destructive Evaluation and other simulation companies uniquely qualifies us to commercialize these sorts of applications. |
| WINTEC, INCORPORATED
220 Eglin Parkway SE, Suite 4 Fort Walton Beach, FL 32548 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(850) 664-6203
Mr. Fred Benedick AF 02-138 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Distributive Processing Techniques For Interconnected Embedded Systems |
| Abstract: | Evolving smart miniature munitions will be carried in large numbers on combat aircraft to enhance operational effectiveness and reduce required missions. Near term carriage and control of these munitions will be primarily via advanced carriage devices (captive dispensers) which adapt multiple munitions to a single MIL-STD-1760 aircraft electrical interface. Maintaining all operational flight program (OFP) functionality for initialization and employment of these stores within the aircraft processing suite is expected to exceed the processing and data bus throughput capacity of some existing platforms, without costly upgrades. By moving some control functionality (within applicable safety and timing constraints) to the dispenser level via either preprogrammed or dynamic distributive processing techniques, such upgrades can be delayed or avoided entirely. WINTEC has already developed a set of "store macro commands" under ongoing programs which execute in the dispenser to reduce aircraft processor and communication bus loading associated with store employment. The proposed effort would build on this previous work to provide a more comprehensive solution to the problem. Specifically, it would investigate store control requirements, develop a model system architecture, define appropriate distributive processing functions, and develop a demonstration system concept and associated plan for a follow-on prototyping/ demonstration program. The technology provided by this program will help eliminate or significantly delay required upgrades for some existing aircraft platforms to effectively employ large loadouts of miniature stores. It also has significant commercial applicability to robotic vehicle, factory automation, and intelligent vehicle/highway systems. |
| SYSTEM DYNAMICS
5346 SW 91st Terrace Gainesville, FL 32608 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(352) 371-8035
Mr. Kevin J. Shortelle AF 02-141 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Micro Air Vehicles for Munition Bomb Damage Indication |
| Abstract: | The U. S. Air Force has identified a need to develop innovative concepts for gathering timely and accurate bomb damage assessment (BDA) information. This information is used by mission planners to quantify the success of an airborne attack, determine the extent of any collateral damage, and ultimately provide information as to whether additional attacks are necessary. One particularly attractive BDA concept involves the use of low-value assets such as micro air vehicles (MAVs) to gather BDA information and transmit this information to applicable ground or airborne platforms. The sensor-equipped MAV would be attached to an air-launched munition and deployed at a pre-determined point along the munition's descent trajectory. Following deployment, the air vehicle would achieve stable flight and proceed to the target area to record the impact event and gather post-impact BDA imagery. The MAV would continue to loiter in the target area and transmit real-time imagery until its on-board power source was exhausted. The focus of this research is to develop implementable hardware and software solutions that enable the use of low-cost, expendable MAVs for BDA missions. Specifically, the research will address: (1) the design, fabrication, and packaging of the munition-deployed MAV, (2) the stability and autonomous guidance and navigation capability of the air vehicle, and (3) the collection and transmission of real-time video imagery from the MAV's on-board sensor. Camera-equipped MAVs have great potential for surveillance and monitoring tasks in areas either too remote or too dangerous to send human scouts. Opera-tional MAVs will enable a number of important missions, including chemical/radiation spill monitoring, forest-fire reconnaissance, visual monitoring of volcanic activity, surveys of natural disaster areas, and even inexpensive traffic and accident monitoring. Additional on-board sensors can further augment MAV mission profiles to include, for example, airborne chemical analysis. As other examples of MAV benefits, consider the following scenarios. The forestry service is interested in tracking wildlife migration patterns within its park; a hiker is lost in the wilderness; people are trapped in trees or on rooftops during flooding, following a major hurricane. In each instance, small UAVs or MAVs, capable of self-stabilized flight, could be deployed to actively search and track motion and/or targets of interest on the ground. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-3949
Mr. Ben Dobson AF 02-142 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Detachable Bomb Pursuit Vehicle (DBPV) for Bomb Damage Assessment |
| Abstract: | The development of low-cost guided munitions has given mission planners a new set of tools to achieve their objectives. These weapons have much greater accuracy than "dumb" iron bombs, but they can still be delivered from aircraft flying safely at high altitudes, and are effective in all weather conditions. Although the munitions are usually successful in such situations, often the methods used to measure their effectiveness are not. Imagery for bomb damage assessment (BDA) is difficult to obtain from high flying aircraft or satellites during bad weather, so additional strikes may be ordered when they are not necessary, reducing the overall efficiency of the weapon system. Foster-Miller proposes an innovative solution to this problem of collecting BDA information for guided weapons. The Detachable Bomb Pursuit Vehicle (DBPV) will provide a low-cost method for the collection of high-resolution pre- and post-impact imagery, gathered from close proximity to the target. The DBPV will ride a host munition toward its target, detach shortly before impact, and follow the bomb into the impact area while collecting and transmitting digital images. In Phase I, Foster-Miller will produce a preliminary design for the DBPV and demonstrate the validity of the flight control concept. (P-020171) At the successful completion of this multi-phase program, the Department of Defense will be able to procure a low-cost modular device, called the Detachable Bomb Pursuit Vehicle (DBPV), that will be used to upgrade existing guided munitions, which will be used in large numbers in future air campaigns. The use of the DBPV will provide high-resolution bomb damage assessment (BDA) images, and data from a variety of other sensors used to characterize targets. This information will prevent the occurrence of unnecessary follow-up strikes, thereby reducing overall costs and risks to aircraft and their crews. The technology developed under this program will also find other applications where low-cost, disposable, self-guided air vehicles are required. Examples include the surveillance of wildlife and habitat in remote areas, the delivery of humanitarian aid to isolated populations, and the resupply of ocean-going vessels from high-flying aircraft. |
| FULL SPECTRUM TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
503 Golfview Dr., Suite 200 San Jose, CA 95127 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 756-1055
Mr. Duane Jensen AF 02-143 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Effects of Internal Weapons Bays on Advanced Munitions |
| Abstract: | The F-22 main internal weapons bay is selected to evaluate its effects on advanced munitions. The Low Cost Autonomous Attack System (LOCAAS) is selected as the "advanced munition", since it contains a seeker, warhead, autonomous target acquitision, antenna , transceiver, signal processor, turbojet engine, and commercial electronics. The Phase I program has three objectives: (1) obtain the F-22 internal weapons bay flow field and acoustic environments over a wide range of Mach/flight conditions, (2) identify LOCAAS critical components, compare to the F-22 acoustic spectra, and provide ROM costs to harden critical components that may fail in the F-22 environment, and (3) complete the conceptual design of a flexible composite flow field/acoustic supressor as an improvement over existing methods. In Phase II, critical LOCAAS components that fail F-22 environments will be tested to failure to understand their capability. Then, the evaluation of safely separating LOCAAS from the F-22 will begin. Advanced munitions, including LOCAAS, are becoming lighter and more complex. These weapons do not have the inertia to simply drop clear of the aircraft. Nor, can the weapons be ejected with more force because the weapon's electronics cannot with stand excessive accelerations. Flexible composites offer substantial volume, weight and cost savings over current designs. These advanced technologies are applicable to air-launched munitions as well unmanned aerial vehicles used for either millitary or civilian purposes, aircraft and underwater vehicles. Application of of flexible composites technology to commercial commuter or private civilian aircraft would provide significant range improvements because the smaller volume that the flexible composite control surfaces provides for a larger fuel tank within existing wing configurations. Race cars and the commercial trucking industry could also use the technology to reduce drag and increase the race car or truck's performance. |
| STAR BRIDGE SYSTEMS, INC.
7651 South Main Street Midvale, UT 84047 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(801) 984-4444
Mr. Jim Yardley AF 02-144 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reconfigurable Computing Applications for Aircraft, Munitions and Dispensers |
| Abstract: | Specialized digital circuitry in weapon systems can be replaced with general purpose chips, FPGAs, whose circuitry is configured and reconfigured through software. This facilitates continual improvement throughout the lifecycle of the weapon system, reduces the range of spare parts required, reduces parts obsolescensce and improves the long-term supportability of the weapon system. There are many requirements for long term support for high tech systems without having to change microprocessors or other circuitry that becomes obsolete within a few years of life. With the advent of reconfigurable logic through the use of field programmable gate arrays, funtions of previous and current design microprocessors and support circuitry can be programmed into the FPGA chips. The problem to date has been the ability to cost effectively program the FPGA chips and utilize the reconfigurability of the chips. Star Bridge Systems has solved this problem by developing a software compiler and FPGA program development tool which makes complete integration of reconfigurable FPGAs into existing and new logic functions a cost effective reality. This technology is applicable to devices ranging from cell phones to supercomputers. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORPORATION
215 Wynn Drive, 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4812
Dr. D. Scott Crocker AF 02-145 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Resolution Simulation of Liquid Jet Ejection and Aerosolization for Chemical/Biological Defense |
| Abstract: | High resolution modeling of the ejection of liquid payloads is needed to compliment and improve the design of weapons that will inject neutralization agents into clouds of hazardous chemical or biological agents. A high fidelity model, which currently does not exist (especially for relatively large diameter jets), is needed to provide accurate prediction of droplet location, size, and velocity distributions near the injection location which will usually have a first order effect on the larger scale distribution of the aerosolized neutralization agent. CFD Research Corporation (CFDRC) will develop such a model through the innovative coupling of several advanced modeling capabilities including: 1) Volume of Fluid (VOF), two-phase enthalpy method, and mesh-embedding technique for modeling the dynamic and turbulent formation of the liquid jet core will be evaluated, 2) aerosolization modeling correlated to the liquid jet turbulence, 3) secondary breakup of the initial droplets, 4) dispersion of the droplet field using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). In Phase I, existing models will be coupled in CFDRC's commercial CFD software, CFD?ACE+, and preliminary validation will be performed. In Phase II, the model will be enhanced by implementing a two-phase LES capability and an innovative two-phase enthalpy model. Experimental data will be collected as necessary to enable much more extensive validation of the model. The final product of this SBIR project will be a commercial quality, high resolution CFD model for the ejection of liquid jets, including liquid jets up to 50 mm or more in diameter. The model will be of benefit to designers of weapons that must inject liquid payloads such as chemical/biological neutralization agents. Another weapons application is the distribution of fuel for thermobaric weapons. The capability is also important for predicting dispersion of hazardous materials released on the ground from either acts of war/terrorism or accidentally. The capability will be coupled with CFDRC's Urban Dispersion Simulator (UDS) software which is of interest to a wide variety of military, civil government, and private organizations. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. William C. Snyder AF 02-146 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Feature Extraction and Shape Reconstruction for SAR to LADAR Target Transfer |
| Abstract: | Laser radar (LADAR) has emerged as one of the key technology candidates for application as a precision weapon terminal seeker. Targets of interest include unplanned targets of opportunity, such as fixed buildings and bunkers, and relocatable and moving targets. To discriminate such targets, a seeker requires a template, based on the target surface shape, that must be constructed from the available information. LADAR can provide an image with three channels of target information, namely a map of range, active reflectance, and passive reflectance and emission. The RF frequency for SAR doesn't provide information about active or passive target emission in the visible, but it can be applied to construct the target surface shape. Accordingly, we investigate how best to construct the 3D target shape from standoff SAR to support LADAR terminal seeker autonomous target acquisition and track. We leverage our experience from the model-based SAR ATR MSTAR program in deriving features from the SAR data and converting these features to suitable 3D surface representations, but the proposed system here will not be an ATR. In particular, we propose to investigate a direct shape reconstruction approach and a shape matching approach. In order to analyze the performance tradeoffs of the different approaches and understand their benefits and limitations, we will perform extensive analysis on available in-house SAR imagery covering a broad range of operating conditions. The technology developed under this program will contribute directly to the overall military objective of improving real time target designation and track for a variety of weapons and targets, and under a variety of conditions. Specifically, extracting 3D information from the SAR signatures will improve rapid targeting of known, unknown, and variable target types in a combat scenario. We anticipate that the signature extraction could be used to automate SAR and LADAR peacetime applications such as treaty compliance assessment and monitoring. |
| MALLTECH, LLC
3733 S. Telegraph Rd. Dearborn, MI 48124 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(248) 788-3900
Mr. V. Fedchun, PhD AF 02-147 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improvement of Penetrator Performance by Increasing/Engineering Case Mechanical Properties |
| Abstract: | The proposal submitted herein is based on prior research into effects of various groups of alloying elements on structure and properties of alpha- and gamma-iron based steels. Developed theory and previously obtained test results indicate that a complex of excellent mechanical characteristics (strength, ductility and fracture toughness) can be achieved in low alloy steels without the need for expensive purification processes (reduction in the level of S, P and other undesirable elements) and / or high levels of Co, Ni, Mo. These properties can be obtained through proper selection of relatively inexpensive alloying elements based, among other factors, on the element's atomic structure, their solubility in iron and their inter-crystalline and inter-phase adsorption activity. The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate that our alloying methodology allows production of relatively inexpensive steel alloys with excellent combination of mechanical properties - tensile strength, ductility, impact strength and fracture toughness, with yield strength and impact strength values within the target ranges of 235-325 ksi and 30-34 Ft-lbs respectively. It is expected that processing characteristics of these alloys will be comparable to common medium-carbon steel grades. Having also low cost, proposed alloys could potentially find wide military and commercial applications. Having low cost and excellent combination of mechanical and processing characteristics, proposed steel alloys could find use in various industries, potentially replacing some of the more expensive grades currently on the market. |
| AUBURN CHEMICAL COMPANY INCORPORATED
2058 Fieldview Drive Auburn, AL 36830 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(334) 826-6500
Mrs. B. T. Neely AF 02-149 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Agent Defeat Short Time Neutralization Data Collection and Modeling |
| Abstract: | This research will provide ability to predict the effectiveness of thermal-based Agent Defeat weapons. Tasks are compilation of previous experimental data, modeling to estimate the time-temperature conditions produced by selected Agent Defeat weapons, the design and evaluation of a test system to determine the extent of spore killing by high temperatures for various short times. The military benefit will be the ability to accurately predict the effectiveness of new thermal Agent Defeat weapons. The commercial benefit will be added ability to design rapid high temperature medical sterilization equipment. |
| Q-DOT, INC.
1069 Elkton Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80907 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 590-1112
Mr. Michael E. Harrell AF 02-150 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Flight Test Receiver and Decoder (FTRD) for Universal Flight Termination System (FTS) (9610) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: Q-DOT proposes to develop a low-cost standard Flight Test Receiver and Decoder (FTRD). The FTRD will fully support RCC 319-99 plus additional range-specific requirements. It will be easy to install and interface to a wide range of munitions. High performance will be attained at low cost by realizing the FTRD as a single integrated circuit in advanced, SiGe BiCMOS technology. Development cost will be minimized by working closely with Q-DOT's Fast Track commercialization partner, The Raymond Engineering Operation of Kaman Aerospace Corporation (Kaman). Kaman is currently developing a Flight Termination Safe and Arm (FTSA) for FTS. Q-DOT will leverage Kaman's FTSA experience while assuring that the FTRD and FTSA are compatible and optimized to complement each other. Together, the FTRD and FTSA form the core of a complete FTS. In Phase I, the FTRD will be conceptually designed to accommodate a broad range of munitions and range-specific requirements while fully complying with RCC 319-99. Since Kaman plans to support our Fast Track application, the FTRD will be substantially developed in Phase II toward certification into production in Phase III. Safety is paramount when handling explosives anywhere. The FTRA (and FTSA) can be employed for safe, remote detonation in mining, blasting and demolition. Police and special forces can safely detonate terrorist bombs. Commercial rocket launches can use the FTRD and FTSA to abort errant launches. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS COMPANY, INC
500 West Cummings Park, Suite 3000 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. Constantino Rago AF 02-151 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Use of Single and Multiple Model Kalman Filter for Independent Fuze Safeing |
| Abstract: | Some of the general purpose bombs in use by the Air Force and Navy (for example the MK80 and M117), are equipped with an air-driven turbine alternator (the FZU-48 produced by Alliant Techsystems). This air-driven turbine alternator has a double function: it provides the electric power to the fuze(s), and also is used as a way to activate the fuze. The air turbine provides power to the fuze only when the bomb is detached from the airplane (lanyard activation) and is traveling at a speed above a given threshold. Nowadays, most general purpose bombs are equipped with a battery that supplies power to all the on-board electronics. Elimininating the air-driven turbine alternator will decrease the bomb drag, as well as reduce the cost, but will require a new system to activate the fuze. The goal of this Phase I effort is to develop a low-cost, reliable fuze activation systems that relies only on pre-existing on-board hardware, and to investigate, via simulation, the performance of such system. The fuze activation system will use information provided by the bomb's navigation system (IMU and GPS) and other existing on-board information, including the lanyard and the number of GPS satellites in-view by the bomb. An Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) Kalman filter, will be used to detect the bomb's free-falling condition from other dynamic situations, including aircraft maneuvers. The following tasks will be performed under the Phase I effort: 1) Obtain dynamic models for the bomb 2) Implement an IMM filtering scheme 3) Compare IMM performance with single Kalman filter decision based schem 4) Develop the necessary logic to include lanyard release and GPS shadowing 5) Simulate the fuze activation system under different conditions 6) Final report and Phase II recommendations For this effort, SSCI has teamed up with Alliant Precision Fuze Company (ATK), a leading company in the manufacturing of electromechanical and proximity fuzes, and the actual manufacturers of the FZU-48 air-driven turbine generator to be replaced by the system here proposed. ATK will provide technical support, data, and evaluation of results during Phase I and II. It will also be an excellent partner for a Phase III commercialization effort. The proposed system will decrease the cost of the bombs, by eliminating the air-driven turbine generator, and it will also reduce the drag of the bomb. By eliminating the dependency of the fuze-activation process on moving parts (air turbine) it has the potential to increase the ruggedness of the whole system. |
| SYSTEM DYNAMICS
5346 SW 91st Terrace Gainesville, FL 32608 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(352) 371-8035
Mr. William R. Graham AF 02-151 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Use of Kalman Filter Residuals for Independent Fuze Safeing |
| Abstract: | The Air Force has long been aware of the importance of safety devices for the warheads of their air-launched weapons. In fact, all modern air-launched weapons include safety and arming (S&A) subsystems which are designed to prevent the weapon from unintentionally arming itself. The FZU-48 air turbine is a critical component of the S&A subsystems currently installed in the Air Force's Mark 80 series of glide bombs. Although the air-turbine has proven itself to be extremely reliable, it suffers from several shortcomings. First, the turbine adds weight and drag to the weapon. Second, the size of the turbine may preclude its use on smaller guided weapons under development by the Air Force (e.g., the small diameter bomb, SDB). In an effort to redress these shortcomings, the Air Force has expressed a desire to develop alternative S&A subsystems which do not include an air turbine. The objective of this proposed research, therefore, is to investigate the feasibility of replacing the air-turbine S&A subsystem with a battery and a novel algorithm designed to exploit information provided by the weapon's GPS, IMU, and Kalman integration filter. The results of this research may lead to the adoption of lower-cost, less-intrusive S&A subsystems. Significant benefits will result from the successful completion of this research. If it can be demonstrated that the air turbine can be replaced with the proposed novel S&A subsystem without sacrificing system reliability, then a significant cost/weight/size savings would be realized for a broad family of air-launched weapons. Potential Phase III users include the Air Force's Small Diameter Bomb (SDB), Joint Advanced Air to Surface Missile (JAASM), Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), and the Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser (WCMD). |
| NVE CORP. (FORMERLY NONVOLATILE ELECTRONICS, INC.)
11409 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(952) 829-9217
Mr. Robert A. Sinclair AF 02-152 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Intraweapon Wireless Communication |
| Abstract: | A novel method of intraweapon communications using magnetic field transmissions along with new very low power Spin Dependent Tunneling (SDT) magnetic sensor receivers will be developed under this program. Normal physical wire communication links cannot be expected to survive during and after target penetration. Therefore, wireless methods of communications must be developed. THE PROMISING methods of communication within the munitions will be studied and evaluated. This includes RF, magnetic and any other method that can be determined feasible during this study. A new technique called Magnet Induction holds promise for small, confined areas in metal canisters AND PENETRATOR BOMB BODIES. NVE Corporation will team with Alliant Techsystems (ATK) as a subcontractor to combine their knowledge in munitions and fuzing systems with NVE's expertise in magnetic sensors, wireless networks (LAN) and high shock recorders to design, model and construct a breadboard model of the most promising technology. Magnet Induction technology will be closely investigated since it is effective over distances up to 3 meters, is low power, uses very small antenna coils/magnetic sensors and can be commercialized for the Personal Area Network (PAN). Both the Military and commercial industry will benefit from this product by being able to comunicate inside munitions during and after impact. Synchronized measurements of events will allow distributed control not possible presently in metalic cylinders. The aerospace, utilities, telecommunications, petrochemical, NRC, EPA, and NASA organizations will benefit from this technology as well as internet appliance producers, automobile and aircraft and cargo monitoring. |
| US POSITIONING GROUP, LLC
Arrowhead Research Park, Box 5040 Las Cruces, NM 88003 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 646-2221
Dr. Steven M. Shope AF 02-152 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Intraweapon Wireless Communication |
| Abstract: | We propose an intra-weapon wireless communications technique for use within hard-target, penetrating weapon systems. Our hardened and robust technique will eliminate the hardwired physical links that are often severed by the tremendous shock loads experienced by these weapons upon impact. We describe a communications system that is based on resonant electromagnetic fields for communications between the weapon sensor suite, attached to the nose of the munition, and the explosive fuzing section, located in tail of the munition. The overall objective of the effort described in this Phase I proposal is to analyze feasibility using finite-element analysis, measurement of explosive electrical properties, development of field couplers for the cavity, development of a communications protocol, and preliminary shock engineering analyses of our design. We foresee markets in safety related applications where high reliability data links are required including automotive crash detection and airbag activation. Additionally, robust links to "black-box" on-board data recorders in a variety of transportation modes will be a valuable use of this technology. Government markets include smart munitions and artillery projectiles. A robust link between aircraft and air-launched weapons will also have market potential. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Joel S. Douglas AF 02-155 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Hypothesis Automated Wireframe Generation |
| Abstract: | Accurate targeting using standoff missiles, such as JASSM, requires automatic target correlation algorithms using significant target features. Wireframe models that describe the significant edges and corners of fixed targets are well suited for this task. Great advances in wireframe construction from stereoscopic imagery have been achieved through the last twenty years of research in computer vision, but significant limitations still exist. Current model construction procedures are human-intensive and time consuming. Existing automated systems create too many spurious objects and incorrect hypotheses that lead to incorrect scene surface topologies, caused by physical phenomena such as surface reflectance, ambient lighting, shadows and occlusions generated by complex scenes. We will make automated wireframe model algorithms truly useful for mission planning platforms by rigorously applying physical and probabilistic models to a wider set of image features. First, we will use a rigorous mathematical treatment of uncertainties to better characterize the data and avoid sensitive heuristics. Second, we will develop new probabilistic, phenomenologically motivated cueing algorithms to distinguish false alarms from targets. Finally, we will enhance algorithms to consider multiple target hypotheses, with a model-based predict and match algorithm to robustly choose among competing hypotheses using predictions of edge, area, and texture features. Our approach will greatly enhance existing algorithms to be robust to confusers such as trees, occluded buildings, shadows, and nearby structures such as roads and parking lots. The resulting system will enable integration with JASSM mission planning platform, and also have clear application to other military systems. For example, NIMA has a great need for automatically generating 3D site models. There are also clear civilian applications, such as robotics, law enforcement, urban planning, and updating the huge geospatial databases built by the Census Department. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
7519 Standish Place, Suite 200 Rockville, MD 20855 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 222-0444
Dr. Chujen Lin AF 02-157 Selected for Award |
| Title: | UWB Synthetic Aperture Radar for All-Weather Target Sensor |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop an algorithm to use the Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for air-to-ground target sensors. The only signals transmitted by UWB radars are very narrow pulses generated pseudo-randomly in time. The pulses we are currently using are « nanosecond in duration and the energy extends approximately from roughly .8 to 3 gigahertz. This broad bandwidth provides a UWB radar huge processing gain, so it is very difficult to jam. Using the motion of the air-to-ground munitions we can combine successive radar scans to form a high-resolution synthetic aperture radar that can image the target area. Because of the low frequency content of TM-UWB signals, they are able to penetrate rain, clouds, smoke, fogs, dust, even foliage and concrete. With UWB there is no carrier frequency, no up-conversion and no down-conversion, and the output stage can be a single transistor which creates a binary pulse, all resulting in decreased radio size, cost, and complexity. The duty cycle of the pulse generated by our current hardware is approximately 1/200, resulting in low power consumption. During Phase I, we will develop, simulate, and test the proposed algorithm for zero-ceiling, zero-visibility target sensor. The primary potential military application for this technology is the all-weather target sensors and detection and identification of obscured objects. Civilian applications include airborne mapping of buried cables, pipelines, and mine shafts. Intelligent Automation, Inc. and our partner, Time Domain Corp., are aggressively working to develop UWB terrain mapping sensors for mine-breaching vehicles, and UWB through-the-wall imaging radar for use by polices, fire fighters, and for use by the military for MOUT operations. The same technology can also be applied to automatic landing and guidance systems for commercial airlines and NASA. |
| MS TECHNOLOGY
7922 Avenida Kirjah La Jolla, CA 92037 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 558-6363
Dr. Saeid Ghamaty AF 02-159 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Heat Removal Device for Munition |
| Abstract: | Advanced Future Munition (FM) as well as chip and board level electronics or optoelectronics will require innovative heat removal solutions to enable them to meet size, weight, power, high reliability, and low cost. Commonly, these approaches are based on efficient 2-D and 3-D arrangements of electronics, often involving "multi-chip modules" (MCMs). As chips are brought closer together, the area/volume power densities and, therefore, heat increases. MS Technology (MST) proposes a new type of heat removal modular device, which could solve electronic packaging problems of the FM and large scale electronic and optoelectronics systems. This new approach removes the generated heat by first converting it to electricity which could be dissipated in a shunt resistor far from the device or supplement the main system power supply. This supplementary power source further increases reliability, reduces cost and weight of the entire system. MST will evaluate and develop conceptual designs for this new device that should provide significant thermal management improvements compared to the thermal management techniques used in heat removal approaches now. MST will conduct proof of concept demonstrations to indicate the practicality of such techniques for use in device electronic systems. A low cost high performance heat removal modular device, will find commercial application in projects of interest to government, industry and academia, especially with respect to commercial applications. It is also possible in certain circumstances to find applications in other domains, where large amounts of dense circuitry can be confined with limited air flow boundary conditions. In view of general smaller satellite requirements (for cooling more high-power, more dense electronics with less costly, lighter weight, and more reliable systems) the potential market for a successful thermal management system is quite large for both the military (DoD), civilian (NASA) and commercial satellite industries. Potential commercial applications of the thermal management component(s)/system and associated technologies developed by this effort include communications and weather satellites and terrestrial thermal management systems, including co-generation applications, and residential, commercial and industrial heating and air conditioning. |
| KAZAK COMPOSITES INCORPORATED
32 Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 932-5667
Dr. Jerome P. Fanucci AF 02-160 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low Cost Pultruded Composite Extendable Joined Wing Range Extension Kit with Advanced Aerodynamic Control Technology |
| Abstract: | Joined, extendable wings provide attractive aerodynamic, structural and packaging characteristics that increase weapon standoff range while requiring comparatively little pre-launch volume. Cost of current joined wing kits is high. Future designs could benefit from more highly automated manufacturing technology and more sophisticated control concepts. The proposed pultrusion process is ideally suited for making low cost, high strength, low signature, high aspect ratio composite wings that will not corrode during storage. Simple modifications to deployment linkage geometry of the joined wing will take advantage of underutilized storage space on the weapon, allowing increased wing span and aspect ratio compared to current technology, resulting in improved aerodynamic efficiency (L/D) and greater standoff range. Differential motion of wing deployment mechanisms can be used to provide vehicle pitch and roll control, eliminating two separate actuators and flight surfaces, enhancing reliability while reducing cost and weight. In Phase I, KaZaK will develop and demonstrate a pultrusion-based technique for making low cost twisted composite airfoils. We have teamed with Dynetics, a firm having considerable experience in design and testing of deployable wings, to perform the aerodynamic modeling of this concept. In Phase II we anticipate preforming full scale wind tunnel and flight testing of the system. Upon completion of Phase I and II, KCI will have designed, demonstrated and flight tested a next generation extendable wing kit that includes low cost pultruded composite twisted airfoils and differential wing motion for pitch and roll control. The resulting system should be considerably smaller, lighter, more reliable and less expensive than the current generation of deployable wings for extended range weapons. Increasing emphasis on use of smart weapons to reduce crew exposure in the high risk environment in the area immediately surrounding targets suggests that the demand for kits of the proposed type will represent an increasingly large market in the future. The enhanced performance derived from the proposed system improvements should position KCI as a leading supplier of next generation kits to weapons system primes and directly to the military. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Mr. Guy Rossi AF 02-160 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Cost Effective Materials and Manufacturing for Range Extension Wing Kits |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to design, fabricate, test, and demonstrate low cost through technical cost modeling, the feasibility of an Advanced Thermoforming Technology AT2 manufacturing method for the production of range extension wing kits. The AT2 approach is expected to provide a factor of two reduction in cost for these wing kits through the application of low cost tooling, high performance/cost ratio materials and the sophisticated application of cost modeling tools. Triton Systems has teamed with Leigh Aerosystems, a leading supplier of range extension wing kits, and Ibis Associates, the leading cost analysts for composite production. The proposed Phase I program will trade-study the candidate composite materials and processes, demonstrate the fabrication of a Leigh Aerosystems "Longshot" composite wing, and validate the structural performance of the prototype wing. The U.S. Air Force needs to develop lower cost materials and manufacturing methods for winged autonomous munitions to allow broader fielding of the range extension kits, and to improve maneuverability, impact accuracy, standoff distance and pilot safety. To reach cost ratios that support extensive fielding, the program goal is for production costs to be reduced by as much as a factor of two. The successful completion of the Phase I program will result in the identification of the optimum manufacturing approach (materials, molding processes and assembly) for the production of range extension wing kits. The trade study will evaluate the sensitivity of the cost of selected manufacturing approaches to mass reduction, production volume and airframe weight. The total cost model results will include predicted total unit production, and a breakdown of contributing cost elements. The prototype wing will be validation tested to show structural feasibility. Leigh Aerosystems has indicated interest in commercializing the composite wing that results from this program. Several other producers of standoff weapons will be approached with successful results from Phase I seeking interest in composite wings produced by the AT2 low-cost method. Triton envisions licensing the AT2 technology to composite fabricators or spinning-off a company to provide AT2-produced wings and other composite parts for the munitions markets. The successful completion of the Phase I program will result in the identification of the optimum manufacturing approach (materials, molding processes and assembly) for the production of range extension wing kits. The trade study will evaluate the sensitivity of the cost of selected manufacturing approaches to mass reduction, production volume and airframe weight. The total cost model results will include predicted total unit production, and a breakdown of contributing cost elements. The prototype wing will be validation tested to show structural feasibility. Leigh Aerosystems has indicated interest in commercializing the composite wing that results from this program. Several other producers of standoff weapons will be approached with successful results from Phase I seeking interest in composite wings produced by the AT2 low-cost method. Triton envisions licensing the AT2 technology to composite fabricators or spinning-off a company to provide AT2-produced wings and other composite parts for the munitions markets. The successful completion of the Phase I program will result in the identification of the optimum manufacturing approach (materials, molding processes and assembly) for the production of range extension wing kits. The trade study will evaluate the sensitivity of the cost of selected manufacturing approaches to mass reduction, production volume and airframe weight. The total cost model results will include predicted total unit production, and a breakdown of contributing cost elements. The prototype wing will be validation tested to show structural feasibility. Leigh Aerosystems has indicated interest in commercializing the composite wing that results from this program. Several other producers of standoff weapons will be approached with successful results from Phase I seeking interest in composite wings produced by the AT2 low-cost method. Triton envisions licensing the AT2 technology to composite fabricators or spinning-off a company to provide AT2-produced wings and other composite parts for the munitions markets. |
| SURFACE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
P.O. Box 1027 Glen Burnie, MD 21060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 332-0633
Dr. Timothy J. Langan AF 02-163 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of Structural Explosives for Low Collateral Damage (LCD) Warheads |
| Abstract: | Surface Treatment Technologies (ST2) proposes development of innovative structural explosive material systems based upon formation of structural nano-grained reactive alloys formed via electron-beam physical vapor deposition and magnetron sputtering (EB-PVD/MS). EB-PVD/MS has been developed as a method of rapidly forming nano-grained structures with a high degree of functional gradations throughout a structure. These include the ability to form a structural component comprised on repeating layers of reactive metals. Using the precise control of EB-PVD/MS, ST2 will develop a family of reactive metal systems with varying degrees of thermal reactivity, density, structural properties, and ignition requirements. This new family of structural reactive materials will expand the customer capabilities to address the wide range of threat targets currently available. Phase I will verify that EB-PVD/MS structures will function in this manner, while Phase II will generate specific shapes/configuration for customer demonstration and end-use applications. Specific Phase I activities include: 1) determining the optimum deposition conditions for multi-layered reactive alloy, 2) developing data for thermal reactive capabilities of multi-layered reactive alloy, 3) evaluating shock initiation capabilities of the multi-layered reactive alloy, 4) developing basic structural/mechanical property data for multi-layered reactive alloy, and 5) identify concepts for producing prototype fuze wells and warhead cases. Controlled energy release through combination of explosive and thermal energy with a high degree of tailorability. Commercial application include demolition/construction, rapid cutting for field repair, oil/gas drilling, environmental site remediation. |
| NOVA RESEARCH, INC.
320 Alisal Road, Suite 104 Solvang, CA 93463 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 693-9600
Mr. Mark A. Massie AF 02-166 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Conversion of the FGA "Variable Acuity" Array from Visible to Infrared |
| Abstract: | Perhaps the most computationally-advanced focal plane array (FPA) that has ever been designed for Air Force applications has been developed and is in the testing phase at Nova Research, Inc. The "Variable Acuity" imaging portion of Nova's "Focal Geometric Array" (FGA) is a two-dimensional superpixel-based imaging array that incorporates real-time programmability of the spatial configuration of the visible imager. This Phase I effort will produce design modifications to the existing variable acuity imaging chip design to operate cryogenically as a high speed, high resolution, large format infrared FPA. Two ROIC designs will be produced from this Phase I effort: (a) A ROIC that will support a commercially available single-color 320 x 256 MWIR InSb detector array, and (b) A second ROIC that will accommodate an available dual color MWIR/LWIR detector array to be identified. The following Phase II program will concentrate on the fabrication, testing and integration of the fully functional Infrared Variable Acuity device. The resulting infrared device will be used in a variety of applications requiring wide fields of view and extremely high frame rates without loss of spatial resolution on targets. In so doing, Nova will continue to advance the state-of-the-art in biomimetic infrared sensing technology. The resulting device will provide capabilities heretofore unavailable with infrared imaging devices that are uniquely suited to missile seeker applications. |
| VERITAY TECHNOLOGY, INC.
4845 Millersport Highway, P.O. Box 305 East Amherst, NY 14051 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 689-0177
Mr. Randy Salizzoni AF 02-166 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Payload Expulsion for Hardened-Target Penetrators |
| Abstract: | Hardened targets such as tunnels, underground facilities and bunkers are among the highest priority targets in certain countries that have adversarial relationships with the United States. A goal for future munitions is to either destroy the facilities and their contents or to deny access and routine use of the facilities while minimizing collateral damage. Rather than using an overwhelming high explosive payload, future munitions will use sophisticated fusing and payload concepts to systematically and surgically accomplish agent defeat and/or facility denial objectives. Future munitions will consist of a payload contained in a casing strong enough to penetrate a hardened facility. After entry, the payload elements must be expelled from the casing and the defeat or denial mechanisms activated. The proposed Phase I program will be devoted to formulation and feasibility demonstration of a concept for expelling payload from a hard target munition based on fuze-generated information. The primary goal of payload expulsion is to minimize the residual payload velocity relative to the targeted void space within the fixed hardened facility. The proposed effort will involve computer code development, simulation and experimental development work. The concepts formulated and developed during the proposed program may be incorporated into ammunition designed to attack hardened targets with minimal collateral damage. Potential commercial uses include cro wd or criminal control devices. |
| SILICON DESIGNS, INC.
1445 NW Mall Street Issaquah, WA 98027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 391-8329
Mr. John C. Cole AF 02-167 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Miniature Initiation System Technology (MIST) |
| Abstract: Abstract not available... | |
| VOXTEL INC.
2640 SW Georgian Place Portland, OR 97201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(503) 421-4389
Mr. George M. Williams AF 02-168 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Single-pulse, Infrared Imaging Spectropolarimic Ladar Seeker |
| Abstract: | Voxtel Inc. proposes to optimize a novel and robust real-time, single-pulse, computed tomographic imaging infrared spectropolarimic ladar (CTIIRSPL) that acquires full multispectral and polarization information for all points within the FOV with high-resolution range and range resolved intensity images for detection and identification of difficult targets. The Voxtel CTIIRSPL system is integrated with a tunable, multispectral and polarimetry capability, operating in the eyesafe SWIR & MWIR (1 to 5 micron)spectral bands, which is less susceptible than the NIR to battlefield obscurants and more responsive to target reflections than the LWIR. A powerful, yet flexible, signal processor and target classifier, using newly available signal processing architectures, will be integrated with the system. Demonstration and validation in the FastTrack Phase II effort will lead to a miniaturized, monolithic architecture, which will be optimized for a variety of military and commercial applications. This work is applicable in target recognition and navigation in civil and industrial applications. Other applications benefiting from the innovation includes: intelligent robots, medical imaging, surveillance, remote sensing, mapping synthetic structures, and other active imaging applications. |
| ATHENA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 331-1068
Dr. Ben Motazed AF 02-169 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Navigation Solutions by Terrain Imaging |
| Abstract: | Athena Technologies, Incorporated (Athena) and Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute (CMU) propose to exploit use of visual odometry capabilities via real-time computer vision, to augment inertial sensors, 3D magnetometer and GPS to determine the velocity, position and attitude of a missile or unmanned air vehicle. The proposed architecture exploits the excellent performance Athena has demonstrated to date with the GuideStar system, which provides a full navigation and attitude solution from a 16 state nonlinear extended Kalman filter, using low grade MEMS technology inertial sensors. This proposal will explore augmenting of this navigation/attitude solution by incorporating CMU's visual odometry signals that are the processed output from digital imaging of local terrain video. With this additional sensing modality, the navigation and attitude solution stands a good chance of improved performance under GPS outage conditions. Athena foresees a large potential market in the application of vision-based flight control systems to both military unmanned and general aviation air vehicles. Vision-based FCS will enable autonomous obstacle managment for autonomous docking, perching and landing on runways in visible, IR or active SAR spectrum. |
| MTL SYSTEMS, INC.
3481 Dayton-Xenia Rd. Dayton, OH 45432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 426-3111
Mr. R. K. Hill AF 02-169 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Navigation Solutions by Terrain Imaging |
| Abstract: | MTL and Ball Aerospace present a revolutionary method of processing image sensor information, to aid an inertial measurement unit's stability and navigation functions. SPREE fuses optical flow techniques with an extremely rapid, accurate image registration process developed under National Reconnaissance Office and AFRL/IF programs. The rapid registration process transforms the image-processing problem into a signal-processing domain, where real-time image registration techniques reveal egomotion states. The innovative optical flow algorithms optimize the egomotion estimation accuracy. The Phase I Objectives are (1) Define requirements, to lay the groundwork for testing feasibility and to produce a preliminary requirements specification, (2) Implement, test, and assess SPREE Concepts, to build, evaluate and demonstrate a SPREE prototype and determine functional and performance feasibility, (3) Produce a preliminary proof-of-principals (POP) design for Phase II, by refining and supplementing the prototype, and (4) Assess commercialization potential, to determine SPREE market potential and produce a preliminary commercialization (product) plan. The Phase I results will be (a) experimental test and analysis results forming the feasibility assessment, (b) a Phase II preliminary POP design, (c) an initial product plan, and (d) a prototype and its demonstration, to explicitly prove SPREE feasibility to AFRL, users they support, and commercial interests. SPREE can process vehicle-based imaging sensor output to support military navigation, reconnaissance, tactical and strategic operations, and real-time targeting, as well as commercial navigation, environment monitoring, geological exploration, and weather monitoring, to name but a few applications. By solving the real-time image registration problem as well as the navigational/stability update problem, SPREE will provide an ability to automatically and accurately track location in a surrounding environment, independent of the particular environment features, is of great importance to government and commercial enterprises alike. SPREE can provide the ability to navigate locally in GPS "dead zones," to benefit military, commercial or private navigation alike. A strong commercial opportunity is a completely passive, undetectable vehicle speed detector, which could replace expensive and detectable radar or laser traffic speed sensors with a low-cost alternative to expensive, current systems. |
| POSITRONICS RESEARCH LLC
127 East Gate Dr., Suite 203 Los Alamos, NM 87544 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 661-4949
Dr. Lester E. Thode AF 02-170 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Virtual Positron Experiment |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to establish the feasibility of a virtual-positron experiment by demonstrating the viability of large-scale, three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation to understand antimatter confinement experiments. The virtual positron experiment is a numerical approximation of an antimatter experiment, including the experimental diagnostics. The success of such a systematic computational approach towards understanding experiments has been previously demonstrated. Three-dimensional thermal plasma simulation is extremely computer intensive, but feasible with parallel computation. Fortunately, extraordinary improvements in microprocessors, memory, buses, networks, and software now make it possible to group inexpensive personal computers together to form a distributed parallel cluster. To date, three-dimensional PIC simulation running on a Linux cluster has not been applied to the antimatter confinement problem. The opportunity to incorporate such large-scale simulation technology into the antimatter confinement program will increase the ability to understand the physics of first-generation high-energy-density experiments, which will ultimately lead to successful design of more complex experiments. More importantly, such simulation technology could lead the way to potential breakthroughs in antimatter confinement. The deliverable will be a final report that includes a description of the cluster design, the PIC model, and the verfication simulation results. A low mass system containing hundred's of MJ's of energy for long periods of time has many potential commercial applications. Advanced computational technology combined with distributed parallel clusters will provide the basic design capability for such commercial applications. For example, a Positron Energy Conversion (PEC) ramjet or turbojet, with up to a 30 day flight time, would impact weather surveys, population, fire, agriculture and pollution studies, as well as land and marine assays. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Erik C. Sobel AF 02-171 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Biomimetic Range Sensor for Autonomous Air Vehicles |
| Abstract: | A novel biomimetic range sensor is described which offers improved guidance, navigation and control capabilities and enhanced situational awareness for autonomous air vehicles. Inspired by the motion detection algorithm found in the visual systems of flying insects, the sensor images the surrounding environment and extracts motion parallax which can be used to compute the range to nearby surfaces, targets and obstacles. The sensor is well suited to deployment on an autonomous air vehicle such as a tactical unmanned air vehicle, TUAV or autonomous munitions. By providing fast high resolution range information the sensor can be used to provide targeting or obstacle avoidance capability or used to direct sensor resources to regions of interest for high resolution, foveal inspection. In addition to improving guidance, navigation, and obstacle avoidance for autonomous air vehicles and smart munitions, the biomimetic range sensor described below can be applied to both manned and unmanned ground vehicles. It can be used to provide 3D vision capability for industrial robots in manufacturing and to monitor sensitive facilities in security applications. In consumer automobiles. The sensor can be used to rapidly measure the range to obstacles and other vehicles, for example, it could warn of insufficient braking distance to a car ahead. In this capacity it would be useful for the Department of Transportation's Intelligent Highway Project. It could also be used to warn of children or obstacles behind a car or truck which is backing up. Unlike sonar based detectors for these applications it is not sensitive to jamming and unlike laser radar systems it poses no eye-safety hazards. For autonomous ground based vehicles the sensor can provide the same guidance and navigation capability as proposed for autonomous air vehicles. The sensor can also be used in stationary applications such as providing 3D vision for industrial robots or used to monitor and track approaching vehicles or people in automated security applications for airports and other sensitive facilities. |
| BUSEK CO. INC.
11 Tech Circle Natick, MA 01760 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 655-5565
Dr. V. Hruby AF 02-175 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Air Breathing Electric Propulsion for Aerospace Vehicles |
| Abstract: | All aerospace vehicles, aircraft and spacecraft, are designed to function at an altitude below 30 km or above 150 km respectively. Above 30 km, an aircraft's propulsion system encounters combustion limits and below 150 km a spacecraft encounters atmospheric drag that leads to rapid reentry. A propulsion system that could function adequately in at least a portion of the intervening altitudes would enable new type of aerospace vehicles capable of performing missions inaccessible with the present state of the art technology. To avoid the combustion limit and the need to carry propellant we propose the development of an air-breathing, electric thruster (ABET). Proof of concept experiments performed under conditions that approximate upper edges of the atmosphere, have confirmed that the ABET propulsion is feasible. In Phase I we propose to establish performance and operating requirements for such propulsion system and a thruster, based on representative aerospace vehicle requirements. These requirements and data, from additional experiments, will be used to design a new ABET to be built and tested in Phase II in our existing facilities. Aerospace Corporation will support Busek by developing the ABET performance requirements based on hypothetical mission scenarios. Successful development of a propulsion system that can maintain an aerospace vehicle at an altitude of 100 km for extended period of time would revolutionize, communications and earth observation/military surveillance. Such vehicles, or those at lower altitude and lower speed, would take over many roles currently filled by spacecraft or aircraft, and have the potential for much lower cost. |
| ELECTRO ENERGY, INC.
30 Shelter Rock Road Danbury, CT 06810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 797-2699
Mr. MARTIN KLEIN AF 02-175 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Aero Propulsion and Power Technology, New Hydrogen Storage Electrodes |
| Abstract: | This proposal is directed at research and development of an advanced battery based on nickel-metal hydride chemistry with an improved hydrogen storage material for the battery anode in place of the usual metal hydride alloy. The goals for the new material will be to store large amounts of hydrogen, and operate at high rates and low temperature. Implication is for a reduction of the weight of the anode electrode by up to 50%, which presently use materials including the LaNi5-type hydrogen storage anode alloy and yields a theoretical upper bound energy density of 215 Watt hours per kilogram. The EEI project would include evaluating the new material as a plastic-bonded electrode made by an EEI patented process and testing it in EEI's patented bipolar wafer cell design. Test cells of a 3" x 3" size will be used for the initial screening. CONSUMER BATTERIES; ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLES; AIRCRAFT BATTERIES; STARTING, LIGHTING AND IGNITION (SLI) BATTERIES |
| HYPER TECH RESEARCH INC.
110 E. Canal St. Troy, OH 45373 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 332-0348
Mr. Michael Tomsic AF 02-175 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of Low AC Loss Coils for Superconducting Generators and Transformers |
| Abstract: | New high power airborne and mobile military systems will require megawatts of electrical power produced by very lightweight power sources. The majority of these new systems will require multi-megawatts of power and require very high load voltages. Superconducting technology can allow generators that weigh as little as 20% of room temperature generators, and very light high voltage transformers. While BSCCO and YBCO coated conductors are being considered for generators and transformers at 20K, the AC loss characteristics of these conductors are not ideal. In January 2000 it was announced that magnesium diboride compound is superconducting up to 39 K. Our present properties of magnesium diboride wires in the 20-30 K range in magnetic fields up to 2 tesla appear ideal for superconducting generators and transformers. We have also demonstrated a magnetic shielding approach that can result in a significant reduction of AC losses. This proposal explores the optimizing of multifilament magnesium diboride wire with regard to AC losses, and demonstrating that the wire can be made into the types of coils that would be used in superconducting generators and transformers By accelerating the development of a low cost, low AC loss magnesium diboride wire, commercial applications for superconducting transformers, open MRI, generators, and motors will implemented sooner in the marketplace. |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-4980
Dr. Larry P. Goss AF 02-175 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Framing Rate Flow Imaging System |
| Abstract: | The proposed program is directed toward the development of a high-framing rate quantitative flow imaging system, with potential application to a wide variety of optical diagnostic techniques for reacting and nonreacting flows. The system is based around a novel "burst-mode" laser and a companion MHz frame rate CCD camera. The particular emphasis of the proposed Phase I program is to 1) extend the flexibility of the MHz imaging system by building an optimized optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to be pumped by the burst-mode laser, and 2) to demonstrate the utility of this OPO for MHz rate Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of the CH radical, an important combustion intermediate species. The Phase II program would build upon this demonstration and design novel ways of attaining high-framing rate measurements of the 2D velocity field, using techniques such as Planar Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) and Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), as well concentration measurements of other transient combustion species (e.g., OH, C2, etc.). The proposed quantitative high-framing-rate flow imaging system will provide unique capability for multidimensional scalar and velocity measurements in high speed, reacting flows. The proposed system has the potential to perform modern optical diagnostic measurements at Mhz rates. |
| ORMOND, LLC
1505 Central Avenue, South Kent, WA 98032 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(253) 854-0796
Mr. Daniel G. Alberts AF 02-175 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low Cost Flexible Method of Manufacturing Scramjet Engine Panels |
| Abstract: | This Phase I program will result in the availability of a reduced cost interim SCRAMJET engine panel manufacturing method to support current test/demonstration engine manufacturing phases of the HyTECH (Hypersonic Technology) Program. It will increase engine design options, provide a demonstration of the technical and economic feasibility, and lay the groundwork for implementing a needed new and novel manufacturing process to support future production engine orders. It is anticipated that the successful completion of the proposed Phase I and Phase II programs will result in a 90% panel production cost reduction from the current $76,000 per engine set. Ormond, LLC utilizes novel experimental abrasive waterjet tooling and processes to manufacture SCRAMJET ground demonstration engine cases with integral heat exchanger grooves. The proposed program addresses the advancement of the technology to make it feasible for economical machining of SCRAMJET panels. Although Ormond is currently capable of manufacturing acceptable engine case components in the laboratory, additional development work is required to advance current capabilities to derive a reliable, low cost manufacturing method and to increase the engineering design options that are available to advance the SCRAMJET engine technology in general. It is anticipated that the successful completion of the proposed Phase I and Phase II programs will result in a 90% panel production cost reduction from the current $76,000 per engine set. Commercialization success is a high probability due to current support from the Pratt & Whitney Propulsion Group. The currently available manufacturing methods are economically and technically limited to the point of destroying the feasibility of the SCRAMJET concept. The proposed technology overcomes these limitations. A second aerospace application that has been successfully demonstrated using the technology is the machining of Channel Wall Combustors in commercial and defense rocket engines. Next generation Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) technology requires a cost effective method of machining a complex pattern of grooves in combustor liners. This application is a good fit for the ABMACH technology developed in the proposed program, but requires different adaptations of the tooling and process concepts. The development of ABMACH SCRAMJET and channel wall combustor machining technology adaptations in parallel is an excellent example of technology cross-cutting, where although each application has discrete requirements, the individual development of each supports the other. This is a dual use technology that will be commercialized in commercial and defense industries to support PEM fuel cell, heat exchanger and many others that depend on the availability of an economic method of creating grooves in difficult to machine materials. |
| POWDERMET INC.
9960 Glenoaks Blvd, Unit A Sun Valley, CA 91352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 768-6420
Mr. Andrew Sherman AF 02-175 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Aero Propulsion and Power Technology |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR program will demonstrate the production of high temperature, high saturation inductance magnet materials and power converter circuit designs for directed energy laser power supplies. Powdermet will manufacture and characterize a series of articicially structured metallic magnets with controllable permeabilities and low losses at 300 C. These insulating ferromagnetic heterostructures resolve temperature limitations of ferrites enabling high efficiency directed energy power supplies to be produced and used without excessive cooling requirements. The proposed high temperature, tailorable permeability magnet materials will resolve performance limitations in directed energy power supplies. Commercial applications in induction motors, switch-mode power supplies,and fast selenoids will benefit from the technology. |
| RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS
4325-B Forbes Blvd Lanham, MD 20706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 580-0080
Mr. John Kline AF 02-175 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Magnetohydrodynamic Power Extraction in High Speed Flows using Nonequilibrium Ionization |
| Abstract: | Research Support Instruments, Inc. (RSI), with the aid of Princeton University, proposes to use non-thermal ionization of high-speed flows to achieve the first-ever demonstration of nonequlibrium magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power extraction for use onboard an aircraft. MHD power generation has been identified as a method of increasing the electrical power available for onboard systems, including directed energy weapons. Conventional high temperature seeded MHD methods are very problematic for flight speeds of less than Mach 12, because the temperature is simply insufficient at those Mach numbers, but non-thermal ionization is an attractive alternative. Electron beams are much more efficient at generating ionization than other conventional (electric field-generated) approaches. RSI will use highly innovative large area electron beam window arrays to provide a conduction path in a wind tunnel MHD channel as a Phase I proof of principle, while Princeton will provide modeling capabilities, as well as a Mach 5 wind tunnel facility equipped with a 6 Tesla superconducting magnet. Together, RSI and Princeton can provide the unique opportunity to model aerothermodynamic performance, vehicle scaling, and external flowpath, while also immediately demonstrating proof-of-principle of the concept of non-thermal ionization in high speed MHD power extraction. Non-thermal ionization in MHD flows provides a promising solution for aircraft applications, but a rapid proof-of-principal program is needed to move the technology forwards towards maturity. The target market will be strike and space access vehicles with high-power systems like directed energy weapons or plasma augmentation technologies. In addition, large area, low energy electron beams will provide solutions for safe, portable chemical and biological decontamination. |
| CONVERGENCE ENGINEERING CORP.
1638 Finch Drive Gardnerville, NV 89410 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(775) 782-7227
Dr. Rory R. Davis AF 02-176 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improved Composite Duct Design for Increased Safety Margin or Weight Reduction |
| Abstract: | Practical methodologies will be developed to efficiently design nonlinear composite ducts and panels with large anomalies and cutouts for buckling. The analysis system to be devised will be automated and integrated into the ANSYS finite element code using its macro language capabilities, including optimization with parameterized shell and solid models of subject composite duct systems. Important features to be included in the analysis system are 1) geometric nonlinearity of panels due to initial or load induced curvature, and 2) buckling and snap-through. There is an opportunity here to improve the tools to expedite such design, to encourage the use of modern tools in general, and to greatly improve accuracy compared to commonly used approaches. Improved accuracy is absolutely critical to more optimized and lighter weight designs of composite structures being implemented for the good of the military and the nation. The tools to be developed under this project will also be useful for non military and non government applications, wherever composite structural optimization (and not just panels) is desired to minimize cost in concert with maximizing robustness. After the initial development, the analysis system will be readily adaptable to additional finite element codes besides ANSYS. |
| AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY & SERVICES INC.
11311 Cornell Park Drive, Suite #124 Cincinnati, OH 45242 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 469-6789
Dr. Eike Richter AF 02-177 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Onboard Power and Cooling Solutions |
| Abstract: | The proposed effort will research development of an onboard 1 MW auxiliary power unit (APU) and cooling capability for installation on heavy aircraft. One important objective is that the total package that includes a generator, a prime mover, and an auxiliary compressor to weigh no more than 1400 lb. Such a solution does not currently exist. Development of technical objective is to be carried out employing a systems approach, keeping a focus on complete integration of all components, and balancing the impact of the APU on the current propulsion system. This innovation, once developed, could provide a lightweight, scaleable enabling power supply and cooling capability for special applications including countermeasures and directed energy weapons (DEW). All four major turbine engine companies have endorsed the effort (pp. 18-19) and are a part of the team. A direct benefit of this research will be development of a lightweight, optimized APU for the Air Force DEW activities. USAF has focused much of its attention on high-energy lasers (HEL) and high power microwave technologies (HPM), and regards the two as complementary to each other. In addition to destroying missiles, infrared countermeasures is another near term application for HEL. The development of sophisticated missile seekers able to discern between flares and target aircraft has prompted the Air Force to seek solutions that damage the missile seeker rather than simply jamming it. Similar DEW efforts are underway with the US Navy's mid-infrared advanced chemical laser (MIRACL) and the Army's nautilus/tactical HEL system. The approach for this research effort is to develop a lightweight and modular APU design that can be readily scaled up or down. It is likely that the turbine powered APU could provide a modularized power source for DOD's DEW and countermeasures activities, be it airborne, sea, or land based. As these first generation weapons yield to more compact, powerful and affordable 2nd and 3rd generation systems, we replace bullets/missiles with microwave and photon. |
| INNOVATIVE POWER SOLUTIONS, LLC
22 Meridian Road, Suite 3 Eatontown, NJ 07724 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 544-1075
Mr. Scott Jacobs AF 02-177 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Onboard Power and Cooling Solutions |
| Abstract: | A power and cooling system, that could be installed on heavy aircrafts to support special applications including countermeasures and directed energy weapons is desirable. A continuous electrical output of one megawatt of 3 phase, 110 VAC at 400 Hz, in addition to 800 lbs/min of pressurized air at 50 psia, are required. An added benefit of this system is that it could serve as an auxiliary power unit on the ground, making the aircraft independent of any ground support equipment or generators driven by the main engine. The requirement to supply electrical power and cooling air on the ground and in the air, dictates that the system needs to perform from sea level to 40,000 ft altitude. Since this system is airborne, size and weight should be minimized to 1400 lbs. Innovative Power Solutions is proposing to explore among other options, a megawatt generator which is driven by a power turbine. The turbine can supply compressed air required for cooling in addition to driving the generator. A power system that will meet the requirements of this solicitation will enable heavy large aircrafts to operate out of remote fields, carry directed energy weapons and serve in both transportation and offensive roles. The effort described in this proposal has a significant opportunity for commercialization in both the commercial and military markets. The anticipated military application of these technologies is future insertion into heavy aircrafts with large cooling and power demands, or as a mobile electric power station that could power temporary bases away from home. The commercial market includes standby and mobile electrical power generation sources that could also supply cooling capabilities. |
| STEWARD DAVIS INTERNATIONAL INC.
14705 Aetna Street Van Nuys, CA 91411 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 787-0146
Mr. Stanley W. Epstein AF 02-177 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Onboard Power and Cooling Solutions |
| Abstract: | Problem: Provide lightweight on board capability installed in heavy aircraft to generate 1000KVA electricity and 800lbsm/min of pressurized air at 50psia. Fuel cell technology is insufficiently mature for this purpose. System options: 1). Single turbo shaft engine/generator(s) combined with load compressor(s) sized to requirements. 2). Multiple turbo shaft engines (2 or more) driving synchronized generators and load compressors sized to requirements. 3). Multiple light weight (2 or more) turbo shaft engines with supplemented airflow at altitude (supercharged) driving synchronized generators and load compressors sized to requirements. 4). Integrated single shaft engine generator(s) as represented by SAE Paper 981281coupled with single or multiple load compressor(s). Each option includes: 1). Analysis and selection of optimum generators matched to available shaft power. 2). Develop methodologies for mating generator(s) and load compressor(s) to selected engines. 3). System integration and packaging i.e. enclosures, ducting, control system, fire suppression etc. and provision for delivering electrical power and pressurized air to the aircraft systems. 4). Weight reduction by modifying aircraft system components. Best value candidate(s) will be identified during first month. Research activity at SDII is underway. Best value candidate(s) concepts refined and developed during balance of Phase I. Anticipated Benefits: The technologies developed will provide an independent dedicated source of electric power and pressurized air for aircraft systems whether the aircraft itself is on the ground or airborne. The components of the system to be developed for continuous operation can be optimized for maximum efficiency. A separate system for electric power and pressurized air adds to overall aircraft system redundancy-enhancing safety. Aircraft performance increases, if only minimally, when main engines are utilized only for flight propulsion. No power drain for electricity and pressurized air. Certain military aircraft have requirements for electricity and pressurized air, which cannot be reasonably met by adding generators to main engines or allocating engine power to "bleed air". The proliferation of equipment and appliances added to aircraft require dedicated sources of electricity and pressurized air for safety and reliability, particularly in twin-engine airplanes. Potential Commercial Applications: Certain military aircraft with extraordinary requirements for electricity and pressurized air will use this technology. Commercial and military aircraft in development with their increasing needs for electric power and pressurized air to operate installed, on board, equipment can effectively utilize dedicated source for electricity and pressurized air independent of main engines. The equipment being developed by this program can be scaled up or down to provide an efficient supply of electric power and pressurized air to fit a variety of aircraft. As discussed elsewhere herein, SDII views the commercial requirements for this technology to be an emerging market, which SDII, with its past history, is particularly well equipped to exploit. |
| REACTION ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL
77 West 200 South, Suite 210 Salt Lake City, UT 84101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(801) 364-6925
Dr. Christopher J. Montgomery AF 02-178 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fuel Additives For Reduced Engine Emissions |
| Abstract: | Reaction Engineering International (REI) has assembled a team to develop fuel additives for reducing particulate emissions from gas-turbine engines. The primary focus is on military engines fueled by JP8 and JP5 but the additives would also be applicable to the commercial fleet of aircraft. The additives will have multiple functions: 1) to delay ignition thus providing greater premixing prior to combustion, 2) to suppress soot precursor formation, and 3) to enhance soot burnout kinetics. In Phase I, additives capable of providing these separate functions will be nominated by consultants to REI, Drs E.M.Eyring and B. Dunn of the University of Utah and Dan Dailey and David Forester of Lubrizol. These additives will be screened experimentally in a laboratory droplet-stream combustor at the University of Utah, and theoretically using well-stirred/plug-flow reactor networks of gas turbine engines including detailed chemical models of soot formation. A multi-functional additive combining the characteristics of the best of each class of additives, and satisfying the constraints imposed by cost and performance, will be nominated for synthesis and critical evaluation in Phase II of the program, including testing on a T-63 engine at Wright Patterson and CFD modeling of realistic engine configurations using a reduced chemical mechanism. The anticipated benefits of the proposed program include: 1) the development of low cost fuel additives for reducing emissions of fine particulates from gas turbine engines, and 2) development of a more fundamentally based numerical capability for prediction of soot emissions from gas turbines as well as for evaluation of the impacts of fuel additives on soot emissions The potential commercial applications include: 1) use of fuel additives developed under this program for suppressing soot emissions from both military and commercial aircraft engines, 2) application of commercially available and in-house CFD based software for gas turbine and diesel combustion for prediction of soot emissions utilizing reduced mechanisms for soot developed under this program, and 3) utilization of CFD based software for evaluating impacts of operational and equipment modifications on soot emissions from utility and industrial boilers. |
| OCEAN OPTICS, INC.
380 Main Street Dunedin, FL 34698 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 733-2447
Dr. Mahmoud R. Shahriari AF 02-179 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fiber Optic Oxygen Sensor for Fuel Tank Monitoring |
| Abstract: | Ocean Optics will determine the feasibility of using Plasma Assisted Surface Modification (PLASM) to add chemical resistance to its current fluorescence based oxygen sensor to meet the requirements of the fuel tank monitoring environment. The effort will focus on: Modifying our existing sol-gel formulation to eliminate the leaching of fluorescence material; Developing high performance overcoats of Teflon or other candidate materials to block armomatic hydrocarbon vapors; Perfecting fabrication techniques, materials and designs that provide a mechanically stable probe over the extremes of temperature and pressure encountered by aircraft. The results of Phase I studies will be used in Phase II to develop a flight worthy oxygen sensor that can be used with Onboard Inerting Systems to protect fuel tanks from explosions caused by ballistics, lightning or other sources of ignition. Successful development of an oxygen optical sensor that meets the fuel tank environment requirements will have direct impact on the safety of fuel tanks against explosions in both military as well as commercial jets. Ocean Optics and its commercial partners intend to develop an Onboard Fuel Tank Inerting System for commercial aircraft, to prevent accidents such as TWA 800 and ValueJet. The oxygen sensor is a critical component of this system. Military applications include combat aircraft, in-flight refueling tankers, and the M1 tank. The sensor will also be sold for polymer process control, modified air packaging for pharmaceuticals and foods and in-vivo medical use. |
| POLESTAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
220 Reservoir Street, Suite 32 Needham Hgts, MA 02494 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 449-2284
Dr. James A. Kane AF 02-181 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fuel Tank Ullage Oxygen Sensor for Live-Fire Ballistic Testing |
| Abstract: | The proposed research will investigate the development of a new optical oxygen monitor for aircraft fuel tanks. A new chemically resistant sensing membrane is described which, when the used with fluorescence lifetime quenching, is expected to provide a robust, lightweight system capable of inherently stable oxygen readings within the tank ullage. The feasibility of the new monitor will be demonstrated during the Phase I effort which will conclude with a field test of a prototype system at the Fire Safety Research and Development center of the Federal Aviation Administration. Stable oxygen sensing systems, like that proposed for the fuel tank ullage application, have considerable commercial potential in several areas including industrial-, bioprocess- and environmental-monitoring, as well as biotechnological research, and drug development. The proposed oxygen sensor is particularly well suited for application in these areas where the need exists for monitoring equipment that is easy to use, reliable and readily adaptable to the particular requirements of the application. |
| IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
125 Tech Park Drive Rochester, NY 14623 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 861-6273
Mr. Carl S. Byington AF 02-182 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Ultra-High Frequency Vibration Monitoring for Improved Turbine Engine Diagnostics and Prognostics |
| Abstract: | Impact Technologies, in cooperation with Epoch Engineering, Rolls Royce, and Honeywell propose to develop and demonstrate a unique vibration monitoring system that integrates high fidelity, acoustic emissions data from a laser interferometer with intelligent feature extraction and fault isolation algorithms to effectively manage fleet-wide turbine engine vibration. The system will be capable of reporting on the early detection and progression of faults by utilizing the laser-based, acoustic frequency measurements for improved, incipient anomaly detection and the traditional bearing frequencies and higher-order harmonics for tracking fault progression as it transitions from low to higher severity levels. The system will focus on utilizing and fusing data from test cells during engine pass-off, initial airframe installation and problem investigations from installed engines to compile a comprehensive database for robust fault identification that continually improves as engines in the fleet are tested. The utilization of wideband, spectral vibration information can provide improved up-to-date assessments of engine health and predictions of component damage for use in automated maintenance and logistics systems. The gas turbine engine vibration monitoring technologies proposed herein will address the existing O&M goals for current USAF engines, as well as those set forth by the USAF's VAATE Intelligent Engines initiative, specifically to reduce engine removal rates by 50% and the time to diagnose faults by 75%. The high bandwidth strategies and specific algorithms to be implemented are based on comprehensive knowledge of how military engines are operated and maintained, as well as how rotordynamic faults develop and propagate over the life of an engine. With the team's knowledge of rotordynamic engine faults, the optimal set of ultra high frequency features and conventional bearing fault frequency features will be determined. These features will be integrated in a state-of-the-art vibration monitoring system that will not only identify faults more confidently and at an earlier stage, but also predicts the time to failure or a degraded condition worthy of maintenance action. The Ultra High Frequency Prognostic System will enable critical engine component health management in military and commercial applications. Using high frequency techniques will allow diagnoses and prognoses to be made more confidently and at an earlier stage. Costly inspection routines and premature component replacements can also be avoided using the prognostic technologies developed under this program. The proposed system shall improve the understanding of engine health, extend time on wing, help maintain engine performance and provide a comprehensive vibration database so crucial to advancing the state of engine health management. Commercial applications for the measurement, processing, and predictive techniques developed can be realized on any machinery health monitoring application in the electrical generation industries, chemical processing industries, commercial aviation as well as gas transmission and oil industries. |
| WILLIAMS-PYRO,INC.
2721 White Settlement Rd Fort Worth, TX 76107 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(817) 335-1147
Dr. James Kim AF 02-182 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Vibration Monitoring Diagnostics and Prognostics Techniques |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to revolutionize turbine engine vibration monitoring and health assessment by developing a system to perform accurate, reliable, vibration-based, real-time monitoring while recording at least 20 hours of health signatures for further analysis. This proposed system will use a combination of several technologies: (1) turbine engine computer models such as Finite Element Models, (2) a micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS) accelerometer, (3) digital signal processing using Wavelet transform and decomposition, (4) Artificial Neural Networks to categorize turbine component faults, (5) wireless technology for sensor network and data communication, and (6) user friendly graphic user interfacing (GUI) technology. To provide diagnostic and prognostic capabilities and reduce the false alarm rate to zero, Williams-Pyro. Inc. will apply the latest technologies such as (1) Phase-Locked Loop for Transient Speed, (2) Wavelet Analysis, (3) a Neural Network reasoning system, (4) Fracture Mechanics based on a Finite Element Model, and (5) Wideband Micro Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS). Using recent technologies, WPI's proposed system can greatly reduce the time and monetary investments necessary to perform aircraft maintenance and ensure that turbine engine components do not fail during flight and/or operation. Commercialization at WPI is generally a 5-part process. The first step is to host a product demonstration at WPI's in-house laboratory for the U.S. Air Force. The feedback from this demonstration will be a great benefit for commercialization, as the advanced vibration monitoring system can be updated and improved early in the commercialization process. Second, our system will undergo a field and flight test on suggested engine systems such as JSF, P&W F117 for the C17. The third step is a trial production to supply a test market. The Air Force test market using the advanced vibration monitoring system will provide invaluable feedback regarding performance of the system under the conditions for which it was designed. Fourth, WPI's marketing department will investigate alternative product applications. The final commercialization step is full production and product launch. Once full production is underway, we will pursue partnerships with aircraft equipment manufacturers such as Lockheed Martin to allow their products to reach end-users pre-equipped with our vibration monitoring system. With more than 200 products on the market, WPI possesses the experience, expertise, and resources to drive this solution from the concept level to a commercialized product. |
| M-DOT AEROSPACE
3418 South 48th Street, Ste. 3 Phoenix, AZ 85040 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 752-1911
Mr. Frank Holman AF 02-183 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Small, Low Cost, High Performance Engines for Miniature Munitions |
| Abstract: | We propose to design and develop a turbine-driven fan module that will attach to the exhaust duct of an expendable turbojet converting it into an aft-fan turbofan. Depending upon selected bypass ratio, thrust can be increased as much as 70% and TSFC can be reduced more than 50%. The complete fan unit would weigh roughly 4-5 lbs and provide significant increase in range and/or mission duration. Design will be similar to the GE CF-700 and to an aft-fan module that M-DOT designed for the Army for the Allison-Rolls Model 150 turbojet. The Army augmenter design is scalable to roughly 44% of its current size to be under 6 inches diameter. In Phase I, mission requirements and core engine data will be obtained. Trade studies of throttle settings, bypass ratios and fan pressure ratios will be conducted and a design point selected. Flowpath geometry will be created. The existing Army augmentor will be used as a baseline for preliminary hardware design and creation of a cross-sectional layout. Weight and production cost will be estimated. At Phase I conclusion, a preliminary design will exist that can be structurally analyzed in detail, fabricated and tested in Phase II. This program will yield a heavy-fueled propulsion system with a significant improvement in TSFC over existing turbojets. This system will have application on any small powered UAV or munition and could improve performance of MALD, LOCAAS, Bird-Dog and other small UAVs and munitions. The USAF Miniature Munition (MM) Phase III program could utilize up to 12,000 of these powerplants over a period of 9 years. |
| MOHAWK INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
1037 Watervliet-Shaker Road Albany, NY 12205 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 860-4290
Dr. Hooshang Heshmat AF 02-183 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Small, Low Cost, High Performance Engines for Miniature Munitions |
| Abstract: | One of the weapons systems currently in development for the F-22 Air Superiority Fighter and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), is the Powered Low Cost Autonomous Attack System(P-LOCAAS). This small, smart munition, will be carried internally in weapon bays to maintain A/C low observability, and will incorporate standoff capabilities, allowing the aircraft to launch the weapon at a target from a distance to avoid risk. A critical component of this weapon system is the 30 - 50 pound thrust class turbojet engine used to power it to the target. This same thrust class turbojet engine is also utilized in the Miniature Air Launched Decoy (MALD). The objective of this SBIR proposal is to begin development of a totally oil-free turbojet incorporating Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. (MiTir) Oil-Free Compliant Foil Hydrodynamic journal and thrust bearings. Advances in the capabilities of these bearings have now made it possible to totally eliminate the engine lubrication system, reducing engine weight, complexity, and bearing power loss, while increasing range, loiter time, efficiency, maintainability and reliability, as well as greatly simplifying and enhancing storability. Rarely does an opportunity present itself that has this same potential to advance the state-of-the-art of propulsion systems. Incorporation of oil-free air bearings into a turbine engine will eliminate weight, cost and complexity of both commercial and military aircraft turbine engines in various thrust classes, while greatly improving reliability. Other applications that will benefit from this technology include power generation of micro-turbines, high speed compressors, pumps, turbo-expanders, turbochargers and other turbo-machinery. |
| HYPERCOMP, INC.
31255 Cedar Valley Drive, Suite 327 Westlake Village, CA 91362 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 865-3718
Dr. Ramakanth Munipalli AF 02-184 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A design environment for plasma and magneto-aerodynamics |
| Abstract: | HyPerComp, Inc., a leader in physics-based high performance computing proposes to apply advanced numerical tools to enhance understanding of plasma applications in future military and civilian missions. A focussed effort in the development and demonstration of advanced numerical techniques and solutions pertaining to equilibrium as well as nonequilibrium MHD applications is currently underway at HyPerComp under AFOSR sponsorship. The existing capability will serve as the platform upon which the proposed activity in plasma applications will be developed. The need for high fidelity numerical tools for accurate prediction of plasma properties is also prevalent in industries other than aerospace. Plasma interactions with electromagnetic fields, and the propagation of various forms of radiation through plasma layers is of considerable current interest. Code development activities in the present team encompass a range from equilibrium seeded air to unseeded air with basic thermochemical nonequilibrium and then on to integrated Navier-Stokes and Maxwell equation solvers. The additional range of physical phenomena to be investigated in this proposal represents a significant contribution to the present technological readiness. The use of plasma and MHD systems in flow control offers a mechanically and economically more feasible alternative to variable geometry concepts in supersonic propulsion. This is due to the effect of the MHD force on the flow without the movement of control surfaces. The beneficial use of these concepts could extend to all parts of high speed flight, from auxiliary power generation to enhanced mixing, boundary layer transition and thrust vector control, bringing commercial hypersonic flight closer to reality. The development of lighter and cheaper magnets and ionization systems in recent years makes this rejuvenation of interest in MHD particularly exciting. |
| ALLCOMP INC.
209 Puente Ave. City of Industry, CA 91746 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 369-4572
Mr. Wei Shih AF 02-185 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Composite Bearing Cage for Advanced Turbine Engine Applications |
| Abstract: | The next-generation of military and commercial turbine engines will operate at higher speeds; higher pressure-ratio and higher cycle temperature to achieve increased power and engine efficiency. As a result, advanced bearings capable of operating above 3.0 MDN under severe loading are required. Carbon-Carbon (C-C) bearing cages were developed jointly by AFRL/PRTM and Mr. Wei Shih of Allcomp (formerly with Goodrich) to address requirements of an advanced supersonic missile engine. The invention was covered by US Patent 5,752,773 and was licensed to Allcomp Inc by the Air Force in September 2001. A lightweight, high-temperature, low-expansion C-C cage holds the key to reducing the heat generation and in improving bearing reliability in high-speed systems, including advanced turbine engines. In addition, a self-lubricating C-C cage provides significant weight and cost reduction to small gas turbine engines by providing critical bearing technology that allows designers to eliminate the conventional liquid lubricant system. In this effort, we propose to conduct a technology development program under SBIR funding in parallel with on-going prototype C-C cage testing programs being funded under various Engine Development, CRADA, and IRAD efforts. The proposed program will focus on design and fabrication related issues that are needed to support successful and enduring insertion of C-C cage into wide range military applications. Specifically, we plan to focus our effort on reducing cost and manufacturing lead-time, while improving product quality and design methodology. This proposed effort will address technical issues systematically and will provide timely technical supports to all on-going and future C-C cage qualification tests. A successful product insertions in the military sector will lead to full product commercialization. |
| TECHLAND RESEARCH, INC.
28895 Lorain Road, Suite 201 North Olmsted, OH 44070 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(440) 716-9077
Mr. Bobby W. Sanders AF 02-185 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Airflow Controller and Isolator for Pulse Detonation Engines |
| Abstract: | A revolutionary airflow controller and isolator for application with a high-speed inlet and a pulse detonation engine (PDE) is proposed. This innovation has the potential of providing a solution to the unique airflow matching problem imposed by the integration of a PDE with a high-speed inlet. The cyclic (on/off) characteristic in the PDE airflow demand imposes a severe airflow matching problem for the inlet. The proposed concept will serve to control the airflow to the detonation chambers, provide sealing, and function to isolate the inlet from the airflow disturbances that could be imposed by the PDE operation. The inlet when coupled with the airflow controller, will function in a normal conventional mode by providing a constant airflow supply to the engine. Successful design and validation of the concept will provide breakthrough inlet technology for a PDE airbreathing propulsion system. The estimated commercial potential of a pulse detonation propulsion system is significant. Comparison of engine cycles has shown that the PDE offers higher efficiency that other candidate propulsion systems. Successful development of the airflow controller will enable the highly efficient PDE propulsion to be considered for a variety of flight applications. The breakthrough technology that will be provided by the application of the proposed concept will enable propulsion systems designs that have not been possible to date due to restrictions imposed by the cyclic behavior of the PDE airflow demand. |
| TK ENGINEERING ASSOC., INC
55 Merchant Street, Suite 220 Cincinnati, OH 45246 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 552-5091
Dr. Jayesh M Mehta AF 02-185 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative SiC-SiC Multi-Hole Cooled Liner Technology for IHPTET Trapped Vortex Combustor (TVC) Concept |
| Abstract: | The Airforce IHPTET program represents a quantum leap in the gas turbine technology such that it features truly revolutionary advances. These advances comprise increased cycle pressures and temperatures, near stoicheometric combustion, increased strength ceramic matrix composites, and the use of super alloys. In concert with these IHPTET goals, the novel approach described herein features a newly developed Trapped Vortex Combustor (TVC), and the application of a multi-hole cooled SiC-SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) as the combustor liner material. In Phase I of the effort, we propose to develop an optimized liner-cooling scheme for the 12 in. TVC combustor model to be tested (Testing will be proposed in Phase 2) in AFOSR, Room 20 facility. The liner will feature the, Rockwell developed, integrally woven, CMC fabric weave technology, and GEAE design practices used for effecting multi-hole cooling. In particular, the development of the weave technology will focus on salient barrier issues, as its application to IHPTET combustors is relatively recent. After having developed the TVC specific interwoven CMC liner technology, we will design a set of two liners and the test rig for high pressure sector testing to be carried out in Phase 2 of the program. A TVC combustor with SiC-SiC CMC liner is expected to have far reaching implications than just the enhanced IHPTET system performance. Despite, superior performance of the TVC combustor in AFOSR testing, its full potential is not realized due to large thermal gradients that exist in the liner walls. These gradients also lessen the effectiveness of high temperature CMC liners. The integrally woven SiC-SiC CMC material is expected to reduce these gradients in the combustor and help realize its full potential. GEAE fully recognizes the commercial impact of the proposed invention. And, they have committed to its development, should the results of Phase 2 AFOSR testing be encouraging as indicated in their letter of support. The successful demonstration of the proposed innovation is expected to impact the IHPTET applications directly in that it will help Airforce to deploy the advanced flight systems that have better durability, longer operational life as well as reduced emissions. In addition, the commercial/technical benefit of the proposed innovation is expected to spill over in the commercial aviation area (e.g. NASA initiatives) also. Under the NASA (GRC, Cleveland) sponsorship, GEAE and TK are developing a "Turbofan Ramjet Mach 4 (plus)- Turbine Accelerator (RTA)" vehicle that will feature TVC combustor in the 2008 TAD vintage design. The successful demonstration of the proposed technology at the conclusion of Phase 2 will provide the synergic inputs to the critical technology decisions that will be made on the vehicle propulsion system. Rockwell Scientific Center also recognizes the commercial potential of the unique weaving technology beyond gas turbine applications and intends to play a leading role in a growing R&D and manufacturing field. Some of their past endeavors at developing integral textile ceramic structures have led to a healthy mix of commercial as well as military applications, as indicated in their letter of support. |
| WEBCORE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
591 Congress Park Drive Dayton, OH 45459 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 435-5034
Dr. Donald Klosterman AF 02-185 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of Damage Tolerant Composite Structures for Aircraft Engine Components |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR project is intended to develop lightweight, damage-tolerant, and affordable composite sandwich structures for military and commercial aircraft engine and structural components. The primary focus of the Phase I work will be to develop the manufacturing processes and evaluate the physical, mechanical and structural performance of TYCOR fiber reinforced foam (FRF) composite sandwich panels for high temperature application. The Phase I work will include identification/selection of appropriate high temperature resin and foam materials, manufacturing process trials, fabrication of aerospace-quality composite sandwich test panels as well as physical, structural and ballistic impact testing. The goal is to demonstrate high temperature processing of TYCOR composite panels while maintaining damage tolerance and affordability. The technology developed in this program will be applicable to military and commercial aircraft engines and structural components. There are numerous commercial applications of this technology in aerospace, marine, transportation, industrial and construction. |
| WOODBINE LABS, INC.
10624 Kenridge Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45242 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 891-8792
Mr. Richard Ravenhall AF 02-185 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Technologies for Air Breathing Propulsion |
| Abstract: | This proposal is to develop and demonstrate a concept for a light-weight/lower-cost integrated process for producing TMC aircraft engine LP shafts. Such shafts will significantly benefit propulsion systems of advanced fighter aircraft like the JSF. The proposed integrated process will reduce the weight of a TMC JSF type LP shaft by approximately 30% relative to TMC shafts produced with the current TMC manufacturing approach and result in a final shaft (with nickel alloy ends) that is 20% to 25% lighter than the current nickel alloy shaft. The proposed approach integrates advances in TMC design, tooling, assembly and processes to use a pre-consolidated (green) arrangement of fibers and matrix that is nearer to the net shape of the post-consolidated part and incorporates more positive separation of the silicon carbide fibers than is provided by the current approach. Process and tooling modeling and preliminary development show feasibility for the concept. Phase 1 will develop the concept, perform analyses and conduct subscale testing to demonstrate its feasibility. Modeling and simulation will guide the direction. Phase 2 will provide detailed analytical derivations and prototypical device demonstrations and will develop a technology transition plan for future systems and commercial ventures. The effort will establish an improved integrated process for the production of titanium matrix composite reinforced LP shafts. Shafts produced by the integrated process will have lower weight and be less costly than shafts produced with current TMC approaches and be significantly lower weight than an all nickel base alloy shaft. A TMC shaft has great potential for improving engine performance and will be applicable in the aerospace and automotive commercial markets because they provide high stiffness and low weight along with greater flexibility for engine configuration modification. The potential for dramatic weight savings, on the order of 70%, are possible when new engines are designed that take advantage of the TMC material's attributes. |
| MICROVECTION
375 Cherokee Ave. Superior, CO 80027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(720) 304-2614
Mr. Geoffrey O. Campbell AF 02-186 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Heat Flux Laser Diode and/or Solid State Laser Cooling for Airborne and/or Spaceborne Directed Energy Applications |
| Abstract: | Diode lasers present one of the most challenging thermal problems in industry. The small footprint and the very high power levels combine to create extremely high heat fluxes (0.5 - 10 kW/cm2) in the vicinity of the diode. These heat flux levels raise the diode temperature, leading to lower lasing efficiency, wavelength shifts, and reduce diode lifetime. The cooling problem becomes even more difficult when combined with requirements for low pressure drops, reliability, long operating life, ease of attachment, small volume, and low cost. The best performing thermal management solutions available in the marketplace today are provided through micro-impingement and microchannel cooling methods, which offer thermal resistances as low as 0.035 K-cm2/W. Many customers, however, have expressed interest in even higher levels of thermal performance. To achieve improved performance levels this Phase I study will examine the addition of microfins to the cooling channels, and operation in the flow boiling regime. microVection has also developed a proprietary matched thermal expansion microchannel cooling approach which will also be evaluated during the Phase I program. The existing microchannel cooler market is rapidly growing and can make immediate use of the cooling enhancements proposed here. Other high heat flux systems such as high power elecrtronics or hypersonic vehicle components can also benefit from the proposed work. |
| TECH EXPLORE, LLC
3967 Lanes Mill Road Oxford, OH 45056 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 419-5938
Dr. Carson B. Roberts AF 02-187 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Wide Bandgap High Power Optically Triggered Switch |
| Abstract: | Reliable optically activated, high gain semiconductor switches (PCSS) are being explored for multiple applications, including ground penetrating radar (GPR) and firing set switches. The ability of a PCSS to deliver fast risetime pulses suits them for their use in radars that rely on fast impulses. This type of direct time domain radar is uniquely suited for detecting buried items because it can operate at low frequency, high average power, and close to the ground, greatly increasing power on target. Utilizing wide band gap semiconductors such as SiC and GaN and its alloys, it is very likely that GaAs switch lifetime issues can be eliminated. Wide bandgap semiconductor switches can also handle much higher peak voltages and currents. This proposal seeks funding to exploit and develop switches based on nitrides and carbides. Of particular interest is AlN on SiC with a near lattice match and good interface quality. This combination is already being explored for MIS (Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor) devices in SiC. Similar approaches will be used for a lateral photoconductive switch. The proposed structure will benefit from the high thermal conductivity and robustness of SiC and AlN surface passivation, allowing large switching voltages. Using GaN for ohmic contacts on AlN with uniform current flow will prevent filamentation and premature burn out. Immediate replacement parts for commercial applications include switches for pulsed lasers, high resolution Doppler weather radar for both ground based and aircraft based instrumentation. Future applications may include ignition module switches for aircraft engines. Also, pulse forming network switches for pulsed high energy electron beams for food sterilization. |
| VIATRONIX
40 Amherst Avenue Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 899-6924
Dr. Phil Lamarre AF 02-187 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ultra-wide bandwidth high-power solid state photoconductive power switch technology |
| Abstract: | In many military applications, such as radar drive circuits, directed energy weapons, and other high peak-power electrical systems the availability of a compact and reliable wide bandwidth, high-voltage, high-power photoconductive switch can become an enabling technology. HBTs based on wide bandgap materials have been shown to have superior properties to silicon BJTs. Much of the improvement is due to the high base doping achievable through the use of wide-gap emitters, as well as superior properties of the materials used such as higher mobility in the base (for n-p-n devices), and higher drift velocities for the collector space charge region. Because of its superior material and electrical properties, silicon carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) is expected to enable vastly improved high-power switching devices with substantial benefits to a wide variety of military and commercial systems. With Viatronix's ability to create useful devices on current material, we believe that there are numerous commercial and military markets for this technology. |
| LUNA INNOVATIONS INCORPORATED
2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(434) 972-9951
Mr. Thomas A. Wavering AF 02-188 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Electrical Wiring Fatigue Monitoring System |
| Abstract: | Electrical wiring fatigue is a critical problem for aerospace and civilian infrastructure applications. As summarized in the Review of Federal Programs for Wire System Safety, "The aging of a wire system can result in loss of critical functions in equipment powered by the system or in loss of critical information regarding the operation of certain parts of the equipment. Either result can jeopardize public health and safety and lead to catastrophic equipment failure or to smoke and fire." For this program, Luna Innovations proposes to develop a highly multiplexed wiring fatigue monitoring system utilizing optical fiber sensing technology and magnetostrictive films. Luna has previously demonstrated sensing technology to monitor thousands of points of strains across a structure. By combing these sensors with magnetostrictive films, they will function as electromagnetic field sensors. As the insulation around the wiring degrades, the resultant electromagnetic field will induce a strain in the magnetostrictive film which is then measured by the optical fiber sensor. 1000's of these sensors along the wire length will provide the location and state of wire degradation. Luna has a history of bringing research from the laboratory to full commercial products and will use this experience to commercialize this revolutionary technology. The proposed monitoring technology has immediate use for measurement of current and electromagnetic fields in military, power, and medical applications. The highly multiplexed nature of the technology makes it ideal for health monitoring in wiring systems and in the electric power industry for monitoring the state of transformers and other critical components. The highly multiplexed optical fiber sensor system will have additional applications in structural health monitoring and condition-based maintenance applications. The technology demonstrated during the proposed Phase I program will allow Luna to capture a significant share of the initial target market segment through Luna's proven ability to transfer products from research to market. |
| FIBER INNOVATIONS INC.
24 Walpole Park South Walpole, MA 02081 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 660-2622
Mr. Douglas Armstrong AF 02-190 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Affordable Composite Front Frame for Turbine Engines |
| Abstract: | Composites offer significant weight saving potential in engines, which is of great interest to programs like the X35 JSF and F136 engine. A composite F136 Front Frame offers the AF the potential to save 30 pounds on the JSF alternate engine. Complex composite assemblies made conventionally have been expensive, and cost reductions are needed to insert more composites on engines. Automated fiber placement can provide significant cost savings. Braiding is a proven and cost-effective automation method that is inherently well-suited to many engine part configurations. RTM for engine parts is limited because of the process characteristics of high temperature resins like PMR15. The SARTM process (a subset of RTM) has been developed to enable PMR15 and other high temperature resins to be used for high temperature engine parts. A combination of braiding and SARTM offers the potential to realize weight savings for a fully functional part at a significantly lower cost than present manufacturing methods. FII, in cooperation with GEAE (the engine prime), shall demonstrate the feasibility and potential benefits to accrue to the F136 JSF engine using a low-cost braided front frame. The program has direct benefit to a major DoD program and significant commercial potential. Benefits anticipated from this work include realization of a 30 pound weight saving on the F136 engine and a significant cost reduction versus present SOTA composite manufacturing methods. This will be supported by a well-documented trade study to identify various design options and downselect on a sound technical basis with the full participation of the engine prime contractor. A proof-of-concept part shall be produced to demonstrate feasibility and reduce risk of the selected design approach, leading to a solid basis for further development in Phase II. Successful demonstration of this technology can lead to similar applications in both military and commercial engines, offering a very broad path for commercialization. |
| ASPEN AEROGELS, INC.
188 CEDAR HILL STREET MARLBOROUGH, MA 01752 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 418-5058
Dr. George Gould AF 02-191 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Rocket Propulsion Technologies |
| Abstract: | The IHPRPT program has the stated mission of doubling rocket propulsion capabilities by the year 2010. This will require a substantial reduction in vehicle weight, particularly parasitic weight. Weight reduction in the vehicle can directly translate into additional payload, at a rate of $10,000 to $40,000/lb, depending on configuration. Aspen Aerogels, Inc. proposes to build on our commercial aerogel flexible blanket insulation technology to provide up to a 22 fold improvement in weight fraction of SRM case insulation over cork, with no sacrifice in performance. Utilizing our unique nano-porous aerogel materials, we will create an insulation system with a thermal conductivity of less than 14 mW/m-K, compared to 65 mW/m-K for standard cork insulation. The Phase I program will demonstrate the feasibility of the concept and demonstrate suitable encapsulation and attachment techniques. In Phase II the system will be optimized and sufficient material will be produced to allow for full scale testing at our teaming partner's facility or a facility of the Air Force's choice. Development and demonstration of a high performance, lightweight, flexible insulation material based on aerogels will result and substantial weight reduction and performance improvement in numerous military applications including; missiles, rockets, and launch vehicles (Space Shuttle and RLV). Significant commercial applications will also be enabled, including; furnace insulation, fire protection, and extreme environment insulation. |
| AVEKA, INC.
2045 Wooddale Drive Woodbury, MN 55125 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(651) 714-4293
Dr. Gary Pozarnsky AF 02-191 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Gelled Nanophase Fuel |
| Abstract: | AVEKA, Inc. proposes the use of nanophase aluminum/hydrocarbon slurries produced by its proprietary process with a novel gelling agent to form an inexpensive gelled propellant. AVEKA's Gas Evaporative Reactor (GER) process produces nanophase aluminum slurries in hydrocarbon fluids. These slurries can be gelled easily using a unique, low molecular weight gelling agent. An ability to "melt" these gelled materials may allow utilization of these proposed propellants in normal liquid fuel systems with only slight modifications to preheat these fuels. The new propellant will be produced and evaluated with regard to its stability and rheological properties at AVEKA. Combustion testing on the propellant will be done at the University of Alabama-Huntsville Propulsion Research Center. The anticipated result of this research is a safe, reliable and low cost alternative to the current solid and liquid propellants. This proposed work will have commercial applications in upper stage and heavy lift vehicles for both the civilian and military space programs. It can also be utilized in various tactical and strategic missile programs, in the formulation of high performance fuels and in ejector devices for aerospace vehicles. |
| CERACOM INC
200 Turnpike Road, Suite 4 Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Frederick Lauten AF 02-191 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Rocket Propulsion Technologies |
| Abstract: | Ceracom, Inc. will develop ultra-high temperature fiber reinforced ceramic composites (CMC) for radiation cooled liquid rocket engine components. The SBIR program is focused on developing CMC boost nozzles, reducing weight at least 50% and cost at least 25%. The Ceracom nozzle materials will operate at surface temperatures exceeding 3600oF in the O2/H2 combustion environment and survive a minimum of 40 launch cycles (8.5 minutes each), offering significant advantages over those advanced materials now being considered for large, SSME size-class, radiation cooled nozzles. The majority of our work will focus on this application; however, the technology will also enable higher temperature and more efficient operation for other propulsion systems, e.g., scramjet, RBCC and DACS. In the Phase I program we will demonstrate feasibility by focusing on two critical issues, meeting mechanical property requirements (strength and stiffness), and withstanding the cyclic loadings required by a reusable nozzle. Phase II will rely heavily on the collaboration with our industrial partners and AFRL, and the development will focus on demonstrating process scalability, cost effectiveness, and manufacturability. We will design and fabricate a larger scale demonstrator to justify continuation into a Phase III program where actual nozzles will be designed, developed, fabricated and tested. Innovation will increase thrust/weight, thereby decreasing the cost of access to space. DoD and commercial applications include liquid rocket engine components hypersonic scramjet engine flow paths for missiles and reusable vehicles, RBCC components, and smaller divert and attitude control system bi-propellant thrust chambers for Kill Vehicles. |
| CONCEPTS ETI, INC.
217 Billings Farm Road White River Jct, VT 05001 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(802) 296-2321
Mr. Kerry N. Oliphant AF 02-191 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Suction Specific Speed Inducers for Cryogenic Upper Stage Engines |
| Abstract: | Pump inducer suction performance is directly linked to turbopump rotational speed and weight. It has become standard practice to use boost pumps to provide higher inlet pressure to main turbopumps. This allows for higher speed, lower weight, and more efficient turbopumps. Propellant tank pressure is also minimized. However, the boost pumps add to the weight and complexity of the propellant management system. The proposer is developing advanced inducer technology using a test intensive approach with support from NASA and the NSF. The latest inducer technology allows for both lower inlet pressures and efficient pump operation without one or both boost pumps. The Phase I project is structured to demonstrate feasibility and to quantify the impact on the engine performance, weight, reliability, and cost. Phase I begins with a pump and turbine scoping study for a selected engine cycle. Iterative engine cycle analyses will be used to judge the relative merits of conceptual LOX and LH2 turbpumps. More detailed preliminary pump and turbine design work and engine cycle studies will take place for the most highly rated configurations. During the Phase II SBIR project, inducer components will be designed and rig-tested for application in a Phase II IHPRPT demonstrator. The most direct application high suction specific speed inducer technology and the engine cycle will be under a Phase II IHPRPT demonstration program. The developed pump technology is also directly transferable to industry. For example, aircraft engine fuel boost pumps require improved suction performance technology. Suction performance is also an issue with equipment used in power plants, chemical/process refineries, and oil production facilities. |
| PHOTONIC ASSOCIATES
200A Ojo de la Vaca Road Santa Fe, NM 87508 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 466-3877
Dr. Claude Phipps AF 02-191 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Micro Laser Plasma Thruster Technology Development |
| Abstract: | The Air Force has a critical need for revolutionary, new aerospace propulsion-related technologies. The micro Laser Plasma Thruster (uLPT) which Photonic Associates originated is such a technology. Our uLPT uses a cluster of diode lasers focused to a 50mm spot on the back of a transparent tape coated with a 50mm-thick carbon-containing absorbing layer. As the tape moves across the laser focus, a high-temperature jet is created on the opposite side from the laser without burning through the tape. This is called "transmission mode" illumination. Under earlier Air Force funding, we developed and tested a preprototype thruster which exceeded the TechSat 21 requirement of 75mN thrust per axis. This preprototype research model employs a 50-cm closed loop fuel tape. Technical issues which remain include "reflection" vs. "transmission" modes of target illumination and minimizing outgassing of ablation coatings. In this Phase I effort, we will address remaining technical issues and design a commercially viable prototype thruster to be built under Phase II. The laser-driven engine we propose will have 200æN thrust and meet or exceed all TechSat21 requirements for one axis. Prototype electrical power requirement will be 30W, and total mass will be 0.75kg. This effort will lead to Phase II development of the first commercially viable laser-driven microthruster for precise orientation and positiioning of micro- and nano-satellites. Applications include TechSat 21 and potential commercial micro- or nanosatellite clusters. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Hartmut H. Legner AF 02-191 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Rocket Propulsion Technologies |
| Abstract: | Laser beam propulsion is an alternative launch system with substantial potential for reducing the cost of placing satellites in orbit. This unique form of propulsion can also be used to move vehicles at high speeds within the atmosphere and in space. Recent ground-based RP 10.6 æm laser demonstrations of laser-propelled air-breathing vehicles have sparked keen interest in this form of propulsion. Instead of ground-based launch, this proposed effort emphasizes the benefits of launch to orbit from high-altitude aircraft platforms. The approach makes use of the fact that the technology to place a 1.3 æm CW high-energy laser on an aircraft for missile defense applications will be available in several years. The ABL system will solve many of the problems necessary for beam propulsion over large distances, i.e., pointing and tracking, and beam propagation. PSI's program to accomplish a detailed systematic study of launch to orbit from an ABL platform that will be contrasted to launch using a ground-based system. The investigation will trade-off the difficulty of vehicle engagement from an ABL at altitude versus the engagement from ground launch with a GBL. The laser-propelled vehicle dynamics will play a central role in the analysis. The results of this project will have a direct impact on the use of beam propulsion for the commercial satellite launch market. It will guide the development of laser-propelled flight vehicles. Future applications include Space Station resupply, on-demand global sensing, microsat and deep-space probe launch |
| ULTRAMET
12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 899-0236
Mr. Jerry W. Brockmeyer AF 02-191 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ultrahigh Temperature Oxidation-Resistant Ceramic Matrix Composite for Rocket Propulsion Components |
| Abstract: | Future Air Force space, missile, and aircraft systems require advanced high temperature materials to meet projected performance requirements. Rocket engine and turbine engine programs such as the IHPRPT and IHPTET initiatives, respectively, are intended to double next-generation propulsion capabilities. Reaching this aggressive goal demands the implementation of high temperature capability, environmentally resistant, lightweight material systems. Prominent among the alternative materials under consideration for such applications are ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Recent Air Force and NASA programs have considerably progressed the development of CMCs for ~2500øF combustion environments, but additional work is required to extend current CMC capabilities to temperatures of 3500øF. In this project, Ultramet proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating and using an ultrahigh temperature capable CMC using a hafnium carbide/silicon carbide (HfC/SiC) matrix analogous to Ultramet's Ultra2000TM microlayered HfC/SiC coating system that has previously been shown to be effective for high temperature oxidation protection of carbon/carbon (C/C) and CMCs. Specifically, several innovative variants of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processing will be evaluated as potential methods for densifying HfC/SiC matrix CMCs, and the resultant structures will be characterized for potential aerospace applications as a demonstration of feasibility. CMCs have broad potential applicability for aerospace and industrial applications requiring high temperature capable, corrosion- and erosion-resistant materials. These include aerospace applications such as the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), hypersonic aircraft, and advanced unmanned air vehicles. Successful demonstration of the technology would lead to high-performance, next-generation conventional aircraft and ground-based power generation. |
| INTERWEAVE, INC
1004 River Rock Drive, Suite 240 Folsom, CA 95630 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(916) 404-1845
Mr. Joseph Morris AF 02-192 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Air-slew Package for Air-launched Missiles |
| Abstract: | The primary objective during Phase I is to determine the optimum approach toward the development of a system that fulfills the requirement for enhanced maneuverability in air-launched missiles. To attack targets that are behind the launching aircraft, without turning the aircraft, requires the missile to expend considerable energy and time making a large radius controlled turn to ensure continuous positive air flow over the fins. To overcome this potential limitation within the constraints of the missile operational capability and envelope requires the adaptation of a side thrust producing system that is not limited by the forward velocity of the missile as is the aerodynamic fin system. Three such systems have been developed for other rocket : Reaction Jet Control (RJC), Thrust Vector Control (TVC) and Discrete Pulse Control (DPC). This phase is expected to consist of primarily a design and trade study effort to select the optimum system for this application. The output of this Phase will be a system selection, a development roadmap, and identification of key technology areas that can be tested during Phase II. besides significantly improving the performance of tactical missiles, these technologies have potential application in development of other smart munitions and weapon systems, and in commercial space systems, including launcher and upper stage attitude control systems. |
| HYBRID PLASTICS
18237 Mt. Baldy Circle Fountain Valley, CA 92708 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 962-0303
Dr. Joseph D. Lichtenhan AF 02-193 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Significant Improvements in High Temperature Resins for Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) Boost and Orbit Transfer Composite Cases |
| Abstract: | Nanoreinforcements based upon POSS Nanostructured Chemicals offer alternate mechanisms to increasing the glass transition of high performance polymers. The two primary mechanisms provided by nanoreinforcements are (i) reduced chain mobility via increasing chain stiffness and (ii) reduced chain mobility via confinement of the polymer chains. The objective of this Phase I SBIR proposal is to utilize the fundamental properties of POSSr nanotechnology to provide a new Tg performance level for bismaleimide resins while maintaining their desirable processability and utility in composites. Nanostructured Chemicals based upon Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) will be utilized along with nanodimensioned clay nanoreinforcements.. POSSr-olefin monomers and POSSr-imide resins will be substituted for the standard diallybisphenol A curatives and for the bismaleimide resins currently used in commercial bismaleimide (BMI) systems. Additionally POSS-modified nanodimensioned clays will be incorporated into the POSS-BMI resins to improve their thermal and mechanical properties. The effect these nanostructures have upon the properties of BMI resins will be investigated relative to the type of nanoreinforcement and it's loading level. The physical, mechanical, and handling properties of these nanocomposites will be examined and compared to current materials. By the conclusion of Phase I a down selection to one nanocomposite formulations will be made and fabricated into composites for testing. High Tg resins for electronic component markets and for commercial aircraft components |
| IMPERIUM, INC.
1738 Elton Rd., Suite 218 Silver Spring, MD 20903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 431-2911
Dr. Marvin Lasser AF 02-194 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Real Time, High Resolution, Ultrasound Camera For Imaging Composite Motor Cases |
| Abstract: | A need exists for improved inspection of composite motor case damage. The systems needed must be field deployable, cost effective and support rapid scans of large surface area to determine damage to the composite case. The system must quantify the damage, determining the depths and locations of the delaminations and possible fiber breakage. The inspection system must have the sensitivity and resolution to determine which composite lamina are separated and the areal extent of each separation. Physically, the equipment must be small, low power and of robust design for hand held inspection in the field. The equipment must be to easy operate and results must be easy to interpret. Imperium proposes a patented, real-time, ultrasound C-scan imaging system to meet these requirements. The solution proposed by Imperium is based on a proprietary 2-D monolithic integrated array. The device produces high quality images with standard video presentation and requires no special training to interpret. An inspector could simply place a handheld probe up to a composite component and get immediate imagery of subsurface faults. The proposed solution is a cost effective, high resolution, real-time, portable, ruggedized camera which will provide positive identification of damage in composite motor cases. Imperium is focused on the development of next-generation ultrasound imaging systems. In a commercial manufacturing setting, the proposed inspection system would allow parts to ultrasonically inspected in a fraction of the time as current scans. This applies to the manufacturing of composites and metals in a variety of markets. In the field, an inspector could simply place a hand-held probe up to an aircraft or aerospace component, pipe, storage tank, or pressure vessel. The commercial potential for this technology is extremely large. |
| ATTOTEK, INC.
21010 Southbank Street, PMB #800 Sterling, VA 20165 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 263-7223
Dr. David L. Martin AF 02-196 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Agent Based Correlation for Multi-INT Fusion |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase I proposal is evaluate battlespace geolocation correlation opportunities that may be obtained by fusing measurements from Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) collections. These opportunities include (1) improving geolocation accuracy at the processing level using individual sensor measurements from dissimilar collection systems and (2) improving sensor tasking throughput by leveraging serendipitous and fully cooperative tasking opportunities. Both a real-time capability that examines live data feeds and reach-back capability that examines previously recorded events will be investigated. Improvements in ISR system performance, timeliness, and capability. Reduced sensor resource requirements |
| DATA FUSION CORPORATION
10190 Bannock Street, Suite 246 Northglenn, CO 80260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(720) 872-2145
Dr. W. Kober AF 02-196 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Sensor Data Exploitation Capability |
| Abstract: | DFC propses the development of a multisensor sensing, fusion, and exploitation capability, the Multi-Sensor Exploitation Capability (MSDEC) to support detailed parametric signature collection, mission planning, and sensor tasking, onboard sensor management, and onboard and post-mission analysis data exploitation. Commercial applications will include applications for Air Force program such as Combat Sent and Big Safari, firefighting, agricultural crop estimation, and air traffic control. |
| INNOVATIVE RESEARCH, IDEAS, & SERVICES CORPORATION
1350 Highland Dr. Suite E, Suite E Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 677-3604
Mr. Steve Havens AF 02-196 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Sensor Data Exploitation Capability |
| Abstract: | Currently DOD imagery systems have standardized on the National Imagery Transmission Format (NITF) for the capture and recording of IMINT data. The author will argue that NITF is not an appropriate format for the capture of real-time sensor data, especially when it comes to issues such as multi-sensor fusion, sensor cueing, precise geo-positioning, and format adaptability to new sensor systems. Other sensor acquisition standards such as NATO STANAG 7023 are on the right track but are immature and lack the capabilities of a fully robust sensor acquisition capture format. Phase I will integrate the concepts of XML, Numeric-Homomorphic-Space-Time sensor modeling and Entity-Relationship data modeling with a real-time format such as STANAG 7023. It is believed that a truly robust sensor acquisition concept can be achieved. These concepts would enable a sensor acquisition format to describe it self to an adaptable processor utlizing common reference frames. Phase II will continue with a prototype of an adaptable processor matched to this highly self-descriptive format. The common space-time sensor model would provide a basis for the fusion of any sensor with any other sensor based on the definition of a set of common reference systems. With this added capability the description of a sensor is essentially boundless enabling the format to describe sensors as complex as SIGINT, Acoustical, Hyperspectral, Moving Target Indicator, & Synthetic Aperture Radar sensors and as simple as inertial, thermal, audio, or positional sensors. Some of the advantages realized to developing a common sensor model and capturing the sensor data in terms of that model are: 1) increased mission effectiveness through increased interoperability with simular systems across services and nations 2) increased precision and accuracy of sensor data, 3) increased ease of adaptation of new sensor systems, 4) increased fusion capability with other sensor systems, 5) reduced onboard sensor processing requirements, and 6) reduced overhead & bandwidth requirements |
| APPLIED RADAR, INC.
115 Airport Street, Quonset Point North Kingstown, RI 02852 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(401) 295-0062
Dr. William H. Weedon AF 02-197 Selected for Award |
| Title: | X-Band Multi-Channel Digital Beamforming Transmit Array Employing both Waveform Agility and Spatial Diversity |
| Abstract: | A multi-channel transmit array is to be developed for high-speed digital communications and radar applications. Digital beamforming (DBF) will be combined with direct digital synthesis (DDS) waveform generation to achieve a system capable of using both waveform diversity and spatial diversity. Multiple simultaneous transmit beams will be generated that may be configured and scanned digitally. Using DBF, the beamwidths, beam-shapes, scan locations and null locations of the multiple beams are all controlled digitally and may be adjusted rapidly for example to follow a moving target, suppress a hostile jammer or to reduce multi-path. The DDS technique will be used to produce various transmit waveforms for high-speed secure communications at relatively low transmit power levels over a noisy channel. Digital control of the DDS synthesizer allows rapid switching between various communications schemes (CDMA, TDMA, FSK, spread-spectrum, etc.). The synthesizer can also be programmed to produce various radar waveforms. The DBF and DDS techniques together combine to produce an extremely versatile transmit array that can serve a great many users and applications. We focus here on the development of an X-band communication system; however, the waveform generation techniques and array architecture developed here may be used in applications ranging in frequency from L-band through EHF. A satellite-based or aircraft-based DBF/DDS communication array would allow the asset to serve multiple simultaneous users and employ multiple simultaneous communication schemes. Ground-based communication terminals could also use this technology in order to simultaneously and independently talk to multiple satellites, aircraft or other ground stations. Similar arrays could be developed for Navy ships. There are a vast number of both military and commercial communications applications from L-band up through EHF frequencies. The DBF/DDS transmit array can also be used in radar applications in order to code waveforms to reduce interference from multiple sensors, improve S/N performance and form multiple digitally-controlled beams. |
| APPLIED TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATES
1300 Britt SE Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 767-1202
Dr. Henry Sebesta AF 02-198 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Next Generation Inertial Reference Unit (NG-IRU) |
| Abstract: | The Air Force is pursuing aircraft and satellite-based high power laser systems to engage and destroy missiles at long ranges (hundreds to thousands of kilometers). A precision inertial reference unit (IRU) is critical to successful operation of long range, high power laser systems for missile defense. The IRU enables the system to accurately point the payload telescope and attached tracking sensors to acquire the target and to hold the laser beam precisely on a vulnerable area. However even the best current state-of-the-art IRU cannot meet the precision required for next-generation 1000 km target ranges. ATA proposes to design a Next-Generation IRU (NGIRU) based on a combination of component and system advances that apply knowledge gained by ATA over decades of hands-on experience with development, application and testing of IRU technology for precision pointing of electro-optical payloads. ATA proposes to create a new level of performance for key components based on its patented innovations in rate and displacement sensors. In addition, ATA proposes using an existing prototype as a testbed to identify, quantify, and push back other IRU performance constraints. The resulting IRU will be an enabling technology for future long-range laser defense systems. The extremely high precision Next Generation IRU (NG-IRU) and its component sensors are enabling technology for upcoming DoD laser system applications such as Airborne Laser (ABL), Space-Based Laser (SBL), Bifocal Relay Mirror, and Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL). Initial applications of NG-IRU are restricted to these ultra-high precision government-driven applications. However, ATA is separately pursuing commercialization of related technology for less-demanding, non-DoD applications. The NG-IRU will drive ATA's core engineering and this, in turn, will indirectly benefit NASA and industry air- and space-based remote sensing, laser communications, and optical stabilization. |
| MILLI SENSOR SYSTEMS & ACTUATORS
93 Border Street West Newton, MA 02465 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 965-1346
Mr. Charles R. (Bob) Dauwalter AF 02-198 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A High-Performance, Magnetically-Suspended, MEMS Spinning-Wheel Gyro |
| Abstract: | This proposal presents an approach to the attainment of a family of practical, miniature, true high performance gyros that can be manufactured with low-cost MEMS-type technology. The approach centers on a method of generating substantial angular momentum, (greater than 2,000 dyne-cm-sec), which is equal to the momentum of some existing small conventional spinning-wheel gyros. By comparison, MEMS oscillatory silicon gyros have momentum typically eight orders of magnitude lower. The ability to generate large momentum in the complete absence of material-to-material contact by using a magnetically-suspended spinning wheel offers gyro performance and reliability equal to or greater than that of fiber gyros. The low-cost MEMS fabrication technology uses electrodeposition of widely-used magnetic materials or the electrochemical etching of conventionally-fabricated magnetic materials, technologies which are highly developed and available. The overall size of the gyro is projected to be only 2 cm x 2 cm and 0.5 cm thick. Earlier studies confirmed that the design and fabrication of the magnetically-suspended wheel was feasible. This proposal addresses the design of a baseline gyro, performs an error analysis and projects the expected gyro performance for a subsequent Phase II build program. This concept has the potential of providing a family of rugged, affordable, miniature, reliable, long-lived high-performance gyros for a wide range of IRU and IMU applications. Other mechanical gyros have life/reliability limitations, and performance comes only with high cost in large sizes. Attainment of this very high momentum in such small sizes, with no wear-out modes, is a breakthrough. We expect that a broad class of very high performing miniature gyros can be developed and made available to satisfy the accuracy and stability of inertial references necessary for many military, space and commercial applications. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORPORATION
Post Office Drawer 719, 735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9261
Dr. Thomas W. Kornbau AF 02-199 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improved UHF Antenna |
| Abstract: | MRC had developed conformal UHF Communications (voice, satellite data) and other CNI antennas, and is aware of many issues involved. These include antenna design, LO treatment, and aperture/aperture/airframe interactions. The installation method called out in the topic description (through the wing) is somewhat unique and opens design options and avenues (as well as potential pitfalls) not possible in single sided installations. In this proposal, we present an approach and techniques for achieving the UHF communications range (horizon gain better than -2 dBil), coverage, and instantaneous bandwidth desired. This is in addition to achieving a certain level of low reflectivity capability. The approaches addressed include conformal directional apertures to minimize interference, highly efficient apertures, a number of matching techniques, and new LO treatment implementations. The conformal aspects of this effort will reduce drag and hide external evidence of an onboard UHF communications system, and be more aesthetically pleasing than a whip or a blade. The LO aspects would be for military or other Government applications. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Mr. Brian Hodges AF 02-200 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Profile Fusion for Active Sensor Management |
| Abstract: | ALPHATECH will develop and demonstrate algorithms for managing multi-mode radars and using the acquired profiles to identify targets with high confidence. ALPHATECH has existing technology and expertise in profile exploitation and sensor resource management. However, no system has been developed for the coordinated exploitation and management of multiple radar modes to identify targets. To accomplish the profile fusion, we propose a statistical analysis of profile data that will yield a set of mode-dependent weights for fusing data without overcounting information. The result will be a well-behaved classifier that will converge to a conservative classification probability vector. To acquire the profiles, we propose to actively manage the sensor. We will extend an existing ALPHATECH dynamic programming framework for sensor resource management to the problem of managing the sensor to acquire profile data. In the dynamic programming framework, we can model both stochastic and deterministic aspects of the system and derive computationally efficient near-optimal management strategies. Enhanced track continuity enables both improved battle space awareness for surveillance missions, and efficient engagement in targeting missions. ALPHATECH envisions the technology that will result from this SBIR program effort has the potential for significant interest from a large customer base, both within DoD and the commercial sector. The technology can also be applied to commercial applications such as the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) and civilian air traffic control systems. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Mr. Kevin J. Sullivan AF 02-200 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Continuous Track and ID Fusion (CTIF) |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms that will task future radars so that fusion-aided continuous identification can be supported. Our approach is to treat the problem as a closed-loop feedback system where a fusion-aided continuous ID process works with a dynamic sensor-tasking module to maximize the amount of information contained in a track database. The amount of information is quantified using an information-theoretic definition of the expected entropy in the track database given a candidate sensor schedule. The domain of sensor tasks involves a range of different modes and waveforms so that the tracker may best be serviced for different values of the expected signal-to-interference ratio, resolution, background traffic, and vehicle classification. In order to evaluate the sensor-tasking module, we will build an improved radar model within the SLAMEM simulation with the assistance of our subcontractor CAESoft Incorporated. We will also implement the dynamic sensor tasker within SLAMEM to control the new radar model and evaluate its performance. We will finish Phase I with a demonstration of the tasking algorithm operating in real time. The successful completion of this research will result in the development of a sensor manager that supports the location and identification of ground vehicles. This will be useful for many military applications in addition to civilian uses such as border patrol, counter drug and counter-terrorist operations, and fishery law enforcement. |
| GREEN MOUNTAIN RADIO RESEARCH COMPANY
50 Vermont Avenue Colchester, VT 05446 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(802) 655-9670
Dr. Frederick H. Raab AF 02-201 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High-Efficiency Amplifiers with Discretely Variable Output Power |
| Abstract: | Modern phased-array transmitters employ a separate power-amplifier (PA) module for each antenna element. The transmitted signals have time-varying envelopes and peak amplitudes that vary over a large dynamic range, resulting in inefficient amplification by the conventional linear PAs that are presently in use. A number of techniques for efficiency improvement have been developed recently, but many are complex and unsuitable for inclusion in low-cost modules for phased arrays. The proposed program will therefore examine a variety of techniques for improving the efficiency. The program will begin by determining specifications, evaluating RF-power transistors, and comparing power amplifiers. The program will then compare a number of transmitter architectures for maintaining high efficiency over a range of output amplitudes. Candidates include continuous envelope tracking, stepped envelope tracking, electronic tuning, outphasing (Chireix), and multiple switched PAs (e.g., Doherty). The parameters of interest include not only efficiency, bandwidth, and linearity, but also complexity, cost, size, and weight. Finally module approaches will be synthesized and recommended for various frequencies from 1 to 100 GHz. Adaptations of the technology developed in this program will find use in a wide variety of modern RF/wireless systems. Low-power transmitters will find wide use in cellular/PCS handsets, where they will reduce the consumption of battery power and extend the "talk time." Higher-power versions of these transmitters will find use in cellular base stations, space-based radar, microwave distribution systems, and satellite communication, where they will reduce the power consumption, size, weight, and heat dissipation, resulting in lower cost and higher reliability. |
| HITTITE MICROWAVE CORPORATION
12 Elizabeth Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-3343
Mr. Mitch Shifrin AF 02-201 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High-Efficiency Amplifiers with Discretely Variable Output Power |
| Abstract: | The proposal is focused on development of microwave power amplifier techniques to reduce the power consumption of phased array radiating elements. Elements are spaced by l/2 at the center frequency of the array. At L/S-band frequencies this corresponds to 200mm and only 4mm at 40 GHz. The output power of the transmitter ranges from few tenths of watts at millimeter wave frequencies to tens of watts in L/S-band frequencies, and power consumption in amplifiers becomes a practical limit to the output capabilities of the transmitter. To minimize the prime power consumption, the power-added efficiency (PAE) of the amplifier must be maximized. While the amplifier PAE is normally at its maximum at saturation, many of the elements in an array are not always operated at maximum power output. To maintain the maximum efficiency of the amplifier at all operating power levels, it is necessary to develop circuit techniques for adaptive and/or programmed control of amplifier efficiency at all power levels. Those circuit techniques include a method of adjusting the bias level proportionately with the operating power and a method of power output compensation using an auxiliary amplifier. This proposal addresses the need to develop MMIC based amplifier design approaches for efficiency enhancement of power amplifiers over a wide dynamic range. The Phase 1 effort will be focused on development of specific circuits for application in selected radar applications, but the result of such research and development will be generally applicable to other amplifiers as well. The proposed program will lead to reduction of power consumption in MMIC amplifiers with potential benefits in all small, portable, remotely operated, battery-powered equipment, as well as in large arrays with thousands of amplifiers. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORPORATION
735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 768-7709
Mr. Jeffrey D. Black AF 02-202 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Digital Beamforming Array Technology for Application in Space |
| Abstract: | Beamforming antennas are used for shaping the antenna patterns for receiving and/or transmitting signals. Antenna patterns are shaped to get maximum gain in desired directions and least gain in undesired directions, like the direction of an interfering source. Typically, beamforming is performed in the analog domain, but advances in digital technology are enabling digital beamforming for higher performance shaping/nulling. However, in applying the technology in space; power, mass, and size are premium considerations. This project addresses digital beamforming array technology for application in space by analyzing low mass materials and low power electronics as well as low power processing algorithms. The goal of this effort is to design a receive-only subarray that will demonstrate low mass, low power, high performance digital beamforming array technology. This project will advance technology for space communications systems, enabling the application of improved beamforming antennas. As a result, this capability will improve satellite control and data flow to satellites. |
| DEFENSE RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.
3915 Germany Lane, Suite 102 Beavercreek, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 255-2811
Mr. Ronald L. Clericus AF 02-204 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Simulator Technologies for Rapid Prototyping of Advanced Receiver/Processor |
| Abstract: | Man/hardware-in-the-loop laboratory simulation is the most cost-effective methodology for maturing advanced receiver/processor technologies because the battlefield can be brought to the laboratory through multi-spectral synthetic battlespace simulation. Current laboratory RF emission simulators cannot generate the high fidelity, real-time signal environment required to evolve advanced receiver/processor technology development. DRA proposes to solve this challenging technology limitation by developing a Modular Analog/Digital Simulator Technology (MAST) concept for rapid prototyping of advanced RF receiver processor capabilities that leverages the Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) analog/digital component technology base. MAST will utilize a distributed architecture that will support the employment of the DoD High Level Architecture (HLA) concept for conducting collaborative research. The MAST modular architecture concept will utilize digital/analog COTS components to provide a cost effective approach for rapidly increasing simulator fidelity. MAST will provide simulator technology to develop advanced receiver/processors for new military concepts such as Advanced Tactical Targeting Technologies (AT3) and Advanced Threat Alert and Response (ATAR) for application to military aircraft such as F-15, F-16, F-117, B-1B, B-52, B-2, and C-130. During Phase II, DRA will implement a prototype capability into the Sensors Directorate's Integrated Demonstrations and Applications Laboratory (IDAL) and demonstrate key performance characteristics. The Phase II effort will provide a building block capability for rapid evolution of advanced RF receiver/processor technology. The Phase I/II SBIR results shall provide a real-time RF environment simulation base that will address the needs of evolving advanced RF receiver/processors. This simulation technology base will be leveraged to provide RF simulation products resulting in Phase III initiatives that address both government and commercial applications in markets such as the telecommunications and sensor industries. |
| EMERSON & CUMING MICROWAVE PRODUCTS INC.
28 York Avenue Randolph, MA 02368 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 961-9600
Dr. David A. Gibbs AF 02-205 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Efficient Luneberg Lens for Multi-frequency SATCOM Antenna |
| Abstract: | A Luneberg lens is a sphere of low-loss dielectric material whose index of refraction varies along any radius in accord with Luneberg's equation. The lens is inherently wideband and is a candidate for multi-frequency aircraft SATCOM antennas. The continuous index of refraction variation of an ideal lens is often approximated by a series of concentric spherical shells of constant refractive indices. Difficulty has been encountered in achieving maximum gain performance at high microwave frequencies, believed due to difficulties with current multi-shell fabrication technology. Also, current fabrication materials possess a relatively low melting point, limiting transmitting power due to RF heating. We have recently invented syntactic foam composite material and fabrication technology for Luneberg lenses capable of overcoming within shell non-homogeneity, interfacial gaps between shells and current transmit power limitations. Utilizing prediction software using spherical wave functions and boundary value matching, lens design will be optimized for performance/cost. Syntactic composites especially suitable for high frequency and high power performance will be developed. Specific recommendations for the target 8 inch diameter hemisphere illuminated at 44 GHz will be determined. We anticipate demonstrating new composite technologies enabling the manufacture of low dielectric, low loss materials coupled with design techniques that allow fabrication of high performance, low cost Luneberg lenses. Such lenses, combining the high gain of a dish antenna, the steering ease of a phased array at lower cost, and wide bandwidth are especially suitable for video and Internet applications. Examples are: components of SATCOM terminals; video and data connections to the cockpit and passengers in commercial aircraft; and land based antennas for Internet communications with low orbiting satellites. |
| JAYCOR, INC.
3394 Carmel Mountain Road San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 720-4081
Thomas B. Simpson AF 02-206 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Performance Atomic Clock Using Double-Locked Laser Diodes |
| Abstract: | High-performance atomic clocks suitable for Air Force missions such as the Global Positioning System would benefit from new enabling technology that overcomes existing performance bottlenecks due to optical pumping characteristics and electronics noise. We will investigate the use of double-locked laser diodes for optical pumping of passive, gas-cell Rubidium frequency standards. The double-locked laser diode produces an output at two optical frequencies that have a frequency offset that can be precisely tuned and stabilized. The offset frequency can be tuned to be resonant with the ground-state magnetic-dipole transition frequency spliiting of the Rubidium atoms used as the frequency reference in optically-pumped, passive gas-phase atomic clocks. Using Coherent Population Trapping, the two-frequency optical excitation has been shown to generate a superior clock signal relative to conventional schemes. The proposed program will demonstrate how the double-locked laser configuration further improves performance through superior optical excitation characteristics and reduced microwave electronics requirements, and reduced size and power needs of the physics package. Experimental investigations will be combined with theoretical modeling of the doubly resonant optical pumping and systems analysis of the atomic clock package. High-precision atomic clocks enhance the performance of devices that use the Global Positioning System. Both military and civilian applications related to precise location and frequency determination would benefit from a more precise frequency standard. Success in the Phase I program would show that the double-locked laser diode would allow existing performance bottlenecks to be overcome, and lead to design and fabrication of improved atomic clocks. |
| KERNCO, INC
28 Harbor Street Danvers, MA 01923 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 777-1956
Mr. Martin W. Levine AF 02-206 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Performance Atomic Clocks for Space |
| Abstract: | In response to the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program solicitation No. AF02-206, "High Performance Atomic Clocks for Space", Kernco, Inc. proposes the further investigation and realization of our new technology known as "Prestimulated Coherent Population Trapping Rubidium Maser" (PCR-MaserTM). The PCR-MaserTM unit combines excellent short-term stability with superior aging and drift characteristics approaching those of the hydrogen maser. The PCR-MaserTM clock is based on the principles of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT), a quantum-mechanical process that allows coherent microwave emission without population inversion. Elimination of the need for an inversion of the hyperfine state populations enables the implementation of maser-like devices without threshold constraints, significantly simplifying both the design and reliability of the maser resonator. Prestimulated-CPT is a major refinement of the Kernco proven Coherent Population Trapping technology. Kernco's PCR-Maser provides excellent short-term stability with superior aging and drift characteristics over that of current GPS satellite clocks. Since there are no consumables, pumping systems or spectral lamps, the PCR-Maser allows longer lifetime with greater reliability. Furthurmore, the PCR-Maser can be fabricated in a compact form factor suitable for direct insertion into the current GPS spacecraft configurations. |
| AVTEC SYSTEMS, INC.
10530 Rosehaven Street, Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 273-2211
Dr. Philip Moser AF 02-208 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Global Positioning System/Inertial Measurement Unit Ultra-Tightly Coupled Integrity Monitoring |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a Global Positioning Satellite/Inertial Measurement Unit (GPS/IMU) integrity monitor using techniques that can be implemented in parallel. The first technique takes advantage of the GPS link modulation, namely spread spectrum coding and bi-phase shift keying. A multiple step procedure will allow spectrum monitoring for downlink integrity, increased background noise, jamming and interference. This procedure will detect changes in the general noise background, the presence of several types of jamming and interference signals. It will also estimate, track the frequency difference of arrival between the downlinks and provide separate, independent geolocation and velocity estimates. The second technique will examine the modeling assumptions of the system errors. Two filters will be developed each based on different probability density functions. A detection criteria will be derived that compares the two filter outputs to a given threshold to determine whether or not the receiver integrity has been compromised An IMU integrity monitor will be developed using trend analysis and frequency rate residuals analysis of the rate data. Archived data taken during previous aircraft experiments will be used to verify and validate the model. The algorithms will be developed and demonstrated using Avtec's heritage GPS receiver simulator. The anticipated benefits and commercialization strategy of the successful completion of the project will provide a new means for providing fault monitoring in a complex navigation system. For military operations, this technology will be key to a number of new concepts under development. Examples include precision airborne navigation that is required during the landing phase of operations, and is also required during terrain following missions. Other possible uses include distributed sensor integration that requires knowledge of the integrity of a participating member in order to make accurate assessments. Additional uses include unmanned aerial vehicles that require fault monitoring at all times during flight in order to make proper unsupervised decisions. There are potential applications associated with marine navigation. The extension to commercial markets is quite feasible, and is certainly possible in aviation. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORPORATION
Post Office Drawer 719, 735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9261
Dr. Byron M. Welsh AF 02-209 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Radar Mode Design for Optimal Detection, Tracking, and Identification of Time Critical Targets |
| Abstract: | The Air Force and DARPA have devoted an enormous effort to the data acquisition, signal processing, and signature exploitation of stationary and moving ground targets as seen from airborne radar sensors. This previous work has, for the most part, concentrated on conventional radar modes and well established target signature features. However, to our knowledge, the research community has not looked at first principles of radar mode design to understand how the radar mode can be set up to optimally produce signature derived information for battlefield intelligence objectives. The objective of this research program is to investigate this fundamental question and understand how radar modes can be designed to optimally produce signature derived information for satisfying battlefield intelligence objectives. In this work we will extend the scope of previous work in signature exploitation and consider higher level battlefield intelligence objectives while, at the same time, optimizing the radar mode characteristics for satisfying those intelligence objectives. Commercial benefits of the proposed research include all applications of detection and identification of moving and stationary targets using high resolution radar systems. These applications include detection and tracking of planes and ground vehicles at airports for safety purposes, detecting and tracking of cars and trucks on highways for track flow analysis and safety, detection and tracking of intruders and non-intruders for building surveillance, detection and tracking of cargo handlers (fork lifts, trucks, people) in large, congested warehouse environments for safety and efficiency, and detection and tracking moving parts within a manufacturing plant for monitoring and controlling the manufacturing process. We anticipate that the need to track and identify a large number of targets in a diverse set of environments (like those mentioned above) will grow significantly as the adaptive signal and array processing capability inproves to the point that clutter and interference are effectively mitigated and target parameters can be reliably estimated. The benefit of such a capability will impact all the commercial applications discussed above simply by making such a capability a reality. |
| CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORPORATION
727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-2567
Mr. Glenn Beach AF 02-211 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Automatic 3-D Structure Creation and Target Identification |
| Abstract: | The ability to disable a ballistic missile in flight is a major component of ballistic missile defense. Proper surveillance is the first step in this type of defense. The missile must be identified and recognized before any disabling activity can be initiated. Due to the size and speed of typical missiles, standard target recognition approaches have significant problems with recognizing missiles in flight. Once the target is identified, the next step is to predict where it is headed (calculate its trajectory). We believe that the three dimensional structure of the object is the natural framework for performing both of these steps. Cybernet proposes to create a prototype system capable of reconstructing the 3D structure of an object from a series of 2D images of the object. The 3D object information can then be used to determine the object type and the position and orientation of the object in each of the original images. Given enough images, this information provides the necessary data to estimate the missile's trajectory. The proposed technology could be used to increase the speed at which virtual models are created. Additionally, it could be used to improve the capabilities of industrial robots. The ability to accurately determine position and location of an object would allow the robot to properly obtain any item regardless of initial pose. |
| ENERGID TECHNOLOGIES
258 Belmont St Watertown, MA 02472 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 924-6735
Dr. James English AF 02-211 Selected for Award |
| Title: | 3-D Reconstruction for Missile Recognition |
| Abstract: | Energid Technologies proposes to develop a three-dimensional missile geometry recognition system. This system includes a modular software framework for integrating spatial- and temporal-processing components. The spatial processing uses three stages. The first stage is image segmentation for which we will use flexible search vectors. The second stage is rough object type, pose, and geometry recognition. For this, we will use a new approach to template matching, which is our primary algorithmic innovation. The third stage is fine object type, pose, and geometry recognition. For this, we will use real-time three-dimensional object matching through on-line synthetic image generation. Adding new modules to the system will be straightforward, and adding new missile families will be done quickly using three-dimensional articulated models. Energid Technologies has developed an XML-based language for describing articulated objects that will be applied to this problem. All software will be implemented in C++ toolkit form for easy use and adaptability. Through the SBIR research effort, Energid Technologies will provide the Air Force with a missile geometry recognition system in software toolkit form. The system will identify the type, pose (position and orientation), and geometry of members of missile families. The completed recognition system will be able to identify the geometry of general moving objects, meeting the Air Force's stated needs for recognition and registration of missiles, but also providing the basis for a commercial three-dimensional object-recognition toolkit. This toolkit will find application in the air traffic control and military domains, where aerospace objects will be identified. But also, because the system will be implemented in a modular form using C++, it will be a powerful tool with application to a wide range of terrestrial applications, including manufacturing and agriculture. |
| ENIG ASSOCIATES, INC.
12501 Prosperity Drive, Suite 340 Silver Spring, MD 20904 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 680-8600
Dr. Julius W. Enig AF 02-211 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Unique Model of Plume RF Signatures for Missile Detection, Identification, Characterization, and Tracking |
| Abstract: | To provide the Air Force with new space-borne intelligence gathering techniques for the detection, identification, characterization, and tracking (DICT) of hostile ballistic and cruise missiles and other advanced systems, we propose innovative and unique physical models that allow for the interpretation of radio frequency (RF) signatures of missile plumes in a way that is directly traceable to the radiating source. The signature is the result of both thermal and nonthermal radiation: the calculation of nonthermal radiation from plumes has never been done before; the usual thermal radiation theory must be expanded to include our unique model of electric charge separation in hot, ionized combustion gases in order to calculate accurately the electrical conductivity within the plume and, therefore, of the radiation from the plume. We also provide preliminary estimates of where in the RF frequency range satellite sensors should be sensing. Inasmuch as the radiation phenomena have no effect on plume flow field, whereas the latter determines the former, the output of any appropriate plume flow field computer code becomes the input to our proposed post-processor 3-dimensional radiation code RFPLUME. Previously, we applied the theoretical model of electric charge separation to the nonthermal RF radiation from detonating explosives/warheads. Physical model can be used to detect, identify, characterize, and track missile plumes and therefore the missile; to identify location of launch tube from muzzle blast after projectile exit. to identify sources of weapons fire, building demolition, land clearance, and mining operations, pyroclastic flows, and underground magma. |
| CONTROL SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC
P. O. Box 357 Crestview, FL 32536 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(850) 689-3284
Mr. Michael P. Chaloupka AF 02-212 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Dual-Use Visualization Tools For Aircraft System/Subsystem Performance Assessments |
| Abstract: | CSR's approach to providing a low-cost, Dual-Use PC-based Visualization Tool set for Aircraft System/Subsystem Performance Assessment will couple the network communications mechanism provided by the High-Level Architecture (HLA) protocols with CSR's 3D visualization real-time GPS Simulator interface technologies. CSR will define an HLA Federation within the GPSView framework for access to system avionics state data for real-time and post test visualization and analysis within a 3D DTED virtual environment. The virtual scene shall be capable of displaying up to four real-time vehicle state data whose data originates either within GPSView's scaleable six-degree-of-freedom models or is obtained from the HLA network. GPSView virtual environment shall also display HLA Federation Object Model data to portray the state of additional simulators (jammers, emitter, vehicles, etc). GPSView's FOM definition will allow participating federates to exchange dynamic state information of the GPS simulator and attached instrumentation through the HLA RTI. Accurate timing information (critical for dynamic models within a networked simulation) will be provided via GPSView's interfaces to a high fidelity GPS constellation simulator and CSR's GPSCom's avionics instrumentation system. CSR will investigate adding high speed SCRAMNet or reflective interfaces to communicate with the avionics subsystem hardware-in-the-loop high performance homogeneous or heterogeneous communications architectures. A major benefit of Dual Use Visualization Tools research and development is to provide an HLA Federation interface to GPS Satellite Constellation Simulators and avionics subsystems to facilitate exchange of data, control and 3D visual analysis of GPS data and aircraft subsystem interaction in multi-player mixed mode simulations. Visualization of complex real-time and post-mission data sets will provide commercial and military users the ability to assess system status and performance with increased productivity. The outcome will provide system interoperability and reuse with other HLA installations requiring access to the Federation defined under this work. STRICOM, DSMO and commercial installation will benefit from mechanization of the visualization system with real-time hardware-in-the-loop interfaces through use of DSMO HLA infrastructures. CSR has identified the following potential commercial applications: GPS Simulator Manufactures, DOD HWIL, Interactive Gaming, and Commercial Aircraft. |
| FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6785 Hollister Avenue Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 685-6672
Mr. Ronald Grider AF 02-212 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Dual-Use Visualization Tools For Aircraft System/Subsystem Performance Assessments |
| Abstract: | Modeling and simulation are being utilized extensively for prediction and analysis of aircraft performance, at both the system and subsystem levels. Primary among the challenges of utilizing M&S is that analysis of simulation data requires substantial time, manpower, and cost to translate the results into meaningful information for rapid system/subsystem design and performance assessment. Since more information can be presented in a given space and is more easily understood when represented visually rather than textually, data visualization tools can often be more effective than text-based data reduction methods for increasing productivity and reducing time/cost/manpower in M&S results analysis. FTI proposes to develop a concept in Phase I for an innovative, user friendly, dual-use (military and commercial) visualization technologies and tools system that automatically translates simulation results into high fidelity formats where the analyst can readily visualize the predicted performance. This system, called "Visualization Integration from Simulations & Tools for Assessment" (VISTA) will address the critical M&S visualization challenges by (1) incorporating the results of investigation and experimentation with effective dual-use visualization technologies/tools, (2) leveraging existing COTS audio, visual, and data stream near-real-time capture and multi-cast technologies, and (3) leveraging our previous common data object modeling and data interoperability research. VISTA will complement the existing simulation interoperability provided by the DoD's High Level Architecture (HLA) distributed simulation paradigm, and will be essentially transparent to the execution of existing M&S tools. Phase II effort would then develop, test, demonstrate, and selectively deploy the VISTA capability. Anticipated benefits of this research are: ú Enable significant reductions in data evaluation and assessment, thereby reducing the amount of time required to make design and/or development decisions influencing acquisition timelines. ú A much more visual performance data post-processing capability would result in improving the human analysis of this data, improving the quality of decisions resulting from that analysis. ú Through much more user friendly, visual oriented results products, dramatically improve the level of detail of evaluation of post-test / experiment results while at the same time drastically increasing the sheer amount of data that can be quickly analyzed, resulting in better decisions based on a more extensive base of information. ú Major aircraft production companies (Boeing, Lockheed-Martin, etc.) to augment their CAD/ CAM design infrastructures to improve the quality and reduce the time / cost involved of their test results assessment process. ú Major aircraft engine manufacturers to improve the quality and reduce the time / cost involved of their test results assessment process. ú Air Force (and other Service) T&E centers, to improve the quality and reduce the time / cost involved with independent T&E of major acquisition programs. ú Extend this concept to other areas, such as the large database of intertwined results that come from a large Wargame or military exercise, e.g. JEFX. |
| IPITEK
2330 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 438-1010
Dr. David Schaafsma AF 02-213 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Uncooled, High Signal-To-Noise Millimeter Wave Active Imaging Filter (PR02-427) |
| Abstract: | We propose to research, design, and develop optical active filters to allow mmW imaging using standard cameras such as charge-coupled device (CCD) arrays. The proposed device does not require cooling or high voltages and can be made in the same form factor as conventional VIS/NIR cameras. In addition, the number of required components (mixers, amplifiers, downconverters) as well as the information processing load (i.e. in conversion of waveforms to the frequency domain) can be greatly reduced, resulting in lower cost and better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These systems by themselves already have a large number of commercial and military applications - including aircraft safety, facilities security, and homeland defense. |
| JJW CONSULTING,INC.
455 commack road deer park, NY 11729 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(631) 595-3286
Dr. Richard Augeri AF 02-214 Selected for Award |
| Title: | 140 GHz Imaging Technology |
| Abstract: | We are proposing a study to develop an optimum system architecture for an active and passive millimeter wave imaging system at 140GHz. Recent advances in III-V material such as InP enabled manufacturable, low cost, electronics for systems operating at 140GHz. We intend to focus the energy from a scene through a lens to a 20X20 Focal Plane Array that is comprised of stable radiometers with an element spacing of 2.1mm. Operation in this frequency range providedThe proposed system has direct application to all weather landing systems for both day and night operation. There is a need for a low cost all weather landing systems for the commercial aircraft marketplace. The higher resolution at 140GHz also has the potential for applications for navigation systems, targeting systems, weapons detection, and battle damage assessment. In certain situations, the system could be used for through the wall imaging, weapons detection, as well as fire location. |
| MAX-VIZ, INC.
16165 SW 72 Portland, OR 97224 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(503) 968-3036
Dr. J. Richard Kerr AF 02-215 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Real Time Sensor Image Fusion |
| Abstract: | We propose a flexible, very-high performance sensor/data fusion and ground-map correlation processor for Enhanced Vision Systems. The approach utilizes adaptive-system architecture, with algorithms that are realized through an associative, self-organizing neural net implementation. The low cost emulation of this highly parallel network will utilize dynamically programmable, FPGA-based accelerator modules; this approach also removes the processor-memory bottleneck that typically limits high-speed processor performance. The architecture includes preprocessing tailored to individual sensors on a local-area image basis. The geometric representation and registration operations retain the respective high-content data regions from disparate sensor types; an important example is in fusion of an infrared camera (azimuth-elevation data) with imaging mmw radar (range-azimuth data). Adaptive features, which range from threshold adjustments to statistical calculations, are realized through selective feedback loops from the processor output. The sensor/database correlation capability provides ground-map navigation update and hazard recognition. The fusion and correlation functionality provide the required flexibility for advanced avionics/EVS system integration. The ultimate result of such evolution will be a dual use, multi-imager EVS suite, with optimally integrated database, and such added sensors as DGPS, EGPWS, ADS-B, and TCAS. The anticipated benefits of this research will be to provide a powerful but practical processing system for Enhanced Vision Systems. This will afford the real-time, multisensor fusion and ground-map database correlation computations required in such systems. Enhanced Vision is on the threshold of widespread acceptance for obscured-visibility flight operations, including approach/landing and takeoff as well as general safety enhancements.. The potential commercial and dual-use applications include major and regional airline transports, package carriers, military transports, and business and mid/upper level General Aviation aircraft. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Stefano Coraluppi AF 02-218 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Decentralized All-Source Track and Identification Fusion |
| Abstract: | Multi-platform, decentralized tracking for air and ground surveillance has the potential to significantly outperform centralized tracking approaches. Although in principle the centralized architecture is optimal, its use is hampered by the need to interface with legacy systems, by finite bandwidth constraints, network errors, etc. In addition, due to finite processing constraints, a hierarchical, decentralized architecture is known to outperform the single-stage, centralized approach to tracking when processing multiple data streams with widely varying update rates. Our approach to decentralized tracking leverages our experience in multi-source hierarchical tracking and data fusion. Our baseline algorithms include an efficient approach to multi-hypothesis tracking, cutting edge nonlinear filtering, mixed detection-level and track-level processing, and a recursive approach to track fusion that supports real-time processing needs. New capabilities to be developed under this program include adaptive tracklet formation algorithms that reflect target dynamics, target interaction, network loading, and real time demands; a network-centric data association algorithm that is sensitive to transitions from unambiguous to ambiguous data association problems so as to defer key decision-making to downstream processes; effective tracklet processing algorithms that account for data correlation due to common process noise, sensor measurements, and context data; and bias estimation and compensation algorithms for compressed-data settings. The proposed technology will help support network-centric multi-sensor multi-target tracking capabilities for air and ground surveillance. Commercial and military applications include border and maritime surveillance and reconnaissance, and law enforcement for smuggling and other illegal activities. |
| NUMERICA, INC.
PO Box 271246 Ft. Collins, CO 80527 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(970) 419-8343
Dr. Aubrey Poore AF 02-218 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Network-Centric Multiple Frame Association For Distributed Multiple Target Tracking |
| Abstract: | Multiple frame data association methods such as MHT (multiple hypothesis tracking) and MFA (multiple frame assignments) have established themselves as the preferred tracking method. The reason for the success of this class of methods is that difficult data association decisions are held in abeyance until additional information is available. This capability has been developed for either single sensor tracking and for a centralized architecture for multiple sensor tracking; however, it suffers from single-point-failure, delays, and communication loading. Thus, one must turn to a distributed architecture for both estimation/fusion and data association. The objective of the proposed program is the development of a decentralized network-centric multiple frame assignment (MFA) class of architecture algorithms that affordably preserves the quality of a centralized architecture across a network of platforms while managing communication loading and achieving a consistent air picture on entities of interest for each platform. Using an extensive set of tracking metrics on real AWACS data and high fidelity simulated data, issues associated with these architectures will be investigated and solutions proposed. Numerica, Inc. has a very successful record of developing algorithms (specifically in the target tracking area), implementing the algorithms using highly-structured object-oriented software techniques, and licensing the software to defense contractors and the US DoD. Presently, Numerica, Inc. has licensed tracking software to almost all major aerospace companies. Our objective is to formulate new algorithm solutions for the network centric MFA tracking architectures, develop high-quality software, and offer these solutions to MDA contractors and the MDA. |
| ORINCON CORPORATION
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-5530
Dr. S. Lawrence Marple, Jr. AF 02-219 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Knowledge-Aided Overland Height Estimation Using Matched Terrain Processing (MTP) |
| Abstract: | ORINCON proposes to extend a highly successful knowledge-aided (KA) technique called Matched Terrain Processing (MTP) to enable estimates of overland heights of slow, low-flying airborne targets using signals from a surveillance aircraft radar. Such surveillance aircraft typically have antenna apertures with poor elevational resolution, so that the altitude of a target is not directly obtainable through antenna spatial resolution. The MTP is a predictive propagation environment signal processing technique that exploits both digital terrain elevation data (DTED) and microwave backscatter geo-spatial databases. The backscatter database is derived from LULC (land use land cover) databases. We illustrate the value of MTP processing by demonstrating its capability to geolocate a terrestrial pulsed emitter using only a single received pulse intercepted by a single ESM aircraft platform, using the KA exploitation of the terrestrial emitter's interaction with the surrounding terrain. The altitude estimation technology developed on this effort will enable future tactical implementations involving precision handover from surveillance systems to fire control assets. It is anticipated that cartographic data derived directly from geo-specific remotely sensed imagery would be used to drive the advanced signal processing algorithms. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORPORATION
11400 West Olympic Blvd., Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 268-1249
Mr. Richard DiDomizio AF 02-219 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Environmentally Driven Signal Processing Technology for Overland Height Finding |
| Abstract: | Existing techniques for overland height finding may not be compatible with the antenna configurations of emerging and future airborne surveillance radar systems. For example, both monopulse and space-time adaptive processing (STAP) have traditionally been based on monolithic, planar apertures rather than on the conformal arrays of Sensor Craft or the TechSat 21 sparse array of micro-satellites. Additionally, existing techniques have failed to exploit the interaction of the target with its electromagnetic environment by incorporating auxiliary sources of knowledge such as DTED and LULC. In the proposed study, TSC will demonstrate the feasibility of three new and innovative height-finding algorithms: 1) a combination of multipath and terrain-masking exploitation, 2) Prony's method, and 3) stereoscopic processing. All three techniques are inherently dependent on knowledge-aided (KA) signal processing or use auxiliary sources of knowledge to improve algorithm performance. In particular, the first technique exploits the interference pattern between the direct and specular multipath returns from a target that occurs over smooth terrain, and the interrupted detection history of a target that occurs due to masking over rough terrain. All techniques will be evaluated to determine their height estimation accuracy and their compatibility with both conventional and unconventional air surveillance systems. The reliable detection and three-dimensional tracking of slow, low-flying air vehicles is a key operational requirement that will enable future ISR systems to more thoroughly prosecute difficult targets. An improved height-finding capability that is compatible with conformal and sparse arrays can potentially benefit a wide range of sensor systems including airborne early warning (AEW) radars, space-based radars (SBR), and foliage-penetration (FOPEN) radars. Adapting the height-finding algorithms to each of these diverse systems for real-time operation represents a significant commercialization opportunity. |
| NEURAL COMPUTING SYSTEMS, LLC
2081 Business Center Drive, Suite 206 Irvine, CA 92612 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 475-1840
Dr. Bradley Denney AF 02-221 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improved Pose Estimation for Tracking and Identification Systems |
| Abstract: | We propose to study the variability of current GMTI pose estimates, study whether external or acquired factors my improve pose such as terrain maps, road maps, and vehicle speed and maneuverability esimates. Aslo we propose to explore the feasibility of using the preliminary steps of our SCAT modeling process to improve pose estimates. The first step of the SCAT modeling process uses tomography (inverse radon transform) to create a potential scatterer map. This map locates the potential locations of three-dimensional scatterers. When the pose angles are slightly off the potential scatterer map becomes blurred. Auto-focusing techniques may have the potential of improving pose by using the pose parameters of the HRR observations as the focusing parameters. The proposed technology may be used for: assembly line inspection facilities, Improved medical tomographic imaging, and as a DOD fielded technology. Since SCAT model is to be tested with the AMSTE-II DARPA program there is a vehicle for the transfer of the pose estimation technology to be fielded into the DARPA system. |
| ORINCON CORPORATION
9363 Towne Centre Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 455-5530
Mr. Leon Elam AF 02-222 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fusion-Aided Continuous ID for Targeting (FACIT) |
| Abstract: | Ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radar provides continuous wide area surveillance coverage and precision tracking of ground moving vehicles. However, there are multiple scenarios, which can be grouped into loss of data and excessive data problems, in which tracks can be broken. Most recent research has approached this problem by attempting to fuse radar feature information into a kinematic tracker. This fusion approach actually increases the computational load on the tracker, thus decreasing tracker performance in critical situations. This concept is based on ORINCON's work on the PFCT and Moving Target Feature Phenomenology for Track Maintenance (MTFPTM) programs. ORINCON's approach to the problem is to implement a Feature Processor and a Target ID Manager (TIM) as separate processes. This approach leaves the kinematic tracker free to perform only kinematic tracking, and leaves the computationally intensive feature extraction algorithms in their own process. At the end of Phase I, we will show that a TIM-enabled tracking system can maintain target identification through many common kinematically confusing scenarios. This will lead to the development of a robust feature processor for integration into a full Target ID Manager-enabled prototype tracking system in Phase II. This research will lead to improvements in long-term track maintenance. These improvements will be applicable to all military systems that require automatic surveillance, tracking, and identification. In addition to the military applications, civilian applications include, but are not limited to, commercial aviation, Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS), drug enforcement, and security in industrial facilities. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Mr. Kevin J. Sullivan AF 02-222 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fusion-Aided Continuous ID for Targeting (FACIT) |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms that will task future radars so that the location and identification (ID) of time-critical targets can be supported. Our approach is to treat the problem as a closed-loop feedback system where a fusion-aided continuous ID process works with a dynamic sensor-tasking module to maximize the amount of information contained in a track database. The amount of information is quantified using an information-theoretic definition of the expected entropy in the track database given a candidate sensor schedule. The domain of sensor tasks involves a range of different modes and waveforms so that the tracker may best be serviced for different values of on the expected signal-to-interference ratio, resolution, background traffic, and vehicle classification. In order to evaluate the sensor-tasking module, we will build an improved radar model within the SLAMEM simulation with the assistance of our subcontractor CAESoft Incorporated. We will also implement the dynamic sensor tasker within SLAMEM to control the new radar model and evaluate its performance. We will finish Phase I with a demonstration of the tasking algorithm operating in real time. The successful completion of this research will result in the development of a sensor manager that supports the location and identification of ground vehicles. This will be useful for many military applications in addition to civilian uses such as border patrol, counter drug and counter-terrorist operations, and fishery law enforcement. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Mahendra Mallick AF 02-223 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Joint Target Tracking and Classification using GMTI/HRR Data |
| Abstract: | Target tracking and classification form a coupled problem due to mutual dependence of the continuous kinematic state and discrete target class. Many tracking systems treat tracking and classification either separately or only utilize the one-way coupling between tracking and classification. We propose to develop new algorithms and software to perform joint tracking and classification (JTC) using GMTI sensor measurements and features derived from high range resolution (HRR) profiles by exploiting the coupling between the two systems. We shall implement the JTC algorithms in ALPHATECH's PFCT tracker, a multi-target multi-sensor multiple hypothesis tracker to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. The range profile for a target is a function of the orientation (aspect and depression angles), range, disturbances in the propagation medium, and signal processing. In order to mitigate the presence of noise in range profiles, we propose to perform robust classification using features extracted from the incoming and stored range profiles using information theoretic feature selection methods, and multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) based feature prediction models. We shall demonstrate improved measures of performance by JTC using simulated and real GMTI data from AMSTE I and II and real HRR data from MTFP. Development of a joint tracking and classification system has a wide range of military and commercial applications. This research will benefit surveillance of the battlespace, where we can achieve significantly improved tracking and classification in dense target scenarios, which would not be feasible otherwise. This effort will directly benefit a number of government funded programs such as AMSTE, CAESAR, and DTT where we can perform JTC using kinematic and feature measurements. Commercial applications of the research include air traffic surveillance, border surveillance by the Drug Enforcement Agency, and Immigration and Naturalization Service. |
| MRLETS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
616 Brookmeade Ct. Beavercreek, OH 45434 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 902-1434
Dr. Lang Hong AF 02-223 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Joint Multiple Hypothesis Tracking and Identification (JMHTI) With GMTI/HRR Data |
| Abstract: | MRLets Technologies, Inc. proposes an innovative approach for joint target tracking and identification (ID). The innovation is composed of three major components: exploitation of local and global motions, joint multiple hypothesis tracking and identification (JMHTI) and wavelets domain statistic processing of local motion information. The proposed research embarks upon the first research of this kind in discovering the information coupling mechanism between target kinematics and ID spaces, and the key is the introduction of global motion and local motion. Local motion carries certain kinematics information and rich ID information and therefore, naturally serves as an information coupling mechanism. One of the challenges is the separation of local motion from composite motion information delivered by GMTI and HRR sensors. We proposed to use a wavelets domain statistic processing technique based on the hidden Markov trees (HMT) approach for local motion information decomposition. A new and powerful joint tracking and identification -- joint multiple hypothesis tracking and identification (JMHTI) -- is proposed as a main processing engine for track and ID estimation. One of the main advantages of JMHTI is the multiscan information accrual in both kinematics and ID spaces which effectively alleviates the impact of noisy aspect angles. The proposed JMHTI is expected to benefit significantly both tracking and ATR communities. The proposed joint GMTI/HRR tracking and identification system will primarily benefit military and aerospace applications, including surveillance/reconnaissance systems for battlefield command and control. It also has great potential in commercial applications, such as highway traffic control and safety systems. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Dr. Craig S. Agate AF 02-223 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Coupled Tracker and Identification Algorithms |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research proposes to develop a particle filter-based Bayesian state estimation algorithm. Motivated by the increasing availability of high-range-resolution radar (HRRR) data and the benefits of incorporating "feature" information into tracking algorithms, we will develop a particle filtering algorithm which utilizes feature information in HRRR data for coupled tracking and identification. Several attributes make the particle filter an attractive approach for the joint tracking and identification of multiple ground targets. Specifically, (1) Particle filters do not rely on linearity or require Gaussian likelihoods and naturally handle non-Gaussian likelihood functions or those available through table look-up only. (2) For multi-target tracking, no propagation of association hypotheses is required to obtain the optimal Bayesian solution. It is sufficient to generate hypotheses at the current frame only. (3) The state space geometry is no impediment to implementing the particle filter; thus, road-constrained ground tracking is easily accomplished without ad-hoc approximations. The resulting multi-target joint tracking and identification algorithm will be evaluated using an event-based simulation called SLAMEM. Implementing the filter within the simulation will allow for an analysis and demonstration of the filter's required run-time for cases with large numbers of targets. The successful completion of this research shall result in tracking algorithms that handle nonlinearities in measurements or dynamics, and incorporate high-range-resolution radar data in a mathematically sound way to jointly estimate the kinematic parameters and class of a target. In addition to the obvious benefit to military commanders, the approach should prove useful in monitoring fishing grounds, fighting drug trafficking, and following and identifying criminals. |
| INTEGRATED SENSORS, INC.
502 Court St., Suite 210 Utica, NY 13502 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 798-1377
Dr. Paul Rivkin AF 02-224 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multiple Database Evidence Accrual Techniques |
| Abstract: | Current Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems have access to data originating from a number of assets each with distinct information content and reporting characteristics. A process for combining the information from these assets to form an accurate and integrated tactical picture is needed. Reports may be delayed or consist of track segments. Correct report association is arguably the key factor driving the performance of target tracking and identification, and ultimately the fidelity of the collective tactical assessment. ISI proposes a novel application of Bayesian Networks (BN) to accomplish multitarget, multisensor report association and identification. Practical system implementation is afforded by trading optimality with computational requirements through user-specified and/or automatic control of tracking parameters. A BN architecture structured for efficient implementation of a multiple hypothesis tracking regime, with the potential for optimal Bayesian association and ID, has been set forth with the flexibility to intrinsically handle association of delayed reports to fused-tracks. Procedures for performing the track fragment association within the BN framework are established. Military applications include battlefield surveillance, target identification, situational awareness analysis, and high-value asset location. Commercial applications include air traffic control, traffic monitoring and flow analysis, and drug interdiction. |
| AKELA, INC.
5276 Hollister Avenue, Suite 263 Santa Barbara, CA 93111 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 683-6414
Mr. Allan Hunt AF 02-227 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ultra-Wide Band Surveillance Radar |
| Abstract: | This proposal seeks to investigate the feasibility of using a stepped frequency, wideband radar for the wide area surveillance of fixed and mobile assets. The proposed radar was developed with sponsorship from the National Institute of Justice for concealed weapons detection, and is currently being used on an AFRL program to develop a wall penetrating, imaging sensor system. The proposed radar has a an operating frequency range of 250 to 3000 MHz giving it a range resolution of 5.5 cm. All of its waveform generation functions are under digital control allowing it to be used adaptively to enhance the information needed for detection, classification, and tracking algorithms, and to avoid transmitting in critical operational frequency bands. It uses high volume, low cost, commercially available electronic components which will lead to low acquisition and lifecycle costs. And its use of stepped frequency transmission provides simplified timing and control, enhanced jam immunity, and low probability of intercept. Successful completion of this program will result in a complete system simulation of our concept, identification of critical technology if any, and the design of a hardware experiment to demonstrate performance. This sensor concept is potentially extremely low cost, inherently survivable, and capitalizes on the rapid advances in computing technology made over the past two decades. Potential applications include counter narcotic surveillance, security of fixed sites, and surveillance of criminal activity. |
| XONTECH, INC.
6862 Hayvenhurst Avenue Van Nuys, CA 91406 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 525-1616
Mr. Eddie Hughes AF 02-227 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ultra-Wide Band Perimeter Security System |
| Abstract: | XonTech Inc., is proposing the design, development, and employment of a reliable dual frequency ultra-wide band (UWB) radar system, capable of foliage penetration (FOPEN), that can be used independently or to complement or supplement existing perimeter security systems in such a manner that it will afford decision makers the flexibility to employ their security forces as tactically required; to focus their immediate attention to gaps or weaknesses in the total system. Our approach is to leverage directly from the engineering and technical work we have already performed in designing, developing, and producing our XonTrak 3000 X-band radar intrusion detection system. We believe this system is quite capable of being modified to fully address the requirements of this SBIR and will prove to be an attractive cost effective approach. The XonTrak system currently incorporates many of the stated performance requirements of this SBIR as well as numerous desired operational features. The primary benefit to be derived is an inexpensive and unobtrusive longer-range detection, discrimination, and tracking intrusion detection system. Our system will be all-weather capable. Additionally, it will use commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components making it significantly less expensive to maintain. The design also lends itself to minimal and easy preventive maintenance. The system is user friendly, which means training will also be minimal. We have already begun to market the XonTrak 3000 and currently have about half-a-dozen potential clients including 1 system for Wright-Patterson AFB. Although the primary purpose for the purchase of each system will be for perimeter security, each customer will use the system in a slightly different manner. The XonTrak 3000 design allows for it to be easily configured suiting clients' particular parameters. For example, Mid-American Petroleum will use the system to protect one of its small tanker installations in Iowa. The XonTrak will be used to monitor an area outside of a fenced secure area. The system is intended only to alert security force personnel of the presence of potential "threat" personnel. Further scrutiny by security personnel will determine if the monitored personnel are indeed acting suspicious or are becoming more of a dangerous threat. At that time, security force personnel would then need to engage the intruders. Radar technology represents an innovative approach to mitigating many security issues. This makes it ideal for use at schools; airports; seaports, waterways, and harbors; large industrial facilities, and oil fields. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Steven M. Crooks AF 02-228 Selected for Award |
| Title: | SAR-to-HRR Feature Association for Move-Stop-Move Tracking |
| Abstract: | An operational move-stop-move tracking capability would lead to dramatic improvements in overall battlefield awareness because it would increase the availability of sensing and exploitation assets that currently must be tasked to re-establish target identity after track breaks. The critical challenge in move-stop-move tracking is to associate a collection of HRR measurements of a moving target with a SAR image of a stationary target. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative stochastic framework for constructing, from a SAR image, a probability density function for observed HRR profiles connected with a target track. This approach makes it possible to extrapolate information in a SAR image collected at a given target aspect to predict HRR profiles at other aspect angles while appropriately accounting for signature uncertainties, which increase as the aspect angle differences increase. The approach also provides a rigorous framework for directly computing the likelihood of an HRR measurement, which can be used as a measure of association strength. The probabilistic formulation is important because it supports natural integration into a multi-hypothesis tracker. We propose a systematic, comprehensive plan to characterize the robustness of our association method using real moving and stationary target signatures from the DARPA MTFP program. The technology developed under this program will contribute directly to the overall military objective of tracking high value targets through various motion states. In addition this technology can be applied to other important problems such as drug interdiction, boarder control, and fixed site security. |
| MARK RESOURCES, INC.
3878 Carson Street, Suite 210 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 543-4746
Dr. August W. Rihaczek AF 02-228 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Move-Stop-Move Signature-Aided Tracking |
| Abstract: | MARK Resources has developed a novel radar signal processing technology for extracting detailed information on all types of man-made targets. The Company proposes to adapt this Complex-Image Analysis technology to the problem of maintaining track on vehicles under all conditions, even when they stop or temporarily hide. The potential of this technology will be demonstrated in Phase I with representative real data. Although maintaining track on a ground vehicle by radar is primarily a military application, the basic signal processing technology is applicable in all situations where details about man-made objects are to be obtained remotely by radar, and for discriminating one type of scatterer from another. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORPORATION
Post Office Drawer 719, 735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9261
Dr. Robert W. Hawley AF 02-228 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Move-Stop-Move Signature-Aided Tracking |
| Abstract: | Long term tracking of a moving target is a difficult problem of great interest at the present time. There are a number of programs investigating various facets of this problem. In the proposed research we tackle the difficulties imposed when a target stops for brief periods of time due to normal traffic. We will develop novel radar signal processing and features for comparison of target signatures collected throughout the move-stop-move cycle. These new techniques will enable a tracker to maintain track on a high valued target regardless of its velocity. The commercial benefits of the proposed research will have an impact on all applications involving tracking and identification of moving targets using high resolution radar. In addition to applications like tracking of high valued targets for defense applications, these techniques could also benefit applications such as detecting and tracking of cars and trucks on highways for traffic flow analysis, safety, counter-terrorism, and law enforcement. Our strategy for commercialization involves producing a real-time implementation of our techniques which we intend to market to various radar manufacturers such as Northrop Grumman Corporation. |
| NEURAL COMPUTING SYSTEMS, LLC
2081 Business Center Drive, Suite 206 Irvine, CA 92612 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 475-1840
Dr. Bradley Denney AF 02-228 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Move-Stop-Move Signature-Aided Tracking |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes a method for Radar-based track maintenance of ground vehicles under move-stop-move scenarios. The method hinges on a technique for discovering and modeling radar scattering centers on three-dimensional surfaces (SCAT). Though a sequence of HRR and SAR observations of the target vehicle, the scattering model is generated. We show that this technique can model ground targets in move-stop-move scenarios because these models can successfully predict HRR and SAR returns from vehicle orientations which were previously unobserved. We propose to study the issues involved in the application of the SCAT modeling technique as it applies to both SAR and HRR data. These issues include: SAR image vehicle heading estimation, HRR and SAR fusion, Quick-SAR potentials in data collection, multi-sensor data, and multi-resolution data. The study will also involve the identification of method strengths and weaknesses including sensitivity to pose errors and resolution. Commercial applications include Intelligent Vehicle Highway System, Border Surveillance, Battlefield Surveillance. It is expected that this study will be directly applicable to work to be performed on the AMSTE-II Darpa project. Neural Computing Systems is a sub-contractor to Northrop Grumman for feature aided tracking for AMSTE-II. |
| SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP.
4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9008
Mr. Todd Grimes AF 02-229 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Parallel Subsampling Frequency Interleaved (PSFI) Bandpass Delta Sigma ADC |
| Abstract: | As jamming-to-signal ratios increase, an alternative to today's ADC architectures is required for systems, such as the global positioning system (GPS). Current specifications mandate a 50MHz bandwidth, 100 MSPS, 16-bits of resolution, signal-to-noise ratio of 90dB, and a power draw of 100mW. Systran Federal Corporation and Wright State University propose a new ADC architecture that extends the Parallel Time Interleaved Multi-bit Feedback ADC architecture developed under Air Force contracts F33615-01-C-1860 and F33615-00-C-1638, as the basis for a subsampling ADC. The new architecture is called Parallel Subsampling Frequency Interleaved (PSFI) ŽO Bandpass ADC. The PSFI architecture incorporates subsampling theory that allows an ADC to operate at much higher frequencies then normal, lessening the need for Intermediate Frequency stages. Essentially, the carrier frequency is removed, leaving behind only the information band. Therefore, adequate bandwidths at high frequencies suitable for use with a GPS in jamming environment are possible. In Phase I we will investigate techniques to develop an optimal, high performance, low power subsampling ADC architecture. Schematic level designs and simulations of the configuration will be implemented together with a fabricated prototype device in Phase II. Devices resulting from the Phase III would find uses in communications, data I/O, and military markets. Our envisioned subsampling PTIMF ADC would provide the capability of high resolution, high frequency, and high SNR in a small, low powered package. Such a device would help to overcome the increased jamming-to-noise ratios in the military environment and would help provide faster, cheaper ADC solutions. |
| THE ATHENA GROUP, INC.
3424 N.W. 31 Street Gainesville, FL 32605 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(352) 371-2567
Mr. Michael P. Lewis AF 02-229 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Peregrine: A High-Precision, High-Speed Analog to Digital Converter |
| Abstract: | Mobile wireless communication systems designers face the challenge of increasing the digital content of their solutions. Digital processing begins with the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which ideally is as close to the antenna as possible. At present, however, existing ADC technology imposes significant speed, power, and precision implementation barriers. For this reason, the U.S. Air Force has challenged the technical community to develop a high-speed, low power, high-precision ADC. The Air Force requirements include 16-bit resolution, 50 MHz minimum bandwidth, 100 MSPS throughput rate, and a power dissipation of less than 100 mW. The proposer's response to this challenge is a radically new ADC technology called Peregrine. Peregrine differentiates itself from other ADC architectures by virtue of the fact that it is based on a number theoretic approach to ADC conversion. Peregrine data conversion is performed within independent small wordlength channels which reduce the ADC mapping to a collection of concurrent low-complexity operations. The Phase I study will research this new ADC architecture, quantifying speed and power metrics for the 16-bit, or better, CMOS design implementations required in mobile wireless applications such as GPS. When commercialized, the resulting Peregrine ADC will be embedded into high-performance wireless system-on-chip (SoC) solutions. The commercial value of the developed technology is substantial since it will facilitate superior wireless solutions and enable new advanced communication SoC designs. This market, which includes GPS, is enormous. The proposer's experience in developing and licensing solutions as intellectual property (IP) in this arena provides a fast and viable track to commercialization. |
| CHEW CONSULTING INCORPORATED
2510 Stanford Drive Champaign, IL 61820 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(217) 359-6062
Mr. Yuancheng Chris Pan AF 02-232 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Accurate Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) Techniques for High Frequency Applications |
| Abstract: | High-accuracy electromagnetic simulation method is traditionally very inefficient. Recently however, MLFMA (multilevel fast multipole algorithm) has demonstrated the ability to solve scattering problems accurately up to X band (10 million unknowns). Although orders of magnitude faster than traditional accurate methods, in the high-frequency regime such as X band, these fast methods are still not as fast as approximate methods. The difference in speed is about factor of 100. But the approximate methods are not as accurate as MLFMA, especially in the lower frequency regime. We seek to further accelerate MLFMA to bring its speed closer to high-frequency approximation methods, but at the same time, maintaining its accuracy. We will use a combination of physics-based method as well as MLFMA to achieve the goal. With this development, we hope to increase the speed of MLFMA by a factor of 10 or more. Then we can solve scattering problems in the X band with the high-accuracy method using routinely available computational resource. The computational and memory complexities of such algorithms will be comparable to codes such as XPATCH. The algorithms derived, aided by mathematical analysis, will capture the entire physics of the scattering problem, involving surface wave and edge diffraction phenomena. The successful development of this technology will add orders of magnitude to the speed of existing high-accuracy electromagnetic simulation software, especially in the high-frequency regime. This will benefit many areas of technologies that presently depend on electromagnetic simulation such stealth technology, automatic target recognition, surveillance and reconnaissance technologies, homeland defense technology, as well as the reflector antenna technology, wireless communication technology, and many optical technologies that require quasi-optical nature of waves. |
| MONOPOLE RESEARCH
739 Calle Sequoia Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 375-0318
Elizabeth Bleszynski AF 02-232 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Accurate Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) Techniques for High Frequency Applications |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a systematic and, at the same time, rigorous and efficient computational scheme for solving high frequency electromagnetic scattering, propagation and imaging problems. The main building blocks of the approach are: 1. A novel high frequency technique based on wavefront evolution method (as opposed to ray tracing). 2. Fast, low frequency modules based on FMM, FFT and "2.5dim" FFT algorithms for solving components of the geometry made of electrically penetrable materials and/or characterized by subwavelength details. 3. A rigorous and efficient iterative solution scheme fully including the mutual coupling between the HF and LF components of the object. The proposed approach will significantly improve capabilities of the existing asymptotic methods to solve practical electromagnetic scattering, propagation and imaging problems of interest to DOD and commercial applications. |
| MISSION RESEARCH CORPORATION
Post Office Drawer 719, 735 State Street Santa Barbara, CA 93102 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9261
Mr. G. Logan DesAutels AF 02-233 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Integrated Electro-Optical and Radio-Frequency Aperture |
| Abstract: | Due to the fact that real estate on specific platforms (i.e. physical space on an aircraft) is already very crowded, it is difficult to house the many optical sensors, antennas, or other sensor components onto such tight-spaced platforms. Therefore, this topic seeks to consolidate as many sensor components as possible in the same architecture to reduce space requirements on platforms that are already busy, and which will enable the use of the best sensing modality for the specific conditions and mission. An Electro-Optic/Radio-Frequency (EO/RF) aperture for both transmission and reception of electromagnetic energy will merge an optical transmitter/receiver into a RF antenna or antennas array (multiple EO sensors in one RF antenna array). This marriage has many other benefits in addition to conserving real estate, such as EO/RF communications, EO/RF target finder and recognition, EO/RF weather radar, and EO/RF atmospheric scanning. Commercial benefits of the proposed research include communications and weather radar applications. For communications, by having an EO aperture/system coupled to a RF antenna, this enables the two bands of frequencies to be used together as a common communicator. For example, a RF signal can locate, by scanning the landscape or satellite, the receiver end, then use optical frequencies or a laser for line-of-sight communications instead of a broad band signal. Another commercial use is weather radar. For instance, RF Doppler radar can be coupled with an EO "radar" to gather additional information about the atmospheric conditions, which can be compared to RF Doppler radar. Employing this integration can couple these bands of frequencies together for numerous applications. |
| NUONICS, INC
3361 Rouse Road, Suite 170 Orlando, FL 32817 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 381-1663
Dr. Nabeel Riza AF 02-233 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Flexible Agile Optical-RF Antenna System |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project deals with a unique photonic beamforming approach that allows truely flexible and agile control of a joint optical-radio frequency phased array antenna. The novel beamformer system rapidly adapts to the mission and operational/environmental scenario allowing agile control of the radio frequency antenna and the optical antenna. Phased array antenna beam steering control is provided with full capability and a diverse range of antenna frontends operating at diverse frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum. Both transmission and reception modes are possible for the joint optical-radio frequency system in a compact optical module. Phase I research will concentrate on the basic proposed module controls concept, architecture, and its proof of concept experimental demonstration. Groundwork will be laid to indicate technical concept feasibility that will lead to a Phase II plan for prototyping and development. Apart from use in battlespace RF and optical sensor environments, the proposed joint optical-radio frequency antenna system, with the capability of agile and flexible beamforming, can be used in: (a) commercial laser radar systems, (b) mobile phased array communication systems, (c) commercial optical wireless links, (d) commercial aircrafts and automobiles, and (e) space astronomical arrays. |
| OPEL
22 Quail Run Road Storrs/Mansfield, CT 06268 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 486-3466
Dr. Jianhong Cai AF 02-233 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An Integrated Photonic and RF Transmitter for Phased Arrays |
| Abstract: | An integrated circuit is proposed which combines coplanar transmission lines, optical waveguides, high power transistors and high power lasers monolithically. The aperture for an RF radar element should be designed as a transmission line with its characteristic impedance matched to that of free space. We propose to achieve this with a field-effect structure in which gate and source terminals form a coplanar line. The input is introduced as a gate-source signal at one end and propagates to the free space termination at the chip edge. It is also possible for the field-effect device to operate as a laser in which the channel region between the sources acts as the waveguide for a high efficiency laser. With the laser biased above threshold, an optical waveguide terminates at the chip edge, such that the modulation power impressed upon the optical signal at the waveguide input is launched as the optical output of a LADAR element. Thus the optical and the RF energies emerge from a common output port (common pointing accuracy) with matched traveling optical and RF wave velocities, eliminating the need for separate chips. In this SBIR, we will develop the technology platform to realize common aperture EO and RF transmitters. The EO/RF common aperture transmistters will become the basis for compact sources for aircraft and auto communication and radar systems. In addition, the ability to produce integrated electronic and optical functions will form the basis for optoelectronic systems which includes very high speed photoreceivers and transmitters. Smart pixel formats will enable a diverse number of applications ranging from computer buses, AD converters, optical data links and optical memories. The integrated approach is the key to reduced cost and improved reliability. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORPORATION
20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Valeriy Chirkov AF 02-233 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optical and Radio Frequencies Integrated Common Aperture Based on Liquid Crystal |
| Abstract: | Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a novel Optical and Radio frequencies Integrated Common Aperture based on LIquid Crystals (ORICAL) system that simultaneously supports radio and optical sensor operation. ORICAL is composed of liquid crystal (LC) elements forming phase-modulating arrays, unifying apertures for radio-frequency (RF) and electro-optical (EO) wavelengths. The LC waveguide phase modulator array will steer RF beams, while LC cells with a blazed grating structure microprism array will scan optical beams. Applying an electrical field to the elements of both arrays will alter the tilt of the LC molecules switching their refraction index, phase modulating all propagating waves. The proposed ORICAL system is based on a new architecture that does not require mechanical or moving parts. Its advantages are: large arrays, thin assemblies, compact form factor, low driving voltage, low power consumption, and low fabrication costs. In Phase I POC will develop all required components, and demonstrate feasibility. In Phase II, an engineering prototype will be developed for field testing. The proposed ORICAL technology will reduce production costs compared to existing sensors with separate apertures. The most notable benefits will be the availability of better, more cost effective sensor systems for military and commercial aircraft, but also for automotive applications. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS INC.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Dr. Mark R. Stevens AF 02-234 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Scoring, Truthing And Registration Toolkit (START) |
| Abstract: | AFRL currently has a large volume of imagery collected for evaluating Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) performance. However, this data cannot be used without adequate truthing information for each image. Truthing information typically consists of the target type and location of the targets present in the imagery. Specifying this information for a large number of images is tedious, time consuming, and error prone. In this Phase I proposal we present a complete truthing system we call the Scoring, Truthing, And Registration Toolkit (START). START uses the concept of a reference frame into which all imagery from a single data collection event (all image sequences of a target array from all sensors) is registered to reduce operator burnout associated with truthing a large number of images. The truth information is then specified once for the common reference frame. No additional information needs to be specified for the entire event, thereby greatly reducing the amount of effort expended truthing the imagery. START also provides a database engine to store all truthing, environment, and sensor information, enabling rapid construction of data subsets for testing ATR performance in specific operating conditions. Finally, START greatly simplifies ATR performance evaluation by automating statistical scoring of all results. Tools for entering and maintaining truth information in imagery have potential uses in many government and industry domains. In addition to the obvious use supporting ATR in many military applications, such tools would have a large market for developers of image analysis systems in medical imaging & pharmaceutical research, face recognition, and surveillance. |
| HYPERSPECTIVES, REMOTE ENVIRON MEASUREMENT SERV
910 Technology Blvd. Suite A Bozeman, MT 59718 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 582-0447
Dr. Robert Crabtree AF 02-234 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Truth Quest: Enabling Operational/Exercise Data |
| Abstract: | Much of the focus of the ATR effort has focused on target definition within a test site. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has demonstrated great potential to precisely identify metal-based targets under precise conditions. Though SAR excels in this area, it is far less useful for predicting vegetative, geologic and non-metallic anthropogenic confusion, the forte of hyperspectral data. Using hyperspectral imagery, which records reflectance in 100 plus bands across the visible to middle infrared spectral range, fused with SAR provides a unique opportunity to significantly enhance the ATR capability of the current SAR-based approach. The project demonstrates how hyperspectral data can contribute to (1) precisely identifying targets located throughout the landscape using hyperspectral imagery to compliment MSTAR target identification, (2) demonstrate the use of high resolution hyperspectral imagery to precisely identify and classify confusion, (3) develop the algorithms and processes necessary to precisely analyze (atmospherically correct, geometrically correct, read and archive, classify and process for integration) using a range of software, existing algorithms, and new algorithms to fuse SAR, hyperspectral and other remotely sensed optical and radar data sets in order to significantly enhance ATR capability across the landscape. The technology will result in new improved methods to precisely detect, measure and describe targets within a confused background of information leading to improved precision and accuracy in the description of factors identified through the fusion of remotely sensed data. |
| VEXCEL CORPORATION
4909 Nautilus Court Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 583-0273
Dr. Carolyn Johnston AF 02-234 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Truth Quest: Enabling Operational/Exercise Data |
| Abstract: | Vexcel Corporation proposes to design and develop an image manipulation toolset that uses RF tag technology to embed ground truth data, including identification, geolocation, and auxiliary data, in normal FOPEN SAR imagery. The encoding system is designed not to interfere with the normal operation of the FOPEN SAR, or the normal detection of target signatures. The encoded data is extracted from the SAR phase history data using an alternative processing flow. The imaging toolkit will support the automatic acquisition and markup of SAR data with coded data from the RF Tag, whenever the data contains embedded RF Tags. The proposed imaging system will be built on top of OpenEV, an imaging toolkit whose source is made freely available under the Open Source license. Long-term remote monitoring of geographically scattered assets, using remotely sensed imagery, has the potential to save many man-hours of travel and field work for engineers in civil and petroleum engineering. RF tag technology and the imaging toolkit designed and developed under this program will permit remote monitoring of geographically distributed corporate or public assets. Data encoded could include data transmitted from the RF Tag with encoded data output from monitoring equipment, as well as geolocation and the imagery itself. A custom monitoring package could consist of an RF tag, a GPS and any other equipment providing required data, and a workstation running OpenEV and executable modules that perform the decoding of imagery. Regular monitoring of equipment status would then require rare maintenance of the RF tag ensemble, and that SAR data of the area being monitored be purchased on a regular basis. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
50 Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 284-8440
Dr. Craig Lawrence AF 02-235 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Opportunistic Sensor Resource Management for Extended Operating Conditions |
| Abstract: | ALPHATECH proposes to develop advanced optimization-based algorithmic methods for the control of distributed sensing systems in extended operating conditions. In particular, we will investigate algorithms for the control of sensor arrays operating under extended operating conditions, that is conditions in which objects may be obscured or hidden, sensor performance may be degraded due to environmental conditions, or there are many tasks compared to available resources. ALPHATECH has been at the forefront of developing new technology enabling the solution of this challenging resource management problem. Specifically, ALPHATECH has developed multi-asset resource allocation and scheduling technology that enables revolutionary management of tasking of heterogeneous sensor enterprises consisting of large number of mobile platforms with heterogeneous sensing capabilities. The current technology utilized advanced optimization methods to synchronize platform trajectories and sensor collection schedules to realize optimized information value from large sets of disparate collection tasking requirements. The core collection management algorithms address uncertainty in realization of collection value through an innovative using of reactive dynamic replanning. In this effort ALPHATECH will extend this work to include develop of a synergistic capability for automatic generation of opportunistic collection tasks together with a capability for dynamic management of sensor collections in extended operating conditions. The development of robust distributed sensor control methods for extended operating conditions has applicability to video surveillance, intelligent traffic control, automated manufacturing, and a large variety of remote sensing applications including military intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and strike missions. Collection management systems that include both mission planning and collection schedule execution control may have broad applications in commercial applications for synchronizing collection of airborne sensing, ground sensor networks and satellite imagery. Emerging commercial applications for satellite imagery including site surveys, transportation network monitoring, environmental monitoring and other applications can potentially benefit from a capability for dynamic opportunistic sensor management. Control technology for dynamic management of sensing networks may also have applicability for distributed control of communication, computer and power networks. |
| DIGITAL SYSTEM RESOURCES, INC.
12450 Fair Lakes Circle, Suite 625 Fairfax, VA 22033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 418-9176
Mr. Todd Bruner AF 02-235 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Opportunistic Sensor Resource Management for Extended Operating Conditions |
| Abstract: | DSR will apply the application of proven artificial intelligence (AI) technology to the problem of controlling distributed Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets in extended operating conditions. DSR has demonstrated these AI technologies to the Air Force Research Lab for their Unmanned Combat Vehicles (UCAV) and Miniature Air Launched Vehicles (MALV). In today's war fighting environment, it is a given that ISR is crucial in deciding the outcome. This is because precision strike targeting (PST) requires a sensor capability which can detect, track, identify, and maintain contact with multiple targets to selectively mass firepower where needed. Clearly, successful time critical targeting (TCT) requires rapid engagement of targets, especially fleeting or emerging targets. This can only be achieved by unprecedented coordination and interoperability in sensor asset management or the Command and Control of ISR (C2ISR). Dynamically adaptive real-time asset algorithms can mitigate the time factor and reduce the amount of information that needs to be communicated over exiting bandwidth limited links. DSR's proposal for Neural Network AI algorithm development is an innovative approach of acceptable risk, leveraging the operational and cost benefits of coordinating ISR assets to achieve full battle space dominance to include TCT engagement and automatic target recognition (ATR). This problem is very similar to a metropolitan community (MetCom) with limited emergency medical facilities in a time of crisis. Coordination and Control of Emergency Service Response (C2ESR) is a problem that would benefit from the Command and Control of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C2ISR) solution. Once an initial system has been developed, it can be adapted to many other useful multi-agent domains, such as distributed robotics, distributed medical assets, process control, and other multi-agent cooperative systems. The overall intention is to create an asset management command and control system that (a) responds quickly and appropriately to dynamic circumstances, (b) supports more than one level of abstraction in reasoning and control, and (c) spreads decision-making ability across several distributed, coordinated agents. This technology can be expanded to law enforcement and commercial asset control such as air traffic control, Border surveillance, and drug interdiction. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Mr. Mark R. Meloon AF 02-235 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Opportunistic Sensor Resource Management for Extended Operating Conditions |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms for creating sensor tasks and assigning them to appropriate sensors based on a priori data, information gathered during surveillance, and assumptions about future events. Our approach will entail constructing an objective function using an information-theoretic definition of entropy. Candidate sensor tasks will be evaluated by their ability to reduce the entropy of the track database. The selection of sensor schedules is equivalent to finding the minimum of the objective function using optimization techniques. For the Phase I effort we plan to adapt the approach that we have developed in previous work to extended operating conditions such as targets that alternate between "hidden" and "open" states. Toyon will implement the algorithm in software and integrate it in our software testbed, SLAMEMT. The benefit of the algorithm over na‹ve approaches to sensor tasking will be demonstrated by running the simulation on an example military surveillance mission. The analysis of the results will suggest features of the algorithm which could be improved in future research. If we are selected to continue development of the concept in Phase II, we would work to refine our algorithm as well as test against more sophisticated surveillance missions. Development of algorithms for the intelligent management of multiple sensors will result in considerably more useful information to warfighters in developing battlefield awareness. Algorithms that consider the potential future utility of sensor tasks in addition to the immediate benefit obtained provide a valuable means of successfully coping with extended operating conditions. |
| BLACK RIVER SYSTEMS COMPANY, INC.
162 Genesee Street Utica, NY 13502 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 732-7385
Mr. Walter Szczepanski AF 02-236 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Concepts for Multi-Mission Radar |
| Abstract: | Black River Systems Co., Inc. proposes to develop techniques for the simultaneous detection, track and geo-location of air and ground targets for a multi-mission radar. An integrated multi-phase development plan is presented which leverages Black River System's radar systems/analysis/simulation and development capability. The primary Phase I emphasis includes: (1) identifying, defining and modeling critical knowledge-based radar technologies required of multi-function, multi-mission radar suites; (2) providing simulation derived performance bound estimates of critical signal processing and mode algorithms under various prime power, update rate and field-of-regard conditions; and (3) developing Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) and Measures of Performance (MOP) to assess the techniques developed in this effort. Based upon the results of the research, performance demonstrations of selected critical knowledge-based signal processing and mode control algorithms are planned via simulation using the MOPs and MOEs defined under this effort. An integrated Phase II plan extending the development of knowledge-aided techniques for multi-function radar control is proposed. The technology developed will become instrumental in developing future DoD radar surveillance and tracking systems. Many commercial applications such as airport surveillance (military and commercial) exist for this knowledge-based technology. Navigation and geodectic research in many marine applications could also benefit. |
| CAE SOFT CORP.
P.O. Box 818 Rockwall, TX 75043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 203-3031
Mr. Robert J. Hancock AF 02-236 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Concepts for Multi-Mission Radar |
| Abstract: | CAE Soft Corporation proposes to develop a unified, simultaneous, and power efficient "Intense Moving Target Surveillance (IMTS)" airborne radar mode that exploits the complimentary aspects of individual SAR, GMTI, AMTI, and ATR modes enabled by using shared aperture, shared energy approaches. The IMTS mode will have the ability to continuously and simultaneously detect, maintain track, and geo-locate airborne, ground moving, and stationary targets as well as perform cumulative ID though all phases of their movement history over wide areas. This ability to continuously track and ID both Airborne Targets (ATs) that weave or hover and Ground Moving Targets (GMTs) that repeatedly move, stop, and move in a dense moving object environment would significantly improve the Air Force's capability in the critical areas of battle space awareness and tracking and targeting of time critical targets. The anticipated benefits are the development of a specific simultaneous IMTS mode but the methodology of the development will extend to both military and commericial applications. Potential civilian applications include airport surveillance radars and multi-function radars for commercial aviation that simultaneously perform wind shear detection and landing assistance displays as well as remote sensing for earth resources. The most applicable for this technique is for earth resources remote sensing function which requires the removal of stationary and moving man-made objects from the data so that the background soils and crops can be examined. |
| BLACK RIVER SYSTEMS COMPANY, INC.
162 Genesee Street Utica, NY 13502 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 732-7385
Mr. Michael Krumme AF 02-237 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Phenomenology Characterization and Advanced Algorithms |
| Abstract: | Black River Systems Co., Inc. and Polatin Corporation propose to develop algorithmic models, data collection methodologies and a proof-of-concept prototype data collection system to accurately characterize the dielectric constants of foliage at VHF/UHF frequencies and subsurface geologies at HF frequencies with the ultimate goal of exploiting these characteristics to improve false alarm control, interference mitigation and adaptive target detection. An integrated multi-phase development plan is presented to build on Polatin Corporation's physics-based, radar terrain simulation technology and Black River System's hardware/software development capability. The primary emphasis includes: (1) development of conceptual measurement techniques for wideband characterization of dielectric constants, (2) design of a dielectric measurement system, possibly a probe or scatterometer system, for trees and bare ground, (3) estimation of the dielectric function of trees and bare ground using state-of-the-art simulation technology and previously measured HF/VHF/UHF radar data, (4) cross-validation of existing dielectric function models and the radar simulator at low frequencies, and (5) formulation of an integrated system for foliage penetration and ground penetrating waveform development, signal processing and data analysis. Based upon the results of the research, false alarm control, interference mitigation and adaptive detection algorithms will be developed during Phase II of this effort. The technology developed can become an integral part of many future radar system designs for both military and commercial applications eventually integrating radar prediction tools for target detection and analysis. Commercial applications for communications systems will also benefit from this technology development. |
| DATA FUSION CORPORATION
10190 Bannock Street, Suite 246 Northglenn, CO 80260 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(720) 872-2145
Dr. W. Kober AF 02-237 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Phenomenology Characterization and Advanced Algorithms |
| Abstract: | DFC proposes the development of algorithms and software for inversion of microwave scattering data to obtain permittivity and conductivity profiles suitable for vegetation canopies and underground penetrating radar scenarios. Commercial benefits include geological exploration. |
| NIELSEN ENGINEERING & RESEARCH, INC.
526 Clyde Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 968-9457
Mr. Daniel J. Lesieutre AF 02-242 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Adaptive Aerial Refueling Drogue |
| Abstract: | To meet current and future operational and tactical refueling requirements, an innovative, single-solution hose/drogue refueling system is needed which spans a speed range from 95 to 280 knots - a dynamic pressure range in excess of 8:1. NEAR has developed a range of potential solutions which individually or in combination are aimed at achieving this goal through the development of an Adaptive Aerial Refueling Drogue. A feasibility assessment of these concepts, to provide the desired trail attitude and stability across the required dynamic pressure range, requires detailed aerodynamic design and system simulation capabilities. NEAR has unique qualifications in these regards. In the Phase I effort, NEAR will employ its aerodynamic and simulation capabilities to investigate the feasibility of the proposed concepts, determine/select the most applicable ones, and generate preliminary designs including: size, weight, frequency response, subsystems, integration issues, and development costs. The new single drogue system for refueling both low speed and high speed rotor- and fixed-wing aircraft has significant operational, tactical, and maintenance benefits. Several concepts are proposed which will improve drogue engagement and hook-up and will provide enabling technology for the future refueling of unmanned vehicles (UAVs). Additional benefits include safer and more reliable hook-ups under adverse conditions, and accelerated hookups for increased sortie rates. The commercial benefits include development through Phase II and III to produce hardware refueling products for commercial licensing or sale. In addition, the multidisciplinary design simulation process required to develop the system will have application in other aerospace related research. |
| SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
13766 S. Hawthorne Blvd. Hawthorne, CA 90250 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 679-2281
Mr. Thomas T. Myers AF 02-242 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Variable Speed Aerial Refueling Drogue |
| Abstract: | The proposed work is intended to begin the development of a variable airspeed aerial refueling system emphasizing a novel drogue concept, the "ring flap" drogue, designed to control the drogue drag over the 95-280 kt airspeed range. The drogue will provide adequate drag at low speeds to maintain the drogue attitude sufficiently close to horizontal to allow a receiver aircraft to couple while limiting the drag at high speeds to avoid excessive hose tension. The system concept will also address shaping of the hose catenary as required to provide adequate clearance between the hose and rotorcraft blades and to set the position of the drogue below the tanker as required to minimize tanker wake disturbances. The system will be designed to minimize drogue oscillations that would interfere with receiver coupling. The Phase I effort will define quantitative functional and design requirements and synthesize preliminary system designs. In Phase II, the designs will be further analyzed and refined; prototypes will be fabricated and tested in wind tunnels and in flight. The developments of this project could improve military aerial refueling operations by allowing a wide range of fixed wing aircraft and rotorcraft to operate from a single variable speed drogue type that can be reconfigured in flight. Derivative technologies might be used in a variety of cargo airdrop and towed sensor platform applications for military and commercial applications. |
| IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
125 Tech Park Drive Rochester, NY 14623 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(585) 424-1990
Dr. Michael J. Roemer AF 02-243 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An Integrated, Mission-Based Logistics and Maintenance Simulation Environment for Optimizing Air Vehicle LCC |
| Abstract: | In response to the USAF's Small Business Innovative Research Topic AF02-243, Impact Technologies in cooperation with the Boeing Company and Battelle, propose to develop an integrated mission simulation environment software tool directly linked with logistics and maintenance support cost models, data and metrics for managing air vehicle logistics activities and life cycle costs. The proposed, simulation-based program will integrate multiple sources of legacy flight mission data with various air vehicle support cost models to evaluate aircraft acquisition, maintenance, operations and support costs in terms of leading cost drivers and component failure modes, mission capability and effectiveness, and report simulation outputs in graphical and tabular formats. A unique aspect of this proposed program is related to the capability of performing real-time mission simulations for a fleet of aircraft and relating them to critical aircraft component failures, resulting maintenance required and the associated life cycle costs from acquisition through retirement. An open systems software architecture using either a CORBA-based (common object request broker architecture) infrastructure or web-enabled, agent-based application using XML is envisioned for most effectively integrating the various sources of data and models. During this Phase I program, the Impact team of professionals familiar with many existing USAF and OEM mission simulation and support cost models (SCM), will first identify and evaluate leading cost analysis programs and O&M data sources on an individual basis as well as from a simulation integration perspective. Next, the team will examine leading COTS software/tool integration platforms for integrating data sources and models in various formats and technical associations. Specification of the link between the real-time mission simulation environment and aircraft component failure rates and SCM's will also be accomplished. Finally, a software demonstration with realistic graphical user interface (GUI) will be delivered that illustrates complete proof-of-concept of real-time simulation integration with support cost models and databases containing maintenance and logistics information. The real-time, mission-based LCC simulation software architecture will be capable of performing realistic, fleet-based analysis of air vehicle costs associated with acquisition, operations and maintenance based on state-of-the-art support cost models, databases, and mission simulation software. The software will also be capable of assessing costs and associated performance increases due to various component or subsystem technology inserts. Due to the fact that this analysis tool is implemented within a mission simulation environment, support engineers, fleet managers and maintenance and logistics planners alike can benefit from the knowledge from simulated aircraft usage predictions and associated availability and reliability. Through in-depth understanding of specific air vehicle operating and support costs and their effects on aircraft readiness, the program's automated data and model integration tools will enhance air vehicle cost assessments and in the longer term produce more responsive combat support system technologies. Direct application of this program can be transitioned to commercial airlines and the power generation industry, where increased demand is driving the need for more sophisticated analysis tools. |
| TILFORD ADVANCED ENGINEERING
c/o Dr Stuart Kerr, MSX Ltd., 15160 Commerce Dr. N Dearborn, MI 48120 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(519) 250-3812
Dr. Stuart Kerr AF 02-244 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Fatigue Life Prediction of Nonlinear Loading and Structures |
| Abstract: | The objective of the research detailed in this SBIR proposal is to develop the relationships between the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the nonlinear response of a structure and the Probability Density Function (pdf) of rainflow range cycles (RRC's) within a corresponding response time signal. Given these expressions, more realistic fatigue life calculations are possible. Similar techniques for linear structures are now very well developed. For example, an expression developed by Dirlik (1985) has been fully embedded into a commercial Finite Element (FE) based system (MSC.Fatigue) developed by the MSC Software company which is fully linked to three of the more well known solvers: Nastran, Abaqus and Ansys. Similar methods exist in other FE linked fatigue analysis programs (see for instance, FE-Safe), however, these existing frequency domain fatigue life estimation tools do not take into account nonlinear structural behaviour such as geometric nonlinearities, nor the instabilities associated with thermal buckling. The deliverable from this research will be analytical expressions for the random vibration fatigue life of structures (including composites) with simultaneous thermal and acoustic loads, using frequency domain methods. Improvements are needed for the estimation of the fatigue life due to thermal acoustic loads on current and future short take-off and landing (STOL) and hypersonic vehicle structures, as well as developing commercial reusable space access vehicles. Such methods for fatigue life calculations, when coupled to FE based analysis systems, allow rapid prototype evaluation to be done very early in the design process. Finite Element (FE) analysis has been developed over the last few decades as a means of achieving faster and more accurate designs and as a step towards "virtual prototypes". Within this general topic, fatigue and durability requirements have become prominent because of the demand for greater product reliability, and the advent of lighter and more slender structures and components. In fact there is significant industrial interest in the specific topic to which this proposal relates, and the more general topic of FE based fatigue (both linear and nonlinear). In order to successfully address these requirements it is necessary to create solutions that bring together the topics of "fatigue", "dynamics" and "FE analysis". This is a very demanding task for any commercial organization. However, because of the resources available within the company, Tilford Advanced Engineering (TAE) is uniquely positioned to be able to create such solutions. This makes the field of "FE Based Vibration Fatigue" a potentially fruitful one for future commercial exploitation and TAE intends to be at the forefront of these activities. TAE intends to negotiate a Commercialization Agreement with a major FE software vendor in order to secure market acceptance of the nonlinear algorithms that will be developed during this contract. Initial discussions have taken place with such a vendor with the aim of creating an agreement to "bolt on" the nonlinear algorithms to an existing FEA product. Within the initial months of Phase I, TAE intends to get a commitment from this vendor to provide matching funds in support of a FAST TRACK Phase II application. Furthermore, as part of the long-term strategy, TAE will also create a suite of "stand alone" fatigue analysis products (linear and nonlinear), centred around the nonlinear fatigue algorithms developed in Phase I of this SBIR proposal. TAE intends to market these stand-alone products to other FEA suppliers. |
| ZONA TECHNOLOGY, INC.
7430 E. Stetson Drive, Suite 205 Scottsdale, AZ 85251 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(480) 945-9988
Mr. P.C. Chen AF 02-244 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Fatigue Life Projection for Thermal and Acoustic Loads |
| Abstract: | The focus of the proposed effort is on the prediction of the fatigue life of composite panels subjected to thermal effects, inducing buckling, and a strong acoustic excitation which may force the panel to "jump" from one buckled configuration to another. The fatigue life will be estimated through the modeling of the probability density function of stress ranges from which the fatigue life is readily obtained. The proposed model is an extension of Dirlik's formula that also accounts for the nonlinearity of the panel dynamics as well as the nonlinearity of the corresponding displacements-stresses relation. The proposed model which is theoretically justified will be validated/fine-tuned on an extensive database of stress time histories corresponding to 4 different structural models exhibiting a variety of spectral features, i.e. one or several peaks, one or several dominant peaks, close frequencies, etc., subjected to 4 different thermal loading scenarios, at various sound pressure levels, and with several different angle of incidence. The determination of the parameters of the model from either experimental time histories of the stresses or a finite element model of the panel will also be addressed. Although the proposed work addresses specifically the fatigue life of panels subjected to thermoacoustic effects, it is expected that the modified Dirlik formula would be applicable to a broad range of nonlinear vibration problems. ZONA Technology has been very actively involved in the R&D of the modeling, response prediction, and fatigue life estimation of panels subjected to thermoacoustic effects and will be in preparation of a production software called ZPAN. The commercialization of ZPAN will be accomplished either directly by ZONA Technology or jointly with MSC who has had a long relationship with ZONA Technology (see section F). The detailed modeling of the distribution of stress ranges proposed here would greatly enhance the fatigue life prediction aspects of ZPAN. Thus, it is planned to include the proposed prediction tool in ZPAN and proceed with the commercialization of this combined package. In effect, the proposed modified Dirlik formula should have a wide ranging applicability, it should not be limited to panels subjected to thermoacoustic effects but rather should be valid for a broad class of nonlinear problems. Accordingly, a better avenue for commercialization of this fatigue life prediction technique is through a MSC/ZONA joint marketing strategy (as in NASTRAN AeroII/Optim/ZONA51), i.e. through commercialization of MSC/Fatigue or NASTRAN Nonlinear modules. |
| ADVANCED STRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
455 N. Jackson Ave. University City, MO 63130 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 878-8327
Mr. William T. Fujimoto AF 02-245 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A 2nd Generation Crack-Growth Prediction Methodology for Cold-Worked Fastener Holes |
| Abstract: | The objective of this project is to develop and validate a 2nd generation crack-growth prediction methodology for cold-worked fastener holes. The methodology will be based on a three-dimensional weight function, and will handle cracks growing from the edge of the hole, as well as cracks initiating in the residual tension zone away from the hole. A predictive capability, based on probabilistic fatigue analysis, will be used to determine the most probable failure mode for the hole. For cracks initiating in the residual tension zone, the methodology will account for the multi-stage crack growth. It will track the relaxation of the residual stresses as the crack grows through the residual stress in Stage I. In Stage II, the methodology will predict the initiation and the growth of a secondary crack at the hole edge, resulting from the relaxation of the compressive residual stresses. The methodology will track the coalescence of this secondary crack and the primary crack into a single macro-crack in Stage III. To predict the net section stress contour for the probabilistic fatigue analysis, the methodology will be combined with a CAD-based multi-layer joint analysis program to enable the cold-worked hole to be treated as part of a complex structural system, rather than as an isolated hole. the 2nd generation crack-growth prediction methodology will lead to an improved ability to predict the fatigue and crack growth lives for multi-layer joints with cold-worked holes. It will enable the full potential of cold-working(or cold-working plus interference-fit fasteners) to be exploited, leading to a new generation of ultra long life, low maintenance aerostructure. |
| HONEYBEE ROBOTICS
204 Elizabeth Street New York, NY 10012 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(212) 966-0661
Mr. Tom Myrick AF 02-246 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightning Protection of Revolving Aircraft Turrets |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to develop and demonstrate a lightning protection system for rotating structures. Specifically, we plan to design a system compatible with a nose-mounted ball turret such as the one employed by Boeing in their Airborne Laser System. Conventional lightning protection schemes such as metal screens or coatings are not effective for rotational interfaces such as turrets. In the attempt to fly lightweight, durable structures, composite materials are a primary choice. However, these materials cannot withstand the large currents associated with lightning strikes. We are proposing a lightning protection system that combines the metal mesh/coating approach to lightning strike mitigation with the innovative Rotary Band Contact concept developed here at Honeybee to provide a ground path for rotating composite structures. The lightning protection system proposed here will be compatible with nonstationary interfaces as those used in tanks, airborne systems, and rotary domes of all kinds. |
| NOESIS, INC.
10530 Linden Lake Plaza, Suite Manassas, VA 20109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 349-4001
Mr. Pierre Vining AF 02-246 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightning Protection of Revolving Aircraft Turrets |
| Abstract: | Electrostatic charge dissipation poses a danger to aircraft and crew, especially in aircraft with composite structures and between two relatively moving components lacking a common ground, because destructive electrical arcs can occur. This configuration exists in the United States Air Force airborne laser (ABL) aircraft between the alloy fuselage and the composite turret. The problem is exacerbated by the presence of combustible vapors in the ABL turret area. Existing systems cannot handle the high currents without some arcing. Noesis, Inc. and HiPerCon, LLC have developed a safe and efficient means for transferring large quantities of electrical energy across a sliding interface using brushes constructed of hair-fine metal fibers. The innovative approach proposed would adapt this technology to operation under the extreme environmental conditions experienced by the ABL. Specifically, lubrication strategies and materials options would be conducted to down-select to a few primary candidates. In parallel with this effort, environmental data would be collected to plan for systematic lab and flight testing under conditions approximating those in actual service. This technology could provide the Air Force with the lightweight, affordable, and spark-free grounding system, not only for the ABL, but also other aircraft as a back fit or forward fit installation. Development of the proposed system solution and completion of successively more demanding laboratory and flight testing would provide the Air Force with the lightweight, low total ownership cost, safe and efficient spark-less current transfer technology required not only to support the ABL, but also to extend the use of other military and commercial composite structures that move relative to the fuselage in aircraft, either as a back fit or forward fit installation. |
| AKRON RUBBER DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY, INC
2887 Gilchrist Akron, OH 44305 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(330) 794-6600
Mr. Abraham Pannikottu AF 02-247 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Supportable Sandwich Control Surfaces |
| Abstract: | Sandwich structural designs are the most weight efficient concepts for stability-critical components such as control surfaces. The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing honeycomb sandwich structure using a unique Double Walled Honeycomb design. This new ARDL honeycomb design is called Hexagonal Double walled structure or "HexD" This is depicted in Figure 1. HexD honeycomb core exhibits a unique cell structure. This design promises a higher stiffness to weight ratio, barrier resistance, and higher impact resistance. Higher stiffness has already been demonstrated using finite element analysis and prototype testing. Figure 2 illustrates the significance of the using HexD over a common regular honeycomb in almost all the aspects of its usage as a control surface. The primary function of the face sheets is to provide the required bending and in-plane shear stiffness, and to carry the axial, bending, and in-plane shear loading. The primary function of the core is to stabilize the facings and carry most of the shear loads through the thickness. In order to perform this function the core must be as rigid and as light as possible. HexD performs these functions in a rather unique manner by having 86% more bond lengths and twice the walls. The primary structural role of the adhesive, which is the face/core interface in sandwich construction, is to transfer shear stresses between faces and core. This condition stabilizes the faces against rupture or buckling away from the core. It also carries loads normally applied to the panel surface and prevents the moisture intrusion and subsequent degradation. Overall stiffness of the sandwich component is also a key consideration in design for general instability of elements in compression. Prior applications of sandwich structures on in-service vehicles have resulted in costly manufacturing and supportability problems. HexD components resist transverse shear and normal compressive and tensile stress resultants. Manufacturing problems have been caused by core materials that are difficult to machine and difficult to bond, difficulties in panel joining, and difficulties with the integration of hard points for concentrated load introductions. Supportability problems have resulted largely due to the integration of materials and concepts that are highly susceptible to impact damage and moisture intrusion that leads to corrosion, mechanical degradation of the sandwich core, and delamination in core-to-face sheet bonds. This proposal is for developing a new innovative sandwich structure solution that is producible, mitigate the historical shortfalls of sandwich, and provides high structural efficiency. This sandwich structure design will feature double layer core and skins, and damage and moisture resistant materials. HexD is further accentuated by using the revolutionary technology of nanocomposite adhesion. It is developed for the aerospace industry that relies heavily on the structural integrity and optimum strength to weight advantage of rigid honeycomb composite. Improved moisture resistance and stability are the unique twin characteristics of the proposed design, is developed based on the double honeycomb. HexD core cells have a unique 12 walled design compared to the 6 walled design common with the regular honeycomb. Shear strength is also improved due to the self-stiffening mechanics unique to a double walled structure with the edge of the inner honeycomb reinforcing the outer cell structure. Effectively each cell has a double wall layer with higher stability. Optimizing the sandwich structure and making an unusually strong structure will enhance safety and probably will be directed toward molding advanced composites made of polymeric materials such as nanoparticle filled adhesives. The new materials and special manufacturing methods adapted from other fields (racecars, aerospace, boat building, etc) to achieve high volume and low cost would completely change the way of making sandwich structures. The new methods could offer the manufacturer a much easier, in some cases, an order of magnitude lower product cycle time, capital investment, assembly effort, product reliability and product cost. The facility cost, risk and simplification of production would greatly improve under this concept. ARDL's commercialization strategy rests on the premise of such potentially decisive competitive advantages that would easily reward adopters and encourage rapid market entry. However, while this proposed design is intended for military aircrafts, the adoption of this design concept would require major technological changes in the automotive industry in regard to overall weight and impact resistance of the automobile. |
| MKP STRUCTURAL DESIGN ASSOCIATES, INC.
4992 S. Ridgeside Circle Ann Arbor, MI 48105 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 764-8481
Dr. Zheng-Dong Ma AF 02-248 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Structurally Efficient Composite Concepts for Future Military Air Vehicles |
| Abstract: | The objective of the proposed research is to develop an advanced methodology for designing and manufacturing novel composite materials for future military air vehicles. The proposed new methodology, referred to as function-oriented material design (FOMD), will provide an effective tool for the design, in an optimal way, of structurally efficient composites such as that with an optimally shaped cellularity or an optimal arrangement for woven or braided composites. With the design tool developed in this program, new materials will be optimally designed to meet directly the requirements for advanced structural performance and weight reduction. For example, materials in the main structures and the secondary structures of an air vehicle will be optimally designed with respect to their specific performance requirements. Hence optimal design will be achieved in terms of both global performance and local performance. The methodology developed in this program will find important applications in developing future military air vehicles and enhance the performance of current military air vehicles in many different ways including significantly increasing the strength, stiffness, and durability of emerging composite structures. It will also improve vibration and sound characteristics, buckling stability, and impact resistance for advanced structures in future military air vehicles. This program will also result in lightweight and high performance structures for future commercial (air and ground) vehicles. Dual use technique developed in this program will further increase the opportunity for affordable implementation of this technique, thus enabling the Air Force to meet the goals for high-performance air vehicle weapon systems. |
| TECHNOVA CORPORATION
1232 Mizzen Drive Okemos, MI 48864 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(517) 485-9583
Dr. Habibur Chowdhury AF 02-248 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Structurally Efficient Composite Concepts with Non-Traditional Load-Paths |
| Abstract: | Structural biomaterials such as bones, shells and teeth occur as composite materials with outstanding properties embraced by their multi-component composition. The biological structures that have survived offer complex structures and compositions which optimally meet the demands of their environment. Conventional composite processing schemes cannot reproduce the exquisite ultrastructure of biomaterials. Therefore, biomimetic processing routes are needed to generate new composites which match the complexity and efficiency of structural biomaterials. In an approach inspired by the development of bone structure, we propose to use a high-performance cellular (e.g., microcellular carbon) structure as the framework for controlled deposition of various structural and functional monolayers in an aqueous environment. We will employ the ionic self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) technique to develop a complex multilayer architecture with detailed molecular-level control over its composition and microstructure. This approach yields the following advantages: (a) the efficiency of cellular structures in terms of specific stiffness, strength and toughness; (b) the versatility of processing in an aqueous environment using a cellular framework (direct net-shape production of complex geometries without joints, introduction of compositional gradients simulating sandwich structures, and convenient introduction of prestressing effects to enhance structural efficiency); (c) the versatility, efficiency and low cost of the ISAM process for production of complex inorganic/organic systems comprising structural and functional constituents; and (d) the level of complexity and control needed to introduce the biomimetic functions of self-adjustment and intrinsic healing. Our approach promises to provide tremendous control over the load paths within the system at local and global levels, with material resources strategically positioned along these paths for optimum performance. We will accomplish the following objectives in Phase I research: (1) develop design procedures for composites comprising a high-performance, open-cell foam system with struts embedded in a hybrid multilayer matrix; (2) fabricate the hybrid composite materials, and experimentally validate their mechanical performance and stability at coupon level; and (3) design and fabricate a representative secondary structure component (landing gear door) with the new composite, and assess its performance and cost attributes. The U.S. markets for advanced composites in aerospace applications exceed $3 billion; total world markets are twice as large. Our envisioned biomimetic composites offer: (1) distinctly high mechanical attributes per unit weight; (2) versatile processing for production of gradient structures and integrated components of complex geometry in one piece (avoiding bonded interfaces); (3) adaptable compositional, structural and geometric attributes to meet the demands in diverse fields of application; (4) the level of complexity needed to introduce functional attributes (e.g., intrinsic tuning and self-repair) into components; and (5) cost savings associated with the simplicity, high throughput and versatility of the processing scheme. These advantages of the new composite system will be of great value in application to diverse secondary and primary structural components of aircraft. We are filing a patent application and forming coalitions with major industrial firms towards transfer of the technology to aerospace and other markets. |
| MOHAWK INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
1037 Watervliet-Shaker Road Albany, NY 12205 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(518) 862-4290
Dr. Hooshang Heshmat AF 02-250 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Aerial Targets Modernization and Integration |
| Abstract: | The Air Force seeks innovative concepts to improve the fidelity, performance, refurbishment cycle, storability and endurance of aerial targets. Because of limited fuel capacity of the target vehicle, increased efficiency of the engine becomes critical to flight endurance. Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. (MiTir), proposes to incorporate our oil-free, non-contact, hydrodynamic air bearing technology into a 1,000-1,500 pound thrust class turbojet engine, eliminating the fuel cooled, grease packed bearings and all of the associated hardware, reducing weight and complexity as well as reducing bearing power loss, thereby improving thrust to weight ratio of the system and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption. MiTi's bearing technology also permits storage for months or even years without any special preparations either prior to storage or prior to next flight. MiTi's air bearings can be reused even after exposure to salt water. In Phase I, MiTi will work with the engine OEM to define bearing system requirements. MiTi will conduct preliminary design evaluations and show the feasibility of integrating the compliant foil bearing into the selected engine. In Phase II, MiTi will work with a major OEM to incorporate a non-contact air bearing into the selected engine for engine demonstration testing. Incorporation of oil-free air bearings into a turbine engine will eliminate weight, cost and complexity of both commercial and military aircraft turbine engines in various thrust classes, while greatly improving reliability. Other applications that will benefit from this technology include power generation of micro-turbines, high speed compressors, pumps, turbo-expanders, turbochargers and other turbo-machinery. |
| ASTROX CORPORATION
3500 Marlbrough Way, Suite 100 College Park, MD 20740 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 473-5561
Dr. Christopher Tarpley AF 02-251 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Combined-Cycle Engine Flow Path Analysis & Design Software Tool |
| Abstract: | The need for innovative combined cycle engines for Space Access and hypersonic vehicles leads the Air Force design engineers to the requirement for analysis tools that provide higher levels of fidelity than are available today. The engines for these vehicles, rather than being separate systems, are integrated systems that share inlets, nozzles and in many cases, combustor flow paths. Because analytical results play a larger role in the design of such systems than in the past, it is necessary to have software that provides better answers. A new flow analysis tool concept will be developed, that is both a design tool and an assessment tool. It will provide Air Force designers with the ability to design combined cycle engine flow paths, as well as give them the ability to assess designs submitted by contractors. It will be based on the idea of portable parametric parts, so that designs can be worked between labs. It will have an open published interface, so that industry and academia can create components that can be used or assessed by the Air Force. It will live in a distributed environment so that geographically separated team members may collaborate via the web or private networks. The results of this work will be a software tool to give Air Force engineers both a design and assessment tool for multi flow path combined cycle engines and the ability to work on these engines in a collaborative environment. It will also provide an open interface to the engineering components so that industry, academia, and other government labs can work together on design projects efficiently. |
| TECHNOSOFT INC.
4434 Carver Woods Drive Cincinnati, OH 45242 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 985-9877
Dr. Stephen Hill AF 02-251 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Air Breathing Vehicles Integrated Design and Synthesis Environment |
| Abstract: | An integrated design and synthesis environment based on an object-oriented, web-enabled, multidisciplinary framework supporting the engineering of Hypersonic Air-breathing Vehicles (HAV) is proposed. It facilitates vehicle development by integrating a feature-based modeling environment with low and high fidelity analyses and simulations for design and synthesis of HAVs covering the full flight regime from Mach 0 to 17. It integrates solid/surface-modeling, meshing, aerodynamics, propulsion, trajectory, weights, and vehicle closure analysis. Full 3D aerodynamic analysis over the entire vehicle will be supported. It enables the concurrent web-based engineering of HAVs by linking multiple users at distributed locations collaborating in real-time in the vehicle design and synthesis process. It implements a Common Computational Model, providing various levels of modeling and analysis fidelity while capturing the conceptual, preliminary, and detailed engineering methods. It automates and manages data transfer and interaction among users, designs, analyses, and tools. The proposed development builds upon and leverages major successful programs already deployed and in use. A prototype environment will be developed and exercised in the collaborative design and analysis of an HAV facilitating thorough investigations of alternative vehicle configurations. It significantly enhances the overall engineering process for evaluating potential vehicle concepts through detailed and integrated design and analyses. TechnoSoft, Inc. plans to transition the HAV design environment into the development, marketing, and support of a product for Reusable Launch Vehicle system design and analysis. This framework will support a collaborative design and analysis environment for seamlessly integrating various tools and engineering processes from different disciplines. Additional modules and tools will be developed to address the needs of other programs and disciplines within the Air Force and the aerospace industry that could greatly benefit from the environment. Furthermore, present TechnoSoft customers Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and other commercial aerospace companies support and have expressed strong interest in the proposed environment. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Mr. Horst Gigerenzer AF 02-253 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Enhanced Airframe Structures Through Laser Deposition |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems Inc. proposes an innovative method to tailor properties for low density, high performance titanium alloy airframe structural elements. The innovation proposed is to tailor (gradient) properties or selectively enhance properties of airframe components or structural elements, using Triton Systems' Laser Free Form Fabrication (LF3T ) technology, based upon the Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) process. The LF3T process offers many advantages for airframe structural elements by, ú being able to tailor material properties during deposition of the structural element, via localized control of the compositional / microstructural gradient of the alloy; ú the ability to produce integral reinforcement structures without mechanical joints; ú the capability during the deposition process to introduce selectively reinforced or modified compositions, such as in-situ alloys reinforced with titanium boride and carbide; and, ú replacing lost material in damaged areas of a structural element. The application of the LF3T technology for airframe structural elements is unique since any geometric shape can be readily accommodated, and alloy compositions can be changed as required to either enhance properties by gradient material control and/or by selectively reinforcing critical areas of a structural element; i.e., such as an integral joint, either during design, manufacture or repair operations. The proposed LF3T process innovation will provide a unique and cost effective method for advanced titanium airframe structures in repair and tailoring of desired properties, base metal modifications and enhancement of properties for selected areas of the component through gradient depositions and introducing selective reinforcements via in-situ reinforced compositions. This technology will enhance design, manufacture and structural repair operations , for integral joints and airframe designs. |
| HYPERCOMP, INC.
31255 Cedar Valley Drive, Suite 327 Westlake Village, CA 91362 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 865-3713
Dr. Vijaya Shankar AF 02-254 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Higher-Order Common Platform for complex Multi-Physics Computation |
| Abstract: | HyPerComp in collaboration with Prof. Stan Osher of UCLA/Level Set Systems proposes to start with a computational electromagnetics (CEM) environment (TEMPUS - Time-Domain EM Parallel Unstructured Simulator) funded by DARPA under its Virtual Electromagnetics Testrange (VET) initiative, which employs an unstructured grid-based discontinuous Galerkin (DG) higher order method, and extend the framework as a common platform to incorporate multidisciplinary physics (higher order accurate solvers for CFD, CEM and MHD/MGD) of interest to aerospace applications. A successful demonstration and implementation of a user-friendly, modular, multidisciplinary simulation tool set for large-scale aerospace propulsion applications will have high payoff in other simulations dealing with commercial products in oil exploration, automobile simulations, medical applications involving biofluids, bioEM and imaging, thermal modeling of high-speed integrated circuits and high power motors, and computational manufacturing such as welding and casting. |
| THAEROCOMP TECHNICAL CORPORATION
P. O. Box 1527 Stony Brook, NY 11790 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(800) 490-1004
Dr. Xiaodan Cai AF 02-254 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Software Suite for Multidisciplinary Computation |
| Abstract: | The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is evolving as a complement and sometimes an alternative to experimental procedures in the generation of design data for realistic aerospace systems. The anticipated result of the innovative research proposed by Thaerocomp Technical Corporation (TTC) is next generation software that is bound to revolutionize CFD technology by providing the capability for seamless multidisciplinary simulations using highly accurate procedures. The software identifies and integrates the elements of major research codes, leading to a versatile, high-order software suite that can be used to simulate turbulence, electromagnetics, aeroacoustics, magnetohydrodynamics, fluid-structure interaction, and chemically reacting flows. No commercial or research software has done this. The high accuracy of TTC's product will reduce simulation time by orders of magnitude, while the versatility will drastically reduce the cost of simulations, since most engineering systems involve multidisciplinary modeling and simulation. The modularity of the new product is appealing because of the ease with which new applications can be added once the framework for multidisciplinary simulation is established. These features of TTC's proposed product ensure fast time-to-market and enhance the profitability of the numerous commercial industries that currently use the CFD technology for competitive advantage. Thaerocomp Technical Corporation's (TTC's) proposed product will have wide and immediate use. The engine, airframe, and automotive industries have recognized the competitive advantage of efficient and multidisciplinary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) relative to physical experiments. CFD promises a faster turn-around and substantial reduction in the time-to-market, which goes right into a company's bottom line. For this reason, many companies in these industries have in-house CFD codes. To our knowledge these are based on low-order methods, which often require a long simulation time to generate a new CFD model. There are also the substantial cost-savings in using multidisciplinary software. TTC's product should appeal to these companies. Commercial CFD vendors will add value to their codes by upgrading them with TTC's software suite. Numerous other industries (petrochemical, utility, heating and refrigeration) will also benefit from TTC's innovation. |
| AEROPROBE CORP.
1700 Kraft Drive, Suite 2413 Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 951-3858
Mr. Matt Zeiger AF 02-255 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reconfigurable Synthetic Jet Actuation for Closed-Loop Hingeless Flow Control |
| Abstract: | In this work, we propose to capitalize on our experience with synthetic jet actuation, low order system modeling, and control in order to develop an integrated approach to hingeless flow control. We first propose to develop a new, hybrid, synthetic jet actuator that will be capable, via real-time actuator parameter control, of both separation manipulation (reduction, elimination or promotion) and dynamic virtual shaping. Next we will generate reduced-order flow models and will subsequently close the control loop. The planform used to develop and demonstrate the new techniques will be a NACA-0015 wing first in steady flow and subsequently in dynamic maneuvering. The Texas A&M Fluid Dynamics Laboratory of the Aerospace Engineering Department has had several years of experience with actuator development and steady and dynamic wind-tunnel testing. Aeroprobe will be responsible for the controls aspects of the problem. The area of active flow control is undergoing great activity and the successful completion of the proposed effort will satisfy the needs of several industries such as jet engines and turbomachinery, rotorcraft, UAV's military and civil aviation to name a few among others. Due to our dominant market position in the area of multi-hole probes and fluid measurement instrumentation, we are in contact with several major companies from the aeronautics and UAV segments. In order to commercialize the product that may result from the proposed effort, we will further exploit these contacts, identify the specific needs of each application and tailor the product appropriately and consecutively penetrate the market. We are already carrying out market research in the area of UAV manufacturers where that such technology is very appealing and the deployment can be faster. Our objective is to be able to establish a dominant market position in this segment first and subsequently expand to new ones. |
| ORBITAL RESEARCH INC
673G, Alpha Drive Cleveland, OH 44143 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(440) 449-5785
Mr. Troy Prince, M.S. AF 02-255 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reactive Flow Control System Using Intelligent Control Modules for Virtual Aerodynamic Shaping |
| Abstract: | Orbital Research proposes to develop a multi-input, multi-output, closed-loop Reactive Flow Control System (RFCS) consisting of intelligent control modules designed to be integrated with flight vehicle airframes which incorporate integrated flow control sensors, actuators and feedback controller. RFCS will enable virtual aerodynamic shaping over a range of flight conditions and vehicle orientations via control of incipient flow separation and reattachment using distributed arrays of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) based sensors and flow control actuators over the surface. Orbital Research Inc. and its collaborating team will utilize both computational (CFD) and experimental tools for a range of flow conditions typical of an operational flight envelope. Dynamic wind tunnel experiments will then be performed during phase I to demonstrate the response of the feedback system to dynamically changing aerodynamic effects. Potential applications of the proposed RFCS include providing complete control of air vehicles in place of conventional hinged flight-control surfaces like leading edge slats and trailing edge flaps. Further, the RFCS will provide active control of unconventional air vehicles to artificially maintain a desired level of aerodynamic efficiency, enabling greater flexibility in air vehicle designs, allowing recovery from departure due to component failure or vehicle damage, and active drag reduction. This active flow control approach would allow for enhanced maneuverability of missiles and aircraft throughout their performance envelope. This technology can be applied to multiple aircraft surfaces (airfoils) to achieve supplementary directional control. This smart technology can be applied to other flow environments for noise reduction and optimal pressure recovery. |
| QORTEK, INC.
4121 Jacks Hollow Road Williamsport, PA 17702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(570) 745-3576
Dr. Gareth Knowles AF 02-256 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Thin Film Shape Sensing and Visualization |
| Abstract: | The program will demonstrate low cost sensors that can accurately provide accurate deformation shape sensing and mapping of wing structures. Large sensors arrays can be fabricated on a single thin film. Such thin films are easily integrated with both metal and composite wings structures and have already been successfully demonstrated in composite embedment. These have further advantages that we can build data processing directly into the same thin film as to provide usable data upstream. The upstream data will be fed back into both feedback control and a visualization tool that enables user direct `real time' comparison of both open-loop and closed-loop control response of aerodynamic or aeroelastic phenomenon. Thin film sensors would be easy to both attach and remove during wind tunnel and laboratory testing phases The ability to sense shape change, process the acquired data and transmit upstream all on a single (very flexible) piece of film no thicker than a post-it combined with a visualization tool that can take the measured data and represent the system condition graphically real-time will have enormous commercial applications. Our focus will be on medical and sports products, where this inexpensive system can provide real time information on patients or equipment. To realize these applications we have commercially teamed with Rockwell who already has a large commercial interest in thin film devices. |
| SYSTEMS PLANNING AND ANALYSIS, INC.
7331 Hanover Pkwy, Suite D Greenbelt, MD 20770 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 474-1310
Mr. Chris Baldwin AF 02-256 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Distributed, Embedded Sensing for Quasi-Static Shape Control of Wings |
| Abstract: | SPA proposes to develop a low-cost, potentially retro-fit capable fiber optic sensor based wing shape measurement system. This open-architecture system will accomodate more than 120 sensors for real-time measurement, procesing, and visualization of wing shape. Mechanistic and neural network-based wing shape algorithms will be developed. The integrated software/hardware system will possess the dimensions of two laptop computers (one laptop computer and one laptop computer-sized electro-optics unit) and will monitor wing shapes in a 1 to 50 Hz bandwidth. In the proposed Phase I effort, SPA will breadboard the shape sensing system and systematically evaluate the system for measurement accuracy, repeatability, and resolution with laboratory testing on a scaled wing structure with at least 36 embedded sensors. An on-line, real-time graphical user interface and wing shape visualization software package will be used to display measured wing shape. A sensor optimization study will be conducted in preparation for Phase II full-scale testing and manufaturing trials. The final Phase II product of this effort will be a validated technology for optics-based strain/shape monitoring systems for aircraft and other composite structures. This technology will aid current efforts to enhance aircraft performance capabilities, and also to maintain and monitor aging systems and structures. Wing morphing or smart flight control will enable conformal wing structures that do not require segmented flaps (ailerons) typical to conventional flight control systems, allowing optimization of aerodynamic characteristics(lift drag, stall, etc.) and improvement of the maneuverability of the vehicle, while minmizing the radar signature for enhanced stealth. |
| ICOSYSTEM CORPORATION
545 Concord Ave Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 520-1050
Dr. Eric Bonabeau AF 02-257 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Evolutionary Swarm Intelligence for the Control of Unmanned Air Vehicles |
| Abstract: | We will develop a control system for swarms of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) based on biological principles of self-organization and emergent behavior. We will leverage our company's expertise in the areas of complex systems, swarm intelligence, self-organization and agent-based modeling. UAV swarms rely on local, distributed control and communication strategies of the type observed in insects and other natural groups. This leads to greater robustness than traditional, centralized control approaches, while yielding substantial reductions in code size and communication requirements. These practical advantages make it possible to deploy UAV swarms with shortened development times and at a fraction of the cost of other existing approaches. We will define quantitative metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and to allow for systematic comparison with other traditional approaches. In Phase II we will extend this work through biologically inspired learning and interactive evolution techniques, and will collaborate with a UAV manufacturer to apply our results to the control of real UAV swarms. Our result will show how to generate desired emergent behaviors through the manipulation of local control and communication rules. The tools we develop for controlling UAV swarms will be applicable to a variety of tasks in both military and private settings. The same principles will also be applicable to other types of swarms, for instance wheeled or legged robots to be deployed in: search-and-rescue missions; inspection and repair in hazardous araeas; surveillance; intelligence gathering. |
| PRICE SYSTEMS, L.L.C
17000 Commerce Parkway, Suite A Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 335-0475
Mr. Darryl Webb AF 02-259 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Affordability Development and Integration into Simulation-Based Research and Development (R&D) |
| Abstract: | The challenge of this project is to develop a new cost model architecture for the purpose of responding to USAF performance models which require a cost model that is responsive to technology leaps when paradigm shifts exist. Efforts will consist of research through history and analysis of those cases where significant performance or efficiency advances have been realized using new approaches or technological shifts in approach, balance, or application in a manner that allowed those advances without extraordinary expenditures. The architecture developed will include output from performance trade models consisting of requirements, performance, and design characteristics and will allow the prediction of cost by user defined variables consisting of other cost drivers than classical hardware or software currently utilize. The architecture will be tested with technology prediction models designed to optimize performance, requirements, and cost for Cost As An Independent Variable environments. The team of PRICE Systems, the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Cessna Aircraft has been chosen to maximize the talents of the world's leading cost modeling company, the most advanced techniques from academia, and the practicality and business skills of the leading commercial builder of light aircraft. The successful research and development of the project will lead to the formulation and development of a parametric technology cost estimating model. A fully developed commercial model for estimating the cost of paradigm shifting technology has potential utilization in all branches of the Armed Services as well as in the aerospace and defense contractor community. The ability to accurately predict costs of technology leaps is critical as the Department of Defense seeks to advance weapon systems and control costs in the 22nd century. Utilization of a parametric model at both the government and contractor level for estimating the costs of new and revolutionary technology would ensure the Department of Defense meets those objectives. The research performed in this project will provide the background and architecture necessary to begin the full application development of this cost model. |
| SOHAR INCORPORATED
8421 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 201 Beverly Hills, CA 90211 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(323) 653-4717
Mr. Myron Hecht AF 02-259 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Affordability Development and Integration into Simulation-Based Research and Development (R&D) |
| Abstract: | Predictions of simulation-based R&D offer the great advantage of making critical decisions early on in the development of new technologies. In order for weapon systems to reach the field and become operationally effective, these decisions must also be based on credible cost simulations, and LifeCycle Cost (LCC) predictions well into the future. Essentially this means that a program has, besides mission and performance goals, also cost objectives and margins. Present tools are not designed to treat cost as a goal but rather as a result. In order to address these goals effectively, we propose to design a cost simulation tool that will be enhanced by the following innovative capabilities: by means of an advanced equation solver CISR will be able to represent complex, non-linear cost algorithms, perform parametric, sensitivity, cost-driver and uncertainty analyses, and Implement Cost As an Independent Variable (CAIV). CISR will also Interface with present and future AFRL/VACD simulation tools. Such a tool will enable users to ask and answer "what if?" questions and perform various trade-off comparisons. The technology that will be developed under this research is useful to any organization performing large scale, technically complex, development activities under cost constraints or that has to make trade off decisions between capital and operating & maintenance budgets. The CISR tool will be applicable to, and effective for any such organization. The fundamental premise of CISR, that engineering and project management views are fundamentally different but reconcilable through the appropriate views, is unique and therefore, there are no comparable offerings in the commercial market place. |
| WILLIAMS-PYRO,INC.
2721 White Settlement Rd Fort Worth, TX 76107 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(817) 335-1147
Mr. Kartik Moorthy AF 02-265 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Aircraft Wiring Characterization, Tracking, and Testing System (AWCTTS) |
| Abstract: | This SBIR will result in the development of an automated Aircraft Wiring Characterization, Tracking, and Testing System (AWCTTS). This smart, low-cost, lightweight, easy-to-operate portable testing system will be designed to track, test, and characterize faults in aircraft wiring. The AWCTTS will consist of a collection of custom-fit connectors that snap into the end of a handheld testing unit. Customized connectors can retrofit the existing connectors, allowing the handheld testing unit to attach to each connector in an aircraft. The AWCTTS will be designed to allow a roaming human Maintenance Technician to communicate with the distributed network of connectors for noninvasive harvesting of the wire health status. The AWCTTS will be downloadable to a PC, which will use decision-making software to integrate input into an analysis of the overall health and integrity status of the complete aircraft wiring system. Advanced software and a fault database will be developed to allow a technician to characterize the wiring systems of multiple aircraft platforms by weapon system, tail number, wire bundle, individual wire, and connector, all by part number. This innovation will avoid the removal for testing of 5,000 wires per year, as well as saving thousands of maintenance man-hours annually. Commercialization at Williams-Pyro, Inc. is generally a five-step process after technology development. The first step is to host a product demonstration at WPI's in-house laboratory for the U.S. Air Force and Delta Air Lines. Second, our system will undergo a field test with Air Force aircraft. The third step is a trial production to supply a test market. Fourth, WPI's marketing department will investigate alternative product applications. The final commercialization step is full production and product launch. Once full production is underway, we will pursue partnerships with aircraft equipment manufacturers such as Lockheed Martin to allow their products to reach consumers pre-equipped with our system. WPI will develop, market, and manufacture the customized connectors and testing units in house. With more than 200 products on the market, WPI possesses the experience, expertise, and resources to drive this solution from the concept level to a commercialized product. To familiarize ourselves with wiring and maintenance issues, we are participating in conferences and forums with AWIGG and CHROME. Our strong business relationships with others like BAE, Lockheed, Boeing, General Dynamics, Northrop Grumman, Textron and United Technologies allow us to develop products that meet the needs of the industries for which they are designed. |
| TOTAL QUALITY SYSTEMS, INC
1990 West 2550 South Ogden, UT 84401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(801) 731-2150
Mr. Kevin T. Fitzgibbon AF 02-272 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Semi-automatic or automatic development of Test Program Sets (TPS) without a board model using hardware reconstruct |
| Abstract: | Current Test Program Sets (TPS) are based on board models to duplicate the functionality of the Unit Under Test (UUT). Technical specifications from the original equipment manufacturer are used to generate pass/fail criteria, which are then compared to output measurements collected in a `static' test sequence. TPS developed using board models have proven to be expensive to develop and maintain while being ineffective in many cases. The USAF needs to develop TPS with maximized effectiveness and minimal development and maintenance costs. This topic provides a significant opportunity to investigate the feasibility of implementing a process to automate TPS development using COTS software to model/emulate UUT functionality. This research effort explores the integration of artificial intelligence technologies with software and hardware modeling/emulation to generate functional interface specifications for `dynamic' TPS. The diagnostic effectiveness of the adaptive TPS will be demonstrated during the prototype phase. The technology anticipated as a result of this research and development effort will significantly reduce the development and maintenance cost of Test Program Sets (TPS). The resulting methodologies and tools introduce innovative ways to develop adaptive TPS. The dependability can be demonstrated directly and indirectly by reducing the cost of No-Fault-Found (NFF) cases due to the alignment of pass/fail criteria used in different levels of Unit testing. The software prototype will be modular allowing re-use by different TPS thus increasing software reliability and consistency. Testing procedures will be executed faster and more efficiently thus reducing the cost of maintenance and increasing system availability. |
| NIELSEN ENGINEERING & RESEARCH, INC.
526 Clyde Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 968-9457
Mr. Michael R. Mendenhall AF 02-283 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rocket Sled Engineering Aerodynamics Analysis Tool |
| Abstract: | An engineering analysis tool for fast and accurate calculations of the aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic characteristics of multistage rocket sled vehicles at subsonic through hypersonic Mach numbers is proposed. The Phase I feasibility study will evaluate the use of component buildup methods which couple experimental data with analytical techniques to predict these characteristics including effects of the ground plane and reflected shock waves. In addition, the use of an integrated analysis system to support the engineering estimates is proposed. This system consists of a number of related databases containing alternate analysis methods, design rules, test requirements, experimental and computational data, historical documents, and lessons learned. The system provides easy access to the corporate memory from previous test programs so that the mistakes, successes, and experiences from the past are available to improve future programs. The method helps less experienced engineers to accomplish accurate aerodynamic analyses for future rocket sled tests with a guide to remind them of the legacy of previous tests. The engineering tool will increase the accuracy and speed of the aerodynamic analysis process for rocket sleds, reduce the required design margins for the rocket sled vehicle, and ultimately reduce the risk and cost of future rocket sled tests. The engineering analysis tool will have application at other rocket sled test facilities, ballistic ranges, and wind tunnels. It will increase the efficiency, reduce risk, and lower costs for pretest analyses. In other areas, the tool has potential application to high speed trains, low flying aircraft and missiles, the automobile industry, and even domestic products. It can be used in any industry which relies on a history of test data and engineering methods to improve future designs. |
| NIELSEN ENGINEERING & RESEARCH, INC.
526 Clyde Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 968-9457
Dr. Robert E. Childs AF 02-287 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced CFD Capability for Store Separation |
| Abstract: | The work will identify the most promising long-term approach to upgrading the CFD modeling of store separation for Air Force flight vehicles. Two likely options are identified in the Phase I proposal, and the relative merits of these methods will be studied in depth in the Phase I work. Both concepts use dynamic overset gridding; the algorithms needed for the overset interpolation will be produced and evaluated in the effort. CFD for complex dynamical problems remains a serious technical challenge in many fields, including weapons systems, explosive problems, and rotorcraft, for example. The proposed methods will yield significant benefits to the state-of-the-art in simulating these problems. The algorithms and software developed in this work can be licensed to organizations performing research in these areas |
| PROGENY SYSTEMS CORPORATION
8809 Sudley Road, Suite 101 Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 368-6107
Mr. John MacKay AF 02-291 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Performance Real-Time Synchronization Clock |
| Abstract: | Current COTS Real Time Clock Boards barely meet requirements for clock resolution and latency. A high performance RTC board is needed for Hardware In The Loop (HITL) testing. Progeny proposes to develop this board using a rapid prototyping approach that will yield a functional prototype at the end of Phase I. Drivers as required by the HITL lab systems will be developed as part of this effort. This SBIR will yield a commercial grade PCI card that can provide high resolution timing with low latency, which has great potential to be used in industrial control applications. Other HITL test facilities will also be able to benefit from the improved performance of the card. |
| CLEVELAND MEDICAL DEVICES, INC.
11000 Cedar Avenue, Suite 130 Cleveland, OH 44106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(216) 619-5903
Mr. Edward J. Rapp AF 02-301 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Miniature, Low Cost GPS/IMU Munitions Tracker (GIMT) |
| Abstract: | The GPS/IMU Munitions Tracker (GIMT) is a miniature, low cost device that provides time, space, and position information (TSPI) for weapons released from aircraft. It can be repackaged either in a convenient cubic shape for internal mounting, or with a low profile for an aerodynamic shape for external mounting. It can mounted on the outside of a bomb, missile, airplane, or other vehicle with an electrocleavable adhesive that can easily be removed. This allows testing on inventory equipment without expensive test fixturing. It provides TSPI to a radio for telemetering information to commanders for their use. Use on weapons is important for early battle damage assessment. The device can be used to track soldiers for operational decisions, and for medical emergency location of wounded soldiers. It has a GPS receiver and an IMU for rapid updates on position and orientation. The device can be used for TSPI for military use on weapons and on soldiers. It has many biomedical uses for testing and rehabilitation. It can also be used for sports analysis on humans and race animals. Due to its low cost design, it can also be used for games. |
| WADDAN SYSTEMS
8801 Encino Ave Northridge, CA 91325 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(661) 257-4172
Dr. Mahendra Singh AF 02-301 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Time Space Position Information GPS INS Instrumentation (TSPIGII) Package |
| Abstract: | The development of a subminiature instrumentation package utilizing state-of-the-art global position system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) technologies to obtain Time Space Position Information (TSPI) is proposed. The package measuring 50mmX50mmX25mm consists of three modules. It has a inertial module with a flat chip inertial measurement device, a GPS module with a processor and an interface module with power management. The package has a connector for an antenna, a subminiature 25-pin connector for configuration management, testing and power input, and a high-speed serial I/O port. The Phase I effort includes a feasibility analysis, trade-off analyses of component modules, breadboard fabrication and testing of GPS and IMU modules, true scale fabrication of the package enclosure. The effort will yield a recommended design of the instrument package to be developed in Phase II. In addition to be employed in the conventional TSPI applications, the SGI will find applications in commercial navigation in aircraft, boats, and other vehicles. Further reductions in cost and size will lead to applications in sports, medicine, automobile, oil industry, optics stabilization, toys, etc. |
| GLOBAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, INC.
6411 Ivy Lane, Suite 300 Greenbelt, MD 20770 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 474-9696
Mr. Eric Travis AF 02-302 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Wireless Solutions for Time Space Position Information (TSPI) Data Links |
| Abstract: | The Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) is faced with a difficult problem - capturing an ever-increasing volume of test range Time Space Positioning Information (TSPI) over an ever-diminishing spectrum of radio frequencies. AFFTC's secondary goal is to replace current post-mission processing with real-time flight data processing using commercial wireless networking devices. However, the availability of commercial wireless devices that support various range operational demands is practically non-existent. Through this SBIR, Global Science and Technology, Inc. (GST) will leverage available commercial wireless technologies (e.g., CDMA, 3G, IEEE 802.11), and our commercial SCPS implementation (SkipWare), to deliver a robust, wireless TSPI architecture for the AFFTC. GST has been directly involved in the design and implementation of several efficient protocols for space and wireless data communications for over 10 years. We are acutely aware of the obstacles in delivering efficient, reliable information transfer over transient, noisy communications channels. GST will use this experience to construct a robust wireless architecture from the ground up, including the investigation and emulation of available commercial wireless technologies and physical devices, data link layer alternatives, and application layer improvements to complement our SkipWare (SCPS) gateway implementation and deliver a bandwidth-efficient, manageable, easily upgradeable TSPI transmission system. By using emulation tools to experiment with promising protocols and commercial technologies, GST can define a feasible architecture, focus its Phase II activities on refining the prototype architecture, and increase our potential of delivering a functional wireless TSPI solution that satisfies the AFFTC's operational requirements. In doing so, GST will also determine the feasibility of expanding our SkipWare product line into the commercial, mobile wireless marketplace. The resulting commercial applications include Internet access solutions for commercial aircraft passengers; commercial mobile and fixed wireless Internet access and transport services; and bandwidth-efficient protocol gateway products for Government and commercial entities performing Telemetry Tracking and Control (TT&C) applications. |
| MAYFLOWER COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY, INC.
23 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 359-9500
Dr. Triveni N. Upadhyay AF 02-302 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Wireless Solutions for Time Space Position Information (TSPI) Data Links |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a common flexible TSPI data link solution, based on commercial third generation (3G) wireless standards with appropriate modifications, to meet the unique DoD TSPI datalink requirements while preserving the open architecture features of the commercial wireless standards. Specific Air Force requirements addressed by this proposal are support for high dynamic users, support high data rates up to 3 Mbps, operate at ranges up to 140 nautical miles, efficient use of spectrum, network connectivity for increased productivity, and lower development and ownership costs. The proposed Mayflower TSPI Data Link solution, based on the next generation (3G) cellular data network technology, will be analyzed and shown to meet the above Air Force program requirements. Specific technical issues to be addressed in the Phase I study include near/far problem associated with high power mobile UE for long ranges, high dynamic user's power control requirements, effect of introduction of IP (Internet Protocol) on the network data traffic load, and network architecture simplification to reduce the IP core network and UE cost. The phase I study will develop a system design and demonstrate by analysis and simulation that the proposed data link solution is feasible. Successful demonstration of the proposed TSPI data link solution will lead to IP-based network and mobile equipment products, which can be marketed to commercial 3G wireless data operators to support emerging data applications. |
| MAYFLOWER COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY, INC.
23 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 359-9500
Mr. George Dimos AF 02-303 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improved Aeronautical Global Positioning System (GPS) Antenna Systems |
| Abstract: | This proposal is responsive to the needs of telemetry and datalink development groups at DoD Test Ranges, who need to operate high-power transmitters in close proximity to sensitive GPS equipment, and at frequency bands adjacent to the GPS band. Mayflower proposes to use RF Adaptive Interference Canceller (RF AIC) technology, similar to GPS anti-jam systems, to suppress the above mentioned RFI by 30 dB or more, without any modifications to the existing GPS and telemetry/datalink equipment. Mayflower also proposes to integrate the above technology with a GPS antenna in a flight-certified unit, measuring 4.5" x 4.5" x 2.0", i.e., conforming to the footprint of a GPS FRPA (fixed radiation pattern antenna), and costing less that $1000. Mayflower also proposes to investigate the cost/size/performance trade-off's for obtaining an additional 30 dB of adjacent RFI suppression through a high-power transmitter filter module. The main objectives of the Phase I study effort are: (A) Perform requirements analysis regarding RFI characteristics and GPS receiver sensitivity, and performance analysis of the proposed RFI cancellation technique. (B) Perform preliminary hardware and software design of the proposed RFI canceller. This work will include selection of commercially available RF components, laboratory verification of the principle of operation by breadboarding critical components, and investigation of antenna integration and certification issues. This proposed technology can benefit the commercial and general aviation industry by ensuring the interoperability of closely spaced GPS and datalink systems. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Mr. Andrew S. Richen AF 02-303 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improved Aeronautical Global Positioning System (GPS) Antenna Systems |
| Abstract: | GPS, while an integral part of modern guidance and communication systems, remains extremely vulnerable to disruption by interfering sources. RFI from Telemetry and Data Link antenna systems often causes severe degradation in the performance of GPS receivers. Toyon Research Corporation proposes to solve this problem by using our proprietary EM/Power toolkit to design an antenna with a reception pattern shaped to mitigate interference. Our methodology will allow us to build an anti-RFI antenna that is robust, inexpensive, and a drop-in replacement for existing GPS antennas. An antenna designed to mitigate RFI would allow for more sensors and transmitters to be placed on a single airborne test platform. The existing data links would be able to operate at higher power levels, and hence, higher data rates if receivers on the platform were less sensitive to RFI. This type of antenna would also be applicable for use on UAVs as well as commercial aviation. |
| MARK RESOURCES, INC.
3878 Carson Street, Suite 210 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 543-4746
Dr. Richard L. Mitchell AF 02-305 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Clutter Model Based on Real-Time Terrain |
| Abstract: | MARK Resources proposes to develop a procedure for simulating ground/sea clutter seen by an airborne radar that is both realistic and practical. The procedure will be designed to be implemented in a real-time hardware-in-the-loop testing environment Simulation of ground and sea clutter seen by airborne radars is difficult to do in real time bacause of the complexity of these signals. Ground clutter is spatially nonhomogeneous, and the clutter spectrum is strongly dependent on the engagement geometry, the antenna pattern, and where the beam is pointing. Moreover, airborne radars frequently employ monopulse processing, which means that the clutter spectrum is different in each receiver channel. For a maneuvering platform and a scanning antenna, the spectrum must be updated frequently to keep up with the changing conditions, which places severe requirements on the simulation system. An off-line simulation will be developed in Phase I to be used to determine important cost and performance trades. The ability to simulate realistic environment signals in real time is important in the development and testing of all types of radars, for both military and commercial applications. |
| KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC.
1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 260-5274
Dr. Michael Graul AF 02-307 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Airspace Modeling, Characterization, and Planning |
| Abstract: | The ultimate goal of this effort is to develop a versatile software system for efficient management of special use airspace (SUA). As a policy, FAA wants the Department of Defense to promote as much as possible joint use of SUA by military and civilian aircraft and the use of inactivated SUA by civilian aircraft while meeting its airspace requirements. Incorporating the individual merits of the existing airspace management systems, we propose to develop a versatile software tool that consists of (i) a powerful decision support system (DSS), and (ii) intelligent graphic display of established schedules and real-time information on SUA status and the current activities in SUA. (iii) realistic and reliable models for aircraft density estimation and flight path prediction and (iv) prediction methods for predicting future airspace requirements. The principal benefits from this project are: ú Determination of optimal scheduling decisions in real time ú Prediction of the durations in which SUA can be released to FAA for joint use ú Intelligent graphic display of information ú Effective interaction with the system for real-time decision-making ú Efficient real-time solutions based on dynamic aircraft density and flight path predictions ú Analysis of SUA utilization, and future SUA requirements prediction. The proposed airspace management system can be used by a majority of about 900 SUA located all over the country. |