| FUNCTIONAL COATING TECHNOLOGY, LLC.
1801 Maple Ave. suite 5320 Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 903-2378
Dr. Yi Jiang MDA 04-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Power Density Regenerative Integrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell |
| Abstract: | Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have several fundamental advantages over low temperature fuel cells for potential applications as power storage systems used at high altitudes or in space. These advantages include high power density, high hydrogen production rate, high round-trip efficiency, and long life-cycle. These advantages can lead to a substantially smaller (both weight and volume) system compared with the current regenerative power storage technology based on polymer membrane electrolyte fuel cells. We have recently demonstrated that our high-performance SOFCs work very well in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes. The proposed work is to develop high power density regenerative solid oxide fuel cells based on a novel stack design and using modified SOFC electrodes. The novel design combines the key advantages of both tubular and planar SOFCs, thus potentially allowing for development of simple robust regenerative solid oxide fuel cell systems that can produce pressurized hydrogen and oxygen. |
| STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES
Suite 102, 201 Circle Drive North Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 302-9274
Dr. Nick M. Sbrockey MDA 04-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Laser Based Wireless Power Transmission System for High Altitude Airships |
| Abstract: | Structured Materials Industries, Inc. (SMI) proposes to develop a wireless power transmission system for the high altitude airship. The system will use a ground-based high power laser and photovoltaic receivers on the airship. Wireless power transmission has the potential for highly reliable, light weight power delivery to the airship. Power densities greater than 10 kilowatts per kilogram are possible. The wireless power transmission system could provide supplemental power to the airship during periods of high power demand or limited solar power availability. In this SBIR Phase I effort, we will work with the HAA prime contractors to demonstrate technical feasibility of the power transmission system. We will establish the system specifications and design a first generation prototype. In Phase II, we will build, test and deliver a wireless power transmission prototype, which can be mounted on a high altitude airship. In Phase III, we will supply wireless power transmission systems for the HAA as well as other military and space applications. |
| US NANOCORP, INC.
74 Batterson Park Road Farmington, CT 06032 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 678-7561
Dr. Jinxiang Dai MDA 04-001 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Li-Air Cells with Ensured Safety and Prolonged Shelf-Life Using an Oxygen Selective Membrane Cathode |
| Abstract: | High performance lightweight energy production and storage technologies are needed to supplement or service as the primary power systems for high altitude airships in order to sustain long-term flight schedules. To address MDA~{!/~}s needs, US Nanocorp proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating a Li-air battery with a special air electrode for lightweight power source application with ensured safety and prolonged service time. Li-air batteries utilizing a non-aqueous electrolyte are capable of delivering extremely high energy, in excess of 3500 Wh/kg based on the mass of the carbon content of the air electrode. However, safety and cycle-life problems limit the application of the Li-air system. The basic causes of safety and cycle-life problems are from moisture attacking on lithium anode and nonaqueous electrolytes. US Nanocorp~{!/~}s solution to these problems is to use an oxygen selective membrane (~{!0~}OSM~{!1~}) permeable to oxygen but impermeable to moisture in air. This OSM will substitute the air diffusion layer as an oxygen accessing element in an air cathode, being totally resistant to moisture diffusion and allow electrolyte and lithium metal anode to be free of attacking from moisture in air. This Li-air battery system can be further developed into both military and civilian applications. |
| GINER, INC.
89 Rumford Avenue Newton, MA 02466 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 529-0536
Mr. Matthew Steinbroner MDA 04-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High-Pressure, Fuel Cell Flow-Field Design Solution for High-Altitude Airships (HAA) |
| Abstract: | The overall objective of the Phase I program is the design of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell flow field amenable to water ejection from the active area of a fuel cell operating at elevated pressures. Elevated-pressure operation of hydrogen / oxygen fuel cells has many potential benefits for round-trip efficiency and energy utilization in applications such as high-altitude airships. Flow fields for hydrogen / oxygen fuel cells have not been designed for water management in an elevated-pressure operation regime, and design of this type of flow field has the possibility of generating more efficient and lighter weight regenerative fuel cell systems. In Phase I, the effectiveness of a flow field designed specifically for a hydrogen / oxygen proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for high-pressure (400 psi) operation will be demonstrated. |
| SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING COR
101 West Sixth Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 479-7732
Dr. Burt Fowler MDA 04-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Altitude Airship Rechargeable MEMS Fuel Cell |
| Abstract: | SPEC offers lightweight, compact MEMS fuel cell for regenerative energy storage applications in HAA station keeping and operation above 65,000 feet MSL. More than one modular 10 KW unit is envisioned for the HAA. Modular unit provides 10KW at high efficiency, 60 KW peak in fuel cell mode, and absorbs 14 KW at high efficiency , 100 KW peak operation in electrolyzer mode. Innovative MEMS fuel cell backing plate approach gives stack sizes 10x smaller (210ŸY/cell) than traditional PEM fuel cells allowing proportional savings in weight per cell area. Lightweight per cell area supports optimal system weight savings (5 to 10x the fuel cell weight) through increased operational efficiency (area) trades for solar panel and fuel weight. Precision MEMS approach allows precise liquid/air interface control giving PEM hydration control in both fuel cell and electrolyzer modes for maximum efficiency and power output. Precise liquid/air interface and distribution eliminates auxiliary equipment and control systems. Integral nanotube catalyst support, grown on MEMS plates, gives minimal heat and electrical impedance, maximizing power output capability and efficiency. MEMS backing plates replace the flow field plate, gas diffusion layer and catalyst support with precision micro feature control and high producability of semiconductor processing. |
| TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, INC.
9718 Lake Shore Blvd. Cleveland, OH 44108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(440) 995-9500
Dr. Robert C. Ruhl MDA 04-002 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Weight-Reduced Regenerative Fuel Cell Solutions for High Altitude Airships (HAA) |
| Abstract: | High altitude airships (HAA) are viewed as an important potential strategic tool for improving homeland security. HAAs would provide long-term, high altitude stationary platforms for surveillance, telecommunications, and other functions. To supplement photovoltaic arrays, which can provide power during the daylight hours, energy storage is necessary for nighttime operation of the on-board mission loads, hotel loads, and propulsion systems. Technology Management, Inc. (TMI) proposes to investigate and then develop a lighter, more efficient regenerative fuel cell energy storage system based on TMI's reversible solid oxide fuel cell/electrolyzer technology. |
| CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC.
2750 Indian Ripple Road Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 320-1877
Mr. Greg A. Karst MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Encapsulation Coatings for Thin Film Photovoltaics |
| Abstract: | Cornerstone Research Group (CRG) proposes to develop and evaluate a novel encapsulation coating that protects thin film photovoltaic (PV) cells for the High Altitude Airship (HAA). The High Altitude Airship (HAA) is an unmanned, powered airship that is currently being developed to maintain a relative geostationary position at 65,000-70,000 feet. It is powered by regenerative fuel cells coupled with thin film PV or solar cells. These next-generation power generators will allow the HAA to stay on station for months or years at a time. Current state-of-the-art thin film PV cells need to be protected from the harsh conditions of the atmosphere in which the HAA operates. CRG proposes to develop a protective coating that will encapsulate the PV cells and protect them from atomic oxygen, ozone, and UV radiation degradation, while maintaining the efficiency of the PV cell. CRG's demonstrated expertise in materials and fabrication process technologies presents MDA with the opportunity to obtain a revolutionary improvement in photovoltaics. The combination of our experience in application-based optics and polymer research offers a unique combination of skills and experience to solve this problem. Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics & Surveillance Systems-Akron and Uni-Solar support CRG's innovative approach to addressing the needs of the HAA. |
| HELIOVOLT CORP.
1101 S. Capital of Texas Hwy S Austin, TX 78746 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 925-1810
Dr. Billy J. Stanbery MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | FASST(tm) Synthesis of CIGS for Flexible Solar Modules |
| Abstract: | Very lightweight, high efficiency, flexible, and durable photovoltaic (PV) arrays are needed to generate electric power for high-altitude airships. Copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) has been identified as the thin-film photovoltaic material that can meet or exceed these stringent requirements, but current processing methods cannot provide the combination of high efficiency, light weight, and flexibility that are needed for airships. HelioVolt has developed a revolutionary process to synthesize CIGS that can overcome the limitations of the conventional processes and excel at both capability and low cost. We call the process FASST(tm), in part because of its speed. Using our advanced CIGS materials model and a new device model, we will determine how this process can be applied to the Airship PV application, and what levels of performance can be expected from the resulting PV arrays. HelioVolt proposes to develop the FASST(tm) CIGS synthesis process on flexible substrates to produce high efficiency, lightweight, CIGS modules. In Phase I, we will demonstrate the feasibility of the FASST(tm) process for Airship applications, using our advanced CIGS model. In Phase 2, we will use this process to fabricate efficient, large-area CIGS solar cells on metal foil or polyimide film. |
| INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ELECTRIC TECHNO
8635 Aviation Blvd. UNIT#E Inglewood, CA 90301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 216-4427
Dr. Vijay K. Kapur MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Thin Film Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) Photovoltaic Arrays for High Altitude Airships (HAA) on Lightweight and Flexible Ceramic Substrates |
| Abstract: | We propose to fabricate high efficiency CIGS solar cells on lightweight and flexible ceramic substrates using ISET's patented ink-based process. The project has the potential to achieve AM0 solar cell efficiency about 11% and specific power density in the range of 1300 to 1500 watts/kg. The success of this process will have a beneficial impact on both the high altitute airship and terrestrial solar power markets. |
| LIGHTNING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
10 Downing Industrial Parkway Pittsfield, MA 01201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(413) 499-2135
Mr. Andy Plumer MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightning and EM Hazards Protection Designs for Photovoltaic Arrays on HAA Platforms |
| Abstract: | Provide atmospheric electrical hazards risk mitigation and protection design methodology for large airships. Fill in gaps in existing protection design technology. Enable HAA's to be launched and recovered in a wider variety of weather conditions, and to operate successfully over thunderstorms. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Dr. Somesh Mukherjee MDA 04-003 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Highly Efficient Thin Film Photovoltaic for High Altitude Airships(1000-428) |
| Abstract: | Missile defense systems use high altitude airships (HAA) that needs power source for altitudes of 65,000 feet and more. High efficiency lightweight thin film photovoltaics arrays are ideal candidates for fulfilling this requirement. However, there are several challenges that need to be overcome to produce this thin photovoltaic for space power applications. During Phase I, Triton Systems Inc. proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of developing high efficiency thin Photovoltaics arrays based on Copper Indium galliun Di-Selenide (CIGS) solar cell. In order to overcome the challenges of cost effectiveness and higher efficiency CIGS, Triton will employ a proprietary method to produce a high-temperature capable, lightweight substrate(s) suitable for monolithic integration.Trition will conduct trade studies with these substrates and further compare the cost effectiveness of this approach to the other alternative solar cells. During Phase II, we will develop large area thin film solar cell technology based on Phase I data. |
| AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP.
9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 331-1032
Mr. Bob Minelli MDA 04-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightweight Adaptive Propeller for HALE Applications |
| Abstract: | Significant improvements in propulsion systems are necessary in order to support high altitude, long endurance (HALE) missions for airships and UAV's. One of the critical components of the propulsion system is the propeller. The proposed research will demonstrate the feasibility of producing large diameter light weight adaptive propellers from launch through long duration station keeping in a variety of environmental conditions. The proposed aqpproach will provide a significant reduction in rotating mass as well as offer the benefit of being able to adapt the foil shape and twist in addition to angle of attack to improve the performance through the full flight envelope. |
| INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABORATORIES, I
10070 Barnes Canyon Road San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 852-5033
Mr. James H. Boschma MDA 04-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Cycloidal Aero-Propulsion System (ACAPS) |
| Abstract: | This proposal provides research and assessment of the Cycloidal Propeller for stratospheric airship operations. This effort will include design and simulation of a propeller system sized for the stratospheric airship, assessment of materials, their performance, reliability for long-endurance operations, and weight impact as compared with prior material types. Subscale validation experiments to corroborate aerodynamic performance model results will be performed. We will assess performance and applications of Cycloidal Propellers across the range of operating environments and temperature extremes that could be encountered during long-duration flight. Cycloidal Propellers have a unique ability to convert low-velocity, high-volume fluid flow into useful, efficient thrust. It is about 99% volumetrically efficient and offers higher levels of thrust per power input than conventional propeller types. The high efficiency reduces the demands for power, fuel weight or solar cell quantity on a stratospheric airship. It is highly responsive to motion control commands, and has the ability to vector thrust in any direction (perpendicular to its axis of rotation) almost immediately, providing unprecedented levels of maneuverability and station-keeping. It is well suited to hold an airship in a fixed position, both vertically and horizontally, and for maneuvering an airship for launch, recovery, docking and ground handling. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Mr. James Burnett MDA 04-004 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Wires for HAA(1000-430) |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems Inc. proposes to develop a casting process to fabricate high performance fiber reinforced structural wire for the High Altitude Airship. The proposed Integrated Product Team (IPT) team will consist of Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company (LMAC) and Triton's metal matrix composite product development team. The metal matrix wire will be low cost, high strength (near 400ksi) and high stiffness (over 40msi), with a density of 2.2g/cc that represents a significant improvement over wires currently available. The High Altitude Airship has a requirement for sustained flights of at least one-year duration. This means that every component in the structure must be very lightweight. To meet this light weight requirement, airships in general have used light frames with highly loaded wire rope for structural bracing. The proposed fiber reinforced structural wire is expected to reduce the total weight of wire rope by over 50% versus steel. This program has been conceived to fabricate and move directly into production of fiber reinforced wire for the High altitude Airship Applications. |
| ACULIGHT CORP.
11805 North Creek Parkway S., Suite 113 Bothell, WA 98011 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 482-1100
Dr. Angus Henderson MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Space Qualifiable Laser Technology |
| Abstract: | The MDA and other elements of the Department of Defense (DoD) have multiple applications for high power laser sources, including deployment in space where power, size, weight and refueling logistics are issues. Applications include acquisition and identification of missiles or other threats, tracking and destruction of such threats, decoy rejection, and defeat of enemy electro-optic sensors. High Energy Lasers (HEL) offer the potential to maintain asymmetric technological edge over adversaries for the foreseeable future. Conventional diode pumped solid-state lasers for this application suffer from single point failures, severe thermal induced distortion, modest efficiency and severe cooling requirements. Fiber lasers offer solutions to all of these limitations, but must use beam combination to reach mission average power levels. Aculight proposes the merger of a new (non coherent) beam combining approach and advanced large mode area (LMA) fiber laser technology as a power-scaleable solution to meet the demanding MDA requirements. Ongoing work at Aculight has shown that higher average power and reduced nonlinear parasitics are an advantage obtained from large mode area (LMA) fibers in beam combined approaches. Recent advances in LMA fibers offer an additional level of improvement in tailoring the fiber characteristics for system optimization. This Phase I work will characterize and demonstrate the potential of these fibers in an architecture with scalability to the 10-100 kW level. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Bert Callicoatt MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Space Qualifiable Laser Technology |
| Abstract: | High average power lasers are necessary for space-based missions such as long-range sensing and directed energy weapons. Such long-range sensors typically require kW-class power with low intensity noise, diffraction limited beam quality, and high efficiency. In order to meet these and other requirements, CTI is pursuing an innovative laser technology to kW-class average power with new levels of spatial coherence, high electrical-to-optical efficiency, pulsed or CW operation, and controllable spectral and temporal coherence for direct/coherent detection transceivers. The primary challenges for space qualification of this and other solid-state laser technology have been reducing prime power consumption and mass while maintaining performance and reliability. The proposed technology development breaks new ground in thermal management and optical systems design by building upon recently demonstrated breakthrough laser architecture. The architecture utilizes 2-D optical transport and 1-D thermal transport coupled to next-generation innovative adaptations of compact, high performance 2-phase cooling. Phase I delivers primary and alternate engineering designs with a comprehensive risk burn-down plan for a space-based kW-class laser system. Phase 2 will deliver a sub-scale demonstration unit providing functional evidence of the technology for space-qualification. CTI's extensive flight qualified laser experience and the heritage of our teammate Swales Aerospace in space-qualified thermal design/payload packaging, brings significant leverage to the program. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARC
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Dr. Ching-Fong Chen MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightweight, High Thermal Conductivity Materials for Thermal Management Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to develop a lightweight, high thermal conductivity material with a tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion for laser technology components leading to higher power lasers. In high performance electronics, packaging is the limiting factor in electrical circuit efficiency. Specifically, thermal management, along with reliability and the trend toward miniaturization, are essential factors in successful electronic design. In addition, the trend toward lightweight packaging is getting more and more attention due to portable handheld devices and space applications. With both the increasing density of components and the increasing power from these components, thermal management materials having high thermal conductivity are needed. Without efficient heat dissipation, the increased laser operating temperatures would lead to increased component failure rates. This program proposes an innovative material that has a thermal conductivity greater than 800 W/møK, CTE that matches Si and GaAs, and still remains cost effective. |
| RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3267 Progress Drive Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 384-7840
Dr. Daniel P Rin MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Thermal Management for Space Based High Energy Lasers |
| Abstract: | In the proposed SBIR effort RTI will investigate an innovative cooling approach to dissipate the high heat fluxes generated by diode-pumped solid-state laser (SSL) systems. SSL systems require efficient heat transfer techniques that are capable of managing high heat fluxes and high transient loads (laser "on" vs laser "off"). Existing water-based micro-channel cooling technology is not suited for deployment of high-power SSL's in space due to high system weight. Existing space-qualified heat pipe cooling technologies are not capable of handling the heat fluxes of 100-350W/cm2 generated by the laser diodes. RTI's cooling approach dissipates the high heat flux with Evaporative Spray Cooling (ESC) technology and transports the heat via a pump loop to a thermal energy storage (TES) unit featuring enhanced phase change material encapsulated in a porous graphite matrix. TES is the key technology that enables a laser operating heat load an order of magnitude greater than the ultimate heat rejection rate to space. RTI will perform sub-scale demonstrations to determine feasibility, and provide a conceptual design for a 1kWo SSL system with traceability to a 100kWo system. If shown to be feasible, the proposed cooling techniques can provide high heat flux thermal management to space based solid-state lasers with acceptable weight impacts to the spacecraft. |
| SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY, INC.
15 WARD STREET SOMERVILLE, MA 02143 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 547-1122
Dr. RODNEY PETR MDA 04-005 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ultra-Compact Solid-State Driver Technology for Improving the Performance & Lifetime of Laser Diode/Diode Arrays Operating at High Power |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project will develop novel solid-state drivers with integrated fault-mode protection for driving laser diode arrays at very high power with improved reliability and long life. Current filamentation in laser diodes is a primary failure mechanism at the elevated power levels required by High Energy Lasers (HELs) and laser weapons. Eliminating current filamentation with advanced power electronics is essential to improving diode array performance and reliability. SRL will develop diagnostics to monitor laser diode performance and detect the on-set of current filamentation in diode arrays. Driver electronics can then rapidly change electrical power, and preserve the operating capability of diode arrays, without the loss of average output optical power. This technology program is focused on developing a compact and lightweight diode driver that leads directly to longer life, higher beam quality, higher efficiency, and lower cost-of-ownership for high power diode arrays, when employed for a broad range of both tactical and strategic military missions. These missions range from tactical (theater) missile defense, to defense of aircraft, to defense against ballistic missiles from space-, ground-, and sea-based platforms. At lower power, this modular technology will also impact lower power applications such as laser range-finders and target designators. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Shawn D. Wehe MDA 04-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of Micro-Scale Laser Technology |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I SBIR, the team of Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) propose to develop the design for and perform key feasibility tests for a micro-scale chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). The design is based upon micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and will be verified by using ultra-sensitive optical diagnostics. This microCOIL has the potential for high efficiency and a size and weight nearly an order of magnitude smaller than conventional COIL devices. The design developed in Phase I will be fabricated and tested in Phase II. The Phase II device would integrate a singlet oxygen generator, an iodine injector, an optical cavity, and diagnostics into a single microCOIL device. The goal at the end of the Phase II Program is to have demonstrated small signal gain on a single microCOIL element. This will prove the viability of a scaled, multi-element device that will be built as part of a Phase III program. |
| RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3267 Progress Drive Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 384-7840
Dr. Daniel P Rini MDA 04-006 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Micro-Scale Nozzle Technology Used in a Compact Thermal Management System for Solid-State Lasers |
| Abstract: | Solid-state lasers (SSL's) are the most likely near term lasers that can be considered for deployment on space-based platforms. These electric laser systems pose unique challenges in that the cooling system must dissipate heat loads that are often ten times greater than the laser output, with high heat fluxes over large surface areas and limited heat rejection. Existing water-based micro-channel cooling technology requires large coolant flow rates and high pressure heads, leading to heavy and bulky thermal management systems that are not suited for deployment in space, and existing space qualified heat pipe cooling technologies are not capable of handling the heat fluxes of 100-350 W/cm2 generated by the laser diodes. In this effort Rini Technologies, Inc. proposes an innovative evaporative spray cooling (ESC) technique that will reduce the mass and volume of SSL cooling systems in space. The ESC system utilizes unique micro-nozzle arrays can dissipate the high heat fluxes generated by the laser diodes with substantially lower coolant flow rates and reduced pressure drops compared to micro-channel cooling techniques. If shown to be feasible, the proposed micro-nozzle ESC system can provide high heat flux thermal control to space based SSL's with acceptable weight impacts to the spacecraft increasing the laser power-to-mass and laser power-to-volume ratios. |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
800 West 14th Street, Suite 11 Rolla, MO 65401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(573) 341-4675
Dr. Ming Xin MDA 04-008 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) Algorithm Development to Enhance the Lethality of Interceptors against Maneuvering Targets |
| Abstract: | A recently developed nonlinear controller(developed by the PI and the project consultant) called the theta-D method is the centerpiece around which an Integrated Guidance and Control scheme and a nonlinear filter technique are built to enhance the lethality of kinetic kill interceptors and offer means to increase the maneuver ratio advantage. Objectives of this proposal include development of a six-degrees of freedom based Integral Guidance and Control scheme that brings the guidance and control objective into one fold. Main concerns of kinetic kill vehicles like maximization of velocity at impact can be treated with variable cost functions that could include guidance and control for minimum drag. A novel nonlinear filter is proposed to be used to improve the accuracy of the target estimates. Various spiraling and weaving target scenarios will be used to evaluate the algorithms proposed to be used |
| RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
500 Wynn Drive, Suite 504 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 423-8607
Mr. Harvey Gratt MDA 04-008 Awarded: 04MAY04 |
| Title: | Advanced Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) Algorithm Development to Enhance the Lethality of Interceptors against Maneuvering Targets |
| Abstract: | The objective of the proposal is to develop and extend to 6-DOF missile-target engagement and dynamic models of the integrated guidance-control and filtering-target-missile state estimation algorithms to achieve the hit-to-kill accuracy against targets performing evasive maneuvers, including spiraling motion. In order to validate the performance of the sliding mode control (SMC) observers and robust-to-noise differentiators for the purpose of computing feedback command of the proposed integrated guidance/control system, the homing loop will be simulated in a software-hardware test bed. |
| SYSENSE CORP.
3660 West Temple Avenue, Suite Pomona, CA 91768 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(909) 869-3278
Dr. Jason L. Speyer MDA 04-008 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Advanced Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) Algorithm Development to Enhance the Lethality of Interceptors against Maneuvering Targets |
| Abstract: | In this proposal, we proposed to develop and implement a new, advanced homing missile guidance algorithm for kinetic kill interceptors against advanced maneuvering threats. Rather than estimate target motion or develop a filter on assumed strategy of the adversary, SySense suggests that a filter be constructed so that the dynamic effect of the target in the direction of the target acceleration is blocked. In effect, this requires the filter to process with zero memory its measurements in a subspace associated with the target acceleration direction. From the state estimates of this filter, the guidance laws obtained by game theory can be used. |
| ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC.
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 434-6392
Dr. Ranji Vaidyanathan MDA 04-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Small low-cost energetic components for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | In this phase I SBIR program, Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc. (ACR) proposes the development of an innovative manufacturing technique for combination of energetic materials that can be manufactured into lightweight, fine-featured structural components for the DACS systems to enhance the lethality of a miniature kill vehicle. The proposed technique will leverage ACR's experience with gel-casting slurries into fine-featured molds. ACR will blend energetic materials and cast components of different sizes suitable for the miniature kill vehicle designs. These parts will have a porosity of 20-30% with the porosity increasing to 40-50% after the binder burnout phase. This porosity will then be infiltrated with a low melting temperature metal providing structural strength. This reaction would increase the lethality of the miniature kill vehicles by at least 50-75%. The advantage of this approach is that any of the DACS that are not fired would contribute to the enhanced lethality that is being planned to be achieved with miniature DACS systems. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4125
Mr. Uday Kashalikar MDA 04-009 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Lightweight and Dimensionally Stable MKV Optical Structures |
| Abstract: | Foster-Miller will demonstrate technology to produce lightweight and dimensionally stable components for MKV optics structures. We have previously demonstrated the relevant fabrication process as well as materials with excellent specific stiffness and low CTE as needed to produce dimensionally stable components. Additionally, we have teamed up with an appropriate defense prime contractor for development and commercialization of this technology. The proposed manufacturing process is well suited to produce small, intricate shaped MKV optics structures at an affordable cost. During Phase I, Foster-Miller will produce and test key specimens to conclusively prove applicability of the technology for MKV optical structures. The follow-on Phase II program will demonstrate repeatability in performance and cost effectiveness of full-scale MKV optics structures. (P-040274) |
| GENERAL SCIENCES, INC.
205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 723-8588
Dr. Peter D. Zavitsanos MDA 04-009 Awarded: 11MAY04 |
| Title: | Miniaturized, Low Weight, Low Cost Interceptor Components for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this program is to investigate the insertion of reactive materials into the MKV program in order to achieve weight/cost reduction while maintaining enhanced lethality effectiveness. Several materials synthesis techniques are proposed as well as key property characterization measurements. In addition close technical interaction with the prime MKV contractor is intended in order to identify (a) key experimental evaluation and (b) best method of technology insertion into the MKV hardware program. |
| INNOVATIVE BUSINESSS SOLUTIONS, INC.
301 Concourse Boulevard, Suite 120 Glen Allen, VA 23059 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 812-5555
Mr. Greg Sjoquist MDA 04-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Miniaturized, Low Weight, Low Cost Interceptor Components for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | Several concepts for miniature interceptors have been considered by various agencies of the United States Missile Defense community. Many new and innovative technologies are required to be developed to address the many unique problems faced when attempting to create an integrated system that is capable of autonomous fly out to an end point target. One common aspect for all concepts under consideration in a miniaturized kill vehicle is the avionics and electronics suite. Significant size, power and weight constraints exist in order to realize a miniature kill vehicle interceptor that has a mass of 2.0 kilograms or less. Phase I objective will be focused on the study and definition of a low cost, reliable advanced processor module. This module is based on state of the art high density FPGAs and the associated embedded processors as well as advanced PWB/PWA manufacturing techniques providing the level of integration required. IBSi has successfully designed and manufactured a miniature processor node for MDA Advanced System that is a key part in the concept design for the Miniature Kill Vehicle program at Lockheed Martin Missile and Fire Control in Dallas, TX. By combining the highly integrated avionics and processor module with the front end (FPA) sensor directly, a single module will be realized. This "Miniature Integrated Processor and Avionics Node (MIPAN) for Miniature Kill Vehicle" will capture real time target image information, process the image information, integrate the vehicle navigation solution from appropriate MEMS inertial measurement unit, calculate the required interceptor trajectory and fire appropriate DAC commands to achieve a hit to kill intercept. |
| MICROASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3065 Richmond Parkway, Suite 109 Richmond, CA 94806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 758-2600
Mr. Wallace Tang MDA 04-009 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Mirror Arrays for Infrared Staring Arrays |
| Abstract: | The proposed work will develop micromirror arrays for VLWIR applications. Key challenges include the need for large piston stroke and compatibility with cryogenic conditions. For the proposed SBIR project, MicroAssembly is leveraging technologies developed under the DARPA CCIT program, as well as ongoing collaboration with industrial partners. The key to the proposed work is MicroAssembly's high yield fabrication process that enables integration of MEMS devices. This fabrication process has been utilized for the development of many MEMS devices, including high-g accelerometers, low-g accelerometers, resonators, and RF MEMS switches. Key military applications include free space communications, imaging, targeting and laser IRCM |
| SECOTEC, INC.
4935 CENTURY ST., STE 201 HUNTSVILLE, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 722-0000
Mr. David Kalin MDA 04-009 Selected for Award |
| Title: | System Hit Optical Technique for Kill Assessment |
| Abstract: | SECOTEC is proposing a simple, lightweight, carry-along Kill Assessment (KA) system based on two techniques that that we currently have under development. One is a fiber optic based Two Point Optical Thermometer (TPOT) that has been used to remotely determine the resultant temperature of kinetic energy impacts, high explosive events, and reactive fragment reactions. It has a range from 1,000 deg Kelvin to well above 5,000 deg Kelvin, uses a single two color sensor, and has a time response of 250 kHz up to 2 MHz if necessary. The other is a high-speed Fiber Optic Spectrometer (FOS) that is based on similar technology but uses a simple, linear array that is line filtered for specific bands. |
| VICUS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
62 Portland Rd Kennebunk, ME 04043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(207) 985-4200
Mr. Paul Hurlburt MDA 04-009 Awarded: 13MAY04 |
| Title: | Miniaturized, Low Weight, Low Cost Interceptor Components for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | The Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) will require a source of power to operate target acquisition systems, seeker system and any divert propulsion once it is deployed from the carrier vehicle. The requirements for the MKV are stringent ion terms of allowable mass and space available to locate the MKV subsystems. As a result, novel materials, manufacturing processes, and materials will be required for this application. The proposed effort will develop a conformal power supply that will be charged during the boost phase of the mission and prior to MKV deployment. Conventional batteries and power supplies will not likely fit into the MKV volume The conformal power supply will require rapid charging since it must be accomplished during the boost phase of the intercept and prior to MKV deployment. To facilitate this, a nano-carbon deposited electrode will be demonstrated that permits rapid charging of a conformal ultracapacitor. Testing will be conducted to confirm the rapid capabilities of the capacitor. |
| SCITEC, INC.
100 Wall Street Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 921-3892
Mr. James J. Lisowski MDA 04-010 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Boost Phase Plume-to-Hardbody Handover |
| Abstract: | Several plume-hardbody handover algorithms under development by various investigators show promise in simulations for locating the missile body when the body is resolved or approximately the size of a pixel. Several scenarios involving liquid propellant missiles, such as the cases where these threats are observed at moderate to long ranges, and are at near nose-on geometries or large angles of attack, provide challenges to these handover algorithm and corresponding single- or dual-wavelength infrared detector concepts, however. These stressing conditions are challenging to space and air based systems that are employed to provide accurate metrics for reconstruction of threat trajectories or to provide position information for mid-course intercept, especially considering the preferred use in these systems of wavebands optimized for plume detection. In the enhancement plume flight regime (typically 70-200 km altitude for ICBM class missiles), plume radiance patterns exhibit a characteristic parabolic shape. This parabola is maintained even at large angles of attack. In some cases, the windward side may be significantly brighter than the leeward side and may present a "bright spot" that competes with the localized "vacuum core" signature, which is often used as an aim-point for the handover algorithms. Therefore, fitting the radiance pattern to this characteristic parabola provides a means for determining the plume axis, which then allows for more robust aim-point estimation. Relatively straightforward interpretation of the radiance patterns, possibly augmented with off-board information or information gained from multiple frames of data, allows for the determination of whether the threat is observed at near nose-on aspect angles or high angles of attack and the subsequent selection of the correct "bright point " that includes the missile body. Additionally, the parabola contains information that may be exploited to reveal characteristics of the propulsion system for identification of the upper stage missile system. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
6 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 812-7874
Dr. Chee-Yee Chong MDA 04-011 Awarded: 07MAY04 |
| Title: | Distributed Object Discrimination for BMD |
| Abstract: | Object discrimination is one of the most important functions in ballistic missile defense since successful engagement and intercept of the warhead requires timely discrimination of lethal objects from decoys and other non-lethal objects. Multiple sensors exploiting diversity in phenomenology and viewing geometry can provide better discrimination information than a single sensor but exploiting this information requires a good fusion algorithm. Although centralized discrimination is theoretically optimal, distributed discrimination has advantages of lower communication bandwidth, robustness to failure, etc. The proposed research addresses key issues in distributed discrimination including choice of appropriate architecture, information to communicate among processing agents, optimal fusion algorithms, and communication strategies. It adopts the information graph model to analyze the dependence among processing agents so that information will not be double-counted. Object and sensor models represented by Bayesian networks are used to identify the minimum sufficient information that should be communicated and fused. An information-theoretic approach is used to decide when communication should take place. The Phase I effort will demonstrate the technical feasibility of distributed discrimination by integrating these components and comparing the resulting performance with that using centralized discrimination. |
| HYPERTECH SYSTEMS
4 Dickens Court Irvine, CA 92612 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 477-1101
Dr. David Slater MDA 04-011 Awarded: 14MAY04 |
| Title: | Data and evidence fusion from multiple independent Decision Theoretic sources: Hybrid Decision Networks |
| Abstract: | We will develop an innovative approach to the detection of subpixel missile threats in hyperspectral images. The new approach will use a generalized likelihood ratio statistic to define decision surfaces in terms of spectral/spatial subspace models for missile targets and backgrounds. Missile targets will be represented by invariant spectral subspaces that characterize target properties over a range of conditions. Background clutter will be characterized using adaptive spectral/spatial subspaces. The resulting detection algorithm will have the ability to detect subpixel threats in cluttered environments under unknown atmospheric conditions. The spectral subspace representation will allow the use of high-speed techniques for the computation of the likelihood ratio decision statistic. We will demonstrate the feasibility of the new approach using experiments with missile spectral signatures measured using a chromotomographic sensor embedded in cluttered hyperspectral images. An important goal is to determine the fundamental bounds on hyperspectral missile detection performance. We will also assess algorithm performance and computational requirements as a function of the amount of spectral and spatial information that is provided to the algorithm. The general approach will be applicable to any spectral region, but algorithm assessment during Phase I will focus on the mid-wave infrared. |
| KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC.
1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 260-5274
Dr. Richard Mayer MDA 04-011 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | MSFF: Multi-Spectral Feature Fusion |
| Abstract: | We propose to build a Multi-Spectral Feature Fusion Framework (MSFF): a framework for fusion of data from Multi-Spectral sensors. The ultimate goal of the proposed solution is to improve the probability of target detection and identification. Two major innovations of the proposed effort are: (i) Composite feature vector that includes diverse features such as shape parameters (area, boundary length, number of edges, etc.), multi-scale texture parameters, moments of the radiance intensity of different orders, radiance energy of the image determined in multi-scale wavelet coefficient domain, and (ii) Innovative approach to closed loop association and classification that will apply machine learning methods to establish "similarity" in the detected features of the object and their "proximity" to a reference entity. The MSFF framework will support the comprehensive lifecycle from data preprocessing to transformation, feature extraction, association, and identification. The Phase I project will develop the concept of operation and algorithms. The algorithms will be tested and analyzed on simulated data using a testbed of physical and engineering models of sensors. The Phase II project will develop and harden software for near-real-time data processing. |
| OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.
4030 Spencer St, Suite 108 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 371-4445
Dr. Nahum Gat MDA 04-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Target Detection in Clutter using Joint Bayesian & Generalized Likelyhood Tests in Neyman-Pearson Detection |
| Abstract: | Hyperspectral sensors have proven capable of distinguishing targets that are otherwise very difficult to discern. However, such sensors also tend to produce false alarms at a significant rate. The Battle Management, Command and Control (BMC2) architecture will deal with most difficult detection scenario: targets may be sub-pixel in size, with a cluttered Earth background including clouds, land, water, and spectral noise, in a constantly shifting scene. The ultimate objective is to use the scene to extract background statistics and ultimately, to extract the target. The Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) and the Bayesian Likelihood Ratio Test (BLRT) are widely used as standard detection techniques for target signals that are corrupted by structured clutter and unstructured broadband noise. The choice between GLRT and BLRT depends on the availability of statistical or physical a-priori information about the unknown parameters in the data mixing model. We propose a new approach for combining the GLRT and the BLRT into a cascaded detector by deriving a general form of the BLRT. In this detector, the GLRT's role is to determine the background pixels' statistics by subtracting the target's pixels (or including sub-pixels) from the pixels of the entire image. Using the estimated statistical information about the background pixels, the BLRT is then applied to reduce the probability of false alarms. In the process, we also introduce a new way to discern between target and background structures in vector space, which is one of the most difficult problems in practice. |
| SOLID STATE SCIENTIFIC CORP.
27-2 Wright Road Hollis, NH 03049 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 465-5686
Dr. James E. Murguia MDA 04-012 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Subspace Detection of Surprise Events for the BMC2 Architecture |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop subspace classifiers for detecting and monitoring dynamic and surprise events (e.g. missile launches warhead and decoy deployment, artillery fire, etc.) from a remote platform. The algorithms will be tailored to the Advanced Spectral Sensor developed by SSSC, which is capable of adaptively measuring the spectra of surprise events anywhere within a large field of view at greater than video rates. This sensor is also capable of accurately locating the event with little impact on data bandwidth. The classifiers will be based both on the existing library of surprise event data and on data collection opportunities that arise during the course of the contract. The classifiers will exploit target specific spectral-temporal features and also be tailored to support the unique aspects of the Advanced Spectral Sensor. Information about the target subspace will be incorporated into the hardware implementation to create an advanced sensor system that can be integrated into the next-generation MDA BMC2 architecture. |
| AERO OPTICS, INC.
655 Deep Valley Drive, Suite 335 Rolling Hills Estate, CA 90274 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 541-1933
Dr. G. Newton Freeman MDA 04-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ladar Algorithm for Lethal Objects (LALO) |
| Abstract: | Advanced interceptor seekers with active ladar systems offer enhanced capabilities for target acquisition, discrimination, tracking, and targeting of a lethal object within a ballistic missile threat train including off-nominal threats and countermeasures. Full exploitation of these capabilities requires robust ladar algorithms to enhance seeker decision functions that include far-range ladar cuing, target acquisition/tracking, optimum handover, enhanced discrimination, aimpoint selection, and end game countermeasure mitigation. Algorithms are required to support laser augmentation of multiband passive sensors including non-coherent/coherent systems and active/passive fusion for improved seeker performance including mitigation of diffuse-scattering and laser-speckle effects. The proposed investigation will evaluate competing seeker/algorithm concepts through end-to-end dynamic simulation of a ballistic missile threat train as perceived over time by the interceptor seeker. The simulation will include the position/orientation dynamics and passive/active signatures of lethal/non-lethal objects and the associated seeker/algorithm response for acquisition, discrimination, tracking, and targeting of the lethal object. The investigation will consider realistic threat ensembles, deployment sequences, and background conditions to ensure algorithm robustness. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Charles Bjork MDA 04-013 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Coherent Ladar Algorithm for Robust Target Acquisition, Discrimination, Aimpoint Selection and Maintenance |
| Abstract: | Coherent Technologies Inc., proposes "Coherent Ladar Algorithm for Robust Acquisition, Discrimination, Aimpoint Selection and Maintenance" to address MDA Ladar algorithm development and signature processing for advanced missile seekers. The proposed algorithm exploits unique capabilities of emerging Doppler Ladars, fused with passive sensors, to acquire/discriminate threats that may contain off-nominal components and various countermeasures. Range and Doppler measurement exploitation assure rapid acquisition, track convergence. For Phase I, resilience to backgrounds will be demonstrated. Processed adaptive multiplet waveforms will yield mass-dependent discriminants for good target class separation, compensate for platform and other noise, and adapt for flexible application to diverse target types. Adaptive waveform temporal bandwidth and optimum component spacing will be used to achieve high range/velocity resolution and precision, over transient events such as staging, target deployment, and deployment response. Multi-waveform averaging mitigates speckle and drives-up measurement precision and effective carrier-to-noise ratio. Range and velocity resolution/precision will be adaptively traded to optimize algorithm performance. For Phase II/III, the algorithm will be demonstrated on Ladar hardware currently under development at Eastern and Pacific Test ranges, in a real-time processor/interface. Algorithm/waveforms make achievable sub-cm/sec velocity-precision for millidoppler/microdoppler discriminants, cm's range-precision for target discrimination, and reduced miss-distance via Doppler-null tracking for aimpoint selection and maintenance. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
IT Division, 20600 Gramercy Place Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Stephen Kupiec MDA 04-014 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Multiframe Image Enhancement and Processing for Target Discrimination |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defense Agency is seeking innovative electro-optical/infrared multiframe processing algorithms to recognize and intercept the lethal object within a ballistic missile threat train. These algorithms are critical components of Project Hercules to counter off-nominal and evolving missile threats. To address this Missile Defense Agency need, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop new Resolution-Enhanced Dynamic Statistical Target Advanced Recognition (REDSTAR) technology. REDSTAR is a unique integration of generic digital signal processing hardware with intelligent image processing software, which includes Multiframe Image Resolution Enhancement Framework (MIREF), Multiscale Image Contrast Enhancement (MICE) and Hierarchical Target Modeling (HTM). It will enhance resolution, detail, and contrast in low-resolution images captured by missile guidance sensors, and extract critical target information in real time to guide the kill vehicle. It can extract hidden spatio-temporal information from the image sequence to generate super-resolution images for target discrimination. REDSTAR can be applied to visible, IR, LIDAR, and MSX images acquired in boost, midcourse, or terminal phase. In Phase I, POC will demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of REDSTAR by testing against targets, target events, and backgrounds. In Phase II, POC will develop REDSTAR hardware and test REDSTAR with real sensor data in a realistic environment. |
| RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 306-0010
Dr. James N. Caron MDA 04-014 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Multi-frame Processing for Improved Identification of Lethal Objects |
| Abstract: | Research Support Instruments Inc. (RSI) proposes to research and develop a multi-frame processing algorithm that is uniquely tailored to combine a frame sequence from a kill vehicle to improve the identification of a target. The combination process will diminish the effect of motion blur that occurs when randomly translated frames are summed. Removing the blur will greatly enhance the intensity of the object and thus improve identification. RSI will investigate all manners of registration and blur removal that adhere to the restrictions presented by the task. Expected candidates include an image registration technique based on the projection of rows and columns, and a novel motion blur removal using an advanced blind deconvolution technique. |
| COMPUTATIONAL SENSORS CORP.
201 N. Calle Cesar Chavez, Suite 203 Santa Barbara, CA 93103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 962-1175
Mr. Jeff Scott MDA 04-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Super Resolution Using Analog Spatial Processors |
| Abstract: | During Phase I Computational Sensors Corp. (CSC) will explore spatial domain super resolution (SR) approaches for extracting high resolution images from non-uniformly sampled data registered using sequences of low resolution images and seeker line-of-sight (LOS) direction estimates from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Interpolation, fundamental to SR, will be performed using the Gaussian blur kernel of our Thin Film Analog Image Processors (TAIP). In previous work, CSC has developed an analog, massively parallel, real-time video processing system capable of bulk spatio-temporal filtering. The enabling device uses analog silicon retinas in multi-chip architectures for complex, agile, spatial-frequency filtering. CSC plans to leverage the inherent computational advantage of performing large kernel spatial filtering in the analog domain to developing high frame-rate SR capability for mid-course seekers. One of the most difficult problems facing national missile defense pertains to accurately and efficiently identifying closely-spaced objects (CSO). For space-based detection systems, the situation can be highly complex with multiple objects moving at low relative velocities amid countermeasure clutter. Super resolution has the potential to enable earlier target/decoy discrimination for mid-course interceptors. During Phase I a SR approach will be developed with real-world data testing and implementation in hardware to commence in Phase II. |
| PIXON LLC
100 North Country Rd. Setauket, NY 11733 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 227-2739
Dr. Richard Puetter MDA 04-015 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Real-Time, Super Resolution Pixon Processing for MDA Kill Vehicles |
| Abstract: | We propose to implement image-processing algorithms that greatly enhance sensitivity, tracking accuracy, and resolution of closely spaced objects (CSOs) in real-time missile-guidance systems. These enhancements are accomplished without prior knowledge of the number and composition of the targets within a CSO cluster. The proposed capabilities are relevant to the MDA EKV program and are complementary to and synergistic with competing approaches for separating CSO targets. The algorithms are based upon our proprietary Quick Pixon method, already implemented in real-time hardware and demonstrated to increase resolution by up to a factor of two and decrease background noise by a factor of six. The program will build on an independent Phase II program we hope to begin in 2004; it concerns re-configuration of our existing Quick Pixon hardware into an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In this project, we propose to add to the latter device full-color capability and to provide for processing of EO-sensor outputs as large as 2048 x 2048 pixels. Phase II would offer sufficient resources to actually produce ASICs without further funding. By conclusion of Phase II, compact low-power devices will be available for implementation into MDA systems. |
| RESEARCH SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 306-0010
Dr. James N. Caron MDA 04-015 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Super-sampling of Multi-frame Sequences for Improved Identification of Lethal Objects |
| Abstract: | Research Support Instruments Inc. (RSI) proposes to develop a new multi-frame processing technique that allows fast and effective super-sampling of the scene. Each frame of the imaging sequence is up-sampled to a higher image size. Then, without realignment, the frames are averaged together. This produces a single image that has complicated motion blur embedded in it. This motion blur is removed using a novel blind deconvolution algorithm called the Self-deconvolving Data Reconstruction Algorithm. This process greatly reduces the computational needs usually associated with super-sampling but removing the requirement to measure alignment errors between each frame before averaging. |
| COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNO
6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 766-1520
Dr. Sanford M. Dash MDA 04-016 Awarded: 27APR04 |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Technologies and Concepts |
| Abstract: | The innovation for this Phase I program is the development of advanced high-fidelity techniques for the analysis of moving transient plumes at high altitudes, accounting for their distortion and trajectory changes due to interactions with the surrounding atmosphere, as well as procedures for performing detailed 6DOF analyses of aerodynamic bodies traversing through such moving plumes. Transient plumes at exo altitudes will be simulated using new hybrid continuum / direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) techniques now under development for analyzing higher altitude steady-state rocket plumes and divert jets. In the hybrid approach, the continuum solution is interfaced with the DSMC solution along a continuum breakdown surface, which for transient plumes, is continually changing with time. Dynamic grid adaption techniques will be utilized whereby the grid moves with the expanding plume, conforms to its contour, and concentrates grid points in high density zones. A scope-out study of validation experiments to support this advanced model development will also be performed. |
| DAVIDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
530 Discovery Drive Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 327-3122
Mr. Don Tingle MDA 04-016 Awarded: 30APR04 |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Technologies and Concepts |
| Abstract: | Davidson Technolotgies Inc. has proposed a task to develop and assess an algorithm to provide discrimination of encapsulating balloons, a serious potential countermeasures. Available literature suggests that precommit discrimination is not feasible due to the long range from sensor to target and limited angle resolution of precommit sensors, where this techniques will examine post-commit discrimination where range to target is shorter and resolution of threat objects can be achieved. This technique can be used to identify which balloon contains the hidden RV and further, we believe, can help locate where the RV is inside the balloon. |
| DECIBEL RESEARCH, INC.
PO Box 5368 Huntsville, AL 35814 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 716-0787
Mr. Earl Reed MDA 04-016 Awarded: 21APR04 |
| Title: | Multistatic Discrimination Approaches for Ballistic Missile Defense Applications |
| Abstract: | This effort proposes a new and innovative approach for defeating ballistic missile defense discrimination countermeasures. The use of bistatic and multistatic radar signatures will be exploited to help the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) defeat many of the stressing discrimination threats and countermeasures facing the current and future BMD system. Bistatic refers to using a separate transmitter and receiver, in physically separate locations, to perform the traditional radar transmit and receive functions. Multistatic simply implies that there is more than one receiver being used. There are numerous benefits to using bistatic and multistatic approaches for discrimination. These benefits include having higher radar cross sections (RCSs) and achieving spatially diverse geometries to observe threats and countermeasures from multiple viewing angles. This is extremely important, given that radar signatures are very dependent upon the viewing geometry (aspect and roll angles) between the threat and the radar. The benefits that will be demonstrated during this phase I activity have great potential to impact the over-all BMDS as well as existing technology programs. As the BMDS evolves to a distributed "System of Systems", the opportunities to capitalize upon multiple viewing geometries will become increasingly important. Possible programs that could benefit from this work include: National Missile Defense (NMD)/Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD), THAAD, Forward Based Radar, PATRIOT, JLENS, Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI), High Altitude Airship, Project Hercules and the Advanced Discrimination Initiative. |
| GENERAL SCIENCES, INC.
205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 723-8588
Dr. Peter D. Zavitsanos MDA 04-016 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Technologies and Concepts |
| Abstract: | New Counter-Counter Measure (CCM) techniques are proposed for Missile Defense (MD) which can provide discrimination of balloons and possibly other decoys in the presence of a Re-entry Vehicle (RV). This will be accomplished by the utilization of new advanced materials and concepts manufacturing and depolyment technologies unique to General Sciences, Inc. (GSI). It is expected that this effort will provide new discrimination capabilities to the Missile Defense Program. |
| MILTEC CORP.
678 Discovery Drive Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 428-1413
Dr. Greg Ferguson MDA 04-016 Awarded: 05MAY04 |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Technologies and Concepts |
| Abstract: | Advanced counter measure threats envisioned to be deployed against midcourse missile defense weapon systems creates a problem in discriminating between the real threat and decoys. A need exists to effectively discriminate and/or eliminate the decoys from the vicinity so the real threat can be neutralized. Developing a weapon system that removes decoys and allows easier discrimination requires a significant lethality assessment matrix that defines the optimum vehicle lethality components, materials and dispersion pattern requirements. Preliminary damage and kill assessments can be accomplished using hydrocodes; i.e, CTH, with results validated through empirical tests, legacy data or testing. These results can populate a matrix defining weapon concepts that can damage or remove a given set of decoys. A fast running algorithm and/or look-up table that characterizes the kill matrix can be coupled with existing "hit-to-kill" lethality end-game codes to produce a robust cost effective tool to quickly evaluate real threats. Commercialization could proceed on two fronts. First, is the ability to provide some protection to important satellite assets or aircraft by using the envisioned weapon systems to kill or inflict damage on incoming threats. Secondly, the upgraded end game lethality codes would be usable by the defense, intelligence, transportation and homeland security departments. In Phase I, the critical parameters to damage on a counter measure decoy will be investigated through CTH analysis and potential weaponization concepts suggested. Phase II, will validate these concepts against empirical or legacy data and use light gas gun testing as needed. A supplemental fast running algorithm/module for existing end game lethality software will be developed and validated. Finally, Phase III expands the weaponization concepts to provide for direct insertion into the BMDS midcourse elements. |
| STRATONICS, INC.
23151 Verdugo Drive, Suite 114 Laguna Hills, CA 92653 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 461-7060
Dr. Ronald Parker MDA 04-016 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Technologies and Concepts |
| Abstract: | Stratonics proposes to develop active mid course ballistic missile discrimination techniques which rely on the interaction of the clutter with an artificially produced plume. At altitudes of 140 miles the interaction will be free molecular. At lower altitudes the interaction will be dominated by continuum physics. Precise understanding of this interaction will allow for the midcourse discrimination algorithm to improve target detection and discrimination. Using shock tunnel measurements and high altitude chamber measurements, the impact of the active discrimination media will be measured on a simplistic advanced countermeasure model. The phase I proposal provides a proof-of-concept demonstration. In phase II, Stratonics will implement the measurement techniques to quantify the interaction envelope for the active discrimination technique. |
| EXOTHERM CORP.
1035 Line Street Camden, NJ 08103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(856) 541-1949
Dr. Emil Shtessel MDA 04-017 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Consolidated High Density and High Energy Density Nanocomposites Produced by Arrested Reactive Milling |
| Abstract: | Highly reactive nanocomposite powders will be consolidated into solid shapes suitable for use as structural components of munitions. Nanostructured, reactive composites of intermetallic or thermite compositions have been prepared recently by Arrested Reactive Milling (ARM). Specific materials prepared previously include compositions in the systems Al-Fe2O3, Al-MoO3, and B-Ti. The prepared nanocomposites are micron-sized powders where individual particles are fully dense, nanostructured three-dimensional aggregates of materials capable of highly exothermic reactions. Due to the high degree of structural refinement within the particles, the interface area between the reactive components is very large; therefore, the reaction rates between the components are high. The reactive nanocomposites are suitable for established powder consolidation techniques such as pressing or rolling. Consolidated shapes of these materials are expected to be advantageous as structural members of penetrators, shells, and other munitions where they effectively increase the payload and enhance lethality while providing structural support. Research is proposed to determine the degree to which reactivity, density, and mechanical properties of consolidated shapes can be tuned to suit specific requirements. The ARM process is versatile and allows for use of many reactive combinations as well as for adjustment of reactivity and density. |
| GENERAL SCIENCES, INC.
205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 723-8588
Dr. Peter D. Zavitsanos MDA 04-017 Awarded: 11MAY04 |
| Title: | Reactive Materials as Lethality Enhancers |
| Abstract: | There is a need to enhance the lethality of US interceptors against ballistic and cruise missiles especially those carrying chem/bio payload. The lethal radius of systems such as THAAD and others can be increased by the insertion of highly energetic composites as reactive materials of various densities. The proposed program describes several formulation approaches for property improvement and scale-up of compositions, which have already demonstrated superior performance is small-scale experiments. Several synthesis concepts are proposed for manufacturing and property evaluation in order to establish physical and reactive properties for consideration and insertion into the selective THAAD system as lethality enhancement options. As a Phase II program scale-up and ballistic evaluation is proposed of a miniature interceptor against a simulated missile target. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Brian K. Decker MDA 04-017 Awarded: 05MAY04 |
| Title: | Reactive Materials as Lethality Enhancers |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. and ATK Thiokol, Inc. propose to develop new classes of energetic structural composites and fabrication methods for components of Theater Missile Defense missiles, interceptors, and kill vehicles. Two major classes of reactive material will be developed: (1) high strength metal matrix composites with overpressure capability, (2) polymer matrix composites with enhanced strength, energy release, and reactive overpressure. These materials will combine the following properties: (i) high specific reactive energy content in the range of 4.5-11 kJ/g; (ii) stability under normal service conditions; (iii) ignition by shock pressure waves at the expected impact velocities; (iv) rapid combustion for prompt energy release; (v) overpressure for lethality enhancement; (vi) mechanical properties adequate for incorporation in KV designs as replacement components, and as lethality-enhancing add-ons. Novel metallurgical and polymer fabrication techniques will be applied in these material developments. In Phase I, we shall fabricate one structural composite selected from each of the two above-mentioned material classes, and characterize their energetic and mechanical properties. |
| CENTER FOR REMOTE SENSING, INC.
3702 Pender Drive, Suite 170 Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 385-7717
Dr. Suman Ganguly MDA 04-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: | GPS/INI Navigation for Microsatellites |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes a plan to use novel GPS/INS integrated system in the navigation, guidance and control system of microsatellites. The novel GPS/INS integration scheme will allow inexpensive attitude and position estimation with high fidelity and robustness. During Phase I we design such system and provide plans for integration within a microsatellite. A laboratory demonstration of the prototype will be performed during Phase II. |
| MICROCOSM, INC.
401 Coral Circle El Segundo, CA 90245 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 726-4100
Dr. James R. Wertz MDA 04-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low Cost, High Precision Navigation and Attitude Determination System for Microsatellites |
| Abstract: | Microcosm and NAVSYS propose to develop and assess the performance of a precision navigation with integrated attitude determination (PNIAD) system designed specifically for microsatellites (mass < 100kg). Designing hardware for use on microsatellites requires more than simply reducing component size, weight, power, and cost. Satellite attitude properties and motion do not scale linearly with mass. Moments of inertia increase approximately as the fifth power of the radius, and the required control bandwidth decreases as the square of the radius. Thus, small spacecraft will be more agile, but also easier to tumble and will require much faster and more subtle control than traditional large satellites. With these effects in mind, Microcosm and NAVSYS will perform a systems-level design of a PNIAD system. The system will combine GPS receivers, microelectromechanical (MEMS) inertial measurement units (IMUs), and a miniature star tracker under development. Estimated performance for the integrated system will be compared to simulated results. Phase I will establish the design and system requirements for a microsatellite PNIAD system. Phase II will include prototype development and hardware tests. There will also be an option to add an Earth sensor for full redundancy, and an option to integrate Microcosm's software for autonomous orbit control. |
| MILLI SENSOR SYSTEMS & ACTUATORS
93 Border Street West Newton, MA 02465 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 965-1346
Dr. Donato (Dan) Cardarelli MDA 04-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A MEMS Gyro-Rebalanced Accelerometer for High Performance |
| Abstract: | MEMS accelerometers typically use force/torque rebalance applied by subcomponent actuators which, although well-understood, are seriously limited in performance by fundamental material stability issues. These deficiencies can be overcome by the introduction of "gyro-rebalance", which substitutes inertial force balancing (the use of gyro torque to counterbalance pendulum torque) for the actuators. The best example of a gyro-rebalance accelerometer is the ultra-high performance Pendulous Integrating Gyro Accelerometer (the "PIGA"), which is used in all U.S. strategic ballistic missile guidance systems. This proposal begins with the design of existing MEMS gyros and MEMS accelerometers under development at MSSA, and makes the necessary modifications to make a gyro-rebalance accelerometer. These instruments are being developed as components of an Integrated MEMS IMU under a Phase II SBIR contract from the Air Force. The gyro-rebalance mechanization is expected to improve both the scale factor and bias stability to achieve performance levels that are orders of magnitude better than currently available from MEMS accelerometers. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Ilya Agurok MDA 04-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optical Range and Orientation System for Microsatellite Constellation |
| Abstract: | To address MDA needs for innovative concepts in precision navigation and associated guidance and control systems for microsatellites and microsatellite constellations, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Optical Range and Orientation System (OROS), applying the principles of absolute distance interferometry to precisely measure distances to three separate retroreflectors, installed on each microsatellite in the constellation. The results of these measurements will determine the relative locations and orientations of the microsatellites. The OROS system will have a performance range up to a few kilometers and an accuracy within the submillimeter range. OROS will significantly enhance the capability of microsatellite constellations to operate in flight formation and to perform tasks such as simultaneous multiperspective observation of Earth with unprecedented accuracy. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the OROS concept by developing a working system model and installing it on a moving platform. In Phase II, POC plans to develop a full-scale OROS prototype with electronic interfaces, and to test and evaluate this system in preparation for launch. |
| VIP SENSORS
302 Calle Paisano San Clemente, CA 92673 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 366-1254
Mr. Alex Karolys MDA 04-018 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Microsatellite Precision Guidance, Navigation, and Control Concepts |
| Abstract: | Measuring systems based on multiple numbers and types of optical sensors connected by a single optic fiber are highly desirable for microsatellites applications because they exhibit significant advantages over traditional systems, such as micro-miniature size, light weight, low power consumption, passive (no electrical signals), resistant to RFI/EMI interference, high precision, high sensitivity, wide bandwidth, elimination of interconnecting electrical wires, environmental ruggedness, etc. Unfortunately, current commercially available optical sensors and systems do not meet the high performance requirements within the mass, volume and power constraints of this solicitation. VIP Sensors proposes to develop a silicon micromachined (MEMS) optical accelerometer configured as a single and / or multiple axis unit to measure very precise low levels signals. They are Fabry-Perot interferometer based sensors built with special mirrors using innovative design concepts that make possible the serial concatenation of multiple and different type optical sensors on a single optic fiber using Wave Division Multiplexing techniques. There are two optical sensors types pertinent to this solicitation, the Fabry-Perot interferometer and the Bragg Grating. The extrinsic nature of the first type allows optimization of the sensor's mechanical structure; but unfortunately they require expensive bulky time multiplexed electronics. Fiber grating types may use wave division multiplexing techniques, but their intrinsic configuration does not allow for optimization of the sensor's mechanical structure to achieve the accelerometer's required high performance. VIP Sensors' unique proposed approach exhibits the serial interconnection of multiple sensors and sensor types typical of the Bragg Grating sensors and the flexibility to form mechanical structures attributed to extrinsic Fabry-Perot sensors; i.e. it combines the best attributes of both of these traditional sensors. The overall objective of Phase I is to develop a detailed concept design of a high performance MEMS optical accelerometer that can be packaged as a single and triaxial transducer to be used for guidance and navigation as well as for engine and structural condition monitoring of microsatellites. Prototype units will be built and tested in Phase II. VIP Sensors proposes to use a Variable Capacitor (VC) type of structure since its designs are well known and are commonly used for accelerometers. Instead of measuring the capacitance (which changes in proportion to acceleration) with an electrical excitation signal, VIP Sensors proposes to measure the capacitor plates' gap with light. The capacitor plates become the parallel mirrors of the Fabry-Perot interferometer cavity. This design approach improves the high performance of the highly successful VC accelerometer while eliminating all of the bias and sensitivity stability problems introduced by the electrical system. It becomes a passive senso |
| ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORPORATIO
2235 Polvorosa Avenue, Suite 230 San Leandro, CA 94577 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 483-4156
Dr. Jochen Schein MDA 04-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Pulsed FEEP Thruster With Adjustable ISP For Precision Propulsion |
| Abstract: | AASC proposes to develop a pulsed field emisson electric propulsion system with adjustable specific impulse for microsatellites. A multiemitter liquid metal ion source array is paired with an innovative pulsing network that allows ion emission to be switched using pulses of a few hundred volts. A new automated system is proposed to ensure high effciency over a wide range of ISP. The phase I will develop and test a prototype system to prove the concept. The phase II effort will scale this system up using MEMS technology. |
| BUSEK CO., INC.
11 Tech Circle Natick, MA 01760 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 655-5565
Dr. Vlad Hruby MDA 04-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Simple Colloid Thruster for Generating Precise Impulse Thrust |
| Abstract: | For this Phase I SBIR, we propose to design, fabricate, and test a colloid thruster integrated with an on/off microvalve. The design leverages Busek's accumulated expertise in colloid thruster development, gained through NASA's ST7 project, toward developing a general-purpose, flexible, and miniaturized micropropulsion system. Busek has already demonstrated a flight-viable colloid thruster architecture with Isp of ~500s, efficiencies of up to 70% (depending upon operating mode), thrust ratio greater than 20:1, minimum thrust of 0.15 microNewtons, 0.001 microNewton controllable thrust resolution, and lifetime of 2500 hours with no deterioration in performance. We shall develop the prototype design with an eye toward modularity and scalability, with the objective of providing a single thruster system with large dynamic thrust range, up to milliNewtons, while maintaining micro- and nano- Newton thrust resolution. Our Phase I effort shall focus primarily upon a simplified system of a single colloid thruster and valve, focusing upon integration of valve and thruster into a single package. Performance testing on a thrust stand shall be performed to verify the design as well as demonstrate and measure operation in an `impulse bit' mode. |
| PHOTONIC ASSOC.
200A Ojo de la Vaca Road Santa Fe, NM 87508 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 466-3877
Dr. Claude Phipps MDA 04-019 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Precision Propulsion Concepts for Microsatellites |
| Abstract: | We will develop a detailed conceptual design study of precision propulsion techniques, and quantify the expected performance characteristics with analysis, modeling and hardware. We will determine spacecraft performance criteria for spacecraft operating in clusters, propulsion system requirements, and analyze spacecraft vector velocity and placement precison vs. thruster parameters. A key feature of our analysis will be assessing the suitability of PA's micro-laser-plasma thrusters (uLPT's) to precision propulsion of spacecraft. These include the model "A" uLPT, a millisecond-pulse diode laser driven device, and the newer model "B", which is a nanosecond-pulse fiber laser driven thruster. The model "B" is an exciting development which we believe will prove a perfect match to the precision propulsion problem. Both models feature minimum impulse bits of order 400 piconewton-seconds. Model "A" has demonstrated operation over a continuous range from 400 piconewtons (1 impulse bit/s) to 960 micronewtons maximum thrust. The model "B" will require thrust and single pulse operation testing in the laboratory. As part of this effort, we will adapt existing theory to include the effects of multiple laser shots on one irradiation site. |
| APPLIED THERMAL SCIENCES
PO Box C, 1861 Main St. Sanford, ME 04073 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(207) 459-7777
Mr. Karl V. Hoose MDA 04-020 Awarded: 01MAY04 |
| Title: | Innovative Techniques for Missile Defense - Proportional Hot Gas Actuator for DACS |
| Abstract: | A key system in the development of effective KEI vehicles is the divert and attitude control system (DACS). The DACS are responsible for maneuvering the interceptor vehicle to its target. A vital component to the DACS is the thruster, which provides effective control of vehicle divert. Solid propellant DACS thrusters employ a adjustable pintle for controlling the thrust level. Movement of the pintle for smooth operation is currently accomplished with hydraulic or electro-mechanical (EM) actuators that require a significant portion of the total vehicle power. As the DAC thrust and duration requirements increase, the power requirements increase dramatically, where EM actuation results in significantly increased weight and packaging challenges. The focus of this effort is to minimize the electrical power requirements and size of the DACS. The proposed innovative technique utilizes hot gases from the gas generator to drive the pintle actuation in a proportional mode. Accomplishing this task will drastically reduce the electrical power requirements for DACS on-board interceptor vehicles. Hence, the weight, size, and cost of the interceptor vehicles are significantly reduce, and provide a more reliable and effective ballistic missile defense system. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4800
Dr. Peter A. Liever MDA 04-020 Awarded: 04MAY04 |
| Title: | Multidisciplinary Virtual Simulation Environment for Missile Interception |
| Abstract: | The overall objective of this effort is to develop a multidisciplinary virtual environment for modeling and simulation of the processes undertaken in typical missile interception program. In the proposed technology, computational modules for external missile aerodynamics, six-degrees-of-freedom, guidance and control, finite-element structure dynamics, and fluid-structure interaction will be coupled together as a single virtual simulation environment. The proposed environment will be capable of simulating the missile interception processes including the effects of thrust generation, missile aerodynamics, missile staging, fin/canard deployment, sub-munitions dispensing and interfacing with guidance and control systems. The proposed development will leverage existing technologies for fluid/structure and 6DOF modeling. The Phase I effort will focus on the development of integration modules for coupling control modules to the simulation environment. Phase I effort will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technology for missile interception simulation by conducting a closed-loop control missile pitch maneuver simulation, and will define the complete requirements for developing the simulation environment In Phase II, The interface modules will be developed and the simulation environment will be demonstrated and validated. A finite-element structure dynamics module will be integrated with the environment with capabilities for MATLAB/Simulink control to enable simulation of typical and complete missile interception programs. |
| COMPUTATIONAL SENSORS CORP.
201 N. Calle Cesar Chavez, Suite 203 Santa Barbara, CA 93103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 962-1175
Dr. Mark Jones MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Alternate Architecture For Focal Plane Resistive Grid Processing and Readout |
| Abstract: | Low power real-time processing of large area image sensor data is not computationally feasible using existing digital technology. This computational bottleneck is circumvented by using neuromorphic arrays in low-power analog vision processing systems.Computational Sensors Corporation (CSC) proposes to develop core enabling technologies that comprise a new massively parallel 3-D structure of highly integrated, multi-layered, programmable analog VLSI image processing architecture to meet navigation and guidance requirements in mobile platform applications, enabling the first new architectural approach to the readout of staring focal plane sensors since their invention in the early 1970's - continuous parallel processing without synchronous multiplexer operations.We propose to develop modular, wide dynamic range analog filter array layers for incorporation into multi-layered architectures using state-of-the-art micro-via vertical interconnect technology to seamlessly link unit cells of adjacent layers. This concept extends our previous work using Thin Film Analog Image Processors (TAIP) and CMOS analog image processors for spatio-temporal motion detection. The new architecture will provide continuous, non-multiplexed, computational capabilities that allow direct (no storage well) sampling of IR sensor irradiance. Full utilization of the sensor spectral dynamic range, improved signal to noise performance, and alias free operation will be possible as in biological systems. |
| CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP.
727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 668-2567
Dr. Charles J. Cohen, Ph.D. MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Physics Based Missile Trajectory Discrimination Algorithms |
| Abstract: | We believe we have an innovative method for discriminating between real incoming missiles and decoys in a cluttered environment. We have developed a method for taking continuous position information and, using a physical model based on Newton's Laws of Motion and advanced mathematics developed in the field of modern control theory, we have developed algorithms and systems for discriminating between different types of physical motions and activities. The system developed was used for recognizing various human hand and body motions - specifically, gesture recognition. Our goal for the Phase I is to demonstrate that the same physics-based algorithms used for discriminating human gestures and behaviors can also be used to track and identify incoming ballistic missiles. While the motions are quite different, the mathematics behind gesture recognition, as shown in Section d, can work in both areas. Therefore, instead of using this gesture recognition for human-computer interaction, we will leverage our work in this area to create a Target Interception using Gesture Recognition (TIGER) system that will identify, track, and predict the course of incoming missiles and associated decoys. The TIGER system will also discriminate between incoming missiles and decoys, in a manner similar to discriminating between similar human-generated gestures. |
| DAVIDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
530 Discovery Drive Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 922-0720
Dr. William Davis MDA 04-020 Awarded: 03MAY04 |
| Title: | Innovative Techniques for Missile Defense |
| Abstract: | Davidson Technolotgies Inc. has proposed a task for concept development of a probe based Optical Adjunct Sensor for Ballistic Missile Defense. Phase I goals are to define the operational context for such a sensor, including trajcetory shape and orientation relative to threat ballistic missiles, viewing range and time, examining deployment time to support GMDS engagements and define it's potential contribution to discrimination capability. This concept is derived from the GSTS program of the late 80s and will provide an updated look based on newer and emerging sensor technologies and the current mission of GMDS against smaller numbers of threat ballistic missiles. |
| DECIBEL RESEARCH, INC.
PO Box 5368 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 716-0787
Dr. Enrico C. Poggio MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | LADAR Discrimination Using Holographic Techniques |
| Abstract: | This effort proposes a unique LADAR system concept, based on holographic methods that can potentially enhance Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) discrimination performance The concept extends conventional holographic methods by exploiting modern beam forming and digital signal processing techniques, as well as advances in laser and photo detector technologies that may permit successful ballistic missile defense applications, particularly in the area of lethal target discrimination. Holographic images have the potential of providing added target features for discrimination that may not be obtainable from other types of LADAR images. In addition, since holographic imaging is a lens less process it may not require stringent a priori knowledge of target kinematic and dynamic properties, as is the case with, for example, focused range-Doppler imaging. The system envisioned would consist of a pulsed laser transmitter to illuminate the target, and a local reference laser in conjunction with a photo detector array to record both the amplitude and the phase of the target backscatter. Modern beam forming techniques, developed for RF applications, but extendable to this process, will be used to generate the images, while fine resolution digital signal processing methods, like the two dimensional Prony method, would be used to estimate useful target size, shape, configuration and motion parameters. These digital signal processing methods are also implemented to mitigate unreasonably large photo detector arrays that might be required when using conventional imaging generation algorithms for ballistic missile defense applications. This imaging system has the potential to provide useful target information in a few of the BMDS deployment phases The algorithm derived algorithms can be integrated into the current multisensor fusion Decision Architecture and or Discrimination Algorithm Suites developed by Project Hercules. |
| INFINERA CORP.
1322 Bordeaux Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 572-5433
Dr. Radha Nagarajan MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Photonic Integrated Circuit Based Multi-Channel WDM Transceiver for Satellite Communications |
| Abstract: | In this project Infinera will research and develop a lightweight, low power dissipation, high output power, miniature multi-channel WDM optical transceiver module based on revolutionary new Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs), integrated with high-performance microwave components. The high integration level of monolithic PICs, coupled with high-performance mixed-signal broadband microwave ICs and advanced packaging technologies, provide an order of magnitude reduction in weight, power consumption, size and cost compared to alternate approaches. The transceiver is optimized for satellite communications systems, meeting optical performance as well as environmental and reliability requirements for space based modules. Applications include satellite crosslinks and downlinks where erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) booster and preamplifiers provide the additional link budget, and multi-channel intra-satellite communications without the need for external optical amplification. The fully integrated transceiver provides multiple independent WDM channels, supporting a very broad range of data rates independently on each channel, increasing the available capacity on next generation satellite optical communication links. |
| MAGNOLIA OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
52-B Cummings Park, Suite 314 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 503-1200
Mr. E. James Egerton MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Single Photon Detection 4096x4096 Scalable UV Focal Plane Array with High Quantum Efficiency for Boost Phase Missile Defense Applications |
| Abstract: | In order to detect missile launches in the Boost phase, large format UV focal planes capable of detecting 200-350 nm have great promise. In this proposal, Magnolia Optical Technologies describes UV focal planes containing many millions of pixels capable of high performance required to detect boost phase launches. Magnolia proposes the design and development of a 4096x4096 UV focal plane. Using silicon based micro-channel plate technology, with pores sizes of two micron diameter with three micron pitch will be fabricated using photolithographic/ ICP etching technology. Magnolia proposes to achieve quantum efficiencies of greater then 40% at 250 nm, a wide band-gap semiconductor, GaN will be deposited, using MOCVD process, on the pores to serve as high performance photocathode. This assembly is mounted on a multi-layer ceramic board (MCB) and read-out integrated circuits are placed on the opposite side of the MCB . Using these fabrication technologies will result in cost effective innovative large format UV focal planes for boost phase detection systems. |
| NLIGHT PHOTONICS
5408 NE 88th Street, Bldg E Vancouver, WA 98665 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(360) 566-4472
Mr. Mark DeFranza MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ultra-High Reliability Laser Diode Packages |
| Abstract: | Advanced missile defense systems require low repetition rate high pulse energy diode pumped solid state lasers with relatively high pulse energies. Historically, the quasi-continuous wave (QCW) diode laser pumps have not yielded the optical performance or, more notably, the reliability required by the application. We propose to alleviate this issue with a breakthrough packaging approach that will enable multi-bar packages to be produced that are 10 to 100 times more reliable than today's state of the art 10,000 hour packages. By minimizing the junction temperature, dramatically reducing mounting stresses in the bar, and eliminating solder related reliability issues, this approach will yield optical performance improvements in addition to enhanced reliability. |
| PC PHOTONICS
64 Windward Way Waterford, CT 06385 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 443-4356
Dr. Peter Cheo MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative High-Energy Lasers for Missile Defense |
| Abstract: | This small business innovation research is aimed to generate tens of mJ pulse energy in a pulse width of < 10 n-sec from an air-cooled multicore fiber laser array. This laser can be packaged into a compact and light-weight enclosure that requires a minimum thermal management. PC Photonics has demonstrated coherent power-combining of a 7-core and also a 19-core Yb-doped fiber laser array embedded in a common cladding. The Company has also obtained Q-switched pulses from the 7-core fiber laser with an output pulse energy of ~ 1 mJ with < 20 n-sec pulse width. A kinetic model has been established to verify our experimental results and to predict the performance of Q-switched multicore fiber lasers. This proposal presents a detailed description of a 37-core Yb-doped fiber laser, which is capable of generating > 12 mJ pulse energy in a width of < 10 n-sec at Q-switching rates ranging from 0.4 to 10 kHz. Because fiber laser has very high optical conversion efficiency and does not require cooling, it is suitable for space-borne system applications. Under Phase I a conceptual design analysis for a high-energy pulsed fiber laser utilizing multicore fiber laser technology will be performed with the emphasis on the fiber architecture and fast Q-switching techniques to achieve highest pulse energy in very short duration. Another key issue to be addressed in Phase I is the power damage at the active region due to very high peak intensity (~ 4 GW/cm2). To alleviate this problem, the silica fiber material quality must be greatly improved, because 4 GW/cm2 is far below the intrinsic material damage threshold of pure silica. |
| PHOTODIGM, INC.
1155 E. Collins Blvd. #200 Richardson, TX 75081 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(972) 235-7584
Dr. Sarvotham Bhandarkar MDA 04-020 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Low-Cost Multi-Wavelength, Laser Transmitter Package for WDM Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of a multi-wavelength laser transmitter package for WDM applications that enables multiplexing of wavelengths without the use of filters, waveguides, couplers and fiber splicing. The multi-wavelength laser transmitter combines 4 or more wavelengths in the infrared spectrum (~1310 nm) in a small form-factor uncooled package. The transmitter is capable of supporting 10-Gigabit transmission over 300 m distances using multi-mode fiber making it suitable for use in high-speed defense communication systems as well as commercial CWDM fiber optic communication systems. Passive alignment and high volume semiconductor assembly technology can be used to manufacture the package. This results in a more robust, reliable, low-cost and manufacturable transmitter. The transmitter package is enabled by the unique characteristics of Photodigm's long-wavelength surface emitting GSE laser. |
| PHOTONIC SYSTEMS, INC.
900 Middlesex Turnpike, Building #5 Billerica, MA 01821 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 670-4990
Dr. Rod Waterhouse MDA 04-020 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Innovative Antenna Front End with High T/R Isolation over a Wide RF Band |
| Abstract: | Advanced MDA phased array antennas will require fractional bandwidths of at least 10:1, e.g. 2 - 20 GHz. The relatively low return loss of broad bandwidth antenna elements, typically < 15 dB, means that ~1/10 of transmit signal leaks into the receive path; for a 100 W transmit signal, this means ~10 W in the receive path! To avoid damage to the receive path requires protection devices that introduce loss, which in turn increases the noise figure, thereby reducing the radar's range and detection ability. A wide bandwidth, low return loss antenna element has remained a classic, outstanding problem in antenna design. PSI proposes to solve this problem through an innovative design concept that takes a fundamentally new approach. This approach is particularly well suited to interfacing with antenna elements using fiber optic antenna remoting. The result will be a broad bandwidth antenna element, suitable for use in a phased array, that has a return loss of at least 30 dB. As a calibration on the magnitude of this break through, recall that heretofore this level of antenna return loss has only been available in single element, narrow bandwidth (resonant) antennas, which typically have ~10% bandwidth |
| PHOTONIC SYSTEMS, INC.
900 Middlesex Turnpike, Building #5 Billerica, MA 01821 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 670-4990
Dr. Charles H. Cox MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Novel Photonic T/R Module |
| Abstract: | Future MDA missions will require greater bandwidth and flexibility from their phased array antennas. One of the bottlenecks in present antenna systems is the transmit-receive (T/R) module. The limited bandwidth (<2:1) and T/R isolation (<20 dB) of present RF circulators severely restrict radar system design. RF switches provide better performance (~10:1 bandwidth, ~40 dB T/R isolation) but do not permit transmitting and receiving on separate bands simultaneously. Photonic Systems proposes an innovative, photonics-based T/R module that has the potential to provide a previously un-attainable combination of features, prime among them: 20:1 bandwidth (e.g. 2 to 40 GHz), 80 dB effective T/R isolation and simultaneous T/R (on different bands). Laboratory measurements of the PSI T/R module built with COTS components have confirmed its basic operating principals. However, connection to an antenna and antenna range measurements are required to confirm other aspects of its performance, especially its ability to transmit and receive on different bands simultaneously. The results of the Phase I analysis and measurements will provide the basis for planning the further development of PSI's novel antenna interface. |
| RESEARCHSOUTH, INC.
555 Sparkman Dr., Suite 1612 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 721-1769
Dr. Lawrence W. Spradley MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Kinetic Boltzmann Turbulence Method For Improved Predictions of High Energy Beam Quality |
| Abstract: | ResearchSouth will develop a software product for predicting the effects of turbulent boundary layers and separated regions for analysis and design of defensive missile systems. The basis of the predictive tool is a breakthrough methodology for turbulent compressible aerodynamic flow computation using a kinetic model with the Boltzmann equation. This is an entirely new and different approach from typical Navier-Stokes methods with turbulence modeling which have difficulty producing accurate results. In our Phase I effort, we will formulate turbulence as a collision model in the Boltzmann equation using turbulent eddies as the distribution function. The collision source term will be evaluated by relaxation from an equilibrium state using a computed turbulent length scale. The solution of this model will be the number density distribution of the turbulent eddies. By taking moments of the Boltzmann solutions - the macroscopic flow field quantities, velocity, density, pressure, temperature, and the turbulent viscosity, and length scales are obtained. We will use existing ResearchSouth software for geometry definition, spatial meshing and equation solution. We will then link the turbulent flow results to relevant BMD design issues, such as nozzle flow, external aerodynamic coefficients, and aero-optics effects relevant to airborne lasers and endo-atmospheric interceptors. |
| RYAN ASSOC., INC.
3 Heritage Way, Suite 5 Gloucester, MA 01930 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 283-3144
Mr. Richard Ryan MDA 04-020 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Innovative Techniques for Missile Defense: HALO II Plus Midcourse Track Simulator |
| Abstract: | A significant problem in the development of future missile defense architectures is the lack of a comprehensive multi-sensor tracking tool that enables rapid assessment of sensor combinations in the prediction of endgame intercept conditions. The SIMTAS Multi-Sensor Midcourse Model (MSMM) has the promise of overcoming this difficulty and enabling rapid, cost effective analysis of various missile defense sensor architecture combinations. The development of MSMM will allow for the inclusion of aircraft platforms with overhead sensors and ground-based radars that can effectively simulate multi-sensor missile architecture midcourse track performance. |
| SCIENTIFIC MATERIALS CORP.
310 Icepond Road Bozeman, MT 59715 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 585-3772
Mr. Zachary Cole MDA 04-020 Awarded: 04MAY04 |
| Title: | Active frequency stabilized laser systems for high performance defense applications |
| Abstract: | This proposed Phase I project is aimed at developing a turn-key highly-coherent laser system for commercial and high-performance military applications. The core technology of the proposed system is based on regenerative spectral hole burning (RSHB) materials. RSHB materials currently provide the narrowest optical resonance recorded in a solid state material. The ultra-narrow resonant structure of RSHB materials is immune to external vibrations, making this technology ideal for systems operating in high vibration environments typical of aircraft and naval vessels. In these high-vibration environments, traditional optical frequency references are susceptible to failure. This proposed effort will concentrate on device development in three areas that are crucial to bring this technology to a commercial state including: 1) RSHB frequency discriminator model verification for operational tuning of the device parameters for improved performance; 2) simulation and analysis of a digital servo control design; and 3) system component analysis leading to down selection for the commercial product. Successful completion of these efforts will enable a system prototype to be built and tested in phase II of this project that will achieve kHz linewidths in a robust and highly deployable package. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. Adel El-Fallah MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Narrowband Passive Bistatic RF for Ballistic Missiles Defense |
| Abstract: | Rapid, continuous, and comprehensive forward-based sensing of ballistic missiles is an increasingly important challenge. Wideband Passive Coherent Localization (wideband PCL), using single receivers and multiple sources of opportunity, has been proposed as a possible solution to this problem. Scientific Systems Company, Inc. (SSCI) of Woburn MA and its subcontractor Lockheed Martin Tactical Systems of Eagan MN, propose a different and potentially superior PCL approach based on multiple, small, and relatively inexpensive receiver and signal processing systems that exploit NARROWBAND PCL sources of opportunity. Compared to wideband PCL, narrowband PCL offers roughly three times the detection range and greatly enhanced clutter rejection using relatively small and inexpensive receiver-antenna packages. As a result, narrowband PCL processing offers covert, inexpensive, continuous, wide-area, all-weather, high-accuracy forward-based detection and tracking of missiles during boost and early midcourse phases; and, with handoff to and from other sensors, potential ability to track entire trajectories. Narrowband PCL processing introduces new technical challenges---specifically, the necessity of indirect inference of missile range and velocity---that the proposed work will address. Phase I will demonstrate the potential feasibility of a mobile narrowband tracking system by performing the following tasks: (1) develop narrowband PCL signal processing algorithms; (2) test these algorithms in simulated, reduced-complexity scenarios; (3) identify suitable COTS antenna equipment; (4) estimate the weight and volume of a system to demonstrate transportability; and (5) develop a detailed Phase II plan that include laboratory processing of raw RF data collected at a launch site, and a detailed layout of the equipment in each vehicle. The project team includes Dr. Ronald Mahler of Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin will provide both technical and commercialization support in the application of PCL technologies. |
| SSG, INC.
65 Jonspin Road Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9991
Mr. Jay Schwartz MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | SiC All Reflective Telescope Supporting Spiral Upgrades for Emerging Kill Vehicle Architectures to Counter Future Ballistic Missile Threats |
| Abstract: | Spiral improvements to seekers used in kinetic kill vehicles such as EKV and KEI include the addition of new electro-optic sensors including: LADAR, dual-wavelength focal planes, and additional spectral bands. Historically full advantage of these capability upgrades cannot be achieved because of the required extensive redesign (with the resulting large nonrecurring cost) for current telescopes since each system is designed around a specific sensor suite and optimized for that solution. SSG Precision Optronics, Inc. proposes a novel telescope architecture combining the advantages of SSGPO's low cost cast SiC optical telescope technologies and low cost, highly producible optical design forms pioneered by Raytheon Missile Systems to achieve a telescope design that can be upgraded and improved with minimal reengineering. |
| STARSYS RESEARCH
4909 Nautilus Ct. North Boulder, CO 80301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 530-1925
Mr. Bryan R. Helgesen MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Techniques for Missile Defense - Low-Shock Separation System |
| Abstract: | The Ground-Based Midcourse Defense kill vehicle launched by the Ground-Based Interceptor is sensitive to mechanical shock. The kill vehicle is subjected to mechanical shock when the shroud separates from the interceptor and when the second stage separates from the third stage. Both separation events are initiated by pyrotechnic devices. To increase the probability of the kill vehicle withstanding these shocks, various shock isolation and attenuation systems have been proposed. An alternate approach to protecting the kill vehicle is to reduce the shock generated by the separation systems. The reduction of the magnitude of these source shocks warrants further investigation. Starsys Research Corporation proposes the development of a low-shock separation system with direct applicability to all potential launch vehicle and spacecraft staging events. The proposed system would provide a common, scaleable solution for both linear structural interfaces, such as Boeing's GMD fairing shroud longitudinal seam, and typical circular interfaces, such as those required for payload and primary launch vehicle staging events. The proposed innovation is a system comprising a) a low-shock release mechanism, and b) a series of mechanical "slave" elements providing a simple load path, and which provide separation of the structural interfaces upon actuation of the release mechanism. The release mechanism is capable of being used as a discrete point device, or when mechanically tied to the slave elements, provides a mechanical system adoptable to both linear and circular applications. |
| TECHNOLOGIES & DEVICES INTERNATIO
12214 Plum Orchard Dr Silver Spring, MD 20904 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 572-7834
Dr. Vladimir Dmitriev MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel cost-effective technical approach for production of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on 6 inch Sapphire Substrates |
| Abstract: | The goal of this proposal is to demonstrate large area manufacturing technology for high performance AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for radar and RF applications. TDI proposes to develop novel epitaxial technology for HEMTs structures on large area sapphire substrates based on hydride vapor phase epitaxial (HVPE) approach. TDI recently demonstrated the first-ever nitride HEMT grown by HVPE. The HEMT structures were grown on 2" sapphire substrates and when processed at University of Florida demonstrated performance comparable with current MOCVD and MBE technology. This is significant as fabricating the HEMT structure by HVPE gives a greater than 50% cost advantage over industry-standard MOCVD and MBE technologies. TDI achieved another breakthrough recently by demonstrating 4" GaN and 6" AlN epi capability. Combining these technologies provides an innovate approach to achieve low cost manufacturing of high power/frequency nitride HEMT epiwafers. |
| TESLA LABORATORIES, INC.
3524 S Street NW Washington, DC 20007 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(414) 807-0006
Dr. George Stejic MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Battle Management/Command and Control System Performance Simulator |
| Abstract: | This proposed program seeks to develop, demonstrate, and commercialize a versatile new computer modeling approach for simulating and predicting the Battle Management, Command, Control, Computers and Communications (BMC4) operation and performance for the Ballistic Missile Defense System currently under development by the Missile Defense Agency. It will model BMC4 network performance by: 1.) modeling each BMC4 component, 2.) simulating the digital passed between the BMC4 components and 3.) emulating data flow through the BMC4 system. The program will calculate the: 1.) Data Latency, 2.) Component Loading and 3.) Economic Cost for potential engineering designs; thereby providing BMC4 architects with an urgently needed tool for better designing/modifying future BMC4 systems. Present Joint National Integration Center initiatives and programs model the missile defense battlespace and focus on developing strategies to win a missile defense fight. However, they do not actually model BMC4 architecture operation from a component perspective (EADTB models the relationships between the sensors, weapons, and BMC4 nodes, but only at a high level). Therefore, there is currently no BMC4 design tool that models the interaction of the networks, computers, and software. The goal of this proposal is to solve this deficiency. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Mr. Michael P. Grace MDA 04-020 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Techniques for Missile Defense |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop and demonstrate an innovative super-lightweight, multiple-beam, radar antenna that is ideally suited to cruise missile defense and other surveillance applications aboard high-altitude airships. The antenna provides surveillance coverage over a wide scan volume (up to 360 degrees) and continuous tracking of a limited number of targets anywhere in the scan volume. Most of the antenna structure is composed of thin membranes which are inflated within the body of the airship to create a very large, precision structure with exceptionally low mass. The design is carefully tailored to provide good beam quality and efficiency over the full scan volume while simplifying the multi-beam feed system. |
| VOXTEL, INC.
12725 SW Millikan Way, Suite 300 Beaverton, OR 97005 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(503) 906-7906
Mr. James Gates MDA 04-020 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Innovative Techniques for Missile Defense |
| Abstract: | Voxtel, Inc. proposes to optimize the design of a 1.00-æm to 1.55-æm near infrared (NIR) linear mode (LM)HgCdTe avalanche photodiode (APD) array that achieves high gain with nearly no excess noise, so as to achieve high bandwidth (e.g. > 1 GHz) single photon counting laser radar (LADAR) operation. Leveraging the low noise LM avalanche gain and our low noise CMOS LADAR receiver circuitry, we will achieve photon counting without Geiger Mode (GM) operation. The benefits of the innovation are significant. As the afterpulsing and quenching time associated with GM APD operation limits bandwidth and requires excessive pixel circuitry, the innovation offers the potential for dramatically higher bandwidth, compact, single photon sensitive LADAR systems with potentially higher reliability and with no breakdown-induced cross talk. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
6 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3378
Mr. David Fay MDA 04-021 Awarded: 05MAY04 |
| Title: | Dual-Band Infrared Image Fusion & Target Detection |
| Abstract: | A boost-phase intercept (BPI) system aims to destroy attacking intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) while the booster rockets are still burning and before they have deployed mid-course decoys or released their munitions. Detection and tracking of the incoming missile under changing atmospheric conditions is a significant challenge for the BPI system. Including a dual-band mid-wave infrared (MWIR) / long-wave infrared (LWIR) imager on the interceptor or airborne laser (ABL) platform will enable the BPI system to take advantage of the strong MWIR and LWIR signatures of the rocket plume and the missile body, respectively. In Phase I, we propose to demonstrate the feasibility of neural methods for image conditioning, image fusion, and target learning to detect missile bodies and plumes in dual-band MWIR/LWIR imagery of ICBM launches. To accomplish this we will modify our existing methods for dynamic range compression, image fusion, and target learning & detection to process multi-band infrared imagery. We will also explore techniques for adapting the learned representation of the target to changing atmospheric conditions as the target missile continues through the boost-phase of its launch. In addition, we propose to discover which spectral features are important for learning the signatures of the plume and missile body. |
| INTEGRATED SENSORS, INC.
502 Court St., Suite 210 Utica, NY 13502 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 798-1377
Dr. Charles Ferrara MDA 04-021 Awarded: 03MAY04 |
| Title: | Processing techniques for Multiple Wavelength Infrared Sensors |
| Abstract: | This proposal extends the maximum likelihood concept as applied to the adaptive detection of unresolved, sub-pixel targets with unknown spectral signatures. This technique was developed by current ISI personnel. The clutter is modeled stochastically with a spatial - spectral covariance matrix. The target model is partially stochastic and partially deterministic. Within any given spectral band the spatial target signature is deterministic. For the sub-pixel target application, a system point spread function (PSF) is used. The PSF is allowed to vary spectrally, due to the dependency of a sensor's diffractive PSF on the spectral wavelength. The spectral target signature is completely stochastic and must be determined at each pixel using maximum likelihood estimation techniques. Based on these assumptions, an optimal maximum likelihood processor is derived. ISI proposes to expand upon encouraging performance results on real IR data. Detection probabilities are shown in many cases to improve significantly when compared to spatial-only detection processes. |
| PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP.
IT Division, 20600 Gramercy Place Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 320-3088
Dr. Vahid Riasati MDA 04-021 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Advanced Data Synthesis by the Projection-Slice Theorem |
| Abstract: | To meet the MDA requirements, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Advanced Data Synthesis by the Projection-Slice Theorem (ADS-PST) software/hardware technology capable of spatial and temporal data registration, real-time data processing and communication, and on-line sensor calibration for real-time target acquisition, tracking, and discrimination. ADS-PST will consist of three major components: a data de-synthesis algorithm, data analysis and evaluation support hardware, and a real-time data re-synthesis system with monitoring software. The ADS-PST receives sensor data from various levels and wavelengths of the FPA, and then analyzes and preprocesses/de-synthesizes, processes, and combines them for re-synthesis and transmission. Fused data can also be used for other purposes such as tracking and discriminating a threat object. In Phase I, POC will develop advanced data synthesis algorithms and simulate them to show feasibility of the concepts described. The new algorithms will be verified by applying them to simulated data. In Phase II, the advanced data synthesis system will be implemented on special purpose hardware and integrated with existing systems to show proof of concept in implementation. |
| COMPUTATIONAL SENSORS CORP.
201 N. Calle Cesar Chavez, Suite 203 Santa Barbara, CA 93103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 962-1175
Mr. Jeff Scott MDA 04-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Analog Image Processing for Improved Hypertemporal ELDT SNR |
| Abstract: | During Phase I Computational Sensors Corp. (CSC) will develop spatial and temporal domain filtering approaches for improving the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) in high frame rate image data enabling all-weather hypertemporal ELDT techniques to robustly identify a missile launch in solar background scatter. The processing will be designed to discriminate between solar background scatter and missile plume signatures for high-altitude airborne and space based sensing platforms. The processing approaches to be explored will reflect a physical implementation where detector data is processed in the analog domain relying on pixel-to-pixel micro-via connectivity being developed through the DARPA VISA program. Performing signal processing prior to digitization improves the signal dynamic range and SNR through background subtraction. Boost-phase intercepts have an extremely compressed time line requiring fire control commit to be determined within the first minute following launch for an endo-atmospheric or low exo-atmospheric intercept. Current surveillance systems provide launch detection after the threat has breached the cloud layer. Hypertemporal approaches which exploit the high-frequency signature of missile plumes scattered through cloud layers has the potential to provide all weather early launch detection, and possibly, detection at ignition capability. Under a Phase II program, simulation and design would progress with production of a demonstration chip. |
| DYMAS RESEARCH, INC.
2910 Fox Run Dr. Plainsboro, NJ 08536 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 865-1103
Dr. Wei Hu MDA 04-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: | An innovative Target Discrimination Technique |
| Abstract: | The field of hyperspectral imaging has undergone tremendous development in the past decade. Research and development of the hyperspectral imaging in military applications has primarily focused on air-to-ground and space-to-ground reconnaissance of stationary military targets and terrestrial backgrounds. In this SBIR program, researchers of Dymas Research propose an innovative hyperspectral imaging system using our advanced high-speed electronic tunable filter system. This system has many critical advantages in term of cost, speed, power, and platform stability. We are confident that this unique hyperspectral imaging systems will provide a promising solution to low-cost, high performance target detection and discrimination for military and civilian applications. |
| SCITEC, INC.
100 Wall Street Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 921-3892
Mr. James Lisowski MDA 04-022 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Early Launch Detection, Booster Typing, and Kill Assessment Sensor Concepts |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a novel aircraft-based sensor system for early launch detection, typing, tracking and kill assessment. In addition to providing enhanced capabilities with respect to current aircraft-based sensors for long range detection over wide areas in clear sky and cloud obscured scenarios, our proposed sensor will provide single sensor altitude estimations and capabilities for Kill Assessment. This effort will focus on development of a wide field of view, staring acquisition sensor system with MWIR and SWIR bands. Compared to scanning systems, the staring system provides capabilities for faster detection, enhanced detection of missiles under clouds, as well as enhanced booster typing via collection of signatures from launch spike through upper boost phase. The sensor will employ a MWIR CO2 Red spike band (4.58 - 4.72 mm) with demonstrated capabilities for long range, see to the ground detection (in a cloud free line of sight) as well as for booster typing. The sensor will also employ a SWIR band to enhance detection of missiles underneath clouds. The use of a staring focal plane has demonstrated advantages of detection of missiles under clouds via the spatial and temporal characteristics of the plume signatures relative to those of reflected solar radiance from clouds. In addition, the SWIR band, when used in conjunction with the MWIR band, will provide capabilities for single sensor altitude determination, to enhance 3 dimensional geolocation capabilities, using a novel technique demonstrated by SciTec on a variety of missile types. Additional sensor options will be considered during Phase I, including the use of polarization filters and/or Visible bands to enhance detection of missiles under clouds, the implementation of hypertemporal capabilities (i.e. frame rates > 500 Hz) on the Visible and/or SWIR system, and a novel concept for the implementation of spectrometer capabilities on the SWIR system |
| 21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC.
12152 Windsor Hall Way Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(720) 981-8731
Mr. Stuart Aldridge MDA 04-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: | HCAN Sensor Manager |
| Abstract: | The goal of a sensor manager is to cue the right sensor to perform the right service on the right target at the right time. This task essentially implies JDL Level 4 strategies and algorithms for control and action. In response to SBIR MDA04-023, 21st Century Systems, Inc. is pleased to propose researching and developing state-of-the-art "system-of-systems" management for sensor platforms with multiple capabilities/constraints for GMD operations. We refer to our concept as the HCAN Sensor Manager. The HCAN Sensor Manager concept utilizes a sophisticated intelligent agent reasoning structure called a hierarchical collective agent network (HCAN). This leading edge structure incorporates a "community of agents" and was developed by 21CSI. The HCAN core will optimize management of the system in question and relative to other systems on the platform that would be affected. HCAN considers optimization at the sensor system level, as well as, the higher "systems" level of the total platform capability and its mission. All of this will accelerate GMD sensor operations and this "system-of-systems" management eventually will be extended to shooters, as well. This SBIR will culminate in an agent-based sensor management system, a unique product. |
| ALPHATECH, INC.
6 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-3388
Dr. Michael K. Schneider MDA 04-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optimized Management of Networked Sensors in the Presence of Communication, Collection, and Processing Latencies |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop algorithms to manage multiple networked sensors embedded in a system with significant latencies. Sources of latency can include limited bandwidth in communication channels; limited capabilities for processing collected data, especially imagery; and data collection times. Latencies must be accounted for by the sensor manager so that it can appropriately hedge. By using sensors with shorter latencies to cue sensors with longer latencies, the sensor resources required per target can be reduced. To model sensor latencies and other characteristics, we propose to use Bayesian networks. This modeling framework is already being used by the Missile Defense Agency on other programs and provides a principled means for modeling systems. Until recently, performing calculations with such a network model has been impeded by the lack of computationally efficient algorithms, especially in the case of continuous states. Lately, a number of exact and approximate algorithms have been developed for efficiently performing calculations with such a model. We propose to incorporate them into our sensor management algorithms. Specifically, we propose to work within the framework of approximate dynamic programming to develop a sensor manager that uses advanced Bayesian net inferencing algorithms to evaluate expected rewards resulting from a sensor policy. |
| CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC.
625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 491-3474
Mr. Paul G. Gonsalves MDA 04-023 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Sensor Network Optimization using Multi-Agent Negotiation (SNOMAN) |
| Abstract: | Missile defense takes place in an unpredictable, real-time environment and thus requires an adaptive approach to optimization that dynamically allocates sensors and their supporting resources in response to changing goals and constraints. Here, we propose a system for Sensor Network Optimization using Multi-Agent Negotiation (SNOMAN) to meet the challenge of this real-time resource allocation problem. This approach applies solutions from economic theory, particularly game theory, to the resource allocation problem by creating an artificial market for sensor information and computational resources. Intelligent agents are the buyers and sellers in this market, and they represent all the elements of the sensor network, from sensors to sensor platforms to computational resources. These agents interact based on a negotiation mechanism that determines their bidding strategies. The negotiation mechanism and bidding strategies are based on game theory, and they are designed so that the aggregate result of the multi-agent negotiation process is a market in competitive equilibrium, which guarantees an optimal allocation of resources throughout the sensor network. Negotiation works continuously, providing dynamic adaptation to changes in the mission environment. Negotiation also minimizes communication resource requirements, ensuring that the system scales well to more complex sensor networks. |
| BOULDER NONLINEAR SYSTEMS, INC.
450 Courtney Way, Unit 107 Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-0077
Mr. Steve Serati MDA 04-024 Awarded: 10MAY04 |
| Title: | A Liquid Crystal on Silicon Spatial Light Modulator for Infrared Scene Projection |
| Abstract: | Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) technology combines the light modulating capability of liquid crystal with compact VLSI backplanes to create reflective micro displays. This proposal addresses the limitations of current LCoS technology in meeting the needs of an IR scene projector, and proposes an approach for the development of a multi-purpose VLSI backplane that is suitable for use in the visible, NIR, MWIR and LWIR. When combined with IR appropriate materials, the result is an cost-effective, high-resolution display device |
| NOVA RESEARCH, INC.
320 Alisal Road, Suite 104 Solvang, CA 93463 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 693-9600
Mr. Mark A. Massie MDA 04-024 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Performance High-Output Resistive Emitter Design and Circuit Implementations |
| Abstract: | Resistive heating technology is the most mature of the myriad IR scene projection technologies available today; it has the longest developmental history, the largest number of units in the field, and the best performance figures of merit in terms of speed, dynamic range, temperature resolution flicker-less emission, broadband output, greater than 512 x 512 spatial resolution and high frame rates. These factors make it the most appropriate and realistic foundation on which to base the development of the next generation of high dynamic range IR scene projectors. Attaining the temperatures required for future MDA weapons systems such as targets with hot engine exhausts, rocket plumes and infrared countermeasures requires development on numerous fronts: materials, power distribution, thermal management, and system design. This proposal will address the use and interface of high-temperature emitter materials and innovative CMOS high power circuit design methods that will reduce or eliminate "buss bar robbing" effects. These advances will make possible the evolution of emitting arrays of up to 1024 x 1024 elements with the capability for individual emitting sites to reach 2000K effective MWIR temperatures (3000K actual surface temperatures). |
| LS TECHNOLOGIES
44160 Old Warm Springs Blvd. Fremont, CA 94538 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 585-5384
Dr. J. Q. Liu MDA 04-025 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Visible/UV Image Projector for Sensor Testing |
| Abstract: | LS Technologies proposes to develop a high performance broadband image projector for .hardware-in-the-loop" scene generator using a specially designed and fabricated MEMS micro-mirror array, which has many intrinsic advantages over other potential image projector technologies. Using an innovative design and display concept, the proposed image projector based on a special micromirror array will have an very high frame speed of up to 1,000 Hz and dynamic range of 14 bits to image fast flying targets with great details. In addition, the micro-mirror based projector satisfies all other criteria including fast response time (1 ms or less), large spectral range from UV to Near IR (200 to 2000 nm), high pixel uniformity and large scene format (1280 by 1024). In the Phase I project, we will specify the projector system and components; design and simulate the key components, explore and optimize the fabrication process of the special micro-mirror design, and demonstrate the feasibility of a projector with frame rate of 1,000 Hz using modified commercial micro-mirror array. Base on a successful Phase I, we will fabricate the special micro-mirror array and develop a prototype of the MEMS based ultra-high frame speed image projector in Phase II. |
| LW MICROSYSTEMS, INC.
37466 Stonewood Dr. Fremont, CA 94536 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 643-5360
Dr. Christian Gutleben MDA 04-025 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Visible/UV Image Projector for Sensor Testing |
| Abstract: | This proposal is submitted for research on developing optical image projections which provide complex, dynamic stimuli to ultra-violet or visible/near-IR sensors. The Phase I research project, Visible/UV Image projector for Sensor Testing, focuses on fabrication and characterizations of imaging devices, and is under the category of the DOD solicitation topics of MDA04-25. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Mr. Terry Nichols MDA 04-026 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ladar Polarized Signature Technique (LAPSIT) for Plume Environments |
| Abstract: | Coherent Technologies Inc. (CTI), proposes to develop a novel technique for modeling coherent ladar signatures of objects (e.g., post-boost vehicles, re-entry vehicles, and debris) through missile effluent plumes and debris. Polarized object hardbody signatures from CTI's ladar signature tools will be integrated with polarized plume signatures from modified standard plume and scattering codes. Existing plume models, like CHAMP/CHARM, will be used for initial time-dependent mass density distributions, driven by their SPF flow-field model. In Phase 1, CHAMP model output will be modified to account for non-spherical particle shapes. Given this, polarized returns from unresolved hardbodies embedded within the plume will be synthesized which will enable the magnitude of the shape-driven errors to be estimated. In addition, range-resolved Doppler analyses of the plume and target will be made to assess target discrimination capability. Conceptual design of a physics-based, composite scattering and flow-field-driven model will be delivered. Test scenarios will include transient-event signatures and debris. For Phase II, a detailed design and prototype physics-based model will be delivered that interfaces with customized plume and hardbody signature models that account for the plume flow-field, asymmetrical particle shape and size distribution and polarization. Output from these models will be validated and tested against real-world data. |
| SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC.
4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-4770
Dr. Leonid Muratov MDA 04-026 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Ladar Signature Capability for Transient Missile Events for FLITES |
| Abstract: | The design of missile defense systems is challenging because of the complex, often transient, 3D, and very wide range of phenomena exhibited by missile systems. The diverse defense system requirements, such as detection, tracking, hard body location, discrimination against countermeasures, and kill assessment, to name but a few, dictate consideration of equally diverse sensor systems spanning all wavelengths, UV through RF, and both active (radar and Ladar) and passive modalities. An indispensable tool in the design of a missile defense system is an engagement/sensor simulation model capable of rendering all the above complexities and sensor requirements at a meaningful level of fidelity and with, ideally, real-time computational speed. To address this critical MDA need, Spectral Sciences, Inc. and Kinetics, Inc. propose to extend the FLITES (Fast Line-of-sight Imagery for Target and Exhaust Signatures) engagement scenario model into the active system regime. Phase I will feature development and demonstration of an innovative high fidelity Ladar radiation-transport model with application to the radar chaff release problem. In Phase II, an engineering-level model suitable for integration into FLITES will be developed and validated and modules for other types of transient events will be developed. |
| RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
500 Wynn Drive, Suite 504 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 327-3728
Mr. Tom Florence MDA 04-027 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Advanced PC Scene Generation Techniques & Hardware Architectures |
| Abstract: | Commercially available computer and graphics subsystems are achieving performance levels that suggest their applicability to real-time engineering test applications, specifically real-time scene generation. Entry level PC-based scene generation systems have been demonstrated for very basic environments and applications already. Complex multi and hyperspectral scene generation applications of the near future require computational and graphics throughout requiring a high degree of parallelization and communication bandwidth not readily available on current systems. Radiance Technologies proposes to evaluate the feasibility of leveraging current state-of-the-art parallel graphics systems to develop a scene generation architecture with a high-speed point-to-point and broadcast communications and novel real-time image compositing to support highly parallel image construction. Our Phase I effort will evaluate the use of emerging high speed busless communication protocols and post processing of multiple GPU floating point outputs in a flexible manner to support the modeling and scene generation for high dynamic range scenes and non-intensity based scene information such as that required for Ladar scene generation systems. We will evaluate the efficacy of applying one or more graphics processing units per CPU for the scene generation application as well. |
| RESERVOIR LABS., INC.
632 Broadway, Suite 803 New York, NY 10012 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(212) 780-0527
Dr. Kenneth Mackenzie MDA 04-027 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Automatic Compilation of Scene Generation Applications on Clusters with Graphics Coprocessors |
| Abstract: | Contemporary off-the-shelf graphics processing units (GPUs) are programmable multiprocessors-on-a-chip that surpass their host processors at raw computational capacity and far surpass them at computation capacity per dollar. Further, they are expected to continue to outpace general-purpose processors. Recently, GPUs have been used to accelerate non-graphics floating-point intensive tasks but they remain difficult to program, in part because their rapid evolution makes them a moving target. We propose to include clusters of standard computers with GPUs as a target for an existing compiler framework that supports a parameterized architecture description. The compiler framework exploits a "streaming" model of computation common to a class of multiprocessor-on-a-chip architectures under development in DARPA's Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) program. The first phase of the proposed work would consist of experiments to quantify the applicability of GPUs to the scene generation problem and the ability of the compiler framework to model clusters with GPUs. The second phase would consist of compiler implementation work to add clusters with GPUs as a supported target to the compiler. |
| CENTER FOR REMOTE SENSING, INC.
3702 Pender Drive, Suite 170 Fairfax, VA 22030 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 385-7717
Dr. Suman Ganguly MDA 04-028 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Realtime Body Dynamic Antenna Modeled GPS/JAMMER Simulator for HWIL |
| Abstract: | Hardware in the loop simulations provide important performance and systems integration information without the inherent risks and costs of flight testing. These simulations require real-time high fidelity signal generation with flexible parameters and close modeling of the true signals. This proposal details software controlled GPS signal simulation system compatible with current and future GPS signal structures. This system will be capable of multi-satellite, multi-interferer real-time RF output for multiple antennas. It will be capable of integration with a variety of other hardware simulation tools and GPS receivers. The proposed system will leverage CRS's current capabilities and expertise in flexible GPS architectures and will result, at the end of Phase II, in a fully functioning prototype system. |
| NAVSYS CORP.
14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 481-4877
Dr. Kenn Gold MDA 04-028 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Realtime Body Dynamic Antenna Modeled GPS/JAMMER Simulator for HWIL |
| Abstract: | To achieve high dynamic motion simulation of advanced guidance and control systems, closed-loop simulation must be provided to sensors in real time for HWIL simulation. Under this proposed SBIR effort we will develop a real-time GPS/Jammer simulator to provide complex wavefront of multiple satellite and noise/jamming sources with dynamic movement and variable placements for a six-degree-of-freedom motion simulation, with interfaces with inertial measurement sensors and digital GPS receivers. The proposed approach is to use a high J/S signal generator integrated with a dynamic multipath solver based on geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD). This will allow us to simulate the complex wavefront in highly dynamic environment. Under this Phase I effort we plan to demonstrate a high J/S GPS wavefront generator through software simulation and hardware demonstration, and efficient multipath characterization in a highly dynamic environment. A design will also be presented for a real-time GPS/JAMMER simulator prototype system to be implemented and tested under the Phase II effort. The result of the development of the real time GPS/JAMMER simulator will allow an integrated simulation and testing of high mobility GPS navigation and tracking system under complex environments for HWIL simulation. |
| AGILITY COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
475 Pine Ave. Santa Barbara, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 690-1722
Dr. Greg Fish MDA 04-029 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Channel Integrated Transmitter |
| Abstract: | A compact, high-performance, low cost optical transmitter chip comprised of a widely-tunable laser, monolithically integrated with an array of semiconductor optical amplifiers and elelectroabsorption modulators, is a key component of an optical source suitable for arbitrary waveform generation in a dynamic scene projector. Agility Communications develops and manufactures widely-tunable CW sources and transmitters based on monolithic chip-scale integration of a Sampled-Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector (SG-DBR) laser with a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) and Electroabsorption (EA) or Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator. Agility's InP chip-scale integration platform allows integration of several high-speed modulators on the same chip to provide compact, low cost integrated optical components. Additionally, utilization of an injection tuned SG-DBR laser architecture allows for high-speed frequency tuning to simulate frequency shift associated with a laser pulse reflecting off of moving objects. The objective of this project is to develop an 8 channel optical transmitter on the chip comprised of a SGDBR laser integrated with an array of eight SOA-EAMs. During Phase I of this project, one and two-channel prototypes will be characterized and the test data will be used to design an 8 channel chip. In Phase II of this program, the 8 channel chip will be fabricated and optimized. This integrated chip can be packaged to provide a small footprint (<0.6 sq. inch) multi-channel packaged module to be used in very high-density optical systems. |
| EOSPACE, INC.
8711 148th Ave NE Redmond, WA 98052 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 869-6975
Dr. Suwat Thaniyavarn MDA 04-029 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Compact Array of Analog Modulators and Integrated Laser Source (CAAMILS) Module |
| Abstract: | EOSPACE proposes to develop a Compact Array of Analog Modulators and Integrated Laser Source (CAAMILS) module for use in a wide-bandwidth analog ladar scene projection system. Under Phase I, EOSPACE will use its unique, exceptionally low loss, lithium niobate (LiNbO3) integrated electro-optic waveguide technology to fabricate a practical and cost-effective, yet state-of-the-art, ultra-low-loss, high-extinction-ratio, integrated optical modulator array. Under Phase II, the modulator array will be integrated with a stable laser source and the associated control and driver circuitry to form the full CAAMILS module. |
| ATEC, INC.
387 Technology Drive College Park, MD 20742 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 403-2086
Dr. John McKillop MDA 04-030 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Performance Point Source LEDs |
| Abstract: | Long standing relationships with the Ioffe Institute have allowed ATEC to license novel LED technologies developed by Matveev and co-workers, including InGaAs LEDs that emit in the 3 to 5 um region and Negative Luminescence devices that are capable of simulating objects at temperatures below ambient. The goal of the proposed work is to adapt a high efficiency optically pumped GaAs LED stucture developed by Matveev and co-workers to demonstrate InGaAs LED point sources that operate in the 3 to 5 um region. These devices will provide both positive and negative luminescence output and extremely fast modulation speeds. Effective source radiation temperatures in excess of 600 degrees C and modulation speeds of up to 10 MHz are expected from these devices. Phase I will concentrate on demonstration of the device concept. Fabrication services will be provided by the Ioffe Institute, with technical consulting provided to ATEC by Matveev and co-workers. This approach, coupled with the use of a proven device architecture, substantially moderates the technical risk normally associated with development of new electro-optic devices in a small business environment. Phase II will focus on completion of prototype development and transfer of design and manufacturing responsibility to a US manufacturing partner, identified during Phase I. |
| FORUN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1 Serina Drive Plainsboro, NJ 08536 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 720-1181
Dr. Chang-hua Qiu MDA 04-030 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Infrared Point Sources |
| Abstract: | There is a need for broadband infrared light source for simulation projection systems operating at room temperature. We are proposing to develop tunable quantum cascade infrared light emitters based on III-V nitride semiconductors. During Phase I, the proposed emitter will be designed and fabricated. Electro-luminescence in the infrared will be measured at room temperature and low temperatures. In Phase II, the design and growth conditions will be optimized and prototype IR light emitters with multi-wavelength emission bands will be built and evaluated. Successful completion of the project may provide low-cost efficient infrared light sources covering 2 to 14 microns. |
| AGILTRON CORP.
220 Ballardvale St., Suite D Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-1006
Dr. Jack Salerno MDA 04-031 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Photonic Broad Band IR Scene Generator |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses a novel photonic approach to the high performance IR scene generator. The revolutionary design has intrinsic advantages of broadband, high apparent temperature, compactness, high spatial resolution, low background temperature and noise, high reliability, and low cost, as compared with the competitive approaches. The device design overcomes the major shortcomings of the current devices, offering high apparent temperature and a non-flickering image. The program leverages recent progresses on IR optical guiding and optical component as well as MEMS manufacturing technologies. In Phase I, we will perform detailed concept design and implement a proof of concept advanced IR projecting system to evaluate the feasibility. |
| ION OPTICS, INC.
411 Waverley Oaks Road, Suite 144 Waltham, MA 02452 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 788-8777
Dr. James T. Daly MDA 04-031 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Dynamic Range, Mulit-Band Scene Generator for Accurate HWIL Testing |
| Abstract: | Ion Optics will build on established, successful experience with resistive emitter arrays and add high dynamic range capabilities in two ways. First, Ion Optics is already developing a SiC-based emitter technology which will permit simulation of targets with radiometric temperatures up to 1200,aC. Second, we will add high radiance light (apparent temperature to 3000,aK) from a diode source to those few pixels that need it. In the phase 1 effort, we will analyze particular optical configurations, including micromirror array assemblies, that combine the output from a 2D resistive emitter array and one or more IR LEDs or lasers. Through rigorous methods including ray-tracing, we will establish the expected performance characteristics for each configuration. We will establish figures of merit including cost, precision (spatial and thermal), reliability. We will also determine alignment tolerances. We will obtain some small micromirror arrays (1 x 10 arrays are available) to perform some lab bench scale tests. Based on the analysis from phase 1, we will make a recommendation to build a prototype dual-band scene projector of say 64 x 64 or 256 x 256 pixels (depending on cost) in phase II. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Dr. Marc A. Kenton MDA 04-032 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Uncertainty Analysis Techniques for MDA Simulation Codes |
| Abstract: | Progress in missile defense relies heavily on large software packages such as BEST. BEST creates scene simulations for modeling sensor response in the battlespace environment. Sensitivity analysis of the package's predictions is essential due to uncertainties associated with the input parameters. However, performing such an analysis is hindered by the large number of parameters and the complex interactions between models. Automatic differentiation techniques potentially provide a means for overcoming these challenges. However, application of automatic differentiation to the large models that comprise BEST can be difficult due to their complex structure (in some cases derived from legacy codes). Other challenges are created by simultaneous software development at geographically distributed sites. Creare proposes to apply an innovative set of algorithms to BEST that harnesses the capabilities of modern methods for automatic differentiation to provide not only uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation capabilities, but also a distributed, object-oriented software development framework. The Creare approach to automatic differentiation-based uncertainty analysis offers a number of advantages in terms of software engineering, quality assurance, project management, and reduced code runtime. |
| OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.
4030 Spencer St, Suite 108 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 371-4445
Dr. Nahum Gat MDA 04-032 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of Automation Tools for Automatic Differentiation of Computer Codes for Sensitivity & Uncertainty Analysis |
| Abstract: | As the DoD increases its reliance on modeling and simulation (M&S) via large and complex computer codes, a major new problem emerges: current M&S codes do not provide an efficient method of estimating simulation sensitivities and uncertainties for given uncertainties in the input parameters themselves. Automatic Differentiation (AD) is an emerging technology that has proven itself in many disciplines as an efficient means of providing sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for very large and complex computer codes. One of the greatest drawbacks of using these AD tools is the difficulty in applying them to complex computer codes. Present AD tools are pre-compilers that only create enhanced code (i.e., containing derivatives) but do not provide access to the new information or compute uncertainties. The derivatives codes produce an enormous volume of new data and the developer faces the daunting task of accessing the I/O variables, their names, physical units, computing uncertainties, etc. OKSI has established a framework to overcome these obstacles thereby making "Automatic" Differentiation truly "automatic." This framework is called Automated Automatic Differentiation (A2D). OKSI will apply the A2D capability to complex codes, such as those comprising the Battlespace Environment Signature Toolkit, to produce user-friendly enhanced codes with full access to all the sensitivity and uncertainty data. The A2D tools will be demonstrated under Phase-I and applied to a suite of simulation codes under Phase-II. |
| OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.
4030 Spencer St, Suite 108 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 371-4445
Dr. Nahum Gat MDA 04-033 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Plume phenomenology code suite validation via code-to-code sensitivity propagation techniques |
| Abstract: | A chain of plume codes (e.g., rocket motor, flowfield, radiation atmospheric propagation) is required to properly model plume phenomenology. These codes have hundreds of user-selected input parameters and include close to a million database parameters such as molecular cross section, gases thermodynamic properties (JANNAF), chemical kinetic rate constants, etc. In practice, there are large ranges of uncertainties associated with these parameters, and running the models requires expertise in selecting the right values for the input variables. Verification and validation of the chain of codes can be accomplished by attempting to match the model predictions to actual sensor measurements data. However, such a process is largely one of trial and error that can take months, if not years. OKSI has demonstrated an automated technique for accomplishing this arduous process via enhancement of the plume code by automatic differentiation (AD) whereby the codes are used to compute the full Jacobian of the output sensitivities, with respect to the various inputs. With the enhanced code, it is possible to solve a multidimensional optimization problem, improving the accuracy of the computer model predictions as compared to the actual sensor measurements by automatically "tweaking" the model inputs. Without enhancing the codes, this optimization solution would take hopelessly long to converge on a solution. However, the technique to automatically propagate sensitivities (and uncertainties) among the codes in a chain is still lacking. Under Phase-I, this capability will be demonstrated with two plume phenomenology codes. The approach will be expanded under Phase-II to include a complete suite of codes starting from engine models and including flowfield, radiation, atmospheric propagation, and other such models. |
| SIERRA ENGINEERING, INC.
603 East Robinson Street, Suite 7 Carson City, NV 89701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(916) 363-6162
Mr. Scott M. Palmer MDA 04-033 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Application of RSM and Optimization to Plume Signature Analysis |
| Abstract: | We propose using response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool to better understand the effects of engine design parameters and operating conditions on plume signature, and to improve signature predictions through optimized selection of analysis inputs. Often rocket engine operating conditions and design variables are not well known, either because the systems being simulated are foreign, or because hardware designs prevent the accurate measurement or calculation of key conditions. For example, true injector element flow may be difficult or impossible to obtain due to pressure mal-distribution in the injector manifold. This innovative application of RSM could provide a method of selecting unknown or poorly known inputs by using plume observations as an input selection driver. In fact, inputs could be optimized to determine the most likely engine hardware design and operating conditions based on plume observations. The plume signature predictions resulting from the RSM optimized inputs are bound to be more accurate than inputs developed using current selection methods since the inputs will be selected to reflect known signature data. |
| ANALYTICAL SERVICES, INC.
689 Discovery Drive, Suite 300 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 890-0083
Mr. Larry Jess MDA 04-034 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Technologies to Improve Software Acquisition/Development Process |
| Abstract: | The objective of this SBIR proposal is for Analytical Services, Inc. (ASI) to develop design requirements for a client/server, Windows-based, database catalog (potentially, a Web-based distributed system) to track Radiation Hardening technologies and components of interest to the Missile Defense Agency (MDA). This Radiation Hardening Catalog (RHC) will initially be used to store and track radiation hardening materials and mission planning data. Future RHC capabilities may include storing Radiation Hardening modeling information and using the RHC as part of a multi-disciplinary solution for trade space analyses. The RHC will afford extensive reuse of legacy data integrated with knowledge-based rules. The RHC component and system level radiation hardened electronics data will focus on those materials that have been developed by commercial vendors who influence or offer potential leverage opportunities for military application. |
| COHESIONFORCE, INC.
P.O. Box 11578 Huntsville, AL 35814 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 562-0600
Mr. David R. Phillips MDA 04-034 Selected for Award |
| Title: | UML Based Programming Support Environment |
| Abstract: | Migration of weapon systems software from legacy, prototyped, demonstration/validation or simulation to a fielded system presents a tremendous challenge because of the complexity of modern systems and the upgrades necessary to take advantage of new systems capabilities. CohesionForce proposes a methodology and toolset to meet that challenge and provide a significant potential to increase reuse of legacy software and reduce the time and cost of transitioning systems into production. CohesionForce has focused its efforts on the development of software tools based upon the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Model Driven Architecture within a UML based Programming Support Environment. Reverse engineering of existing code into UML artifacts and providing for direct interaction with the code enables the engineer to make appropriate modifications at a higher level of abstraction and then directly integrate the modifications at the code level. This methodology implements advances in commercial development techniques into the defense paradigm and provides for software refactoring through the use of standardized UML representations. |
| HARMONIA, INC.
1700 Kraft Drive, Suite 1100 Blacksburg, VA 24060 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 951-5901
Dr. Marc Abrams MDA 04-034 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Facilitating Reuse of Legacy Software by Universal Representation in XML and Code Generation |
| Abstract: | Harmonia offers a novel approach to realizing software re-use through the use of functional primitives stored as XML. Harmonia offers a solution that allows developers to build libraries of primitives such as design algorithms and software models. These primitives are stored in a language-independent XML format that abstracts the algorithm design away from any particular implementation language. Code generators then use transformation rules to automatically create deployable source code from the XML. Harmonia's solution defines a process that allows new and legacy algorithms to be reverse engineered into XML from implementation code. From this XML representation, these algorithms can be deployed to multiple implementation languages, allowing the Missile Defense Agency to use standardized algorithms across systems, even if the systems are implemented in different languages. This approach has the added benefit of allowing code for future technologies to be generated from the same XML, ensuring the perseverance of certified algorithms. Harmonia's proposed solution includes a tool that automates much of the reverse engineering and code generation effort required to build these libraries. |
| MODELLION SYSTEMS, INC.
1335 Woodcliffe Dr Monroeville, PA 15146 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 607-6404
Dr. Raj Rajkumar MDA 04-034 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Technologies to Improve Software Acquisition/Development Process |
| Abstract: | We shall design and prototype capabilities of a tool called Harmony for the modeling, construction and analysis of systems of systems. Harmony will be based on an integrated multi-view CASE technology targeted at supporting large-scale DoD systems. Recursive and partial composition techniques combined with strong typing will enable large-scale systems to be hierarchically composed. Adapters will translate protocols to couple different systems (or subsystems). Dynamic aspects of distributed embedded real-time systems (DREs) will be explicitly modeled. Information can be exchanged between Harmony and UML/MDA tools. Architectural rules can also be specified and enforced to ensure satisfaction of application-specific constraints. Harmony will be built on an open and extensible architecture, allowing new capabilities and views to be added as pluggable modules. It will also interface with component-based environments to facilitate reuse. |
| ADVANCED CERAMICS MANUFACTURING
7800A South Nogales Highway Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 573-6300
Ms. Marlene Platero MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Manufacturing Processes for High Temperature Ceramic KEI and SM-3 SDACS Components |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I program, Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing will develop a processing method to manufacture ceramic propulsion components. ACM will demonstrate the utility of a high temperature hot isostatic pressing (HIP) consolidation process to manufacture carbide propulsion components. Low cost light weight components offer increased performance capabilities in numerous applications including miniature kill vehicle propulsion, advanced SM-3 solid DACS, Patriot reaction control system and Kinetic Energy Intercept (KEI) booster. However, cost effective production methods are lacking such that these ceramic materials remain in the laboratory. Development of manufacturing processes that allow for the near net shape fabrication of ceramic propulsion components can transition these advanced materials from laboratory setting to production floor and into MDA missile systems. The primary objectives of this program are to develop high temperature HIP processing methods and demonstrate its production capabilities as a manufacturing process. The manufacturing technology developed on this Phase I program is an enabling technology that would transition advanced high temperature materials development from the laboratory to production floor. |
| BRYCOAT, INC.
976 4th Street North Safety Harbor, FL 34695 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 726-3500
Mr. Michael D. Smith MDA 04-035 Awarded: 15APR04 |
| Title: | Innovative Manufacturing Process Improvements-CVD TiC Coating on Precision Bearing Balls |
| Abstract: | The United States faces the imminent loss of a technology critical to national security. The guidance systems of many key missile defense systems rely on Coatings of Titanium Carbide (TiC) applied by a novel Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Process on the balls of precision ball bearings. This unique process produces a ball with performance characteristics unmatched by any material technology tested to date. The European source of this coating has announced plans to shut down the operation and sell the equipment. BryCoat has purchased the equipment and is planning to transfer the technology and equipment to its U.S. facility. The objective of this program is to develop and implement a testing protocol for qualification of the original, current and future production coatings for bearing applications in advanced guidance systems and to optimize the coating process to meet performance, repeatability and yield objectives for these applications. |
| COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, I
2600 Campus Drive, Suite D Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 664-0394
Dr. Kaushik Mallick MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | All-composite pipes for cryogenic applications |
| Abstract: | Composite Technology Development, Inc. (CTD) proposes to develop unique new composite materials that can meet the microcrack resistance, impermeability, and thermal stability requirements of lightweight, linerless composite pipes for cryogenic applications. |
| EXOTHERMICS, INC.
60 Route 101A Amherst, NH 03031 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 732-0077
Mr. Stephen DiPietro MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Continuous Fiber Reinforced Ultrahigh Temperature Composites for Cost-Effective KKV DACS Hardware |
| Abstract: | In light of MDA's stated requirement improve the affordability, maintainability and performance of propulsion system components, whether via refinement of existing products, or development of new products Exothermics is developing a new class of ultrahigh temperature (~ 3000øC) refractory composite materials for KKV SDACS applications. Ultrahigh temperature SDACS components would be extremely desirable, for example, on the SM-3 LEAP KKV and improved variants thereof. The precious metal rhenium is used quite extensively in current-generation SDACS systems, and a good case can be made to investigate more affordable and technically appealing materials options to either augment or substantially reduce the use of rhenium over the long term. The materials system we propose for examination in Phase 1 is a continuous fiber-reinforced, ductile phase toughened composite that could have potentially outstanding ultrahigh temperature (approaching 3000øC) performance potential. Our team member for the Phase 1 development efforts in Pratt and Whitney Space Propulsion, San Jose, CA. |
| LASSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
6059 Bristol Parkway, Suite 15 Culver City, CA 90230 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 216-4046
Dr. Marvin Klein MDA 04-035 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Laser Ultrasonic Chip Inspection |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will determine the feasibility of using advanced laser ultrasonic techniques for in-process inspection of epoxy underfill in flip chip and other high-performance surface mount packages. Epoxy underfill is used for strain relief and thermal conduction. Undetected voids in the underfill can cause local heating as well as disbonding of solder bumps. Laser ultrasonics is a technique for performing ultrasonic inspection using a pulsed laser to generate the ultrasound and a separate cw laser interferometer to detect the ultrasound at the point of interrogation. Laser ultrasonics offers several attractive features for the automated inspection of epoxy underfill: (1) its noncontact nature allows the inspection of parts without water immersion and during processing, (2) the capability of scanning allows the gathering of data at a high rate, (3) advanced, compensated receivers allow the interrogation of rough surfaces and (4) its high bandwidth provides high spatial and temporal resolution. Our approach during Phase I will be to optimize the laser generation and detection process, determine the best beam configuration and develop robust signal processing techniques. We will then build a laboratory breadboard for testing of samples provided by end users. In Phase II a prototype field inspection system will be developed and tested at an end user site. |
| MATECH ADVANCED MATERIALS
31304 Via Colinas, Suite 102 Westlake Village, CA 91362 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 991-8500
Dr. Edward J. A. Pope MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | TaC/TaC CMCs for Aluminized Propellant SRMs |
| Abstract: | In this proposed MDA Phase I SBIR Program, MATECH seeks to develop woven TaC ceramic fiber reinforced TaC matrix CMCs for aluminized propellant solid rocket motors (SRMs). Aluminized propellant SRMs constitute the most eroding environment when compared to non-aluminized SRMs and liquid SRMs. Both theoretically and experimentally, it has been shown that the reaction initiation temperature of TaC is 1000oC higher than that of carbon and 400oC higher than HfC, thus making it a prime candidate for thrusters used in the next generation of higher performance, hypersonic missile defense systems. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the erosion rate of TaC is significantly less that HfC and carbon under comparable conditions. Of all the refractory metal carbide systems, TaC holds the most promise for the unique conditions of aluminized propellant SRMs. |
| MENTIS SCIENCES, INC.
150 Dow Street, Tower Two Manchester, NH 03101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 624-9197
Mr. John J. Dignam MDA 04-035 Awarded: 03MAY04 |
| Title: | Innovative Manufacturing Process Improvements |
| Abstract: | It is common knowledge that both value-added and non value-added costs exist in the production of all entities. And that in a manufacturing environment, the reduction of non-value added expenses may ultimately reduce the acquisition cost of that entity given all burdens remain consistent. Likewise, the reduction in value-added processes and their associated costs should yield consistent results. Mentis Sciences, Inc. has been engaged in an effort to produce an inorganic composite laminate suitable for high temperature radome applications. Recent advances in fibers, resins, and composite fabrication techniques allow the planning and initiation of programs to develop advanced RF seeker protection, i.e. radomes which can result in significant missile system cost and weight reduction, as well as critically required improvements in performance. The materials selected for these radomes are fabricated using high purity quartz fibers developed and marketed by JPS Glass Fabrics and Cytec Fiberite's S826A silicone based resin systems. The advantages of high specific strength composite structures are well documented, however previously their application has been limited due to the high acquisition costs associated with producing these laminates. And although the projected cost of MSI's prototype PAC3 radome is significantly less than that of the present solution, the technology and opportunities exist to reduce the acquisition costs of this (MSI's) radome even further. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Frederick S. Lauten MDA 04-035 Awarded: 07MAY04 |
| Title: | Ultra High Temperature Composite SDACs Components |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) has been developing ultra-high temperature composites that are demonstrating little or no erosion at temperatures above 4200oF while being impinged by highly oxidizing gas streams. These results indicate that the PSI materials are promising candidates for advanced rocket components. In addition, the relatively low cost of the commercially available constituent materials and the simplicity of the processing methods will combine for production of SDACS components that will be cost effective for use in the next generation of high performance missiles. It is the purpose of this SBIR to develop and demonstrate the PSI composites as materials that are one to one replacements for current SM-3 TDACS components yet will enable significant increases in performance. During the Phase I program we will demonstrate that the PSI enhanced composites: 1) Exceed strengths of 30 KSI, 2) Retain strengths to temperatures of at least 4,000oF 3) Erode at less than 0.0001"/sec during hot fire test. During the Phase II SBIR program we will continue our work with the system integrators to ground test a specific component so that we are poised for a successful Phase III SBIR for insertion into specific MDA acquisition programs in the fastest possible timeframe. |
| RENAISSANCE SERVICES
6620 Stillmead Rd, Suite 6 Dayton, OH 45414 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 898-1414
Mr. Dan Z. Sokol MDA 04-035 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Enabling Six Sigma Design Through Characteristic Lifecycle Management |
| Abstract: | Integration of design intent with process capability is fundamental to mission assurance. Inability to achieve such integration during product development means costly and protracted production transition, quality escapes, even system failures. This proposal addresses feasibility of a system for real-time, quantitative information, linking design requirements to the manufacturing processes that must deliver those requirements-starting early in product development, progressing over the development process lifecycle, providing continuous understanding of product maturity. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) seeks process capability data and integrates it with design to link product expectations and process capability. To realize the DFSS vision, knowledge must be captured early in product development; it must be quantifiable and at a level of detail to define product/process relationships. Renaissance Services proposes an electronic system, bringing intelligence to the documentation of design requirements and process capability at a fundamental level: individual characteristics defined by geometries, dimensions, materials, and process/performance specifications. This system-Characteristic Lifecycle Management-can be applied from the beginning of product development and continuously refined, ensuring design intent and process capability are understood, dramatically enhancing design-to-production transition. This will improve development cycle times, increase quality, and improve producibility/productivity, substantially enhancing mission assurance for all products essential to MDA. |
| SCHAFER CORP.
321 Billerica Road Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 338-2865
Dr. William A. Goodman MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Manufacturing Process Improvements |
| Abstract: | MDA and Air Force are interested in advanced infrared optical windows for high-energy laser (HEL) systems. Laser windows always absorb some of the incident and transmitted energy. A non-uniform intensity beam profile causes non-uniform thermal gradients in the window, producing optical distortions and mechanical stresses. The window material can impose major degradations on the system beam quality because of localized inhomogenities, whether impurity or strain induced. Finally, fracture of the window can represent a single point catastrophic failure for an entire HEL system. Thus, proper window design is imperative. Schafer was the Scientific, Engineering Technical Advisor (SETA) for all of the SDIO/AFWL HEL window development programs in the early 1990's. Schafer is a leading designer of windows for HEL systems, and we contributed to the design of the output window for the Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) system. In Phase I, Schafer, with teammate Schott Glass Technologies, will design 5 laser phosphate glass formulations, perform the thermal distortion design and analysis for the Airborne Laser (ABL) bulkhead window based on these, and produce coupons for the top 3 formulations. In Phase II we will downselect the most promising glass and build a prototype bulkhead window for the ABL. |
| SENSOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY, INC.
1195 Atlas Road Columbia, SC 29209 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(803) 647-9757
Dr. Remis Gaska MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of Multi-Wafer Growth Reactor With Migration Enhanced MOCVD Capability for AlInGaN-based Transistor Wafer Production |
| Abstract: | SET will develop commercially viable large area multi-epitaxial wafer technology for manufacturing of reliable high microwave power transistors and amplifiers for new generation of Transmit/Receive modules. |
| SSG, INC.
65 Jonspin Road Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9991
Mr. Joseph Robichaud MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Aspheric Surface Generation of Silicon Carbide Optics |
| Abstract: | The superior material properties of Silicon Carbide (SiC) have made it an attractive optical material candidate for a number Air Force and Missile Defense Agency applications. Missions like Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV), Space Based Infrared System (SBIRS), and Airborne Laser (ABL) all require aspheric optics which are lightweight and thermally stable, with low cost production being critical for multiple unit, operational optical systems. SSG has developed and demonstrated a low cost, near-net-shape, SiC mirror substrate fabrication process, and Tinsley Laboratories, an SSG subsidiary, has demonstrated the ability of the Tinsley proprietary Computer Controlled Optical Surfacing (CCOS) process to deterministically polish these SiC materials. There is a strong need for a low-cost aspheric surface generation process which can be used in conjunction with these other steps in order to define an end-to-end, low cost SiC mirror manufacturing approach. This intermediate aspheric surface generation process, the steps between obtaining a mirror substrate and being ready for optical polishing, has proved to be problematic for very hard optical materials like SiC. Aspheric surface generation techniques like single point diamond turning are routinely applied to softer optical materials, however, these approaches are not suitable for SiC due to the material's hardness. SSG proposes to evaluate two potential solutions to this problem: (1) single point turning of SiC with Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) structures, and (2) precision grinding with in-process dressing. Both of these approaches have demonstrated the potential to provide aspheric surface generation of very hard materials. Carbon Nano Tubes have been used to lathe cut Al2O3 materials with good success (ORNL), while in-process dressing has been successfully applied to precision grinding of BeO (LLNL). Like SiC, both of these hard materials cannot be machined using conventional approaches. During the Phase I activity proposed SSG plans to investigate the suitability of these two approaches in surfacing SiC materials. The optimal process will be defined and a program plan for modifying/developing this approach, specifically for aspheric surface generation of SiC optics, will be developed. |
| SYSTEM DESIGN, LLC
73 Junction Square Concord, MA 01742 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(617) 901-2108
Dr. David S. Cochran MDA 04-035 Awarded: 02MAY04 |
| Title: | THAAD Transition to Production - Collective System Design Certification Requirements |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this proposal is to define a system design process in collaboration with Lockheed Martin and the government to minimize THAAD design and development costs through the design and definition of a Collective System Design (CSD) growth-oriented certification process for clients and associates engaged in the THAAD program. In CSD, cost is understood to be the result of the system design. When system design objectives are achieved over the program life cycle, total cost is reduced. By applying CSD to the product design and delivery environment, dramatic improvements in cycle time and costs beyond today's expectations can be achieved. |
| TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT & TRANSFER, I
133 Defense Highway, Suite 212 Annapolis, MD 21401 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 987-3435
Dr. Anthony DiGiovanni MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optimized Asphere Fabrication and Finishing, for Future Optical Windows |
| Abstract: | Aspherical domes provide lower drag and radar signatures than hemispherical window designs but conventional finishing technologies have not been able to provide adequate optical surfaces. The fabrication of aspherical windows therefore remains a relatively under-developed technology for E/O windows for hypervelocity missiles. Development of deterministic microgrinding, coupled with magnetorheological polishing has made the optical finishing of aspherical domes possible. Hypervelocity windows are exposed to extreme thermal loads as well as requiring high resistance to erosion. Magnesium aluminate spinel is a hard optically transparent material with good thermal shock resistance and is presently being produced in hemispherical domes up to seven inches in diameter as a low-cost replacement for sapphire. Technology Assessment and Transfer will demonstrate that the existing fabrication technology can be extended to produce aspherical domes, and that these domes can be optically finished thereby producing a low-cost approach for the manufacture of hard, aspherical windows for a wide range of missile and hypervelocity applications in the UV, visible and MWIR. |
| TOUCHSTONE RESEARCH LABORATORY, LTD.
The Millennium Centre, R.R. 1, Box 100B Triadelphia, WV 26059 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(304) 547-5800
Mr. Drew M. Spradling MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Integration of Carbon Foam and Aerogel |
| Abstract: | Lightweight and structurally strong carbon foam will be integrated with an inexpensive, super insulating carbon or silica aerogel resulting in a new material that, when combined, will increase performance over either material individually. MDA has a need for thermal protection systems to withstand enormous shear stresses of hypersonic flight for rapid global deployment of munitions payloads. Touchstone has developed and brought to market a lightweight, strong carbon foam that is inexpensive to manufacture. While this material has good insulating properties, combining it with an aerogel - the lightest and most insulating solid known to exist - will yield strong, lightweight super insulation that can be used as thermal protection for munitions deployment vehicles and payloads. Due to some manufacturing similarities and inherent open-celled structure of carbon foam, the potential for combining the two materials will mean lower costs and quicker production cycles for this new composite material. Phase I work will prove technical feasibility of aerogel infiltration of carbon foam, including thermal and mechanical testing. Integration of the two inexpensive manufacturing processes will result in Phase II focusing on pilot-scale manufacturing and identification of possible reductions in overall production times and equipment requirements. Low manufacturing costs of carbon foam together with a low-cost aerogel process will ultimately allow for feasible insertion into ballistic missile defense technologies. |
| TRITON SYSTEMS, INC.
200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-4200
Mr. James Burnett MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightweight Composite Armor for Missile Canisters(1000-435) |
| Abstract: | Triton Systems Inc. proposes to develop a low cost manufacturing process to fabricate Fiber Reinforced Aluminum lightweight advanced multi-hit composite panels to meet Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) armor requirements. The proposed Integrated Product Team (IPT) team will consist of Lockheed Martin Missile and Fire Control (LMMFC), the metal matrix and armor development teams at Triton. The PAC-3 and related systems such as the proposed Medium Extended air Defense System (MEADS) and similar missile launcher systems that are deployed in forward positions for terminal phase interception of incoming missiles are the primary benefactors of the proposed multi-hit armor system. These systems have come under significantly increased threat from small arms up to 50-caliber fire and asymmetric threats. A need has been identified for lightweight multi-hit armor that can be retrofit onto the PAC-3 system. This program has been conceived to defeat these small and medium caliber threats with significantly reduced cost panels that will form the backplane of the integrated armor. The armor system is projected to have an areal density lower than currently available, with the hard face ceramic tiles and mounting materials in place. |
| UTRON, INC.
8506 Wellington Road, Suite 20 Manassas, VA 20109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 369-5552
Dr. Karthik Nagarathnam MDA 04-035 Selected for Award |
| Title: | NET SHAPE FABRICATION OF RHENIUM AND RHENIUM/HfC, TaC, SiC COMPOSITES FOR MDA-DACS NOZZLE LINERS USING HIGH PRESSURE COMBUSTION DRIVEN POWDER COMPACTION |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project is focused on fabricating and evaluating dense and durable refractory based Rhenium, Rhenium/Molybdenum and Rhenium/HfC, TaC and SiC functional composites in net shape using UTRON's innovative, compact and cost-effective High Pressure Combustion Driven Powder Compaction (CDC) technology. The major application is for MDA's high performance Divert and Attitude Control System (DACS) nozzle liner systems for advanced propulsion. Some of the unique advantages are: faster process cycle time (e.g., milliseconds), much higher densification, ability for simple/complex geometries, micro/nano powder consolidation with functional multi-layered materials, substantial cost savings due to much less or no materials wastage unlike the wrought, forged, cast, machined or plasma sprayed parts, superior surface quality (e.g., micron/sub-micron finishes) and scaling up potential. We propose to develop R&D samples of 0.5 inch diameter cylindrical ring, 3.5 inch long dogbones and small scale (<1 inch diameter) truncated conical nozzle liner and scientifically characterize key CDC process optimization, manufacturing strategy, physical properties, surface quality/roughness, microstructure, microchemistry and mechanical/high temperature properties. Our proposed R&D efforts will be integrated by closely working in partnership with MDA subcontractors for more multi-level complex shapes and other novel competitive composite alloys of Rhenium/Molybdenum with carbides, borides, and silicides in Phase II. |
| CELIS SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
5475 Mark Dabling Blvd., Suite Colorado Springs, CO 80918 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 262-5156
Mr. Alan DeVilbiss MDA 04-036 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Manufacturing Technology for Radiation Hardened/Tolerant Systems |
| Abstract: | Existing nonvolatile semiconductor memory, such as Flash memory, is system life-limiting because of its softness to radiation exposure. Because commercial wafer fabrication processes change, the radiation hardness fluctuates uncontrollably. The objective of this SBIR proposal is to demonstrate that a non-destructive read-out (NDRO) ferroelectric memory with radiation hardened CMOS circuitry that is hardened-by-design can provide a nonvolatile semiconductor memory that that does not limit the life of MDA military and space systems. The NDRO ferroelectric memory is projected to have high levels of radiation hardness to both total ionizing dose and single event upset. In addition to high levels of radiation hardness, the characteristics of this memory are anticipated to be fast write and read data speeds, low power, and high endurance. The approach of this Phase I program is to characterize a discrete implementation of the memory cell and perform additional design and performance simulations to determine the feasibility of using this memory for radiation hardened MDA systems. Based on demonstration of the feasibility, the design, fabrication and characterization of a prototype NDRO ferroelectric memory is proposed for Phase II. Phase III proposes to work with a partner corporation to commercialize the technology to produce products for MDA requirements. |
| HYBRID PLASTICS
18237 Mt. Baldy Circle Fountain Valley, CA 92708 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 962-0303
Dr. Joseph Lichtenhan MDA 04-036 Selected for Award |
| Title: | POSS Nanochemical Technology for Radiation Hardened/Tolerant Systems |
| Abstract: | The work seeks to develop a low cost, and versatile method for providing radiation shielding to microelectronic and optical components. The technical approach utilizes metallized nanoscopic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane building blocks to deliver high loadings of absorbing species as a coating on off -the-shelf electronics. |
| NANOSONIC, INC.
P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(540) 953-1785
Dr. Jennifer Lalli MDA 04-036 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Low Cost Fabrication of Radiation Hardened Electronics |
| Abstract: | NanoSonic would develop low cost manufacturing methods for producing radiation hardened nonvolatile Chalcogenide based Random Access Memory (RAM) and magneto-resistive RAM with BAE Systems and Lockheed Martin to improve near term and next generation MDA programs including Theatre High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), Miniature Kill Vehicles (MKV), and the Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS). The DoD's most promising solution for radiation hardened, miniaturized, high density memory lies in solid state devices such as BAE's Chalcogenide based RAM (phase change materials) and MRAM rather than electronic storage. NanoSonic has manufacturing capabilities to lower cost and improve performance of state of the art memory products including: tailored nanoparticle syntheses (up to 20L), expertise in the art of self assembly (on severely curved and large 12" substrates), rapid prototyping via ink-jet printing (drop size 10 pL), and maskless lithography (10 nm). Hexagonal arrays of oxidatively stable, discrete nanoparticles are formed within multifunctional ultrathin films via self assembly. This technology would be combined with advanced polymers and tailored architectures are used to prevent aggregation and intergrain particle interactions through ligand exchange processes. The Chalcogenide and MRAM devices would be tested in Lockheed Martin and BAE products during Phase II. |
| NU-TREK
16428 Avenida Florencia Poway, CA 92064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 487-8149
Dr. John Rauch MDA 04-036 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improving Radiation Tolerance of COTS-Based Systems With Fast Nuclear Event Detection and Circumvention System |
| Abstract: | Since modern microelectronics are capable of responding in times comparable to gamma pulse risetimes, it is critical to have circumvention techniques that offer protection in the same time frames. We will couple Nu-Trek's ultra fast GaAs detector technology (< 30 ps response time) with Titan/Jaycor's System Hardening Upset Recovery (SHUR) technology for a sub-nanosecond nuclear event detector and circumvention system, UF-SHUR (adjustable and staged engagement, E6-E10 rad(Si)/s). SHUR is a macro cell library sponsored by DTRA available to all government contractors for use in their designs. UF-SHUR is especially applicable to COTS devices and systems, as it enhances radiation hardness on a system level. In the context of an FPA, UF-SHUR will protect the sequencer control electronics, the calibration data memory, all the interfaces between the analog signal processor and the digital signal processor. Additional features include false-write protection, prompt immune signal pass-through, hardened clock generation circuitry, multiple fault masking, off-line timer, and hardened recall registers. In addition, an Ultra Fast Nuclear Event Detector will be spun off as a commercial product. |
| STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES
Suite 103, 201 Circle Drive Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 260-9589
Mr. Joe D. Cuchiaro MDA 04-036 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Prompt-Dose Hardened Non-Volatile Re-Programmable FPGA |
| Abstract: | There is currently significant effort in designing and developing microelectronic test structures, sub-circuits, models, and design techniques leading to a space radiation hardened re-programmable non-volatile Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this MDA Phase I effort, Structured Materials Industries, Inc. (SMI) will build upon existing work to evaluate a re-programmable FPGA FLASH based switch for intrinsic hardness to prompt dose radiation, identify improvements by utilizing Hardened By Design (HBD) techniques, and investigate novel hardening techniques (such as minimizing the electric field by using a poly-silicon field plate) in order to design the basic prompt-dose hardened FPGA cell for Phase II demonstration. Our Phase II effort will build upon Phase I results by developing and building test chip structures of the FLASH switch cells with a target radiation tolerance of 1Mrad(Si) or greater and prompt dose tolerance greater than 1.0E10 Rad(Si)/sec. These test circuits, as well as the resulting FPGA, will be targeted at the same advanced wafer process (130 nm and potentially 90 nm) and in the same merchant foundry (currently UMC) as current commercial high volume FPGAs. In Phase III SMI, with its partners, will market high-density re-programmable prompt-dose hardened FPGA devices utilizing low-cost foundry manufacturing to incorporate various known and novel (HBD) techniques for a strategically hardened version of commercial re-programmable non-volatile FPGA. |
| UNITED SILICON CARBIDE, INC.
New Brunswick Tech Center, 100 Jersey Ave.Bldg A New Brunswick, NJ 08901 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 565-9500
Mr. Leonid Fursin MDA 04-036 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A highly manufacturable technology for radiation-hardened and high-temperature system applications |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project is proposed to develop a highly manufacturable technology for radiation-hardened high-temperature SiC devices for both military and commercial applications. The innovative design in device structure and in processing of the proposed SiC power device will make it possible to offer the ultimate high radiation tolerance. The SiC device will also overcome the bottleneck problems of low inversion layer carrier mobility and low gate oxide reliability problems of SiC power MOSFETs under high temperature. In Phase I, efforts are proposed to develop the manufacturing technology through experimental demonstration of the proposed SiC device. Commercially available SiC wafers will be used to demonstrate the devices with aggressive voltage and current targets. Computer modeling will be done to extract key parameters to guide efforts for further device improvements. Preliminary radiation and high-temperature study will also be performed to investigate the radiation and high-temperature effects on the SiC device performance. The fabricated SiC devices will be delivered for system prototyping for rad-hard and high temperature applications. In Phase II, the rad-hard manufacturing technology will be fully developed and SiC devices with substantially increased power level will be delivered for insertion into MDA systems and subsystems. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Dr. Nabil A. Elkouh MDA 04-037 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Heating of Lithium Oxyhalide Batteries |
| Abstract: | Lithium oxyhalide batteries offer energy densities several times higher than thermal batteries. Like thermal batteries, lithium oxyhalide batteries have unactivated storage lives in excess of 20 years and are mechanically rugged. Some of the main advantages that lithium oxyhalide batteries offer are flat discharge voltage profiles and potentially long operating lives. However, battery performance deteriorates significantly when the temperature is less than -20 degrees Celsius. To preserve the advantages that lithium oxyhalide batteries have and extend them to low temperatures, we will develop a means to heat a cold electrolyte extremely rapidly - in less than two seconds - dramatically improving low temperature performance. Key to this development will be to minimize any weight penalty associated with the rapid heating mechanism. In Phase I, we will prove the feasibility of our rapid heating approach. In Phase II, we will demonstrate the approach in production batteries. |
| ENSER CORP. THE
5430 70th Avenue North Pinellas Park, FL 33781 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 520-1393
Mr. Heath Norris MDA 04-037 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Thermal Battery Powder Granulation |
| Abstract: | Thermal batteries are mission-critical components utilized in virtually every weapon system. Thermal batteries require four types of pellets that comprise the energy-producing portion of the battery. These include: (1) anode pellets, composed of Li(Si) alloy and electrolyte salt, (2) cathode pellets, consisting of either FeS2 or CoS2 and electrolyte salt, (3) separator pellets, consisting of MgO and electrolyte salt and (4) heat pellets containing iron and potassium perchlorate. A pellet is manufactured by compacting its powdered constituents in an automated press. The powder is loaded into a feed shoe, which automatically fills a die cavity. Currently, pellet production is the rate-limiting step in thermal battery manufacture, hence, it is essential to optimize press throughput. The chemical, physical, and mechanical differences between the powders are wildly different. The ultimate material would exhibit excellent flow behavior and compaction behavior. The pharmaceutical industry has done extensive work in this area. One of the methods utilized to improve flow properties and compression characteristics is granulation. This proposed SBIR project focuses on the design challenge to implement a granulation process in order to double pellet production rate. In principle, accomplishing this goal will result in a substantial increase in thermal battery production capability. |
| TPL, INC.
3921 Academy Parkway North, NE Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 342-4427
Dr. Charles D. E. Lakeman MDA 04-037 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lithium Microbattery Microsupercapacitor Hybrid Power Supplies |
| Abstract: | Advances in microfabrication, integrated circuit technology, and sensor design, enable sensors, active RFID beacons, and integrated microsystems to be constructed at low cost. These systems will have applications in miniature kill vehicles (MKV), distributed unattended sensors for security and structural health monitoring, and active RFID beacons for inventory management. Critical to realizing these devices is a low cost, high energy density, minimum footprint power supply. TPL Inc. proposes to develop a unique MEMS Electrochemical Power Supply that will exploit TPL's patented volumetric lithium microbatteries and microsupercapacitors to deliver high energy and power densities in a minimum footprint, minimum volume package. In the proposed Phase I effort, TPL will combine new lithium microbatteries with integrated micro-supercapacitors and evaluate their energy storage and power delivery capabilities. Primary lithium batteries have a high energy density (~1000Whr/L, 3.6J/mm3), high voltage (3V), and good performance characteristics (high discharge rate capability, low cost). In a volumetric package, these devices deliver substantially increased capacity compared with thin film devices with the same footprint. The PI has pioneered the microfabrication technology that makes these devices possible, and is uniquely qualified to ensure delivery of a micro-power supply that will support MEMS applications in both commercial and military markets. |
| YARDNEY TECHNICAL PRODUCTS, INC.
82 Mechanic Street Pawcatuck, CT 06379 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(860) 599-1100
Dr. Thomas Barbarich MDA 04-037 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile System Innovative Power Storage Devices |
| Abstract: | Safety concerns over the susceptibility of large Li-ion cells to thermal runaway during overcharge are one of the problems preventing the commercialization of these cells. New materials will be developed which will prevent thermal runaway and capacity fade from occurring. These will be substituted for a cell component that is believed to be involved in these processes. |
| AVYD DEVICES, INC.
2925 COLLEGE AVENUE, UNIT A- COSTA MESA, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 751-8553
Dr. Honnavalli R Vydyanath MDA 04-038 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Producible High Performance VLWIR HgCdTe Detector Technology |
| Abstract: | Our proposal addresses the development of an innovative producible VLWIR HgCdTe detector focal plane technology where high reliability, high manufacturing yields at higher performance levels and lower production costs are the goals. In Phase I, we plan to establish the feasibility of our approach. In Phase II, we plan to demonstrate the engineering scale- up of the proposed technology, with demonstration of high performance large two-dimensional arrays (256x256 or larger) hybridized to silicon Read Out Integrated Circuits (ROICs) with a high operability, high yield and lowered costs. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Dr. Chris Wood MDA 04-038 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Compact, Efficient Laser Radar Transmitters using Wavelength Stabilized Pump Diodes |
| Abstract: | CTI has extensive experience with high performance, mil-spec, flight-qualified LADAR systems, and we are keenly aware that the environmental control systems for such lasers can often be larger, heavier, and more power-hungry than the lasers themselves. Additionally, transmitters for LADAR systems urgently need to take a technological step forward from their present-day configurations that tend to be only a minor revision from a `laboratory breadboard'. CTI proposes to tackle both of these problems with a novel combination of technologies to produce compact, near-monolithic, high performance LADAR transmitters with greatly reduced thermal requirements. The benefits of such a transmitter are numerous: size, weight, efficiency, manufacturability, robustness, and reliability. Our design utilizes several recently demonstrated, innovative CTI technologies that enable compact, high beam-quality, high-energy output, and is pumped by newly developed COTS diode lasers with improved thermal insensitivity. Our proposed transmitter will eliminate the the need for transmitter temperature control in a majority of MDA applications. CTI's innovative solid-state laser technology is the basis for this extremely rugged transmitter, and reduces or eliminates thermal requirements on the laser medium. The resulting design enables extremely compact, inexpensive, and manufacturable laser oscillators and amplifiers with diffraction-limited beam quality and negligible turn-on time. Phase I will deliver an optimal transmitter design based on these concepts, and Phase II will deliver a breadboard transmitter. |
| EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 771-0206
Dr. Silviu Velicu MDA 04-038 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Long and Very Long Wavelenght Non-equilibrium Superlattice Infrared Detectors |
| Abstract: | We propose a new generation of non-equilibrium, high efficiency long and very long wavelength infrared (8 microns and longer) superlattice-based detectors that operate in the 40 to 77 K temperature range. This technology will lead to the possibility of improving the performance of current infrared focal plane arrays. It will also permit the creation of very long wavelength infrared detection capabilities that are necessary for a variety of MDA missions. We plan to achieve the objectives by combining the advantages of the molecular beam epitaxy crystal growth technique and an innovative non-equilibrium device architecture that will decrease the dark current. In addition, we plan to introduce superlattice structures to control the energy bandgap more precisely. For the most frequently used infrared photon detecting material bulk HgCdTe, a small variation in the CdTe mole fraction causes a big change in the energy gap. However, the gap is determined by layer thicknesses in a superlattice, which can be better controlled. We propose to use HgTe/CdTe superlattice infrared materials grown by molecular beam epitaxy directly on CdTe/Si or CdZnTe bulk substrates. This will make it possible to produce high quality absorber layers with lower defect densities, and in turn, high performance detectors with lower dark currents and improved detectivities. |
| EPITAXIAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1450 South Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 455-5830
Dr. Ayub Fathimulla MDA 04-038 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High sensitivity, 1.06 um ladar photoreceivers with micro digitized pixels |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase 1 SBIR project is to develop highly sensitive 1.06-um ladar photoreceivers for enhanced ABL and EKV resolution and engagement range, which will significantly increase their hit-to-kill capability. The basis of the proposed effort is a combination of on-chip digitization and optical amplification to enhance sensitivity, fill-factor without sacrificing the bandwidth and increasing the transmit energy level. In Phase 1, we will design and implement optically preamplified pixels that will obviate the need for electronic amplification before digitization. The optical preamplification will be as high as 20 dB and will be based on the Company's VCSOA technology adapted for 1.064-um operation. We will design an integral digitizer based on the resonant tunneling bipolar transistor (the micro digitizer), which will enable high bit digitization using more than an order of magnitude lower part count than state-of-the-art digitization techniques, and reduce the size of the digitizer. This will enable high fill-factor pixel-level digitization. During Phase II, we will optimize the optically preamplified pixels, implement the on-pixel digitization and produce 10 x 10 photoreceiver arrays with -58 dBm sensitivity at 1.4 GHz bandwidth (2.5 Gsps), to enable a ladar range of at least 300 Km with less than 30 cm resolution. |
| FIBERTEK, INC.
510 Herndon Parkway Herndon, VA 20170 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 471-7671
Dr. William Torruellas MDA 04-038 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile Innovative Electro-Optic Products |
| Abstract: | Advanced modulation formats and detection approaches, common in optical communications, have the potential of improving the performance of coherent LADAR systems. In order to achieve unambiguous range and velocity discrimination a sophisticated modulation format is required. We want to adapt telecommunication modualtion formats and investigate their advantages in LADAR applications. By integrating such optical fiber based technology in LADAR systems we anticipate improvements in: Optical beam quality,Beam pointing stability, signal to noise ratio, range and velocity ambiguity, packaging and power conversion efficiency. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4150
Mr. Brian Farrell MDA 04-038 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | A Highly Integrated Near-Hermetic Optoelectronic Packaging Technology |
| Abstract: | This proposed effort is designed to ensure that the DoD, will have access to a highly integrated, near-hermetic optoelectronic packaging and interconnect technology that will dramatically lower the cost and offer vastly improved design flexibility to current and next generation optoelectronic subsystems. The focus of this proposed effort is the initiation of a qualification program for our LCP substrate technology with "near hermetic" optoelectronic packaging of a commercially viable package design. With the substrate technology maturing on the commercial front, most of the remaining technical challenges lie in the package lid development, reliable integration of optical pigtails and optical windows, and hermetic lid sealing to the LCP base substrate. (P-040204) |
| MP TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1801 Maple Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 256-7648
Dr. Vahid Yazdanpanah MDA 04-038 Selected for Award |
| Title: | The Growth of InAs/GaSb Type II Superlattices on Si Substrates for Infrared FPAs |
| Abstract: | High performance infrared detectors in the mid and long wavelength infrared (MWIR and LWIR) spectral bands are highly needed in a number of missile defense missions. Type II InAs/GaSb superlattices represent the most promising material system capable of delivering a more affordable and producible focal plane array (FPA) technology than the current technology, while at the same time exhibiting similar or better performance. Two of the major challenges in the realization of FPA in this system pertain to the unintentionally doped p-type GaSb substrate used in the growth of type II superlattices: its strong infrared absorption and its thermal mismatch with the silicon ROIC that leads to cracking and thus limits the FPA size. It is therefore proposed here to study the feasibility of growing type II InAs/GaSb superlattices on silicon substrates in spite of a lattice mismatch of ~11 %. The design and optimization of an appropriate buffer layer technique will be an essential part of the proposed work. |
| RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3267 Progress Drive Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 384-7840
Dr. Daniel P Rini MDA 04-038 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Innovative Diode Laser Pump Array for Directed Energy Weapons |
| Abstract: | Rini Technologies Inc. (RTI), proposals to demonstrate the feasibility of a new diode laser packaging concept that simultaneously features a lower thermal resistance, a simpler manufacturing process, an innovative beam shaping device, and a more compact cooling system than any diode package available today. Current programs to develop high power diode pumped solid state lasers for missile defense will benefit from a diode package with these improvements since the diode pumps are the "heart" of the laser system. This diode array concept uses an innovative optical element called a Beam Control Prism, in conjunction with a powerful thermal management technique, Evaporative Spray Cooling to produce the superior performance of the diode array. Phase I will focus on an experiment to demonstrate the abilities of the optical element and a diode array design to establish the Phase II prototype. RTI will partner with the University of Central Florida's School of Optics and diode laser manufacturers to help meet these goals |
| ZIA LASER, INC.
805 University Blvd. SE, Suite 105 Albuquerque, NM 87106 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 243-3070
Dr. Tom Tumolillo, Jr. MDA 04-038 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile Innovative Electro-Optic Products |
| Abstract: | The objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing infrared Focal Plane Arrays with extended Very Long Wavelength Infrared (VLWIR)in the 20 to 25 micron range, herby called Ultra Long Wavelength (ULWIR), with high operating temperature (HOT, T>80K). These detectors are based on intersubband transitions in self-assembled nanoscale quantum dots on GaAs substrates. The technology is expected to lower costs though leveraging of existing GaAs semiconductor technology and the large are wafer substrates commercially available which are useful for the production of large focal plane arrays economically. Moreover, an increase in the operating temperature from the current levels of 4-20 K required for other technologies in the ULWIR, to liquid nitrogen temperatures of 77K for the would lead to a reduction in the cost and complexity of the system. This will in turn enable enhancements to MDA's space based detection systems where the targets are cool and with low background irradiance levels |
| APPLIED PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS, L.C.
PO Box 341149 Austin, TX 78734 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 264-1804
Dr. Jon R. Mayes MDA 04-039 Awarded: 13MAY04 |
| Title: | Integrated Insulation Processing and Testing System |
| Abstract: | The Achilles heel in high voltage systems is with dielectric materials used for insulation. Liquid dielectrics offer advantages in self-healing and thermal management properties, but their dielectric strength is low. Liquid dielectrics also require ancillary devices for flowing and de-ionizing, and these systems are vulnerable to leaks in high-g environments. Solid dielectrics offer advantages in relatively high dielectric strengths and engineered properties of dielectric constants and thermal coefficients; however, their manufactured stock is limited and they most often require additional machining to "nearly" match the housing structure, which leads to voids, and ultimately, material failures (or mission failures). Furthermore, current testing methods for the solid dielectric materials is an antiquated process developed around the 60 Hz machine world and proves inadequate for pulse high voltage pulses ranging in frequency from 100 MHz to 12 GHz. Applied Physical Electronics, L.C. (APELC) proposes an Integrated Insulation Processing and Testing System (IIPTS) for engineering, testing, fabricating and verifying solid dielectric insulators for high voltage radar systems. The system proposes to test material properties at high voltages and with frequencies from 10 MHz to 12 GHz. |
| EMAG TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1340 Eisenhower Place Ann Arbor, MI 48108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(734) 973-6600
Dr. Alex Margomenos MDA 04-039 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile Innovative Radar and RF Products |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defense Agency, assigned with the extremely critical and highly complicated task of protecting the U.S. against ballistic and cruise missiles, has an urgent need for innovative Radar and RF components. In response to the above need, EMAG Technologies proposes to develop a Ku band (12-18 GHz) T/R module based on revolutionary concepts in packaging and three-dimensional integration that will reduce the RF communication package size and volume by two orders of magnitude. We will demonstrate these new technologies by building and characterizing a Ku-band component. The proposed transmit module will be fabricated on high resistivity silicon wafers using mature micromachining technologies which can produce: three-dimensional, high density interconnects, miniaturized antenna elements, on-wafer packaging, monolithically integrated passive elements, frequency downconversion, and adaptive beamforming at the IF. All these architectures can be integrated on a single chip thus forming miniaturized multi-chip modules with high performance and functionality. |
| HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP.
12 Elizabeth Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 250-3343
Mr. Mitchell Shifrin MDA 04-039 Awarded: 14MAY04 |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile Innovative Radar and RF Products |
| Abstract: | Radars for missiles and missile defense systems rely on phased array antennae and integrated T/R modules made of MMICs. As the missile defense scenario becomes increasingly complex to counter advanced threats, functions of microwave and millimeter-wave hardware becomes correspondingly complex posing a new challenge for large-scale integration, packaging, and reliability improvement. This proposal is addressed to those issues related to producibility and reliability of microwave packages. Several novel concepts are introduced as potential topics of investigation. Examples of novel concepts include: (1) single-planer integration of all RF circuits, including signal sources, for T/R modules,(2) development of T/R modules based on advanced wide band-gap semiconductors, and (3) radiation hardness and space qualification of devices made of novel semiconductor processes. Those advanced concepts will be evaluated to determine the benefit vis-…-vis current requirements and limitations, and a the Phase 1 effort will lead to definition of maximum pay-off approach to apply one or more of those advanced concepts. Hittite Microwave Corporation is a designer and supplier of MMICs and highly integrated and miniaturized microwave packages and assemblies. The proposed program will lead to simplification of manufacturing methods of high-density microwave assemblies for both military and commercial end-use applications. |
| INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR CORP.
22660 Executive Drive, Suite 101 Sterling, VA 20166 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 437-4000
Dr. Cengiz Balkas MDA 04-039 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile Innovative Radar and RF Products |
| Abstract: | Development of ultra pure silicon carbide (SiC) substrates that are electrically insulating will be pursued under the SBIR Phase I program. The Company has developed a unique and proprietary technique for making such substrates. A number of characterization tasks will also be performed on the wafers produced under to proposed effort. |
| MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP.
200 Yellow Place, Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 631-3550
Mr. Gregory S. Cole MDA 04-039 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Radar Performance Improvements with Nanotube Enhanced Spray Cooling |
| Abstract: | Mainstream has already demonstrated that active cooling systems can be used to increase the output power and the power added efficiency of gallium arsenide (GaAs), high power amplifier (HPA), monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) by 36% and 14%, respectively. Now, Mainstream has developed a new and highly innovative technology that will not only improve the performance, increase the reliability, and extend the life of ballistic missile radar systems but also reduce the size, weight, and power consumption of the active thermal management system. An innovative surface enhancement technology has been demonstrated that promotes nucleation and surface wetting in nucleate pool boiling. Because the nucleate boiling mechanism is also present in spray cooling, the potential to increase the two-phase heat transfer coefficient by 50% and decrease thermal management system power consumption by 18% exists. In Phase I, Mainstream will experimentally demonstrate the improved spray cooling technique on surface enhanced heaters to measure thermal improvements and on a surface enhanced GaAs HPA MMIC to measure RF improvements. In Phase II, the improved spray cooling technology will be applied to a radar system at the T/R module-level. |
| METAL MATRIX CAST COMPOSITES, LLC (
101 Clematis Avenue, Unit #1 Waltham, MA 02453 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 893-4449
Dr. James A. Cornie MDA 04-039 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Three-Stage Hybridization of Ultra High Thermal Conductivity Heat Sinks and Spreaders for Advanced Radar and RF Components |
| Abstract: | By combining discontinuous graphite fiber preforms with inserts of ultra high thermal conductivity materials, we will create hybridized composites with thermal expansion matching to GaAs, SiC or GaN semiconductor amplifiers in advanced radar systems. Specifically, we will use a conventional MetGraf 4-230 skin/encapsulant (first stage, thermal conductivity = 230 W/mK) with high conductivity preforms oriented in the "Z" (through thickness) direction (second stage, TC= 672 W/mK) to rapidly remove heat from the chip. The heat will then be transported by an ultra high thermal conductivity insert (third stage TC=1401 W/mK) from the heat source to the water cooled rail of the radar system. Using the hybridization concept with matching CTE, two interface materials and bonding agents can be eliminated, resulting in further performance increase and cost savings. We estimate that the thermal conductance of LRU (Least Replacement Units) in advanced radar systems can be increased by a factor of 3 to 8 over present systems. We will show feasibility for this concept with Al matrix composites. Once feasibility has been shown for the optimized system, the experiment will be repeated with a Cu matrix so as to increase the areas of application of the three-stage hybridization concept. |
| MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
5799L Burke Centre Parkway Burke, VA 22015 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 250-6485
Dr. Jose E. Velazco MDA 04-039 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Efficiency Extended Interaction X-band Amplifier |
| Abstract: | We propose the prototype development of an efficient extended-interaction X-band amplifier (EIXA) that will provide high power X-band radiation for space communications. The EIXA is based on the interaction between a high-frequency electron bunches and the electromagnetic fields of a very compact dielectric-lined waveguide. The dielectric waveguide is used to slow down the wave and to allow the efficient interaction of the electron bunches and the rf fields. Our initial studies show the EIXA to be twice as efficient as conventional helix traveling-wave tubes and less sensitive to shock and vibration, making the EIXA ideal for space applications. Detailed numerical and computational of this concept are proposed during Phase I in order to evaluate key issues such as bandwidth, saturated output power, efficiency and gain. Once successfully developed, the EIXA should be capable of replacing conventional traveling-wave tubes in telecommunication systems for future space applications by offering substantial improvements in size, weight, and especially efficiency over its counterparts. |
| MMICMAN, LLC
826 N. Red Robin St. Orange, CA 92869 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 980-3039
Mr. Rick Sturdivant MDA 04-039 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile High Power Amplifier Module |
| Abstract: | Current MDA phased array radar systems cost the US government hundreds of millions of dollars. In addition, these radar systems use electronics technology that is 20+ years old. As a result, the performance of these radars does not meet critical system goals such as array sensitivity. We propose to improve array system performance to meet current and future requirements while simultaneously reducing cost. An innovative low cost high power amplifier module research and development is proposed. Specifically the goals are to reduce phased array cost by a factor of 3-5, improve thermal performance by a factor of 10-20 and improve array manufacturability by a factor of 5. |
| MMICMAN, LLC
826 N. Red Robin St. Orange, CA 92869 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 980-3039
Mr. Rick Sturdivant MDA 04-039 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile Innovative Radar |
| Abstract: | Current MDA phased array radar systems cost the US government hundreds of millions of dollars. In addition, these radar systems use electronics technology that is 20+ years old. As a result, the performance of these radars does not meet critical system goals such as array sensitivity. We propose to improve array system performance to meet current and future requirements while simultaneously reducing cost by applying the most recent advances in electronic technology which includes our proprietary "Zero Thermal Path" T/R module technology. Specifically the goals are to reduce phased array cost by a factor of 3-5, improve thermal performance by a factor of 10-20 and improve array manufacturability by a factor of 5. |
| PROPAGATION RESEARCH ASSOC.
1711 Indian Ridge Dr. Woodstock, GA 30189 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(770) 528-7657
Mr. Neal Alexander MDA 04-039 Awarded: 04MAY04 |
| Title: | Efficient Radar Polarimeter Technology for Missile Defense |
| Abstract: | Propagation Research Associates, Inc., (PRA) proposes to develop radar polarimeter technology that will instantaneously measure the parameters of the Stokes vector or Polarization Scattering Matrix (PSM) of a target without requiring additional antennas or antenna elements in Missile Defense phased-array radars. The term `instantaneous' is used to mean that the parameters of the Stokes vector or PSM are measured with a single pulse and that the measurements all occur at the same time. The Stokes vector and PSM provide effective measures to detect and discriminate targets embedded in threat complexes. The PRA Radar Polarimeter and PRA Orthogonal Radar Polarimeter substantially reduce the cost of measuring polarization for large phased-array radars and provide instantaneous measurement of the Stokes vector and PSM components that are more reliable than conventional sequential measurement approaches. The innovative PRA radar polarimeter technology addresses a significant need in radar technology - the need to measure target polarimetrics instantaneously without increasing hardware cost, weight, and volume. PRA radar polarimeter technology will have direct applications to Missile Defense, where target detection and discrimination in a dynamic clutter environment is required. Also included are polarimeter designs for infrared and optical sensors that provide low-cost and efficient polarimeter technologies for these wavelengths. |
| Q-DOT, INC.
1069 Elkton Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80907 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 590-1112
Mr. Michael E. Harrell MDA 04-039 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Software-Defined Delta-Sigma Waveform Generator (DS WG) (9655) |
| Abstract: | Q-DOT proposes to develop a Software-Defined Delta-Sigma Waveform Generator (DS-WG) for advanced MDA ballistic missile defense systems. This approach can be used to generate diverse waveforms from UHF to X-band. The proposed effort has the potential to reduce the size, power and cost of waveform generation for communications and radar systems while increasing reliability. This approach offers miniature generation of modern spectrally efficient waveforms for telemetry of communications as well as radar waveforms like linear FM and pulsed CW. The approach offers the signal quality (110 dBc SFDR and low noise floor) for usage in the receive path as a local oscillator. The DS WG can be used to augment phased array beamforming systems with a communications function. Die-level packaging makes the approach compatible with integration into an X-band T/R module. The single-chip, low-power approach greatly reduces costs, a key requirement for large phased array radar systems. The approach is compliant with JTRS's SCA mandate. Under Phase I, Q-DOT will characterize the DS WG approach for a broad set of waveforms and determine an optimum architecture for the DS WG. Circuit-simulations will be performed to determine the feasibility and performance of this approach for the waveforms of interest. Under Phase II prototype circuits will be fabricated and demonstrated. |
| RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3267 Progress Drive Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 384-7840
Dr. Daniel P Rini MDA 04-039 Awarded: 22APR04 |
| Title: | Heat Spreader for High Power Amplifier Device Material Stack-up |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a novel cost-effective process to produce carbon nanotube enhanced copper nanocomposites with ultra high thermal conductivity. The process can also tailor the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to match those of all semiconductors. This new nanocomposite is well suited for heat spreading directly under high power RF devices to avoid large temperature gradients. The technique can be also used to produce flow structures such as microchannels for the thermal management of high-voltage GaAs and other WBG power amplifiers that operate at very high power densities. In Phase I, we will demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite can be more than twice as high as that of copper. While the carbon nanotubes are aligned in the fabrication process, a woven structure can be designed so that the nanocomposite can achieve effective heat spreading in all directions. We will also demonstrate that the CTE of the nanocomposite can be controlled to match those of semiconductors, thus significantly improving the reliability of the radar T/R modules. The effectiveness of this new material as a heat spreader will be demonstrated experimentally. The goal of the overall effort (Phase I and beyond) is to produce a thermal management subsystem that can enhance performance of T/R modules while lowering their production cost. |
| SEMISOUTH LABORATORIES
One Research Blvd., Suite 201B Starkville, MS 39759 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(662) 324-7607
Mr. Igor Sankin MDA 04-039 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Self-aligned L-band SiC Power MESFET with Improved Current Stability for Ballistic Missile Defense Systems |
| Abstract: | In coordination with other ONR and MDA sponsored SiC MESFET development, SemiSouth proposes development of an improved, L or S-band designed SiC MESFET which focuses on a self-aligned process. This self-aligned process requires development of a high-uniformity gate recess etch and an improved, smoother surface silicide process. This work complements ongoing work involving a major prime contractor on SiC MESFET's for long-range radar systems, where SemiSouth is focused on developing highly uniform MESFET epitaxy layers, and SiC MESFET passivation schemes. |
| HUDSON RESEARCH, INC.
P.O. Box C New Rochelle, NY 10804 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(914) 576-7990
Mr. Curtis Birnbach MDA 04-040 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Adaptable Real-time Fourier Processor |
| Abstract: | Fourier signal processing is an enabling technology that applies to three of the identified technology areas in BAA HQ0006-02-AC-BAA. These include (1) Radar Systems Signal Processing, (2) Lasers & Electro-optics; Optical Signal Processing, and (3) Mathematics and Computer Processing. Drawing on work done in medical signal processing, we seek to expand the Fourier processing technology developed for cardiology to military applications. During the course of developing the medical optical signal processor, it was noted that the adaptive spatial filter that had been developed for cardiology and retinal imaging was applicable to the exploitation of aerial photographs & images. This was determined to be due to the similarity in the Fourier power spectra of the medical and reconnaissance image |
| NUONICS, INC.
3361 Rouse Road, Suite 170 Orlando, FL 32817 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 381-1663
Dr. Nabeel A. Riza MDA 04-040 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Super Resolution Long Delay Variable Optical Delay Line for RF Radar |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project deals with a unique variable optical delay line technology applicable to MDA TMD and NMD radar program activities such as the PATRIOT Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missile system, Navy Area Wide AEGIS/Standard Missile System, and the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) System. This delay line technology can simultaneously provide both high resolution time delay and long time delays for the RF signals in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands. It is assembled from compact optical devices and fiber-optics, leading to a low loss high performance and scalable module for radar. The module features high resolution sub-picosecond variable delays with long delays only limited by fiber length and inherent loss. This delay line can be used for applications such as photonic beamforming for microwave radars and for conducting radar testing. Phase I research will concentrate on the basic proposed module and its proof of concept experimental demonstration. Groundwork will be laid to indicate technical concept feasibility that will lead to a Phase II plan for prototyping and development. |
| PHASE IV SYSTEMS, INC.
3405 Triana Boulevard Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 535-2100
Dr. Robert H. Fletcher MDA 04-040 Awarded: 14APR04 |
| Title: | Advanced Waveform Processing |
| Abstract: | Radar pulse compression waveforms can be processed with the waveform's "matched filter" to provide the optimum detection performance of a target in the presence of white Gaussian noise. Unfortunately, these optimally processed waveforms also exhibit undesired spurious responses called time (or range) sidelobes, which can significantly degrade the detection of small radar targets in the vicinity of large returns. This SBIR considers a general technique for suppressing the time sidelobes of any waveform (LFM, m-sequence, chaotic, etc.) with a minimum loss in sensitivity and resolution. The method uses a constrained optimization algorithm to compute the filter response function that provides the maximum output SNR subject to constraints on the allowed levels of the time sidelobes. As an example, the type of sidelobe suppression achievable with a 63-bit m-sequence code reduces sidelobes from -21 dB to -40 dB with a small SNR loss of only 1.2 dB, as compared to the matched filter. An additional benefit of this approach is that the sidelobe control is very flexible. It need not be symmetric about the main response, and it can include deeper notches in regions of special interest. Moreover, for certain processor implementations the increased capability is achieved with no additional real-time processing requirements. |
| SCIENTIFIC MATERIALS CORP.
310 Icepond Road Bozeman, MT 59715 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 585-3772
Dr. Randy R. Reibel MDA 04-040 Awarded: 04MAY04 |
| Title: | Multi-band Range and Doppler Processing Using S2-CHIP Technology |
| Abstract: | The scope of this proposed effort is to design and demonstrate a multi-band (S and X), wide instantaneous bandwidth (>1 GHz S-band and >2 GHz at X-band) range processor utilizing S2-CHIP technology. S2-CHIP, termed for spatial spectral coherent holographic integrating processor, is an analog optical signal processor that has the ability to process coherent multi-band, ultra-wide-bandwidth radar return signals in real time for range and Doppler target discrimination and identification. The proposed proof-of-concept demonstration, along with device modeling and analysis, will show the capability of the S2-CHIP technology to simultaneously process these bands in one volume of S2 material and provide validated projections of the performance of such an ultra-wideband coherent processor. We will work with MDA on important system specifications, such as types of broadband codes, bandwidths and RF frequencies, as well as to identify system critical performance metrics. Utilizing current S2-CHIP models, we will simulate our systems specific performance and compare it with demonstrated results. Under Phase II we will begin design and development of a full system prototype that will enable multi-band range and Doppler extraction. |
| ACELLENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
155C-3 Moffett Park Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 745-7924
Dr. Scott Peck MDA 04-041 Awarded: 15APR04 |
| Title: | Structural Health Monitoring System for Rocket Motor Cases |
| Abstract: | Filament wound fiber reinforced composite rocket motor cases are widely used on MDA missile systems. However, significant performance and behavior characteristics of the composite structure can be affected by degradation resulting from exposure to environmental conditions or damage resulting from handling conditions. Fueling of the rocket motor adds an additional complexity in that inspection of the interior becomes impossible while creating the possibility of disbonds between the case and fuel. These factors can have potentially catastrophic consequences for the missile performance. The primary focus of this project will be the application of Acellent's SMART Layer technology to rocket motor case structural health monitoring. Pratt & Whitney Space Propulsion, located in San Jose, CA has agreed to be the OEM application. The project will develop and test a structural health monitoring system for the Pratt & Whitney the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) or Ground Based, Mid-Course Defense (GMD) rocket motor cases. |
| COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, I
2600 Campus Drive, Suite D Lafayette, CO 80026 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 664-0394
Dr. Kaushik Mallick MDA 04-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Continuum Theory for Linerless Composite Tank Design |
| Abstract: | In Phase I, CTD will identify design and operational requirements for linerless composite tanks, and will define structural analysis approaches for these tanks incorporating Multi-Continuum Theory (MCT). CTD will use MCT in conjunction with conventional structural analysis to predict the damage states, permeability and leakage probability, failure and fatigue life characteristics of linerless composite tanks. |
| M CUBED TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
921 Main St Monroe, CT 06468 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(302) 454-8600
Dr. Prashant G. Karandikar MDA 04-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High toughness reaction bonded composites |
| Abstract: | M Cubed manufactures many commercial components out of reaction bonded SiC and B4C on a large scale. The key advantages of these materials are high specific stiffness (high modulus and low density) and high thermal stability (high thermal conductivity and low CTE). However, these materials have limited toughness precluding their use in many potential applications including some missile defense components which need Be replacement. M Cubed proposes an innovative modification of these materials to impart them high toughness. In the Phase I program, M Cubed has teamed up with a major MDA prime contractor and a leading University to prove the feasibility of the proposed toughening approach. In this program, the toughness enhancement will be demonstrated first. Next, a subscale demonstration component will be fabricated for characterization by the MDA prime contractor. |
| MATERIALS SCIENCES CORP.
500 Office Center Drive Fort Washington, PA 19034 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(215) 542-8400
Dr. Sailendra N. Chatterjee MDA 04-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile System Composite Materials and Structures - NDE for Porosity (MSC P1F46-411) |
| Abstract: | Pulse echo ultrasonic waveform measurements will be used for NDE of composites for quantification of porosity. A software based on statistical and mathematical methods will be developed for identifying the time regions of interest (the echo region), denoising the signal and analyzing the processed signals at a cluster of stations (in frequency domain) using multivariate regression analysis. The objective is to reduce the scatter in measured attenuation. Data will be obtained from a selected number of samples from composites of interest (those processed using automated fabrication methods, such as resin transfer molding, are of greatest concern because of expected large porosity content) and the usefulness of the NDE method and data processing methodology will be demonstrated. Correlation with measured porosity with attenuation (or attenuation maps) will be performed based on the attenuation at a single frequency or the rate of change of attenuation with frequency in the range where the data analysis will indicate the region of highest feature relevance. Refinement of the technology is the goal of Phase II along with the detail of cost of implementation of the NDE method. |
| MENTIS SCIENCES, INC.
150 Dow Street, Tower Two Manchester, NH 03101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 624-9197
Mr. John J. Dignam MDA 04-041 Awarded: 14MAY04 |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile System Composite Materials and Structures |
| Abstract: | igh performance interceptors have been pushing material designers to develop low cost radome solutions for the last several decades. Many solutions have been examined and engineered such as silica-silica, Pyroceram, IRBAS, GD-1, Rayceram, and SiN to name a few. Hit-to-kill mission designers have been increasingly pushing the envelope, much to material designers dismay. Despairingly, there has not been one material out of the entire family of ceramic radome solutions that has been a general solution for all mission criteria. Similarly, composite designers have not faired any better. Organic based composite laminates are suitable for low temperature (< 650øF) , low frequency (L,C, and S Band) applications but cannot survive the structural and electrical mission requirements at elevated temperatures. Inorganic laminates, similar to the MSI's quartz/polysiloxane solution can survive temperatures up through 1500øF for short durations (less than 180 seconds), however extending the footprint much beyond those parameters is suspect at this time. MSI's solution has not been subjected to parameters beyond these extremes. The intent of this proposal is to extend the footprint (illustrated in Figure 1.0) of MSI's composite radome solution using a reaction bonded silicon nitride as reinforcement in the laminate. |
| METAL MATRIX CAST COMPOSITES, LLC (
101 Clematis Avenue, Unit #1 Waltham, MA 02453 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 893-4449
Dr. James A. Cornie MDA 04-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Conductivity Hybridized Graphite Reinforced Al Heat Sinks for Advanced Interceptor Missile Systems |
| Abstract: | Hybrid metal matrix composites are offered to meet the needs of high thermal conductivity heat sinks for electronic processors in advanced interceptor systems. MMCC's graphite fiber reinforced composite MetGraf 4-230 will serve as a skin to highly conductive cores of advanced graphitic materials. In plane thermal conductivity will be from 560 to 1120 W/mK while high through thermal conductivity paths of ~500 W/mK are selectively located under devices generating waste heat. Special design of "Z" sinking inserts will lead to highly efficient heat transfer into graphitic materials that normally have very low transverse thermal conductivity. The use of MetGraf 4-230 as a skin will eliminate the tendency of delamination of the graphitic insert and resultant thermal decoupling and will result in a robust, damage tolerant part. Further, the CTE matching will permit hard bonding to electronic devices which in turn, will result in lower contact resistance and lower junction temperatures in the electronic devices. Three alternative hybridizing insert materials will be investigated and characterized. Prototypes of each candidate system will be manufactured by the near net shape Advanced Pressure Infiltration Casting Process (APICT) for evaluation by the prime contractor. |
| SAN DIEGO COMPOSITES, LLC
1940 Garnet Avenue, Suite 207 San Diego, CA 92109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 270-1280
Ms. Christine Benzie MDA 04-041 Awarded: 04MAY04 |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile System Composite Integrated Missile Harness Fairing Assembly |
| Abstract: | The proposed development effort will demonstrate a lower cost, more reliable manufacturing approach for providing electrical continuity between the missile electronics and the propulsion sections for the Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI) program. The Integrated Missile Harness Fairing Assembly (IMHFA) is a design and manufacturing concept where the electrical interconnect assembly and fairing are fabricated as an integrated unit. Flex cables in foam sandwich with integral connectors are co-cured in a composite laminate. The assembly is fabricated and quality tested off-line of the missile primary assembly line, affording a lower risk and more rapid modular assembly line approach. In addition to increased electrical reliability, the concept will reduce cost and on some missiles will improve aerodynamics due to the conforming shape of the IMHFA. This Phase I program will develop a design concept for the KEI using a design for manufacturing and assembly process, will select materials, will analytically verify the structural approach, and will fabricate a sub-scale demonstration article. |
| SMAHT CERAMICS, INC.
181 W. 1700 S. Salt Lake City, UT 84115 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(801) 483-3100
Mr. Rama Nageswaran MDA 04-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced, Reinforced-NZP Composites for Ballistic Missile Components & Structures |
| Abstract: | The next generation of ballistic missiles will require materials which are light-weight and have high-temperature resistance to withstand heating caused by the extreme velocity and harsh environments. In general, ceramic materials satisfy the above requirements for missile applications. More specifically, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) comprising matrices and fibers which have good thermo-mechanical and dielectric properties are extremely attractive for use as radomes, propulsion / control system components, and thermal protection structures. Candidate matrix materials for such CMCs can be derived from a new class of crystalline ceramics viz. NZPs (sodium zirconium phosphate ceramics) which have low thermal conductivity, excellent thermal shock resistance, strength retention to high temperatures (1400,aC), and melt temperatures > 1800,aC. They typically also exhibit low density and low thermal expansion, which enables .low thermal-stress" design of structural components. Unfortunately, the mechanical properties of such NZP materials are not adequate to meet the current designs of missiles, and advanced aerospace components. SMAHT Ceramics Inc., therefore, proposes to develop an innovative SiC fiber-reinforced NZP composite technology that combines highly desirable materials attributes such as low density, low thermal expansion, excellent thermal shock resistance, high toughness, high temperature creep resistance and high melt temperature with low cost composite processing. |
| SUMMA TECHNOLOGY, INC.
140 Sparkman Drive Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 830-7130
Mr. Jim Smith MDA 04-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ballistic Missile System Composite Materials and Structures |
| Abstract: | SUMMA Technology, Inc. (SUMMA), along with its subcontractor Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company (LMSSC), propose to reduce the weight and complexity of the next generation THAAD interceptor All Up Round (AUR), associated support equipment and structure design. The current Engineering Manufacturing Devlopment (EMD) THAAD AUR consists of a single missile in a single canister. Eight (8) AURs are mounted to a missile round pallet (MRP) which becomes the basic package of THAAD firepower. The MRP is the package, handling and storage platform that interfaces with the Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT) based launcher. The next generation THAAD interceptor (Block 08/10 will be designed to engage longer-range threats, including ICBMs, and will be larger and heavier than the current EMD interceptor. In order to maintain the firepower of at least 6 interceptors on the HEMTT, the single missile/single canister AUR design approach must be abandoned in favor of a more integrated approach. The proposed effort will incorporate the canisters and MRP into an integrated "6-pack" configuration to interface with the existing or slightly modified HEMTT. The goal is to streamline the system, satisfy transportation and safety requirements and to lower the cost of system ownership. |
| TREX ENTERPRISES CORP.
10455 Pacific Center Court San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(808) 245-6465
Dr. Colby A. Foss, Jr. MDA 04-041 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Chemical Vapor Composite (CVC) Materials for Divert and Attitude Control Systems (DACS) |
| Abstract: | A study of the application of the CVC process to DACS thruster nozzle fabrication is proposed. CVC offers the benefits of conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in terms of high material purity and related high temperature performance, but does so without the high residual stress associated with CVD. The CVC process also allows net shape deposition of items of complex geometry, thus reducing the costs of machining hard ceramics. Trex CVC SiC has exhibited superior high temperature properties relative to SiC components manufactured via other methods. The proposed Phase I study therefore focuses on: 1) the development of reactor fixtures for net shape deposition of SM3 DACS nozzles composed of CVC SiC; 2) the fabrication of prototype CVC SiC nozzle structures, and 3) the analysis of the material quality of the deposited component. A fourth task will be a design study on the modification of our reactors to produce CVC TaC and W components. The potential benefits of this study include: 1) DACS components with greatly reduced material erosion, and therefore improved operational projectile range and accuracy, and 2) a knowledge base for the extension of net shape CVC deposition to ultra high temperature ceramics for aluminized propellant applications. |
| VANGUARD COMPOSITES GROUP/DR TECHNO
5550 Oberlin Drive, Suite B San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 587-4210
Mr. Matt Thompson MDA 04-041 Awarded: 27APR04 |
| Title: | Low Cost, High Performance Integral Composite Shroud for the Kinetic Energy Interceptor Kill Vehicle |
| Abstract: | The missile defense ground-based Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI) system will intercept and destroy threat vehicles in their boost phase of flight. The KEI mission results in system requirements for forward basing, transportability and mobility, higher accelerations and closing velocities, greater cross-range, and lightweight systems, as well as the need for lower cost and producible systems. The KEI Kill Vehicle (KV) must be protected by a shroud during its flight through the atmosphere. The shroud must be lightweight, exhibit high thermal/ablation performance to protect the KV from aerodynamic heating, and high strength to survive launch loads and ensure separation from the KV without causing damage. Conventional shroud structural approaches use either heavy metallic or tape-wound composite substructures with a secondarily-bonded heatshield. An alternative integrated composite heatshield and substructure shroud approach is proposed that eliminates the secondary heatshield-substructure secondary bonding operation, reduces manufacturing costs, increases the temperature capability, reduces shroud weight, and still provides high performance thermal/ablation and strength properties for the KEI KV. A program is proposed to develop and demonstrate a low cost high performance integrated composite substructure and heatshield design using a High Performance Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer molding composites manufacturing process (HyPerVARTM) for the high performance KEI KV shroud application. The Phase I program will demonstrate feasibility of the HyPerVARTM integrated composite shroud approach by developing the conceptual design and manufacturing process and conducting subscale fabrication demonstrations and material properties testing for the KEI KV shroud application. A Phase II program will develop and demonstrate the HyPerVARTM integrated composite shroud manufacturing process through design, fabrication, and structural test of full-scale test articles representative of the KEI KV shroud. |
| EUTECUS, INC.
5802 Cannonade Court, Austin, Texas 76746 Austin, TX 76746 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 327-0421
Dr. Csaba Rekeczky MDA 04-042 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Adaptive Computing for Surveillance and Seeker Applications |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defence Agency (MDA) calls for novel adaptive computing solutions on either analog and/or digital architectures designed for ballistic missile defence (BMD) surveillance and missile seeker applications. It seeks for approaches and methods that may be attractive not only to satellites and interceptors, but also to UAV/UCAV platforms. We are proposing novel algorithmic frameworks for moving platforms (UAV types) relying on a standalone compact vision system built from state of the art commercial-off-the shelf (COTS) and military-off-the shelf (MOTS) components. We are proposing an efficient adaptive algorithmic framework for process real-time applications making an optimal use of the available computing power reaching some specific task related goals. Relying on appropriate strategies spatial resolution/temporal rate can be traded against computational complexity; sensitivity against robustness in an adaptive process. In our algorithmic framework a spatial multi-grid computing is placed within a temporal multi-rate structure and at each spatial grid point the computation is based on an adaptive multi-scale approach. The algorithms assume a reconfigurable analogic hardware architecture consisting of a high resolution optical sensor, a low resolution cellular sensor-processor and a digital signal processor. The proposed framework makes the acquisition of a spatio-temporally consistent image flow possible even in case of extreme variations and ideally supports the handling of various difficult problems on a moving platform including terrain/target identification, navigation parameter estimation and multi-target tracking. |
| TESSERA, INC.
3099 Orchard Drive San Jose, CA 95134 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 952-4357
Mr. Steve Huang MDA 04-042 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of a Versatile Reconfigurable Computing Platform for Surveillance and Seeker Applications |
| Abstract: | Typical surveillance and seeker information processing platforms today use general-purpose computer architectures or custom, application specific architectures to execute signal-processing algorithms specific to a particular application (image/signal processing, data compression, encryption/decryption). The commodity architecture severely limits performance of computationally intensive applications by forcing the software programs to use a rigid architecture not optimized for any specific application. The custom architectures are inflexible with long and costly development cycles. SRC Computers Inc. has successfully fielded a new computer architecture that combines reconfigurable hardware with standard microprocessors to provide reconfigurability while maintaining standard programming models and languages. The system is programmed through the use of standard C or FORTRAN programming languages, making the architecture transparent to the programmer. SRC's reconfigurable computing system can support a broad range of high-performance applications, including demanding data processing applications such as those needed surveillance and seeker platforms. For this Phase I effort, Tessera, Inc. along with SRC Computers Inc. propose to survey MDA surveillance and seeker platforms and with the cooperation of a surveillance or seeker system supplier develop a design for a compact reconfigurable computer, based on SRC architecture, compatible with SRC compiler and software tools to be integrated into a selected platform. To meet the form-factor and environmental requirements, Tessera will apply its proven advanced system packaging and chip interconnect technologies to allow a miniaturized modular reconfigurable computing platform suitable for the application. |
| COMPUTER SCIENCE INNOVATIONS, INC.
1235 Evans Road Melbourne, FL 32904 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 676-2923
Mr. John C. Day MDA 04-043 Awarded: 07MAY04 |
| Title: | Range Operations Data Extraction and Ontology (RODEO) System |
| Abstract: | Computer Science Innovations, Inc. (CSI) proposes to research and develop the Range Operations Data Extraction and Ontology (RODEO) System. RODEO encompasses an ontology for the space launch and range operations domain, an information extraction subsystem (IES) to identify relevant concepts in structured and unstructured data, and an information management subsystem (IMS) to facilitate user access and capability to use relevant information sources. CSI proposes an ontology-based approach to provide a practical and scaleable solution to integrating unstructured data with structured data from multiple data sources situated in diverse organizations that support the 45th Space Wing (45 SW). Currently, integration of information from the numerous diverse sources is predominantly a manual, paper-based process. RODEO research will extend CSI's leading edge graph theoretic knowledge representation and processing and information extraction (IE) technologies which are based on a hybridized symbolic/statistical approach to NLP, thereby improving overall accuracy and flexibility. Successful research will facilitate future applications that require enhanced precision and recall beyond today's "state of the art". A preliminary ontology and feasibility prototype will be developed under the Phase I program, along with an architectural blueprint for the system to be developed under a subsequent Phase II program. |
| KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC.
1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 260-5274
Dr. Perakath Benjamin MDA 04-043 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Ontology Driven Integration Framework (ODIF) |
| Abstract: | This project will research, design, and demonstrate an innovative Ontology Driven Integration Framework (ODIF). We propose a hybrid approach that combines knowledge extraction techniques with ontology analysis methods to extract semantic information from distributed, unstructured text sources and that rapidly deploys this knowledge for knowledge sharing and integration for space launch and range operations applications. The Phase I effort will (i) establish ODIF requirements, (ii) formulate knowledge extraction and integration methods, (iii) design the ODIF architecture, and (iii) build and demonstrate prototype ODIF. The Phase II project will harden the software and demonstrate its benefits on a focused space launch and range operations military application leading to rapid technology transition and commercialization. Key innovations include (i) novel application of ontology-assisted text mining methods for knowledge extraction from unstructured text sources; (ii) advanced ontology conflict analysis and mapping methods to facilitate semantic information integration and information sharing; (iii) novel, scalable agent-based software design strategy that will facilitate rapid and cost effective integration and deployment of the solution into military space transportation applications; (iv) novel machine learning and self adaptation mechanisms that will enable the automatic revisions to the extracted knowledge in uncertain and dynamic environments. |
| MODUS OPERANDI, INC.
122 Fourth Avenue Indialantic, FL 32903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(321) 984-3370
Mr. Mark Wallace MDA 04-043 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ranger: Spaceport Knowledge Discovery Tools |
| Abstract: | This Ranger Phase I SBIR proposes an innovative approach to extracting knowledge from unstructured and semi-structured documents in order to meet critical needs of both government and commercial organizations. This SBIR will specifically address the needs of the 45th Space Wing (45 SW) of the Air Force Space Command. 45 SW provides space launch and range support for the Air Force, DoD, civil, and commercial customers. A key goal of this SBIR is to provide a solution that fits into the 45 SW's Knowledge Management Framework. The 45 SW envisions a single integrated range picture serving critical information needs for the entire spaceport community. This effort will tackle a key challenge in making the vision a reality, which is to extract knowledge from the wealth of unstructured and semi-structured information sources. Ranger will link these sources with structured sources via a unifying enterprise model. Ranger's API make this unified view available to both application developers and to users who want to search for information. |
| STREAMSAGE
1016 16th St., NW, 2nd Floor Washington, DC 20036 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 722-2440
Dr. Tony Davis MDA 04-043 Awarded: 07MAY04 |
| Title: | Property-Based Hierarchy Construction and Unified Missile Defense Ontology |
| Abstract: | Technologies in the field of information retrieval, knowledge management, and communication technology currently face fundamental barriers, particularly in knowledge resource generation and machine language understanding, denying government and industry access to critical information resources. StreamSage proposes to solve these problems with its Property-Based Hierarchy Construction system, the first automatic ontology generator to successfully accomplish the following: extract, align, and organize all relevant space launch and range concepts into a Unified Missile Defense Ontology; associate relevant documents as well as contextually relevant sections of those documents with each concept in the ontology; and provide a bridge between structured and unstructured data by relating both to the searchable and browsable UMDO. StreamSage currently possesses state-of-the-art tools for several key component problems, which it will employ to overcome the three fundamental barriers to ontology generation: word sense ambiguity, term redundancy, and automatic learning of ontological relations, through a path-breaking combination of mutual-information, term-clustering, word sense disambiguation, and text-mining techniques. This project will not only overcome existing knowledge management barriers, but will enable future capabilities such as automatic domain updates, personalized information delivery, and automatic mission-crucial information discovery and extraction. |
| ISX CORP.
760 Paseo Camarillo, Ste. 401 Camarillo, CA 93010 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 484-6100
Mr. Justin Donnelly MDA 04-044 Awarded: 07MAY04 |
| Title: | Fuselet Runtime Execution and Management Environment (FREeME) |
| Abstract: | FREeME will provide a Fuselet runtime environment for JBI systems. This environment will incorporate end-to-end security, logging, and fuselet management and administration capabilities. FREeME will build upon previous ISX work on the GE/ISX Fuselet Development Environment, and make use of industry standard tools such as Jython, the Java Cryptography Architecture and the Java Logging API. ISX will build prototype modules to test ways of integrating these capabilities together into a fuselet runtime engine. These prototypes will be built so they can be reused as the foundation of any Phase II effort. ISX will also work closely with the JBI development team and IMS Administrators to facilitate their needs in all aspects of the fuselet runtime system and administration and logging tools. With the addition of FREeME, the JBI will become an even more effective system integration tool, capable of providing flexible, high speed horizontal integration capabilities to a wide range of platforms. This melding of systems will be very important in modern Ballistic Missile Defense where many disjoint systems need to be brought together to provide the robust information infrastructure required to effectively combat both potential and realized threats. |
| ORIELLE, LLC
PO Box 8922 Moscow, ID 83843 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(208) 892-0667
Mr. Peter Mills MDA 04-044 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Aspect-Oriented Secure Fuselet Runtime Environment |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a secure runtime environment for fuselet-based missile targeting and threat analysis built on a foundation of aspect-oriented secure web services. Aspect-oriented techniques enable the modularization of crosscutting concerns such as remote access, security, transactions, and monitoring. We will compose aspect-oriented instrumentation with distributed object technologies in a noninvasive and orthogonal manner, and leverage this infrastructure to build the server and remote administration tools required for the secure registration, execution, control, and monitoring of fuselets that subscribe to multiple sensor sources and publish decision-quality missile threat and targeting information. In particular we will address the needs for cross-platform interoperability as well as the fine-grained demands of tracking and data fusion in the MDA application domain. Our efforts will have significant impact in realizing a compact and high-performance architecture for fuselet execution that can adapt to a wide range of security mechanisms and service substrates, and will enable the viable application of JBI fuselet technologies to the domain of missile defense. |
| ISAC, INC.
6275 University Drive, Suite 37, #305 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 457-6537
Ms. Marilyn McAllister MDA 04-045 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Missile-in Flight Communication Alternatives |
| Abstract: | In the Missile In Flight Communications Alternatives (MCA) Phase I SBIR, ISAC proposes to examine a variety of beyond line of site communications alternatives for missile-in-flight communications. As part of this Phase I, ISAC will examine the unique communications link requirements imposed by the "Shoutback" concept. ISAC will also examine new and emerging alternatives that will be provided by the National Security Space Transformation Communications Architecture beginning in 2006. These alternatives include Advanced Wideband, Advanced EHF, Military Users Objective System (MOUS), and high altitude airship relays. ISAC will evaluate communications alternatives in the radio frequency (RF) and Optical (LASER Communications) portions of the spectrum. In conducting an analysis of communications alternatives, ISAC will combine evaluation criteria developed by the National Space Architect and MDA unique evaluation criteria. The alternatives must provide the following minimum essential capabilities: low latency, sufficient capacity (bandwidth), adequate coverage (footprint), availability of spectrum, high reliability in the presence of Information Warfare (IW) attacks, and meet the specific form, fit and function constraints imposed on missiles in flight (size, weight, etc). The completed Phase I will result in the selection of one or more alternatives to carry forward into a Phase II proof of principle demonstration. |
| SKYSENTRY LIMITED LIABILITY CO.
5341 Gulf of Mexico Drive Longboat Key, FL 34228 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 495-7856
Mr. Charlie Lambert MDA 04-045 Awarded: 30APR04 |
| Title: | Communication Alternatives for Missile Communications |
| Abstract: | Now that the ABM Treaty is defunct, an opportunity exists to consider an efficient missile defense communications architecture, which could link the missile interceptor to sensors and nodes, over-the-horizon, using MDA's high altitude airship as a relay platform. This proposal focuses on one important aspect of the whole architecture--over-the-horizon connectivity to the interceptor. In the first phase, an optimum methodology for performing tradeoff studies for alternatives to connect interceptors to ground nodes and sensors will be identified. Physical specifications and joint military utility aspects of communications schemes will be considered. Once the tradeoff methodology is identified, a couple candidate schemes will be chosen for total connectivity evaluation. Since MDA's airship offers great potential as an over-the-horizon communications link, challenges to integrating comm nodes on the airship will also be analyzed. In the final phase, comm nodes will be acquired, mounted on the airship and flown over the missile defense testbed. |
| DYNAMICS TECHNOLOGY, INC.
21311 Hawthorne Blvd., Suite 300 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 841-0990
Dr. David L. McNamara MDA 04-046 Awarded: 14MAY04 |
| Title: | Reconfigurable Computing for Missile C4I |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defense Agency is developing a Decision Architecture that utilizes a Bayesian Network (BN) model to integrate the information from sensors and provide estimates of the state of the threat. This operation must be carried out in real-time. The Bayesian networks used in the Decision Architecture are complex, owing to the large number of variables involved in describing a missile defense engagement and threat characteristics. The computational complexity of exact BN evaluation algorithms precludes them from being used in this context. Approximate BN evaluation algorithms suffer from problems since it is generally not possible to accurately constrain their errors since their performance is model and data dependent. Given the difficulties in identifying an algorithmic solution it is natural to investigate hardware capabilities that can support the real-time evaluation of complex Bayesian networks in missile defense applications. Dynamics Technology Inc. proposes to investigate the potential for utilizing reconfigurable hardware to support the efficient evaluation of Bayesian network models. Preliminary investigations indicated that Bayesian network evaluation algorithms exhibit characteristics that can be exploited by customized architectures. The Phase I effort will further refine this concept, determine its feasibility and lay the groundwork for developing a prototype system in Phase II. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. Robin L. Coxe MDA 04-046 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reconfigurable Computing for Missile C4I |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to design and demonstrate a Reconfigurable Computing Appliance for Smart Munitions (RCA-SM) to be embedded in future weapons systems. The RCA-SM hardware will be optimized for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I) applications, specifically on-board anomaly detection, data compression, and digital communications via a software radio transceiver to and from a command center on the ground prior to target engagement. Adaptive, reconfigurable computing technologies, such as the Xilinx Virtex-II and Virtex-II Pro reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) that will act as the processing elements from the RCA-SM, are ideally suited to meet the processing needs of sensor suites on smart missile systems. Requirements for near-real time sensor-to-shooter feedback mechanisms, as well as automatic imagery-, laser-, or GPS-guided targeting capabilities are becoming compulsory for future munitions systems. Steadily increasing sensor data rates and limited on-board storage resources and downlink bandwidth necessitate some degree of in situ data processing and/or compression. The RCA-SM will not only decreases acquisition costs due to the more generic, flexible nature of the processing elements, but also will extend the operational lifetime of the system by enabling in-field and in-mission upgrades. |
| SEAKR ENGINEERING, INC.
6221 S. Racine Circle Centennial, CO 80111 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 784-7671
Mr. Damon Van Buren MDA 04-046 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reconfigurable Computing for Missile C4I |
| Abstract: | Reconfigurable computing offers high performance and adaptability for missile C4I applications, by merging the speed of custom digital circuits with the flexibility of software. Recent improvements have been made in development environments for reconfigurable computing, which allow designers to use High Order Languages (HOLs), simulate at higher speeds, and easily co-simulate hardware and software. SEAKR's product line of flight qualified RCC hardware, and experience with HOL tools, make it an ideal choice to perform this SBIR. SEAKR has implemented numerous designs in RCC FPGAs, to perform functions such as image compression, and digital signal processing, among others. SEAKR has delivered over 60 systems, over 40 of which have flown in space applications. SEAKR has also delivered hundreds of boards for C-17 upgrades. For this SBIR, SEAKR will investigate the current state of the art in reconfigurable hardware and development software. The results of this investigation will be used to specify a development environment (HW and SW) for Phase II. SEAKR will also select several missile C4I applications to be implemented in Phase II. Finally, SEAKR will use its existing RCC hardware and development environment to create a demonstration of C4I applications for Phase I. |
| EDAPTIVE COMPUTING, INC.
1245 Lyons Road, Building G Dayton, OH 45458 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 433-0477
Mr. David Barton MDA 04-047 Awarded: 22MAR04 |
| Title: | Execution of High Level Specifications for Simulation Based Acquisition |
| Abstract: | New software development processes depend on accurate specifications; the ability to execute or animate specifications expressed in a lightweight formalism, and the ability to verify properties expressed in that formalism will greatly assist software development. EDAptive Computing, Inc. (ECI) team has designed the Animation and Execution of High Level Specifications (AniSpec) program to address this issue. AniSpec is based on the principle of using lightweight formalisms to combine intuition and formalism, specifying the system using UML Statecharts but using formal specification implemented through a System Level Design Language (SLDL) for underlying representation, understanding it via SLDL execution and animation through the Statechart, while using model checkers to prove properties of the specification correct. When using the AniSpec system, user first enters the specification into UML statecharts; then animates the specification to gain an understanding of the specification; then uses a model checker to verify properties of the specification are correct; then transfers the UML statechart specification to other UML software development tools via the XMi standard exchange mechanism. ECI will demonstrate that this is feasible by going through this process, in a limited way, as a feasibility demonstration during the Phase I effort. |
| TIME ROVER
11425 Charsan Ln. Cupertino, CA 95014 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 252-1646
Dr. Doron Drusinsky MDA 04-047 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Execution of High Level Specifications for Simulation Based Acquisition |
| Abstract: | We proposal new specification and lightweight verification technique based on three novel techniques invented by the PI. The first is a formal specification language named NTLCharts, which combines UML statechart diagram, temporal logic, and natural language. NTLCharts are visual, intuitive, while unambiguous and formal. The second technique consists of two lightweight, automatic, verification techniques: (i) run-time monitoring of assertions automatically generated from TLChart specifications, and (ii) automatic, scalable, model checking of NTLChart specifications with support for model checking of real-time systems. The third technique is armor-plating software with specification based exception handling. We will develop a cost effective design entry for NTLCharts using off the shelf drawing tools. We will then extend the drawing tool to support temporal logic and natural language entry, code generation, and assertion generation. A special assertion monitor will be developed to check the assertions during system test or execution. We will develop algorithms and code for automatic, scalable model checking, and will build tools support for specification based exception handling. |
| SPACE MICRO, INC.
12872 Glen Circle Road Poway, CA 92064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 487-9295
Mr. David R. Czajkowski MDA 04-048 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reconfigurable Analog Electronics for Missiles Defense Elements |
| Abstract: | Space Micro is proposing the innovative design of high frequency, RF, and microwave field programmable analog arrays to be used for the development of analog circuits, such as focal plane arrays, radar and ladar subsystems. These ICs will be called Field Programmable Microwave Arrays (FPMA). Low frequency field programmable analog arrays (FPAAs) exist commercially, but are limited to frequencies less than 12MHz. We present an innovative solution by combining a novel high-speed switch with analog ASIC functional elements to form FPMAs. On-chip control circuitry will be included to provide dynamic reconfiguration of each switch, allowing for in-field and in-circuit programming. Each FPMA will be organized into configurable analog blocks, matching typical applications, and will also allow dynamic parametric adjustment (programmable gain, filter frequencies, etc.) A family of FPMAs are planned to be designed/manufactured on commercially available ASIC CMOS or GaAs processes, with functional array architectures that match typical high?frequency systems. Benefits include the ability to manufacture reconfigurable analog hardware, useable with systems such as "software defined radio", communication transmit and receive chains, radar exciters, and remote sensors (FPAs, cryocoolers, etc.). Radiation hardness is planned to meet typical missile defense and satellite applications. |
| SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP.
4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 429-9008
Mr. Todd Grimes MDA 04-048 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Flexible Reconfigurable Analog Matrix |
| Abstract: | Today's anti-missile systems are increasingly becoming an important resource for the defense of the nation. The success of our anti-missile systems depends on establishing superior technology to maintain an advantage. Even with the latest advancements in missile technology, size, weight, and packaging constraints remain an inherent limitation in these modern weapon systems. The MDA is focusing on the dramatic reduction of the size and weight of analog seeker electronics and to minimize the time required to integrate new sensor technologies into seeker applications by utilizing reconfigurable analog electronics. The primary sensors of interest include focal plane arrays, RADAR, LADAR, and cryogenic coolers. Systran Federal Corp. believes that a viable solution lies in the development of a flexible analog interfacing architecture that utilizes reconfigurable analog components. This new architecture would exploit recent advancements in reconfigurable analog components, including Field Programmable Analog Arrays, reconfigurable analog components (i.e., op amps, comparators, etc.), and microcontrollers with integrated analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters. Combinations of these devices, along with Field Programmable Gate Arrays, would provide a flexible analog architecture that promotes the reduction in the size, weight, packaging, and in the amount of time required to upgrade analog sensors for missile systems. |
| MAGNACOM, INC.
615 Discovery Drive, Suite B Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 895-2901
Mr. Curt Harrelson MDA 04-049 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Band/Multi-Frequency - Based Discrimination Given Minimal Apriori Information on Threat/Radar Geometry |
| Abstract: | The proposed effort will research the feasibility of S-Band and X-Band multi-frequency discrimination and potentially demonstrate how these features can be used to remove one of the biggest limitations of the current state of the art, i.e. reduction in classifier sensitivity to apriori information. The traditional approach to new discrimination research typically begins with a very narrow set of discrimination conditions (normally from a single or small test data set) and begins to formulate and test discrimination algorithms. This research will attempt to accelerate refinement of the multi-frequency-based discrimination algorithms by basing the algorithm design on tactically realistic conditions from the beginning (e.g. where minimal apriori information is available). The research will determine the feasibility of simultaneous collection of narrowband, frequency-based discrimination features and wideband discrimination features that enhance discrimination performance. Narrowband and wideband features will be collected versus lethal and non-lethal threat objects across a comprehensive set of threat/ship geometry conditions. Finally, the selected set of features will be used to evaluate discrimination performance versus a series of blind tests. If successful, this research will yield new, frequency-based discrimination features, as well as a highly efficient method for their collection. |
| MARK RESOURCES, INC.
3878 Carson Street, Suite 210 Torrance, CA 90503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 543-4746
Dr. August W. Rihaczek MDA 04-049 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Frequency Radar Discrimination |
| Abstract: | MARK Resources has developed a new radar signal processing technology that is capable of making precision measurements on specific features on a target that lead to reliable discrimination. Under a current contract with MDA, the company has applied this technology to the discrimination of RVs and decoys at X-band, and is now proposing to extend the work to S-band. The advantages that might be gained by combining the processing results at both bands will also be investigated. |
| TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.
1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 268-1249
Dr. Paul D. Mountcastle MDA 04-049 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Frequency Radar Discrimination |
| Abstract: | The TSC Phase I study will examine novel deterministic approaches to (1) multi-sensor motion parameter estimation and (2) reconstruction of multi-band radar static patterns, for exploiting multiple radars at different frequencies to discriminate the lethal re-entry vehicle from among the large numbers of threat-like objects associated with advanced countermeasures. The proposed features estimate deterministic motion state and multi-frequency static pattern separately. This provides a performance advantage over classical radar discrimination features (e.g. RCS statistics and wideband apparent length) which are hybrid quantities depending on both the static features of a target and its state of motion. Precise estimation of target rotational motion is the key to successfully exploiting information from multiple sensors. S-band provides important information for the motion solution, based on Doppler processing. X-band provides the most detailed static pattern information. In Phase I, TSC will build on and complement ongoing MDA sponsored TSC efforts to construct the needed dual-band static patterns. TSC will dynamically simulate radar signatures and evaluate motion solutions estimated derived from them. In Phase II, discrimination performance will be assessed via Monte-Carlo analysis. Open literature unclassified sources which describe the AN/SPY-1 Cobra Gemini and Cobra Judy X-Band radars will provide nominal S- and X-band parameters. |
| TOYON RESEARCH CORP.
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 968-6787
Mr. Kevin Sullivan MDA 04-049 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Multi-Frequency Radar Discrimination |
| Abstract: | Toyon Research Corporation and Lockheed-Martin propose to develop discrimination algorithms that process any number of measurements from X-band and/or S-band radars to discriminate countermeasures and other objects from reentry vehicles (RVs). Our approach makes use of statistical models that have been developed for the effective classification of ground targets and aircraft using high-range-resolution radar profiles of the targets. Using this framework, we will develop new models that are trained using X-band and S-band signatures of RVs and other objects. We will also develop fusion algorithms that can combine evidence from multiple measurements from either radar to arrive at effective discrimination decisions. To develop prototype algorithms in Phase I, we will use data that is available from the government, at Lockheed-Martin, or at Toyon. We will process a simple dataset and train our discrimination algorithms. We will evaluate the algorithms using a sequestered set of the data to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. The evaluation will include a quantitative estimate of our performance given varying numbers of measurements from each radar type. If the algorithms show promise, we will plan for a Phase II effort. |
| CFD RESEARCH CORP.
215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 726-4800
Mr. Mark J. Ostrander MDA 04-051 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Propellant Gelation for Enhanced THAAD DACS Operability |
| Abstract: | MON25 and MMH propellant gelation offers enhanced maintainability and storability while reducing toxicity and minimizing combustion instabilities within combustion chambers of the THAAD DACS. Adaptation of CFDRC's proven churn mixing process for reduced temperature operation will be completed to augment distribution of an appropriate gelling agent into MON25. CFDRC will collaborate with the U.S. Army AMRDEC Propulsion and Structures Directorate to gel up to 5kgs of MON25 during Phase I. Appropriate rheological testing of the final gelled MON25 propellant will be completed to define the thixotropic fluid properties necessary to estimate system performance. THAAD DACS operation using both gelled and conventional MON25/MMH will be estimated using GFSSP (NASA's premier bipropellant engine simulation software). The influence gelling agents have on combustion in the THAAD DACS chamber will also be simulated using 3-D computational fluid dynamics. CFDRC will collaborate with Boeing and LockMart to define how effective gelled MON25 and MMH propellants enhance current and future THAAD system performance and operability. A strategic partnership with Boeing regarding THAAD DACS enhancement will be fully exploited. Comprehensive Phase II demonstration of gelled propellant operation in the THAAD DACS will be conducted at U.S. Army AMRDEC gel motor test facilities at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. |
| FOSTER-MILLER, INC.
350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 684-4125
Mr. Uday Kashalikar MDA 04-051 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Lightweight, Zero-Erosion and Affordable DACS Nozzle Technology |
| Abstract: | Erosion resistance and light weight are two key requirements for DACS nozzle and valve components. Foster-Miller will demonstrate innovative lightweight and affordable DACS nozzle and valve components that would exhibit zero erosion under anticipated service conditions. Our components will exhibit substantial benefits over the baseline Re and Re-coated carbon components. During Phase I, we will produce specimens and a demonstration DACS nozzle article using proprietary materials and processes. Specimens will be subjected to microstructural and mechanical property evaluation. We will work closely with the relevant contractor supporting the THAAD program in this area. This will ensure development of nozzle technology that is relevant for THAAD requirements. The follow-on Phase II program will involve optimization and demonstration of repeatability in nozzle performance, with close support from the THAAD commercialization partner. A strong commercialization strategy is developed to insert this technology in THAAD DACS system. (P-040275) |
| IN SPACE, L.L.C.
P.O. Box 3874 West Lafayette, IN 47996 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(765) 409-0456
Mr. Benjamin Austin MDA 04-051 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Hypergolic Swirl Injectors for Advanced Divert and Attitude Control Systems |
| Abstract: | The majority of liquid bipropellant engines in the United States employ impinging jet injectors. While they offer moderately high combustion efficiency and are design from an extensive knowledgebase, impinging jet injectors have several drawbacks including low thrust per element, instabilities, injector face erosion, high production costs, and inability to throttle. The bi-centrifugal swirl injector is an alternative to impinging jet injectors. Swirl injectors, widely used in Russian hypergolic and LOX/kerosene engines, have demonstrated high combustion efficiencies, stable operation, favorable injector face and chamber wall heat fluxes, low fabrication costs, and the ability to achieve deep throttling without moving components inside the combustion chamber. Divert and Attitude Control Systems (DACS) on-board liquid-fueled kill vehicles can benefit from increased performance and a reduction in thruster mass achieved through not requiring combustion stability devices or thick chamber materials to withstand high heat loads. Decreased production costs and time will improve the vehicle's ability to meet program budget and time constraints. For these reasons, IN Space proposes to develop hypergolic swirl injectors for advanced DACS. The Phase I work outlined in the following proposal will demonstrate the swirl injector proof-of-concept and feasibility. |
| NESTLERODE ENGINEERING
P.O.Box 5126 West Hills, CA 91308 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 880-9232
Mr. James A Nestlerode MDA 04-051 Awarded: 10MAY04 |
| Title: | Combustion Stability in Small Thrusters |
| Abstract: | Compact, high energy storable propellant thrusters are needed for a wide variety of applications from sattelite control to space missions to missile defense systems. As the thrusters are made smaller, higher performing, with more intense energy release and are needed to operate in more extreme environments, combustion instability becomes a more difficult problem. This program brings to bear the most recent university work in linear and nonlinear instability modeling and takes that knowledge to practical application using data from a current highly tested small divert thruster to provide preliminary verification. The approach is to use linear and non linear studies of combustion gain combined with latest absorber damping technology to provide practical design criteria for these small energetic combustors. The results will include the preliminary design criteria and a proposal for a Phase II hot fire demonstration of the thruster design with this criteria. |
| CYRANO SCIENCES, INC.
73 N. Vinedo Avenue Pasadena, CA 91107 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 240-4226
Dr. Steven Sunshine MDA 04-052 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Hypergolic Chemical Leak Detector |
| Abstract: | We propose to create a miniature chemical sensor array that can be incorporated into the missile body, propulsion compartment, or fuel flow pathways and can provide a timely warning that the propellant has leaked to allow the system to be serviced or other appropriate actions to be taken to safely mitigate the problem. Cyrano Sciences, Inc. already has produced low cost, intrinsically safe, miniature smart detectors and this proposal will focus on the further optimization of these systems for hypergolic fluid leak detection. |
| INNOSENSE LLC
2531 West 237th Street, Suite 125-127 Torrance, CA 90505 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-4974
Dr. Kisholoy Goswami MDA 04-052 Awarded: 21APR04 |
| Title: | Highly Sensitive, Specific, and Low Maintenance Detector for Hypergolic Chemical Leak |
| Abstract: | This Phase I project addresses the development of a device for detecting hypergolic rocket fuels and oxidizers. The key motivation for this project is to develop a system that can operate for ten years with very low-to-no maintenance, and make measurements from -46 deg C to +71 deg C with response time on the order of a minute. The cost savings realized by the Ballistic Missile Defense System and other DOD components would be significant when this technology is utilized. The device can be flush mounted on a missile canister, and measurements would be made for possible leak at all times prior to the launch of the missile including during transportation and storage. In Phase I, a working model would be developed. The specificity and sensitivity of the system would be demonstrated by detecting 0.1 parts per million of monomethyl hydrazine. An actual prototype detecting additional chemicals will be field-demonstrated in Phase II. A highly skilled engineering staff with a cumulative 70 person-years of optical sensor development expertise has been assembled for this project. |
| RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
500 Wynn Drive, Suite 504 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 704-3411
Dr. Pete Weiland MDA 04-052 Awarded: 06MAY04 |
| Title: | Hydrazine Leak Detector |
| Abstract: | Develop a THAAD active sensor system to detect hydrazine leaks in the Missile Round Pallet (MRP). The sensor system will consist of a small electrochemical based sensor unit, an alarm unit, and a data transmission unit. The sensor will be capable of detecting hydrazine leaks in the MRP at <100ppm and will operate in a wide range of environments experienced by the military. The sensor system will have the capability to display audible and visual alarms at the MRP and if required simultaneously send the alarm message to remote monitoring stations. The sensor system will be required to be battery powered with a service life of 10 years. |
| INNOVATIVE BUSINESSS SOLUTIONS, INC.
301 Concourse Boulevard, Suite 120 Glen Allen, VA 23059 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(727) 812-5555
Mr. Steve Belvin MDA 04-053 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Seeker Technologies |
| Abstract: | In order to meet evolving advanced threats, missile defense systems must increase their target discrimination capabilities by using advanced seekers. Advanced seekers include multiple IR sensors operating in mid, extended mid and long wavelengths, laser radar for range, velocity and high-resolution angle data, sensor data correction to improve image uniformity and strapdown optical system control for laser steering. Increased sensor performance will result in improved target discrimination, identification, tracking and map handover, along with operation through countermeasure events and tumbling target tracking. This increase in performance results in an increase in seeker complexity and cost. The objective of the proposed effort is to significantly reduce the cost and complexity of the next generation THAAD seeker control and data processing. The goal of the proposed effort is to reduce the cost of current and future seeker processing by fifty percent through integrating sensor interfaces, object processing, sensor data fusion processing, and vehicle and backend processing into one subassembly for incorporation into future block upgrades. |
| MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARC
7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 574-1980
Dr. Witold Kowbel MDA 04-053 Awarded: 12MAY04 |
| Title: | Lightweight SiC-based Optics for LADAR Applications |
| Abstract: | The beam quality in the LADAR applications is greatly affected by optics quality. Of particular importance are the structural requirements. MER in conjunction with SAIC will develop innovative designs for THAAD advanced LADAR applications based upon ultra-lightweight SiC-composite technology. The Phase II transition will be based upon collaboration with BAE. |
| MP TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1801 Maple Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 256-7648
Dr. Vahid Yazdanpanah MDA 04-053 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Feasibility Study of the Growth of Type II InAs/GaSb Superlattice on GaAs for Infrared Applications |
| Abstract: | High performance infrared detectors in the mid and long wavelength infrared (MWIR and LWIR) spectral bands are highly needed in a number of missile defense missions. Type II InAs/GaSb superlattices represent the most promising material system capable of delivering a more affordable and producible focal plane array (FPA) technology than the current technology, while at the same time exhibiting similar or better performance. Two of the major challenges in the realization of FPA in this system pertain to the unintentionally doped p-type GaSb substrate used in the growth of type II superlattices: its strong infrared absorption and its thermal mismatch with the ROIC that leads to cracking upon hybridization and thus limits the FPA size. It is here proposed to study the feasibility of growing type II InAs/GaSb superlattices on GaAs substrates in spite of a lattice mismatch of ~7 %. The use GaAs is expected to avoid the substrate absorption issue since GaAs is transparent in the infrared spectral bands of interest, and alleviate the cracking issue since GaAs is harder than GaSb. The design and optimization of an appropriate buffer layer technique that leads to high quality GaSb will be an essential part of the proposed work. |
| POLARIS SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
5710 Jones Valley Drive Huntsville, AL 35802 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 824-6547
Mrs. Michele Banish MDA 04-053 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Robust Algorithms Enhance Target Detection and Aim Point Selection |
| Abstract: | The proposed Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) algorithm presents a robust method for quickly analyzing generalized imagery while requiring very few control inputs. Processor bandwidth is reduced by locating and eliminating pixels with no information content before the pixel field is processed. In some cases, this can reduce the downstream bandwidth requirements by as much as two orders of magnitude. The PCNN algorithm has the potential to detect multiple targets within a scene of low contrast data and improve the operation of existing seekers in all imaging applications, while still providing the most cost-effective means of detecting low-intensity targets. Phase I will determine the merits of using the PCNN to remove data from downstream processing for THAAD. Data and expert discussion provided by Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company will ensure the early insertion of this technology for the main line THAAD program and advanced seekers. During Phase II, the PCNN algorithm will be implemented in software and firmware in a massively parallel processor designed specifically for THAAD and the next generation seekers. Polaris Sensor Technologies, Inc. will leverage prior research and development projects to lower technological risk for this MDA effort. |
| TESSERA, INC.
3099 Orchard Drive San Jose, CA 95134 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 383-3606
Mr. David Gibson MDA 04-053 Awarded: 17MAY04 |
| Title: | Pixel Abstraction Software and Test Platform Development for Advanced Seeker Image Processing |
| Abstract: | This proposal responds to SBIR MDA04-53 and offers a method to develop advanced image processing software and the required test platform hardware to support high resolution and two-color infrared (IR) imagery for improved seeker target detection and discrimination. Phase I efforts will focus on development of a preliminary test platform hardware thermal design that provides sustained, controlled active cooling for an advanced systolic array seeker system currently in development. This new seeker system supports massively parallel pixel processing by using high-density electronic component packaging to provide a four-fold increase in processing elements in the same form-factor as previous systems. This new systolic array seeker electronics system will provide significant improvements in missile seeker detection and discrimination capabilities using existing sensor technologies. With a test platform that will support extended run-times, system software development (to be developed in Phase II) can be accomplished. The Phase I and II efforts will result in development of advanced missile seeker algorithms to provide the benefits of increased image processing capability, resulting in high-precision target discrimination and end-game homing for interceptors. |
| VICUS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
62 Portland Rd Kennebunk, ME 04043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(207) 985-4200
Mr. Paul Hurlburt MDA 04-053 Awarded: 14MAY04 |
| Title: | Development of Zinc Sulfide Seeker Window Material |
| Abstract: | Ground based interceptors require the use of dual color focal planes or wideband seekers for improved target acquisition and target discrimination. The transmission capabilities of the current window material have a limited waveband. A material which has the ability to transmit at higher wavelengths may be required. An analysis conducted on alternate seeker window materials using rigorous computational fluid dynamics to predict the worst case aerodynamic heating combined with finite element thermal and structural analysis was used to construct a statistical analysis model. This model, supported by test data, was used to predict window reliability incorporating size effects. The results showed that multispectral zinc sulfide exceeded the current THAAD requirements. In addition to the performance attributes of an alternate seeker window, zinc sulfide offers significant cost benefits and it is estimated that the current seeker window cost would be reduced by 70-80%. This effort will establish statistical flexural strength data for multispectral zinc sulfide material fabricated using the same procedures as the current window material. The data will be measured at ambient, worst case, and intermediate temperature levels. The information will be used to substantiate multispectral zinc sulfide as a candidate replacement window material for the THAAD interceptor. |
| ANDRO COMPUTATIONAL SOLUTIONS, LLC
Beeches Tech Campus, Bldg 3, Suite 4 7902 Turin Rd Rome, NY 13440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(315) 334-1163
Mr. Andrew L. Drozd MDA 04-054 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Radar Data Fusion for Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP)-Data Fusion and Registration System (DataFusR) |
| Abstract: | Timely fusion of data collected from a variety of radars that acquire information from multiple perspectives and/or different frequencies, may provide a more accurate picture of the adversary threat cloud than any single radar or group of radars operating independently. Algorithms, software, and/or hardware that enable this synergistic fusion and interpretation of data from disparate GMD radars should enhance system acquisition, tracking and discrimination of threat objects in a cluttered environment and provide enhanced battle space awareness. Fusion of data at several levels may be required. Technical issues that must be addressed include: spatial and temporal registration of radars, data throughput within and between sensor platforms, processing speed and capacity, and sensor calibration. This effort is to develop algorithms, software, and/or hardware necessary to collect, process, and fuse information from multiple radars (either at the same or different frequency) to form a single integrated air picture (SIAP). The research to be performed in this effort will be in direct support of the BMDS-MDA/GM (Ground Based Midcourse) acquisition program to provide effective DataFusR technologies which would enable sensor and battlespace systems to autonomously perform real time data registration and fusion of multispectral and multiresolution radar data for precision target geolocation and identification. The DataFusR approach will apply a multisource data fusion (MSDF) simulation methodology to assess the viability of candidate registration/fusion schemes and to select the best one(s) to achieve the objectives of forming an SIAP. |
| SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC.
500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3 Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 933-5355
Dr. Adel El-Fallah MDA 04-054 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Unified Bayesian Tracking of Threat Clouds |
| Abstract: | RVs are obscured by clouds of countermeasure scatterers that are of interest only because a few of them might be RVs. These threat clouds can be so dense that, for computational reasons, it is impossible to track every scatterer. One must track the threat clouds as wholes, until additional information makes it feasible to detect and extract the RVs. Conventional cluster tracking techniques such as centroid tracking will experience difficulty because threat clouds change dynamically in number, shape, and internal density. Scientific Systems Company, Inc. (SSCI) of Woburn MA and its subcontractor, Lockheed Martin Tactical Systems (LMTS) of Eagan MN, propose an innovative approach to multi-radar midcourse data fusion and cluster tracking that, we believe, is capable of addressing these challenges. Our "probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter" approach first attempts to detect and track only the OVER-ALL BULK BEHAVIOR---the physical distribution--of a formation that is obscured by clutter and missed detections. Only if the quantity and quality of data permits, does the filter then attempt to extract and track individual targets in the formation. The project team includes Dr. Ronald Mahler of Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin will provide both technical and commercialization support in the application of multitarget tracking and data fusion. |
| TECHFINITY, INC.
4505 Las Virgenes Road, Suite Calabasas, CA 91302 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 878-9341
Dr. Phillip W.Dennis MDA 04-054 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Algorithms for Radar Data Fusion for Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP) |
| Abstract: | The goal of the fusion process is to operate on a combination of sensor measurements, features, track states and object type and identification likelihoods in order to determine a common missile air picture to high degree of accuracy so that the situational awareness results in near optimal utilization of assets to destroy the lethal objects. Thus, the goal of the fusion process is to produce a picture of the air space consisting of the ontology of objects and their positions and velocities. Judicious fusion methods have the potential of synthesizing this picture as precisely and in an as timely manner as possible. We propose to utilize a number of approaches to sensor fusion for discrimination of object types. The TechFinity Decision Architecture is designed to support (1) discrimination by fusion of typing reports, and (2) discrimination by fusion of feature data. Bayes net, Dempster Schafer, and other techniques will be investigated. |
| RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
500 Wynn Drive, Suite 504 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(662) 801-2455
Mr. Brian McDaniel MDA 04-055 Awarded: 03MAY04 |
| Title: | DERA - Dielectric Enhanced Resonator Antenna |
| Abstract: | DERA is a research, development, and experiment program that designs, develops, and conducts proof-of-concept demonstration for novel large Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DERA) Arrays. These large Dielectric Resonator Arrays will have increased efficiency, bandwidth, power handling capability, scanning range, and reduced element-to-element coupling to satisfy radar/sensor requirements for future systems and power handling capability are crucial due to the modern advancements in GaN technology that will deliver extremely high RF power levels to antenna elements. The increased bandwidth and scanning range are instrumental in developing high performance, wide coverage radar systems with accurate range resolution. The DERA elements are essentially lossless and have high radiation efficiency when appropriately excited, as compared to current microstrip antennas. DERA research objectives are: 1) identify optimum DERA element shapes for use in large arrays; 2) model, construct and verify large array performance characteristics including bandwidth, efficiency, coupling, power handling capability and scanning range; 3) Demonstrate and measure a DERA array performance in a radar test bed. |
| TECHNOLOGIES & DEVICES INTERNATIO
12214 Plum Orchard Dr Silver Spring, MD 20904 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 572-7834
Dr. Vladimir Dmitriev MDA 04-055 Awarded: 04MAY04 |
| Title: | Novel technology for high pure GaN thick layers for advanced X-Band electronic devices |
| Abstract: | TDI proposes to develop high purity GaN materials having room temperature carrier concentration from 1014 cm-2 down to 1012 cm-2 using novel technological approach based on advanced hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The HVPE technology is known to produce epitaxial layers and bulk GaN materials with low defect density and high carrier mobility. Recently, TDI demonstrated HVPE growth of GaN and AlGaN layers with record low background impurity concentrations. These results opened an opportunity to develop ultra pure GaN and AlGaN materials including pure non-compensated semi-insulating GaN substrates and epitaxial layers for advanced radar electronics. The Phase I project is focused on investigation of HVPE technology for pure undoped GaN and AlGaN layers. The main goal of the Phase I work is to prove the concept and demonstrate pure GaN materials with carrier concentration in the 1013 - 1014 cm-3 rage. The Phase II research program will be focused on further reduction of background carrier concentration in pure GaN and AlGaN materials and demonstration of GaN-based devices with increased power and efficiency for X-Band Radars. |
| 2LRESEARCH
190 Green Valley Road Owens Crossroads, AL 35763 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 656-9652
Mr. Lopez MDA 04-056 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Binary-Level Malicious Code Pattern Detection Technology |
| Abstract: | This effort develops automatic detection of malicious binary code based on syntax-independent logical control flow patterns. Control flow patterns yield specific detectable signatures that can be extracted from binary code. Because they are based on functional control flow, these signatures also discriminate the kinds of behavior a binary can perform; furthermore, these signatures are independent of where the binary originated. They are OS and language independent. This effort develops viable methods for analysis and classification of potential behaviors - malicious and otherwise - based on logical patterns found in binary code and related requirements meta-models. This effort will associate the presence of potential algorithm patterns with specific types of expected functionality. Inappropriate or unexpected functionality will be detectible and may indicate latent malicious code. |
| 2LRESEARCH
190 Green Valley Road Owens Crossroads, AL 35763 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 656-9652
Mr. Lopez MDA 04-056 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Malicious Binary Code Automated Response, Forensics and Immunity - Tools and Methods |
| Abstract: | This effort will develop a capability for automated modification of binary code based on canonical algorithm patterns of control flows. Since these methods are based on control flow, they are OS and language independent. The methods offer a path towards building operating systems that are self-repairing and can immunized against malicious behavior. This effort will develop methods to automate insertion of safeguarding breakpoints at potentially malicious code points. When a breakpoint is hit, several options will be automatically made available to computer security network analysts. Algorithm information will be extracted form the breakpoint area of the code and displayed in a syntax-neutral flow graph. The flow graph will offer a real-time visual debugger that can be stepped and interpreted in a `safe' mode to determine methods of attack used by malicious code, contain the code, log its behavior, etc. This will enable both real-time and offline responses to be developed as well as advanced forensics and behavior analysis of malicious binary code. It will develop a technology that can modify and contain bad code in COTS products prior to running within a trusted and secure system. |
| ISAC, INC.
6275 University Drive, Suite 37, #305 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 348-1724
Mr. Andrew Smith MDA 04-056 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Denial of Service Countermeasures Appliance (DOSCA) for Computer Network Operations (CNO) |
| Abstract: | Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are particularly problematic for three reasons. First, they can bring down entire networks, not just isolated components. Second, when DoS attacks occur, network and network security manager situational awareness is lost. Third, to completely stop this type of attack, the source of the attack must be shut off. ISAC plans to develop a Denial of Service Attack Countermeasures Appliance (DOSCA) that addresses all three problems. DOSCA will combine active flow control, strategic containment, out of band cyber warning, and computational fluid dynamics modeling techniques to maintain community wide situational awareness and initiate the appropriate response at the ISP or attacker location to eliminate DoS attacks at their source. Additionally, DOSCA will be designed to operate within the strict operational constraints imposed on sensor to shooter weapons systems. The sensor to shooter environment is characterized by the need for low or no additional induced system latency, high system reliability, and the requirement to maintain continuity of operations in the presence of information warfare attacks and/or systems failure. |
| REIFER CONSULTANTS, INC.
P.O. Box 4046 Torrance, CA 90510 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-4493
Mr. Donald J. Reifer MDA 04-056 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Computer Network Operations (CNO) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this Phase I SBIR effort is to protect software from malicious code embedded in COTS components and wrappers which bind them to middleware and operating system software using a concept we call protected COTS wrappers. Current protection technology secures COTS interfaces against malicious code using agents, containers, guards, trusted components or certifying compilers. None of these methods is foolproof. Most incur a performance penalty when instantiated operationally. RCI will minimize such performance penalties by developing optimization algorithms for use with its protected wrapper technology. RCI will then verify that its algorithms work via experiments using an NASA energy conversion applications library. In addition to verifying the feasibility of using its protected COTS wrapper technology in real-time systems, RCI will generate threat models and a knowledge base of protection experience. As an additional by-product of the effort, RCI will generate guidelines for use in selecting the most appropriate protection technology. To assess the commercial potential of the technology, RCI will conduct an aligned market survey and prepare a business plan. They will also plan a technology demonstration should they be awarded a Phase II follow-on effort. |
| REIFER CONSULTANTS, INC.
P.O. Box 4046 Torrance, CA 90510 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 530-4493
Mr. Donald J. Reifer MDA 04-056 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Computer Network Operations (CNO) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this Phase I SBIR effort is to develop a framework that security engineers can use to decide what protection techniques to use, when and under what conditions, to guard their applications software against piracy, tampering and/or reverse engineering threats. Currently, little guidance exists to help security engineers determine how best to protect their applications software from exploitation attempts. To develop the framework, RCI will use multiple-faceted viewpoint modeling to ensure that all dimensions of the decision are considered. To validate the framework, RCI plans to experiment on a NASA energy conversion application to understand what protection tools and techniques perform best, when, and why. The framework will be portrayed for security engineers using the concept of a balanced scorecard for ease of comprehension and usability. To assess the commercial potential of the technology, RCI will conduct an aligned market survey and develop a business plan. They will also plan a technology demonstration should they be awarded a Phase II follow-on effort. |
| SENTAR, INC.
4900 University Square, Suite 8 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 430-0860
Ms. Bridget Abashian MDA 04-056 Awarded: 22APR04 |
| Title: | The Secure Agent-based Operations Reconstitution (SABOR) System |
| Abstract: | In today's information-based society, attacks on information systems and infrastructure are everyday occurrences. The more critical a system is, the more likely it is to be under constant attack. Naturally military systems are prime targets. A likely initial target of a sophisticated cyber attack on a mission critical system will be the Computer Network Defense (CND) itself. Hence, there is an immediate need and opportunity for CND systems that cannot only endure an attack, but be capable of Reconsti-tution after being crippled. Sentar is currently developing a situational awareness system to protect the Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) system using our Work-Centered Interface for Computer Network Defense (WCI-CND) technology. This CND system is being built using intelligent agent technology and is designed for continuous evolution. Sentar is also designing a Secure Agent-based (SAB) platform for the above capability. The goal of SAB is to have a platform that can itself survive cyber attacks. Once SAB is operational, one can migrate the WCI-based defense system onto the SAB. This work can be ex-tended by the currently proposed effort to encompass reconstitution of a crippled CND system. Thus Sentar proposes the design and development of the Secure Agent-based Operations Reconstitution (SABOR) system |
| SENTAR, INC.
4900 University Square, Suite 8 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 430-0860
Mr. Al Underbrink MDA 04-056 Awarded: 22APR04 |
| Title: | Secure Configuration Auditing for Network Defense (SCAND) |
| Abstract: | This research investigates a concept for automatically monitoring and auditing system security con-figurations and assuring compliance with established security policies. The concept uses multiple, distributed, intelligent software agents, which may be mobile, to compare the security configurations of network devices and software with established security policy. The agents will either 1) notify the security manager before proceeding, or 2) automatically implement the necessary configuration changes to the system found in violation of the policies. The proposed concept is based upon an agent platform that provides secure execution and host migration and is interfaced with a computer network defense system that supports responsive decision making by network security managers. |
| SENTAR, INC.
4900 University Square, Suite 8 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 430-0860
Mr. Al Underbrink MDA 04-056 Awarded: 22APR04 |
| Title: | Protection Analysis Work Stations (PAWS) |
| Abstract: | Sentar, teamed with The Boeing Corporation and SYColeman is developing a Situation Awareness System for GMD Security Management. The Situation Awareness System is being developed to provide real-time monitoring and decision support to the security manager. What it does not address is the off-line analysis of attacks/threats and the development of plans and guidelines for dealing with them. Sentar proposes the development of a Protection Analysis Work Stations (PAWS) complement the Situation Awareness System that PAWS will be an off-line capability which can be isolated yet interfaced indirectly, via off-line file transfers, to the Situation Awareness System as well as other systems. The inputs to PAWS will consist of existing plans and guidelines for system protection along with a variety of data, information and knowledge on cyber threats, sensor responses, analysis results, and system behavior. The PAWS will perform a variety of analysis on all the inputs, including forensics to determine threats, attack patterns, criticalities, validity of current response plans and guidelines. The output of PAWS will be updates to security plans and cyber threat evaluation and response guidelines. Thus, in conjunction with the Situation Awareness System, the PAWS will provide for continuous evaluation of responses to cyber threats. |
| TORCH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2227 Drake Avenue, Suite 27 Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 319-6000
Mr. James Rogers MDA 04-056 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Computer Network Operations (CNO) |
| Abstract: | The evolution of the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) introduces new external components, such as Aegis as an external sensor/interceptor, into what was traditionally a closed loop system. While these additional elements will expand and improve the capabilities of the BMDS, they also introduce significant new Computer Network Operations (CNO) concerns. The integration of these elements introduces avenues for network-based attacks that may seek to disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy information, computer systems, and communications networks. Improved methods are needed that can provide protection from these attacks. Torch Technologies will examine the feasibility of integrating Adaptive Concept Understanding from Modeled Enterprise Networks (ACUMEN) technology into agent-based intrusion detection (ID) systems. Through adaptive, multidimensional statistical modeling of network traffic within the system, ACUMEN-capable ID systems will both increase the detection rates of internal and external malicious activity and decrease false positives. ACUMEN, based on an adaptive neural system, is a technology that can refine the system model as data is received. Feasibility analysis will focus on distributed ACUMEN-capable ID agents that tap network communications at multiple points. Sensitivity to latency is effectively mitigated through the use of passive optical taps. |
| AVYD DEVICES, INC.
2925 COLLEGE AVENUE, UNIT A- COSTA MESA, CA 92626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 751-8553
Dr. Honnavalli R Vydyanath MDA 04-057 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Improved Proton Radiation hardened VLWIR HgCdTe Photodiode Technology |
| Abstract: | AVYD DEVICES, Inc. proposes a program to address MDA's need to develop innovative electronic hardening concepts and technologies for current and next generation multi-color LWIR and VLWIR detectors. In Phase I, we plan to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to harden VLWIR HgCdTe to proton radiation. In Phase II, we plan to demonstrate proton radiation hardened dual wave band VLWIR HgCdTe detectors. |
| GH SYSTEMS, INC.
655 Discovery Drive, Suite 302 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 428-0050
Mr. Rick Byrn MDA 04-057 Awarded: 11MAY04 |
| Title: | GBI Testbed EKV Hardness Assessment and Hardness Enhancements |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defense Agency has developed a set of nuclear requirements to be used as design criteria for all ballistic missile defense elements. These design criteria provide three levels of increasing survivability. The current GMD GBI EKV was not designed to meet the MDA survivability criteria and no effort to determine the extent to which the current design meets MDA STD 001 has been made. Our effort is a cost effective engineering based method for assessing the impact that the MDA STD nuclear environments has on the EKV subsystems and ultimately can be used to assess the survivability probability of the EKV subsystems after exposure to the new MDA criteria. The assessment will also include definition of technology development programs needed to address EKV deficiencies. This effort is focused on the GMD GBI EKV and will be cooperatively performed in coordination with the GBI Program Office, Boeing and Raytheon. |
| GH SYSTEMS, INC.
655 Discovery Drive, Suite 302 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 428-0050
Mr. Rick Byrn MDA 04-057 Awarded: 13MAY04 |
| Title: | EKV Next Generation FPA Hardness and Technology Assessment |
| Abstract: | Transient radiation-induced noise in Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) is of growing importance as sensors are designed for increasingly taxing radiation environments. It is not sufficient that a detector survive the radiation dose; the sensor must be able to operate in the presence of radiation-induced noise to adequate levels to fulfill its mission. In the past, shielding and off-chip signal processing were able to mitigate the radiation effects. As mission environments become more challenging this is no longer the case, and in-pixel or on-FPA mitigation techniques become essential. It is costly and time-consuming to perform real-life fabrication and testing. Attention therefore moves naturally to simulation. This effort will begin the development of a general radiation-mitigation design tool for optimization of mitigation methods for a particular mission and radiation environment. This tool will assess mitigation methods built into the detector and the ROIC, as well as Analog and Digital methods. This tool will have applications to a number of interceptor programs to include EKV, THAAD and KEI |
| GH SYSTEMS, INC.
655 Discovery Drive, Suite 302 Huntsville, AL 35806 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 428-0050
Mr. Rick Byrn MDA 04-057 Awarded: 11MAY04 |
| Title: | Electronic Techniques For Radiation Hardening of EKV Electro-Optics Subsystems |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defense Agency has developed a set of nuclear requirements to be used as design criteria for all ballistic missile defense elements. These design criteria provide three levels of increasing survivability. The current GMD GBI boosters were not designed to meet the current MDA survivability criteria and no effort to determine the extent to which the current design meets MDA STD 001 has been made. Our effort is a cost effective engineering based method for assessing the impact the MDA STD nuclear environments will have on the GBI booster and ultimately can be used to assess the survivability probability of the booster subsystems after exposure to the new MDA criteria. The assessment will also include definition of needed technology development programs needed to address booster deficiencies. This effort is focused on the GMD GBI Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC) booster and will be cooperatively performed in coordination with the GBI Program Office, Boeing and OSC. |
| NU-TREK
16428 Avenida Florencia Poway, CA 92064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 487-8149
Dr. John Rauch MDA 04-057 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fast Nuclear Event Detection and Circumvention System FPA ROIC |
| Abstract: | Since modern microelectronics are capable of responding in times comparable to gamma pulse risetimes, it is critical to have circumvention techniques that offer protection in the same time frames. We will couple Nu-Trek's ultra fast GaAs detector technology (< 30 ps response time) with Titan/Jaycor's System Hardening Upset Recovery (SHUR) technology for a sub-nanosecond nuclear event detector and circumvention system, UF-SHUR (adjustable and staged engagement, E6-E10 rad(Si)/s). SHUR is a macro cell library sponsored by DTRA available to all government contractors for use in their designs. UF-SHUR is especially applicable to COTS devices and systems, as it enhances radiation hardness on a system level. UF-SHUR will protect the sequencer control electronics to the FPA, the calibration data memory, all the interfaces between the analog signal processor and the digital signal processor. Additional features include false-write protection, prompt immune signal pass-through, hardened clock generation circuitry, multiple fault masking, off-line timer, and hardened recall registers. In addition, an Ultra Fast Nuclear Event Detector will be spun off as a commercial product. |
| ENIGMATICS, INC.
9215 51st Avenue, Unit No. 7 College Park, MD 20740 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(202) 285-2431
Dr. David L. Book MDA 04-058 Awarded: 14MAY04 |
| Title: | Development of High-Power-Density DACS for MKVs |
| Abstract: | The main Phase I technical objective is to design a complete PDRE-based DACS suitable for a 1-kg MKV and define requirements for the auxiliary system components. The proposed PDRE-based DACS will have performance characteristics that meet and exceed the required 500 m/sec divert capability and will have low thruster-induced vibrations. We will also explore feasibility and payoffs of active vector control system that can be implemented for stabilizing a 1-kg MKV. Effects of propellant type and PDRE design on DACS components will be assessed. |
| ORMOND, LLC
1505 Central Avenue South Kent, WA 98032 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(253) 852-1298
Mr. Tom Butler MDA 04-058 Awarded: 27APR04 |
| Title: | Novel Low Cost Machining Techniques for Making Rhenium Components for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | In order to meet the goal of producing minature interceptors that cost less than $50K, new designs and lower cost manufacturing methods are required. The approached advocated in this proposal is to use novel machining techniques which have recently been developed and used to make rhenium test specimens. Rhenium is the material of choice for hot gas components used in Divert and Attitude Control Systems (DACS)and the high cost of machining this material has been the largest manufacturing cost driver. Ormond has recently begun working with Lockheed to qualify new abrasive machining technolgies that have the potential to dramatically reduce costs while at the same time avoid the surface damage caused by the current manufacturing methods. The feasibility of using the new techniques to cut, drill, groove, mill and turn rhenium parts will be demonstred in Phase I of this program. |
| RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
500 Wynn Drive, Suite 504 Huntsville, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 327-3662
Mr. Dan O. Turner MDA 04-058 Awarded: 04MAY04 |
| Title: | Advanced Divert and Attitude Control (DACS) system for the Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV) |
| Abstract: | Microfabrication technologies have made possible the development of microscale energy conversion and chemical processing systems. Micro-power generators (combustion chamber volume ŸŒ 10-20 mm3), which burn hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels, have the potential to be more compact and longer-lived than chemical batteries as a portable power source. The development process of Miniature Kill Vehicles (MKVs) will greatly benefit from the advancement of microfabricated propulsion systems. Since storable liquid bipropellant systems offer the most performance (Specific Impulse, Isp, as high as 450s, high thrust to weight ratio) and the most versatility (pulsing, restart, variable thrust), the MKVs could effectively utilize liquid bipropellant microrockets for their divert propulsion and attitude control systems for higher effectiveness, better range, maneuverability, and kill performance. |
| ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC.
3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 434-6316
Mr. Kenneth L. Knittel MDA 04-059 Awarded: 05MAY04 |
| Title: | Define/Demonstrate Non-hazardous or Less Hazardous Beryllium (Be) Material for Defense Applications |
| Abstract: | Advanced Ceramics Research (ACR) will identify, evaluate and select the most promising technologies for a high stiffness, stable and healthy ceramic or ceramic composite material for the replacement of beryllia and beryllium in structural application such as mirror substrates, electrical and electronic substrate materials. As a part of the identification and selection of the most promising technology, designs using the Fibrous Monolith and gel casted methods developed at ACR will be used. The move toward non-toxic materials for the missile applications and those uses by other agencies such as the Department of Energy will provide continuing support for the beryllium (Be) replacement as we move into the first part of the twenty first century. Innovative materials such as alumina, aluminum nitride, phosphor bronze, steel, titanium, titanium diboride, and graphite along with new fabrication technologies such as co-extruded ceramic designs and gel casted ceramics promise to revolutionize the material health and safety for the traditional Be applications. The goal for the applications using this emerging technology is the cost effective replacement of the existing technology, such as beryllium metal substrates for mirrors, optical benches and shade structures. |
| K TECHNOLOGY CORP.
110 Gibraltar Road, Suite 223 Horsham, PA 19044 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(216) 692-5400
Dr. James Marder MDA 04-059 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Define/Demonstrate Non-hazardous or Less Hazardous Beryllium (Be) Material for Defense Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase I SBIR proposal is to identify and test a set of materials that can substitute for beryllium in specific air and space-borne applications. Beryllium's combination of properties, including high stiffness, low density, high thermal conductivity and heat capacity, make it unique among structural materials, but its toxicity and cost make it very unattractive to use. In may critical applications, such as mirror and electronic substrates, new emerging materials will be shown to be viable replacements for beryllium and its alloys. k Technology will test and evaluate these new materials. |
| TOUCHSTONE RESEARCH LABORATORY, LTD.
The Millennium Centre, R.R. 1, Box 100B Triadelphia, WV 26059 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(304) 547-5800
Dr. Virgil Irick MDA 04-059 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Magnesium MetPregT as a Beryllium (Be) Material Replacement |
| Abstract: | Beryllium commands a unique position as a metal for engineering applications. It exhibits high thermal conductivity, modest thermal expansion, combines a high elastic modulus with a low density to exhibit an unsurpassed specific stiffness (modulus/density). However, the attributes of Be and its alloys are countered by two significant drawbacks: 1) toxicity, and 2) high cost. Over the past two decades MMCs have been the subject of significant academic studies and numerous commercialization attempts. For example, aluminum-matrix MMCs have exhibited desirable attributes such as significant increases in elastic modulus, tensile strength at room and elevated temperatures, fatigue strength, wear resistance, etc. Recently, the Missile Defense Agency has supported materials development approaches that would lead to structural materials systems to replace Be and Be alloys. Continuous graphite fiber reinforced magnesium is a viable candidate for Be replacement. The overall objective for this Phase I effort is to evaluate the feasibility of producing magnesium-matrix, continuous carbon fiber composites using Touchstone's MetPregT processing facility. The proposed feasibility evaluation entails modifying the MetPreg processing apparatus for handling magnesium safely, producing tape using two matrix alloys and two carbon fibers, measuring the tensile properties of fabricated tape, and performing microstructural characterizations. |
| TREX ENTERPRISES CORP.
10455 Pacific Center Court San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(808) 245-6465
Dr. William F. Fischer, III MDA 04-059 Selected for Award |
| Title: | CVC SiC to Replace Beryllium Mirrors |
| Abstract: | CVC SiC is the best candidate material to replace beryllium; it has the highest thermal stability and is second only to beryllium in specific stiffness for all known optical materials. We propose within this program to reduce the cost and delivery times associated with beryllium mirror systems, as well as eliminate the beryllium-related health issues associated with processing and handling these components by utilizing our CVC process to fabricate high performance, lightweight silicon carbide optical mirrors. Within this program, we will optimize a CVC SiC mirror design for advanced missile defense systems. This effort will optimize the stability and performance of the mirror, while minimizing the areal density and overall weight of the mirror, mounting and controlling systems. The reduced weight of the optical device will correspond to a launch cost reduction in space and flight based platforms. Since the optical surface is composed of silicon carbide, the lifetime and range of operating environments can be extended. We will also apply the CVC SiC process to the production of structures suitable for mounting fixtures. The specific stiffness advantage of beryllium can be surmounted through the geometric flexibility provided by the CVC process, while retaining CVC SiC's superior thermal stability. |
| VANGUARD COMPOSITES GROUP/DR TECHNO
5550 Oberlin Drive, Suite B San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(858) 587-4210
Mr. Robert Kolozs MDA 04-059 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Integrated Composite Design Alternatives to Beryllium for Advanced Interceptor Electro-Optics Structural Components |
| Abstract: | The missile defense Exoatmospheric interceptor Kill Vehicle (EKV) uses beryllium extensively in electronic, optical, and structural components to provide a high performance solution to meet weight, stiffness, thermal management, and other system requirements. Other advanced interceptor systems, such as the Kinetic Energy Interceptor (KEI) and Miniature Kill Vehicle (MKV), are also considering use of beryllium for structural components. Although beryllium provides high performance, it has cost and producibility issues related to its toxicity, availability, and fabrication long-lead time. No materials substitutions have yet been identified that can replace beryllium's performance. However, integrated composite designs are high performance substitutes for beryllium with lower cost and improved producibility. An integrated composite design approach has been demonstrated as an alternative to beryllium for the current EKV test bed configuration electronics unit (EU) housing and optical sensor sunshade (SS) cylindrical geometry structural configurations. Future EKV system upgrades, as well as new KEI and MKV systems, are expected to introduce more complex geometry configurations for electro-optics structural components that will result in even higher cost and less producible beryllium solutions. A program is proposed to develop and demonstrate an integrated composite design approach, using high performance graphite fiber-reinforced cyanate ester resin matrix composites and lightweight metallic materials, as an alternative to beryllium for advanced interceptor electro-optics structural components and complex geometry configurations. A Phase I program will demonstrate feasibility of the integrated composite design approach for advanced interceptor configuration for the EU housing and optical sensor SS components through design and analysis, fabrication of test articles, and conduct of materials properties testing. A Phase II program would then develop the integrated composite design approach and demonstrate performance for advanced interceptor full-scale EU housing and optical sensor SS components and configurations through design, fabrication, and thermal/structural tests. |
| WELKIN SCIENCES, LLC
2601 Rigel Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80906 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 930-1161
Mr. Blair Sawyer MDA 04-060 Awarded: 11MAY04 |
| Title: | Performance Enhancement of In-Flight Interceptor Communications System (IFICS) |
| Abstract: | The goal of the proposed program is to develop, build, and test a robust modem for the advanced IFICS. Phase I will address the key technical and programmatic issues that must be resolved to best upgrade the current IFICS modem. Improved communications link performance in the presence of a disturbed signal propagation environment will be obtained using a combination of state-of-the-art error-correction coding technology and non-coherent combining of repeated message blocks. |
| AGILTRON CORP.
220 Ballardvale St., Suite D Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-1006
Dr. Jack Salerno MDA 04-061 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Long Wavelength Acousto-optic Tunable Filters for Multispectral Imaging Applications |
| Abstract: | Utilizing recently available exceptional mercurous chloride (Hg2Cl2) acousto-optic material having the largest known optical filter figure of merit, we propose to develop a state-of-the-art high speed and wide-bandwidth long-wavelength acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). The proposed device has the desirable performance attributes of wide operating wavelength range, low optical loss, low power consumption, large aperture, large acceptance angle, high extinction, compactness, low mass, and high robustness. This proposed non-mechanical (true solid-state) optical device is ideally suited for multispectral imaging applications in that it offers continuous tuning over between 0.4 and 20 ÝIm with at tuning speed up to 10 KHz and is fully compatible with conventional IR imagers. Our approach innovatively overcomes the difficulties associated with commercial fabrication of acousto-optic devices by utilizing this new family of materials. A fabrication process will be developed to address device manufacturing requirements that are unique for Hg2Cl2 acousto-optic tunable filter fabrication. Moreover, coupling with Agiltron_s unique capability of producing high speed LWIR camera, this program further enables multispectral imaging system solution. In Phase I, extensive device simulations will be carried out to optimize the fabrication parameters, a prototype functional mercurous chloride based AOTF will be fabricated to demonstrate feasibility, and performance improvements will be assessed. |
| BODKIN DESIGN & ENGINEERING, LLC
P.O. Box 81386 Wellesley, MA 02481 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 235-6351
Mr. Andrew I. Sheinis MDA 04-061 Awarded: 03JUN04 |
| Title: | Infrared (IR) Multispectral Imager for the Next Generation EKV |
| Abstract: | We propose a new hyperspectral imaging technique based on a novel optical processor to enable the mid course characterization of a ballistic missile. The optical processor allows for the unprecedented capture of all three dimensions (two spatial and one spectral) of the data cube simultaneously. This device uses a 2-dimensional hyper-pixel array (HPA), that records the 2-D image and the spectrum of each pixel in each frame of data. Since the proprietary HPA design uses an optical parallel processor, it allows thousands of hyperpixels to be processed in parallel, at the speed of light. This leads to the virtually instantaneous creation of the data cube. The proposed system will have no moving parts, and have low signal-to-noise, which makes it ideal for imaging rapidly occurring events. |
| DYMAS RESEARCH, INC.
2910 Fox Run Dr. Plainsboro, NJ 08536 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 865-1103
Dr. Wei Hu MDA 04-061 Awarded: 19MAY04 |
| Title: | An advanced hyperspectral imaging system for target discrimination |
| Abstract: | The field of hyperspectral imaging has undergone tremendous development in the past decade. Research and development of the hyperspectral imaging in military applications has primarily focused on air-to-ground and space-to-ground reconnaissance of stationary military targets and terrestrial backgrounds. In this SBIR program, researchers of Dymas Research propose an innovative hyperspectral imaging system using our advanced high-speed electronic tunable filter system. This system has many critical advantages in term of cost, speed, power, and platform stability. We are confident that this unique hyperspectral imaging systems will provide a promising solution to low-cost, high performance target detection and discrimination for military and civilian applications. |
| SAGE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
1601 N Sepulveda Blvd, PMB 50 Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 455-0665
Dr. Keith Norsworthy MDA 04-061 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Infrared (IR) Multispectral Imager for the Next Generation EKV |
| Abstract: | This program defines (and evaluates) a new and improved multispectral infrared imaging sensor for use on an Exo-atmospheric Kill Vehicle. The sensor includes processing algorithms for discriminating between threat targets and decoys despite the presence of countermeasures, such as a chaff/aerosol cloud. The sensor uses a pair of fast-sampled large mosaic detector arrays, both cryogenically cooled to minimize internal sensor noise. A Linear Gradient (spectral) filter is placed in direct contact with one array, and makes image measurements in as many as 30 narrow infrared spectral bands to assist in the target/decoy discrimination. The second detector array operates with a broad infrared spectral band, and is used to acquire high signal to noise ratio (SNR) images that provide accurate information on the target positions. Sensor and system noise components such as FPA non-uniformities and inter-frame (and intra-frame) image jitter are attenuated by novel image processing concepts developed jointly by Sage Technologies and its subcontractor, DRS Sensors and Targeting Systems Division. The proposed work includes the definition and evaluation of new methods for characterizing closely spaced objects (CSOs), and for measuring the temperature difference between spatially unresolved CSO pairs |
| SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC.
4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 273-4770
Dr. Neil Goldstein MDA 04-061 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Adaptive Spectral Imager for the Next Generation EKV |
| Abstract: | Multispectral (ten or more spectral bands) imagers are required to assist in the mid-course discrimination function of the Exo-atmospheric Kill Vehicle (EKV) by providing infrared spectral signatures and temperature measurements of objects within the threat cloud. Spectral Sciences Incorporated (SSI) proposes to develop a novel adaptive spectral imager that delivers both high speed IR image data for tracking and detailed spectra for discriminating between targets and decoys. The spectral resolution could be adjusted during the course of a single mission to provide anything from panchromatic images (one band) to hyperspectral imagery with up to 100 bands. The sensor would provide full image data at rates limited only by the FPA readout. With future high-speed readouts, it would provide ten-twenty band multispectral images at data rates greater than 1 kHz. The novel spectral filtering concept provides a higher optical throughput than competing, Fabry-Perot and acousto-optic technology. It has no macro-scale moving parts and can be built in a robust, small, volume, and low-mass package. Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility of the spectral filtering approach and develop a conceptual design for a Phase II prototype operating in the LWIR, MWIR, or VLWIR . |
| TECOM INDUSTRIES, INC.
375 Conejo Ridge Avenue Thousand Oaks, CA 91361 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 267-0176
Mr. Arsen Melconian MDA 04-062 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Electronically Steerable IFICS Data Terminal Antennas |
| Abstract: | Current IFICS Data Terminal (IDTs, ground stations) communications antennas are based on dish structures, which need to be pointed rapidly. The need for physical pointing is a constraint on communications availability and performance. Electronically steerable antennas would reduce the need for antenna repositioning allowing more rapid and frequent communication events. The ground based antenna should be capable of receiving and transmitting in a half-duplex fashion in the 20 to 22 GHz range for up and down links. The ground system needs to be capable of high power transmission, rapid steering, provide narrow beamwidths (~ 3 degrees or less), and low noise temperatures. |
| SYNTONICS LLC
9160 Red Branch Road Columbia, MD 21045 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 884-0500
Mr. Bruce G. Montgomery MDA 04-063 Awarded: 22APR04 |
| Title: | Electronically Steerable Antenna for Kill Vehicle and Space Platforms |
| Abstract: | Syntonics is proposing a radically innovative concept: a Pixel-Addressable Reconfigurable Conformal Antenna (PARCA) that could meet the KV's requirements for simplicity, mass and robustness while providing near-all sky coverage. The feasibility of PARCA has not been demonstrated (yet), but earlier work by others suggests it merits further investigation, hence its suitability for a Phase I study. Syntonics will investigate the feasibility of a conformal, electronically steered antenna composed of conductive pixels formed using electrostatic, magnetic or plasma gas technology. An antenna built with the PARCA concept could provide near-all sky coverage and +15 dBi gain in the 20-22 GHz band when implemented as a ring or multiple discrete panels around the circumference of a KV. |
| WAVEBAND CORP.
17152 Armstrong Ave Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 253-4019
Dr. Vladimir Manasson MDA 04-063 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Compact Hologram Antenna for Kill Vehicle |
| Abstract: | A new electronically steerable antenna design is proposed. It features flexible hologram beam forming, an MMIC aperture, and a light weight, low profile, sturdy design, reciprocal operation (transmission and receiving), low power consumption, and cost effective manufacture and operation. In Phase I of the project WaveBand Corporation proposes to develop a conceptual design, accommodated for Kill Vehicle applications, and make modeling and simulations to predict antenna performance and estimate its size, weight and power requirements. The use of semiconductor devices as wavefront control elements for achieving pixelized reconfigurable aperture and quasi-optical hologram beamforming, eliminating the traditional phase shifters, provides revolutionary and attractive solutions to technical challenges. The pixelized antenna element can be implemented into millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits (MMIC) and eventually integrated monolithically with transmit-and-receive components which can be very compact, light weight, radiation-hard, and capable of very high-G for kill vehicle applications. |
| XCOM WIRELESS, INC.
2815 Junipero Ave #110 Signal Hill, CA 90755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(562) 981-0077
Dr. Daniel Hyman MDA 04-063 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rugged MEMS-Enabled Ku-Band Phased Arrays |
| Abstract: | XCom Wireless is a developer of micromachined microwave circuitry for filters and phased array antennas, high-performance components identified as critical technologies for the next generations of defense and commercial RF electronics. XCom MEMS-based RF circuitry provides a direct chip-scale alternative to solid-state components and modules so aerospace communications and radar system prime contractors can easily upgrade to chips that save weight, space, power, and money. The proposed effort is to design a Kill Vehicle communications phased array antenna at 20/22 GHz that will allow rapid electronic steering of the antenna beam. The design will employ the hybrid MEMS and packaging technologies already being refined at XCom, and will benefit from continuing improvements supported by the complementary MEMS and antenna programs XCom has with AFRL, DARPA, the Army, and NASA. This continuing level of support provides directly relevant process and experiment background to this phased array design program, and prepares for prototype fabrication, test, and refinement in the Phase II effort. Hybrid assembly of RF circuit elements with RF MEMS promises low-cost and rapid manufacturing for high-performance antenna front-end needs, access to robust hermetic encapsulation techniques for shock survivability, and severe temperature tolerance for operation through launch, in space, and in other harsh environments. |
| INSTRUMENTAL SCIENCES, INC.
P.O. Box 4711 Huntsville, AL 35815 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 881-9980
Mr. Jeffrey S. Yalowitz MDA 04-064 Awarded: 07MAY04 |
| Title: | Predictive Fault Detection for Unmanned Communications Facilities |
| Abstract: | Communications systems depend on the health of their equipment and components to perform reliably over extended periods of time. Maintaining the health of equipment in remote, unmanned communications terminals is especially critical, because unscheduled repairs take longer and have more impact on system availability than is the case for manned facilities with short logistics lines. Instrumental Sciences, Inc. (ISI) proposes new predictive fault detection methods, combining a model-based architecture with multivariate signal processing, trend analysis, identification techniques, and situation assessment algorithms. The proposed approach integrates the techniques into a cognitive processing architecture with decision algorithms that provides timely maintenance action recommendations for maintainers to perform before actual failures occur. The predictive fault detection capability enables predictive condition-based maintenance, which minimizes downtime and use resources efficiently, to replace schedule-based preventive maintenance, which is costly and impacts readiness. Primary objectives of the proposed Phase I effort are to (1) demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed predictive fault detection approach for unmanned communications facilities and (2) evaluate the potential system availability improvements and life cycle cost savings of this predictive fault detection capability over conventional schedule based maintenance and other prognostics methods. |
| NOVA ENGINEERING, INC.
5 Circle Freeway Drive Cincinnati, OH 45246 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(513) 554-2054
Mr. Scott Macejak MDA 04-066 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Software Modem for Kill Vehicle & IFICS |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project proposes to develop an innovative hardware and software which provides communications to an Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle (EKV). Two candidate architectures are proposed that will function on a vehicle that is severely constrained in size, weight, and power, operating within a radiation-saturated environment, experiencing a high Doppler effect, and communicating through a scintillating channel. The architecture that best meets the requirements of this application will be implemented in Phase II. The first architecture is a solution based on a pair of FPGAs. Its key innovation is the coupling of a reconfigurable FPGA and a radiation hardened one time programmable (OTP) FPGA. The OTP FPGA will be used as a repository for various functional blocks, while the reprogrammable FPGA will be used as the configuration manager. The second architecture is a solution based on a DSP core implemented in an OTP FPGA. Its key innovation is the use of the OTP FPGA to implement a DSP core, complementary signal processing functions, and an error detection and correction unit. The Phase I project aims to accomplish the following five objectives. The first objective is to specify two different test waveforms that will function in a scintillating channel. The second objective is to verify the performance of the waveforms in a scintillating channel. The third objective is to a produce a high level block diagram of a transceiver that can support either waveform. The fourth objective is to specify two hardware architectures capable of running either waveform. The fifth objective is to compare the architectures and determine which is best suited for the application. |
| SCHAFER CORP.
321 Billerica Road Chelmsford, MA 01824 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 338-2865
Dr. William A. Goodman MDA 04-067 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Fabrication of Mirrors |
| Abstract: | MDA and the Air Force are interested in low cost, rapidly fabricated, stiff, lightweight mirror technologies for meter-class optics. Schafer and teammate SRS Technologies propose to directly produce large diameter replicated mirrors using liquid phase processing to generate a 0 CTE glass foam support structure to support a polymer membrane (CP1T-DE) close-out (mirror surface) material. Schafer Low Expansion Glass (LEG) FoamT is a porous glass material that has been composited with a negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) material, to produce a low density, near 0 CTE (low expansion) glass-ceramic material with the consistency of a drinking glass. The open-celled porous LEG FoamT substrate surface is closed-out using several microns of CP1T-DE high-thickness uniformity polymer membrane material. A low cost, lightweight (1-2 kg/m2 areal density), stiff replicated mirror could be manufactured in several days to weeks. |
| SSG, INC.
65 Jonspin Road Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9991
Mr. Joseph Robichaud MDA 04-067 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Stressed Mirror Polishing of Silicon Carbide Aspheric Mirrors |
| Abstract: | Aspheric mirror fabrication requires a series of sophisticated, time consuming manufacturing processes. Programs like Airborne Laser (ABL) which require relatively large aspheric mirrors which are aggressively lightweighted add further complexity to the manufacturing process, in this way, further extending the timescale required for mirror manufacturing. Stressed Mirror Polishing (SMP) has been demonstrated to be a novel optical manufacturing approach which can greatly reduce and simplify the production of large aspheric mirrors. SMP has been successfully applied to produce the 36+ hexagonal glass mirror segments (simple slabs) for the two Keck telescopes. Stressed mirror polishing allows the use of a large spherical grind/polish tool (10x - 50x larger grinding area than more traditional small tool polishing approaches) which greatly reduces the manufacturing time associated with aspheric optical fabrication. SSG's Tinsley Laboratories subsidiary has applied the SMP process to produce 18 of the two meter Keck mirror segments. Once the process was proven out Tinsley was producing these two meter aspheric optics at a rate of X per month. SMP has been proven to be an exceptionally fast process when it is applied to simple slab mirror geometries, however, attempts to apply the process to lightweighted glass mirror substrates has resulted in catastrophic failures. In these cases the non-uniform distribution of stresses into these rib-supported glass mirror substrates has resulted in substrate fractures. SSG proposes the application of the stressed mirror polishing process to aggressively lightweighted Reaction Bonded (RB) Silicon Carbide (SiC) mirror substrates. RB SiC is > 5x more fracture tough than ULE glass, making stressed mirror polishing of rib-supported SiC mirrors viable. SSG's near-net-shape RB SiC manufacturing process provides additional schedule benefits in that the lightweighted substrate can be produced with little to no machining, this process brings the substrate manufacturing process down from 12 - 16 months (based on frit bonded, lightweighted ULE as a comparison) to 2 - 3 months. We expect SMP of an aggressively lightweighted mirror substrate, suitable for a program like ABL, to result in significant surface quilting. The manufacturing process we proposed utilizes Tinsley's unique Computer Controlled Optical Surfacing (CCOS) technique to remove this print through as the final surface improvement step. Tinsley's CCOS process has been demonstrated to produce ultra-high quality surfaces (< 2 nm RMS aspheric surfaces produced for Hubble Space Telescope correction optics) while also being able to remove quilting from aggressively lightweighted optical surfaces (10 kg/m2 Beryllium AMSD mirror). The work proposed combines SSG's extensive experience with SiC flight optics and RB SiC manufacturing with Tinsley's expertise in stressed mirror polishing and computer controlled optical surfacing to create a novel, rapid, aspheri |
| THOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
2415 Princeton Dr. NE, Suite B Albuquerque, NM 87107 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 830-6986
Dr. Stuart T Schwab MDA 04-067 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Fabrication of Mirrors |
| Abstract: | Interest in silicon-carbide based optics continues to grow because of the material's low density, high stiffness, and other properties. Unfortunately, fabrication of optical quality surfaces on SiC is exceedingly slow and costly. Thor Technologies has teamed with the New Mexico Tech Optical Surface Technologies group to demonstrate an innovative processing technology that reduces the time to polish silicon carbide dramatically. |
| SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC.
3490 U.S. Route 1, Building 12 Princeton, NJ 08540 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 524-0247
Mr. Matthew T. O'Grady MDA 04-068 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Shortwave Infrared Imaging System for Ultra-High-Speed Tracking of Multiple Targets |
| Abstract: | We will develop and deliver an imaging system capable of simultaneously tracking up to 8 independent objects at rates in excess of 1000 frames per second. The system will incorporate a novel indium gallium arsenide focal plane array and camera and will be sensitive to the 0.9 mm to 1.7 mm shortwave infrared wavelength band. The final deliverable will be capable of imaging multiple regions-of-interest ("windows") of random sizes, shapes, and locations and will allow for potentially overlapping windows. Algorithms will be developed for the identification of the relevant objects with tracking implemented by relocating the windows after each frame. In the final system, the tracking algorithms and implementation will be included in on-board system logic. The final imaging system will be compatible with Sensors Unlimited's MicroCamera architecture and thus suitable for use in missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. During Phase I we will develop a proof-of-concept demonstration using focal plane arrays and cameras currently under development for other DoD programs as well as design of the control logic of the Phase II focal plane array. The Phase I final deliverable will consist of an imaging system including both hardware and software suitable for replicating the proof-of-concept demonstration. |
| VOXTEL, INC.
12725 SW Millikan Way, Suite 300 Beaverton, OR 97005 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(503) 906-7906
Mr. George M. Williams MDA 04-068 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optical Sensor for Tracking and Discrimination of Multiple Targets |
| Abstract: | In this Phase I SBIR program, Voxtel, Inc. proposes to develop a novel focal plane technology aimed at enhancing the passive and active ground-based, deep space surveillance and tracking of multiple targets in real-time. To increase the performance and functionality of tracking focal plane arrays, we have designed a monolithic, deep-depletion, SOI CMOS imager, with low noise. On-chip functions include random readout, variable windowing shuttering, and snapshot integration. Uniquely, the imager is compatible with commercial SOI CMOS fabrication processes and is scalable to large format focal planes, thereby increasing the field of view while maintaining tracking accuracy. In Phase I, leveraging we will model and simulate the in-pixel and focal plane circuits, we will assess tracking performance capabilities, and we will layout the chip for Phase II fabrication. |
| AMERICAN GNC CORP.
888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 582-0582
Dr. Ching-Fang Lin MDA 04-069 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Integrated Inertial Stabilization Mechanism for Laser Pointing Systems |
| Abstract: | The objective of this Phase I project is to design a micro inertial stabilization mechanism with embedded microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors, for laser pointing and stabilization. The stabilization mechanism design is based on AGNC-developed MEMS gyro technology and integrates the mechanical design of the platform with the microelectromechanical design of the inertial sensors. The application of the MEMS inertial sensors makes it possible to build a small, light, low-power, inexpensive and accurate pointing and stabilization system. The proposed inertial stabilization system has two gimbals that allow a mirror surface on the platform to be stabilized inertially, and, thus, the vehicle motion and vibration induced interference to the platform is isolated. This stabilization system meets the airborne application requirements by its small size, light weight, low power, fast beam steering, and reduced cost in design and production. It can be used in aircraft for laser pointing and tracking, camera and telescope stabilization control, optical communications, antenna pointing, telescope stabilization, laser pointing and control, and vehicle guidance. At the end of the project, a demonstration system will be presented. |
| INSITUTEC, INC.
9625-B, Vinca Circle Charlotte, NC 28213 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(704) 503-6908
Mr. Shane Woody MDA 04-069 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ultra-high strain, single crystals and a Monolithic Mirror-Flexure Mechanism for Fast Steering Mirrors |
| Abstract: | The goal of this collaborative effort between InsituTec Inc. (NC), TRS Technologies Inc. (Pa) and Center for Precision Metrology at University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC is to demonstrate the closed loop control of a high-speed, long-range rotational stage. This proposal addresses design, manufacture and testing of a high-bandwidth steering-mirror employing a monolithic mirror-flexure structure and ultra-high strain actuators (PMN-PT single crystals) providing a single degree of freedom rotational translator with a maximum angle exceeding 8 mRads with a resolution of better than 1 æRad, rapid settling times, power consumption of less than 1 kW, 50 ksps sampling rates, mechanical bandwidth exceeding 1 kHz. To reduce overall power consumption, a novel dual bandwidth actuator and driver will be developed for small amplitude, high bandwidth fine positioning with a lower slew rate coarse control. The total size of the mirrors will be up to 300 mm in diameter. In service, the device will also need to be robust to withstand airborne conditions due to external disturbances such as high temperatures, vibration and inertial forces. The FSM's mechanical system will require reliability, low power consumption, light-weight, thermal and temporal stability, and low mechanical noise. A full assessment of these attributes plus issues associated with manufacture, supply chain and commercialization will be further developed in a phase II effort. |
| XINETICS, INC.
115 Jackson Rd. Devens, MA 01432 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 772-0352
Mr. John Wellman MDA 04-069 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of novel high bandwidth beam steering mirrors |
| Abstract: | A High Energy steering mirror capable of kilohertz response and submicroradian accuracy in a power efficient design using the combination of ultralightweight silicon carbide with compact XiWave actuators is proposed. Past designs of High-Energy Uncooled Fast steering mirrors trace their legacy to single crystal silicon VLA coated turning flats and voice coil actuators. Xinetics proposes an improved steering mirror concept to provide rapid beam steering in HEL laser beam control systems. The proposed design would use a lightweight silicon carbide mirror reducing the mirror weight from 17 lbs for a solid silicon substrate to less than 3 lbs. The reduced inertia of the lightweight mirror design will improve dynamic performance. Existing steering mirror concepts use COTS actuators that tend to be bulky and consume significant electrical power. The proposed design would use XIWAVE motors to accurately point the mirror and achieve both long stoke and kilohertz response. XiWave actuators are ultrasonic motors used to rotate a fine pitch screw. The piezoelectric tube produces high precision direct strain actuation in addition to ultrasonic vibration. Using this hybrid approach, both long stroke and fast movement can be achieved in the same actuator with high stiffness, small size and significantly reduced power requirements. |
| CSA ENGINEERING, INC.
2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 210-9000
Mr. Paul Janzen MDA 04-070 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Modular Platform for Active Noise and Vibration Control |
| Abstract: | The Airborne Laser program has an ongoing need to minimize the risks associated with jitter due to acoustically-induced and structure-borne vibrations of sensitive optical equipment. This proposal describes a series of interoperable hardware and software modules designed to quickly implement active noise and vibration control techniques. The modules constitute an active control platform capable of integrating a variety of sensors, actuators, and active control algorithms. Development of the proposed platform will allow the ABL team to evaluate active noise and vibration control solutions in a fraction of the time that would be required to develop a problem-specific solution. The platform will be based on control architectures and algorithms that have been proven in hardware. The research will focus on achieving dramatic reductions in deployment time, making active noise and vibration mitigation as easy to apply as most passive techniques. The Phase I effort will consist of four tasks: requirements definition; conceptual design of the various modules and their interfaces; implementation of a small number of modules to form a prototype active controller; and testing the prototype in a real-world environment. The resulting products will have applicability to a wide range of vibration problems faced by both government and commercial customers. |
| SEQUOIA TECHNOLOGIES
5021 Indian School Road NE, Suite 300 Albquerque, NM 87059 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 280-3393
Dr. Jerry Alcone MDA 04-070 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Adaptive Mitigation of Acoustically Induced Jitter for Airborne Laser |
| Abstract: | This effort investigates an adaptive acoustic mitigation approach for reducing jitter in airborne directed energy platforms such as the airborne laser. Key benefits of the approach are reduced latency, improved correlation to the disturbance, its relative simplicity in implementation, and ability to integrate with other ABL control systems. This approach offers significant advantages in improving efficiency (weight and power) when compared to direct acoustic cancellation approaches. A key phase I contribution is a proof-of-concept demonstration on a lightweight composite gimbal with acoustic and base motion disturbances. The proposed research offers an immediate opportunity to improve the performance of existing acquisition, tracking, and pointing systems via improved disturbance rejection and pointing capabilities. |
| IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
125 Tech Park Drive Rochester, NY 14623 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(585) 424-1990
Mr. Gregory J. Kacprzynski MDA 04-071 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Optical System Health Management for the Airborne Laser |
| Abstract: | Impact Technologies, in collaboration with HR Textron and Luna Innovations, propose the development of an innovative health management system for the Airborne Laser (ABL) but applicable to optical systems in general. The Optical Health Management System or OHMS, will be both a model-based and data-driven diagnostic system capable of unprecedented fault detection and isolation (reasoning). Furthermore, component and system-level prognostics will be employed where applicable all told enabling reduced troubleshooting times and maintenance logistics footprint over a system's lifecycle. While innovative optical sensing technologies are proposed, the core program focuses on enhanced fault detection, isolation and, in some cases, automated contingency management via ABL dynamic model generated Reasoners that make optimal use of existing evidence sources. A comprehensive system concept consisting of an on-board system for anomaly detection, diagnostics and operational/mission impact working in conjunction with ground support software for state-of-the-art maintainer interfaces and integrated XML databases will be demonstrated at the end of the Phase I program. Case studies showcasing the decision accuracy improvement and maintenance cost reduction possible with OHMS will be developed using simulated ABL optical faults and sets of actual optical system performance data provided by HR Textron. |
| NOVAWAVE TECHNOLOGIES
230A Twin Dolphin Drive Redwood City, CA 94065 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 610-0956
Dr. James J. Scherer MDA 04-071 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Ultrasensitive, Real-Time Optical Health Monitoring System |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR project seeks to develop an ultrasensitive optical monitoring instrument that is capable of measuring changes in the performance of critical HEL optical components in real-time. The instrument will rapidly and precisely detect extremely small changes in optical loss with high temporal resolution over an extended period of time, and provide a history for subsequent correlation with ABL/SBL system performance. The system will provide a means of correlating a change in laser performance or onset of damage with the reduction in performance of specific ABL components at the relevant wavelength (e.g. 1315 nm, 1064 nm, etc). The system will detect changes in performance that occur due to a host of different mechanisms, including contaminant outgassing, particle loading, and substrate or coating degradation. The Phase I research will demonstrate a bench top version of the core platform as well as identify suitable subcomponents that will be required for the Phase II Prototype. The ability to quantify minor changes in the performance of ABL relevant optics will be demonstrated, and performance anticipated of the Phase II prototype will be estimated. Specifically, vacuum compatible designs will be determined for subsequent integration into the HEL environment during Phase II. |
| SEQUOIA TECHNOLOGIES
17 Escena Drive Tijeras, NM 87059 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 280-3393
Dr. Jerry Alcone MDA 04-072 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Modular Composite Gimbal and Control Architecture for Improved Precision and Disturbance Rejection in Airborne Applications |
| Abstract: | This effort investigates an advanced modular composite gimbal architecture for application to high performance acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) systems. The effort focuses on application to the Airborne Laser (ABL) and similar directed energy systems. A key contribution is a proof-of-concept demonstration of Gimbal Adaptive Disturbance Rejection for dramatically improving disturbance rejection and pointing performance of the gimbal system. Additional innovations include: an athermalized bearing design that optimizes stiffness characteristics, mechanical and electronic techniques for improving motor drive performance, and a composites fabrication methodology for improving structural performance while significantly lowering manufacturing costs. The proposed research offers an immediate opportunity to improve performance of existing acquisition, tracking, and pointing systems via improved disturbance rejection and pointing capabilities. Longer term it enables future gimbal systems that will be less costly to manufacture and maintain, smaller and lighter, lower power, and provide significantly improved disturbance rejection and pointing capabilities. |
| SSG, INC.
65 Jonspin Road Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9991
Dr. Holger Luther MDA 04-072 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Lightweight Modular Precision Gimbal Systems |
| Abstract: | Beam steering and LOS correction elements for future airborne threat detection and counter-weapon applications require performance capabilities that exceed those available from commercial gimbals. Architectures seek lightweight, modular, precision gimbal systems that can handle the inherent nonlinearity of airborne disturbance environment; possess high specific stiffness of the gimbal structure for high performance; and provide high-resolution and rate stabilization over two-axes of articulation. SSG Precision Optronics proposes the development of a high performance, fiber-optic gyro-stabilized, two-axis, precision gimbal system based upon technologies we have demonstrated in the Aerojet Scan Mirror Assembly and the Pointing Mirror Assembly for Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transfer Spectrometer (GIFTS). Key mechanisms important to the proposed gimbal design are Inductosyn position encoders, tangentially mounted Lorentz force actuators, precision contact bearings, pivot flexures, and fiber-optic gyroscopes. Materials for consideration include reaction-bonded silicon-carbide for the mirror substrate, and fiber-reinforced SiC for the gimbal structure. The design form proposed will most likely resemble the Aerojet SMA and GIFTS PMA but will incorporate technologies suitable to the end-application. Applicable components and devices will also be prototyped and evaluated within the Phase 1 which will produce a gimbal design model for prototyping in Phase 2. |
| NANOHMICS, INC.
6201 East Oltorf St., Suite 100 Austin, TX 78741 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 389-9990
Dr. Byron Zollars MDA 04-073 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Singlet-Delta Oxygen Generation via Electron Impact Excitation |
| Abstract: | Chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (COIL) are being developed for use in several MDA mission areas, in part due to their favorable operating wavelength, relatively high chemical efficiency, and their ability to be scaled to high beam powers. Unfortunately, the reagents and fluid-handling equipment associated with generation of one of the laser reactants (metastable oxygen) are bulky, hazardous to personnel, and are, in general, not well-suited for an aircraft or space environment. Nanohmics proposes to develop a metastable oxygen generator for COIL based on electron-impact excitation of gaseous O2, using electrons produced via field emission from an array of carbon-based nanostructures. The generator we propose will allow production of a high-yield flow of metastable oxygen without contamination by atomic oxygen, water vapor, hydrogen peroxide, or other species that can adversely affect the downstream laser components or can cause quenching of the excited iodine. |
| PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC.
20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 689-0003
Dr. W. Terry Rawlins MDA 04-073 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Chemical Iodine Lasers |
| Abstract: | Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to demonstrate the generation of singlet oxygen, O_2(a^1 delta), by a novel high-power, high-throughput, microwave induced plasma jet, as a potential source for an electrically pumped, recyclable chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) system. The discharge concept employs a low-pressure, non-equilibrium adaptation of a method previously developed for atmospheric-pressure applications. The discharge effluent flow will be expanded through a supersonic nozzle and probed by advanced optical diagnostics previously developed at PSI. Small amounts of I_2 will be injected into the flow to gauge the overall performance of the system for excitation of the I(^2P_1/2) -> I(^2P_3/2) laser transition at 1.315 micrometer. The key diagnostics are (1) absolutely calibrated emission spectroscopy to determine concentrations, rotational temperatures, and vibrational populations of O_2(a^1 delta) and concentrations of I(^2P_1/2), and (2) tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of atomic iodine to determine small signal gain, gas temperature, and quantities related to atomic iodine concentration. Successful completion of the Phase I work will lead directly to a Phase II program which is focused on the development and implementation of a singlet oxygen generation system which can be interfaced to existing COIL test beds for development of a prototype. |
| DIRECTED ENERGY SOLUTIONS
14230 Timberedge Lane Colorado Springs, CO 80921 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 593-2408
Dr. Jason K. Brasseur MDA 04-074 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Chemical Leak Sensors |
| Abstract: | We propose a novel approach for the development of a highly-sensitive chemical leak sensor for the detection of Cl2, NH3, O2, I2 and H2O2 at the part per million (ppm) level. Our device approach utilizes Raman spectroscopy for species identification, diode lasers as the Raman pump source, high finesse cavities (HFCs) for passive optical pump enhancement, and an integrating sphere for efficient signal gathering. The proposed device is capable of generating and capturing 50,000 to 100,000 photons/sec for all the gases at a concentration of 1 ppm. These large photons rates allow for species detection with low-cost, highly reliable photo-diode or avalanche photo-diode arrays. Specifically, the detection system will use a commercially available diode laser a high finesse cavity in an integrating sphere with the laser diode emitting at 790 nm passively locked to the cavity. Due to the use of commercial laser diodes system lifetimes on the order of 10,000 to 50,000 hours is predicted. |
| INVERATECH CORP.
One Broadway, Suite 600 Cambridge, MA 02142 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 663-8670
Dr. Vern Shrauger MDA 04-074 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Fast, robust chemical leak sensors based upon MEMS IR spectrometers |
| Abstract: | We propose the development of a miniaturized, robust spectrometer useful for sensing of chemical leaks in air- and space-craft. The unit is designed to satisfy the requirements of MDA04-74 solicitation and will utilize COTS (consumer off-the-shelf) optical and electronic components in conjunction with several novel MEMS-based Fabry-Perot spectrometers to sense the IR absorption spectrum of a sample gas. Rapid chemical species identification will take place via correlation of the acquired IR spectrum a gas sample against reference spectra held in a database located in on-board electronics. Due to the miniaturization afforded by MEMS technology, the spectrometer may be scanned at a rate of hundreds or thousands of sweeps per second, thereby enabling multiple species identification within seconds. An entire leak detection unit will incorporate several miniature spectrometers, each covering a different waveband; broad spectral coverage will ensure identification of many different species. The electronic system allows for ready updating of the monitored substance database and can be easily interfaced to wired or wireless sensor networks. |
| METROLASER, INC.
2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(949) 553-0688
Dr. Drew L'Esperance MDA 04-074 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Compact Raman and Fluorescence Detector for Rapid Detection of Chemical Leaks |
| Abstract: | Chemical leaks from Chemical Oxygen Iodine Lasers (COIL) in aircraft release toxic gases that can endanger the flight crew. We propose to develop an optical sensor to detect four toxic gases used in COIL systems: iodine, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia. In addition, the proposed sensor will monitor oxygen levels in the aircraft. The proposed sensor will apply a combination of Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Raman to detect the gases at concentrations well below their Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL), and trigger an alarm when the concentrations exceed the PEL. The innovation of the proposed sensor is to use a single laser source for all of the gases, facilitating the development of a rugged, compact system that can be deployed in an airplane. The proposed sensor will have distinct advantages over conventional sensors that rely on chemical reactions between the target gases and a sensitive element. It will operate even when exposed to high concentrations of hazardous chemicals, it will not be harmed by decompression, and its warm-up time will be shorter than existing gas sensors. The Phase I work plan consists of defining the measurement requirements, estimating signal levels, constructing a proof-of-concept breadboard, performing laboratory experiments, and establishing a calibration procedure. |
| NOVAWAVE TECHNOLOGIES
230A Twin Dolphin Drive Redwood City, CA 94065 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 610-0956
Dr. Joshua Paul MDA 04-074 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Real-Time Ultra-Sensitive NH3 Sensor for Chemical Leak Detection |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovative Research Phase I proposal seeks to develop an ultra-sensitive, in-situ point sensor for NH3 leak detection onboard Airborne Laser aircraft. The proposed instrument will be capable of rapidly (<10 s) detecting sub-ppbv ambient NH3 concentrations with high specificity. This compact, lightweight instrument will be capable of long-term unattended operation, and will easily handle multitude of stresses encountered during flight. The Phase I research will demonstrate the feasibility of the technology by performing measurements using a bench-scale laboratory instrument that employs novel spectroscopic detection method in conjunction with a robust solid-state laser source. The results of these tests will be used to quantify detection limits for a Phase II instrument. Commercial systems based on the Phase II prototype will be developed and marketed during Phase III. |
| LEFT HAND DESIGN CORP.
7901 Oxford Road Longmont, CO 80503 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 652-2786
Mr. Lawrence M. Germann MDA 04-075 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High-Bandwidth Steering Mirrors for Highly Coherant 150mm and 300mm Optical Beams |
| Abstract: | Precision 2-axis fine-steering mirror (FSM) applications are characterized by control bandwidths typically <1.5 kHz and rarely >3 kHz and position sensors with 0.1 microradian resolution at ñ10mrad travel. LHDC's current FR150-35-ZD-RC technology achieves 1000 Hz -3 dB closed-loop servo control bandwidth of the base-referenced position servo with ñ10 mrad travel. Increasingly, applications like high-energy weapons and optical communications require higher bandwidths without sacrificing resolution, sometimes with smaller travel. The ABL program prefers 5,000 Hz bandwidth and ñ1 mrad travel. The proposed innovations address this need. LHDC understands that the ABL program requires an optical surface figure error of 50-100 milli-wave PV at 0.63 uM. LHDC's FSM's mirror flatness was limited by the attachment of suspension and actuator components. LHDC's 1999 Phase II JPL SBIR program recently developed an attachment technique for the FR150-35-ZD-RC which is expected to prove 50-100 milli-wave PV performance for 150mm FSM. The proposed effort provides similar solutions for the larger FR300 FSM. The innovations are a compact configuration with unique components and an advanced servo controller to achieve 5 kHz control bandwidth, 50-100 milli-wave PV flatness and sub-microradian resolution. This technology also significantly reduces size, power and mass of the FSM mechanism and control electronics. |
| QORTEK, INC.
2400 Reach Road, Suite 204 Williamsport, PA 17701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(570) 322-2700
Dr. Gareth J. Knowles MDA 04-075 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of novel high bandwidth beam steering mirrors |
| Abstract: | The QorTek/Goodrich team is proposing a novel high stiffness SiC-SiC/C FSM design that incorporates a new self-assimilated actuation concept for multi-kHz tilt correction capability. The design concept will enable larger mirror clear aperture to be a reachable goal. The novel solution will enable a new level of performance in a compact lightweight design that is readily amenable to both conventional and fully distributed tip-tilt Fast Steering Mirror implementations. The high-speed microcontroller uses colocated sub nanometer absolute position sensing self-integrated into the actuator that exhibits large dynamic range and promises exceptional performance. |
| SSG, INC.
65 Jonspin Road Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9991
Dr. Holger Luther MDA 04-075 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of novel high bandwidth beam steering mirrors |
| Abstract: | Airborne HEL applications require very stable optical line of sight jitter control. Recent requirements specify a broad range of control bandwidths from 100's hertz to a few kilohertz with corresponding LOS correction of a few milli-radians to 10's of micro-radians. These requirements are beyond current FSM technologies in a single FSM device, rather, up to three separate FSM systems tailored to specific BW and LOS excursion ranges are daisy-chained. SSG Precision Optronics proposes an integrated two-stage FSM system where a high BW fine jitter control FSM is supported by a low BW coarse fast steering platform. This approach saves space and replaces multiple elements with a single surface. The design of the fine jitter control mirror presents a particular challenge to meet stringent dynamic response and WFE requirements. However, SSG has developed a preliminary solution for further study and will prototype a scaled version from castable reaction-bonded SiC for dynamic testing in Phase 1. Developing the fine jitter stage mechanism is also a challenge where SSG offers two approaches capable of 1-2kHz BW that can be improved with further analysis. The results of analysis and dynamic testing will form the design of a dual-stage FSM device prototyped in Phase 2. |
| COMBUSTION PROPULSION & BALLISTIC T
1217 Smithfield Street State College, PA 16801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(814) 238-6989
Dr. Kenneth K. Kuo MDA 04-076 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Accelerator for Hydrogen Peroxide Cat Bed Start |
| Abstract: | A novel accelerator system will be developed to enhance oxygen generation from a hydrogen-peroxide catalytic bed, for the purpose of improving start-up performance and reducing system response time. The system will rapidly increase system temperature using chemical stimulation of the hydrogen peroxide, as opposed to power-consuming electrical heaters currently in use. This system design concept will be evaluated experimentally, with possible supplemental stimulation by ultraviolet and/or acoustic sources. The chemical stimulation will be induced by a network of channels containing highly reactive agents, which will be selected based on laboratory tests of their reactivity with hydrogen peroxide. The accelerator's supply channels will be designed to uniformly release the chemical into the hydrogen peroxide stream during system startup period. The channels will be isolated from the catalytic bed system at all other times, to prevent interference with the steady-state operation of the catalytic bed and chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) system it supplies. The improvement to hydrogen peroxide breakdown rates will be quantified and reported, and the concept will be prepared for scaling to an actual catalytic bed system. |
| LYNNTECH, INC.
7607 Eastmark Drive, Suite 102 College Station, TX 77840 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(979) 693-0017
Dr. Alan Cisar MDA 04-076 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Rapid Starting Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition System |
| Abstract: | Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an excellent way to store oxygen. It is infinitely miscible with water to produce easily handled solutions that are liquid from below 0 øC to above 100 øC. A liter of 50 wt% H2O2 contains as much available O2 as a cylinder of gas at a pressure of 2,860 psia, while a 90 wt% solution is equivalent to a pressure of 6,000 psia. Current systems for catalytically decomposing H2O2 are effective, but cannot start rapidly enough to efficiently supply a system operating in a pulsed mode, especially at low temperatures, without consuming either large amounts of electrical energy or a constant flow of peroxide. This system will use a flash heated catalyst bed to initiate both thermal and catalytic decomposition and quickly supply oxygen. It also includes a low thermal mass catalyst bed that quickly heats to operating temperature and carries out the continuing catalyses. The flash heating system operates for only a short time and is recharged using only a small power draw. |
| PRECISION COMBUSTION, INC.
410 Sackett Point Road North Haven, CT 06473 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 287-3700
Dr. Gilbert O. Kraemer MDA 04-076 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Novel Accelerator for Hydrogen Peroxide Cat Bed Start |
| Abstract: | An internal, low power accelerator for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalytic decomposition reactors can provide significant size, weight and cost reductions over traditional external heaters used to elevate the initial temperature of catalytic reactors for the Airborne Laser. Electrical power consumption could potentially be reduced several orders of magnitude by utilizing catalytic Microlithr elements placed at the main catalyst bed entrance. Only a small fraction of the reactant boundary layer, near the catalyst surface, is heated to the catalyst light-off temperature resulting in rapid exothermic decomposition. Heat from decomposing hydrogen peroxide in the boundary layer would raise the local mixture temperature, stimulating rapid decomposition on adjacent unheated catalytic Microlithr elements of liquid or vapor phase H2O2. The anticipated length of the catalytic accelerator to be demonstrated in a bench scale unit during Phase I is less than 1 cm (0.4"). A full-scale unit would be demonstrated in Phase II based on the Phase I results. Other vehicle and satellite propulsion applications would also greatly benefit from a method to light-off a catalytic decomposition reactor (H2O2, N2O, N2H4, etc.) independent of reactant inlet and housing temperature. This system could also be retrofitted into the existing ABL propellant delivery system circuit. |
| SIENNA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
19501 144th Avenue NE, Suite F-500 Woodinville, WA 98072 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(425) 485-7272
Dr. Ender Savrun MDA 04-076 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Microwave Accelerator for Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyst Beds |
| Abstract: | Methods are sought that will heat a small hydrogen peroxide decomposition chamber in a pilot reactor rapidly to a point where thermal or catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be safely and spontaneously initiated. The heat output from the pilot reactor will then bring the main reactor up to operating temperature. This SBIR program will demonstrate the potential of a microwave-powered accelerator for noncatalytic starts of hydrogen peroxide decomposition reactors. Complex permittivity measurements on hydrogen peroxide with different concentrations will be carried out to identify the frequency region for maximum microwave absorption for a given concentration. Microwave dielectric heating experiments in the frequency region of maximum absorption will be performed to establish a relationship between microwave power requirement and reactor volume for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Dr. Mark V. Zagarola MDA 04-077 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Demonstration of a 10 K Multistage Cryocooler |
| Abstract: | Advanced space-borne infrared detectors require cooling at temperatures near 10 K. Cooling loads for these detectors will range from 0.25 to 1.0 W at 10 K, with additional loads at higher temperatures. A multistage cooler, capable of cooling multiple loads, will offer large potential gains in system efficiency and weight. Turbomachine-based, Brayton cryocoolers are ideal candidates for these missions because they are highly efficient, lightweight, vibration-free, adaptable to multiple stages, and have long, maintenance-free lifetimes. State-of-the-art technology exists or is under development for all primary cryocooler components. During this program, we propose to build and test a brassboard two-stage 10 K cryocooler that demonstrates the performance benefits of the technology. During the Phase I project, we will obtain key operational and performance data on one of the primary cryocooler components. The data will be used to predict the performance and to guide the development of the two-stage cryocooler that will be tested on the Phase II project. During the Phase II project, we will implement the component and cryocooler modifications determined during Phase I, integrate the cryocooler components, and test the cryocooler at cold load temperatures as low as 10 K. |
| MEZZO SYSTEMS
LBTC, Rm D-104, South Stadium Dr. Baton Rouge, LA 70803 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(225) 334-6394
Mr. Ryan Turner MDA 04-077 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced 10 Kelvin Cryogenic Cooling Component Technology |
| Abstract: | A conterflow heat exchanger operating between 6 and 70 K will be fabricated to transfer approximately 70 W between counterflowing streams of helium with an effectiveness exceeding 99.6%. The pressures of the two helium streams will be 1.4 and 1.0 atmospheres. Design specifications for the heat exchanger are as follows: i) Will sustain 30 g acceleration in any axis ii) Burst pressure of the heat exchanger channels must equal 7 atmospheres respectively, and the total fractional pressure drop will be less than .015. iii) The volume of the heat exchanger will be 12 cm x 12 cm x 40 cm. iv) The manufacturing approach should greatly reduce cost. Mezzo International Technologies specializes in fabricating advanced, high performance heat exchangers for the Navy, MDA, and commercial companies. Most of these heat exchangers are of a cross flow configuration, but a minor modification to the design makes it possible to build counterflow heat exchangers with the excellent performance specifications listed above. The Phase I effort will characterize the effectiveness of a single module (a total of three modules, in series, would comprise the actual final product that will be built in the Phase II effort). |
| MICRO COOLING CONCEPTS, INC.
7522 Slater Ave. Suite 122 Huntington Beach, CA 92647 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 847-9945
Mr. Jack M. Fryer MDA 04-077 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Compact 10K Hybrid Cryocooler |
| Abstract: | Long life mechanical cryocoolers for space applications have matured during the last decade, and 77 K and 35 K coolers are now available. However, 10 K equivalents are not available because fundamental regenerator performance limitations are being reached making them relatively power inefficient. There are technical ways around these regenerator limitations. For example, Joule Thomson (JT) coolers do not suffer this particular limitation because they use uni-directional DC flow and counterflow heat exchangers. However, they require substantial precooling and a practical cooler for a 10 K application requires both a JT cooling system with a Stirling/Pulse tube precooler. At present, these are the most practical way of reaching 10 K. Current realizations of hybrid coolers are the bulky combination of two separate coolers, the precooler and the JT cooling loop The JT and Stirling compressors are similar except the JT compressor uses valves to rectify the AC pressure wave and produce the DC flow for the expansion. Our approach is to drive the remote JT cold head using a valve set at the Stirling precooler cold tip, essentially creating a cold compressor. This will result in the elimination of a large amount of hardware including the JT compressor. |
| CREARE, INC.
P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 643-3800
Dr. Bruce R. Pilvelait MDA 04-078 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Reliable Electronics for Space Turbo-Brayton Cryocoolers |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop and demonstrate advanced cryocooler compressor drive and control electronics suitable for high radiation space cryocooler applications. These electronics will be configured to provide high efficiency in a low-mass package, meeting ionizing radiation requirements typical of DOD space applications. The electronics will be tailored to a spectrum of turbo-Brayton cryocoolers at various power levels. In Phase I a breadboard electronics design will be modified to extend to several power levels and a range of radiation tolerance levels. A preliminary design of a rad-hard low-mass package will be prepared and predictions of performance and functionality will be defined. In Phase II we will build and demonstrate an advanced electronics package that meets specified radiation tolerance levels based on this design. This effort addresses a critical need for improved reliability of cryocoolers in space applications where the radiation environment may be severe. |
| MICRO COOLING CONCEPTS, INC.
7522 Slater Ave. Suite 122 Huntington Beach, CA 92647 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 847-9945
Mr. Jack M. Fryer MDA 04-078 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Advanced Cold Head Manufacturing Techniques |
| Abstract: | Cryocoolers are small-scale cryogenic refrigerators with refrigeration capacities ranging from a few milli-Watts to several tens of Watts. The two main classes of cryocoolers are regenerative and recuperative, with the distinction being made by the major heat exchanger type required. Within the regenerative cryocoolers, the two major types for aerospace use are Stirling and pulse tube. Both types are based on the same thermodynamic cycle and have many similarities in operation. The primary difference is the manner in which the phase is shifted between the pressure and mass flow to generate the cooling. In the Stirling, this is done with a moving displacer while a pulse tube uses a passive phase shifter, often an inertance tube. The cold head is a complex part to manufacture and we propose a new method to manufacture the cold head as one part using photo etching and diffusion bonding. This would allow simple manufacturing of the cold head and also provide more control over the geometry, particularly the regenerator, allowing a higher level of optimization improving system performance and reducing mass. |
| RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
3267 Progress Drive Orlando, FL 32826 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 384-7840
Dr. Dan Rini MDA 04-078 Selected for Award |
| Title: | MEMS-Fabricated, Highly Effective, Compact Recuperative Heat Exchanger for a Miniature, Reliable Cryocooler |
| Abstract: | RTI will demonstrate the MEMS technologies for a recuperative heat exchanger for a reverse turbo Brayton cycle (RTBC) cryocooler. In the phase I efforts, the heat exchanger would be designed for a 20 W (cooling load), 77K RTBC cryocooler. Selection of this relatively high-temperature cycle is for ease of testing in Phase II, which will involve fabrication of complete cryocooler, testing of the heat exchanger(s) built in Phase I as well as extending the design to lower temperatures down to 10 K. Key technical innovation is based on techniques to drastically minimize performance-degrading axial conduction, while not impeding heat exchange between the hot and cold streams. Microfabrication is a key enabler for implementation of this concept. Multiple fabrication alternatives would be considered. Based on preliminary analysis, the heat exchanger for Phase I is expected to be approximately 3x3x7.5 cm in linear dimensions, weigh about 0.085 kg, and have an effectiveness of 0.982 and a pressure drop of about 1000 Pa in each fluid for a mass flow rate of 0.00181 kg/s of Neon in each side of the heat exchanger, providing an overall COP of 0.083 for a 77 K cooler. |
| KENT OPTRONICS, INC.
275 Martinel Dr., Suite W Kent, OH 44240 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(845) 897-0138
Dr. Le Li MDA 04-079 Selected for Award |
| Title: | LIQUID CRYSTAL TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY POLARIZER-FREE ELECTRICALLY TUNABLE SPATIALLY ADDRESSABLE IR AGILE NOTCH FILTERS |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) proposal relates to a novel liquid crystal technology that leads to the birth of first-of-its-kind polarizer-free spectrally agile and spatially addressable reflective infrared (IR) dynamic optical agile filters for military sensor anti-jamming, as well as laser energy control, switching, and redirection. Featuring a narrow band reflection peak that is electrically tunable and micro-sized pixels, the new agile filters behave as tunable notch filtering spatial light modulators (SLM) with excellent spectral characteristics from 0.9 to 3 mm, > 1,000:1 contrast ratio, > 80% off-peak transmission, > 600 nm spectral tuning range, millisecond response time, and thin film type configuration. In addition, their improved thermal stability, low power consumption, as well as resistance to both UV radiation and mechanical impact make them suitable for space applications. Phase I is a feasibility study on the liquid crystal technology toward the IR agile filters to address the conceptual approaches to meeting the desired performance specifications. In Phase II, prototype filters will be developed and tested, followed by Phase III for commercialization for both military and non-military applications |
| NANOOPTO CORP.
1600 Cottontail Lane Somerset, NJ 08873 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 627-0808
Dr. Jim Wang MDA 04-079 Awarded: 07APR04 |
| Title: | Dynamic Spectral Filtering Techniques |
| Abstract: | NanoOpto proposes to combine novel nano-structured materials with liquid crystal actuators in an extension of resonant grating filter theory to design a highly compact, high performance, easily manufactured, dynamic spectral filter. The theoretical breakthrough is twofold: first, in the use of nano-scale gratings in the filter design - this allows significantly and continuously modify material properties in ways that have not here-to-fore been possible; and, second, integrating these nano-optic grating with a liquid crystal layer to create an electronically tunable optical filter. The proposed design platform will apply to a range of wavelengths from visible through IR, support a range of environments by selection of appropriate materials and controls, and allow application specific performance trade-offs (such as between tuning range, selectivity, and tuning speed). Applications are expected to include spatial light modulators, optical sensors, and imaging systems. The proposed Phase I effort will yield characterization of constituent materials - principally nano-structured materials, liquid crystal materials, and associated thin films; model optical performance across a range of environmental conditions; and propose final designs parameters that will readily lead to working prototypes and manufacturing processes in an ensuing Phase. |
| NOVA PHASE, INC.
435 Route 206 Newton, NJ 07860 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(973) 300-3080
Dr. Barry Wechsler MDA 04-079 Awarded: 07APR04 |
| Title: | Enhanced Photorefractive Lithium Niobate for Passive Agile Filters |
| Abstract: | Single crystals of lithium niobate can be used to construct a very simple passive agile filter, in which an incoming beam interferes with its own back-reflection to set up a diffraction grating that results in energy transfer and depletion of the transmitted power. The virtue of such an approach is that it can respond to incident coherent radiation of any wavelength within its range of sensitivity. Although considerable efforts in the past have been directed toward understanding and controlling the photorefractive properties of LiNbO3, nearly all of these studies have focused on so-called "congruent" material - crystals with a Li/Nb ratio of around 0.94, and grown from a melt of composition identical to that of the crystal. Recently, a new composition of LiNbO3 has been developed, the so-called stoichiometric (or near-stoichiometric) composition, in which Li/Nb ratios very close to 1.0 are obtained. These crystals appear to have electro-optic and other properties that are superior to those of congruent LiNbO3, thus improving their usefulness in a number of device applications. In this SBIR Phase I program, Nova Phase proposes to produce a suite of crystals of Fe-doped LiNbO3 with varying Fe concentration, oxidation state, and Li/Nb ratio, and to study their optical, electrical, and photorefractive properties. |
| BLUE PHOTONICS, INC.
679 Brea Canyon Road Walnut, CA 91789 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(909) 839-2678
Dr. Milton Yeh MDA 04-080 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Radiation-Hardened Multijunction Solar Cells |
| Abstract: | This proposal describes a program to explore the feasibility of using InGaN alloy materials to form individual subcells in a multijunction solar cell. The InGaN compounds cover a wide range of bandgaps, able to be combined to cover most of the solar spectrum. They have shown increased radiation hardness, an important consideration for operating in the space environment. In Phase I, we will investigate their photovoltaic (PV) properties, which have not been reported. Blue Photonics, Inc. will prepare PV devices, using MOCVD growth, and will evaluate their properties. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories will provide their extensive knowledge of these compounds to define suitable growth conditions, along with characterization of the important material properties. |
| ESSENTIAL RESEARCH, INC.
6410 Eastland Rd., Suite D Cleveland, OH 44142 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(440) 816-9850
Dr. Samar Sinharoy MDA 04-080 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A >30% Efficient Space Solar Cell with Improved Radiation Tolerance |
| Abstract: | Essential Research Incorporated proposes the development of a high efficiency, metamorphic triplejunction, III-V, space solar cell that will also have significantly higher radiation tolerance. The AM0 one sun efficiency of this AlGaInP/InGaAsP/InGaAs cell will be 31.7%, compared to 28% for the state-of-the-art InGaP/GaAs/Ge cell. Since most of the radiation damage in these cells can be attributed to the InGaAs or the GaAs cell, we propose to improve the radiation tolerance of the proposed cell in Phase I. Our modeling has shown that through a combination of cell thinning, dopant grading, and application of a reflecting layer on the back surface to force a second pass of the radiation through the cell, the EOL efficiency degradation of the InGaAs cell can be reduced from 20% to 5%. The Phase I proposal describes in detail, the innovative procedure that will be used to achieve this goal. |
| EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 771-0206
Dr. Paul Boieriu MDA 04-082 Awarded: 15APR04 |
| Title: | Strained Layer Superlattice Using HgTe for VLWIR Detection |
| Abstract: | High-performance detectors sensing in the long wavelength and very long wavelength infrared spectral ranges are desirable for various applications supporting Air Force and Missile Defense capabilities. Limited types of detectors and arrays are currently available for the detection of infrared radiation with wavelengths longer than 15 microns, and most are based on low quantum efficiency extrinsic semiconductors. Despite considerable progress in bulk HgCdTe photovoltaic technology, difficulties persist in sensing wavelengths longer than 10 microns with a bulk material due to limitations imposed by large tunneling dark currents and Auger recombination rates. Strained layer superlattices using HgTe layers and lattice mismatched layers based on CdTe alloys are an extremely promising alternative for infrared systems requiring higher temperature and longer wavelength operation. In this type of superlattice, the active region layers are strained, playing a crucial role in suppressing Auger recombination and therefore increasing the operating temperature of the infrared sensing devices above current standards. The presence of a novel type of detector material based on II-VI strained layer superlattice will not only pave the way to emerging research but will also have an impact on a U.S. market that requires high quality detectors sensitive to very long wavelength infrared radiation. |
| MP TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
1801 Maple Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 256-7648
Dr. Vahid Yazdanpanah MDA 04-082 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Study of Generation Recombination Process in Type II InAs/GaSb Superlattices for High Performance VLWIR Detectors |
| Abstract: | Very long wave infrared (VLWIR or lambda > 15 micron) photon detectors are highly needed in a number of missile defense missions. Type II InAs/GaSb superlattices represent the most promising material system capable of delivering a more affordable and producible focal plane array (FPA) technology than the current technology, while at the same time exhibiting similar or better performance than current technology in this spectral band. However, one of the major obstacle in the development of such FPAs remains the generation-recombination (G-R) current which still dominates the dark current in these photodetectors. It is here proposed to study the feasibility of reducing the G-R current in such type II superlattice photodetectors through advanced modeling and design of the superlattice structures in close correlation with detector growth, fabrication and performance measurement results. |
| EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(630) 771-0203
Mr. Rasdip Singh MDA 04-083 Awarded: 15APR04 |
| Title: | Automated Wafer Polishing for Epi-ready Antimony-based Substrate Materials |
| Abstract: | EPIR Technologies has experience in polishing II-VI semiconductor substrates for MBE applications. We propose to transfer this experience to the polishing of Sb-based substrates. The quality of a surface is determined by the degree of surface flatness (or curvature), smoothness, stoichiometry, and the magnitude of surface/sub-surface damage. All these parameters are addressed in this proposal. We propose to achieve an atomically smooth substrate surface by using an abrasive-free chemical polishing procedure. In order to reduce polishing damage, new sample holders with the capability of varying the load or pressure on the sample will be made since there are no commercially available jigs. We propose innovative ideas for controlling and monitoring the chemistry of the chemical polishing solutions. The ability to correctly compare the effects of different chemical solutions requires that the viscosities of the chemical solutions remain unchanged. EPIR will expand on its proprietary procedure for measuring and matching the viscosities of different polishing solutions, which will be a key issue in polishing Sb-based substrates. EPIR will carryout a full pressure-dependent/non-contact polishing study with an emphasis on comparing and optimizing chemical polishing solutions. |
| GALAXY COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS, INC.
9922 E. Montgomery #7 Spokane, WA 99206 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 878-2332
Dr. Lisa P. Allen MDA 04-083 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Materials and Processes for Bulk Antimony-based Substrate Materials |
| Abstract: | GaSb substrates are attractive for higher temperature infrared detectors for space-based and stealth applications. However, substrate inconsistency inhibits their widespread commercial application. In particular, producing damage-free GaSb surfaces and sub-surfaces with an easily desorbed oxide for epi-growth is difficult. Recently, bromine ion-beam assisted etching (Br-IBAE) was effective in removing surface damage and leaving a desorbable oxide on GaSb pieces. A full wafer nanoscale-modification process using oxygen gas-cluster ion beams (O2-GCIB) has also provided improved GaSb surfaces and sub-surfaces. However, O2-GCIB leaves a thick oxide requiring extended desorbtion time prior to device growth. An opportunity exists to establish a manufacturing method for obtaining GaSb surfaces and sub-surfaces of consistent integrity with a readily-desorbable oxide. Phase I will combine the Br-IBAE concept with full-wafer GCIB technology through a modified bromine gas-cluster source. In Phase I, the state-of-the-art CMP, Br-GCIB and Br-GCIB process matrices will be compared for "epi-readiness". Antimonide-based strained-layer superlattices will be gown on promising substrates, with particular attention to oxide desorbtion and substrate/heteroepitaxy quality. Successful GaSb substrates will be deliverables. Phase II determines device and manufacturing capability using modified, "epi-ready" specifications. High probability for successful commercialization is anticipated, with focused commitment to provide superior substrates to military and commercial markets. |
| ILT CORP.DBA THINK COMPOSITE
101 Alma Street, #703 Palo Alto, CA 94301 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 322-9433
Dr. Stephen W. Tsai MDA 04-084 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Test Plan for Fatigue and Residual Strength of Composite Flywheel Rotors |
| Abstract: | A test plan for fatigue and residual strength for composite flywheel rotors can be rationally devised using master curves derived from time-temperature superposition principle. Validity of this plan will be demonstrated in Phase I using our theory and limited number of spin tests. Instead of S-N curves, this methodology forms a generic durability prediction methodology. Effects of frequency, stress ratio, combined hoop, radial and shear stresses, and high temperature can all be treated in one rational framework. Dozens of small-size calibration rotors and limited number of full-size ones will be in the Phase II test plan to generate fatigue master curves. Honeywell will provide operational characteristics and requirements so realistic thermal and mechanical loads can be imposed. Fatigue life and residual strength of rotors subjected to repeated, rapid discharges and arbitrary temperature history can be systematically determined with no need for curve fitting. All these simulation capabilities will be incorporated in Super Mic-Mac/Rotor, a friendly rotor design tool for engineers. Eventual testing of Think Composites rotor in Honeywell system as part of Phase II is envisioned. |
| THORTEK INNOVATIONS LABORATORIES
101 River Dr. Irvine, KY 40336 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(606) 723-2289
Mr. Douglas G. Thorpe MDA 04-084 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Stabilized Magnetic Bearings axially positioned by Axial Gap Motor for a High Specific Energy, Flywheel Energy Storage System |
| Abstract: | Lightweight components are needed for Flywheel Energy Storage Systems with a system goal of 70 wh/kg to be used in Space Applications. Current satellite energy storage options are limited to a few electrochemical battery technologies that must be oversized to handle the high charge and discharge rates without greatly effecting life. Permanent magnetic bearing system is proposed that utilizes multiple, concentric magnetic rings that has been uniquely stabilized by shaping the magnetic interface surface. Additional weight savings and structural simplicity is proposed via utilizing dual Axial Gap Motors as the Axial Positioning System to the Magnetic Bearing System. We plan on conducting 3-D FEA modeling and empirical testing of an existing multi-pole magbearing and then repeat the modeling and testing for 3 separate rings added to the periphery of the original disk. We will develop a method of accurately designing magnetic bearings with variable width poles and magnet thicknesses that are uniquely stabilized. The proposing company and project is led by a 3 time veteran SBIR principal investigator who has secured the talents of a premier flywheel designer and a well renown electric motor controller designer as consultants. This project is the basis to affordable, commercially available magnetic bearings. |
| SEQUOIA TECHNOLOGIES
5021 Indian School Road NE, Suite 300 Albuquerque, NM 87110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 280-3393
Dr. Jerry Alcone MDA 04-085 Selected for Award |
| Title: | A Long-Life, Lightweight, and Thermally Stable Composite Gimbal for Space Applications |
| Abstract: | This effort investigates an advanced modular composite gimbal architecture for application to high performance space systems systems. The effort focuses on two long-life bearing concepts: an athermalized mechanical bearing design and a low-power magnetic beating design. The overall gimbal approach relies on several innovations which include: high specific stiffness thermally stable composite structures, advanced bearings, mechanical and electronic techniques for improving motor drive performance, and improved disturbance rejection capabilities. |
| SSG, INC.
65 Jonspin Road Wilmington, MA 01887 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(978) 694-9991
Dr. Holger Luther MDA 04-085 Awarded: 14APR04 |
| Title: | Long Life Gimbal/Bearing System |
| Abstract: | New and future space gimbal applications are targeting operational lifetimes of 10 - 15 years. Current contact bearing technology is limited by adhesive wear, lubricant depletion and Lewis acid effects from reaching these lifetimes for high duty cycle applications such as space gimbal systems. SSG Precision Optronics proposes the development of long life bearing technologies to extend operational lifetimes to several hundreds of million cycles. These technologies include: TiC coated pseudo-hybrid and ceramic hybrid bearings; bearing manufacturing practices; and a novel flex-bearing concept. The proposed technologies mitigate debris generation from adhesive wear and Lewis acid effects. Previous work performed by SSGPO addressed lubricant depletion through the use of a passive lubricant release system. When brought together, these technologies are expected to bring contact bearings to the desired 15 year goals. The Phase 1 effort will prototype and evaluate these contact bearing technologies under simulated conditions. A successful evaluation will provide a basis for the design and development of a prototype space gimbal system in Phase 2 that is well supported by life-time test data. The proposed area of study has important implications for government and commercial applications for space mechanisms as well as for similar ground based gimbal systems. |
| MOUND LASER & PHOTONICS CENTER, INC.
P.O. Box 223 Miamisburg, OH 45343 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 865-3041
Mr. Kenneth E. Hix MDA 04-086 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Development of a Laser Micromachining Process for the Fabrication of SiC Mirrors |
| Abstract: | The key goal of this program is to reduce the non-recurring and recurring costs and shorten cycle times for fabrication of the next generation cryogenic telescope structural and optical components. Currently beryllium is used for both the mirrors and the optical bench assemblies in these high performance optical telescopes due to its 1) high stiffness at very light weights and 2) very good thermal properties. However, the use of Be in these telescopes is costly because of the substantial fabrication lead-times associated with the machining and mechanical polishing of mirror surfaces. In addition, the health/environmental hazard related to handling Be is a very significant issue. Over the last few years, silicon carbide (SiC) materials and technologies have matured to the point that they are being baselined for DoD and NASA's operational space flight systems. Recently, Raytheon and MDA have initiated a laser microfabrication process for SiC in the critical optical components of cryogenic telescopes. Developing a laser micromachining capability to fabricate the mirror shape and ultimately polish the surface of a silicon carbide mirror blank will drastically reduce the required lead-time and eliminate the hazards associated with the Be fabrication process. The program outlined in this proposal will determine the appropriate laser for the microfabrication tasks and determine the conceptual design for a SiC mirror fabrication workstation. |
| POCO GRAPHITE, INC.
300 Old Greenwood Road Decatur, TX 76234 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(940) 393-4357
Mr. Ron Plummer MDA 04-086 Selected for Award |
| Title: | Low-Cost Manufacture of Lightweight Mirror Systems |
| Abstract: | The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and the Air Force are planning to develop and deploy number of systems which will include 0.3-0.5-m mirrors that would benefit from the development of a low-cost Manufacture of mirror systems. As the mirror size increases, the requirements for optical figure, stiffness and low areal density become even more demanding. The goal of this program will be to demonstrate the technology that enables the end-to-end production of 30-50cm lightweight primary mirrors for telescopes in the cryogenic aerospace environment with optical accuracy of lambda/10 or better and a cost under $200k. In this Phase I program, POCO will address the needs of the program to assure lower cost manufacturing process for larger, aspheric mirrors for future cryogenically cooled sensor applications. POCO will analyze the manufacturing cost for a complete, 0.5-m-class, advanced-technology, lightweight mirror as part of a complete telescope system. POCO will start with an established material system - the SuperSiC silicon carbide produced by the Chemical Vapor Conversion process. Poco will survey the entire industry for additional finishing approaches that may be applicable for this project. Poco will develop cost estimates in terms of lead-time and the mirror performance benefits for given mass (areal density) target mirror (<20 kg/m^2). Poco will fabricate and test articles as necessary to aid in performance/cost estimation. |
| TREX ENTERPRISES CORP.
10455 Pacific Center Court San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(808) 245-6465
Dr. William F. Fischer, III MDA 04-086 Selected for Award |
| Title: | CVC SiC: The Low Cost Pathway to High Performance, Lightweight Mirrors |
| Abstract: | The emergence of numerous DoD programs that involve optical tracking, surveillance, and directed energy technologies has created a critical need for high performance, lightweight, economical mirrors. This program will address an approach to deliver such optics in the 0.5m class using the CVC SiC technology. The CVC technology allows for rapid deposition of uniform, stress free, near net shape structures with exceptional optical performance and scalability. The first task of Phase I will be to deliver a mirror that will demonstrate a new paradigm for ultra lightweight SiC optics design. The second task will address the optimization of novel lightweight mirror designs, enabled by the CVC process, as it relates to processing strategies and backing structures to produce both flat and powered mirrors. The designs will be evaluated in terms of optical, mechanical, thermal, and harmonic properties, as well as weight, and cost. At the conclusion of Phase I, this program will have developed several mirror designs that will each reduce the cost of high quality optical structures. In Phase II, low cost, high performance optical mirrors structures in the 500 mm range selected from the Phase I designs will be fabricated. |
| EIC LABORATORIES, INC.
111 Downey Street Norwood, MA 02062 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 769-9450
Dr. Krishna C. Mandal MDA 04-087 Selected for Award |
| Title: | High Efficiency Space Qualified Dye Sensitized Solar Cells |
| Abstract: | In this program, EIC proposes to develop ultralight space qualified "dye sensitized" solar cells (DSSCs) that will have even higher specific power as well as potentially being much less expensive to manufacture than the inorganic thin film alternatives. The cells will have a novel design and will contain new materials enabling: 1) solid state, nonvolatile construction, 2) radiation stable components, 3) thin and flexible materials providing up to 2000W/kg for 10% efficient modules. Phase I will provide demonstration of the concept with a goal of >7% AM0 efficiency using a high conductivity polymer electrolyte developed at EIC. We will compare the performance of this type of cell with a solid state "hole transport material" (HTM) DSSC employing a new HTM and sensitizer developed in collaboration with the University of Florida. We will employ substrate materials that are known to endure the space environment as part of the plan to space qualify the structures. Phase II will entail further modification of active materials to provide extended stability in the space radiation environment, as well design of deployable array architectures. |