DoD SBIR FY04.3 - SOLICITATION SELECTIONS w/ ABSTRACTS

DoD SBIR FY04.3 - SOLICITATION SELECTIONS w/ ABSTRACTS
Army - Navy - DARPA - SOCOM - OSD

---------- ARMY ----------

381 Phase I Selections from the 04.3 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Russell Kurtz ARMY 04-001 Selected for Award
Title:	High Repetition Rate Cavity-Dumped Unified Laser Expandable System
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for a high peak power directed energy weapon (DEW) system with adjustable PRF and variable burst mode, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new High Repetition Rate Cavity-Dumped Unified Laser Expandable System (HERCULES), a high peak power DEW with significant advantages over current systems. This proposed system is based on variable-rate cavity-dumping by new nonlinear materials that exceed the capabilities of current systems. The HERCULES will generate high peak power pulses with a PRF variable from <1 to >200 kHz while keeping the energy per pulse approximately the same regardless of time between pulses, pulses per burst, or burst rate. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of HERCULES by computer modeling and a subscale demonstration prototype. In Phase II POC plans to develop a prototype that can be adapted to current Army man-portable laser systems, and will demonstrate variable PRF up to ~100 kHz without significant drop in energy per pulse.

JDLL, INC. 7302 S. 300 W. #305 Midvale, UT 84047
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 568-3600 Dr. James E. Youngberg ARMY 04-002 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Frame Rate Hyperspectral Target Segmentation
Abstract:	Practical use of hyperspectral imagery for target recognition relies on hardware speed and the ability of algorithms to properly separate (segment) targets from image background in the presence of changing illumination. Recent hardware advances have put frame-rate hyperspectral target segmentation on the horizon. Such applications are computationally intense -- requiring over 200 billion arithmetic operations per second. Yet, sensor and ASIC technology will soon be small and fast enough for practical sensing and processing. Algorithm technology for hyperspectral target segmentation is also mostly "there". Basic algorithms descend from developments in earth resource monitoring and a smaller body of military target recognition work. However, key challenges related to illumination must be solved to make the technology robust. JDLL understands these very real practical problems and proposes tasks and a program that will deepen our understanding and address these problems directly and thoroughly. Using simulation, we will probe the physical processes that undermine segmentation and develop algorithms that respond to these processes. Our preliminary research points toward a key innovation of this proposal - an adaptive model for continuously tracking and compensating the effects that shifting illumination hyperspectra have on segmentation algorithms. We propose an adaptive segmentation algorithm based on this model.

ENGINEERING MECHANICS CORP.OF COLUMBUS 3518 Riverside Drive, Suite 202 Columbus, OH 43221
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 459-3200 Dr. Prabhat Krishnaswamy ARMY 04-003 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Innovative Mobile Extrusion Plant for Onsite Fabrication of Ammunition Packaging Materials from Composite Recycled Plastics
Abstract:	The proposed Phase I feasibility study examines the possibility of developing a full-mobile extrusion plant capable of manufacturing structural thermoplastic composite lumber (TCL) and plastic piping. Novel concepts to enable the modification of existing equipment into a manufacturing system on skids have been proposed. The intent of such a system is to enable the manufacture of TCL construction materials in exact sizes and quantities as the need arises, on-site using local battlefield debris materials as feedstock as appropriate. Each component of traditional manufacturing system for piping and TCL will be modified using innovative ideas to make it fully-portable and quick assembly for on-site manufacture.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Michael Reznikov ARMY 04-004 Selected for Award
Title:	Self-Powered Incapacitator
Abstract:	U.S. Army needs a projectile technology that deliver electrical energy to the target for quick, nonlethal, incapacitation at distances from 6 to 80 m. Such a device should be self-contained and not tethered to a conventional launching platform such as a 40 mm M203 grenade launcher or a 12 gauge shotgun. To address this need, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a novel Self-Powered Incapacitator (SPI) that is a compact electrostatic pulse generator triggered and powered by the initial acceleration of the projectile. It will generate and deliver electric energy from 5 J (in the 12 gauge modified Rubber Rocket) to 50 J (in the 40 mm grenade) with an initial electric current of 15 A and a discharge time of about 2 microseconds that instantly and non-lethally incapacitates the target. The capability of the device to generate an electric charge is enhanced by POC's proprietary polymer embossing technology. The SPI will be charged when it is fabricated, and will retain this electric charge over decades. The electric energy delivered does not depend on the distance to the target.

ASTRON WIRELESS TECHNOLIGIES, INC. 22560 Glenn Drive, Suite 114 Sterling, VA 20164
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 450-5517 Mr. Josehph R. Jahoda ARMY 04-005 Selected for Award
Title:	Adaptive Bandwidth High Power RF Antenna
Abstract:	The objective of the Phase 1, SBIR Topic A04-005, "Adaptive Bandwidth High Power RF Antennas," is to develop a broadband (a minimum of 2:1, up to, say, 6:1 or even 10:1 bandwidth) high gain (12 dBi minimum), operating in the HF/VHF and VHF/UHF bands, high power (300 KW at a 50% duty cycle) antenna. The maximum customer preferred size (VHF/UHF) is 1.2 meters diameter and 2 meters long, maximum. For the lower frequency (HF/VHF) of operation the maximum size is 2 meters in diameter and 3 meters long.

THE HALEAKALA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC. 7 Martin Road Brookfield, MA 01506
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 867-3918 Dr. Theodore R. Anderson ARMY 04-005 Selected for Award
Title:	Two Nested Plasma Antennas and Two Stacked Plasma Antenna Arrays at VHF/UHF and HF/VHF Antenna Arrays at VHF/UHF and HF/VHF
Abstract:	The Haleakala Research & Development Inc. will develop and analyze two plasma antennas in which the higher frequency VHF/UHF is nested inside the lower frequency HF/VHF antenna or a VHF/UHF plasma antenna array stacked with a HF/VHF plasma antenna array in which the higher frequency plasma antenna array propagates through the lower frequency plasma antenna array. This effort will support the PEO Ammunition Acquisition Program. We can do this with plasma but not with metal because of the properties of plasma physics. Because of the properties of plasma physics high gain and aperture can be achieved above and beyond that of a metal antenna of the same size by matching the plasma frequency to the antenna operating frequency of the antenna. By nesting and stacking the plasma antennas we can achieve high power, high bandwidth, and compactness. Our nested plasma antenna design will a minimum gain of 12 dBi over as wide a frequency band at HF/VHF with a maximum size of 2 meters in diameter and 3 meters in length ) and another similar antenna at VHF/UHF with a maximum size of 1.2 meters in diameter and 2 meters long.

ENGINEERED COATINGS, INC. P.O. Box 4702 Parker, CO 80134
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 593-0588 Dr. Frank M. Kustas ARMY 04-006 Awarded: 05JAN05
Title:	Thick PVD Cermet and Graded DLC Coatings for Lubrication-Free Weapon Parts
Abstract:	Engineered Coatings, Inc. (ECI) and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) propose to investigate thick ceramic & metal (cermet) and semiconductor or metal-doped diamondlike carbon (DLC) physical vapor deposited (PVD) coatings over thick PVD metal underlayers as low-friction, corrosion-resistant surfaces for small-arm weapon components. Engineered Coatings and SwRI plan to mitigate the issues with electro and electroless-deposition coatings (e.g., tensile residual stress, reduced adhesion/durability and hazardous effluents) by using dry PVD processing and coating-compositional-grading to control coating stress and thus improve coating adhesion/toughness and durability. In addition, using a thick, dense PVD metal barrier underlayer will eliminate migration of the corrosion solution to the underlying substrate. Doping of DLC coatings will substantially improve coating adhesion/toughness without appreciably affecting the inherent low-friction solid lubricating and wear-resistant behavior. In addition, SwRI will investigate plasma ion immersion processing (PIIP) as a non-line-of-sight method with integral ion implantation followed by coating growth to ensure good coating adhesion. Coatings will be tested for corrosion resistance by salt-fog immersion and mechanical/tribological performance by scratch, indentation, and ball-on-disk friction/wear testing (in dry and contaminated oil). Weapon component parts will be demonstration-coated in the Phase I option program.

UNIVERSAL CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 7825 SW Ellipse Way Stuart, FL 34997
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(772) 223-6699 Dr. Yancy W. Riddle ARMY 04-006 Selected for Award
Title:	Lubrication Free Small Arms Weapons Coatings
Abstract:	A suitable small arms weapon will be disassembled, and parts evaluated for the potential to remove and replace metal coatings with a single coating. In order for this single coating to be successful it must exhibit improved properties that decrease the overall cost of the weapon and allow the weapon to operate without wet lubrication. Universal Chemical Technologies' Inc. coating UltraCem(r), which is an electroless Ni-B coating will be evaluated for this purpose. The most severe cases of abrasive wear, sliding wear, and impact for subassemblies in the weapon will be stripped and re-coated. An accelerated battery of tests between OEM coated parts and UltraCem(r) parts will provide the data necessary to recommend UltraCem as the single coating that solves the problem stated and allows dry operation of the weapon.

MAXPOWER, INC. 220 Stahl Road Harleysville, PA 19438
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 513-4230 Dr. David Chua ARMY 04-008 Selected for Award
Title:	Long Storage Life Active Battery
Abstract:	Recent novel researches by MaxPower have shown that several high energy density Li batteries can be developed to perform as an active battery specifically designed to replace reserve munitions batteries. MaxPower will employ several new approaches to develop this active munitions battery with unique properties such as high rate discharge, high capacity and energy density, very large operational temperature range capability (-46?C to 63?C), and an extended shelf life of 20 years storage at temperatures ranging from -54?C to 74?C. MaxPower's approaches to develop the technology for this active munitions battery involve R&D on high energy density cathode materials, and electrolyte solutions which are highly conductive at low temperatures and which are thermally and electrochemically stable over the required temperature ranges.

KAZAK COMPOSITES, INC. 32 Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 932-5667 Dr. Pavel Bystricky ARMY 04-009 Selected for Award
Title:	Harvesting of Rifle Recoil Energy
Abstract:	KaZaK Composites proposes to design and demonstrate a device for harvesting energy from rifle recoil associated with firing projectiles. The innovative device will use piezoelectric generators coupled with a load transfer mechanism to convert shock from firing into electrical energy, providing for supplemental charging of batteries. The device will be compact enough to fit into the space available inside an M16 or M4 rifle buttstock, with no modification required to its external geometry. When implemented using novel high performance single crystal piezoelectric materials, the device will have the potential to generate enough power to operate various hardware used by soldiers in the field. Being compact and self-contained, the device will be easy to incorporate into new rifles and retrofit into existing ones. Perhaps the most attractive feature of the system, in contrast to regular batteries, is its potentially unlimited operating life. KaZaK will draw upon our directly related experience with harvesting energy from cannon fire to allow us to produce and demonstrate a full scale prototype device in Phase I. In addition, a novel usage for the energy harvested from rifle shots that addresses the intermittent availability of recoil generated power will be evaluated.

DE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 3620 Horizon Drive King of Prussia, PA 19406
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(302) 832-7570 Mr. Mark E. Majerus ARMY 04-010 Selected for Award
Title:	Novel Wall Penetration Munition
Abstract:	The Army's SBIR Topic A04-010, Innovative Wall Penetration Munition, seeks a munition capable of penetrating an 8-inch concrete wall that also features a follow-through effect. DE Technologies Inc herein proposes to investigate the adaptation of their high performance small munitions designs to the M433 High Explosive Dual Purpose Grenade. Coupled with the advanced shaped charge liner design is the inclusion of an energetic material that follows the jet through the concrete wall to promote additional lethality or disorienting effects. This technology approach is highly desirable as it modifies an approved munition and works with the current M203 delivery system. This approach minimizes the impact on the training, integration, support and logistics associated with new weapon systems and provides the soldier a more effective MOUT tool in a shorter development cycle.

MECHANICAL SOLUTIONS, INC. 1719 Rt. 10 East, Suite 305 Parsippany, NJ 07054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 326-9920 Mr. William Marscher ARMY 04-010 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Wall Penetration Munition
Abstract:	MSI has conceived a novel wall penetration and behind-wall-activated munition in lethal and nonlethal varieties. The U.S. Army currently does not possess a compact, man-portable weapon specifically designed to breach structure walls and deliver a submunition of choice (lethal or nonlethal) to an enemy that is sheltered within the building's interior. The proposed project develops such a weapon in the form of a small two-part munition (approximately 40mm) with a disposable launcher. By combining kinetic energy penetrator and shaped-charge technologies in an innovative manner that will exploit the elastic wave response of target structures, MSI is confident that it can successfully construct such a weapon. In particular, through proposal preparation research, MSI has determined that inexpensive micromachined silicon accelerometers and piezoelectric technology can be applied effectively to shaped charges timed to enhance penetration the design of fuze mechanisms for the munition, as well as to create "smart" submunitions that would be delivered to the enemy by the weapon in a piggy-back and optimally oriented fashion after the wall is breached. MSI has assembled an outstanding team of munitions consultants along with its seasoned staff of engineers, in order to ensure successful implementation of this important and timely project.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 582-0582 Dr. Ching-Fang Lin ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Wireless Wide Area Networked Precision Geolocation for Combat Decision Aids System
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to investigate, evaluate, and demonstrate the feasibility of an innovative Integrated Communication and Wireless Wide Area Networked Precision Geolocation system for generic multi-agent high-performance real-time Combat Decision Aids System (CDAS) for Future Combat System. This geolocation system will provide precision interruption-free position for multiple tracking of personnel, robots, UGV and other combat platforms, in complicated environments and terrains. The developed Intelligent Precision Geolocation system components can be easily integrated with ARDEC?�s CDAS for Future Combat System (FCS), Objective Force Warrior, Land Warrior and Homeland Defense applications. Integrated with CDAS, this system allows every combat member to be linked through an intelligent network that provides Precision Geolocation and other information to each other. During this Phase I project, an innovative type of Wireless Wide Area Networked module will be integrated into the geolocation system that will perform network communication, improve geolocation accuracy, and increase the tracking area coverage at the same time. A suite of communication/ranging control approaches and algorithms will be implemented and tested. The integration approach of system information will be designed and tested.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Ms. Karen A. Harper ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Architecture for Decision Aid Development and Deployment (AD3)
Abstract:	The network centric nature of the future force will allow unprecedented levels of coordination, distributed situation awareness, and distributed decision-making. However, decision-makers must be able to manage the masses of data available to them to maintain situation awareness and make the right decision at the right time. To help them, decision aiding tools will be required. Deploying decision aids throughout the future force presents engineering challenges due to differences in types of information, information resolution, and form factor requirements. To enable developers to deploy decision aids that meet the requirements of each unique application, we propose to develop an Architecture for Decision Aid Development and Deployment (AD3), a software architecture allowing developers to build decision-aiding interfaces, regardless of information or form factor requirements, by: 1) using a component-based architecture promoting re-use and extension of functionality; 2) including a library of components encapsulating communication protocols with external systems, algorithms to handle computational needs of decision aids, and HCI widgets to provide an interface with the end user; 3) incorporating a graphical agent builder allowing developers to create and configure decision aids with minimal added programming; and finally 4) including a graphical interface builder allowing developers to create integrated decision aid interfaces.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 1035 Virginia Drive, Suite 300 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 618-1060 Mr. Ken Graves ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Common Technical/Tactical Fire Control Interface (CT2FC)
Abstract:	The future force battlespace will contain numerous different mounted and dismounted armament systems that must action fire directives from netted effects control cells which may mix and match weapon systems as required to attack targets. Each weapon system has different user interfaces and control stations with which to translate tactical fire control directives into technical fire control weapon pointing data. This leads to lack of interoperability between many systems, especially when one must combine BLOS, NLOS, and LOS weapon systems on a target in order to achieve desired effects. Making the systems interoperable tends to be extremely expensive. We propose to develop a user reconfigurable common fire control interface to perform tactical fire control at netted effects nodes, and to perform technical fire control at any NLOS, BLOS, or LOS weapon platform. We will develop a common interface description which accounts for multiple weapon systems technical fire control messaging and ballistic kernels, and then develop a prototype user interface demonstration at the end of Phase I. The effort will use existing netted fires components in the ARDEC CDAS architecture to perform tactical fire control, and interface these components to various technical fire control systems such as the NATO ballistic kernel.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Dr. Chris Lomont ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Modular Agent-Based Component Architecture
Abstract:	Cybernet proposes to create a software architecture that will allow off-the-shelf autonomous software agents to make use of artificial intelligence (AI) modules to solve a number of problems in the Army weapons fire domain. This system will be designed for compatibility with Future Combat Systems (FCS) by making it compliant with the System of Systems Common Operating Environment (SoS COE) specification. A number of AI techniques will be explored, including belief networks (Bayesian, Dempster-Shafer), rule-based systems, goal-directed systems, and constraint programming systems.

DECISIVE ANALYTICS CORP. 1235 South Clark Street, Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 414-5001 Mr. Mike Colony ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Intelligent Agent and Cognitive Decision Aids Component Technology
Abstract:	The Army's Future Combat System (FCS) initiative aims to enable the army's transformation into a more strategically responsive force, capable of rapid deployment and effective operations in all types of military operations. Enabling this initiative is the concept of Net-Centric Warfare (NCW). The network-centric fires management component of FCS, however, faces the challenge of adequately processing the vast amounts of NCW-related data into meaningful knowledge as it pursues its objective of providing seamless integration, synchronization and optimization of fires and effects for assets within the FCS Unit of Action. The DAC team will address this challenge by applying innovative technologies to provide commanders with an intelligent, agent-based Fires Management System (FMS). We will accomplish this through three main objectives. First, we will implement an architecture that provides a component-based framework that allows for rapid configuration and deployment of intelligent, information-processing agents. Second, we will apply innovative techniques for information fusion that transform collected data into knowledge representations that can be used by decision support components. And finally, we will apply decision optimization and predictive analysis methods that effectively use the knowledge representation to emulate cognitive decision processes, thus providing decision support to consumer systems, commanders and fielded units

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION CORP. 13029 Danielson Street, Suite 200 Poway, CA 92064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 679-4140 Dr. Akhilesh Maewal ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Distributed Decision Support System for Networked Fire Management
Abstract:	The Future Combat Systems (FCS) will produce the most sophisticated war fighting system in the history of warfare. The FCS program aims to leverage advances in information technology with continuous, high-speed, digitized communications within a joint armed forces structure to achieve one of the most profound transformations ever seen in the U. S. armed services. That such transformations may lead to a revolutionary leap in the effectiveness of our forces has already been proved in recent overseas operations undertaken by our military. A prerequisite to the realization of the vision for transforming our forces is the development of software and hardware systems that not only provide intelligent support to soldiers and commanders in the battlefield to assist them in performance of mission critical tasks but also automate many of such tasks. Here, IAC addresses the need for an intelligent software infrastructure for decision support for the future digital battlefield. This system features distributed intelligent agents which analyze sensor data, war fighter input, and historical data to make optimal decisions under dynamic and uncertain conditions for network centric fire management, execution, and control, and provides an extensible and open architecture that allows rapid deployment of pluggable software components for decision support.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5255 Dr. Wilbur Peng ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 05JAN05
Title:	An Agent-Based Component Architecture for Cognitive Decision Support
Abstract:	In this SBIR Phase I effort, we propose an architectural framework and design methodology for cognitive decision aids based on software agents which addresses the fundamental challenge of creating agile decision support systems that can be rapidly adapted for evolving system configurations and requirements. The basis of this approach is an agent-based component model and a library of formally defined protocols and roles that describe the interactions between cognitive decision components. During system execution, each component is instantiated as a software agent with specified execution properties. The system components include bounded-time reasoning and planning components, sensor fusion components, and human interface components. The approach will support flexible composition of decision aid systems using reusable cognitive components. We will further demonstrate how an integrated software development tool-chain can be used to enable rapid design, testing and realization of different system configurations. The approach will be illustrated using in a prototype component model, architecture specification and decision-aid use case using in a networked fires application. In this Phase I effort, we will focus on formulation the overall methodology and architecture for creating agile, adaptable decision aid components and systems.

PROLOGIC, INC. 1000 Technology Drive, Suite 3140 Fairmont, WV 26554
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 334-2142 Mr. Robert Cowling ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Intelligent Agent and Cognitive Decision Aids Component Technology
Abstract:	The proposed innovation is a Situational Assessment and Warfighter Analysis Framework (SAWAF) to support analysis and assessment of network centric fire support and probable courses of action. The core of this architecture is the ability to host a variety of intelligent agent based algorithms/solvers through a shared tuple space. A tuple space is a highly structured, distributable approach to complex blackboard problems. Nominally, each tuple consists of an Object/Value or an Object/Attribute/Value pairing. For this project, a tuple has an extended, precise nomenclature to allow for consistent integration between the many tools that are able to plug into this architecture. The tuple for this project consists of two parts - the preamble and the factoid. The preamble consists of the creator of the factoid, an associated priority, a confidence placed on the factoid, and the spatio-temporal constraints. The factoid itself is comprised of an Object/Attribute/Value pairing based on the specific domain of situation awareness/netted fires.

ROBOTICS RESEARCH CORP. 101 Landy Lane Cincinnati, OH 45215
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 831-9570 Mr. James D. Farrell ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 05JAN05
Title:	Innovative Intelligent Agent and Cognitive Decision Aids Component Technology
Abstract:	A critical element of network centric fires management deals with overarching resupply logistics and sustainment issues. Effective sustainment will involve collaboration among intelligent software logistics agents to plan, distribute and coordinate the FCS resupply effort in a real-time, netcentric environment. Furthermore, a required complementary technology will consist of configurable, adaptable, plug and play, netcentric man-machine interface (MMI) agent components to facilitate the verification, interrogation and modification of the dynamic sustainment maneuvers orchestrated by logistic agents. Schedules, transport assets and routes, depot inventory, payload descriptions, etc. from the logistics agents will be fused and mapped into graphically interactive representations by the MMI agents. The MMI will enable constraints, payloads, priorities, etc. to be altered, which will redirect the efforts of the logistics agents. This program will demonstrate the dynamic interaction of distributed logistics agents with netcentric MMI agents to provide exceptional visual decision aids. This program will accomplish the following tasks: 1- Simulate FCS resupply scenarios, in which the logistics agents collectively formulate the best deployment of resources. 2- Provide netcentric, mobile, highly interactive MMI agents, which graphically and dynamically convey the FCS resupply deployment maneuvers with respect to payload distribution, transport routes, schedules, etc. for human interpretation, modification, and verification.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Ssu-Hsin Yu ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Bayesian Networks Cognitive Decision Aids Components for Battlefield Management
Abstract:	The focus of this proposal is to develop a suite of decision aids components to accomplish planning/replanning, learning, and inference. These components can then be assembled into applications to accommodate different needs and perspectives at different levels of the command structure. The particular components to be developed include (1) Influence Diagram component, (2) Bayesian Networks Inference component, (3) Bayesian Networks Learning component, and (4) Genetic Algorithm component. The Genetic Algorithm component and the Influence Diagram component allow users to generate and rank a set of alternative decisions, and enable users to evaluate the effects of changing events on a selected strategy. The Bayesian Networks Inference component allows users to maintain their situation awareness by propagating new information to all decision points which that information can affect. Adaptation of the decision aid process as new information becomes available is accomplished in the Bayesian Networks Learning component. Due the modular representation of knowledge of the Bayesian network structures and the ability of the Genetic algorithms to handle diverse optimization problems, the proposed components are scalable and sufficiently flexible to accommodate the needs of different decision aid applications. The project team consists of Scientific Systems Company, Inc. (SSCI) as the prime contractor, and the Boeing Company as the sub-contractor.

SENTAR, INC. 4900 University Square, Suite 8 Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 430-0860 Mr. Dale Brown ARMY 04-011 Awarded: 04JAN05
Title:	Logistics Agent-based Algorithm Test-bed (LAAT)
Abstract:	In this proposal, Sentar Inc. presents plans for a Logistics Agent-based Algorithm Test-bed (LAAT). LAAT will address problems associated with FCS logistics by utilizing state-of-the-technology software agents to support rapid prototyping, implementation, integration, and testing of logistics assessment algorithms. This novel concept is to feed FCS network centric health and usage monitoring information into the LAAT environment for use by LAAT developed logistics algorithms to validate and facilitate logistics actions. The LAAT environment is comprised of special-purpose logistics and agent-based software tools. . Sentar's KnoWebr tool to create the logistics algorithm environment titled, KALAE (KnoWebr Agent-based Logistics Algorithm Environment). . SPARTA's LogMAIT tool to take logistics action based on the results from KALAE. LAAT will provide realistic evaluation of these algorithms and ensure their utility within the FCS/Logistics Decision Support System (LDSS) environment. LAAT will utilize existing tools including software agent-based dynamic distributed problem solving, logistics management tool and the early SOSCOE capabilities (if available) to replicate key parts of the FCS environment and evaluate proposed algorithms. To ensure success, Sentar has formed a team of engineers and scientists from Sentar and their partner, SPARTA, to provide key technical skills and operational experience. Sentar delivers experts in agent-based software technology and logistics while SPARTA delivers in depth logistics expertise and working knowledge of the FCS program components. Working together, this team will develop the LAAT concept and design.

TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS, INC. 1845 Northwestern, Suite B El Paso, TX 79912
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(915) 877-3366 Mr. John R. Robbins ARMY 04-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Intelligent Agent and Cognitive Decision Aids Component Technology
Abstract:	Decision aids, in the perspective of the soldier, exist to assist him in seven distinct operational areas - Plan, Deploy, Detect, Evaluate, Decide, Deliver, and Sustain. These represent "stages" of military operations - and at any stage the soldier may be required to fall back to planning, and a repeat of the process. Decision aids must be accessible to the soldier in such a way as to easily, and intuitively, allow for the soldier to request and obtain assistance. The objective of this effort is the continuing development of a JTA-A compliant "tool-kit" for Intelligent Decision Aiding of Remotely Deployed Unmanned Systems, both Ground (UGS) and Air (UAVs) supporting Munitions and Sensor operations. Intelligent aiding of planning, control and effective employment of missing payloads includes target area coverage, enemy movement, placement/engagement area selection as well as generation of tactical messages for fire support and control of fires. The resulting decision aiding "toolkit" for UGS and UAV will be created by using a combination of analytical and cognitive decision processes implemented in reusable software components conforming to The Weapons System Technical Architecture Working Group (WSTAWG) framework and Appendix F of the JTA-A.

DYNAMIC MACHINE WORKS, INC. 12 Suburban Park Drive Billerica, MA 01821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 667-0202 Mr. Kevin McGinley ARMY 04-012 Selected for Award
Title:	Novel High Strength, High Precision, High Ductility Warhead Case Material
Abstract:	Dynamic Machine Works, Inc. ("Dynamic") proposes to conduct extensive research and development on a combination of advanced materials and advanced processes that will result in the creation of revolutionary Warheads. Specifically, Dynamic can develop a more advanced, higher-strength, thinner, lighter, higher-value Warhead than is currently available if it combines a new generation of high-end materials with its innovative fabrication process, referred to as "flowforming." The final step in the new Warhead production process - knurling square patterns on the Warhead case - will create optimal fragmentation areas, thus making the Warheads even more effective.

ASPEN SYSTEMS, INC. 184 Cedar Hill Street Marlborough, MA 01752
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 481-5058 Dr. Somesh Mukherjee ARMY 04-013 Selected for Award
Title:	Novel Use of Magnesium Composites to Reduce Weight of Mortar Systems
Abstract:	Metal matrix composites(MMC) has increasing applications in aerospace, transportation and military fields due to its high specific strength and stiffness. Magnesium (Mg) with a density of approximately two-thirds of aluminum is the lightest structural material. MMCs fabricated from magnesium thus provide an attractive alternative to Al based MMCs for use in future engineering applications. Despite this advantage, the study of Mg based MMCs remains fairly limited because of its poor corrosion resistance. Aspen proposes to design superior corrosion resistance Mg alloy based composites by changing its alloy chemistry, providing a simple, yet innovative coating technique and state of the art fabrication technique for processing Mg-based composites

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. Sion Pickard ARMY 04-013 Selected for Award
Title:	Corrosion Resistant Squeeze Cast Net Shape Magnesium Composite Components
Abstract:	In this Phase I Innovation research program, MER will develop light weight, high strength and high stiffness magnesium matrix composites in the form of sub scale prototype parts for mortar applications. Strategies will be developed to minimize potential galvanic corrosion, using selected high strength fillers and high purity level alloys. Net shape parts with volume loading of filler ranging from 20-75% will be constituted from particulate and fiber including carbon fiber, alumina and SiC by low cost squeeze casting. Specific composite formulation will be chosen based on army input of strength and stiffness requirements in the field. Phase I will prove feasibility of light weight magnesium matrix composite parts with high strength, stiffness and corrosion resistance.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Mr. Jacob Alexander ARMY 04-014 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Design for Lightweight Modular Intermodal Pallet Containers(L-MIPC)(1000-562)
Abstract:	Triton Systems, Inc. proposes a lightweight, low-cost, composite material design for future modular containers such that when 16 of these containers/pallets are joined together they form a 20' ISO equivalent unit. The composite lightweight modular intermodal pallet containers (L-MIPC) will be durable, corrosion resistant, leak proof, fire- retardant, and environmentally friendly. Triton will engineer and optimize the advanced thermoplastic or thermoset PMC materials for lightweight and to meet the performance requirements with unit cost as the primary driver. With its high strength-to-weight ratio, comparable stiffness, and energy absorption properties, engineered PMC offers significant potential for weight savings (30-40%), over aluminum designs. Triton proposes to use its FX polyphosphonate, a novel polymer additive, for flame retardancy in the resin system. Triton's proposed L-MIPC design would greatly support DoD logistics by eliminating banding, blocking and bracing required for the current ISO containers and would replace many other platforms. Retrograde operations would be significantly enhanced in both the DoD and commercial logistics world. The proposed design will mate with existing cargo handling equipment, allow intermodal transportability, support future combat systems (FCS) delivery and be a significant enabler for sea-basing operations.

METROLASER, INC. 2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 553-0688 Dr. Bauke Heeg ARMY 04-015 Selected for Award
Title:	Fiber-Optic Explosive Detection Device
Abstract:	In this proposal, we outline a plan to develop a novel ultra-compact fiber-optic Raman device for the detection of a variety of explosives. Its novelty is based on a sample cell design that allows enhanced overlap between the excitation laser and the gas sample, as well as more efficient signal collection. By optimizing laser source, sample cell and signal collection, ultra-sensitive detection to < 10 ppb may be achieved with this all-optical approach. Due to the specificity with the Raman technique, virtually zero false alarms can be obtained. Further, the proposed Raman device is all-optical and does not require any sample preparation or special materials for signal transduction. Further, the approach allows for a significant improvement in ruggedness compared to conventional designs. We outline the operational principles of the proposed system and the anticipated performance envelope, including a noise-reduction scheme. For Phase I, we propose to develop a breadboard system for analysis of critical performance and design parameters, determine the suitability for practical use under a variety of environmental conditions, and deliver a conceptual prototype design to be produced in Phase II.

NOMADICS, INC. 1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Dr. Mark Fisher ARMY 04-015 Selected for Award
Title:	Detection of Munitions in Used Packing Materials
Abstract:	Munitions and detonable residues of energetic materials in used munitions containers represent a significant safety hazard to operations personnel and equipment. Besides the possibility of containing unexploded munitions, munitions containers are contaminated with explosives residues ranging in concentration from surface contamination to mass detonable quantities of explosives. While trace surface contamination does not pose a detonation risk, larger (bulk) quantities of explosive residue pose a substantial detonation risk. Given the large quantity containers used to ship munitions, technologies capable of rapid and accurate screening of munitions containers for munitions and mass detonable quantities of explosives are needed. Nomadics proposes to use our proven Fido explosives detection technology configured specifically to meet this urgent need. The project will involve characterization of the target materials, modification of the sampling system to support detection of munitions in packing materials, integration of the modified sampling system with the Fido detection platform, and demonstration of the system's effectiveness against the desired target in realistic scenarios. In Phase II, we will further optimize the munitions detection prototype and move toward a design that meets the system requirements while being capable of large-scale production.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CORP. 10 Basil Sawyer Drive Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 957-2421 Dr. Santosh K Srivastava ARMY 04-015 Selected for Award
Title:	Development of a Person portable GPS mounted Internet ready Explosive Sensor
Abstract:	It is proposed to develop an ultra-sensitive, remotely operated, person portable, GPS mounted and internet ready explosive detector of novel design. It will consist of an ion source based on the elactro-spray ionization source for which 2002 Nobel Prize was awarded to Prof. John Fenn. His student,Dr. S. Fuerstenau,whose Ph.D. theses was based on this source is a consultant/collaboraotr of this proposal.This source will be modified to soft ionize explosive molecules present in the form of vapors in the ambient air with a very high efficiency. The ions of explosives will then be introduced into a miniature vacuum system through a device, recently developed by the P.I., called "Supersonic Pulsed Jet Separator, SPJS" in the form of short bursts, thereby reducing the pumping requirements which make a mass spectrometer based instruments bulky, heavy, and power consuming. The ions will be mass analyzed by a miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer, also recently developed by the P.I., and detected by a charged particle detector. During first phase of the proposed work the following will be accomplished: 1) Design, build, and test the electro-spray ionization source, 2) fabricate the SPJS, 3) test the combination for its ability to convert explosive molecules into ions and measure the efficiency of this conversion, and 4) prepare a conceptual design of a person portable detector that will be fabricated during phase 2 of the proposed work.

NOKOMIS, INC. 6510 Brownsville Rd Pittsburgh, PA 15236
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(412) 650-6236 Mr. Walter J. Keller ARMY 04-016 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Super-Efficient Minimal Profile Omni-Directional Antennas for Low Power Applications
Abstract:	The need for efficient omni-directional low power internal antennas in military and civilian applications has grown rapidly for the last decade. This research seeks to develop a low profile high performance internal antenna technology with minimal overall volumetric requirements for transceivers operating between 425 MHz and 435 MHz. The end goal of the research is to develop an antenna product that will enhance the Army's Remote Readiness Asset Prognostic/Diagnostic System (RRAPDS). This effort will focus on the use of robust flexible and semi-flexible laminates with favorable material properties combined with innovative antenna structures that perform efficiently in the near vicinity of circuit boards, board components and non-conductive cases.

PHARAD LLC 1500 South Edgewood Street Baltimore, MD 21227
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(443) 562-5253 Dr. Rodney Waterhouse ARMY 04-016 Selected for Award
Title:	Ultra thin Super-Efficient Antennas for Low Power Monitoring System
Abstract:	Pharad proposes to develop an efficient low profile miniature printed antenna that can be used for monitoring the environmental health status of munitions. The new printed antenna incorporates two innovative strategies to reduce the overall size of the radiator without compromising its efficiency. As a consequence of the techniques used to reduce the volume of the antenna, in particular its thickness, the antenna can easily be fabricated using simple printed circuit board procedures resulting in a low cost solution. We will use rigorous full-wave analysis tools to accurately model the new printed antenna and develop a design methodology for the radiating element such that it can be used for other applications where antenna real estate must be minimized. In Phase I of this project we will fabricate and test prototypes of the proposed antenna. We will also investigate ultra-thin and flexible material on which the miniature antenna can be mounted.

RM ASSOC. 1211 Deerfield Drive State College, PA 16803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 865-1298 Dr. Raj Mittra ARMY 04-016 Selected for Award
Title:	Super-Efficient Omni-Directional Antennas for Low Power Wireless Ammunition
Abstract:	The objective of this effort would be to investigate several candidate designs for a Super-Efficient Omni-Directional Antenna for Low Power Wireless Ammunition "Health" Monitoring Systems, and to explore the use of dielectric materials, including metamaterials, for the purpose of size reduction without compromising the antenna performance. The design will be carried out by using a new antenna modeling tool for handling complex structures, viz., the CFDTD and it parallel version, developed by RMA for the DoD. The advantages of using the code is that is very versatile and that it has been validated by the Navy over a two-year period during which they have thoroughly tested the code for a wide variety of antenna designs. Typically, the monopole is a good candidate for omni patterns. However, the monopole design is not conformal and, hence, we would need to investigate alternate configurations for the sensor that meet the specifications given above. Recently, under an SBIR subcontract, RMA has developed a number of antenna designs that are low-profile in nature, and our plan is to explore the possibility of tailoring some of these proven designs for the problem at hand.

ELECTRONICS DEVELOPMENT CORP. 9055F Guilford Road Columbia, MD 21046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 312-6665 Mr. John Gautz ARMY 04-017 Selected for Award
Title:	No-Preset Autonomous Proximity (NPAP) Fuzing-Med Cal Munitions
Abstract:	Some non-lethal systems require that they be initiated at an optimum standoff distance from the intended target so that can be properly deployed. The target will generally be personnel in an urban environment and will be engaged by infantry using hand held weapons. A typical asset used for launching these non-lethal weapons will be Mk19 Grenade Machine Gun in an essentially direct fire role. As a result the projectile trajectory will be relatively flat. A promising solution is to develop a proximity sensor capable of detecting the proper standoff without any presetting. Although we have selected a Microwave Sensor as the primary approach we will conduct tradeoff studies to verify that choice. In particular, an Active Laser Fuze will be considered. In addition, tradeofs will conducted on various implementations of these approaches. A set of selection criteria will be used to evaluate designs including reliability, size, accuracy and cost.

TIME DOMAIN CORP. 7057 Old Madison Pike, Suite 250 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 428-6461 Mr. Herbert Fluhler ARMY 04-017 Selected for Award
Title:	No-Preset Autonomous Proximity (NPAP) Fuzing-Med Cal Munitions
Abstract:	This project develops a simple, reliable proximity fuze for 40mm grenades. The fuze will use ultra wideband (UWB) radar, providing reliable, accurate performance in spite of obscurants. The inherent characteristics of UWB (excellent resolution, interference rejection, multipath immunity) will make the fuze accurate. Recent and on-going development of UWB integrated circuits at Time Domain Corporation (TDC) will enable a simple, small, and affordable radar. Starting with recent work by TDC on a UWB radar fuze, TDC will analyze designs, concentrating especially on cost, size, and reliability. Only designs compatible with existing launchers and providing no-preset operation will be considered. Phase I yields the top level design, mathematical analysis of performance, system and board level requirements, and plans to proceed. Phase II provides a working prototype(s) and demonstrates performance. Within Phase II funding and depending on related development, the prototypes may not be small enough to fit within the grenade. Typical development of miniaturized RF equipment begins with larger prototypes for initial testing and proceeds to smaller unit for volume production. Successful completion of Phases I and II of this project results in the design of a simple, reliable 40mm proximity fuze based on UWB radar.

PERSONNEL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES LLC 50 Mollbrook Drive Wilton, CT 06897
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 762-7910 Dr. Lester Kosowsky ARMY 04-018 Selected for Award
Title:	Near-Vehicle Situational Awareness and Omnidirectional Weapons Detection System
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the Ground/Sea Vehicles, Sensors Technology Area and entails the development of a suite of video (visual and IR) and radar sensors for detecting and declaring the presence of near vehicle threats. Opportunistic hostile attacks present a constant threat to US troops while in ground-combat vehicles. Existing ground weapons detection and near-vehicle situational awareness technologies are limited in terms of sensor field of view, range, size, and reliable target detection and location, especially while the vehicles are in motion. Our novel combination of video and radar, offers a performance region that, for both situation awareness and detection of random lethal attacks, is a minimum of 30-200 meters.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Andrew Kostrzewski ARMY 04-018 Selected for Award
Title:	Real-Time Stereoscopic Catadioptric Omni-Detection System
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for an omnidirectional weapons detection system, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Real-time Stereoscopic Catadioptric Omni-detection (RESCO) system based on omnidirectional optical sensors, acoustic sensors, and compact, high-performance real-time processing hardware for motion stabilized target detection and locating. RESCO motion stabilization will exploit the spatial and temporal/motion information inherent in video data to significantly increase detection rates and decrease false alarms. The stereoscopic omnidirectional video system will detect and locate a threat with ultrawide field-of-view at >150 fps with ultrahigh resolution. Its visual and infrared imaging sensors will enable it to operate day/night, while acoustic sensors incorporated into the omnidirectional video system will enhance location precision with real-time sensor fusion. The data processing will be done in dedicated hardware with a high-performance data processing engine. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of RESCO by demonstrating the high-resolution omnidirectional video system with detection and locating capability as a proof-of-concept system. In Phase II POC plans to build a fully functional real-time omnidirectional weapons detection and location system, and to perform field testing with moving vehicles in an urban area.

TECHNOLOGY FOCUS LLC P.O. Box 142 Covina, CA 91723
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 281-5921 Dr. Francis A. Reed ARMY 04-019 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Wireless, Self-Mapping Small Baseline Acoustic Array
Abstract:	The Army needs small acoustic sensors that can provide good angle estimation at low frequencies. The TecFocus/CornerTurn team proposes to show the feasibility of a small baseline acoustic sensor for in-air use based upon pressure gradient microphone concepts proven in Navy sonars. To assure an adequate demonstration of feasibility a limited field demonstration of a sensor unit using either recorded or simulated vehicle radiated noise will be performed. This demonstration will utilize a prototype sensor unit and PC-based (non-real time) processing to estimate the bearing of in-air signals, providing a measurement of bearing accuracy under realistic conditions. This will be supplemented by an analysis of bearing estimation performance under more general conditions, as well as the sensitivity of bearing accuracy to practical limitations such as fidelity of microphone directional response and the amplitude/phase errors of the microphone channels. Bearing accuracy will be extrapolated to Army signals and scenarios to provide an indication of bearing accuracy as a function of target range. A preliminary system concept, including requirements for microphones, pre-amplification and A/D conversion, signal processing, and wireless link will be developed in sufficient detail to support development of a complete prototype in Phase II.

TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC. 9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 263-2101 Mr. John Bulluck ARMY 04-020 Selected for Award
Title:	Rapidly Emplaced Devices to Attach Sensors/Demolitions to Structures
Abstract:	Explosive breaching is frequently the fastest and most combat-effective method to gain access to compounds, buildings, and rooms. Current explosive and sensor attachment methods are a logistical burden, difficult to use, messy, slow, unreliable, and may require fixtures to work. Improved methods are needed to attach demolition items and sensors to wet, fouled, or underwater surfaces. Texas Research Institute Austin (TRI/Austin) proposes the use of a revolutionary new class of adhesives that are extraordinarily insensitive to water and offer extremely rapid cure and excellent bond strength, even at low temperatures. These materials can be hand applied using a simple, lightweight, disposable coaxial syringe. The proposed fast cure (< 15 seconds) adhesive will easily be able to hold a weight of several pounds, and should have a two-year shelf life. Although adhesives have been used for this application in the past, none of those products has the speed and robust cohesive properties of the proposed materials. A comprehensive test program will be conducted to prepare the formulation and packaging system for Army field use. Tests will include adhesion to plastic explosive simulants, mild steel, and interior and exterior building walls and ceilings, including unprepared and underwater surfaces.

MIDE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 200 Boston Avenue Suite 1000 Medford, MA 02155
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 306-0609 Dr. Mauritz van Schalkwyk ARMY 04-021 Selected for Award
Title:	Projectile Data logger
Abstract:	When projectiles are being fired, they are exposed to extreme environmental conditions inside the gun barrel. There is a need to record these conditions for the purpose of designing of projectiles. With this device different areas of the projectile can be instrumented to record the stresses experienced. The environmental stresses could include temperature, acceleration, vibration, pressure, force, torque and strain. Mid? proposes to design a reusable device that will record these variables as well as crack detection and information from the guidance system. The proposed system will be a self-powered, high sample rate, robust, small and reusable data recorder. Mide's design approach is to use the high-density properties of a mixed logic ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) to combine all the analog circuitry in a compact area. When using discrete components a high percentage (>90%) of the space is under utilized, because of the area around each individual IC (Integrated Circuits) used for interconnection and decoupling. The IC itself also has large under utilized area as typical silicon needed for the function is extremely small but the package has to be large to enable mounting and electrical connections. With an ASIC there is a high density of silicon, shrinking the physical area.

SPACE HARDWARE OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGY, INC. 7200 Highway 150 Greenville, IN 47124
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 923-9591 Mr. Alan Jones ARMY 04-021 Selected for Award
Title:	On-Board Recorder for Data Acquisition During Firing and Flight of Projectiles
Abstract:	SHOTr proposes to design and develop an innovative data acquisition system with previously unavailable capabilities for use in the research and development of precision munitions by the United States defense community. This second generation on-board recorder (OBR-II) has highly advanced interface and control features, all of which are under software control. These features provide for drastically improved simplicity in interfacing the precision munitions sensor suite, device functionality, data acquisition timing control, and data retrieval to virtually any PC via a USB port. In addition to these compelling improvements to the recorders currently in use, SHOT's OBR-II channel capacity, signal converter resolution, non-volatile data storage, and recorder storage capacity are far in excess of any of the high shock environment recorders available today. As part of the development of the OBR-II, SHOT will also investigate the structural analysis of novel physical configurations, housing materials, potting compounds, and electrical interface packaging. SHOT's OBR-II is a recorder that is capable of handling the high shock environment, as well as being truly simple to use and attractive in every regard to military and commercial customers.

SKIAMETRICS, INC. 19 Glengarry Winchester, MA 01890
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 721-2908 Dr. Paul Burstein ARMY 04-022 Awarded: 04JAN05
Title:	The X-ray Mega-Volt X-Ray Digital Imaging Inspection System
Abstract:	The X-ray Imaging Module (XIM) is a compact, efficient, inexpensive imager component that can be ganged with other XIMs to produce very high spatial resolution seamless images over very large areas, over 2 meters in a single dimension, if necessary. XIM provides fast, deep-dynamic range, low-noise calibrated digital readouts at a user-selectable/motion-coordinated rate, enabling virtually all reconstructive imaging applications, such as CT, TDI, and laminography. XIMs are easily constructed from existing components and subsystems and do not require any exotic technologies. Even at high x-ray energies, XIMs are radiation resistant. Skiametrics will design and build one XIM module, experimentally demonstrate edge-to-edge sensitivity and the ability to seamlessly stitch together sub-images produced by individual XIMs, as well as measuring the usual x-ray imaging characteristics, thereby validating the entire XIM-ganging concept. Phase I will incorporate software for data acquisition and control of XIM readout, and for analysis. Software specification for use of XIM with a standard application interface, e.g., LabView/MatLab, will be provided. The option program addresses developing an initial set of generally configurable tools for reconstructive imaging and will demonstrate one such application. Our approach emphasizes astute calibration techniques, tested algorithms, and lack of dependence on a single technology or provider.

AXSUN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1 Fortune Drive Billerica, MA 01821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 640-1661 Mr. John Rasmussen ARMY 04-023 Selected for Award
Title:	LIGA-Based Low-Spin/Low-G Customizable Safe and Arm (S&A) Devices for Multiple Applications
Abstract:	Axsun Technologies proposes to research and design (Phase I), and develop and fabricate (Phase II) a simplified, low cost electromechanical and/or mechanical/energetic Safe and Arm (S&A) device (or family of devices) that will be fabricated using advanced LIGA-based manufacturing technologies. These advanced LIGA-based manufacturing technologies, the development of which is currently being funded by the JSSAP Office of the U.S. Army RDECOM under the MEMS S&A Development Program, will enable the production of rugged,smoothly operating mechanisms that will fully meet all of the functional performance requirements of the applications listed in the solicitation.

MORGAN RESEARCH CORP. 4811A Bradford Drive Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 533-3233 Dr. Philip Reiner ARMY 04-023 Selected for Award
Title:	Microsystems Technology (MST) for Fuzing in Low-Spin/Low-G Launch Environment
Abstract:	Morgan Research Corporation has developed a compact, lightweight, MEMS based safe and arming device concept for low-G launch, low spin rate munitions such as the 2.75 rocket. The designs include concepts for a MEMS rotation sensor, rotationally driven arming mechanism, and initial setback detector for low-G operations. This Phase I effort will focus on the development of these designs. New methods for safe and arming small munitions will be demonstrated for the first time along with techniques for automatic disarming of live, unexploded ordnance.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Albert Okorogu ARMY 04-024 Selected for Award
Title:	Scanning Second-Order Holographic Laser Acoustic System
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army's need for a self-aiming laser acoustic target designator/classifier, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Second-order Scanning Holographic Laser Acoustic (SOHLA) system. SOHLA will be based on integration of uniquely designed aberration-corrected, high-efficiency, scanning single- or multibeam holographic telescopic optics (antenna) with unique laser acoustic sensing, second-order holographic interferometry (photorefractive crystal) and a tracking subsystem to place a laser-lock on a target. Second order holography has the unique advantages of real-time monitoring and the self-referencing effect of photorefractive nonlinear crystals or polymers, remarkably reducing the coherence and stability requirements of vibrometry and holographic systems. Thus, the resulting sensor is totally immune to vibration and environmental variations of the medium, and adaptable to changes in beam direction. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of SOHLA laser scanning classification/tracking by fabricating a single laser scanning telescopic system for operation at a wavelength of 785 nm, integrated with a laser acoustic holographic sensing system and array of directional microphones. Phase II will produce a practical, field-deployable, self-aiming laser acoustic target designator with a fully developed target classification database.

COHERENT LOGIX, INC. 101 West 6th Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 479-7732 Mr. Bryan Schleck ARMY 04-025 Selected for Award
Title:	Processing Smart Engine for Remote Sensing (PSERS)
Abstract:	Coherent Logix, Incorporated (CLX) proposes to develop an innovative high-speed processing smart unit for remote sensing. The smart unit will provide a general-purpose platform that is capable of processing complex sensing algorithms from multiple sensor modalities in an extremely small form factor. As part of the project, multi-modal algorithms leveraging parallel processing techniques will be developed. In the Phase I program, CLX will conduct preliminary research and design a small, low-cost, high-speed processing smart engine to execute a variety of on board sensors. The design will be proved through processing of at least two different sensors simultaneously with a built-in wireless device.

GENEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 10605 Concord Street, #500 Kensington, MD 20895
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 962-6565 Mr. David Tunnell ARMY 04-025 Selected for Award
Title:	A Novel Multi-Modal, Multi-Sensor General Purpose Processing Engine for Remote Surveillance
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project is to develop a novel Smart Optical SensorT (SOS) technology (hardware platform and embedded software) that can be added to any sensor type to remotely process complex algorithms. Existing surveillance systems typically utilize a variety of sensor modalities ranging from acoustic and seismic to video and infrared sensors. Olfactory based sensors and bio/chemical sensors are also becoming popular sensors for the defense of the United States. The algorithms used to process each of the sensor outputs have traditionally been processed on PC-based processors or expensive, large application specific hardware. Such centralized surveillance architecture fails to meet the ever-increasing demands of the military and homeland security for remote tactical surveillance to cover large geographic areas. The SOS concept we propose represents a new paradigm in intelligent surveillance. By incorporating computationally intensive smart processing algorithms into an embedded, low power hardware platform placed at the sensor location, we can eliminate much of the transmission bandwidth requirements demanded by current systems, providing only the data that is desired by the user. The chief goal of SOS research and development is to bring about a tactical network of sensor post-processors that are small enough to be physically added to the sensors to enable remote sensing literally anywhere the user desires.

STREAM PROCESSORS, INC. 1068 Vernier Place Stanford, CA 94305
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 725-8086 Dr. Brucek Khailany ARMY 04-025 Selected for Award
Title:	Embedded Smart Sensor Electronics for Remote Sensing
Abstract:	Stream processors can provide 100s of GOPS of performance at low power levels with full programmability from high-level programming languages. SPI proposes to evaluate the applicability of these stream processors to remote surveillance systems where tens to hundreds of GOPS of performance and interfacing to a variety of sensors is required. As part of this evaluation, algorithm mapping and hardware demonstration for video and audio sensor filtering, processing, and compression is proposed.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Mr. Paul Cataldi ARMY 04-026 Selected for Award
Title:	An Innovative Confined Space Blast Wave Measurement System
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop an innovative blast wave measurement system that will characterize the three-dimensional nature of the blast inside an enclosed space. The innovation of our approach is in the design of the sensor modules that provide three-directional time resolved measurements of the blast wave static pressure and the blast front propagation direction. Using data to be obtained with our omni-directional blast wave measurements system in conjuction with data analysis algorithms, our system will determine the essential desired blast wave parameters. The Phase I program will concentrate on identifying the requirements of the system, refining the design to achieve these requirements, and assessing various transducers capable of achieving the requirements. PSI will also identify all the necessary hardware and software to characterize a 3-D model of the blast. During the Phase II program, PSI will fabricate the design, integrate modeling software, and produce a prototype to be validated during actual live fire testing at an Army facility.

ANACAPA SCIENCES, INC. 301 East Carrillo Street 2FL, P. O. Box 519 Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 966-6157 Dr. Susan Fischer ARMY 04-027 Awarded: 03JAN05
Title:	Multi-Tasking Assessment for Personnel Selection and Development
Abstract:	The primary objective of Phase I will be to design a practical, reliable, and valid computer-based assessment of the ability to perform well in a different types of multi-tasking environments, primarily those encountered by first-term Army enlistees. Formal development and validation of the measure will then take place in Phase II. The first objective in Phase I is to conduct a literature review to extend our current model of individual difference variables that predict multi-tasking performance. The second is to analyze the defining characteristics of several multi-tasking jobs in order to create a typology of MT environments that matches environmental characteristics to requisite cognitive and non-cognitive individual difference variables. The third objective will be to design a measurement approach that taps these critical individual difference variables. The fourth objective will be to develop studies to develop and validate the measurement approach. Phase I products will include a model of individual difference variables that predict multi-tasking ability; a model of different types of multi-tasking environments and the associated skills and abilities required to perform well in those environments the test design, the Phase II study design, and an optional prototype of the test.

DRASGOW CONSULTING GROUP LLC 3508 N. Highcross Rd Urbana, IL 61802
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 328-1824 Dr. Charles L. Hulin ARMY 04-029 Awarded: 03JAN05
Title:	Computer-Adaptive Assessment of Temperament to Support Personnel Selection and Classification Decisions
Abstract:	We intend to use our recently developed IRT model for scoring multidimensional pairwise preference items as the basis for a computerized adaptive test (CAT) that is designed to be fake resistant. The items will consist primarily of pairs of personality statements, on different dimensions, which are similar in social desiriability. A respondent's task will be to choose the statement in each pair that is "more like me." Our recent studies have shown this IRT approach to constructing and scoring fake-resistant items can successfully recover normative scores when at least two personality dimensions are assessed. Moreover, the use of adaptive item selection should greatly facilitate the process of test construction, increase measurement accuracy, and decrease testing time. In Phase I, we will 1) conduct a series of simulation studies involving our IRT approach to constructing and scoring multidimensional pairwise preference items; and 2) identify important and nonoverlaping temperament dimensions, relevant to performance in broad military and civilian job groups.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 842-1548 Dr. Michael Paley ARMY 04-030 Awarded: 03JAN05
Title:	Shared Understanding Across Levels of Command
Abstract:	In any mission involving hierarchical levels of command, a key success factor is the clear communication of intent, as well as a common understanding of the ongoing situation, across levels of command. In practice, however, command intent may be distorted as subordinates communicate goals downward, and feedback upward, through the chain of command. To the extent that command intent is misunderstood by subordinates or upward feedback misunderstood by superiors, inconsistencies will exist, possibly leading to misinterpretations, inappropriate actions, and compromised mission effectiveness. The purpose of this Phase I SBIR project is to mitigate these problems both by developing a tool for measuring, and identifying a training approach for optimizing, the extent to which the understanding of intent is shared throughout a hierarchy. We propose an investigative program that links prior findings on shared cognition, situational awareness, and team training with new research on hierarchical goal structures and information sharing, focusing on both current and future battlefield scenarios. Our research uses the Combat Application Team (CAT) methodology, in which a panel of military experts collaborates to provide a holistic examination of shared intent from many perspectives. Complementary studies are aimed at quantifying the construct of "sharedness." Based on this research, a prototype assessment tool will be designed. Phase I will culminate in a demonstration of the feasibility of our approach, utilizing Aptima's Distributed Dynamic Decision-making (DDD) testbed, and thus facilitating Phase II development of a shared awareness tool and intervention program.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2419 Dr. Kathleen Hess ARMY 04-032 Selected for Award
Title:	New Technologies for Growing Leaders: Assessment of Wisdom
Abstract:	Increasingly, the Army has become engaged in "operations other than war." Compared to traditional combat operations, these missions are considerably more complex and ill-defined. Success in these operations requires that Army leaders view problems from a Joint Forces mindset, recognize the long-term implications of their command decisions, and make complex value judgments that have no clear, correct decision. In short, these missions require wisdom. The Army recognizes this need, and is currently searching for an effective way to develop wisdom among Army leaders. Aptima proposes to develop a scenario-based assessment and advisory tool: the Army Wisdom Assessment and Readiness Development (AWARD) system. AWARD will assess the wisdom level of Army officers and NCOs, diagnose areas for improvement, and identify meaningful developmental experiences. During Phase I, we will develop a theoretical framework that outlines the dimensions, development, and outcomes of wisdom as they pertain to Army leadership. From this theory, we will develop a paper-and-pencil, scenario-based instrument for assessing wisdom throughout the Army chain of command. We will also develop specifications for a software version of this tool, to be built in Phase II, whose intelligent agents will score the leaders' responses and provide diagnostic feedback for improving their level of wisdom.

CHAMELEON OPTICS, INC. 3401 Market Street, Suite 217 Philadelphia, PA 19104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 387-2717 Dr. Paul J. Martin ARMY 04-033 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Electrochromic Tungsten Oxide Nano Particles
Abstract:	Chameleon Optics was founded on March 10, 1998 in Philadelphia, PA, for the purpose of developing unique devices based on proprietary chromogenic (color-changing) coatings. The company is a resident organization of the University City Science Center, one of the largest and most successful business incubators in the world. Chameleon Optics has patented technology to produce reflective flexible electrochromic devices based on electrochromic tungsten oxide particles dispersed in a fluoropolymer matrix. These devices are much less costly and easier to manufacture than their rigid counterparts. However, like their rigid counterparts, these flexible electrochromic devises exhibit inadequate switching speed, spectral response and switching potential to be commercially attractive. The objective of this Phase I effort will be to demonstrate a flexible electrochromic device with substantially improved properties through the control of the size and shape of the electrochromic tungsten oxide particle imbedded within the polymer matrix. Pursuant to the above objective, we propose to (1) formulate a material system utilizing particle size and shape control, with special emphasis on generating nanoparticles; (2) characterize this new system structurally; and (3) test the resulting device for improvement in switching speed, spectral response and switching potential.

KENT DISPLAYS, INC. 343 Portage Blv Kent, OH 44240
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(330) 673-8784 Dr. Bill Doane ARMY 04-033 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Self Powered Cholesteric Reflective Flexible Displays
Abstract:	A reflective display that simultaneously serves to generate power from ambient light is developed to create a flexible body worn display that does not require battery replacement or user charging. Taking advantage of optical features unique to the bistable cholesteric technology, the dual purpose reflective display makes efficient use of ambient light to convert into electrical power remaining light not reflected by the image even while the device is being operated as a display. Not possible with other known display technologies, a self powered, high resolution cholesteric display on a flexible substrate is developed for maps, text, photos and graphics at a page turn rate, on the average, of several pages per minute.

AGILTRON CORP. 220 Ballardvale St., Suite D Wilmington, MA 01887
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 694-1006 Mr. Jack Salerno ARMY 04-035 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Multi-Channel High-Speed Phase/Amplitude Manipulation
Abstract:	Agiltron, Inc proposes a fully integrated approach for free-space laser communication transceiver components offering multi-channel beam combination and separation with fast phase-shift and amplitude-variation capabilities. The innovation is independent electro-optic manipulation of the orthogonally polarized input/output signals, both in phase and amplitude, by using advanced Ti: MgO: LiNbO3 waveguide structures. We anticipate achieving the target performance of 4 pi phase- and 20 dB amplitude-variation independently controlled for each transmitting-signal channel; low operating voltage (<20v), high isolation (>55dB) between transmit and receive paths; and the integration of over 128 channels on a single chip. Using multiple-chip integration, the proposed concept may be cost effectively scaled to very large channel counts. LiNbO3 waveguide technology is the most mature and reliable guided-wave technology for practical high-performance electro-optical devices. MgO doped LiNbO3 technology broadens the applications into high power electro-optic and nonlinear optical devices. LiNbO3 waveguide devices are mass-produced, coupled to optical fibers with reasonable optical loss, and packaged to withstand harsh environmental conditions and provide long-term operation in telecommunications systems. A preliminary device will be fabricated in Phase I for evaluation. Further performance improvement and channel scaling will be addressed in the subsequent Phase II effort.

EOSPACE, INC. 8711 148th Ave NE Redmond, WA 98052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 702-8407 Dr. Walter Charczenko ARMY 04-035 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Photonic Multi-Channel Transmit/Receive Integrated Phase and Amplitude Controller
Abstract:	The development of compact Gbit/sec bandwidth Army free-space, laser communication systems requires a new generation of fiber-optic, high-speed, multi-channel beam controllers. It is proposed to develop a low-loss, multi-channel, integrated transmit/receive, beam-combiner and controller with high-speed, low voltage phase shifting and amplitude modulation capabilities. The Transmit/Receive (Transceiver) Integrated Phase and Amplitude Controller (TRIPAC), will be made using compact, ultra-low-loss, electro-optic Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) optical waveguide IC technology. This monolithic solid-state device will be capable of launching and splitting a high-power 1550 nm laser beam into an array of multiple parallel high-speed phase shifters and amplitude controllers operating simultaneously on both transmitted and received beams.

SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 3307 BOB WALLACE AVENUE, SUITE 3 HUNTSVILLE, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 876-4204 Mr. Brian Burris ARMY 04-036 Awarded: 01DEC04
Title:	Radar Target Signature Modulator
Abstract:	A radar target signature modulator (RTSM) concept is proposed based on technologies and implementations developed for RF missile seeker hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation facilities at the Redstone Arsenal Missile Research and Development Center. For the proposed application, these designs must be extended to be ultra-wideband, covering 2 GHz at the center of X-band. With the advent of commercially available wideband I&Q modulators operating at X-band, the tapped delay concepts developed for narrowband HWIL applications can now be applied to the development of the RTSM system described in the topic synopsis. The tapped delay implementation permits the generation of multi-scatterer target range profile signatures incorporating large numbers of scatterers for each of two orthogonal polarizations. The tapped delay design is independent of target model scatterer count, depending only on the maximum radar range resolution. The real-time tap modulation is independent of changing radar waveforms. This technique has been verified and validated in its narrowband implementation. The extension of the tapped delay system to cover the required 9-11 GHz band will be challenging but relatively low-risk.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2467 Dr. Georgiy Levchuk ARMY 04-037 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	PERSUADE: PERSonnel-based Unit of Action Design Environment
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed work is to utilize innovative optimization algorithms and normative engineering models for the design of Army organizations. This system will increase productivity and efficiency of Army organizations by identifying critical factors in organizational structure, resource control, and processes given mission goals, team expertise, informal relationships, and resource/manpower constraints. The ultimate product of this research effort is the PERSonnel-based Unit of Action Design Environment (PERSUADE) Toolset - an interactive simulation, optimization and decision aid software environment that will help human users quickly and easily determine an optimized mix of factors that maximize organizational effectiveness, given a particular organizational context and mission structure. To accomplish these goals, a model will be developed that will allow linking the organizational structure and processes with the mission and environment, and predict the likely interplay between organizational factors based on defined performance criteria. PERSUADE builds on validated organizational modeling and optimal organizational design approaches, extending them to include representations of the informal relationship among unit members such as trust and unit cohesion, and the effects of these relationships on unit performance.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 1035 Virginia Drive, Suite 300 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 277-9288 Dr. Dawn Riddle ARMY 04-037 Awarded: 24NOV04
Title:	Expeditionary Future Force and Element Configuration Tool (EFFECT)
Abstract:	The U.S. Army's Future Force strategy will result in a Force that (1) is capable of conducting any mission in any environment against any enemy, and (2) enables individuals at any level within the Force to access the same information and situational awareness. The two capabilities together allow and even require individuals to achieve a higher level of autonomy in decision making than is currently possible, enabling them to act more like leaders. To accommodate such objectives, however, the Force must be extremely adaptable and flexible, able to tailor its units to the particulars of a given mission and environment-a complex task, given the variety of factors influencing team effectiveness and the potential time pressure involved. The proposed effort will investigate the feasibility of a decision support tool to assist in the process. The tool is intended for expeditionary force and unit planners who must quickly design maximally effective teams in terms of mission outcome, morale, and so on. Specifically, it will help determine the optimal structure (e.g., centralized vs. decentralized) and ideal characteristics (e.g., cohesiveness, decision making authority) of an organization and team based on assessments of mission-specific goals and requirements, environmental parameters, available resources, and current capabilities.

APPLIED PERCEPTION, INC. 109 Gateway Avenue, Suite 201 Wexford, PA 15090
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(724) 934-8965 Dr. Parag Batavia ARMY 04-038 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Soldier Universal Robot Controller
Abstract:	Current robotic controllers place a great deal of emphasis on graphical control methods. While graphics and visualization are an important and critical method for controlling robotic assets, they are not sufficient in all cases. The ideal robotic controller would enable the soldier to interact with the robot in the same manner as he interacts with other subordinates, with there being no distinction between a robotic or human subordinate. While this goal requires a great deal of technology development both in controller design and in robotic autonomy, there is much that can be done to improve the state of the art in robot controllers using existing principles and technologies, to enable a more natural interaction between robot and soldier In this proposal, we present a plan to develop a Soldier Universal Robot Controller (SURC) to enable Seamless Integration between the soldier and a team of robots. The SURC will make use of multi-modal hardware (audio and visual) for input and output and a multi-tiered interface model based on robot capabilities and mission requirements; it will have cognitive aids to reduce operator workload and modulate the interface, and will use terminology familiar to the soldier (as taken from Army Field Manuals) to minimize training time, costs and cognitive burden; it will further reduce operator workload by making use of existing collaborative robotics technologies to share information between robots. Finally, there will be an embedded simulation capability for mission rehearsal and training.

CHATTEN ASSOC., INC. 1094 New Dehaven Avenue West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 940-6040 Mr. Kent Massey ARMY 04-038 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Soldier Universal Robot Controller
Abstract:	We propose a universal OCU that will control small robots of different types. The operator interface is displayed on a helmet-mounted micro-display. The control inputs are a head-aimed camera system in conjunction with a controller (thumbstick and two buttons) that is integrated into the operator's rifle stock/grip. The result is an intuitive interface that allows the operator to "look around" the control menu system and other displays using natural head motion, and interact with the menus or vehicle control while keeping his/her hand in firing position. The head-aimed camera in the vehicle allows the operator to maintain situational awareness at the vehicle as well as personal situational awareness, for maximal mission effectiveness and safety. In Phase I, we will develop a comprehensive software architecture and operator interface to access the functional capabilities of a robotic vehicle as well as other data, such as maps for laying navigational waypoints. We will also design a wireless thumbstick, and integrate the controller into a rifle grip. In the Phase I Option, we will implement a selected subset of the interface functions, and test the OCU on a small UGV of our own design.

NOVA ENGINEERING, INC. 5 Circle Freeway Drive Cincinnati, OH 45246
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 642-3208 Dr. David Hartup ARMY 04-039 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	RF Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) for Retargeting
Abstract:	A new family of munitions that can be retargeted in flight is being developed. In order to obtain timely and accurate target position and velocity information, new sensor arrays are needed. This proposal describes the use of a radar system to obtain the position and velocity information. Integrated with the radar system is a self-forming, networked radio system that performs the function of sensor node localization and transfer of information among nodes. Key design goals include small size, low cost, and the ability to operate from a battery for extended periods of time. Additionally, radar foliage penetration capability and use of a minimum number of GPS equipped nodes is important to the system design.

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC. 641 SE Central Parkway Stuart, FL 34994
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(772) 283-0253 Mr. John F Justak ARMY 04-040 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	A Non-Contacting, Compliant Seal for Improved Turbine Engine Performance
Abstract:	Advanced Technologies Group, ATG, proposes a Hybrid Advanced Robust Dependable (HARD) Seal that exceeds the Army's advanced high temperature seal application requirements. The ATG HARD seal is a non-contacting film riding seal design that will build on patented hybrid-Brush seal success at ATG. This vanguard design, when combined with advanced high temperature materials will provide unrivaled durability, reliability, performance, and maintainability at temperatures approaching 1800,aF, differential pressures to 250 psi, and surface speeds of 1500 feet per second.

MOHAWK INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1037 Watervliet-Shaker Road Albany, NY 12205
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 862-4290 Dr. Hooshang Heshmat ARMY 04-040 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Innovative Gas Path Sealing Concepts for Improved Turbine Engine Performance
Abstract:	The specific innovation proposed by MiTir in response to the US Army topic is a high performance compliant foil radial seal for advanced turboshaft/turboprop engines to replace labyrinth seals and/or brush seals. A non-contacting compliant dynamic seal overcomes the performance and life limitations associated with contacting seals in which clearances between the rotating and static structures increases with time, resulting in increased flow and decreased differential pressure across the seal. Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. (MiTi?) proposes continued research and development of a robust, high temperature, high speed, non-contacting, hydrodynamic compliant foil seal with a leakage rate far less than either a labyrinth or brush seal that will not degrade in performance between engine overhauls, even after rotor excursions due to maneuver loads or surge. To achieve this goal, a two pronged approach will be used that includes the application of an existing foil seal analysis capability and verification testing of a new compliant foil seal design. The objective of this Phase I effort is the resolution of design limitations identified under previous compliant foil seal testing.

GENERAL SCIENCES, INC. 205 Schoolhouse Road Souderton, PA 18964
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 723-8588 Mr. Anthony Rozanski ARMY 04-041 Awarded: 29NOV04
Title:	Multipurpose Reactive Materials
Abstract:	Next generation energy rich materials are under development for both military and civilian uses. These materials are non-explosive (they do not detonate) and are generally referred to as "Reactive Materials". Reactive materials are being developed in conjunction with, or independent of, classical explosives; reactive materials serve as blast enhancers for thermobaric explosives, reactive fragments cause enhanced lethality damage to missiles and enclosed systems when compared to inert kinetic energy penetrators, produce high temperature, structurally conforming fireballs for the defeat of biological and chemical agents, allow the destruction of land mines without causing damaging detonation, produce reactive shape charge liners for defeat of concrete and armor targets, as well as providing "stealth" defeat of electronic equipment and other applications, currently under development, to benefit both defense and research. General Sciences with guidance from the U.S. Army will develop technology and applications, specifically suited to low velocity, close to the ground encounters and targets of interest to the U.S. Army. Several tasks are proposed in order to demonstrate the suitability of GSI technology in meeting the needs of the Army for new reactive materials and warhead concepts and to develop a test plan to transition into larger scale tests in a second phase.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2496 Mr. John Colonna-Romano ARMY 04-043 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Manpower and Personnel Estimation Methods for Post-Deployment Software Maintenance
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to provide the basis for a decision support capability for project/program managers early in the systems acquisition process so they can make informed decisions to reduce life cycle costs and improve deployed system readiness. This project will apply Cognitive Work Analysis and Systems Dynamics modeling to identify and model factors, relationships and constraints available early in the acquisition process which can predict characteristics of the sustainment environment (such as costs and system readiness). The factors primarily take into consideration the cognitive demands required to operate the system and the various means to satisfy those demands such as personnel selection, manpower, training and support. Organizational mechanisms of the sustainment environment will also be considered. The sustainment predictions are used as a metric to optimize the design of the system to reduce future sustainment costs, improve deployed system readiness and plan the sustainment environment.

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC. 1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 260-5274 Mr. Michael Painter ARMY 04-043 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Manpower and Personnel Estimation Methods for Post-Deployment Software Maintenance
Abstract:	The goal of this effort is to develop an advanced methodology and supporting tools to facilitate the definition of post-deployment software support staff selection, staffing levels, and training requirements for emerging weapon systems. The resulting capabilities will greatly enhance the Army's ability to investigate, analyze, and quantify the impact of various software maintenance concepts on soldier-focused performance metrics (e.g., availability). The Phase I project will (i) determine appropriate model(s) for post-deployment software maintenance workload estimation, (ii) define a post-deployment software maintenance concept analysis and refinement methodology, (iii) define automation support needs for post-deployment software maintenance concept formulation and analysis, (iv) define prototype tool architecture and development strategy, and (v) document Phase I results and develop Phase II approach. The main results of the Phase I project will be (a) a new methodology for maintenance concept analysis and refinement and (b) an architectural strategy and initial design for the tools needed to support post-deployment software maintenance requirements analysis. The proposed developments will provide the capability to determine software operations and maintenance burden estimates and to analyze the implications of that burden in the context of different maintenance concepts.

ECLIPSE ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. 2345 Anvil Street North St. Petersburg, FL 33710
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(727) 347-4200 Ms. Hulya Demiryont ARMY 04-044 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Flexible Transparent Conducting Films
Abstract:	There is a significant market for electrochromic devices deposited on flexible substrates for building thermal control and energy conservation and automotive applications to improve passenger comfort by modification of optical properties of window and, in particular, the reflectance of vehicular mirrors, spacecraft and building systems. The present proposal suggests the use of metal oxide based electrochromic layers in conjunction with novel polymer electrolytes to provide a long-lasting flexible modular electrochromic device.

NANOSONIC, INC. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 Dr. Jennifer Lalli ARMY 04-044 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	METAL RUBBERT Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Conductive Transparent Elastomers
Abstract:	NanoSonic, Inc. specializes in electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) processing of well-defined inorganic nanoclusters and high performance organic polymers which has led to a family of METAL RUBBERT transparent, electrically conductive, free standing elastomeric films. This novel approach yields inorganic/organic hybrid nanocomposites with multiple controlled constitutive properties: bulk resistivity (10-5 ?∙cm to 105 ?∙cm), mechanical properties (modulus 0.1 MPa to 100 MPa), chemical and abrasion resistance, and transparency. NanoSonic's ESA process builds films of controlled thickness ranging from conformal coatings (nm thin) on polymer, metal and semiconductor substrates to free standing (mm thick) flexible films. Excellent molecular homogeneity (+/- 5 nm) is achieved by the alternate layer-by-layer adsorption of the target materials. NanoSonic's durable METAL RUBBERT films are prepared at a fraction of the cost of vacuum sputtered films and with greater versatility in reagents. During Phase I, transparent films with steady bulk resistivity upon flexing will be designed and synthesized by self-assembly of high performance compliant polymers with nanostructured inorganic conductors. Optimized films will be demonstrated on Army's next generation flexible information displays and adaptable electronic devices and on external multi-layered flexible sensor array coatings for (Phase II partner) Lockheed Martin vehicles for combined sensing and solar power generation.

COHERENT LOGIX, INC. 101 West 6th Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 479-7732 Mr. Bryan Schleck ARMY 04-045 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Simultaneous Real-Time Processing Surveillance Receiver (SRPSR)
Abstract:	Coherent Logix, Incorporated (CLX) proposes to develop a digital receiver with tightly coupled massively parallel signal processing to overcome the inherent limitations in current state of the art surveillance receivers. The proposed digital receiver will have the ability to measure intended and unintended spectral emissions of electronic equipment in a very dense, noisy signal environment. In the Phase I program, CLX will develop the technical specifications for all of the system components and identify them as commercially available or to be developed. Specifically, CLX will model and predict performance of the proposed system which will include detailed theoretical and laboratory investigations on the design and performance of the critical components in order to demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed design.

CROSSFIELD TECHNOLOGY LLC 8600 RR620 North, Suite 2936 Austin, TX 78726
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 680-0269 Dr. Gary McMillian ARMY 04-045 Awarded: 24NOV04
Title:	Advanced Ultra Broad Band Direct Conversion Digital Receiver
Abstract:	Crossfield Technology proposes an innovative direct conversion receiver and digital signal processor system that provides ultra wideband frequency coverage at ultra high frequency resolution. Key features of Crossfield's ultra wide band receiver and signal processor design include: Ultra wide band direct conversion (zero-IF or near-zero-IF) using state-of-the-art SiGe analog-to-digital converter technology. An innovative parallel digital signal processor design based on ultra-high performance, commercial off-the-shelf, components implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology that computes the Fourier transform and power spectral density (PSD) in near-real-time and at a break-through performance level, even for the exceptionally large transforms required to achieve 0.1 Hz resolution over a 1 GHz bandwidth. Modular system architecture using a next generation switched backplane configured in a mesh routing topology for ultra-high bandwidth between direct conversion receiver and parallel digital signal processors.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Ms. Lori Bracamonte ARMY 04-046 Awarded: 28DEC04
Title:	Silicon Nitride Based Ceramic Tubes for Gun Barrel Applications
Abstract:	There is a need to replace steel gun barrels, both to improve lifetime and reduce weight. Ceramic liners are obvious candidates due to their high wear and corrosion resistance, as well as high temperature capabilities, and Si3N4 is a preferred material. However, Si3N4 tubes greater that 200mm in length cannot be fabricated to the required tolerances due to bowing during processing. It is proposed that this problem be addressed by combining developed green body fabrication processes as practiced commercially by SiNeramics with the patented continuous sintering process of Dr. Dale E. Wittmer, Wittmer Consultants, Inc. (WCI). This sintering has already been demonstrated to be enabling in terms of producing ceramic bodies that maintain dimensional integrity over significant lengths. Two Si3N4-based compositions will be explored: (1) a cost effective, commercial one that has excellent properties, and (2) a typical one where oxide additives, incorporated as coatings, will be used to improve uniformity of the green body and minimize density gradients. The combined extensive advanced gun barrel material development experience of MER with SiNeramics and WCI's expertise ensures high potential for the successful development of SiN4 tubes for gun barrel applications.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. George Hida ARMY 04-046 Awarded: 28DEC04
Title:	Sialon for Monolithic Ceramic Gun Barrel Liners
Abstract:	Standard chromium plated steel gun barrels have long been a limitation in lifecycle and lethality and limits utilization of more advanced propellants and projectiles as well as inherently heavy. It is anticipated that some select ceramic materials as gun barrel liners will substantially increase barrel life, accuracy, muzzle kinetic energy and provide a considerable weight reduction. One specific sialon ceramic composition of Si3Al3O3N5 has higher strength and fracture toughness than any other monolithic ceramic and has been production produced by the PI in tubes similar to gun barrel liners in lengths of 1200 mm with a tolerance very close to that required for gun barrel liners. This program will utilize the demonstrated production processing of Si3Al3O3N5 sialon as a basis and demonstrate processing control to produce 500 mm barrels that meet diameter tolerance of �0.15 mm and concentricity/bowing specification equivalent to current metal barrels. Sialon tubes 500 mm long that meet tolerance specifications will be delivered and a 1000 mm tube will be produced which is possible because of the established production processing that has produced 1200 mm sialon tubes.

SIMMETRIX, INC. 10 Halfmoon Executive Park Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 348-1639 Dr. Ottmar Klaas ARMY 04-047 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	The Multiscale Simulation Application Suite
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR project will develop a generalized multiscale modeling environment to allow the easy integration and use of multiple analysis codes needed for multiscale modeling. Multiscale modeling is a growing numerical analysis technique that is critical to solving some of the fundamental problems in micro-electronics, bio-technology, and nano-technology. Current technologies do not address the unique requirements of multiscale modeling, making the software difficult to apply to these important problems. These developments will build off of an existing set of software components designed for the integration of computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering, as well as a highly customizable rapid application development environment. These tools will be enhanced with capabilities specific to the pre- and post-processing of multiscale analyses as well as the core technologies to enable the integration of analysis codes interacting at multiple scales.

SENSOR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1195 Atlas Road Columbia, SC 29209
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(803) 647-9757 Dr. Thomas M. Katona ARMY 04-048 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	InGaN-Channel Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor With Double Recessed Gate for Improved RF Performance
Abstract:	We propose a new approach for fabrication of reliable, high breakdown voltage InGaN-channel transistors for next generation radars and communications systems. Double recessed gate design enabled to increase breakdown voltage, alleviate non-ideal effects, and suppressing current instabilities and dispersion effects in GaAs-based HEMTs. However, no robust high performance double recessed gate GaN-based HFET technology has been developed. We propose to develop new epitaxial layer design with ternary (InGaN) and quaternary (AlInGaN) stop etch layers for double recess device fabrication. We already demonstrated significant improvement in the RF performance of AlGaN/InGaN/AlGaN/GaN-based HFETs with recessed gate design. We used our novel Migration Enhanced MOCVD (MEMOCVDTM) deposition technique to incorporate a very thin (2 nm) InGaN layer into AlGaN barrier. We propose to combine this approach with our novel AlGaN/AlInGaN/InGaN/GaN based Triple HFET (THFET) design. Quaternary AlInGaN cap layer grown over InGaN channel will be used as a second (lower) stop etch layer for RIE etch. We will recess both source and drain ohmic contacts and will fabricate them on In-containing AlInGaN cap layer for reduced contact resistance. The benefits of the proposed design are higher breakdown voltage without introduction of field plate design (which degrades high-frequency performance) and suppression of current dispersion.

SVT ASSOC., INC. 7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 934-2100 Dr. Andrei Osinsky ARMY 04-048 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	AlInGaN-based Transistors for Advanced Applications
Abstract:	Aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been demonstrated with superior characteristics that make them promising candidates for high-performance radar, communication, imaging and other advanced applications. Still, there remain performance and reproducibility related issues that must be addressed to achieve successful commercialization of these devices. In this Phase I project, we will investigate indium containing AlInGaN HEMTs as part of the effort towards improving dc and rf performance. The work will involve novel device design, material growth, and wafer processing.

PRINCETON LIGHTWAVE, INC. 2555 Route 130 South, Suite 1 Cranbury, NJ 08512
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 495-2546 Dr. Dmitri Garbuzov ARMY 04-049 Awarded: 28DEC04
Title:	Highly Efficient, Power-Scalable Long-Wavelength Diode Laser Pumps for Eye-Safe Solid-State Laser Development
Abstract:	For this SBIR program, Princeton Lightwave Inc. proposes the development of 1530 nm InGaAsP/InP laser diode pump arrays with powers in excess of 50 W from 1-cm bars with the potential for scalability to a two-dimensional bar stack format without limitation in the number of one-dimensional array elements. For use in pumping eye-safe Er:YAG solid state lasers (SSLs) emitting at ~1620-1640 nm, these arrays will be designed to achieve at least 80% photon absorption by the group of Er lines at ~1530 nm in Er:YAG solid state laser gain media and in excess of 90% coupling efficiency with collimating microlenses. Highly effective thermal management will be developed using both optimized microchannel coolers and an innovative evaporative spray cooling system that will also be designed for scalability to support very high power 2D bar stacks (in excess of 500 W). We will build on our existing extremely reliable (>1E6 hours) InP-based low beam divergence pump laser platform that has already demonstrated 42 W CW operation from 1-cm arrays with nearly 34% conversion efficiency at maximum power. Arrays developed for this program will provide unprecedented performance for eye-safe diode-pumped SSLs as well as for direct diode use.

QUINTESSENCE PHOTONICS CORP. 15632 Roxford St. Sylmar, CA 91342
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 833-4664 Dr. Jeff Ungar ARMY 04-049 Awarded: 27DEC04
Title:	Spectrally Tailored High Efficiency Long Wave Pumps for Eye-Safe Solid-State Lasers
Abstract:	Diode arrays in the 1500 nm band are important pump sources for very low photon-energy-deficit pumping of eye-safe lasers. The power output, power efficiency and pump absorption of commercially offered arrays in this band are not as high as 800-1000 nm diodes. By using innovative laser array designs, we plan to develop diodes with output powers and conversion/absorption efficiencies as high as short-wave pump arrays.

AMSEN TECHNOLOGIES LLC 1684 South Research Loop, Suite 518 Tucson, AZ 85710
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 546-6944 Dr. Hongxing Hu ARMY 04-050 Awarded: 29DEC04
Title:	Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Multifunctional Power Generating Structures
Abstract:	This program aims to develop a novel nanotube-reinforced composite PEM for multifunctional power generating structures. The innovation in the present effort is to take advantage of our capability and make use of the superior mechanical properties of the nanotubes including large aspect ratios, high tensile strength, and low density, which may result in significant increase in the tensile modulus of the nanotube-reinforced composite PEM, while the transport properties of the composite membrane that are relevant to fuel cell performance may not to be significantly compromised. The outcome of the present effort may provide the needed product to the Army. Such products will also have a significant commercialization potential.

CERAMATEC, INC. 2425 South 900 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 978-2138 Mr. John Gordon ARMY 04-052 Awarded: 29DEC04
Title:	Sodium-Air Batteries Based on Sodium Super-Ionic Conducting Electrolyte
Abstract:	High energy density battery will be developed by combining metallic sodium anode with an air cathode. The proposed sodium-air battery is expected to dominate the performance of lithium-air battery. This battery technology is based on sodium conducting solid-electrolyte developed at Ceramatec Inc. The sodium conducting solid-electrolyte has conductivity in the range of 10-2 S/cm at ambient temperature and is expected to be chemically stable when in contact with sodium metal. The proposed electrolyte can be fabricated into a thin structure, which will significantly enhance the gravimetric and volumetric energy and power density characteristics of sodium-air batteries. The proposed batteries can potentially deliver energy densities exceeding 500 Wh/kg and cell voltages of 2.5 - 3.0 V with potentially high rate capability, charge retention, and shelf life characteristics required for military applications

EXCELLATRON 263 Decatur Street Atlanta, GA 30312
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 584-2475 Dr. Aishui Yu ARMY 04-052 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	ALL SOLID STATE LITHIUM AIR BATTERY
Abstract:	A novel approach is proposed for the development of safe lithium-air batteries that offer high-energy storage capacity and extended standby and operational life. The proposed battery will use a lithium anode, an air cathode having an air stable non-volatile electrolyte and a multilayer polymer electrolyte/glass electrolyte barrier to protect the lithium anode from direct reactions with water and oxygen from the atmosphere. Since there will be no volatile liquid electrolyte, safety performance of the lithium-air battery will be enhanced. The areas to be studied include the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte, as well as the interface between lithium metal and polymer electrolyte, and the moisture absorption behavior of the air electrode. In Phase II we will investigate the performance of the whole battery system and battery structure to produce an all solid state lithium oxygen battery.

BROOKHAVEN TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC. 12-12 Technology Drive Setauket, NY 11733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 941-9177 Dr. James Powell ARMY 04-053 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Controllable Direct Electrical Conversion of Isotopic Radiation
Abstract:	Radioisotopes and nuclear isomers are of special interest as energy storage devices because they have the potential to store energy with higher energy density and longer life than chemical and most other devices. If their energy can be released by excitation (triggering) by an external source, they can provide on-demand high power. Both nuclear isomers and radioactive isotopes release their energy at a specific rate by emission of gamma rays and/or charged particles. To use radioactive materials as high energy density devices for remote applications depends on having a means to capture and convert the energy to useful form such as direct voltaic, thermal voltaic, chemical or mechanical. Whether or not isomers can be triggered, it is useful to examine how isotope and isomer decay energy can be captured and converted to one of these forms. This research examines means to capture and convert decay energy from triggered isomers and ordinary radioisotope sources.

ECOPULSE PO Box 528, zip 22150, 7844 Vervain Ct Springfield, VA 22152
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 644-8419 Dr. Nino R. Pereira ARMY 04-053 Awarded: 21DEC04
Title:	Modeling devices based on Isotopic Radiation
Abstract:	We propose to construct a model for devices that use isomers as their energy source by adding the necessary information to Sandia's ITS code. The code can quantify the performance of advanced power sources if an analytical evaluation is insufficient.

SOHAR, INC. 5731 W. Slauson Ave, Suite 175 Culver City, CA 90230
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 338-0990 Dr. Herb Hecht ARMY 04-054 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Miniature Actuators for Small Arms Munition Control
Abstract:	A new method of actuating MEMS devices is proposed for attitude-control of small-arms munitions. This method is compatible with existing foundry tooling and offers the potential of commutating relatively small forces into larger ones, capable of steering a high speed bullet. The method is not sensitive to high-G environments and reacts nearly instantaneously. Active-guidance of a prototype munition, which employs this new actuator, is discussed as a means to demonstrate reproducible movement. The concept is refined through a feasibility analysis, test plan and risk assessment in detail during Phase I in preparation for Phase II prototyping. Zero modifications are required of the weapon system used to demonstrate the smart munition.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Ms. Karen A. Harper ARMY 04-055 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	SAMPLE-based Model for Intelligent Task performance by Human operators (SMITH)
Abstract:	The Army has engaged in a modeling and simulation effort to develop advanced technologies and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) supporting the transformation to the network-centric warfare (NCW) concept. These activities have culminated in the Modeling Architecture for Technology, Research, and Experimentation (MATREX), a fully distributed and service-based architecture encouraging the "plug-and-play" of individual models. Within the MATREX, the Command, Control, and Communications Grid (C3Grid) models operator behaviors using a behavior engine based on the Java Expert System Shell (JESS), and has been deemed insufficient to effectively model the expanding range of behaviors, due to its brittleness and lack of maintainability. We propose to develop an enhanced behavior engine for the MATREX by applying an overarching software architecture (based on our existing SAMPLE architecture) allowing for the integration of a range of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (fuzzy logic, Bayesian reasoning, genetic algorithms, etc.) to model decision-making more robustly and efficiently, with specific focus on enhanced usability. The SAMPLE-based Model of Intelligent Task performance by Human operators (SMITH) will be integrated into the MATREX with specific focus on its interactions with the C3Grid's C3 human performance model (C3HPM), providing an effective representation of both decision-making behavior and task performance.

DCS CORP. 1330 Braddock Place Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 237-4817 Mr. Paul Cerkez ARMY 04-055 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Command Decision Modeling in Distributed Combat Simulation
Abstract:	The rapid explosion in the volume and diversity of information circulating on the modern battlefield presents a huge challenge to the decision makers and warfighters who must plan and dynamically adapt to changing circumstances while assimilating new or changing information, often under conditions of time pressure, uncertainty, information overload and stress. There is also the corresponding challenge to those attempting to model the battlefield situation. In the past, humans in the loop have been required to successfully run the simulations. In constructive simulations, the challenge for battlefield modelers is in predicting accurate outcomes which rests on the ability of the model to portray the limits in information processing and decision making of the operators and decision makers. The MATREX simulation models attempt to fill this requirement at a very rudimentary level, primarily representing basic platform and aggregate behaviors. However, the models do not sufficiently represent human level complex decision processes and do not take into account how human workload in one model impacts performance in another. This Phase I proposal describes the approach DCS will take to study the existing methodologies to improve the representation of automated decision-making in combat simulations and its fidelity to human decision making in the same scenarios.

CAMBRIOS TECHNOLOGIES CORP. One Kendall Square, Building 700, 1st Floor Cambridge, MA 02139
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 551-4721 Dr. Christine Flynn ARMY 04-056 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Nanowires with Biologically Directed Composition and Placement
Abstract:	Cambrios Technologies Corp. proposes to develop methods for fabricating nanowires from a variety of materials (e.g., metallic, semiconducting, and magnetic) and directing the assembly of these nanowires into circuits and devices with nanometer scale precision. Nanowires will be fabricated using the peptide- and virus-directed synthesis techniques of Dr. Angela Belcher (Mao et al., 2004), which have been licensed by Cambrios. Peptides that have affinities towards various materials will be identified by phage display technology and incorporated into select coat proteins of the M13 bacteriophage, a virus of 800nm length and 6-10nm diameter, which will act as a scaffold for each nanowire design. The displayed peptides with various materials specificity will direct the nucleation and/or assembly of nanocrystal components into a composite nanowire, allowing nanowires of homogeneous or heterogenous compositions to be created. Genetic modification of the phage will enable phage lengths and geometries to be manipulated. Additionally, peptides will be displayed on certain locations of the virus with the function to recognize and bind to materials on circuit or device elements, thus directing the location and orientation of the nanowire. This approach, performed under aqueous and ambient conditions, provides an inexpensive and environmentally benign route for nanowire synthesis and placement.

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC. 44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 668-6823 Dr. Louis H. Strong ARMY 04-056 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Self-Assembled DNA: A Template for Constructing Electronic Devices
Abstract:	In order to increase the performance of electronic devices, much technical effort is being devoted towards shrinking the size of the individual components. However, it is uncertain whether the current pace of miniaturization may be continued since fundamental limits of the photolithographic technique are being reached. As an alternative to photolithography, the use of self-assembled biological molecules to template the formation of electrical components provides a means to construct devices with smaller feature sizes. Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. (RMD) proposes using DNA lattices to specifically template the formation of extremely small (< 20 nm diameter) conducting wires to precise locations. These wires will then be incorporated into an integrated semiconductor-based device which should have superior performance capabilities (i.e., speed) compared to existing devices due to the smaller dimensions.

APPLIED SPECTRA P.O. Box 5049 Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 945-7753 Dr. Jong Yoo ARMY 04-057 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Novel n-pulse Approach for LIBS Enhancement
Abstract:	Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been proven as a powerful analytical sensor technology for military and civilian applications. Attributes include real-time measurement response, no sample preparation, high sensitivity, and the ability to detect signatures from chem/bio agents, explosives, toxic compounds and other hazardous materials. Although the capabilities of LIBS have been demonstrated, the performance needs to be improved, especially for field applications. Revolutionary advances are needed to transition LIBS from the laboratory to the field. The basis of this SBIR proposal is to test a new paradigm for LIBS, by using high repetition-rate, low energy laser pulses to significantly extend the plasma lifetime. Importantly, this enhancement approach is all optical (there are no additional power supplies to support secondary plasmas) and gated detection will not be required. The Phase I effort will theoretically establish the enhancement concept, demonstrate and benchmark a test system, and produce design requirements (Phase I Option) for a new LIBS instrument (to be prototyped in Phase II). The Phase I effort will emphasize analysis of Al-based materials of military interest. Such a system will be of immediate use to the Army for applications in chem/bio agents, explosives and other hazardous materials.

ENVIMETRICS P.O. Box 6 Pluckemin, NJ 07978
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 256-5033 Dr. Greg Schmidt ARMY 04-057 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	LIBS Sensitivity Enhancement by Microwave Plasma Spectroscopy
Abstract:	Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a simple, rapid, real-time analytical technique based on the analysis of spectral emission from laser-induced micro plasmas. The Army is interested in deploying this technique in both a field portable instrument and on vehicular platforms (truck or plane) for remote sensing. Here we propose to enhance the sensitivity of LIBS by growing the LIBS micro plasma with microwaves. The resulting plasma will be larger and last significantly longer. The sensitivity should be enhanced by more than a factor of 1000. This plasma enhancement technique can be applied to both the configurations of field portable instruments and vehicular platforms. Phase I will demonstrate the enhancement technique in the laboratory and Phase II will produce a field portable instrument with enhanced sensitivity and a field test of the application for vehicular platforms.

MATERIALS PROCESSING, INC. 5069 Martin Luther King Freeway Fort Worth, TX 76119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(817) 492-4446 Dr. Animesh Bose ARMY 04-058 Selected for Award
Title:	Rifling of the Inner Diameter of Ceramic Tubes for Gun Barrel Applications
Abstract:	Silicon nitride based materials have extremely attractive property combination and is ideally suited for gun barrel applications (increased life and reduced weight). In spite of the attractive properties, its use in gun barrels have been limited due to the inability of current processing techniques to introduce rifling on the inner diameter of a silicon nitride tube of moderate length (100 mm or more) in a cost effective manner. The current project proposes a novel processing scheme that combines the attributes of silicon nitride and the complex shape forming ability of powder injection molding (PIM) to offer a technology that will produce ceramic gun barrels with the desired uniform rifling twist on the inner surface of the silicon nitride tube. Future work will develop an affordable technique for the fabrication of these gun barrels. The success in Phase I will result in a generic technology that will allow the affordable fabrication of complex shaped parts from lightweight, high strength, high toughness, wear and abrasion resistant, and high temperature resistant silicon nitride that will have numerous applications in both defense and commercial sector. The success will provide DoD with the technology to finally realize the elusive goal of manufacturing ceramic gun barrels.

NANOHMICS, INC. 6201 East Oltorf St., Suite 100 Austin, TX 78741
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 389-9990 Dr. Mike Durrett ARMY 04-058 Selected for Award
Title:	Laser Assisted Machining Applied to Rifling of Ceramic Barrels
Abstract:	Ceramic barrels have found little application as their extreme hardness make them quite brittle and difficult to machine. Grinding and diamond machining have found some success but both yield very low material removal rates and can induce defects. To address this problem Nanohmics Inc. and Dr. Y. C. Shin of Purdue University propose to apply the recently developed technique of laser assisted machining (LAM) coupled with a specially designed tooling system to develop a means of rifling ceramic barrels. In LAM a laser provides an intense localized heat source to the rotating workpiece just prior to the cutting region. The low thermal conductivity of ceramics allows excellent control of local temperatures (both in surface extent and in depth) and, for certain ceramics, leads to a reduction in strength in the heated regions and an increased machinability. Dr. Shin has been leading the commercial development of LAM and has pioneered processing methodologies for several different ceramic compounds1-3 (e.g. Si3N4, mullite and partially stabilized zirconia. In addition, Nanohmics personnel have extensive experience in specialized tooling applications and will apply this expertise to adapt the LAM process to the production of a cost effective method of rifling ceramic barrels.

DIVERSIFIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 35 Wiggins Ave. Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-9444 Dr. David Fink ARMY 04-059 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Macro-Fiber-Composite Power Module
Abstract:	Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) actuators, developed by NASA Langley Research Center, represent an enabling technology capable of meeting the ever increasing performance requirements for highly maneuverable, agile, and survivable rotorcraft. With these piezoelectric actuators, the shape of airfoils can be dynamically reconfigured to enhance the airfoil?�s aerodynamic performance. MFC actuators have been commercialized for small scale applications, however using this actuator for active blade control, requires significantly higher drive power than what is commercially available. The MFC power module proposed here will be scalable for capacitive loads up to several hundred microfarad and will be packaged to conform to the demanding constraints of the rotorcraft application (high efficiency, small size, low weight, high-g environment). Solid state switching power devices are used to produce the high voltage (1500 V), high fidelity actuator drive power from a low voltage (28V) DC power source.

OCEAN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CORP.(OSEC) 2141 Palomar Airport Road, Suite 200 Carlsbad, CA 92009
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 260-8515 Mr. BILL CALDERWOOD ARMY 04-060 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES (IED) NEUTRALIZATION AND DETECTION (INDET)
Abstract:	Ocean Systems Engineering Corporation (OSEC) proposes to develop Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Neutralization and Detection (INDET) for ground forces protection against remotely controlled improvised explosive devices (IED) and related insurgent/terrorist explosive threats. IED's have become an extremely significant and dangerous force protection issue in the wake of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Insurgents and terrorists are using a variety of asymmetric techniques to attack militarily superior coalition forces with military ordnance components combined with commercial off the shelf explosives, electronics, and digital subsystems. OSEC proposes the INDET SBIR to integrate and package existing technologies for use in military vehicles to protect US/Coalition forces. (1) INDET will provide early warning of the possible presence of IEDs by using IR (Infrared) laser technologies to seek out explosives (2) INDET will neutralize (detonate) remotely controlled IEDs by replicating the coded radio frequency transmissions from garage door openers, car alarms, etc. that the adversary uses to control the IEDs, exploding the devices before the arrival of their intended target. (3) INDET will neutralize (detonate or dud) IEDs through the use of tailored high power electromagnetic (EM) energy directed at the IED . (4) INDET will prevent the hostile remote triggering of remotely controlled IEDs through the use of tailored barrage jamming. In order to support rapid development and fielding at reduced cost, INDET will leverage existing electronic warfare components that were developed and operationally proven to be extremely effective in countering IEDs, but have not previously been integrated into ground based military vehicles. Such existing components will include both classified hardware and classified software algorithms designed specifically for electronic attack of IEDs. Also, INDET will leverage existing technologies for detection of organic molecules in miniscule concentrations (see references 6 through 9). The initial planning for the integration, adaptation and packaging of these technologies will be conducted for use in military vehicles. INDET will measurably improve own force protection, providing a cost effective organic escort capability independent of supporting theater and national assets. Our unique understanding of IR Spectroscopy, EM transmission systems, capabilities, EAJ techniques, intelligence sources/methods and tactical integration provide OSEC the capability to develop INDET into the vital force protection capability needed on today's multi-faceted battlefield.

IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 200 Canal View Blvd, 3rd Floor Rochester, NY 14623
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(585) 424-1990 Dr. Jianhua Ge ARMY 04-061 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	A Stochastic Pursuit-Evasion Differential Game for Autonomous Vehicles
Abstract:	Impact Technologies, in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology, proposes the development of stochastic pursuit-evasion differential games with multi-pursuers and multi-evaders. Specifically, this project will consist of 1) Development of multi-pursuit and multi-evader game scenarios; 2) Problem formulation for the proposed stochastic differential pursuit-evasion games; 3) Establishment of the existence of Nash-type equilibrium for the value of the differential games; 4) Solution generation for the boundary value problem based on the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation of pursuit-evasion differential games with state constraints; and 5) Design tool demonstration of the developed technology.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5238 Dr. Chiman Kwan ARMY 04-061 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Novel Approaches to Stochastic Pursuit-Evasion Differential Games with multiple players
Abstract:	We propose to systemically explore differential pursuit-evasion games with multiple pursuers and evaders in continuous time and in random environment. We start with the simplest case with the assumptions of perfect information and common knowledge. The approach is a direct extension of Isaacs's method for differential games with a single pursuer and evader, where the concept of saddle point solutions is extended. Second, the assumption of perfect information is relaxed to that of complete observability. To simplify the theoretical analysis, a transformation of the objective function is considered such that the linear quadratic dynamic game theory can be applied directly. Asymptotic Nash equilibrium solutions can be easily determined in this case. Third, the assumptions of observability and common knowledge are further relaxed, the learning theory in games is proposed. In this case, a larger set of self-confirming equilibrium solutions is used to instead of Nash equilibrium. Fourth, for the situation that players cannot predict others' strategies, a decentralized objective function is constructed for each pursuer, and the maxmin strategy is proposed. The coordination control is achieved by using maximal Nash equilibrium solution among those distributed pursuers. Finally, a general nonlinear filter is proposed for each pursuer to estimate the observable state variables in noisy environment.

NANOSCALE MATERIALS, INC. 1310 Research Park Drive Manhattan, KS 66502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(785) 537-0179 Dr. Slawomir Winecki ARMY 04-062 Awarded: 23NOV04
Title:	NanoScale Oxide-base Solid Sorbent Trap for the Safe Handling of Chemical Contaminated Materials
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project focuses on the development and implementation of a nanoparticle metal-oxide based collection, neutralization, and preservation of battlefield materials and evidence of a chemical and/or biological agent. The key component of the proposed system will be a solid sorbent material, based on NanoScale's proprietary FAST-ACT formulation comprising on nanocrystalline metal oxides. Hazards posed to field and laboratory personnel will be mitigated by chemical neutralization of the toxic agents ensured by the high reactivity the FAST-ACT formulation. Decomposition of the chemical threat, immediately after sample collection, will differentiate the NanoScale system from other systems of this type. The neutralization mechanism will allow for unambiguous identification of the collected agent, by detection of reaction byproducts and characteristic chemical signatures, left on the sorbent material. The proposed system will be compatible with a broad range of chemical agents, including chemical warfare agents, lung damaging agents, as well as various toxic industrial chemicals. Sampling of various materials will be allowed including solids, liquids, and gases/vapors collected from surfaces, air, or water. Using metal oxides as sorbent materials will allow for the employment of a variety of analytical techniques to identify chemical agents present at the collection site.

CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC. 6611 Dumbarton Circle Fremont, CA 94555
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(314) 963-0942 Dr. Gregory P. Schneider ARMY 04-063 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Identification and Characterization of Molecular Inhibitors of Cognitive Performance
Abstract:	We will use Proteinchipc Arrays with Surface-Enhanced-Laser-Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to obtain a large-scale profiling of the proteins whose brain expression is affected by sleep loss. ProteinChipc Arrays have been developed and marketed by Ciphergen Biosystems Inc., the "small business" in this proposal. The study will be conducted in fruit flies, rats and migratory sparrows, and sleep recordings and sleep deprivation experiments will be performed in the laboratory of Dr. Chiara Cirelli (University of Wisconsin - Madison), the "academic partner" in this proposal. Rats will be studied after acute and chronic sleep deprivation and sleep restriction, to mimic the different battlefield situations. Both wild-type flies, which show a cognitive deficit after sleep deprivation, and sleep-deprivation resistant mutant flies, which do not, will be studied. Both sparrows during the migratory season (when sustained sleep loss does not cause cognitive impairment) and during the nonmigratory season (when even acute sleep loss does) will be studied. The ability to profile gene expression in the brain of 3 different species, and the use of genetic and natural models of resilience to the negative effects of sleep loss will significantly increase the chance of identifying the best molecular markers of cognitive performance.

NUNETIX, INC. 2205 Tech Drive Evanston, IL 60208
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 491-2865 Dr. Bernard Bergmann ARMY 04-063 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Identification and Characterization of Molecular Inhibitors of Cognitive Performance
Abstract:	Addressing the issue of cognitive performance in the battlefield necessitates addressing the issue of sleep. Mounting evidence suggests that sleep deprivation impairs cognitive function by disrupting gene expression within the hippocampus. Our approach to cognitive enhancement of brain function under sleep deprivation will take advantage of the Clock mutant model that retains cognitive performance on spatial learning and memory tests despite reduced need for sleep. We propose that this Clock mutant exhibits resistance to the damaging effects of inadequate sleep on cognitive function. The question we will address is: how does the Clock gene, specifically, and sleep loss, in general, influence the anatomic substrates of learning and memory at the molecular/genetic level? Our technical objectives are to: 1) identify hippocampal gene expression changes during sleep in wild-type and Clock mutant with the latter having preserved memory function despite reduced sleep time, and 2) identify hippocampal gene expression changes during sleep deprivation in wild-type and circadian mutant Clock. We will identify pathways critical to cognitive performance through genome-wide comparisons of hippocampal gene expression. The comparison of transcriptional profiles from animals with resistance to sleep loss will enable us to identify unique molecular pathways critical to the preservation of cognitive function.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Mr. Sid Kudige ARMY 04-064 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Denial-of-Service (DoS) Defenses for Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract:	The US Army has identified the need for intrusion-resistant and survivable ad hoc networks for tactical mobile environments. Architecture Technology Corporation (ATC) brings over 6 years of directly related technology development experience in the areas of ad hoc networks, intrusion tolerance, and network survivability and a proven track record delivering high quality products on these R&D efforts to address the needs of this SBIR effort. ATC will leverage its proven expertise in designing and building intrusion tolerance techniques for mobile wireless networks to develop DoS Defenses for Ad Hoc Networks (DDAN), a collection of survivability enhancements for ad hoc routers that will protect the network from denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The objective of this effort is to establish the feasibility of the DDAN approach in Phase I. The follow-on Phase II effort will then implement a prototype of DDAN mechanisms that will be integrated within an AODV-based ad hoc router.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5242 Mr. Roger Xu ARMY 04-064 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Agent Based Distributed and Cooperative Intrusion Detection for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract:	In this proposal, Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI) and its consultant, Dr. Wenke Lee, propose to develop an intelligent agent-based distributed and cooperative anomaly and fault monitoring architecture for mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). In our proposed architecture, an anomaly and fault detection agent runs at each "monitoring" node and performs local data collection and local detection. Once an anomaly or fault is detected by a local "monitoring" agent, it collaborates with neighboring "monitoring" agents to perform cooperative detection, to investigate the source of the anomaly or fault, and to take cooperative response actions. We will develop an adaptive learning-based approach for building anomaly and fault detection models, which can be applied to both local and cooperative detection. RIPPER and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) will be used to detect intrusions and faults in MANET. The multi-agent cooperative monitoring and communication architecture will be designed based on IAI's novel Cybele agent infrastructure. The key innovations of the proposed architecture include: 1) dynamical and flexible configuration based on the agent technology; 2) the learning-based detection framework is able to detect new attacks or fautls; 3) low false alarm rate by using a cooperative detection engine; 4) excellent classification performance of RIPPER and SVMs, etc.

WW TECHNOLOGY GROUP 4519 Mustering Drum Ellicott City, MD 21042
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 418-4353 Dr. Chris J Walter ARMY 04-064 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Mobile Ad Hoc Network Fault Management
Abstract:	WW Technology Group, with expertise in dependable systems, routing technologies and network management will clarify approaches and methodologies to manage next generation mobile ad hoc networks. Our solution to this problem includes several perspectives: (a) Characterization of use cases. Many services that can be provided by the mobile ad-hoc networks. One challenge in network management applications is the concise representation of the operating status of the services as assets in the communication networks. We anticipate that several views may be required dependent on the specific mission of the user. (b) A catalog of initial faults that can threaten the delivery of services. The characterization of the fault classes provides a framework for the identification of fault/error detection services. (c) Mechanisms to uncover both the root causes of faults (fundamental errors) and correlate the faults to the various services being carried by the transport and processing mechanisms under stress. As appropriate, we will identify those elements of our reliable platform that can be employed to identify and characterize faults. The realization of these capabilities includes distributed processing techniques and network management fusion services. Application advances will be employed on both the network elements and centralized management system.

IPITEK 2330 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 438-1010 Dr. De Yu Zang ARMY 04-065 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Innovative Hosts for Bacteriorhodopsin-Based Optical Memory
Abstract:	IPITEK, together with Professor Lanyl's group at University Of California, Irvine (UCI) propose to develop novel DNA-based, cross linkable polymers as biobased membrane films to host bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and newly discovered proteorhodopsin (PR), aimed at improving stability and operation speed of rhodopsin-based optical and bioelectronic devices. These new DNA-based polymers based on salmon sperm have shown very good optical and stability properties, and are successful hosts for electrooptic chromophores. Improvements will focus on immobiliztion of photosensitive BR material by use of cross-linkers, lipids, and other additions to the matrix. Our proposed Phase I effort focuses on DNA-based polymer host membrane stability and as well as improved BR and PR materials aimed at optimal operation in bionanotechnological devices. Phase II effort will utilize that information to develop, produce, and characterize stable and efficient BR/PR films for use in application environments determined in collaboration with Army scientists. Another potential Phase II effort is to exploit BR crystals for nano-scale optical memory applications. These crystals contain BR that is oriented uniformly such that the directionality of an optical response is not averaged out by random arrangement, a drawback in films. With appropriate scaling these BR crystals are ideal for nano-scale optical memory applications.

SIMPSON WEATHER ASSOC., INC. 809 E. Jefferson Street Charlottesville, VA 22902
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 979-3571 Dr. George D. Emmitt ARMY 04-066 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Airborne Doppler lidar analyses and adaptive targeting system (ADLAATS)
Abstract:	The primary Phase I technical objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of converting an existing set of functional code meant for post-flight processing and visualization of airborne DWL data into a form that better meets the timeliness and data volume requirements associated with on-board data processing and data transmission for use by the Army's IMETS models and tactical decision aides. These real-time wind and aerosol data represent a major new input to the support network for the US Army's Objective Force. During Phase I we will conduct a proof-of- concept demonstration of a software package (ADLAATS: Airborne Doppler Lidar Analyses and Adaptive Targeting System) that will process raw DWL data in real-time (onboard aircraft) and provide derived products (wind components, aerosol backscatter and the variability of both the winds and aerosols) that can be displayed and/or transmitted to a ground station in a timely fashion. Additional information on the depth of the PBL, identification of anomalies in aerosol backscatter or winds, enabled adaptive selection of scan patterns and enabled adaptive space/time data averaging will be included. We will also develop plans for Phase II field tests of ADLAATS and numerical model impact evaluations.

CERMET, INC. 1019 Collier Road, Suite C1 Atlanta, GA 30318
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 351-0005 Mr. Jeff E. Nause ARMY 04-068 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	ZnO Based Light Emitters for UV/Blue Applications
Abstract:	The goal of this effort is to grow n and p ZnO thin films by MOCVD on ZnO substrates. The primary objective of this phase I effort will be to grow p-n homojucntion and characterize the LED structure. Bandgap of ZnO will be engineered and heterojunction quantum wells will be grown. The grown device structures will be characterized for structure and quality by X-ray, PL and electron microscopy, The electrical and optical properties will be analyzed through temperature dependent Hall, I-V measurements and EL

SVT ASSOC., INC. 7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 934-2100 Dr. Andrei Osinsky ARMY 04-068 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	ZnO Based Light Emitters for UV/Blue Applications
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR project addresses the development of novel solid state Zinc Oxide-based light emitting device. These devices will find widespread application in civilian and military markets. The objective of the Phase I effort is to explore CdZnO/ZnO material system for UV emitters. SVT Associates will be utilizing innovative approaches for material epitaxial growth p-type doping and device design. The emphases will be made on attaining stable processes for homo and heteroepitaxy of p-type materials. We expect that at the end of Phase I program a prototype light emitting device will be available.

ZN TECHNOLOGY, INC. 910 Columbia Street Brea, CA 92821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 989-8881 Mr. Gene Cantwell ARMY 04-068 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	ZnO UV Light Emitters on High Quality ZnO
Abstract:	ZnO has many inherent advantages over current materials used to fabricate UV LEDs and lasers in that it is a more efficient light emitter, has better radiation hardness, and can easily be fabricated in bulk single crystals. Uniquely, this project will utilize the high purity, 2-inch diameter ZnO single crystals developed by ZN Technology as substrates on which to epitaxially grow ZnO pn junction LEDs using molecular beam epitaxy. The use of nanotips to increase the light output of the ZnO LED will also be investigated. In the option phase ZnMgO/ZnO heterostructures will be developed as a component of an LED with even higher efficiency. Also in the option phase, growth of LEDs and lasers on other orientations of single crystal ZnO substrates will be investigated as avenues for other devices and improved performance.

LYNNTECH, INC. 7607 Eastmark Drive, Suite 102 College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 693-0017 Dr. Alan Cisar ARMY 04-069 Awarded: 23NOV04
Title:	Direct Ammonia-Borane Alkaline Fuel Cell with In Situ Electrolyte Replacement
Abstract:	The rapidly increasing power requirements of the objective force warrior's detection and communication equipment requires the development of advanced power sources beyond that of current battery technology. Soldiers bear the physical and logistical burden of carrying many pounds of batteries into missions. The development of novel high energy density personal power supplies can alleviate this burden for extended missions. Fuel cell power supplies are promising candidates to fulfill this role. The hazards of compressed hydrogen make the use of a high energy condensed phase fuel favorable. Methanol has been studied as a fuel, but anode activation and crossover problems are proving extremely difficult to overcome. Sodium borohydride, ammonia, and ammonia-borane complexes are high energy fuels, but are very difficult to use with PEM based fuel cells because of cation poisoning problems. However, cation poisoning is not an issue with alkaline fuel cells, so they present a highly promising alternative. Ammonia-borane has the advantage of being a stable room temperature solid that forms stable solutions in water. Lynntech proposes a direct ammonia-borane alkaline fuel cell power supply to meet the portable power needs of the Army. Lynntech has novel electrolyte matrix materials that permit in-situ electrolyte replacement.

MICROCELL TECHNOLOGIES 410 Great Road, Suite C-2 Littleton, MA 01460
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 952-6947 Dr. Michael C. Kimble ARMY 04-069 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	Compact Alkaline Fuel Cell System
Abstract:	Compact power sources are desired by the military for soldier applications that have improved energy capacities over 1000 W-hr/kg, a level that cannot be met by today's state-of-the-art batteries. Consequently, fuel cell power systems coupled with liquid fuel storage options such as methanol are being developed to produce 20 W for these soldier applications. Little attention has been paid to using alkaline fuel cell technology for these applications with the preferred approach being variants of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. However, recent development work in alkaline fuel cell technology at MicroCell Technologies has shown that a compact alkaline fuel cell power system is feasible that can operate directly with methanol fuel. With an operational goal of 72 hours over a two week period, our alkaline fuel cell system may produce 20 watts with an energy capacity greater than 1000 W-hr/kg in a compact system. During the Phase I program, we will demonstrate the fundamental operation of methanol and air in an alkaline fuel cell system along with a compact system design. Performance evaluations will be conducted to demonstrate the compatibility of methanol with the alkaline system for a two-week mission duration.

PROTONEX TECHNOLOGY CORP. 153 Northboro Road Southborough, MA 01772
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 490-9960 Dr. Mohammad Enayetullah ARMY 04-069 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Compact 20 Watt Alkaline Electrolyte DMFC System
Abstract:	Protonex proposes to develop a methanol fueled alkaline fuel cell (AFC) stack and corresponding system that can supply 20Watts for a period up to three days. During the proposed effort, the team of Protonex Technology and ICET, Inc. will jointly develop an alkaline electrolyte based Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). The proposed effort will allow the development of cost effective, manufacturable DMFC; alkaline DMFCs, unlike their acid counterparts, do not require MEAs, presently the most costly and complex stack component. Phase I tasks include alkaline/MeOH electrode design/development (ICET) and alkaline DMFC stack development/manufacturing (Protonex). Phase II work will be dedicated to development of a completely functional pre-commercial 20 Watt alkaline DMFC system designed specifically for the U.S. Army's application. The project team is highly qualified to develop the proposed system. Protonex is the leader in development of small (10 to 1000Watt) H2/Air fuel cell stacks and corresponding systems. Specifically, Protonex has developed H2/Air stacks and systems that are best in class in terms of weight, volume and cost. ICET has considerable fuel cell expertise, including electrode fabrication and testing, catalyst development/preparation (for methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen MeOH tolerant reduction catalysts) and macrocyclic catalyst discovery/synthesis.

REVEO, INC. 85 Executive Blvd Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 798-3724 Mr. Lin-Feng Li ARMY 04-069 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	Compact Alkaline Fuel Cell System
Abstract:	The Army has a strong need for a very high-energy density (> 1000 WH/kg), lightweight power source for communications and other advanced electronic devices. The possible solution is replacing the battery with a hydrogen based proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. However, hydrogen storage and handling is a problem. Direct oxidation fuel cell (DOFC) with a PEM is quite attractive alternative. However, due to slow reduction and oxidation kinetics in the acidic media and fuel crossover issue, those systems have not reached their full potentials. It is well known that electrochemical oxidation of fuel and electrochemical reductions of oxygen are kinetically more favorable in an alkaline media at low temperature (T < 100oC). Furthermore, alkaline electrolyte offers the best prospects for using non-noble metal as the catalyst. So an alkaline electrolyte based direct oxidation fuel cell might provide a promising route toward the compact, high specific energy power sources. Based on our extensive experience in the field of metal air fuel technology, we have come up with several innovative solutions. The objective of this proposal is well aligned with the program objectives, to design, construct and evaluate a portable AFC.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Russell Kurtz ARMY 04-070 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Standoff LIBS Element Detection Sensor
Abstract:	Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is becoming the method of choice for detection of chemical and biological agents, but has yet to make the transition from a laboratory tool to a UGV-mountable system. Therefore, to address the Army need for a portable, UGV-mountable integrated LIBS sensor with 100 m standoff capability, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new standoff LIBS Element Detection Sensor (SLEDS) system. This system is based on a combination of an innovative short-pulse laser system, advanced nonimaging collection optics, and a modification of the unique POC MIMS spectral analysis system. The SLEDS will feature high resolution in multiple simultaneous bands selected by the design, enabling it to rapidly and accurately detect and classify chemicals in the field. The SLEDS system will be rugged, compact lightweight, energy-efficient, and affordable. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of SLEDS by a combination of computer analysis and a proof-of-concept prototype. In Phase II POC plans to optimize the SLEDS for the specific needs of the U.S. Army, including fabrication of an engineering test prototype for delivery to the Army Research Laboratory.

SPECTRAL IMAGING LABORATORY 1785 Locust St. #10 Pasadena, CA 91106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 578-0626 Dr. Francis Reininger ARMY 04-070 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Sensitivity Standoff LIBS Technology
Abstract:	The U.S. Army has the need for a compact, laser-induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS) capable of standoff detection from a range of 100 meters. In a LIBS system, the laser fires at a target to create a micro-plasma emission of radiation that can be analyzed by its spectrometer. The LIBS technique has been used extensively to quantify contaminants in metal alloys, paints, and soils. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been testing LIBS for the detection of chemical warfare agents, bacterial spores, molds, pollens, and proteins. Commercially available LIBS systems use multiple grating spectrometers to reveal the elemental composition of the target from its 0.2 - 1 micron wavelength emission signature. The Spectral Imaging Laboratory (SPILAB) proposes the development of a lower cost system based on a single, high throughput optical module that can also be used for long range, open-path LIBS detection. During Phase 1 SPILAB will design the new optical module, build a novel open-path beam delivery/collection system, and test it with various lasers.

AGAVE BIOSYSTEMS, INC. P.O. Box 80010 Austin, TX 78708
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 272-0002 Dr. Theresa Curtis ARMY 04-071 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	ECIS Wound Healing High-Throughput Assay
Abstract:	Healing of a wound is a complex and protracted process of tissue repair and remodeling in response to injury. Understanding how the body repairs damaged tissue and what genes and biochemical factors influence the wound healing process will have tremendous impact on the treatment of chronic wounds and the regeneration of tissue and organ function after injury. To facilitate the discovery of genes and compounds that are involved in wound healing, Agave BioSystems will develop an in vitro cell based system that will allow high-throughput analysis of genes and chemical compounds that may have a therapeutic affect in wound healing. This high-throughput, in vitro, wound healing assay will utilize small interfering RNA to specifically interfere with the function of genes of interest and Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) to non-invasively monitor the kinetics of fibroblast and epithelial wound healing.

BIOMEDICAL STRATEGIES LLC 2450 Azure Coast Drive La Jolla, CA 92037
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 643-9302 Dr. Frederick Cahn ARMY 04-071 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Repair, Regeneration, and Differentiation in Humans
Abstract:	We wish to develop a mouse model of wound healing that is based in part on recent advances in genetic analysis, such as genome maps and oligonucleotide arrays for analyzing gene expression, as well as on mouse strains having mutants that over or under-express molecules that have been shown to be important in wound healing. The power of our approach is that it combines these genetic tools with a clinically proven "artificial skin" technology of Yannas and Burke that enables scarless tissue regeneration of the dermis in full thickness skin wounds. By developing a mouse model of the healing of dermal wounds by artificial skin we will be able to analyze and compare dermal tissue repair (scar formation) vs. dermal regeneration in detail. This information can help us develop improved medical devices not only for tissue regeneration of skin, but also other organs, especially nervous tissue. Our objective is to gain a molecular understanding of tissue regeneration that can enable us to improve existing skin and nerve regeneration medical devices and to extend tissue regeneration to other important tissues.

MOLECULAR EXPRESS, INC. 13310 SOUTH FIGUEROA STREET LOS ANGELES, CA 90061
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 538-9534 Dr. Gary Fujii ARMY 04-071 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Repair, Regeneration, and Differentiation in Humans
Abstract:	Although improvements in body armor have had a significant impact on reducing mortality in soldiers, ballistic damage to appendages such as arms and legs often results in loss of function or loss of the entire limb, leading to significant reductions in warfighter capability, and an increased medical logistics burden. At present, the ability to restore appendages or organ function in humans is marginal. However, the fact that many vertebrate organisms can regenerate developing limb buds and that humans can regenerate the tips of their fingers suggest that the genetic capacity for regeneration is present but "turned off" in adult humans. Consequently, a genetic and biochemical understanding of how regeneration occurs in an adult salamander could lead to insights as to how to "turn on" the latent regeneration cascade in humans, hence, leading to significant new therapies for battlefield wounds. This SBIR application proposes to address the general problem of tissue repair and regeneration in mammals by using the Urodele salamander's ability to grow an ectopic limb as an assay to rapidly screen different factors for regenerative activity. We believe that the development and use of this assay will eventually lead to the discovery and development of strategies for promoting the scarless healing of wounds and even the regeneration of severely damaged limbs.

SYNTHASOME, INC. 3030 Bunker Hill, Suite 308 San Diego, CA 92109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 490-9401 Dr. Anthony Ratcliffe ARMY 04-071 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Assay System for Cartilage and Bone Regeneration
Abstract:	A model system that can replicate features in cartilage and bone embryonic development will provide a critical tool for determining pathways for tissue regeneration. The objective of this Phase I application is to establish a 3D culture containing human MSCs expressing a chondrogenic or osteogenic phenotype, as a mechanically functional model system for the assessment of agents and growth conditions that can induce cartilage and bone formation, with appropriate molecular, cellular and tissue outcome measures. In order to achieve this objective the following Specific Aims will be performed. Specific Aim 1: Demonstrate the formation of cartilage and bone extracellular matrix using a 3D hydrogel-scaffold assembled composite seeded with MSCs, and cultured in the presence and absence of chondrogenic or osteogenic culture conditions using a factoral design of experiment (DOE). Specific Aim 2: Demonstrate the use of this construct system in a multi-well format. Successful implementation of this Phase I SBIR project will result in proof of concept for a new model system that can be used to assess the molecular and cellular activities during cartilage and bone regeneration in vitro.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Scott Shald ARMY 04-072 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Low-Cost Portable Lidar Wind Profiler
Abstract:	The Army requires accurate sensing of low-level winds in order to accurately predict the dispersion of chemical or biological agents. Currently, towers equipped with multiple in-situ sensors are used for this measurement, but such towers are expensive and difficult to move, and it may not be possible to erect them in urban areas. Coherent Technologies, Inc. (CTI) proposes to solve this problem with a ground based, remote sensing, eye-safe wind lidar, providing 3D range-resolved wind measurements with accuracy and update time matching in-situ sensors. The sensor provides 10 m range resolution at 10 Hz from 10 m up to at least 100 m range, with component wind accuracy on the 10 cm/s level. The proposed sensor draws from CTI's extensive experience in remote wind sensing, providing a compact, mobile, inexpensive, low-risk solution. The Phase I effort will analyze potential sensor configurations and identify the optimal approach, based upon cost, complexity, and performance. The culmination of the Phase I effort will be a preliminary sensor design. The Phase II effort will develop, test, and demonstrate the prototype sensor based upon the Phase I design.

SOUTHWEST SCIENCES, INC. 1570 Pacheco Street, Suite E-11 Santa Fe, NM 87505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 272-1323 Dr. David Christian Hovde ARMY 04-072 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Imaging Lidar for Profiling the Atmospheric Surface Layer
Abstract:	This SBIR project will investigate a coherent imaging lidar system for measuring 3D wind fields using commercial off-the-shelf components. The system is designed to achieve high spatial resolution, enabling the measurement of eddy structures important in turbulent transport. The Phase I research will model the system to determine the conditions necessary to achieve accurate wind speed measurements and demonstrate the approach with laboratory measurements.

CHEMMOTIF, INC. 60 Thoreau Street, Suite 211 Concord, MA 01742
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 376-9911 Dr. Mark T. Spitler ARMY 04-073 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Visual Stoichiometry Breaking in Linear Response Chemical Test Strips
Abstract:	In this phase I SBIR contract novel methods will be developed to enhance the perception by the human eye of signal change in color change test strips that detect chemicals, contaminants, and hazardous materials. Modern concepts of human vision and digital imaging will be combined to create readout images on the test strips so that the user obtains sharp and unambiguous signals from exposed strips. Demonstrations of this technology will be made on different color change test strips that are of importance to first responder community and military personnel exposed to chemical warfare agents and other hazardous materials.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. 34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 538-0444 Dr. Robert M. McKillip, Jr. ARMY 04-075 Awarded: 11DEC04
Title:	A Hybrid Optical/GPS System for UAV Formation Flight Control
Abstract:	UAV operations in known icing conditions present a problem whose solution critically depends upon their flight testing in artificial icing environments. Unfortunately, instrumentation, control, and operational procedures have yet to be developed to support this testing behind manned aircraft, such as the U.S. Army CH-47 Helicopter Icing Spray System (HISS), that may produce the artificial icing cloud. The proposed work leverages a high-fidelity flight simulation tool to support the design and development of a sensor and controller package to enable this capability. The hybrid system combines both GPS guidance and optical detection of the UAV in trail flight to ensure that the UAV maintains a tightly controlled position within the icing spray cloud, while executing safe ingress and egress flight profiles as it approaches and departs the area of the CH-47 HISS aircraft. Phase I will provide risk reduction of the hybrid approach through tradeoff studies, comprehensive simulations, and benchtop tests. The simulation environment will leverage considerable CDI experience in highly accurate flowfield predictions around helicopter and fixed wing platforms, and will be used in a real-time evaluation of various control schemes for validation of the general system approach. Phase II will demonstrate the system on a small UAV platform.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Bogdan R. Cosofret ARMY 04-076 Awarded: 27DEC04
Title:	Imaging Sensor Constellation for Tomographic Chemical Plume Mapping
Abstract:	In this proposal, Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) outlines the development of an imaging system which passively tracks and quantifies chemical clouds via computed tomography. The system proposed by PSI will be capable of imaging in the 8-11 micron region with a spectral resolution of 8-10 cm^-1, and an NESR of 1-2 �W cm^-2 sr^-1 �m^-1. The system will be capable of detecting the chemical cloud from a standoff distance of 1.5 km, and to beyond 300 m downwind of the plume release point with a spatial resolution of 6 meters per pixel. The estimated lower limit for column density detection is dependent on the temperature differential between the chemical cloud and background of the scene, as well as the absorption coefficient of the chemical species being detected. For a chemical species such as TEP, the proposed sensor will be able to detect as low as 230 mg/m^2 column density in conditions where the temperature differential between chemical cloud and background is as low as 3 K. Column density measurements from two or more sensors will be fed into the PSI tomographic algorithm for generation of the three dimensional density distribution of the chemical cloud across the field of view.

SENTIENT CORP. 850 Energy Drive, Suite 307 Idaho Falls, ID 83401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(208) 522-8560 Mr. Sean Marble ARMY 04-077 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Prognostic Wear Prediction Tool for BlackHawk Hanger Bearings
Abstract:	Hanger bearing failures occur unexpectedly and have resulted in loss of aircraft and life in both military and civilian rotorcraft. New Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) that are currently being demonstrated on the UH-60 include sensing capabilities that offer the potential to diagnose and predict hanger bearing problems with sufficient lead time to prevent catastrophic failure. However, diagnostic algorithms and fault progression models that address the specific failure modes observed in hanger bearings, such as lubricant depletion and thermal runaway, are still needed to provide an effective prognostic capability. Sentient Corporation will leverage directly related prior work to develop an accurate and effective prognostic capability for the UH-60 hanger bearing application and will integrate that capability into the Goodrich open architecture HUMS. State-of-the-art sensing and diagnostic capabilities will be combined with Sentient's proven model of bearing wear/fatigue and new models that address lubrication and thermal effects unique to this application. In-house bearing tests will provide ample development and validation data. Sentient's extensive prior research in this area will reduce technical risk and enable greater progress than would otherwise be possible during Phase I, and collaboration with Goodrich Aerospace will ensure a successful HUMS integration in Phases II and III.

ANACAPA SCIENCES, INC. 301 East Carrillo Street 2FL, P. O. Box 519 Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 966-6157 Dr. Steven P. Rogers ARMY 04-078 Awarded: 06DEC04
Title:	Obstacle Display for Hover in Degraded Visual Environments
Abstract:	The objective of this topic is to design a Rotorcraft Obstacle Avoidance Display (ROAD) for hover in degraded visual environments clearly showing the spatial relationships between the aircraft and potentially dangerous terrain and other obstacles. The ROAD will provide pilots with an easily understood display of obstacles 360 degrees around the aircraft and provide auditory or tactile alerts to the cue the pilot to the most immediate threats. The pilot interface design concepts to be developed will ensure that the ROAD is useful during approach-to-landing, hover, landing, and take-off maneuvers. Expert Army and civilian pilots will participate in structured interviews regarding required obstacle avoidance display system properties while performing confined area maneuvers at night in a rotorcraft flight simulator. The results of the studies and pilot comments will be analyzed and summarized preparatory to full-scale simulator-based experiments to be conducted in Phase II

ARM AUTOMATION, INC. 14141 West Hwy 290, Suite 700 Austin, TX 78737
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 894-3534 Dr. Joseph Geisinger ARMY 04-079 Selected for Award
Title:	Electromechanical Actuator Controller Technology
Abstract:	Recent advances in available electromechanical actuator (EMA) technology have created the opportunity to replace many hydraulic actuation systems on board aerial vehicles with advantageous "all-electric" flight control systems. This replacement of hydraulics with electrics offers the potential for life-cycle cost savings, performance enhancement and reductions in the maintenance efforts aboard US Army aerial systems. This proposal outlines the adaptation of a novel form of industrial EMA controller technology for use in the demanding application of rotorcraft flight control systems. This proposed effort leverages the latest advances in electro-mechanical componentry and makes use of the proposing party's significant design experience in embedded electronics for demanding applications and technology base in the area of all-electric actuation systems.

TOUCHSTONE RESEARCH LABORATORY, LTD. The Millennium Centre, R.R. 1, Box 100B Triadelphia, WV 26059
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(304) 547-5800 Mr. Randy Handley ARMY 04-080 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Carbon Foam for CREST Combat
Abstract:	The Army has a need to identify, develop, test, and validate an electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression technology and associated implementation processes that, when applied to U.S. Army combat helicopter avionics equipment modifications or upgrades, eliminate or drastically reduce the need to re-conduct electromagnetic/electronic environmental effects (E3) testing. This effort will identify and develop EMI performance and cost enhancements through the analysis, design, and demonstrations of an advanced EMI material. EMI, structural and thermal management properties will be evaluated and presented for the highest payoff, near-term insertion of advanced EMI technologies into desired system requirements of the Army. Touchstone Research Laboratory has a carbon foam material called "CFOAMr", which is inexpensive, lightweight, easily machined, and fire- and corrosion-resistant. Once carbonized to greater than 1000C, CFOAM is a natural EMI shield, capable of 60dB effectiveness in the 20M Hz to 18G Hz frequency range and can provide structures or enclosures for a broad application of avionics EMI suppression systems.

SOAR TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3600 Green Court, Suite 600 Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 327-8000 Dr. Randolph Jones ARMY 04-081 Selected for Award
Title:	Automated Air Traffic Control (ATC)
Abstract:	This Phase I proposal describes a study for determining the feasibility of developing an automated air traffic control (AutoATC) capability for military simulation. We describe an integrative vision of a network-based cognitive systems approach to developing an AutoATC that will provide ATC control to aircraft in rear, close, and forward operations. The AutoATC will interact with human and simulated entities in the battlespace, using voice and data link technologies. Feasibility will be determined by gathering requirements on how the AutoATC would perform technically, integrate with legacy systems, and be used in simulation-based training or experimentation. With the help of former Army ATCs and simulation operators, we will gather requirements using different task analysis techniques to gauge the breadth of the ATC task. We will evaluate current technology, including various COTS and GOTS simulation environments, distributed simulation protocols, and voice interface technology to determine what technology exists to meet the requirements for an AutoATC, and what gaps would need to be filled with new development. In Phase I, we will develop a plan for filling these gaps, and describe an integration path to pull these pieces together.

DOMZALSKI MACHINE 332 W. Stanford Ave Gilbert, AZ 85233
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 738-5902 Mr. David Domzalski ARMY 04-082 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Advanced Flow Control Actuators for Fuselage Drag Reduction
Abstract:	The use of oscillatory jet active flow control offers the opportunity to dramatically reduce the parasitic drag of helicopter fueslages and their mission equipment without compromise of utility. A new class of actuator, flight qualification of actuators, and an integrated electronic driver and controller will make possible an efficient full-scale installation and flight test.

VIRTUAL AEROSURFACE TECHNOLOGIES 75 Fifth St. NW, Ste. 305 Atlanta, GA 30308
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 385-2185 Dr. Thomas Crittenden ARMY 04-082 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Advanced Flow Control Actuators for Fuselage Drag Reduction
Abstract:	Virtual Aerosurface Technologies, Inc. proposes an SBIR program for the adaptation of combustion powered actuation (COMPACT) flow control devices to the task of fuselage drag reduction on rotorcraft. COMPACT uses a small-scale combustion process to produce high velocity pulsed jets for flow control applications and has previously demonstrated strong control authority for reattachment of separated flows. The COMPACT actuators will be used in conjunction with MEMS-based wireless pressure sensors developed at Georgia Tech to form the basis for a complete closed-loop system for flow control. This approach will have the significant advantage of utilizing components for actuation and sensing which will have no moving components exposed to the external environment, thus increasing reliability and endurance under harsh operating environments. Phase I of the program will focus on testing the actuators and sensors under harsh environmental conditions, including developing test cells for and quantifying the effects of rain, dust, ice, external sound pressure levels, and vibration. A Phase I Option would develop new prototypes where necessary to mitigate the environmental effects observed and to provide an initial design and test of the actuator/sensor closed-loop control. Finally, Phase II would focus on integration of the system into a full-scale helicopter fuselage structure.

AERODYN ENGINEERING, INC. 5220 West 79th Street Indianapolis, IN 46268
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(317) 334-1523 Mr. David Lawrence ARMY 04-083 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Advanced Stress Measurement Technologies for Small Turbine Engines
Abstract:	Aerodyn proposes to develop a new concept in slip ring design that would culminate in a new class of high speed slip rings that could operate up to 90,000 RPM with 50 contacts (25 channels), be capable of handling temperatures up to 700 �F without external cooling support, have a bandwidth of 200 KHz, weigh less than 2 lb, and be designed to directly support new developments in small turboshaft engines. With active cooling the new slip ring design is expected to be able to withstand up to 1300 �F.

HOOD TECHNOLOGY CORP. 1750 Country Club Road Hood River, OR 97031
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(541) 387-2288 Dr. Andreas von Flotow ARMY 04-083 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Non-Intrusive Stress Measurement System for Small Turboshaft Engines
Abstract:	Hood Technology, along with its partner Williams International, propose to develop, test and supply a Non-Intrusive Stress Measurement System (NSMS) designed specifically for small turboshaft engines. This system will address the issues of these small engines at the sensor, acquisition and software levels, providing a non-proprietary, commercial-based NSMS system tailored for this class of powerplants. The development and live engine testing of a system designed specifically for these engines will produce a common sensing and acquisition platform across a wide variety of applications; create sensors tailored to the temperature, high stress and small installation space required for these engines; develop software and hardware capable of acquiring the low-level and high frequency resonant mode signals peculiar to small turboshaft rotors; and provide a commercial, non-proprietary system capable of delivering NSMS Generation 4 resolution while measuring tip timing and tip clearance both in the laboratory and eventually on operational engines.

MOHAWK INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1037 Watervliet-Shaker Road Albany, NY 12205
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 862-4290 Dr. Hooshang Heshmat ARMY 04-084 Selected for Award
Title:	Oil Free Couplings For High Speed Turboshaft Engines
Abstract:	The objective of this effort is to develop and demonstrate innovative oil-free methods of connecting future turboshaft/turboprop aircraft engines with their driven loads. To achieve these objectives, MiTi proposes a staged approach towards developing a lubricant-free coupling for foil or magnetic bearing supported rotors. During the base phase I program, MiTi will conduct tradeoff and a preliminary design of an advanced, lightweight high speed coupling system to connect future turboshaft/turboprop aircraft engines with their driven loads. These tradeoff studies will define the nominal range of design parameters, such as axial, radial and angular stiffness, coupling to shafting and gearbox stiffness ratios, etc., needed to achieve the program objectives. During the optional portion of the program, the results of the preliminary studies will be used to establish the coupling design to be tested during Phase II. Additionally, MiTir will review available in house test rig designs needed for the Phase II demonstration testing.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. 34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 538-0444 Mr. Daniel A. Wachspress ARMY 04-085 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Rotorcraft Brownout Aerodynamic Analysis and Flight Simulation
Abstract:	A critical operational problem for current Army rotorcraft is the prediction of landing conditions in a sand/dust/snow laden environment where rotorwash picks up loose ground cover leading to a condition of obscured visibility known as "brownout". The proposed effort will develop both a comprehensive analysis and flight simulation tool able to predict the magnitude and distribution of visibility difficulties associated with brownout. An accelerated timetable is projected by integrating and enhancing several state-of-the-art technologies already in place at Continuum Dynamics, Inc. (CDI). These technologies include: CDI's CHARM full-span free-vortex wake model and fast panel fuselage/ground surface model for general rotorcraft flow fields in steady and transient flight including a real-time free wake option for flight simulation applications; CDI's Army-accredited LDTRAN/CB model of particle uptake, entrainment and transport; an enhanced version of the Army's GenHel flight simulation software; and CDI's VRML/X3D out-the-window display technology that already supports the rendering of visual obscuration. Building quickly on these validated technologies, it is expected that a prototype rotorcraft brownout analysis and flight simulation tool can be completed in Phase I, followed by a significant expansion of features, validation and packaging in Phase II including a real-time flight simulation capability.

INVERCON, LLC Calder Square, P.O. Box 10229 State College, PA 16805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 876-3609 Dr. Joseph Szefi ARMY 04-086 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Novel, High-Authority Flap Actuation Concepts using Single Crystal Stacks
Abstract:	Piezoelectric flap actuators have exhibited inadequate levels of stroke and/or force required to produce angles of rotation in excess of �5� at 40 Hz. Single crystals represent a revolutionary advance in piezoelectric technology. Because crystal properties are significantly different than those of ceramic, crystal actuators require amplification techniques that are specifically tailored to crystal behavior. This proposal describes a high authority flap actuator concept for helicopter vibration control and noise suppression that will be designed for single crystal stack actuators. Invercon will evaluate the feasibility of using crystals together with two complimentary flap actuation concepts. The first is a high-displacement buckling beam actuator concept, which is well-suited for single crystal stack actuation. The second is a general method to mechanically tune and electrically tailor any electromechanical actuator for high robustness and authority at resonance. Buckling beam actuators should dramatically outperform state-of-the-art flap actuators, with the capability of displacing a 36" flap 9.5? at 40 Hz rotating at 400 RPM. Such actuators are simpler and significantly lighter than existing designs, as well. The Phase I will investigate the feasibility of using a buckling beam flap and crystal actuation in collaboration with manufacturer TRS Ceramics, Inc and researchers at the Pennsylvania State University.

TECHNO-SCIENCES, INC. 10001 Derekwood Lane, Suite 204 Lanham, MD 20706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 577-6000 Dr. Peter Chen ARMY 04-086 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Single Crystal Piezoelectric Actuators for Rotorcraft
Abstract:	Techno-Sciences, Inc. (TSi), in collaboration with the Smart Structures Laboratory of the Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Center at the University of Maryland (UMD), proposes to develop an innovative Active Pitch Link (APL) Technology for improved active rotor performance. The APL will exploit superior performance characteristics of new single crystal ferroelectric material, PMN, and nano-particle enhanced magneto-rheological (MR) fluid technology. This hybrid device efficiently marries two high-energy density electromechanical materials, PMN ferroelectric material and magnetorheological fluids, to provide full-scale rotor control. A low hysteresis high stroke PMN stack will be used to drive a hydraulic pump and develop a flow rate through a standard double-ended hydraulic actuator. Bidirectional control of the hydraulic actuator will be achieved using magnetorheological flow control valves arranged in a hydraulic power circuit.

RESEARCH APPLICATIONS, INC. 11772 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 260 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 259-7541 Dr. Jalees Ahmad ARMY 04-087 Selected for Award
Title:	Improved Models for Coated CMC Components with Severe Thermal Gradients
Abstract:	Innovative research and development leading to a dual-use advanced technology product is proposed. The product is a methodology and associated software for design and life prediction of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) propulsion components with and without environmental barrier coatings (EBCs). The methodology would be applicable to a broad class of CMCs for military and commercial applications. A Physics-Based mechanistic modeling approach is proposed to minimize the need for extensive long term testing of CMCs, while providing a pragmatic approach for cost effective material selection and design for long-term durability under severe thermal gradients. The approach includes direct consideration of relevant damage mechanisms and environmental degradation. Phase I will involve characterization of the mechanistic model for CMC materials selected by GE Aircraft Engines. The models will then be used for predicting the outcome of selected benchmark and sub-element tests. Predictions will be compared with experimental measurements to assess the modeling approach and feasibility for a comprehensive methodology development in Phase II. The proposed product is a comprehensive design and life prediction methodology and associate software for its implementation.

METACOMP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 28632 Roadside Drive, #255 Agoura Hills, CA 91301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 735-4883 Dr. Uriel Goldberg ARMY 04-088 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Integration of Active Flow Control Concepts into Rotorcraft Analyses
Abstract:	Metacomp Technologies proposes an innovative approach to simulate, through modeling, the effect of flow-control actuators on the flow. In this approach the underlying flow is simulated using URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) or LES (Large Eddy Simulation). The flow induced by the actuator itself is modeled in a way that is not affected by the time-step size used to integrate the base flow. This approach also obviates the need to resolve the smaller spatial scales (dictated by the size of the actuators). The proposed approach is ideal for efficient, cost-effective simulation of large scale flow control.

ADVANCED ROTORCRAFT TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1685 Plymouth Street, Suite 250 Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 968-1464 Dr. Chengjian He ARMY 04-089 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Ducted Fan Model for Real-Time Rotorcraft Flight Simulation
Abstract:	There have been increased applications of the ducted/shrouded fan as a safe, low noise, and effective anti-torque device for modern rotorcraft. Ducted/shrouded fans have also attracted much interest as the main VTOL lifting devices for recent uninhabited air vehicle (UAV) developments because of their compact structure and high lifting performance. This proposal is dedicated to the development of an accurate and efficient ducted fan simulation for helicopter anti-torque and UAV lifting applications. This will be done through (1) the development of an efficient blade element fan model; (2) the development of duct aerodynamic models; (3) the development of a coupled duct-fan model. Efforts will also be made to develop an effective and efficient rotor/airframe/duct/fan interaction model. The model will provide a comprehensive modeling and analysis tool to support the simulation of rotorcraft and VTOL air vehicles configured with ducted fan devices.

TECHNO-SCIENCES, INC. 10001 Derekwood Lane, Suite 204 Lanham, MD 20706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 577-6000 Dr. Gaurav Bajpai ARMY 04-090 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	High performance observers for rotorcraft control
Abstract:	The objective of the project is the development of a reliable methodology to implement analytical redundancy in rotorcraft platforms. Techno-Sciences, Inc.(TSi) proposes the development of sensor reconfiguration based on systematic and verifiable principles of estimator design. Supervisory control architecture needed to implement and evaluate the techniques is addressed. In Phase I all the techniques will be demonstrated using adequately constructed simulations and a rotorcraft platform as a benchmark. Phase II will focus on transition of proposed techniques to other rotorcraft platforms. The overall effort will be useful for all Department of defense unmanned and manned vehicle platforms.

METSS CORP. 300 Westdale Avenue Westerville, OH 43082
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 797-2200 Dr. Donald Bigg ARMY 04-091 Selected for Award
Title:	Crashworthy Ballistic Tolerant Fuel Tank Weight Reduction
Abstract:	METSS proposes to develop a lightweight, low cost, self-sealing fuel tank for use on helicopters and other aircraft. METSS will demonstrate that existing materials can be combined in a multi-component structure to produce a reduced weight fuel tank that is stable to the JP8 fuel and will self-seal upon impact from a 14.5 mm AP projectile. The base structure of the tank will be produced from a tough nitrile rubber. Additional ballistic resistance will be added to the tank via advanced, high strength, fibrous reinforcing layers. The additional strength provided by these layers will enable the tank to be made of thinner, thus lighter layers. The self-sealing capability will be enhanced to seal against a 14.5 mm projectile by increasing the expansion capability of the rubber that expands on contact with JP8. Moreover, by enhancing the ballistic impact resistance of the tank by the high strength reinforcing layers the overall magnitude of the damage site will be reduced, thus reducing the size of the hole that the self-sealing layer must expand into. Additional weight will be lost by relocation of the heavily reinforced fuel line fittings and access panels. METSS will show that all of this can be accomplished at a reasonable cost, using existing process technology.

PRODUCTION PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING & SALES, INC. 1285 Dunn Road St. Louis, MO 63138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(314) 868-3500 Mrs. Kelli Corona-Bittick ARMY 04-091 Selected for Award
Title:	Crashworthy Ballistic Tolerant Fuel Tank Weight Reduction
Abstract:	Production Products and the University of Delaware - Center for Composite Materials (UD-CCM) will develop a 200-gallon fuel tank design concept that will be 50% less parasitic weight than the current lowest weight crashworthy, ballistically tolerant, self-sealing (Type I) tank construction at 0.9 lb/ft2. This design will meet the requirements of MIL-DTS-27422C and withstand the threshold threat of 0.50 Caliber and objective threat of 14.5mm AP projectiles. The program will be based upon our expertise in filament winding and capabilities in modeling/analysis of composite structures and ballistic materials. In Phase I we will conduct an analytical and experimental engineering evaluation of the design concept for a lighter weight 200-gallon fuel tank. We will down select materials that will make up a multi-layer fuel tank wall and will fully establish the feasibility of each layer to the function of the fuel tank. We will evaluate and down select alternate materials and processes, and establish firm design requirements for all parameters of the fuel tank system so as to meet the Army requirements defined for this program. The fuel tank designs will be considered by on weight, scalability, and cost. It will also be designed for ease of installation, operation, removal and replacement.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Jonathan D. Pfautz ARMY 04-092 Awarded: 01DEC04
Title:	Multimodal Interface Toolkit for UAV Systems (MITUS)
Abstract:	Future Army missions will rely on a variety of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) that require advanced human-system interfaces (HSIs) to achieve mission success in challenging operational environments. Multimodal interfaces, because of their advantages in perceptual bandwidth maximization, represent one particularly promising approach to HSI implementation. To support the development of these advanced HSIs, we propose to design and prototype a Multimodal Interface Toolkit for UAV Systems (MITUS). Three core tasks characterize our approach. First, we will perform a cognitive task analysis on a representative demonstration scenario to: identify sources of information and types of inputs to UAV systems; develop general requirements for operator input and information display; define situational influences on these displays and input requirements; and identify display elements in existing and planned UAV interface systems. Second, we will design and demonstrate feasibility a toolkit that will support the rapid prototyping of new multimodal display and control concepts using readily available hardware and software systems, as well as the integration of these concepts with existing or planned UAV control stations. Third, we will develop a methodology for assessing the impact of each interface concept, including measures of improvement in both task performance and operator situation awareness.

MILITARY SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 1018 W 9th Ave, Suite 202 King of Prussia, PA 19406
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 354-9100 Mr. Robert Lee ARMY 04-093 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Particulate Erosion Predictions for Helicopter Rotor Blades
Abstract:	An analytical erosion prediction capability will be developed for helicopter rotor blades exposed to sandy environments and rain. The overall problem is divided into five components each requiring its own input parameters and computational tools. These five components are: characterization of the aerodynamic flow fields created by helicopter rotor blades, establishment of the particle impact conditions associated with these flow fields, formulation of computational mechanics descriptions for the particle interactions with a rotor blade, introduction of criteria for damage initiation, growth, and material removal, and development of methods to predict material removal from an eroding surface. The Phase I effort will consider conventional and innovative approaches that can be pursued for each of these components. They will be evaluated in terms of their implementation, preserving the physically significant features in each component, and their compatibility with the approaches for the other components. The input required for each component will be identified and refined as the program proceeds into Phase II where the general methodology will be acted upon using the most relevant computer codes and the input required collected from the existing literature to the extent that it is available. Work on all five components can be carried out simultaneously since they require input from a number of different fields.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3250 Ocean Park Blvd., Suite 100 Santa Monica, CA 90405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 581-5440 Dr. Azad M. Madni ARMY 04-094 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	AgileTectureT: A Methodology and Toolkit for Agile Design and Dynamic Reconfiguration of C4ISR Architectures
Abstract:	C4ISR systems continue to increase in architectural complexity with concomitant increase in development costs. Today, C4ISR architecture development is a labor-intensive predominantly manual process that is supported with limited automation. Commercial tools on the market today fall short of meeting DoD Architecture Framework guidelines for scalability and a fully integrated system that captures and reconciles operational, systems, and technical perspectives. Today, there is a crucial requirement for DoDAF-compliant C4ISR architecture design tools that also enable "on-the-fly" adaptation of the C4ISR architecture to reflect new task organization structures. The proposed effort is intended to develop a toolkit that supports both C4ISR architecture design as well as dynamic architecture reconfiguration in response to new task organizations created during tactical mission planning. Phase I of this effort will establish the feasibility of such a tool that can run in a standalone or client-server mode over a secure Internet.

TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC. 10201 Lee Highway, Suite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 691-7781 Mr. Michael Stoddard ARMY 04-094 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	C4ISR Architecture and Tactical Systems Planning Tool
Abstract:	As technology has advanced, the complexity of systems has increased geometrically. The environments encompassing these systems must increase in scope to fully understand the impact of requirements and design changes. Trident's work with the Naval Collaborative Engineering Environment (NCEE) has helped to establish a baseline environment around our InterchangeSE technology and an approach which will be used in determining the requirements of this initial full scale environment including a detailed architectural specification based on those requirements. Under the NCEE, some initial research was performed into the development of a Schema that would allow engineering data to be stored coherently in a common repository. This schema is based on system engineering standards such as IEEE 1220 and EIA 632 and extended to support DODOF and UML. We are currently updating that schema to be CADM compliant and being able to import and export CADM XML. This integrated environment runs on a standard commercial desktop platform, uses a commercially available database, is capable of either stand-alone use or in a distributed client-server fashion, is secure (installed on SIPRNET at NSWCDD), performs configuration management of the data, provides access controls at the individual attribute level, and informs users of changes in data marked as important to them. There is support for open standards for sharing data such as XML and CSV as well as an open API for third party developers to build applications to communicate and share data with the repository. Finally, Trident Systems has performed research with InterchangeSE and web services which, if fully integrated would provide a service-based environment compatible with the emerging network centric enterprise system.

DE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 3620 Horizon Drive King of Prussia, PA 19406
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(302) 832-7570 Mr. Mark E. Majerus ARMY 04-095 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Remote Controlled Mine Neutralizer
Abstract:	The Army's SBIR Topic A04-095, Remotely Controlled Neutralization Techniques for Mine Clearance, seeks a system that is able to effectively neutralizations mines, via remote control, in a timely manner. DE Technologies Inc has a suite of munitions that have demonstrated the required neutralization performance. These munitions embody the technology found in ESMB, Mongoose, GSTAMIDS, and other programs. They are highly effective and neutralize the mine in less than a second. DE Technologies Inc herein proposes to investigate the adaptation of these proven, small munitions to a remote controlled vehicle for the delivery and precision alignment. Much of the proposed technology is commercial, off-the-shelf hardware. DET envisions a system that would cost substantially less than a thousand dollars for each deployment and neutralization. This system could also be applied to the neutralization of Improvised Explosive Devices or road-side bombs.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5249 Dr. Goutam Satapathy ARMY 04-096 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	DEC-POMDP Stochastic Game Approach for Uncertain MultiAgent Systems
Abstract:	The key innovation builds on the decentralized partially observable markov decision processes theory to model unmanned vehicles (UVs) that engage in stochastic game formulations for collaborative teaming and computing joint optimal policies. Prior models consider purely collaborative agents which have identical payoff functions contrary to the human-centric models. We incorporate agent self-interestedness in the payoff functions and maximize expected team reward. Learning components are incorporated in the agents to reduce the search space for optimal actions given a history of world observations. It is our intuition that such a framework would provide computationally tractable performance even though DEC-POMDP are shown to be NEXP-complete with no communication. The framework would have host of generic algorithms that can be easily adapted as per the scenario definition like target tracking, formation flying, planning etc. The proposed approach can be implemented on CybeleTM agent DSSI (Decision support system infrastructure) capability built by IAI to model agent beliefs, actions and rewards with hooks for the environment simulation. Cybele infrastructure has been tested on CDC environment (e.g., wireless PDAs), which allows users to develop agent applications and algorithms, simulate the algorithms and directly deploy the software on wireless networked environment, enabling hardware in the loop simulations.

SOAR TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3600 Green Court, Suite 600 Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 327-8000 Dr. Scott Wood ARMY 04-096 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Advanced Algorithms for Unmanned Systems Resource Optimization
Abstract:	To reduce commander and staff workload in the full spectrum of battlefield management, we propose to create a network of agent modules that enable effective control of multiple robotic elements. In this network, each agent serves as an expert in one or more of the required knowledge areas, and is integrated with other agents, forming a panel of advisors to a central decision-making control agent, the human user, or both. Key requirements for this network include the abilities to understand doctrinal and task requirements; learn new situations and recognize learned patterns; understand commander and enemy intent; collect, filter and fuse relevant information; adapt mixed-initiative interaction; propose optimal solutions when possible and sufficient solutions when necessary; explain reasoning and actions when requested; identify and communicate when user intervention is critical; perform robustly in the face of uncertain, inaccurate or misleading information; and be tolerant of human and system error. Successful advancement toward these requirements will enable an initial simulation-based control system to be developed, that can support future research to refine and develop human-system interfaces and underlying intelligence for embedded autonomy.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Paul Shnitser ARMY 04-097 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Self-Mixing Interferometric Speedometer
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for a self-contained navigation subsystem, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Self-Mixing Interferometric Speedometer (SMIS). The SMIS will reliably trace the movement of a dismounted soldier with respect to the ground, floor, walls, trees, or other stable objects and surface. The SMIS is based on POC's extensive experience with laser Doppler velocimetry. Integrating state-of-the-art self-mixing laser diode interferometry with commercial off-the-shelf components, the SMIS will have advantages that include small size, light weight, low cost, high reliability, low power consumption, and high accuracy. The SMIS can be incorporated into Army sensor platforms to measure velocity, displacement, and vibration. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the SMIS by building an initial prototype for laboratory testing at POC's on materials representative of an urban environment. In Phase II POC will design and develop the full scale SMIS prototype and perform field tests specified by the Army.

BELLE AEROSPACE CORP. 2237 Warrenville Ave. Wheaton, IL 60187
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 430-1926 Mr. John J. Belle ARMY 04-098 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Power The Force: Future Force Power Systems- Critical Enabler for Army Transformation
Abstract:	Efficient and portable POWER, to drive the Military's Future Combat technology and equipment is the key to a successful Future Force. Belle Aerospace Corporation is proposing a very compact, lightweight portable power generation system for use in small Military Tactical Generators (MTG) in the 250 to 2000 Watt power range. Using a proven generator and power electronics technology from Hamilton Sundstrand, combined with a unique efficient power head configuration provided by Belle Aerospace Corporation will provide Women Marine portable MTG for the U.S. ARMY. BAC's proposed generator system concept will be reliable in a battlefield environment, compact, lightweight, quiet, fuel-efficient (use heavy fuels, such as DF-1, DF-2, and JP8), and capable of supporting a wide variety of field equipment, including the Future Combat System (FCS) network. BAC's diesel engine concept uses high speeds to reduce size and weight. BAC's engine provides a means to increase electric power density ratio. In addition, BAC's unique design improves reliability through part reduction and the use of proven technology, while maintaining specific fuel consumption rates.

PEREGRINE POWER LLC 27350 SW 95th Avenue, Suite 3030 Wilsonville, OR 97070
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(503) 682-7001 Mr. Dallas A. Marckx ARMY 04-098 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Power Conversion Using Silicon Carbide
Abstract:	Silicon carbide (SiC)semiconductors offer revolutionary improvements in power electronics due to much lower conduction and switching losses, higher switching frequencies, higher voltage capability, higher operating temperatures and other superior properties relative to standard silicon. Losses in a converter will be decreased by a factor of ten, frequency will be increased by a factor of ten and size/weight will be reduced by a factor of five. These translate directly to greater mobility for nearly all power sources, including variable speed (VS) gensets, fuel cells, PV cells and nearly all of the scavenging methods being considered by the Army and Navy. After several decades of development, SiC semiconductors are nearing introduction, particularly at low power. Based in part on prior work, the applicant will develop baseline SiC technology for use in a wide variety of Army applications in the 250 watt to 2,000 watt range, and also higher power levels. The initial effort will focus on a SiC converter for a 2 kW MTG with VS capability. The converter will be integrated tightly into the end of the PM generator. Generator/converter integration is possible for the first time due to the high temperature capability of the SiC switch (over 400 degrees C)compared to a standard silicon switch (125 degree C). In the base work, a preliminary design will be completed and assessed. In the optional work, several prototype SiC MOSFETs appropriate for this converter will be fabricated in a TO-220 package.

STIRLING TECHNOLOGY CO. 4208 West Clearwater Ave Kennewick, WA 99336
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(509) 735-4700 Dr. Songgang Qiu ARMY 04-098 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Power The Force: Future Force Power Systems- Critical Enabler for Army Transformation
Abstract:	Advancements in military communications technology will enable better information gathering and decision making but require reliable, robust, quiet, and highly portable electrical power that can be provided by a Free-Piston Stirling Engine generator system. Stirling Technology Company's (STC) experience with space power systems indicates that substantial mass reduction can be achieved through material selection, advanced alternator and heater head designs, and system-level optimization. STC experience with low-cost commercial Combined Heat and Power systems provides cost reduction approaches including assembly improvements, and part redesigns to use automated processes such as stamping and casting. STC will leverage previous mass and cost reduction research into a conceptual design for a Lightweight Stirling Power System design in the 1- to 2-kW range capable of powering Future Combat System hardware in vehicle, robotic, or man-portable platforms.

LIGHTCLOUD SOFTWARE 3964 Vierra St. Pleasanton, CA 94566
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 485-9816 Mrs. Elaine Lusher ARMY 04-099 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Biometric Authentication and Secure Information Services for Wireless Devices
Abstract:	Security concerns have constrained widespread use of small wireless devices for computing. Flaws include the lack of tight over-the-air security in the IEEE 802.11 standard and the lack of strong authentication. While IEEE 802.11 flaws, such as the weak encryption method, are being addressed, strong authentication has not been pursued by wireless vendors. Most current authentication methods rely on passwords, which are not fully secure and require the user to remember cryptic data. Biometric authentication, if highly accurate, would provide strong device security and allow user services to be appropriately restricted. For classified military applications and proprietary enterprise applications, such as legal applications (where the law mandates client-attorney confidentiality) and medical applications (where patient confidentiality must be protected), weak authentication methods are insufficient. Should the device fall into hostile/unauthenticated hands, compromised security could have serious military or legal consequences. The objective of this project is to research state-of-the-art biometric methods and design a software architecture incorporating biometric authentication and offering user and security services based upon valid authentication.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Curtis Wu ARMY 04-100 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Mobile Agent Network Topology and Routing Adaptation (MANTRA)
Abstract:	Army Transformation requires a force that can see first, understand first, act first and finish decisively. This requires an information system that can obtain, deliver, and interpret information in a timely manner. This poses special problems for a highly dynamic mobile network with limited bandwidth and computing such as those found in the dismounted warrior systems. Mobile agent architectures such as the Extensible Mobile Agent Architecture (EMAA) provide a framework for meeting this goal in dismounted warrior systems. In addition to the framework, the network must have the logic to be self-adaptive, so changes to the topology or provided services are automatically taken into account. The logic that drives the agents must allow user commands to be efficiently executed to minimize data flow and minimize execution time. We propose to address these needs by designing and implementing agents that adapt to network conditions and ensure that task agents move and operate optimally. Specifically we envision a Status Agent residing on each node to maintain and propagate information on the network status and a Command Agent residing on each node to configure mobile agents with a statically optimized Agent Itinerary and the necessary Agent Control Logic to dynamically optimize its itinerary.

STREAMSAGE 1016 16th Street, NW, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20036
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 722-2440 Ms. Evelyne Tzoukermann ARMY 04-101 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Arabic Speech-Centered Machine Translation System
Abstract:	Today there is an incredible and rapidly growing amount of Arabic broadcast data available over the air and digitally. Furthermore this media is of high interest to governments and corporations worldwide. In the proposed work, StreamSage proposes to develop a new type of recognition and translation system that would greatly improve the accuracy with which the deluge of broadcast content can be automatically transcribed and translated for use by non-Arabic speakers. At the crux of the proposed system are new approaches for greatly reducing the errors in Arabic speech recognition and reducing the effect of recognition errors on translation accuracy. The goal of the project is to translate Arabic speech to English text with nearly the same accuracy as translating Arabic text to English by constructing a translation system from the ground up with a focus on the unique difficulties presented by spoken language.

UNIVERSAL DISPLAY CORP. 375 Phillips Blvd Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 671-0980 Dr. Anna Chwang ARMY 04-102 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Full Color, Flexible, Day/Nighttime Displays for Mobile Battle Command Environments
Abstract:	The goal of this U.S. Army CERDEC SBIR Program is to design, develop, prototype, and demonstrate a full color, flexible, hands free Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) display to increase the operational capability of Commanders in day and nighttime conditions. Universal Display Corporation (UDC) is developing advanced organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology based on their proprietary high-efficiency phosphorescent OLED (PHOLEDT), transparent OLED (TOLEDT) and flexible OLED (FOLEDr) technologies. The development of novel infrared-emitting PHOLED pixels integrated with UDC's visible color PHOLED technologies and a poly-Si TFT backplane on flexible metal foil is the best solution to meet the Army's flexible display requirements. These technologies will enable a high information content display that will not give away a Commander's position or location during nighttime situations and therefore will avoid signature detection. In Phase I we propose to demonstrate infrared-emitting PHOLED pixels on glass substrates. In a Phase 1 option, we will develop top emission IR pixels on metal foil substrates. In a subsequent Phase 2 we propose to demonstrate a flexible, low power consumption phosphorescent IR emitting AM-OLED display with both visible and infrared pixels providing visible high information content information during daylight operation and avoiding visual signature detection at night.

LOCUS, INC. 5540 Research Park Drive, Fitchburg Center Madison, WI 53711
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(608) 270-0500 Mr. Dick Ferrier ARMY 04-103 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Handheld Positioning/Navigation System for Urban and Indoor Environments
Abstract:	Earlier studies on Locus' new Loran technology demonstrated that Loran signals can be received in urban/indoor environments where GPS is unavailable, but additional development was needed to utilize Loran's advantages in these applications. Nevertheless, it is clear that a combination of technologies will be needed to meet US Army needs for handheld positioning and navigation systems. Locus has advanced its Loran technology, but for Loran to function as a sensor within an integrated navigation, positioning, and communication system, receiver size and power requirements must be reduced. Under an Army program, Multispectral Solutions, Inc. (MSSI) is developing an ultra wideband (UWB) range measurement radio system to determine the location of all nodes in an urban or indoor environment. Integration with GPS and Loran will ultimately be required to provide a reference datum. Locus, Inc. Phase I SBIR program will define the necessary development steps to enable use of Loran as an alternate sensor within an UWB system. The Phase I program investigates three key areas regarding size and power consumption of the existing Loran technology: antenna, signal acquisition chain, and receiver board. In addition, Locus will review UWB interface requirements with MSSI, and incorporate those requirements into the Phase II program.

GIRD SYSTEMS, INC. 310 Terrace Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45220
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 281-2900 Mr. Bruce Hart ARMY 04-104 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Co-Channel Interference Mitigation Test Apparatus
Abstract:	The airborne collection environment will encounter a large degree of its operations in an environment predominated by co-channel interference. While no currently available product or algorithm is capable of mitigating all sources of co-channel interference, existing techniques may be used either independently or in combination to address many typical scenarios. An innovative system is proposed which incorporates novel algorithms. The proposed capability will result in improved performance and decreased cost for mitigation of co-channel interference.

VERSATILE INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. 5 Mountainview Drive Framingham, MA 01701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 285-0315 Dr. Christopher J. Matheus ARMY 04-105 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	An Ontologically-Based Data Fusion Model
Abstract:	Information fusion is part of most military and commercial systems that must collect and process information from sensors and other sources. Systems of this type are extremely complex and thus require sound engineering principles to guide the development process. The JDL Model of Data Fusion has proven useful for this purpose over the past couple decades but it is showing signs of aging. As such it is no longer sufficient to deal with the growing emphasis on higher levels of fusion, nor can it fully accommodate the new and emerging technologies that are defining the net-centric environments of the twenty-first century. We propose to develop a reference model for information fusion that extends and refines the JDL model and provides a formal mathematical basis for the design and development of fusion tools and systems. This model will be vetted through communication and interaction with the fusion community with the ultimate intent of generating a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the standardization of a fusion model by the Object Management Group (OMG).

NAVSYS CORP. 14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 481-4877 Dr. Alison Brown ARMY 04-106 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Integrated Wideband Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) Sensor
Abstract:	Although wideband SIGINT receivers are available from numerous sources, they all require other devices to provide SIGINT processing functionality. In addition, they also need other inputs required for SIGINT operations such as GPS, navigation and frequency reference. Presently, such systems require multiple chassis and connections that have duplicate functions and components driving up the cost and system size. The objective of this effort is to develop a small, man-portable wideband Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) sensor with embedded Global Positioning System (GPS) and INS processing to provide a complete SIGINT sensor in a single unit. Our proposed solution is to develop a Wideband Software Defined Radio based on our existing portable Software GPS Receiver design. This allows precise emitter identification and geolocation to be performed using the GPS derived timing and positioning information in a networked architecture. Under the Phase I effort we shall develop a design for a Wide-Band SDR and demonstrate that the design provides adequate digital shielding, RF signal fidelity, low phase noise, high selectivity and dynamic range and consistent RF and digital performance over environmental conditions to support precision signal measurement functions.

NETWORKFAB CORP. 2066 Walsh Avenue Suite B2 Santa Clara, CA 95050
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 567-0106 Mr. Lars Karlsson ARMY 04-106 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Integrated Wideband Signal Intelligence (SIGINT) Sensor
Abstract:	Today's SIGINT systems need to perform more tasks than ever before. This requires separate, often bulky, pieces of equipment connected by many cables. Employing multiple boxes does not conform to the U.S. Army's Future Combat Systems vision of fielding an "Objective Force" that is lighter, more mobile, agile, and sustainable. Therefore, what is needed is a product that can perform all these SIGINT functions in one single sensor unit. Field operations will be greatly enhanced by such a smaller, lighter one-box solution. In addition, the solution must also have the ability to interface with other military services, government agencies and coalition partners. The product must ultimately be strategically responsive and act as part of a network of sensors, platforms, and command nodes linked by high-speed communications. It is within the capabilities, and the goals, of NetworkFab to provide such a solution. Combining NetworkFab's existing wideband receiver capability, digital drop receivers, DF algorithms, specialized software, and TCP/IP networking capability with GPS, specialized software, and compact integration is the heart of this proposal. When successful, such a solution will help to transform the U.S. Army into the FCS vision of a supremely agile, spectrum dominant force for the 21st century.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Richard Kaszeta ARMY 04-107 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	A Java API for Low-Level Socket Network Access
Abstract:	Modern military computer applications are increasingly using the Java computer language. While Java provides a versatile cross-platform computing environment with strong security and ease-of-use (java.net.Socket), this support is limited to traditional TCP/IP socket-style communications, and lacks the ability for the programmer to directly access lower levels of the network protocol stack, such as raw sockets. Creare proposes the development of a Java API which uses a native code library allowing Java programs to manipulate raw sockets through a consistent and secure interface. This API would allow Java programs to directly implement low-level networking sockets, such as packet filtering, packet sniffing and manipulation of low-level IP or transport layer data. In Phase I, we will research implementing raw sockets in Java, report on the feasibility and implications of such an implementation, and create an application that demonstrates a subset of this prototype API. In Phase II, we will further develop the API to include a broad range of raw socket features (including support for higher level network stack protocols and headers, such as TCP and UDP). The end result of Phase II will be a complete raw socket API that can be used in a wide variety of Java networking applications.

AUSTIN INFO SYSTEMS, INC. 301 Camp Craft Road Austin, TX 78746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 329-6661 Dr. David Read ARMY 04-108 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Advanced Visualization Support of Higher-Level Fusion Processes
Abstract:	Research in visualization of multi-int data to improve the fusion process has taken recently taken on multiple approaches. In particular, link analysis diagrams have become popular for visualizing relationships between friendly, threat, unknown and NGA entities. Link analysis diagrams, while powerful, are often difficult to input data, navigate, filter and visualize content. They often are not integrated with existing intelligence tools. This research will aid level 2 fusion by providing capability in the following areas: aggregation of entities from multiple perspectives, easy/dynamic grouping of entities, dynamic filtering and grouping, integration with existing intelligence data, and integration with existing intelligence products including maps. Techniques for aggregation based on features and attributes will include: Feature prediction, multivariate statistics, principal component analysis and resampling for validation. In phase I of this effort AIS will research and the best means for providing these capabilities, provide a prototype integrated with realistic or real-world data, provide a road map for transition of these capabilities into future efforts including FCS and DCGS-A. Phase II will result in the development of the prototype "Multi-INT Visualization Tools (MVTools)" that will be integrated and tested within an FCS application to demonstrate the effectiveness of the product.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Jonathan D. Pfautz ARMY 04-108 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	A Toolkit for Building Interfaces for Operator-in-the-Loop Data Fusion (BIFOLD)
Abstract:	Decision-making in modern warfare environments is characterized by large amounts of complex information from a variety of systems that must be rapidly processed by the commander. Part of this complexity is due to poor data fusion and part due to added meta-information, or, information qualifiers (e.g., reliability) that increase the commander's burden. Effective human-system interfaces that intelligently incorporate meta-information, while helping visualize the fusion process, relieve the decision-maker's workload and enable situationally aware decisions. We propose to tackle this problem by designing and prototyping a toolkit for Building Interfaces For Operator-in-the-Loop Data Fusion (BIFOLD). Three core tasks characterize our approach. First, we will revise the JDL Data Fusion Model to incorporate operator visualization of, and interaction with, the Level 2 fusion process. Second, we will perform a cognitive task analysis to identify the operator's information and meta-information requirements and to define a human performance model for guiding interface design. Third, we will prototype a toolkit containing generic interface methods for operator-in-the-loop data fusion. We will leverage our expertise in human performance and interface design to develop the BIFOLD toolkit, interface it with an existing in-house data fusion application, and evaluate its potential to support other fusion-based Future Combat System applications.

NOMADICS, INC. 1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Mr. Deak Feken ARMY 04-111 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Low Cost Radio Based ID and Position Reporting System
Abstract:	The US military has a developed and is testing several technologies that promise to reduce fratricide incidents on the battlefield. These Radio-Based Combat Identification Systems consist of specially modified, currently inventoried, military radio systems. These systems do not allow identification of friendly forces using commercial radio systems and, therefore, such personnel may be targeted. Nomadics will implement a low-cost approach to the modification of commercial radio systems to provide not only identification of the system but also the system's location. The proposed approach will be based on an existing system used by the amateur radio community. This system incorporates the basic requirements of a commercial radio-based identification system, including GPS position reporting. The system could automatically, or by interrogation, identify and locate all other units involved in the operation. Some systems could support display of asset identities and locations of the interrogated units. This project will focus on the enhancements required to provide the level of speed, security, and robustness necessary for a reliable, rugged, and user-friendly commercial field-deployable system that can be integrated with military systems.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 954-2200 Mr. Joseph Salzman ARMY 04-112 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Ultra-Lightweight Moving Target Indicator (MTI) Radar for Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) and Organic Aerial Vehicles (OAV)
Abstract:	In an effort to enhance the OAV and UGS missions within the context of the Future Force vision, the Army has a need for an ultra-lightweight (objective: 2 lb) MTI radar sensor capable of 360 deg detection of moving dismounted troops at ranges of up to 3 km (objective) in desert terrain, under windless conditions and near-zero platform speed. TSC proposes a novel MTI Omni-directional Radar concept that can be implemented with currently available RF MEMS, A/D converters, and FPGA technologies. Using low peak transmitter power to reduce detectability and enhance mission survivability, the Light MTIOR concept provides detection of dismounts at ranges to 3 km, with sufficient angle resolution to cue an EO/IR sensor for further imaging. It is anticipated that, provided a high level of component integration, the concept will meet the objective weight during pre-production or production phases of development. During Phase I, TSC will investigate the feasibility of the Light MTIOR concept, demonstrate its detection and angle measurement capability via closed-form analyses and simulations, and develop a preliminary design for Phase II ground-based and tower demonstration tests.

BRIDGEWAVE COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 3350 Thomas Road Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 567-6951 Mr. Sean Cahill ARMY 04-113 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Wireless Local Area Network (LAN) Based Surveillance System
Abstract:	A wireless LAN (WLAN) for an airborne surveillance application uses the 60GHz band, providing GigE speed, no interference with surveillance frequencies, based on adaptation of our proven point to point wireless GigE technology. The system operation is similar to existing WLANs, such as 802.11, however much higher speed can be obtained by the antenna beam-shape and the availability 7GHz-wide unlicensed spectrum. The key new development is an adaptive, highly-directional antenna and the beam steering algorithms. Our demonstrated millimeter-wave MEMS ability is likely to play a key role in facilitating this antenna. The end product will be a GigE WLAN, adaptable to wide range of application and end-user instruments by adding local adaptors as required to facilitate a complete surveillance system or, eventually, any high speed WLAN. Our Phase I key activities are to define the propagation environment, antenna concept, beam forming algorithms, and make preliminary tests of actual propagation and interference.

MAXION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 6525 Belcrest Road, Suite G60 Hyattsville, MD 20782
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 699-0232 Dr. Richard P. Leavitt ARMY 04-114 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Quantum-Cascade-Laser-Based Systems for LWIR Military Applications
Abstract:	We propose to develop new quantum cascade-laser (QCL) based systems useful for military platform and perimeter protection, free space communications, infrared countermeasures, and chemical sensing applications. New QCL structures will be designed and optimized, and a careful thermal analysis will be performed to determine cooler requirements and the best cooler design for a system operating at or near room temperature in the LWIR (8.5 - 12 micron) wavelength band producing on the order of 0.5 W average power at a 25% duty cycle. Various laser configurations will be investigated, including a master oscillator/power amplifier (MOPA) configuration with a QCL-based oscillator chip coupled to a grating to form an external cavity laser that provides a tunable source of nearly monochromatic light to a QCL-based semiconductor optical amplifier chip.

MP TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 1801 Maple Avenue Evanston, IL 60201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 491-7208 Dr. Steven Slivken ARMY 04-114 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	High Average Power Quantum Cascade Lasers for Long Wavelength Infrared Applications
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to determine the feasibility of a long wave infrared (8.5-12 micron) semiconductor laser source that can operate near ambient temperature with several hundred mWs of average output power. At present, the main focus will be placed on the quantum cascade laser, which has already demonstrated high performance in this wavelength range at ambient temperature. Intrinsic performance will be studied as a function of operating wavelength and laser geometry in order to determine the optimum configuration for high average power operation.

TRION TECHNOLOGY 1025 South 52nd Street Tempe, AZ 85281
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 968-8818 Mr. John Joseph ARMY 04-114 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Longwave Infrared Semiconductor Lasers
Abstract:	This program focuses on the development of novel high-temperature and high-power longwave infrared (LWIR) quantum cascade lasers operating in the 8 to 12 �m window, for military countermeasures, chemical and biological sensing, remote atmospheric sensing and imaging, noninvasive inspection of semiconductor wafers, and secure free-space communications. Such devices can be compact and enabling. The objectives proposed for Phase I and Phase I Option are the theoretical simulation and design of the device structure including injection efficiency and active region design, the growth of test samples to study and regulate the emission wavelength, and the fabrication of in-plane lasers to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sources. We will also implement newly developed MBE growth technology that improves the performance and yield of quantum cascade lasers.

OCEANIT LABORATORIES, INC. 1001 Bishop Street, ASB Tower, Suite 2970 Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 531-3017 Dr. Ken Cheung ARMY 04-115 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Mobile Sensor Systems for Intelligence Collection Using Doppler Shifting of Existing Communication Technology
Abstract:	Wireless communication signals can be used to detect human vital signs by measuring the Doppler shift of the returning signal. It is possible to use ambient wireless signals in the environment such as from cordless and mobile phones as a microwave Doppler radar to remotely and accurately measure an individual's pulse and respiration. Because of the range of typical frequencies involved, it is also possible for Doppler radar to measure vital signs through barriers such as drywall, cement and other non-metal construction materials. In addition, advanced signal processing techniques, combined with innovative hardware design could allow for not only detection of an individual through a wall but also the number and relative positions of multiple subjects. This Phase I effort will demonstrate the feasibility of sensing multiple individuals' vital signs through a wall and lay the groundwork for developing techniques to measure relative positions of multiple personnel through a wall.

FAIRCHILD IMAGING 1801 McCarthy Blvd. Milpitas, CA 95035
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 433-2663 Mr. Rex Bordwell ARMY 04-116 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Interline CCD for Low light Imagery
Abstract:	There is a distinct need to replace the current Gen III image intensifier imaging system with an all solid-state low light level camera. Between the two potential silicon solid-state image sensor technologies, the CCD is the preferred choice since it generally has higher QE, lower dark current and better uniformity than the state-of-the-art CMOS imager. To meet the performance requirements under overcast starlight level conditions with no or minimum cooling, the dark current of a conventional CCD needs to be further reduced. In addition, given the high dynamic that the camera must support, a conventional CCD (even with anti-blooming structure) may have a potential smear problem where a bright spot in the image causes smearing in the associated column during the vertical register transfer time. The smear will result in extra electron injection into other pixels within that column, causing extra shot noise that degrades the image quality. In this work we will design a high performance, interline frame transfer CCD that will achieve 10pA/cm? dark current, or less than 2 electrons per pixel per frame. The CCD architecture will have minimum smearing even when the bright region in the image is 100 times stronger than the sensor saturation level.

SENSORS UNLIMITED, INC. 3490 U.S. Route 1, Building 12 Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 524-0257 Dr. J. Christopher Dries ARMY 04-116 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	A 1920x1080 Pixel Visible and Shortwave Infrared Focal Plane Array and Camera for Night Vision Imaging
Abstract:	Sensors Unlimited will design, develop, and deliver a 1920x1080 element InGaAs focal plane array based camera for use in BOTH the Visible and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) wavelength bands. Using Sensors Unlimited's proven InP substrate removal process, the short wavelength response of an InGaAs focal plane array is extended, such that the wavelength response spans from the visible (400 nm and 20% quantum efficiency) to the SWIR (1700 nm and 80% quantum efficiency). In addition, a readout integrated circuit architecture with in-pixel current amplification is utilized to achieve "noiseless" gains similar to those obtained by charge multiplying CCD image sensors. During phase I, our current 640x512 buffered input gate modulated readout integrated circuit architecture will be scaled to the 1920x1080 format at the schematic and modeling design level, with circuit layout taking place during the Phase I option period. In addition, we will demonstrate 1920x1080 pixel bump bonding technology with substrate removal on a 12.5 micron pixel pitch during Phase I. During Phase II, the readout integrated circuit and substrate removed InGaAs photodiode arrays will be fabricated and mated to miniature camera electronics, similar to our existing 320x256 MicroCamera platform.

AGILTRON CORP. 220 Ballardvale St., Suite D Wilmington, MA 01887
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 694-1006 Dr. Jack Salerno ARMY 04-117 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Waveband-Switchable Low Cost IR Camera
Abstract:	Based on our recent progress in a proprietary optical MEMS IR camera technology, Agiltron Inc. proposes to develop a revolutionary approach to produce an uncooled IR imager whose operation band is switchable between broadband coverage of the combined MWIR and LWIR spectrum and only the MWIR region. The design has fundamental advantages in cost and performance compared with the competitive approaches. The uncooled operation offers attractive attributes of a compact, lightweight, low power, rugged, and long operating life device. The innovation is based on a new photoelectric sensing pixel made of micro-machined thermo-mechanical cantilevers that directly convert the IR image into a visible image with self-background noise cancellation capability. The approach facilitates the use of highly sensitive IR sensing materials without the obstacle of processing incompatibilities. This provides an unprecedented opportunity to produce an affordable uncooled bolometer IR imager by eliminating the need for costly electronic amplification and fan-out. The optical means provides instantaneous readout without the need for scanning that limits the operation speed. High sensitivity is anticipated due to the excellent pixel thermal isolation configuration. Moreover, the simple design potentially leads to large pixel array due to its high manufacture yield. Phase I will demonstrate the feasibility and a fully functional prototype will be produced in Phase II.

BLACK FOREST ENGINEERING, LLC 1879 Austin Bluffs Parkway Colorado Springs, CO 80918
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 593-9501 Dr. Stephen Gaalema ARMY 04-117 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Uncooled Midwave Focal Plane Array (FPA) and Camera for RPG Detection
Abstract:	Uncooled Focal Plane Array (UFPA) technology has evolved such that high performance can be achieved in both the medium wavelength infrared (MWIR 3-5 micron) and long wavelength infrared (LWIR 8-14 micron) bands. The main reason for this performance improvement has been increased thermal isolation of the bolometric sensing element. High performance can be achieved in both the MWIR and LWIR with a single detector, with a broadband response, and a switchable filter. Black Forest Engineering will investigate and design an uncooled camera employing microbolometers that meets the following specifications: NETD < 150mK referenced to f/1 optics with 90% transmission and radiation pass band of 3.0-micron to 5.0-micron observing an ideal black body at 300 K operating at 60 frames per second and has a switchable filter to allow for receiving 3 to 13 um radiation. The UFPA will have a resolution of 320x240 or more pixels with a pixel pitch less than 50.0 micron.

BRIMROSE CORP.OF AMERICA 5024 Campbell Blvd.,, Suite E Baltimore, MD 21236
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 668-5800 Dr. Chen Chia Wang ARMY 04-118 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Acoustic Landmine Detection: INTERFEROMETER-LESS PULSED LASER VIBROMETER FOR LANDMINE DETECTION
Abstract:	A light-weight, compact, high sensitivity pulsed laser vibrometer is proposed using photo-EMF sensors for the non-contact detection and mapping of buried landmines. The fast response times (~ ns) and high sensitivity of the photo-EMF sensors allow continuous and real-time monitoring of vibration characteristics of the ground and canopy based on which the presence and species of landmines can be determined with high precision and fast speed. The high sensitivity of the proposed pulsed laser vibrometer allows the deployment of low average-power laser sources and the reduction of collection optics sizes, leading to compact laser vibrometers that are easy to manipulate, power-conservative, and ideal for landmine detection onboard a vehicle or an aircraft. The interferometer-less feature of the photo-EMF pulsed laser vibrometer alleviates it from the stringent optical alignment and stabilization requirements faced by conventional optical interferometer-based apparatus and makes it ideal for applications in noisy environments like the battlefields. The feasibility of using the photo-EMF pulsed laser vibrometer to locate buried landmines will be demonstrated during the Phase I program, with the relevant signal processing algorithms also developed. A prototype pulsed laser vibrometer for landmine detection in battlefield environments will be developed during the Phase II research program.

AMETHYST RESEARCH, INC. 701 South Broadway Tishomingo, OK 73460
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 227-9414 Dr. Weiliang Xu ARMY 04-119 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Passivation of Dislocation Defects by Hydrogenation for High Performance Longwave Infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe on Silicon
Abstract:	For reasons primarily related to a lack of a suitable lattice matched substrate and the need to integrate with Si ROIC's, there is a need for delivery of low defect density HgCdTe epilayers on Si. Despite the significant lattice mismatch between Si and HgCdTe several US companies have demonstrated that it is possible to obtain high performance MBE grown MWIR (3-5 microns)-HgCdTe devices on large area Si substrates. This MWIR success cannot, however, be directly translated to LWIR (8-12 microns)-HgCdTe detectors because of their increased sensitivity to material etch pit density. Due to this, it is necessary to develop techniques for reducing and/or electrically neutralizing the defects originating at the substrate/epilayer interface. It is well established that hydrogenation can be used to passivate defects in III-V and group IV semiconductor materials. Very little work has been reported on the effects, electrical or otherwise, of hydrogenation of II-VI materials. In this Phase I we propose to study the effects of hydrogenation on the electrical activity of defects in MBE grown HgCdTe epilayers on Si(211)B substrates. The results obtained in Phase I will be used to optimize a process technology to enable fabrication of high performance MBE grown LWIR HgCdTe on Si. In Phase II a prototype focal plane array will be fabricated using the passivation process developed and the performance demonstrated by acquiring 77K imagery.

EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 771-0203 Dr. Paul Boieriu ARMY 04-119 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Performance Longwave Infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe on Silicon
Abstract:	It is critical in the field on infrared imaging to reduce array costs and simultaneously improve their performance. We propose to achieve both. The use of long wavelength infrared HgCdTe grown on Si substrates will reduce the array costs, increase its mechanical strength and permit the fabrication of larger area arrays than present-day technology based on bulk CdZnTe substrates. Performance enhancements result from the passivation of defects created by the lattice mismatch between HgCdTe and Si. We will develop a reliable method to passivate the electrical activity of defects such as dislocations in long-wavelength HgCdTe grown on Si. The success of this program will be demonstrated by the fabrication of high performance long-wavelength infrared detectors on Si substrates.

WAVEFRONT RESEARCH, INC. 616 West Broad Street Bethlehem, PA 18018
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 974-8977 Mr. Thomas A. Mitchell ARMY 04-120 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPACT LIGHTWEIGHT LWIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGER
Abstract:	The goal of this Phase I effort is to investigate, develop, and characterize a new class of high performance, compact, lightweight, LWIR hyperspectral imaging sensors enabled by an innovative design form and dispersing element technology that are suitable for use on uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs). The optical properties of these systems, including light gathering capability, spatial resolution, optical distortion, and other system parameters will be modeled and characterized, and estimates of performance metrics such as NEDT and NESR will be predicted.

LIGHTLINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 254 Marked Tree Rd. Needham, MA 02492
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 449-5297 Dr. Steven A. Lis ARMY 04-121 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Passive Ranging with Motion Detection
Abstract:	This program has the goal of using uncooled IR based sensor systems to provide real-time tracking of multiple objects in three dimensions. The goal includes operability in cluttered and realistic scene situations that are critical to military and surveillance applications. These goals are addressed by a novel approach to passive range determination that makes optimal use of the information carried by the optical wavefronts. The performance target for ranging is 1 meter resolution at a distance of 1000 meters from a single measurement. Precision range measurments with will be coupled with advanced tracking algorithms to provide real-time 3D scene interpretation. Because of the simplicity of the optical design and sophistication of available computer hardware, the complete system can have a form factor compatible with man-portable, or covert surveillance applications. Phase I program includes 1) model optical performance from accurate diffraction limited optical computer models, 2) develop software for coupling range information with motion detection and image tracking, 3) develop a detailed infrared system testing plan and 4) perform experiments verifying the fundamental range measurement method. A proposed Phase I Option program is aimed at incorporating wavefront coding into the 2D motion analysis system segment for advanced depth of field performance.

FOR3D., INC. 2627 Canterburry Drive Santa Rosa, CA 95405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 572-0789 Dr. Alan Shulman ARMY 04-122 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Innovative 3-D Imaging for Uncooled and Low Light Level Sensors
Abstract:	Target identification, hazard recognition, situational awareness, and predicting an intersection collision point between two moving trajectories are some of the tasks that can be impacted by a 3d visualization system for a soldier. Traditional 3d techniques require two viewpoints to create stereo in a specific moment in time. For3d has been pioneering techniques to create accurate 3d visualization based on historical data and movement from a single sensor. Parallax and convergence problems, headache, costs and lack of depth information are some of the problems that have been mitigated by For3d's approach. Although it is well known that with enough processing power accurate 3d depth maps can be calculated from a series of raster images, it is not yet practical for real time applications For3d proposes to utilize camera image data mining techniques and human perception capabilities to create an accurate 3d visualization of a soldiers environment and situational factors from a single camera and seamlessly register mission database infromation with the real world.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Fedor Dimov ARMY 04-123 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Viewbox Enhanced Wave-Guided Helmet Mounted Display Visor Optics
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for an ultrathin, wave-guided head-mounted display (HMD) for the Future Force Warrior (FFW), Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Viewbox Enhanced Wave-guided (VIEW) HMD technology based on our demonstrated aberration-compensated waveguide holographic optical element (HOE) technology. The proposed approach will display high resolution color imagery over a field-of-view (FOV) of up to 90 degrees with a large eye motion box (>10 mm), and see-through capability. In this system, highly off-axis waveguide holograms make possible thin, low-profile visor optics for the HMD. POC's commercial product, Light Shaping Diffuser, for illumination and a specially designed narrowband red-green-blue multiplexed holographic optical element demonstrated previously will largely prevent the chromatic and geometric aberration introduced by conventional HOEs and refractive optics. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of VEIW-HMD by producing a thin test plate, containing a tapered waveguide and three-color hologram that together will direct visual information from the miniature SVGA display into the soldier's eye. In Phase II POC plans to deliver a hardware prototype of an advanced wave-guided head-mounted display system.

MIGMA SYSTEMS, INC. 1600 Providence Highway Walpole, MA 02081
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 660-0328 Dr. Bo Ling ARMY 04-124 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Multi-Classifier Fusion and Nonparametric Decision for Landmine Detection
Abstract:	Traditional techniques to detect and remove landmines are both dangerous and time consuming. Very little technology is currently employed in the real world for the detection of landmines. Metal detectors are effective against metal-based landmines, but many mines are plastic cased. Landmines are divided up into two broad classes: antitank (AT) mines, which are designed to impede the progress of or destroy vehicles, and antipersonnel (AP) mines, which are designed to kill and maim people. Landmine comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. They can be square, round, cylindrical, or bar shaped. The casing can be metal, plastic, or wood. These characteristics make the landmine detection challenging. An effective mine detection system should be capable of using all available thermal, spectral and spatial differences for discrimination. The main objective of this project is the development and implementation of a new landmine detection system with classifiers based on surface shapes, textures, comprehensive feature vectors and spectral structures. We propose to develop a set of new nonparametric hypothesis test schemes based on cluster trending analysis and randomness test. A new unsupervised neural network is proposed to cluster measurement data. All classifiers will be fused based on our LIM-based optimal fusion method.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Vitaly Ablavsky ARMY 04-125 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Non-Uniformity Correction Algorithm Suite (NUCAS)
Abstract:	Warfighters depend on infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) sensors to detect and recognize targets in many situations. Unfortunately, modern IRFPAs still suffer from sensor non-uniformity, which can be even more limiting than low contrast or lack of resolution. To make matters worse, the non-uniform response exhibits temporal drift, making it impossible to perform a one-time calibration at the factory. There are two common techniques for non-uniformity correction: radiometric (which requires that the sensor be taken off-line for calibration) and scene based (using just the sensor data). Current scene-based non-uniformity correction techniques have limitations for static scenes as well as for dynamic scenes exhibiting complex motion. We propose to develop a suite of algorithms for non-uniformity correction. The starting point for this effort will be our real-time autonomous video enhancement system, which is capable of correcting numerous single- and multi-frame artifacts. We will use this system to develop algorithms for motion-based non-uniformity correction and for scene-based correction that is also radiometrically accurate. We employ a motion estimation algorithm that is sub-pixel accurate, can handle arbitrary changes in the scene and is robust to large amounts of noise. Lastly, we develop methods for handling scenes without any apparent motion.

IMAGECORP, INC. 6411 Ivy Lane #106 Greenbelt, MD 20770
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 220-2123 Dr. Qinfen Zheng ARMY 04-126 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Novel methods for Autonomous/Assisted Human Activity Modeling and Anomaly Detection
Abstract:	Recognition of human intention using infrared video sequences has applications in surveillance. Although motion trajectories extracted from IR sequences contain significant information about the underlying event, we need a methodology to connect trajectories and intentions. ImageCorp, Inc proposes to implement two deformable-shape based descriptions for characterizing human intentions. The first one is based on the factorization of motion trajectories in terms of basis shapes such that every activity is represented as a weighted sum of basis shapes. When a video is given, the method extracts motion trajectories and identifies the closest activity using a similarity measure. If an unforeseen event occurs, the corresponding motion trajectory will be poorly represented by the existing basis shapes and so will be seen as an outlier. The second approach uses statistical shape theory for modeling the mean shape of the configurations of moving humans and its deformation over time. The mean shapes are represented using Markov processes, which enable us to derive conditions for identifying similar intentions as well as abnormal ones. Both approaches lend themselves for operator intervention and on-line training. We will evaluate the effectiveness of these two approaches using in house data and any sponsor provided data.

RKF ENGINEERING 1229 19th Street NW Washington, DC 20036
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 463-1564 Dr. Jeffrey Freedman ARMY 04-127 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Modeling and Simulation of Spectral and Spatial Efficiency, Communications Bandwidth and Range Optimization and Security Performance in a Directional Networked Communications Environment
Abstract:	RKF Engineering proposes the development of a software simulation system for designing, analyzing, testing and optimizing dynamic, on the move, directional networks. The proposed system will accept target design goals, concepts and constraints and sequentially analyze all aspects of the communications system and control all components of the environment. A graphical programming language interface will facilitate quick scenario and network setup. Visualization and interactive capabilities will allow the user to monitor and guide the design progress. Central to this software simulation tool will be a cognitive engine that will automatically examine candidate architectures and approaches leading to the optimal network design that meets the required objectives. With hundreds or potentially thousands of free parameters the design optimization will be extremely difficult and will have to rely on one or more advanced artificial intelligence approaches to develop candidate designs.

SAN DIEGO RESEARCH CENTER, INC. 6885 Flanders Drive, Suite A-B San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 623-9424 Dr. Bo Ryu ARMY 04-127 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Multi-Tasking Assessment for Personnel Selection and Development
Abstract:	Develop, validate and demonstrate a highly usable and versatile modeling and simulation tool enabling extensive comparative study between a wide variety of design considerations of directional communications using focused antenna beams.

HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP. 12 Elizabeth Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-3343 Mr. Mitchell Shifrin ARMY 04-128 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Efficiency Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) Power Amplifiers For SATCOM
Abstract:	This proposal is presented in response to the SBIR solicitation number A04-128 entitled, "High Efficiency MMIC Power Amplifiers for SATCOM". This proposal calls for the development of narrowband high efficiency power amplifiers at 30 and 44 GHz. In particular the program goal is to improve amplifier PAE from 15-20% to 40-60%. This improvement is essential to reduce system cost and size by simplifying cooling requirements. The solicitation suggests as one possibility the use of ferroelectric capacitors as tuning networks to achieve the efficiency goal. This proposal presents an expanded list of all the factors that must be addressed to achieve the aggressive efficiency goal. These factors include the device characteristics, class of operation, MMIC passive element characteristics, fundamental and harmonic terminations, matching network topology and losses, drive ratio considerations, MMIC level thermal management and packaging considerations. Further, in communications applications it is also important to consider the modulation characteristics as average amplifier efficiency can be substantially improved by improving amplifier linearity. The Phase I effort will include process technology review and selection, device modeling and characterization, amplifier designs including consideration of factors listed above. The resulting designs will be fabricated and evaluated during the Phase II program.

JJW CONSULTING, INC. 455 commack road Deer Park, NY 11729
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 595-6602 Mr. Henry Paczkowski ARMY 04-128 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Efficiency Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) Power Amplifiers For SATCOM
Abstract:	JJW is proposing a development of high power millimeter wave MMIC amplifiers at both Ka and Q-Band to be used in the SATCOM antennas for the Warfighter Information Network-Tactical(WIN-T and the Multiband Integrated Satellite Terminals (MIST) programs. The objective of the program is to develop high efficiency(>40%) MMIC amplifiers with power output in the 1.5 to 2watt range. The frequency of the Ka-Band Amplifier is 30 to 31GHz and the Q-Band amplifier is 43.5 to 45.5GHz.The primary application is phased arrays for the Army-On-the-Move platforms where present power amplifiers have efficiencies that range from 15 to 20% that results in exceesive power consumption, thermal problems, and poor reliability due to high channel temperatures. Based on a technological comparision of semiconductor that could potentially be used for this program, MHEMT was shown to have the highest probability of meeting the program technical objectives.

EFFICIENT CHANNEL CODING 600 Safeguard Plaza, Suite 100 Brookyln Hts, OH 44131
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 635-1610 Dr. William Thesling ARMY 04-129 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Networked Micro-Radios for Micro-UAVs
Abstract:	In this proposed effort, Efficient Channel Coding (ECC) will validate various technologies and concepts for xSTREAM (eXtreme Streaming Transmitter-Receiver for Enhanced Application Micro-UAVs). xSTREAM is ECC's approach to enabling a self-contained, wireless, mobile, ad-hoc, power efficient communications for the US Army's Future Combat System Class II Micro-UAVs. The xSTREAM transceiver consists of a receiver for command and control and a transmitter for streaming of image, telemetry and other sensor data. The xSTREAM architecture is designed to be compatible within the architecture of the Joint Tactical Radio Systems (JTRS). The air interface waveforms will be based on the JTRS Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW) Low Probability of Intercept (LPI), Low Probability of Detection (LPD), and Antijam (AJ) waveforms. Extensions to these WNW Signals in Space (SiS), framing, and Medium Access Control (MAC) are provided to enable adaptive operation in a variable data rate and variable link conditions. Also, approaches to matching the variable data rate with variable rate image compression, header compression, and storage/playback will be investigated. Additionally, an onboard micro-network to provide a network from variable sensors and command interfaces will be developed. Finally, implementation techniques using the latest low-power programmable DSP and ASIC technologies will be applied to providing and miniature form-factor will be investigated. The result of the Phase I SBIR will be a conceptual design and hardware architecture for xSTREAM that can be prototyped in a Phase II SBIR.

KENT OPTRONICS, INC. 275 Martinel Dr., Suite W Kent, OH 44240
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(845) 897-0138 Dr. Le Li ARMY 04-130 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Laser Agile Multibeam Payload
Abstract:	This SBIR proposal introduces a stationary agile multi-Gb/s full field-of-regards (FOR) multi-beam multi-aperture optical beam steering modular (BSM) for military multimission hardware. With a near 4p field of regards (FOR), the BSM independently steers "N ? M" laser beams. It features compactness, fast slew rate, lightweight, low power consumption, and accurate beam pointing. The core component is a fast beam steering element featuring microsecond steering speed. When equipped with tunable lasers, the wavelength of each steered laser beam can be changed. The BSM can be readily integrated into current or future targeting, countermeasure, communication and tracking systems. It is expected that at the end of the Phase II program, the technical readiness level will reach 6. In Phase I, detailed design considerations will be given to the proposed BSM with emphasis on its future integration with the mentioned military systems. Performance aspects such as field of view, steered laser beam size, beam width, steering speed, beam number, laser power, and spectral tuning will be determined. The Phase I Option will start to develop the components for the BSM. In Phase II, prototype BSM will be developed and tested followed by Phase III commercialization for military as well as commercial applications.

MEGAWAVE CORP. PO Box 614, 200 Shrewsbury St. Boylston, MA 01505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 869-2700 Mr. Marshall Cross ARMY 04-131 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	RF (Radio Frequency) Communications for Unattended Ground Sensor and Munition Systems
Abstract:	This proposal describes our approach for the design of an UGS based small, innovative, conformal/flush antenna system covering the 225-500 MHz radio band that excites a linearly polarized wave along the earth and circularly polarized wave above approximately 10 degrees elevation angle. We will use a combination of structural (innovative shapes, sizes and helical wrapping techniques), novel nanotube loaded polymers as flexible, strong, lightweight, high dielectric loading materials to both reduce the antennas' dimensions and protect their elements. Also described is an efficient, accurate and innovative technique for both predicting 225-500 MHz link performance between UGS equipped with near-earth antennas and determining their optimum deployment density considering communications performance. Our proposed approach will adapt the recently formulated stochastic approach that is based on a "wandering photon" or random walk description of wave propagation which is capable of accurately calculating path loss using only two parameters: average obstacle density and average obstacle absorption coefficient for each UGS deployment area.

REMCOM, INC. 315 S. Allen St., Suite 222 State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 861-1299 Mr. Joseph Schuster ARMY 04-131 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Radio Frequency Communications for Unattended Ground Sensor and Munitions Systems
Abstract:	A comprehensive electromagnetic software suite is proposed for designing small, low-altitude VHF/UHF antennas for use in a network of unattended ground sensors. The software suite will use physics-based propagation models, including full wave FDTD, UTD, and Parabolic Equation methods to evaluate of the communication channel between the sensors and intelligent munitions. The proposed software tools will be the first of their kind that allow engineers to properly couple antenna designs to the local surrounding environment and propagation path. The propagation models will take into account hills, surface roughness, ground dielectric constants, foliage and building interactions. The software will be used to design small antennas for use on the sensor. At least one design will incorporate the use metamaterials to reduce the phyhsical size. All designs will optimize the launching of the surface wave along the ground-air interface. At least one design will also include a circularly polarized space wave for communication with airborne antennas.

SCALABLE NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 6071 Bristol Parkway; Suite 200 Culver City, CA 90230
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 338-3318 Dr. Richard Meyer ARMY 04-132 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Scalable, Multi-Paradigm Modeling Framework for accurate analysis of large, next generation networks
Abstract:	Hardware- and software-in-the-loop models offer an efficient and scalable approach for analysis of distributed C4ISR applications executing on heterogeneous networks. A virtual laboratory that integrates a small physical test-bed with a much larger simulated network, can incorporate realistic physical effects while simultaneously scaling the analysis to much larger networks than are physically accessible. The goal of this project is to develop PAMS, a PArallel, Multi-paradigm Modeling & Simulation environment for scalable, next generation networks. PAMS will provide a framework where distinct modeling paradigms (i.e., discrete event simulation models, analytical models, operational software, and physical networks) can be integrated seamlessly and interact with operational applications. Phase 1 of the project will produce a detailed design and a prototype implementation of the PAMS environment. A proof-of-concept demonstration will highlight use of PAMS for evaluation of Future Force network-centric technology components and applications in both virtual and live contexts. The communication scenario used for the Phase 1 demonstration will include communication obstacles, physical radios, and modeled RF propagation with terrain barriers, using a variety of military radio waveforms. The Phase 1 design will provide the basis for a Phase 2 implementation effort to analyze future radio networks with tens of thousands of components.

HYPRES., INC. 175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 592-1190 Dr. Deepnarayan Gupta ARMY 04-133 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	High Frequency Bandpass ADC Technology for Digitization at Ka/EHF-Band RF
Abstract:	HYPRES proposes to develop a novel superconducting delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for use in a military satellite communications (MILSATCOM) receiver. This ADC will directly digitize a 20 GHz microwave signal with a bandwidth of 1 GHz, using ultrafast rapid-single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) Josephson junction technology, with a sampling rate above 80 GHz, which is far beyond the current state-of-the-art in any technology. Such an ADC provides the core of a software-defined radio (SDR) receiver, permitting the replacement of multiple analog mixers, filters, and amplifiers with digital counterparts. In addition to reducing the number of discrete components, the superconducting receiver reduces the system noise temperature, thus increasing the G/T factor and improving the overall communications link. This project complements and leverages other HYPRES development projects for DoD involving digital receivers at lower frequencies, including similar bandpass ADCs centered at 1 GHz, 5 GHz, and 7.5 GHz.

MILLITECH LLC 29 Industrial Drive East Northampton, MA 01060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(413) 582-9620 Dr. Thomas Newman ARMY 04-134 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Multi-Band Satellite Terminal Feed Development
Abstract:	The proposed approach would be evaluate two existing tri-band feed designs (20/30/45) and chose an optimum tri-band approach. Then we will add a minimum of either X-band or Ku-band and evaluate the potential of adding both X and Ku bands into a single concentric feed design.

KUTTA CONSULTING, INC. 2525 W. Greenway Road, Suite 332 Phoenix, AZ 85023
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 896-1976 Mr. Ray Keeler ARMY 04-135 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Subterranean Communications for First Responders and the Military
Abstract:	Kutta will design a portable Subterranean Wireless Electronic Communications (SWEC) system that allows two-way, networked communications with up to 10 nodes through over 100 feet of solid rock per hop. At the end of the Phase 1 effort, Kutta will demonstrate the ability to send a picture and provide voice communications through a three-node system with a proven cave radio developed by Kutta's engineers. Kutta's proposal enumerates many innovative features that provide for hands-free voice/data/video communications well beyond the 100 ft of solid rock proposed in the solicitation. The Work Plan also calls for detailed research into optimum frequency ranges over a myriad of different media types (e.g. limestone, concrete, etc.) as well research and experimentation with numerous antenna configurations. Kutta's team also leverages a layered communications infrastructure being developed under another U.S. Army SBIR. The communications infrastructure is integrated with COTS self-healing multi-node network protocols to create a robust design. The Work Plan is designed to determine the required frequency ranges, antenna configurations, and COTS technologies (miniature CB-Radio and PDA) that will allow Kutta to eventually deliver a SWEC system that satisfies the (<8 cu. in.), weight (<8 oz.) and power (battery life > 48 hrs.) system requirements.

SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS & RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 6300 Gateway Dr. Cypress, CA 90630
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 224-4410 Dr. Denis Reidy ARMY 04-135 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	True Wireless Communications In Underground Environments and Other Non-Line-of Sight Applications
Abstract:	In previous modeling of the effect of soil properties on radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic communications, SARA, Inc. has shown a drop-off of electric-field strength versus distance through the ground at a nearly billion-fold reduction. Even average ground properties shield the electromagnetic source so thoroughly that there is little hope of using a wireless RF communications network sensitive enough to be able to communicate from and into buried structures, as the attenuation of electromagnetic fields underground is simply too great to consider their utility for wireless communications. What is required is a wireless method of communication that can effectively and consistently communicate to and from underground structures through hundreds of feet of earth, rock and even concrete. SARA, Inc. proposes here that magnetic-based communications appears practical for wireless communications in the challenging environments under consideration. SARA, Inc. has developed a way to effectively and consistently sense signals to and from underground structures using a magnetic source of reasonable power to penetrate a barrier with the ability to recognize the broadcast magnetic signal in the presence of background electromagnetic noise. As far as the magnetic transmitter is concerned, the existence of the soil is almost completely transparent to its ability to communicate to above ground sites. Furthermore, the attenuation of the magnetic source. These previous and ongoing efforts have validated the abilities of magnetic fields as new communication devices through the ground to desired ranges where standard RF communications fail.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Mr. Benjamin L. Burnett ARMY 04-136 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Intrusion Tolerance and Survivability for Army Mobile Tactical Networks
Abstract:	The Army's CERDEC has identified the need for enhancements to network intrusion tolerance/survivability capabilities of systems currently being developed under the Tactical Wireless Network Assurance (TWNA) program. To address the needs of CERDEC, Architecture Technology Corporation (ATC) brings over 4 years of directly related technology development experience in the areas of intrusion tolerance and network survivability and a proven track record delivering high quality products on these R&D efforts. ATC will leverage its considerable expertise in designing and building intrusion tolerance techniques for mobile wireless networks to develop survivability enhancements to the components and systems developed by the TWNA program. The Phase I effort will develop the design of TWNA survivability enhancements. The follow-on Phase II effort will build prototype implementations of these intrusion tolerance techniques that will be integrated within target systems identified by CERDEC.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Barry Polakowski ARMY 04-136 Awarded: 28DEC04
Title:	Computer Network Intrusion Tolerance and Survivability for Army Mobile Tactical Networks
Abstract:	Luna proposes to perform an intensive study of the Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC) Tactical Wireless Network Assurance (TWNA) program and recommend intrusion tolerance/survivability enhancements to the system. Specific areas of focus will be the Policy Management Server and the Bandwidth Broker functions. During the phase II effort the most promising techniques identified during the phase I shall be developed into a working software prototype.

JEM ENGINEERING, LLC 8683 Cherry Lane Laurel, MD 20707
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 317-1070 Mr. James Lilly ARMY 04-138 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Survivable Ballistic Antenna Radome
Abstract:	In this effort, a team comprising of JEM Engineering and the University of Delaware Center for Composite Materials proposes to develop multifunctional radomes for Future Combat Systems vehicle platforms that are capable of surviving ballistic impacts from small arms and similar threats. A concurrent design approach is proposed where composite materials that are capable of high levels of energy absorption will be evaluated as candidate materials in a radome design. A database of relevant material properties (dielectric and mechanical) will be developed to assist in material selection and design. Computational models will be developed for the radome to enable design iterations based on materials and geometry and used to predict both electromagnetic and ballistic performance. Representative composite panels based on the selected radome design, will be fabricated and tested. Electromagnetic performance will be quantified and used to validate the computational model. Quasi-static test methods will be used to evaluate energy absorption capability, with ballistic testing planned for the Option phase of the program. It is expected that Phase I will culminate in a prototype construction of a radome that can meet both the electromagnetic and ballistic requirements.

CFD RESEARCH CORP. 215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 726-4800 Dr. S. Krishnamoorthy ARMY 04-139 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	A Novel, Bio-inspired Advanced Microfluidic Power System (BioAMPS)
Abstract:	Our objective is to develop (model, design, fabricate and test) a novel, Bio-inspired Advanced Microfluidic Power System (BioAMPS) to extract energy from biofuels. Unlike conventional technologies, BioAMPS will be compact/lightweight, require little or no logistical support (re-supply), reusable and eco-friendly. Phase I will deliver a biobattery system Product Design Requirement (PDR) document and demonstrate a system platform capable of delivering several mW-hr/cc of power. This is accomplished via several innovations: (a) MEMS/microfluidics-based architecture; (b) proprietary anode-cathode system that can reduce overall system weight significantly; (c) specially engineered electrodes for maximum electron transfer; and (d) simulation-based design of layout/geometries and protocols for maximizing performance. An ongoing research DoD funded effort focused on fundamental technology development of the power element will be leveraged in this study. The Phase I option will focus on system engineering and design optimization of individual components and operational protocols. The Phase II goal is an optimized lightweight biobattery system (with integrated power element, fuel supply, waste unit) that delivers 250 mW-hr/cc of sustained electricity for low power applications in the Objective Force Warrior (OFW) suite. Motorola and other organizations have expressed a strong interest in similar technology for commercial applications. A multidisciplinary team with proven expertise in biomicrosystems engineering, bioelectrochemistry and microfabrication has been assembled.

NANODYNAMICS, INC. 901 Fuhrmann Blvd. Buffalo, NY 14203
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(832) 978-4386 Mr. Douglas P. DuFaux ARMY 04-140 Awarded: 22DEC04
Title:	Low-Cost CNT Obscurants from Vehicle/Aircraft Exhaust and Diffusion Flames
Abstract:	Although visual obscurants ("smoke screens") have a long history on the battlefield, use of infrared obscurants (IROs) is comparatively new. IROs are required when the enemy possesses IR based equipment (e.g., thermal sights and heat seeking missiles). Because recent developments have greatly increased the availability of such equipment to numerous military (and non-military groups) around the world, the need for advanced IROs is becoming increasingly important. Although numerous IROs are available, most have limited performance and suffer from environmental and health issues. Among the most promising technologies for future IROs is the carbon nanotube (CNT). In fact, the U.S. Army believes that CNTs may increase IRO effectiveness by approximately a factor of ten. However, currently available CNT production technologies are expensive; and because production cannot be practically implemented in the field, dispersion will prove difficult due to high self-adhesion energies of CNTs. The proposed SBIR program will lead to field deployable production technologies based on traditional low-cost combustion chemistries and equipment. The proposed Phase I will demonstrate direct production of aerosolized CNTs as well as their potential as obscurants. Moreover, the proposed program will lead to low-cost production technologies based on vehicle/aircraft exhaust, resulting in on-demand production of CNT obscurants.

SOUTH BAY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CORP. 7525 W. 81st St., Playa del Rey, CA 90293
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 378-4156 Dr. David B. Cohn ARMY 04-141 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Ultra-Compact Carbon Dioxide Laser For Chemical Sensor
Abstract:	Previously, CO2 laser transmitters were designed for sensors with ranges on the order of 10-15 km, applicable primarily to fixed site defense. These lasers with their high output energies were relatively large and heavy. Important new scenarios have emerged that place severe restrictions on sensor size and weight, including manportable, unmanned aerial vehicle, and agile ground vehicle deployments. For these applications, an ultra-compact CO2 laser is required. Tradeoffs between various CO2 laser types will be performed, including present and extrapolated characteristics, multiple pulse detection statistics, and wavelength shifting techniques.

REDONDO OPTICS, INC. 2803 Faber Street Redondo Beach, CA 90278
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 292-7673 Dr. Edgar A. Mendoza ARMY 04-142 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Airborne Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging System for Remote Sensing of Chemical
Abstract:	Redondo Optics Inc. (ROI), a world leader in engineering and manufacturing of leading-edge optical sensors and advanced monitoring instrumentation proposes to develop and demonstrate an airborne fluorescence lifetime imaging (SeePhaseT) system for the remote, real time identification and measurement of chemical and biological fluorescent markers in the battle field that are indicative of potential threats to the war fighter. The fluorescence lifetime of the target fluorophores is measured using the principle of "frequency-domain" or "phase-locked" detection, a method that is totally insensitive to the excitation or fluorescence emission light intensity levels as well as insensitive to any background stray light. The detected lifetime signals are processed using fast software algorithms and displayed in real time in a spatially resolved 3-dimensional fluorescent lifetime image of the battlefield. As world governments have become more attentive to the potential threat of chemical and biological weapons, a premium has been place on technologies capable of reliably identifying airborne threats. The SeePhaseT system will readily find applications in the military for the protection of warfighters as well as in civilian and government institution for first-time responders and civilian protection.

NOVA ENGINEERING, INC. 5 Circle Freeway Drive Cincinnati, OH 45246
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 554-5040 Mr. Jim Agniel ARMY 04-143 Awarded: 07JAN05
Title:	Self Calibrating, Self Locating Seismic-Acoustic Sensor System
Abstract:	The ability to process seismic and acoustic data in order to estimate the range and bearing to a target is an important component of current remote ground sensing efforts. The accuracy of these estimates can be enhanced by networking multiple transducers and performing collaborative source localization, but such systems can be difficult to use and limited in their accuracy, size and capacity. We propose developing S-CLASS, a seismic and acoustic data collection system comprising many wireless satellite sensors and a central acquisition and processing resource. The coordinating resource controls connection admission, transmission timing and a human-machine interface. The sensor nodes each transmit up to four independent channels of sensed data to the coordinating resource, which applies a time and frequency correction function to all data channels to synchronize the data records relative to each other. The sensor network uses synthetic calibration signals to discover the positions of all its constituent nodes with great accuracy, and to calibrate the range and line of bearing measurements computed by the network.

THE ILLINOIS CONNECTION, INC. 1719 Lincoln Road Champaign, IL 61821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 649-1924 Dr. Stephen D. Downing ARMY 04-144 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Self-Powered Sensors for Structural Assessment of Bridges
Abstract:	The primary objective of the Illinois Connection's Phase I work will be to develop a pre-prototype of a complete military load classification system for bridges. The system will consist of easy-to-install smart sensors that provide information to enhance the analytical calculations necessary for an accurate military load classification and easy-to-operate software to perform the correct calculations, help identify the bridge type, control the network of sensors, and provide guidance as to the most effective placement of the sensors. Our experienced team of investigators represents disciplines in mechanical engineering, failure analysis, electronics design, intuitive software design and MEMS fabrication technology.

DECISIVE ANALYTICS CORP. 1235 South Clark Street, Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 414-5002 Dr. James Nolan ARMY 04-145 Awarded: 29DEC04
Title:	Course-of-Action Forecasting
Abstract:	The Army Commander is currently overwhelmed with data and lacks techniques to turn this information into actionable intelligence. This "data rich, knowledge poor" environment requires the appropriate set of tools to parse the incoming data stream, identify concepts and their relationships, and turn it into knowledge - enabling the Commander to forecast the enemy's possible courses-of-action. The DAC Team proposes an Intelligent Agent solution to this problem. Our approach includes agents that perform natural language and ontology processing, spatio-temporal data mining, resource management and prioritization, and hypothesis management of possible courses-of-action through the use of Bayesian Networks. The approach is built on DAC's Agent Intelligence Platform (AIP), a distributed agent architecture that provides information fusion capabilities. This SBIR will extend AIP through the development of capabilities to support: spatio-temporal data mining, automated Bayesian Network management, and a "Value of Information" calculation providing the Commander with a measurement of the value of gathering additional information against a hypothesis versus acting on the current belief state.

MILCORD LLC 1050 Winter Street, Suite 1000 #10008 Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(207) 581-2180 Dr. Peggy Agouris ARMY 04-145 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	Course-of-Action Forecasting
Abstract:	Intelligence contains adversary course-of-action plans embedded into unrelated information sources. This information in ASCII format often contains nothing more than subject and title, thus requiring tagging. Source material is almost always dated, or time stamped. Likewise, source data may be spatially enabled with a geographic location and if it is not, it can be linked via a gazetteer. Exploration of spatial data mining and temporal data mining has been carried out mostly independently in the knowledge discovery research community although the object-oriented machine learning algorithms can certainly be adapted to both. Here we propose to develop a geospatial pattern recognition and tracking system based on our spatiotemporal similarity metrics and learning agent expertise using the information extraction platform of Inxight Software. Our system will extract geospatial entities, concepts and facts (e.g. people, places, things, events, relationships) from the unstructured intelligence data, classify the extracted data into taxonomies of topics for more targeted information access, enable the intelligence analyst visualize and explore the geospatial data with graphical and text-based browsing, concept and full-text search. In essence, we model the information extraction platform outputs with a belief network that tracks the identified geospatial patterns and provides COA forecast.

NOVAWAVE TECHNOLOGIES 230A Twin Dolphin Drive Redwood City, CA 94065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 610-0956 Dr. Stephen Holler ARMY 04-146 Awarded: 30DEC04
Title:	Real-Time Single Particle Bioaerosol Detector
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I proposal seeks to develop a real-time instrument for measuring the angular scattering patterns from individual aerosol particles, and discriminate among them using advanced multivariate algorithms. The system is designed to be a modular instrument that can be incorporated in HVAC systems to provide a trigger technology for biocide countermeasures. In addition, the system may be incorporated into various bioaerosol fluorescence-based instruments, e.g., the Joint Biological Point Detection System (JBPDS), or complement existing monitoring programs, e.g., BioWatch, to provide additional discrimination capabilities. The Phase I research will demonstrate the feasibility of the approach through comprehensive laboratory experiments. The ability to discriminate among aerosols, and particularly to identify biological aerosols in a non-biological ambient background, will be quantified, and the performance of the anticipated Phase II prototype will be extrapolated based on the Phase I results. In addition, critical subcomponents will be identified and the Phase II prototype designed. The proposed core technology has numerous applications in commercial venues such as air quality monitoring and homeland defense.

MICROENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 604 West Evergreen Blvd. Vancouver, WA 98660
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(360) 694-3704 Mr. Joseph Birmingham ARMY 04-147 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Capture and Kill Microstructured Oriented Fiber (MOF) Filter
Abstract:	MicroET in conjunction with NanoScale Materials proposes to develop a universal approach to filtering particulate hazards for building applications. MicroET proposes to extract biological and submicron-chemical materials from air to capture, kill, and identify the presence of pathogens and toxic particle hazards. We propose to accomplish this filtering in building environments with a microstructured platform that facilitates size-selective aerosol sampling at minimal pressure drops. The building air flow contains airborne particulate and submicron-chemicals that pose difficulties for conventional fiber-based filters such as high efficiency air particle (HEPA) filters. The proposed strategically arranged coated (fiber optic-like) microstructures utilizing electric fields facilitates the efficient capture of particle hazards. The deposited sample on the microstructured array serves as a universal collection surface suitable for interrogation by multiple identification techniques. The proposed miniature platform that facilitates the retention of hazardous chemical and biological species extracted from air is described as a microstructured oriented fiber (MOF) filter. The chemical/biological MOF filter system retrofits into ventilation systems and would capture hazardous particles in the 1-10 micron size. The addition of electrostatic fields to a row of microstructures within the array allows submicron aerosols to be captured.

BRUSH MOUNTAIN TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 939 McBryde Lane Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 951-8867 Dr. Rick Wright ARMY 04-148 Awarded: 28DEC04
Title:	Method and Device for Determining Unknown Passageway Geometries using Acoustic Reflectometry
Abstract:	Acoustic reflectometry is a promising method of determining the geometry of unfamiliar passages, which can be described as an acoustic waveguide. In its basic form, this technique measures the acoustic pressure fluctuations generated by cross-sectional area changes in the waveguide. Knowing the time difference between the initial excitation of the waveguide and the magnitude of the reflected acoustic pressure pulse will give an estimate of the distance from the acoustic source, the area change at this distance, and potentially other geometric features which will be discussed further in this proposal. To that end, Brush Mountain Technologies will develop a method and device based on acoustic reflectometry to reconstruct waveguide geometries and will provide: 1. Models of acoustic input impedance of several simple cave/pipe/duct geometries to investigate the effect of geometry on impulse response. 2. Acoustic reflectometry signal processing algorithms to determine cave/pipe/duct geometries. 3. Demonstration of a prototype PC-based acoustic reflectometry device to determine cave/pipe/duct geometries. 4. (Phase I Option) Experimental testing prototype acoustic reflectometry device on more realistic geometries.

RH LYON CORP. 691 Concord Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 864-7260 Dr. Richard H. Lyon ARMY 04-148 Awarded: 30DEC04
Title:	Remote Acoustical Reconstruction of Cave and Pipe Geometries
Abstract:	Soldiers and rescue workers are frequently asked to enter the underground passages of caves, tunnels, and piping (C/T/P) systems. The layout is unknown, increasing the danger. A system that would provide a map of the geometry could be very helpful in such cases. We propose to determine the feasibility of a system based on reflected sound waves that can be placed at the opening to the C/T/P complex and provide such a map. The feasibility of such a system has been shown for medical applications in which the passage cross-sectional area vs. distance can be mapped. Our own measurements of the reflected waves in a laboratory table top experiment provide additional confirmation of the proposed method. It is the goal of the proposed research to 1) demonstrate the basic performance through laboratory studies, 2) test certain enhancements expected to improve the performance, and 3) to prepare for a system suitable for measurements in a field situation.

LYNNTECH, INC. 7607 Eastmark Drive, Suite 102 College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 693-0017 Dr. Adrian Denvir ARMY 04-149 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Covert Engineering Techniques Using Electrokinetic Technology
Abstract:	With increasing numbers of US Military personnel engaged in overseas missions the Army Corps of Engineers are involved in the construction of necessary runways, bridges, and other structures needed for the rapid forward deployment of troops. Many of these construction endeavors will require altering the physical properties of the soil surrounding the construction site such as dewatering or soil hardening. Conventional techniques for soil treatment require the use of mechanical pumps and heavy equipment that are impractical for application associated with rapid troop deployment or covert operations. Electrokinetic processing of soils and other porous media is an emerging, innovative technology alternative. It is a method that requires minimum logistics support and is easy to install making it very attractive for use in conjunction with forward troop deployments. During phase I Lynnetch we perform a series of pre field demonstrations of how electrokinetics can be utilized for geochemical engineering. In Phase II these techniques will be demonstrated on a larger field scale. These demonstrations will be used to attract Phase III customers.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. Senerath Palamakumbura ARMY 04-150 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Electrokinetic Chem/Bio Filter(1000-571)
Abstract:	Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to develop an innovative low air resistance filter with countermeasure capability against chemical and biological warfare agents, including the ability to electrochemically produce sanitizing gases. The filters have embedded capture and decontamination functionalities and hence are functional even in the absence of electro chemical generation of biocides. This low cost and wide area fabrication technique enables extended active surface area for decontamination within the building HVAC systems to further increase decontamination efficiency. The proposed method is compatible with HVAC filters with little or no hindrance to airflow.

INSIGHTFUL, INC. 1700 Westlake Ave N, Suite 500 Seattle, WA 98109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(206) 283-8802 Dr. Jisheng Liang ARMY 04-151 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	GeoText
Abstract:	The purpose of this project is to develop a complete geographic text processing system for tagging place names in text files and spatially visualizing the results. While tools exist for automatically identifying place names in text, this effort focuses on significantly improving the current capabilities within the context of an end-to-end system. The proposed system will support three operations: 1) automatic recognition and tagging of geographic names in text files, 2) interactive editing of the tagged text files, and 3) synchronized visualization of the text with a map display. Our approach to geo-entity recognition is based on a combination of deep linguistic analysis, statistical, and knowledge-based techniques. We extract attributes and relationships that are associated with a candidate and use them as constraints to resolve ambiguity associated with the location name. We will develop a curator interface that provides editing capability for the user to process 'dirty geotext' to create correctly tagged 'clean geotext'. The user will be able to view the tagged text document, while seeing the associated geographic features drawn on a synchronized map display.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(206) 545-1478 Mr. Terrance Goan ARMY 04-151 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Streamlining the Production and Visualization of Error-Free Geospatially Grounded Text Documents
Abstract:	We propose to streamline the production of `self-mapping' documents through the tight integration of evidence-driven automated tagging with a mixed-initiative approach to tag validation and editing. The proposed system, GeoDoc, will deviate substantially from the traditional corpus driven approaches to geospatial metadata generation in order to address the unique issues involved in producing error-free geospatially grounded documents. In particular, we will address accuracy issues by adopting a new model of evidence integration that will allow us to move away from the current practice of ad hoc heuristic combination while exploiting extra-linguistic indicators when available. With that said, the design of GeoDoc is predicated on the fact that within this task, the ultimate measure of system efficacy is the level of human-effort required to produce error-free documents. In particular, we will exploit our reasoning process to support a new cooperative model of editing wherein the system orders editing decisions so as to reduce overall uncertainty in its tagging and thereby reduce document validation time. Documents produced with GeoDoc will support new modes of visualization(and other services), offering substantial value to the information consumer. Phase I will prove the feasibility of our overall approach via prototype.

EARTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 2453 Atwood Ave. Madison, WI 53704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(608) 334-5460 Mr. Daniel Rooney ARMY 04-152 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Rapid Soil Texture Classification Using the Soil Imaging Penetrometer
Abstract:	Soil texture is a critical soil information input to site suitability, mobility, counter-mine, and engineering models. Traditional methods of obtaining soil information are inefficient, inconsistent, and could require time-consuming and expensive laboratory analyses. In addition, a high level of soil expertise may be required on-site. A soil imaging system could provide a more efficient and consistent means of collecting and delivering soil texture, structure, and composition information, while avoiding expensive laboratory analysis and the need for on-site experts. Funding is requested to improve the existing EarthIT Soil Imaging Penetrometer system so that it could be rapidly deployed in diverse environmental conditions with an ATV-based delivery system, acquire in-situ soil imagery using integrated data collection software and electronics, analyze the imagery using advanced image processing techniques, automatically classify the soil to USCS texture categories based on metrics derived from image processing, and deliver texture classification and sample images to soil experts and decision makers via an encrypted network. EarthIT anticipates that the imaging system will be integrated with other environmental information gathering technologies (e.g. GPS, GIS, ground and airborne sensors, predictive models) to create a complete Soil Information System for commercialization in military, agriculture, turf, forestry, construction, and environmental science applications.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Sergey Sandomirsky ARMY 04-152 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Soil Texture Classification Imaging System
Abstract:	To meet the U.S. Army need for innovative technology for the automatic, precise classification of soil texture types, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new SOil Texture Classification Imaging System (SOTCIS). The SOTCIS is based on a two-level interconnected architecture: a Prediction Level and a Measurement Level. At the Prediction Level the system will generate expected soil texture types and recommendations for methods of measuring soil properties relevant to the inferred soil landscape. Data collected at the Measurement Level at the site along with GPS positioning information will be saved in Army GIS-compliant format. SOTCIS will be a tool for collecting soil texture data for Army GIS. In Phase I POC will design and select relevant software and databases for development of the Prediction Level subsystem, and will develop two major elements at the Measurement Level: an imaging multispectral module (IMM) and soil shear strength module (SSM). At the end of Phase II, POC will deliver the entire SOTCIS prototype for integration with a moving ground platform and field testing.

ADA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 8100 Shaffer Parkway, Suite #130 Littleton, CO 80127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 792-5615 Ms. Lynette Laffea ARMY 04-153 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	Scalable Wireless Geo-Telemetry Capability for Miniature Smart Sensors
Abstract:	Lack of accurate geo-positioning (GPS) information integrated within the miniature footprint of a wireless sensor handicaps rapid ad-hoc deployments. Self-mapping data analysis tools, as a result, do not dynamically display measurements real-time. In a battlefield or situation requiring rapid deployment and situational awareness, this is unacceptable. ADA Technologies proposes to address this need by developing a system to gather information from ad-hoc networks of miniature smart sensors for tactical display to decision-makers. This system features a sensor module incorporating miniature wireless communication and GPS capability with capacity to accommodate various sensor elements to detect a wide range of parameters. Spatially tagged information is gathered via an ad-hoc network from these sensor modules distributed in a monitored space. A final element of the system is a software package to spatially integrate the data automatically for dynamic mapping and data presentation. Phase I will develop a sensor node that incorporates GPS information and transmits this information to a server that builds a dynamic 2D display of the network, sensors and data status. Phase II improves the Phase I system with expanded sensor and display capability and further miniaturization of the ad-hoc network sensor node, and dynamically present analyzed data in an interactive 3-4D display.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Dr. Charles J. Jacobus ARMY 04-153 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Scalable Geo Telemetry Network
Abstract:	We will develop a scalable low bandwidth network to automatically collect, process, archive, and disseminate information that supports/enhances training and readiness, safety, security, and environmental management. As a common substrate to this network we will develop and demonstrate a Geo Telemetry Unit (GTU) that will include a power source, GPS WAAS Receiver and Zigbee based wireless telemetry for mesh networking. The GTU will connect to a wide range of sensors. The vision is an integrated and automated network of operational meteorological, oceanographic, acoustic/seismic and security sensors located through large areas. At the monitoring installation, automated tools will be developed to overlay the data from these sensors in a GIS. The GTUs will also be controlled and monitored from these installations. The Phase I will also include development and demonstration of Gateways, to interconnect different networks. Gateways will also be used for any larger bandwidth requirements due to aggregation of data from several sensors before reaching the centralized monitoring station. When GPS signal is not available, utilization of RF ranging and pseudo-satellites will be considered.

PROPAGATION RESEARCH ASSOC. 1711 Indian Ridge Dr. Woodstock, GA 30189
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(770) 617-9082 Dr. Brian Stevens ARMY 04-154 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Precision Pulse Positioning System
Abstract:	Propagation Research Associates, Inc., (PRA) proposes a Precision Pulse Positioning System (3PS) technology that provides a multi-function capability for force protection including the guidance of multiple low-cost blue interceptors engaging multiple targets, the resolution of the blue air picture, and the precision approach mission for blue aircraft. PRA proposes to develop an optimal guidance methodology for guiding multiple interceptors to multiple targets that maximizes total probability of hit. The 3PS concept addresses the need for low cost precision guidance and control of interceptors by creating what is essentially a localized GPS with the purpose of locating interceptors and targets in a radar energy field. Through the use of unique waveforms transmitted from distributed antennas, interceptors can compute a guidance solution to the target with minimal impact on radar resources. Some of additional advantages to 3PS are, 1) 3PS does not require the fire control radar to communicate with or track the interceptor, 2) 3PS allows for the guidance solution to be computed onboard the interceptor allowing for high guidance update rates that do not affect radar duty, and 3) 3PS can be implemented on blue rotary and fixed wing aircraft for precision approach and/or blue air picture definition.

PHASE IV SYSTEMS, INC. 3405 Triana Boulevard Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 535-2159 Mr. Michael Pressnel ARMY 04-155 Selected for Award
Title:	Low Cost Adaptive/Programmable Waveform Generator
Abstract:	During Phase I and the Phase I Option of this SBIR, Phase IV System will build a two-channel prototype arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) capable of playing scripted waveforms with an operational bandwidth design goal of 500 MHz. The AWG that will be delivered at the end of the Phase I Option will be a single digital board that will reside in a 6U x 160mm VME chassis. During Phase II, two two-channel prototype AWGs will be integrated with a vector modulator to achieve an output operational bandwidth approaching 1 GHz (double the operational bandwidth of a single AWG). The prototype will be based on previous AWG work performed by Phase IV Systems for the U. S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command under the Radar Component Technology Contract. The AWG operated at a maximum clock speed of 1.5 GHz, with an operational bandwidth of over 1 GHz. During the development of the Waveform Generator, Phase IV Systems gained valuable experience in the area of high-speed logic design, such as the time alignment of the bits and lay-out issues such as equalizing trace lengths. Phase IV will use the expertise gained in building the AWG for SMDC in developing a smaller, low-cost AWG for the Army.

STONE ENGINEEING CO. 2227 Drake Avenue, Suite 26 Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 881-8004 Dr. Brian A. McDonald ARMY 04-156 Awarded: 06JAN05
Title:	On-Demand Gas Generator with Real-Time, Open-Loop Control System for Gel Propulsion
Abstract:	The Army has a continuing need to improve the propulsion performance flexibility of missile systems for multi-mission tactical applications and bipropellant gel propulsion systems over the maximum flexibility. Bipropellant propulsion systems require pressurized tanks to expel fuel and oxidizer, thus the tank pressurization system must accommodate the flexibility required of the propulsion unit. Conventional approaches to on-demand tank pressurization have disadvantages: pressure measurement and feedback (transducer reliability) or a pressure regulator (heavy and bulky). A self-regulating bootstrap system would avoid the controllability issues without requiring an external source for gas generator pressurization, avoiding hazardous high pressure bottles or the need for external power. Stone Engineering Company proposes to investigate such a gas generator system in the context of a small (7-inch), volume limited missile application requiring a high degree of on-demand flexibility. The design approach will be based on differential area pistons, either in a two-stage design or a single stage with bellows. This first phase will consist of preliminary design, analysis, and simulation. The simulation will be the primary tool for determining the component sizes and control arrangement for stable operation. Selection among design alternatives will be based on packaging volume and producibility.

VALCOR ENGINEERING CORP. 2 Lawrence Road Springfield, NJ 07081
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 467-8400 Mr. Richard Kelly ARMY 04-156 Selected for Award
Title:	On-Demand Gas Generator with Real-Time, Open-Loop Control System for Gel Propulsion
Abstract:	The proposed Phase I objective is to develop a compact, light on-demand gas generator design featuring a passive control system to maintain the pressure driving gel propellant pistons within 3%. The proposing firm is Valcor Engineering Corporation, a qualified small business with operations in Springfield, New Jersey. Subcontracted to Valcor is Gencorp Aerojet, with headquarters in Sacramento, California. In the Phase I and Option Programs, Valcor will perform the system design (with analytical support from Aerojet) and the liquid regulator preliminary design. Aerojet will perform the catalyst bed design. The Valcor Liquid Regulator heritage stems from our V4000-157 design, with its � 2% regulation band proven on the Aerojet (Primex) Warm Gas Pressurization System (US Army Missile Defense Program). Aerojet has extensive experience in the design and development of gas generator subsystems, monopropellant thrusters, and gel propulsion systems. Aerojet performed trade studies under US Army funding on gel propulsion systems for missions of Non-line-of-sight Launch System (NLOS LS) and Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS). The Phase I effort culminates with a Preliminary Design Review including a Program Plan for Phase II. The Phase I Option Program will focus on the detailed design of heavyweight components for Phase II.

SURMET CORP. 33 B Street Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 272-3969 Dr. Lee M. Goldman ARMY 04-157 Selected for Award
Title:	Protective Coating for ZnS Windows & Domes
Abstract:	Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is an attractive candidate for missile windows and domes because of its broadband optical transparency. However, ZnS is a relatively soft and weak material (compared to Sapphire, ALON and Spinel) and is therefore subject to erosion damage when exposed to the rigors of environmental loading, during captive carry as well as high speed missile flight. Surmet proposes a two-layer coating system consisting of an outer durable, abrasion resistant, oxide coating (~0.5-1.5 ??m), deposited over a thick (3-10 ??m) strengthening/hardening layer (e.g., silicon for LWIR or SiN, SiC, SiON, SiCON for extended MWIR applications). The hard outer layer provides anti-reflection (AR) function, abrasion resistance and oxidation protection while thicker layer increases the strength/hardness of the underlying substrate. The oxides of interest include ZrO2, HfO2 and Y2O3. The effort will begin with the reactive sputter deposition of ZrO2 and HfO2 coatings. For Y2O3, Surmet will adapt its plasma assisted-chemical vapor deposition (PA-CVD). Surmet has already established PA-CVD process for thicker (3-10 microns) strengthening/hardening layer. A series of coatings with different thickness ratios of the outer oxide and inner strengthening/hardening layers will be characterized for optical properties, hardness, strength, abrasion and rain erosion resistance, thermal stability and oxidation protection.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-6900 Dr. Rabi S. Bhattacharya ARMY 04-157 Selected for Award
Title:	Nano-Layered Protective Coating for ZnS Windows and Domes
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovative Research Phase I project explores the feasibility of depositing nano-layered protective coatings for ZnS windows and domes. Nano-layered superlattice consisting of two optically transparent hard materials will be designed for transmission to cover the multispectral ZnS window. Materials will be selected based on hardness and optical absorption. The superlattice will be fabricated by using magnetron sputtering. The coatings will be thoroughly characterized in terms of their durability and transmission under rain and sand erosion test conditions.

ACELLENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 155C-3 Moffett Park Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 745-1188 Dr. Shawn Beard ARMY 04-158 Selected for Award
Title:	Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) of Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) using structural health monitoring
Abstract:	Monitoring the continued health of aircraft subsystems and identifying problems before they affect airworthiness has been a long-term goal of both the U.S. military and commercial aviation industry. Structural health monitoring (SHM) can provide a paradigm shift from schedule-driven maintenance to condition-based maintenance (CBM) of assets. The proposed project will focus on the development of a Condition Based Maintenance system for Unmanned Air Vehicles using a built-in structural health monitoring system. Phase I will primarily focus on optimizing the number of sensors and developing an innovative interface between reliable and accurate diagnostic structural information and prognostic models that is applicable to composite and metal structures used in unmanned air vehicle (UAV) platforms. The proposed development will provide the means to significantly reduce maintenance/inspection costs, and enhance the reliability, efficiency and readiness of UAV structures. Boeing strongly supports the proposed development and has agreed to assist with the sensor optimization, interface development and application of Acellent's SHM technology to their platform designs.

ANALATOM, INC. 562 Weddell Drive, Suite 4 Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 734-9392 Dr. Trevor Niblock ARMY 04-158 Awarded: 18DEC04
Title:	Unmanned Air Vehicles Diagnostics/Prognostics
Abstract:	An integrated Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) diagnostics/prognostics system will improve the affordability, survivability, and service life of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) by ensuring the performance and reliability of high value, critical components on-board the UAV. The detection, monitoring and prediction of structural and material degradation are critical diagnoses for maintaining efficiency and battle readiness. Using its existing SHM system platform presently being field tested by Boeing and Delta Air Lines, Analatom proposes to develop an integrated central health management system for UAVs using a combination of MEMS strain gauges, Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) corrosion sensors and a Texas Instruments (TI) MSP430 microprocessor for lower weight, power and cost requirements and higher sensitivity than conventional sensors. Data transmission and downloading will be accomplished through either a hardwired approach, or through wireless data links when assessment for final system implementation is completed. Use of Motorola neuRFonTM chip for a wireless, self-organizing network that has low power requirements would be investigated and pursued. The envisioned system will meet the cost and weight requirements for UAV applications by multiplexing low cost, microfabricated MEMS strain gauges, corrosion sensors; and data acquisition, processing and subsequent data transmission via wired or wireless interface for data downloading.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Dr. Phil Gatt ARMY 04-159 Selected for Award
Title:	Variable-Resolution Compact 3D Range Imaging Ladar
Abstract:	There is a need for an Obstacle Avoidance System (OAS) for small unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) to detect fixed obstacles (e.g., trees, buildings, and wires) and proximity to manned aircraft or other UAVs. Small UAVs impose many different constraints, such as flying close to the ground, and limited size, weight and power (SWAP) for system components and on-board processing. Therefore, obstacle avoidance sensors and signal processing hardware must be compact, lightweight, and moderate to low cost. CTI, proposes to design and develop a novel eyesafe, compact, lightweight, scaleable, dynamically configurable 3D camera with near even trades between field of view (FOV), frame-rates, range-resolution, and range-search interval, for UAV obstacle avoidance. This flexible approach allows a single device to be reconfigured "on the fly" for a wide variety of military and commercial applications. The proposed sensor will be capable of providing ~500 of 10-cm range resolution elements over 5 degree field of view with 500 urad angular resolution. In Phase I CTI will demonstrate sensor feasibility through extensive modeling and analysis, produce a preliminary design, and perform risk reduction experiments to demonstrate key aspects of the novel sensor design. In the Phase I Option, CTI will perform a detailed design. In Phase II CTI will build and demonstrate the prototype transceiver/signal-processor and conduct field tests at an Army test site. The proposed will leverage CTI's extensive experience in developing flight qualified laser radar systems.

MULTISPECTRAL SOLUTIONS, INC. 20300 Century Blvd. Germantown, MD 20874
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 528-1745 Dr. Robert Fontana ARMY 04-159 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative and Cost Effective Obstacle Avoidance/Navigation for Small Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Abstract:	Multispectral Solutions, Inc. (MSSI) proposes to develop an Ultra Wideband (UWB) radar to support small Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) collision avoidance sensing. This radar will leverage the recent MSSI perimeter intrusion detection radar development. The key features of the perimeter radar that are suitable for the UAV collision avoidance radar include: small size, demonstrated long range sensitivity against small RCS objects and low power. Based upon previous performance benchmarks, a small UAV radar will be capable to sense a wire over 100 meters in range. In Phase I, MSSI will build and test a prototype small UAV collision avoidance radar that leverages MSSI's proven perimeter intrusion radar technology. MSSI will also perform a systems study to examine the small UAV collision avoidance sensor requirements and system design. In the Option, MSSI will re-examine the systems study based upon the results of the prototype small radar and develop the plan for Phase II developments. The tasks that are on the roadmap toward a compact low cost radar will be selected for Phase II development.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Mr. Matthias H. Wollnik ARMY 04-160 Selected for Award
Title:	Constrained Automatic Anti-Tamper System (CAATS)
Abstract:	As warfare becomes more technology bound there is a growing threat of misappropriation of software that could disable or hinder US military activities. Constrained Automatic Anti-Tamper System (CAATS) is a complete system of software and infrastructure to deploy the strongest and most advanced combination of Anti-Tamper software protection techniques available targeted at the real-time embedded market. CapTor is the first automatic anti-tamper software protection tool to incorporate constraint checking and timing analysis to remove the requirement for tedious real-time analysis that currently has to be done by hand.

GRAMMATECH, INC. 317 N. Aurora Street Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 273-7340 Dr. David Melski ARMY 04-160 Selected for Award
Title:	Software Anti-Tamper for Real-Time Systems
Abstract:	Adversaries reverse engineer weapons systems to replicate a system's advanced capabilities or discover its weaknesses. The software in advanced civilian products is similarly reverse engineered by competitors. Many of these critical systems are real-time systems. The restrictions of real-time have a significant impact on the implementation of anti-tamper technology. This work will examine popular real-time operating systems and scheduling algorithms and develop anti-tamper technology that affects an application's timing in a predictable and acceptable way. The resulting system will (1) perform binary-to-binary transformations on programs to provide real-time software with state-of-the-art protection against reverse engineering and, (2) provide information about modifications to the timing characteristics of the program. Source-to-source transformations that offer extra protection will also be explored. As part of the Phase I work, some techniques will be incorporated into a prototype.

OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC. 4030 Spencer St, Suite 108 Torrance, CA 90503
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 371-4445 Dr. Nahum Gat ARMY 04-161 Selected for Award
Title:	Piezo Torquer Mechanism for Seeker Gimbal Cost Reduction
Abstract:	We propose to implement and demonstrate an inexpensive piezo actuator as the torquer for an existing seeker stabilized mount. OKSI will work closely with members of a major missile manufacturer in the US. We are confident this manufacturer's significant s eeker background coupled with OKSI's experi-ence, and recent applications of small piezo motors configured for rotary motion, will yield a practical and easily implemented cost reduction to seekers in general. The piezo motors will replace the conven-tionally used servo motors for gimbal actuation and position. The candidate piezo motors can provide higher energy densities than servo and stepper motors, have long lifetimes, and can withstand shock, vibration, and temperature extremes in both operation and storage. Under Phase-I we will develop and demonstrate the use of a piezo actuator acting as the torquer on an existing seeker stabilized mount system currently or previously produced by the aforementioned missile manufacturer. During the Phase-I Option we will address the control algorithms to optimize performance using this inexpensive technology. Under Phase-II we will implement this technology into a complete operational system currently in production and demonstrate a working seeker system in Hardware In the Loop (HWIL) testing.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Stephen Kupiec ARMY 04-162 Selected for Award
Title:	GPU Intensive Modular Cluster Rendering for Hardware In-the-Loop Sensor Simulation
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for a real-time physics-based near-infrared laser sensor scene generation system based on graphics processing unit (GPU) rendering algorithms, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new cluster accelerated simulation modular infrared (CASMIR) system based on GPU-intensive physics-based simulation algorithms exploiting both cluster- and node-level parallelism. The system takes full advantage of newly developed GPU architectures that combine highly programmable shading processors with hardware optimized to perform vector algebra, rapid table lookups, and other rendering operations. POC will also develop a novel form of cluster, combining a conventional Beowulf cluster with multiple PCI express (PCIe)-coupled GPU-based video cards in each node. Inter-node parallelism coupled with intra-node parallelism and the flexibility of GPU-based simulation enables CASMIR to perform real-time physics-based generation of high fidelity IR scenes. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the CASMIR system by means of a prototype cluster with intra- and inter-node parallelism. In Phase II POC plans to extend the CASMIR system to a high performance cluster capable of arbitrary IR simulation.

ACELLENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 155C-3 Moffett Park Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 745-1188 Dr. Amrita Kumar ARMY 04-163 Selected for Award
Title:	Autonomous Self-powered (ASP) Structural Health Monitoring system
Abstract:	Acellent Technologies proposes to develop a self-powered structural health monitoring system for use in monitoring of mission critical structures such as missiles or combat vehicles in the field. The proposed system will be completely autonomous having the capabilities for (1) Energy harvesting for self-power generation, (2) Integrated sensors for robustness, (3) Sensor self-calibration for improved reliability and (4) Real-time damage detection in both metal and advanced composite material structures. The basis for the development will be Acellent's SMART Layer technology that utilizes a network of sensor embedded in a thin dielectric film to query and monitor the integrity of a structure. Phase I will focus on proving feasibility of utilizing the energy harvested by a piezoelectric sensor network for structural health monitoring. The development will be conducted in close collaboration with The Boeing Company. The developed system will be extremely portable, will provide for convenience and automation of inspection and can reduce structural life-cycle costs.

AGINOVA, INC. 1184 Ocean Avenue, D-4 Sea Bright, NJ 07760
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 741-7065 Dr. Ashok Sabata ARMY 04-164 Selected for Award
Title:	In-situ Smart Corrosion Sensors for Army Missile Systems
Abstract:	Early detection of corrosion and its severity can help control corrosion initiated failures in wheeled vehicles and aviation assets. Although preventive maintenance and periodic inspections are required to minimize cost of corrosion these routine inspections are limited to external areas and can be subjective. If it was possible to develop a low cost corrosion sensor that would be able to remotely monitor the onset of corrosion and its severity in inaccessible areas there would be a significant impact in reducing the cost of corrosion and also improving the military readiness. We propose to test a myraid of corrosion sensors some available commercially and some developed in our labs. The sensors evaluated not only detect corrosion early but by continuosly monitoring can minimize excess corrosion related maintenance and inspection in Army missile systems and Aircraft applications. Corrosion detection will be achieved using sensors such as MAS probe, Wetness sensors, impedance sensors etc. depending on the system. Corrosion severity will be measured by continuously monitoring (remotely) either using low cost motes (wireless devices) or a datalogger depending on the application.

ANALATOM, INC. 562 Weddell Drive, Suite 4 Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 734-9392 Dr. Trevor Niblock ARMY 04-164 Selected for Award
Title:	Corrosion Sensors for Army Missile Systems and Aircraft Applications
Abstract:	Corrosion Health Monitoring Systems (HMS) and Prognostics are key to maintaining the performance and reliability of high value, critical structures. Army seeks to minimize life-cycle costs due to environmental degradation of nonmetallic materials and corrosion of metals for missile and aging aircraft components by early detection, monitoring and prediction of corrosion using a HMS that satisfies critical size, weight, power and location constraints, e.g. underneath paint layers, thereby requiring state-of-the-art in microsensor and electronic subsystem technologies. Combining its sensor products and a custom-designed 3M Flexicircuit, Analatom proposes to develop a Corrosion Monitoring system that is both practical and feasible for missiles and aircraft monitoring, consisting of a multiplexed system of several nodes that obtain data from several low cost, microfabricated corrosion and MEMS strain gauge sensors with real time intelligent algorithms to detect, monitor and predict corrosion rates; use simple integrated electronic components for sensor interfacing; low cost, off-the-shelf microcontroller chips for data acquisition and processing, and download the sensor network data to a central health management system. During Phase I, the architectural strategy and failure-mode prediction algorithms will be developed along with feasibility demonstration. Software and interface protocols issues will additionally be addressed during this effort.

COGNITECH CORP. 1060 East 100 South, Suite 306 Salt Lake City, UT 84102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 322-0101 Dr. Wendelll Duncan ARMY 04-165 Awarded: 21DEC04
Title:	Shelf Life Prediction of Rocket Motors
Abstract:	Stockpiles of weapons with composite rocket motors have been expensive to acquire. In the fortunate occurrence that these weapons are not used, they are too expensive to discard based upon simple expiration dates. However, use of these weapons can be dangerous if their integrity is compromised due to aging and deterioration. CogniTech proposes to build a software suite containing a graphical interface capable of evaluating and modeling the aging and deterioration of composite solid propellant rocket motors. This software will process sensor data from Remote Readiness Asset Prognostic/Diagnostic Systems (RRAPDS). Abilities will include importing, exporting, viewing, editing, analyzing and modeling environment data collected over decades for both individual motors and stockpiles. Simple one-dimensional models will initially evaluate stockpiles of weapons and identify individual motors that should receive a more detailed evaluation. Integrated with the graphical interface will also be a deterministic modeling capability that can do detailed modeling on individual rocket motors. The detailed deterministic modeling will leverage ATK Thiokol's FEM Builder/FEM Python software interfaced with ABAQUS to provide structural finite element analysis. The proposed software will assist Project Managers in managing their resources to obtain the longest service life of valuable weapons systems.

IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 200 Canal View Blvd, 3rd Floor Rochester, NY 14623
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 861-6273 Mr. Carl S. Byington ARMY 04-165 Awarded: 22DEC04
Title:	Integrated Rocket Motor Life Prediction System
Abstract:	Impact Technologies, LLC, proposes to develop an Integrated Rocket Motor Life Prediction Software System. Shelf life of missiles is limited due to aging and damage to the solid propellants. This, in turn, is due to daily and annual variation in storage conditions, shocks, stresses and transportation induced vibrations. The Army and missile manufacturers have a wide range of models and algorithms that give damage, reliability and age estimates for the missile, based on motor life. During Phase I, Impact will integrate these diverse models into a GUI driven software system that uses information fusion and probability based algorithms to combine the results of different models to provide an estimate of remaining life of the rocket motor. The software system will have a flexible architecture that will link rocket motor sensor data, storage area environmental data, statistical and manufactures data to the algorithms to provide a comprehensive missile reliability picture. Impact will tune and validate the system using rocket motor lifing data provided by the army. During Phase II, Impact will develop new algorithm and models that will use concepts from finite element analysis, viscoelasticity, nonlinear damage accumulation and probability theory to enhance and improve the fidelity of the life prediction system. In addition, Impact will continue to develop the GUI and improve the system architecture.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Scott K. Ralph ARMY 04-166 Selected for Award
Title:	Evaluation Testbed for ATD/T Performance Prediction (ETAPP)
Abstract:	Currently, common techniques for evaluating automatic target detection/tracking (ATD/T) performance include use simple models, such as quick-look models, or detailed exhaustive simulation. Simple models cannot accurately quantify the performance of candidate algorithms, while the detailed simulation is time consuming, requiring evaluation over each operating condition. A need exists for ATD/T performance prediction based on more accurate models. We propose a method that predicts performance based on image measures quantifying the intrinsic difficulty of ATD/T on the image, as well as using relevant metadata. The propose measures are based on the National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scales (NIIRS) Measure, the Constant False Alarm Rate Measure (CFAR), and the Free Response Operating Characteristic (FROC). We propose a two-phase approach: a learning phase, where the image measures are computed over a set of test images, and the performance of each algorithm is computed; and a performance prediction phase. From the learning phase a model of predicted performance is learned that can be applied across several algorithms and over the various operating conditions, as represented by the test image suite. This model can be used for subsequent rapid evaluation of future algorithms. The testbed has plug-in capability to allow rapid evaluation of new ATD/T algorithms.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4188 Dr. Patrick Henning ARMY 04-167 Selected for Award
Title:	Conformal, Multicolor Detection System for SAL Seekers
Abstract:	The urgent need for small diameter, guided, and inexpensive missiles presents engineering challenges to develop and demonstrate reliable and affordable seeker technology. Active research and development efforts are underway to replace the conventional gimbaled semi-active laser seeker mounted on the nose of the missile with non-gimbaled distributed architectures (DASALS) and focal-plane arrays (DAMASK), amongst other technologies. Ideally, the optical system would be compact, lightweight, have a large field of view and small f-number in order to deliver as much optical energy as possible to the detector(s). Such a system can be realized by a single lens that forms an image on a spherical detecting surface. In this Phase I SBIR effort, Foster-Miller proposes to develop processes to enable the fabrication of thermal detectors on curved or spherical surfaces, in order to meet this design paradigm. Once successful, the methods, materials and design architectures developed will transform seeker design and digital imaging, as we know of it today. (P-040657)

POLARIS SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5710 Jones Valley Drive Huntsville, AL 35802
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 824-6548 Dr. David Chenault ARMY 04-167 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Low-Cost, Large-Area Conformal Detector Arrays
Abstract:	The Army has a need for an Urban Missile, a missile that will be small, lethal, and low-cost. As currently envisioned, the Urban Missile will be a 50-mm round with kinetic performance similar to a Russian rocket propelled grenade (RPG). A key advantage over the RPG, however, will be a semi-active laser (SAL) seeker head that will help to ensure a high probability of kill (PK) and will help to minimize collateral damage. Polaris Sensor Technologies, Inc., proposes to develop a solid-state, Multi-Aperture Seeker (MAS) concept. By directly coupling low-cost micro-optics to fixed photo detectors, our MAS concept will significantly reduce the cost of SAL seeker technology by eliminating the expensive domes, gimbals, and traditional optics typical of current-day SAL seekers. This proposal describes our seeker concept, defines the Phase I Objectives, describes a Work Plan for meeting these objectives, and lists the qualifications of the Polaris Team.

SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC. 4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 Dr. Jason Cline ARMY 04-168 Awarded: 05JAN05
Title:	FASPEC-Fast Adaptive Spectrometer Programmable for the Evaluation of Combustion
Abstract:	Emerging scramjet technology has enormous potential for the development of small hypersonic aircraft and spacecraft, with numerous military and civilian applications. Spectral Sciences, Inc. proposes to develop a novel, high-speed, adaptive spectral imaging sensor for use as a research and development tool for monitoring combustion progress and temperature in the scramjet flow channel and exit plane. The sensor will measure temporally and spectrally resolved thermal radiance from combustion products (water and hydroxyl radical) over multiple lines of sight. By measuring different parts of the spectrum as a function of time, time-resolved gas temperature and water and hydroxyl concentrations will be retrieved. This passive, non-intrusive approach is ideally suited to the demanding hypersonic shock tunnel test environment, which is characterized by a very short experiment duration (time scale of milliseconds), limited optical access, and inhomogeneous fluid densities. The instrument features a robust, high-throughput design combining optical fibers with dynamically programmable dispersive optics containing no macroscopic moving parts. The spectral and spatial resolution are controlled through software, and the bandpasses can be digitally shaped to cancel interfering background radiation. This versatility should make the instrument applicable and cost effective for a wide variety of high-speed spectral applications.

STRATONICS, INC. 23151 Verdugo Drive, Suite 114 Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 461-7060 Dr. Ronald A. Parker ARMY 04-168 Selected for Award
Title:	Non-Intrusive Measurement Techniques for Scramjet Ground Test Environments
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop a new visualization sensor based on high resolution diode laser absorption spectroscopy, for the non-intrusive measurement of flow-field species in hydrogen-fueled scramjet engine ground tests. The proposed instrument would measure the extinction of incident light levels from a tunable diode laser source chosen to emit at wavelengths which correspond to a particular rotation-vibration level for a particular molecule. Temperature and concentration measurements will be provided by incorporation of multiple wavelengths and time multiplexing. During the Phase I program we will develop and construct a prototype sensor and the sensor models to help optimize the design of the sensor as a combustion diagnostic tool for development of hypersonic scramjet systems. A limited demonstration program, using the LENS facilities at CUBRC, will be performed to evaluate the sensor functionality and to examine facility integration concepts. This diagnostic will provide valuable information on the fuel/air stream mixing and combustion processes in general, during hypersonic flow. This information will further support CFD modeling of the fuel injection.

NVE CORP. (FORMERLY NONVOLATILE ELECTRONICS, INC. 11409 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 918-1155 Dr. Peter Eames ARMY 04-169 Selected for Award
Title:	Tamper Sensor Using a Metastable Magnetic Array
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR program will design and manufacture a unique anti-tamper device determines when adversarial acquisition or exploitation of U.S. analog and/or digital circuit components has been made by monitoring circuit activity. The sensor operates as a sensitive switch. The state of the switch is determined by the configuration of an array of lithographically defined magnetic elements. If the anti-tamper device is enabled, activity in sensitive circuits produces a current pulse and a magnetic field that realigns an element in the array from an initially metastable configuration. The state of the switch is read electrically and can be used to trigger an alarm or the destruction of the device. The array's design prevents the reinitializing of the magnetic elements into the original configuration without direct access to the device or the knowledge of a predetermined programming current value. External magnetic fields, above an ambient threshold, will trigger the sensor but cannot be used to reset the device. The proposed device combines emerging magnetic storage and sensor technologies with state-of-the-art microelectronic manufacturing. This allows the device to be very small, highly adaptable, and reliable. It can be put into a custom package or fully integrated into other circuit components at the wafer level.

SABRETEL 7302 Nez Perce Trace Manor, TX 78653
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 255-4794 Mr. Mike Wiles ARMY 04-169 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Hardware Anti-Tamper Techniques
Abstract:	SabreTel is developing an innovative embedded SecureRISC processor. The SabreTel SecureRISC Processor architecture is being developed to protect embedded application object code from being reverse engineered, detect any hacker attempts to tamper with the code, and take specific action as specified by the system designer when tampering is detected. The SecureRISC will be based on state-of-the-art computer architecture. The SabreTel SecureRISC will provide anti-tamper protection by executing AES encrypted opcodes. All object code external to the processor chip will be encrypted using the AES algorithm. Each instance of the encrypted object code will be different as a result of using the AES algorithm and a different key. Hackers will have a very difficult time reverse engineering the application code and determining in real time what the processor code is doing. Further, by executing object code in a modern cache architecture the hacker will not be able to tell what instruction in the cache is being executed by the processor. The innovative SecureRISC architecture provides three layers of security, of which without any one the embedded system is disabled: 1.) opcode encrypted application program, 2.) AES key, and 3.) hardware opcode decryption engine.

CERANOVA CORP. P. O. Box 278 Hopkinton, MA 01748
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 460-0300 Dr. Marian R. Pascucci ARMY 04-170 Selected for Award
Title:	Consolidation of Nanograin Ceramics
Abstract:	The proposed program will demonstrate the feasibility of consolidating nanoparticle dispersions of high purity yttria (Y2O3) to produce fine grain (< 1 �m) infrared transparent material for supersonic missile domes and windows. Previously funded efforts to produce IR transparent yttria resulted in material with high transmittance but insufficient strength to withstand the mechanical and thermal stresses imposed by the application conditions. Nano and small grain ceramics offer the potential for improved mechanical strength over their larger grain counterparts. CeraNova Corporation has developed techniques for shaping and densifying nanoparticle alumina to produce transparent polycrystalline alumina with grain size 400-700 nm, excellent transmittance in the MWIR (3-5�m), and mechanical properties superior to sapphire. These techniques, and previous experience gained from earlier work on transparent yttria, will be applied to the proposed program, which will utilize dispersions of yttria-based nanoparticulates supplied by a nano-powder provider. CeraNova's proposed approach involves shape-forming and consolidation of particle dispersions and a two-stage densification process to achieve full density and control grain growth. The objective is to achieve transmittance ~80% in the 3-5�m region for 2mm thick disks and mechanical strength twice as great as that of the conventional, large grain equivalent.

SURMET CORP. 33 B Street Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 875-4091 Mr. Thomas J. Mroz ARMY 04-170 Selected for Award
Title:	Consolidation of Nanograin Ceramics
Abstract:	Improvement in strength is desirable in order to make yttria suitable for transparent window/dome applications. The strength of fine-grain ceramics is limited first by grain size, and second by processing flaws. These strength limiters can be controlled, yielding high-strength and improved transmission by using nanoscale powders and using suitable green-body fabrication techniques and densification schedules. In general, fine grain size in undoped single phase materials is favored by unagglomerated powders; by very uniform "monodisperse" powder particle sizes; by uniform and dense packing (green body fabrication) and by careful control of microstructure by controlled heat treatment schedules that favor densification over grain-growth. Individual technologies have previously been demonstrated to yield some of these process control improvements. However, they have not yet been connected to create an overall process that will repeatably produce high quality components with fine grain size. In this program, we will integrate these approaches to process and consolidate nanoscale yttria precursor powders into transparent components with submicron particle size. The resulting samples are expected to yield improved strength and transmission compared to traditionally fabricated yttria.

MATERIALS SCIENCES CORP. 181 Gibraltar Road Horsham, PA 19044
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 542-8400 Mr. Richard Foedinger ARMY 04-171 Selected for Award
Title:	High Strength Nanomaterials Fiber for Lightweight Composite Missile Cases (MSC P1T39-432)
Abstract:	Solid rocket motor cases for advanced tactical missile systems use lightweight, high strength composite materials to achieve high propellant mass fractions and increase overall propulsion system efficiency. Meeting the increasingly more demanding missile and propulsion system performance goals for next-generation missile systems will require leap-ahead improvements in composite motor case material technology. Recent advances in the field of nanocomposites provides an important opportunity for achieving improved composite strength and multifunctional performance capability for advanced lightweight composite motor cases. Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced fibers have been developed and demonstrated on a laboratory scale and have shown promise for increasing the strength, stiffness, conductivity and toughness of composite structures. The proposed research offers an integrated analytical/manufacturing/ experimentation approach for development of a robust, scaleable process for producing CNT nanofibers in continuous lengths suitable for use in high performance filament wound composite rocket motor cases. The proposed Phase I program involves: (1) CNT nanofiber process development and scale-up, (2) thorough evaluation of the influence of different nanomaterial reinforcement types, concentrations and process conditions on the delivered properties of the nanocomposite fiber, and (3) transition of the process and nanofiber material technology to a commercial fiber manufacturer and composite rocket motor case production company.

FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 140 Intracoastal Pointe; Suite 301 Jupiter, FL 33477
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(561) 746-3317 Mr. P. Dean Johnson ARMY 04-172 Awarded: 22DEC04
Title:	HIGHLY EFFICIENT TURBOFAN ENGINE AERO DESIGN FOR LONGER RANGE MUNITIONS
Abstract:	Small expendable gas turbine engines historically suffer from poor specific fuel consumption (SFC) and high costs for military applications. These engines are single-shaft turbojets and their use in the propulsion system of future advanced munitions such as the Army's Non-Line of Sight Launch System Loitering Attack Munition (NLOS-LS LAM) will greatly limit the munition's operational capability. Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. (FTT) has developed an improved design concept for an expendable gas turbine engine for use in military applications. The new concept addresses key challenges that limit the effective use of small turbojets, and provides an alternative highly efficient affordable turbofan engine. FTT focuses the current effort on the development of an optimized aerodynamic design of fan, compressor and turbine airfoils using 3D steady and unsteady advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The resulting aero design can be used in subsequent mechanical design of a small engine with half the fuel consumption and significantly lower cost than today's turbojet baseline. Analytical validation of the improvement in fuel consumption over today's turbojet baseline will be provided.

COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 766-1520 Dr. Sanford M. Dash ARMY 04-173 Selected for Award
Title:	Alternate Scramjet Fuel Modeling and Evaluation
Abstract:	Our Phase I program entails examining the addition of micron and nano-sized aluminum particles to hydrogen fuel for use in hypersonic (M>8) scramjet propulsive flowpath concepts being evaluated for long range missile applications. CFD methodology will be used in these studies that has been validated using full scale data sets obtained in the CUBRC LENS shock tunnel facility. Preliminary aluminum burn models for both micron and nano-sized particles will be formulated based on a literature review, and, on present nano particle research of Prof. Yetter and coworkers at Penn State University. These new particle burn models will be incorporated into the CRAFT Tech three-phase Navier-Stokes codes and evaluated via unit problem supersonic combustion studies. An experimental program will be outlined that will serve to improve upon the preliminary burn models developed in the Phase I program. An optional task will evaluate the effects on performance obtainable by use of aluminum particle additives for current axisymmetric and inward turning scramjet concepts now being investigated.

GHKN ENGINEERING, LLC P.O. Box 2585 Redmond, WA 98073
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 881-3635 Dr. Richard D, Smith ARMY 04-174 Selected for Award
Title:	An Integrated Thrust Control Solution
Abstract:	This proposal describes a feasibility study to evaluate several concepts for integrated thrust vector control of a tactical missile. The proposed designs include a moveable aeropintle capable of moving laterally as well as axially and a fluidic gas injection system with the goal of provide both thrust variation and thrust vector control. The variable thrust aeropintle can be mechanized to move in the appropriate direction, on command, to achieve the desired flight path. The fluidic approach evaluated will include fluidic control injection utilizing chamber bleed gas or a third component pressure fed gas into the exhaust stream of the variable thrust aeropintle concept. Another approach to be examined is a gimbaled aeropintle with an axial position actuator. The objective of this study is to develop a baseline design offering a substantial improvement in flight path control such that the vehicle flight can be altered as much as a reversal in direction ("U" turn). The baseline design recommended as a result of this study will be evaluated for cost/schedule benefits and applicability to current missile designs.

WICKMAN SPACECRAFT & PROPULSION CO. 3745A Studer Casper, WY 82604
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(307) 265-5895 Mr. John Wickman ARMY 04-174 Awarded: 23DEC04
Title:	A Pintle Nozzle With Thrust Vector Control
Abstract:	Tactical missiles can use pintle nozzles to control speed and wings to steer to targets, but this is inadequate for many targets. To hit a wider variety of targets, tactical missiles must be able to steer the rocket's exhaust gas. A common method of doing this is to use a separate TVC system. However, it is often heavy and requires additional power to operate. If the TVC system can be integrated into a pintle nozzle for lighter weight and lower power requirements, Army missile capability will be greatly increased above current levels. Wickman Spacecraft & Propulsion Company proposes an innovative pintle nozzle with integral TVC. It deflects the exhaust gases and provides an unsymmetric pressure distribution on the exit cone walls to provide missile steering. It does this through a unique pintle geometry that can be adjusted to provide thrust vectoring from neutral to a range of thrust angles. During Phase I, WSPC will generate a preliminary layout design of a pintle nozzle with integral TVC based on advanced CFD and engineering analysis. This design will be tested in Phase II.

SPORIAN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. 4699 Nautilus Court, Suite 201 Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 516-9075 Dr. Kevin Harsh ARMY 04-175 Awarded: 04JAN05
Title:	Development of a Highly Integrated Multifunctional Optical Sensor for Monitoring Weapons Health and Battlefield Environments
Abstract:	There exists a need for highly integrated, multifunctional optical sensors for in situ monitoring of weapons health and microbial/chemical environments. These highly integrated optical sensors should yield a sensor with better sensing capability (such as sensing multiple parameters simultaneously) and sensitivity, lower cost, lighter weight, higher robustness, and smaller size that current conventional individual electronic and mechanical sensors. The objective of this work is to develop such an integrated optical sensor that can make use of three general types of sensing methods including optical sensing of reactive materials for chemical sensing, physical displacement sensing for sensing physical parameter such as pressure and vibration, and immunoassay based sensing for detecting the presence of biological/chemical/explosive compounds. The novel optical sensor design outlined in this proposal will support the simultaneous integration of all three of these sensing methods, ultimately resulting in highly integrated multisensors capable of sensing a wide range or parameters, environments, and conditions. This sensor design is well suited to existing manufacturing and microelectronics packaging techniques and is expected to be cost effective and highly manufacturable.

OPTECHNOLOGY, INC. 7901 Smoke Rise Rd SE Huntsville, AL 35802
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 489-2186 Mr. Kirk R. Biszick ARMY 04-176 Awarded: 21DEC04
Title:	Strategically Tuned Absolutely Resilient Structures
Abstract:	The goal of this research program is to develop innovative smart structures that are lightweight, highly resilient, damage tolerant, and fatigue resistant with embedded sensors and active elements. The project is based on pioneer research conducted by our team in the area of Strategically Tuned Absolutely Resilient Structures (STARS) and we intend to develop a unique blend of structural materials with improved mechanical properties; and, quantitative models for predicting both the static and dynamic responses and the remaining useful life of structures built from these materials. STARS are unique in that their component materials are purposefully stressed and deformed to the largest extent possible to store the maximum amount of potential energy. In Phase I we plan to address the fundamental relationships between the structure of our composites and their mechanical properties as influenced by composition, processing, environment, stress state, and loading rate. Consideration will be given to damage initiation and progression, failure mechanisms, and life prediction, factors essential for the development of new heterogeneous structural systems.

ACCESS BIO, INC. 2033 Route 130 Monmouth Jct., NJ 08852
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 297-2222 Dr. Hyeonsuk Kim ARMY 04-177 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Field Deployable Diagnostic Test for Active Cutaneous Leishmania and a Test for Latent Infection
Abstract:	Leishmaniasis has significant impact on military and civilian populations throughout the Asia-Africa region, including Afghanistan and Iraq. There are currrentlly no proper field-deployable diagnostic tools for the key form, cutaneous leishmaniasis. Development of an assay which detects cutaneous leishmaniasis, that is rapid, accurate, field usable, soldier-friendly, and meets regulatory requirements is a high priority for DoD and also a priority for health and government medical centers responsible for inhabitants and visitors to the region. Access Bio proposes to develop and commercialize a rapid diagnostic test for military and civilian use. Immediate benefits include the ability to detect cutaneous leishmaniasis on a disease-stage basis (acute/chronic) and generation of revenues to a US small business concern. Downstream potential benefits include utilization of the knowledge to develop a useful monitoring kit for a leishmaniasis vaccine currently under development and application and modification of the current research and development approach to other parasitic diseases in the future.

INBIOS INTERNATIONAL 562 Ist Ave S, Suite 600 Seattle, WA 98104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(206) 344-5821 Dr. Raymond Houghton ARMY 04-177 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Field Deployable Diagnostic Test for Active Cutaneous Leishmania and a Test for Latent Infection
Abstract:	The proposed immunochromatographic diagnostic test would be a useful rapid diagnostic test for the direct detection of Leishmania parasites responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in soldiers exhibiting skin lesions. It would have application in detecting Leishmania parasites directly from needle aspirates/swabs of skin lesions in a field environment hence facilitating accurate treatment. The major advantage of this diagnostic methodology is that is it is non invasive and provides rapid (<15 min) detection of the presence of Leishmania parasites. The test would have high sensitivity and the ability to differentiate from visceral forms of Leishmaniasis. It would have field applications for troops deployed to the Middle East and Afghanistan as well as to travelers to these regions of the world.

OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 4100 N. W. Loop 410, Suite 230 San Antonio, TX 78229
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 731-0015 Dr. John G. Bruno ARMY 04-177 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Fluorescent Aptamer Tests for Active and Latent Leishmania
Abstract:	Operational Technologies Corporation (OpTech) proposes to couple the sensitivity of fluorescence-based assays with the high affinity and selectivity of DNA aptamers as replacements for antibodies to detect Leishmania infections. The primary target for detection of active cutaneous Leishmania species will be the common 11kD kinetoplastid membrane protein (KMP-11). During Phase I, OpTech will make FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) DNA aptamers to the entire KMP-11 protein and several Leishmania-specific antigens provided by the Army. Latent infections may be detectable by anti-KMP-11 antibodies and possibly infection-related cytokines or markers via a competitive FRET assay employing lower affinity fluorophore-labeled aptamers and quencher-labeled KMP-11, which OpTech will attempt to demonstrate in Phase I. Lower affinity aptamers can be produced by fewer cycles of SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) and by controlling buffer stringency. If successful, OpTech will optimize and adapt each of these assays for use in field kits to detect Leishmania in both blood samples and captured sand flies by use of a commercially available handheld, battery-operated fluorometer. Final assays will be freeze-dried in sealed plastic cuvettes or in OpTech's proprietary magnetic bead-based microfluidic plastic cartridge, which is currently under development.

SILOAM BIOSCIENCES LLC 3130 Highland Avenue, 3rd Floor Cincinnati, OH 45219
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 475-6650 Dr. Jae Y. Lee ARMY 04-179 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	A Handheld Monitoring System For Biomarkers Of Response From Blood
Abstract:	The goal of this SBIR Phase I effort is to demonstrate proof-of-concept for a functional handheld system to monitor biomarkers or response. Specifically, during the Phase I effort we will demonstrate a disposable biochip, which can be used as a part of the handheld system, for simultaneous detection of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and Metallothionein (MT1 & MT2) concentration using immunoassay techniques. The biochip will be designed to measure these biomarkers from whole blood samples. The disposable biochip will be fabricated using BioMEMS technology and will include integrated microneedle for minimally invasive blood sampling. It is anticipated that the biochip (approx. 1.5"x2.5"x0.25") can be used with ~ a scientific calculator sized, handheld analyzer (developed in Phase II) for point-of-care biomonitoring. The research team includes members who are renowned experts in their area, with specific backgrounds in BioMEMS device development (at Siloam Biosciences) and identification/detection of biomarkers of exposure (at Center of Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati). The ultimate goal of this effort is to develop at least two different disposable biochips to work with a handheld analyzer. The two biochips will each be designed to detect multiple biomarkers of response (panel) elicited from organophosphates/carbamtes and organic industrial chemicals.

AGAVE BIOSYSTEMS, INC. P.O. Box 80010 Austin, TX 78708
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 272-0002 Dr. Louis Hom ARMY 04-180 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Human Paraoxonase Bioscavenger for Nerve Agents
Abstract:	In this Phase I, Agave BioSystems proposes to develop a catalytic organophosphorus bioscavenger based on human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) for the protection of personnel against OP nerve agents. A catalytic bioscavenger that detoxifies multiple organophosphorus (OP) molecules by hydrolysis rather than a single OP molecule like Hu-BuChE greatly reduces the amount of protein required, making administration of the scavenger to large numbers of individuals safer and less expensive. PON1 is a serum protein found in humans and other animals which has been shown to catalytically inactivate paraoxon and other organophosphorus compounds. While the wild type human enzyme possesses too little activity to protect against large doses of OP agents, preliminary studies of chimeric PON1 mutants have identified a number of sequence changes that increase phosphotriesterase (PTE) activity significantly. A human PON1 (huPON1) with enhanced PTE activity could provide full protection against otherwise lethal exposures to OP agents and would still be compatible with the human immune system, allowing multiple doses to be administered.

TERA BIOTECHNOLOGY CORP. 1641 28th St. San Diego, CA 92102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 272-2052 Dr. Bob Shopes ARMY 04-180 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Evolving a Human Enzyme into a Catalytic Bioscavenger
Abstract:	Recent changes in the security situation facing citizens in the United States and military personnel abroad have greatly increased the threat that chemical weapons will be used against American forces and American civilians in the field as well as at home. Many third world countries and terrorist groups have the capability of producing and delivering chemical agents thus posing a substantial and serious threat to the armed forces of the United States. There is a great need for protection of military personnel from unexpected nerve agent exposure during warfare, as well as protection of rescuers and medical personnel from exposure after assessing that a nerve agent attack has occurred. The objectives of this Phase I proposal are to develop an expression system to express a highly diversified mutation library and to validate a high-throughput assay for the molecular evolution of hBchE. The success of Phase I will establish tools for molecular evolution efforts in Phase II involving multiple rounds of large-scale functional screening.

GENESEGUES, INC. 3180 High Point Chaska, MN 55318
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 443-3798 Dr. Gretchen Unger ARMY 04-181 Selected for Award
Title:	Nanocapsules for transposon therapy in cancer
Abstract:	Viral vectors are used in more than 70% of current gene therapy trials. However, immunogenicity, oncogenicity, and poor tumor transfection efficiencies present significant barriers to clinical success. Sleeping Beauty Transposon (SBT) technology, combined with a targeted, tumor-penetrating, non-viral gene transfer system, offers an alternative approach for therapeutic transgene production with low toxicity. We have developed a non-viral, sub-50 nm capsule formulation platform that condenses and encapsulates macromolecules in protein/peptide capsules for targeted drug delivery. In vitro, we have demonstrated nanocapsule uptake is receptor-mediated via caveolae, supporting the possibility of efficient tumor-targeting and intracellular delivery. In vivo, we have demonstrated the potential of nanocapsules for systemic, targeted, tumor-penetrating delivery of oligonucleotides, and produced expression of SBT plasmids for reporter and therapeutic genes. We propose to demonstrate feasibility of nanoencapsulated SBT plasmids for use in targeted treatment of advanced prostate cancer, by comparing the biodistribution of three nanocapsule coating proteins for tumor-targeting in a syngeneic, orthotopic model of prostate cancer. We will select the most promising coating for future testing with a transposon plasmid being developed to generate siRNA against hyaluronan receptors CD44 and RHAMM-1, which have been shown to play major roles in prostate cancer metastasis and tumor survival.

DIAMOND VISIONICS LLC 400 Plaza Drive, Suite-A, PO Box 1276 Vestal, NY 13851
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 729-8526 Mr. Graham Upton ARMY 04-182 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Medical Simulation Training for First Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Events
Abstract:	Diamond Visionics in collaboration with RTI International, will develop a concept plan and proof-of-concept demonstration for a deployable PC-based simulation training system for chemical, biological and nuclear emergency scenarios. We plan to develop an innovative product that will provide first responder training for a wide variety of military and civilian participants who may be involved in CBRNE events. Our detailed system design will include all of the components necessary for complete first responder training. We will use our unique networking methods to provide multi-player interaction during training scenarios where multiple participants will interact to provide extremely realistic training. Our extensive real-time graphics knowledge and experience will provide a 3-D visualization that will include human characters that exhibit multiple behaviors and various realistic physiologies. CBRNE events will allow for multiple casualties. Instructors will be able to alter the simulation on the fly as well as retrieve assessment information. Our powerful debrief tools will be integrated into the system to enhance the student learning experience. SCORM compliance will be designed into the system to ensure that trainees are learning the appropriate objectives of a lesson, allow for data tracking, and provide sequencing where applicable.

SIMMERSION LLC 9881 Broken Land Parkway, Suite 400 Columbia, MD 21046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(443) 283-2504 Dr. Dale E. Olsen ARMY 04-182 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Medical Simulation Training for First Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Events
Abstract:	SIMmersion's simulation technology was developed to teach law enforcement and military personnel to conduct complex interpersonal exchanges ranging from criminal investigations to recruiting. These simulations use video to create realistic PC simulations of people you talk with for training communications skills of all sorts. The simulated people have memory and an advanced emotional model; they are different each time you talk to them. They build skills, improve retention, and increase confidence. These engaging simulations are obvious candidates for teaching healthcare professionals needed skills including the ability to distinguish routine symptoms that are manifestations of a common problem, from similar symptoms that are indicative of a terrorist attack. The overall objective of this proposal is to develop new training and evaluate the effectiveness of that training for identifying indicators of various CBRNE attacks. The training replaces expensive standardized patient with simulated ones. The goals of Phase I and the Phase I option will be to build and evaluate a prototype system for teaching clinical practitioners to identifying smallpox and get feedback for Phase II. The Phase II training simulations will be directed at the early identification of smallpox and other CBRNE attacks and will be suitable for a wider audience.

THERE, INC. 165 Jefferson Drive Menlo Park, CA 94025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 433-4063 Mr. Matt Kaufman ARMY 04-182 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Medical Simulation Training for First Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Events
Abstract:	We will demonstrate that simulation based training with avatars in 3D virtual world scenarios is an effective tool for training medical first responders to CBRNE events by conducting research and development in three areas: Develop Core Curriculum for Medical First Responders: We propose to develop a core curriculum for two CBRNE scenarios: release of sarin gas and explosion of a radioactive "dirty bomb". Elements of the training curriculum include the trainees, learning objectives, training method, performance assessment, and program evaluation. Build and Evaluate Proof of Concept Virtual Environment: Using the core curriculum, we propose to leverage There, Inc.'s distributed simulation and communication platform to develop virtual replicas of the CBRNE events. The virtual environment will operate over the Internet using common PC hardware and will be evaluated by medical first responders for its ability to be a compelling, realistic, and repeatable training environment. Create Technology Roadmap for Scriptable Avatar Health and Injury System: We propose to deliver a technical implementation plan that adds scriptable health and injury behavior that can be programmed by medical experts for use in CBRNE training. We believe this functionality, coupled with ongoing development efforts will lead to a commercialized simulation based training system for medical first responders.

ENGINEERING ACOUSTICS, INC. 933 Lewis Dr., Suite C Winter Park, FL 32789
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 645-5444 Dr. Bruce Mortimer ARMY 04-184 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Hemorrhage Control for Non-Compressible Extremity Injuries
Abstract:	It is estimated that 10% of the soldiers killed on the battlefield bleed to death from extremity wounds. Failure to rapidly control hemorrhage leads to inadequate organ perfusion (shock) and death. Many of these lives can be saved by the prompt and effective use of a tourniquet. However, a subset of extremity injuries occur at a level that is not amenable to tourniquet application, and vascular injuries in the region of the groin continue to be largely untreatable on the battlefield. This project addresses this need by offering a new, synergistic based approach to the immediate treatment of severe arterial injuries, including the fully transected, retracted femoral artery. EAI's plan is to develop a small, hand-held device that uses acoustic means to control hemorrhage flow from severe vascular injuries, and apply hemostatic drug agents and/or High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) to achieve hemostasis. The device will be compact and suitable for use by combat medics on the front lines.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4154 Ms. Marina Temchenko ARMY 04-184 Awarded: 28DEC04
Title:	Novel Hydrogel-Based System for Hemorrhage Control
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project presents a novel hydrogel-based approach to hemorrhage control of extremity injuries, which would allow the stoppage of bleeding of hard to reach arteries. Such a system would increase a soldier's chance of survival and would allow medical personnel to successfully treat the injury in a battlefield venue. The Phase I program will involve the synthesis and characterization of the hydrogels and evaluation of their swelling in blood plasma. In an Option program, the hydrogel system will be tested for its ability to prevent liquid flow in an apparatus designed to simulate hemorrhage control. (P-040690)

HEMODYNE 800 East Leigh St. Richmond, VA 23219
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(804) 828-9329 Mr. Mark Licata ARMY 04-184 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Hemorrhage Control for Non-Compressible Extremity Injuries
Abstract:	The Army has requested a small device capable of controlling hemorrhage from vascular injuries in the proximal extremities, specifically the groin. The device desired will be used on injuries that are not amenable to tourniquet application and will be used at the level of the combat medic. To this end we believe that it would be possible to create a small device, which may serve several purposes including stabilization of the pelvis as well as providing continuous, intense and evenly distributed pressure in the groin capable of completely occluding the femoral and possible the external iliac vessels.

PAYLOAD SYSTEMS, INC. 247 Third St. Cambridge, MA 02141
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 868-8086 Dr. Javier de Luis ARMY 04-184 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Hemorrhage Control for Non-Compressible Extremity Injuries
Abstract:	A significant number of battlefield deaths could be prevented through the development of devices and techniques suitable for application in the field as temporary measures for immediate treatment. It is known that up to 10% of battlefield fatalities occur because soldiers bleed to death due to wounds inflicted on their proximal extremities, where it is often not possible to apply standard first aid methods, such as the tourniquet. Payload Systems Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop a device that could be inserted into a wound to slow or stop bleeding sufficiently long that the injured person can be transferred to a facility able to treat the injury appropriately. Using an innovative polymer gel inside a bio-compatible flexible package, the device would be placed inside a wound, where it would swell and adapt to the cavity, in response either to an applied fluid or the patient's own blood, and apply a controlled amount of pressure on the walls of that cavity. This would provide an adaptable mechanical means to stop or slow bleeding in injury sites that are difficult to treat with traditional methods.

INFLEXXION, INC. 320 Needham Street, Suite 100 Newton, MA 02464
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 332-6028 Dr. Emil Chiauzzi ARMY 04-185 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Our Strength in Families (OSiF): A Web-based Interactive Coping Skill and Resiliency Program for Military Families
Abstract:	Military personnel increasingly face deployments and prolonged separations from partners and families. Deployments have a profound effect on the loved ones of military personnel and often result in problems in intimate and family relationships. In turn, these problems can contribute to lower morale and motivation, poorer performance, lost work days, higher disability rates, decreased readiness, and declining reenlistment. This project will build on available knowledge and existing interventions to develop an interactive Web-based relationship-enhancement psychoeducational resource for couples experiencing deployments. This program, Our Strength in Families (OSiF), will draw on existing theoretical and empirical work, as well as new information to be gathered from focus groups with members of the target population, interviews with leading scientists and experts, and concept mapping with key stakeholders during Phase I. Content will be synthesized, the underlying technology will be developed, and an initial test of usability will be conducted during the Phase I Option period. OSiF will incorporate features demonstrated to improve relationship functioning among couples experiencing military deployments. OSiF has several advantages relative to available interventions, in particular, its interactivity and individual tailoring of content, its theoretically-driven, integrative approach, its enhanced accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use.

PROCELL CORP. 9700 Great Seneca Highway, Suite 182 Rockville, MD 20850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 453-6247 Dr. Yvonnr Rosenberg ARMY 04-186 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Development of a Viral Based Gene Delivery System for Chemical Agent Bioscavengers and Biological Agent Vaccines
Abstract:	In recent years, exogenous administration of cholinesterases have been successfully used as safe and efficacious prophylactic treatments due to their capacity to scavenge nerve agents toxins inhibition of the targeted endogenous acetylcholinesterase can occur. Based on availability, broad spectrum efficacy, stability and safety, homologous native butyrylcholin-esterase (BChE) represents to date the best candidate in terms of develop-ing a human treatment. However, the currently used methods of native enzyme isolation from frozen human plasma are time consuming and expensive and highlight the importance of developing, as an alternate and parallel treatment strategy, a viral vector mediated gene therapy based approach to produce human BChE as an in vivo antidote. The goal of this proof of concept proposal is to determine the feasibility of developing a recombinant AAV2/9 transcapsidated vector for the in vivo transfer of HuBChE genes and in vivo production of bioscavenger sufficient to protect against exposure to neurotoxins. The study specifically aims to: (i) Construct bicistronic expression cassettes encoding HuBChE-EGFP for insertion into AAV-2 vector plasmid. (ii) Generate, produce and purify infectious replication-incompetent transcapsidated AAV2/9 viral particles using a triple transient transfection system in order to deliver the bicistronic HuBChE-EGFP genes and (iii) Express the rHuBChE gene in vitro by transduction of the IB3 airway epithelial cell and the C2C12 muscle cell lines. The AAV2/9 chimaera is relatively new and was chosen because of its good tropism for both airway epithelial (lung) cells (IB3) and muscle cells; both of which are important as in vivo sites of nerve agent exposure and injury. In Phase I, gene delivery by vectors encoding the expression of MaBChE? in addition to the HuBChE enzyme, is also planned due to the importance of using an homologous macaque system in Phase II to accurately assess levels of enzyme expression and to confirm the anticipated absence of anti-BChE antibodies and other adverse side effects following gene delivery.

TERA BIOTECHNOLOGY CORP. 1641 28th St. San Diego, CA 92102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 272-2052 Dr. Andrew Baird ARMY 04-186 Awarded: 10JAN05
Title:	Gene Delivery of Chemical Agent Bioscavengers
Abstract:	In phase I we propose to create a gene delivery system that overcomes the disadvantages of standard approaches to gene therapy. This system may also be customized for particular applications. In this case, we will create gene therapy tropism to certain tissues for the delivery of a gene for human BchE.

NOMADICS, INC. 1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Dr. Wei Chen ARMY 04-187 Selected for Award
Title:	Nanoparticle Self-Lighting Photodynamic Therapy For Ovarian Cancer Treatment
Abstract:	Nomadics is a research and development company that has been quite successful in developing products for the biomedical market. The majority of our research involves the development of advanced materials that are being exploited for commercial applications. In this effort, we propose a novel method for ovarian cancer treatment that combines radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Under this concept, luminescent nanoparticles with attached photosensitizers, such as porphyrins, are used as a new type of agent for photodynamic therapy. Upon exposure to ionizing radiation, light will emit from the nanoparticles to activate the photosensitizers; as a consequence, a singlet oxygen is produced to augment the killing of cancer cells by ionizing radiation. With this novel therapeutic approach, no external light is necessary to activate the photosensitizing agent within tumors. Thus, we call this new modality a self-lighting photodynamic therapy (SLPDT). The combination of radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy will provide a less expensive and more efficient treatment for cancer patients. Our photoluminescent nanoparticles have already demonstrated effective biomedical applications, such as in vivo imaging and dosimetry. The proposed work is a natural extension of our current research and commercialization objectives.

SENIOR SCIENTIFIC 11109 Country Club Drive NE Albuquerque, NM 87111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 294-1298 Dr. Edward R. Flynn ARMY 04-187 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Developing Nanotechnologies for Detection and/or Targeted Treatment
Abstract:	Early detection of ovarian cancer is a primary goal in cancer imaging. Normal screening tests are pelvic examination and ultrasound. Pelvic examination reveals only advanced cancer, and ultrasound has many false positive results. We describe here, a novel approach using biomagnetic sensors to detect in-vivo, magnetic nanoparticles targeted to ovarian cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis sites. We have already developed this methodology for breast cancer imaging using SQUID magnetic sensors to detect and image magnetized nanoparticles after binding to cancer sites. Unlike optical methods, the body is transparent to magnetic fields and the cancer source can be imaged in-vivo to a few mm. We use a multichannel system and special magnetization methods to detect and image the magnetic signals from targeted cancer cells. A Phase I program will use phantoms that simulate the body to test nanoparticles with antibodies, such as CA-125, and angiogenesis agents targeting tumors. We will determine nanoparticle properties, sensitivity to cancer sites and imaging capabilities. We will determine the efficacy of adding anti-cancer drugs to nanoparticles targeted to the imaged sites with specialized magnetic concentration methods. Injections of minute amount of nanoparticles are all that is required.

SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 13766 S. Hawthorne Blvd. Hawthorne, CA 90250
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 679-2281 Mr. R. Wade Allen ARMY 04-188 Selected for Award
Title:	Fatigue and Performance Modeling of Sleep-Deprived Soldiers
Abstract:	Soldiers with chronic sleep restriction have reduced cognitive performance that can result in dangerous and deadly behavior. Current mathematical models used to predict performance are based on the Two-Process sleep regulation and have been well-validated for single episodes of sleep deprivation, but not for chronic sleep restriction and recovery. An innovative new modeling approach will be developed based on hybrid neural networks, where the existing circadian pacemaker model will be retained and combined with a neural network mapping of the fatigue and performance metrics. The model will first be trained to duplicate existing Two-Process models, and then will be altered as needed and training directly from experimental data. A technical issue that will be resolved is how to include sleep and wake protocols in the model structure and training. An experiment will be designed in Phase I to increase the database for chronic sleep restriction studies, using tasks relevant to Army personnel. The experiment will be conducted in Phase II. The new models when validated can be used to determine unit readiness and to schedule sleep regimens. Real time versions combined with physiological measurements can potentially be used to adapt to and monitor individual soldiers.

GENVEC, INC. 65 W. Watkins Mill Road Gaithersburg, MD 20878
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 632-5543 Dr. Joseph Bruder ARMY 04-189 Selected for Award
Title:	High Throughput Genomics Screening for Malaria Antigen Discovery
Abstract:	Malaria is a major threat to world health and the personnel of the US armed forces. To date there is no available effective protective vaccine. However, an abundance of data in animal models and in humans has indicated the existence of protective antigens and demonstrated that an effective vaccine against malaria is feasible. Unfortunately, the most effective vaccine, based on radiation attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, is not practical for mass use. The overall goal of this proposal is to develop a technology that can identify and prioritize novel protective target antigens for vaccine development. Our hypothesis is that P. yoelii antigens that are recognized by irradiated sporozoite immunized mice can be identified using an in vitro system and that such antigens will elicit strong protective immune responses when delivered in a potent vaccine. Furthermore, the corresponding P. falciparum orthologues will be excellent vaccine candidates. The phase I SBIR focuses on the feasibility of the screen; objective #1 focuses on methods to generate antigen carrying vectors, objective #2 focuses on the assays to identify T-cells specificities from immune animals, and objective #3 focuses on the use of proprietary adenoviral targeting technology to improve the sensitivity and through-put of the screen.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Michael Danilich ARMY 04-190 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Novel Antimicrobial Nanocomposite Bone Graft Material
Abstract:	Open fractures account for approximately 20% of all combat-related injuries. The long time between injury and treatment caused by delayed evacuation has resulted in higher infection and morbidity rates relative to similar civilian injuries. The current standard of care for open fractures involves irrigation, debridement, initial stabilization, and antibiotic therapy. In order to provide local antibiotic therapy and fill dead space, antibiotics are often combined with poly(methylmethacrylate), rolled into beads, and placed in the bone defect. This approach necessitates numerous subsequent surgical procedures to remove the beads and graft bone, thereby increasing morbidity and cost. To address this critical need, Luna Innovations proposes to develop a novel load-bearing, but resorbable, antimicrobial bone graft material. The material will be a nanocomposite consisting of biopolymer and mineral components and will incorporate a novel biocidal compound that has exhibited efficacy against both gram positive and gram negative organisms. It will derive its initial mechanical strength from a nanostructure that mimics that of bone and will promote fracture repair as it is resorbed by osteoclasts. Luna has assembled the highly qualified, multidisciplinary team required for a successful program and has a history of bringing novel research from the laboratory to commercial markets.

NANOTHERAPEUTICS, INC. 12085 Research Dr Ste N, Suite N Alachua, FL 32615
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(386) 462-9663 Dr. James D. Talton ARMY 04-190 Awarded: 10JAN05
Title:	Antimicrobial Bone Graft Substitute
Abstract:	In this Phase I SBIR project, Nanotherapeutics proposes to utilize its proprietary particle delivery systems to develop an injectable bone paste formulation incorporating an anti-microbial (PHMB) as a bone graft substitute. A solution-based system, GraftonT (Osteotech) and, recently, a dry osteconductive powder available for reconstitution, OSTEOFILT, became available as superior bone grafts, but each with drawbacks. A new composition incorporating gelatin-coated particles, NanopasteTM (produced by Nanotherapeutics, Inc., patent pending), which has excellent syringability, has proven to be osteconductive in animal studies and is currently licensed (undisclosed). This composition is particulary suitable for incorporation of additional anti-microbial materials, such as PHMB, which may be simply physically mixed in or encapsulated to produce slow-release over days. Using its proprietary powder processing technologies, sustained-release PHMB / NanopasteTM formulations will be tested with significant advantages over standard bone graft materials. In this six month Phase I project, preparation of PHMB / NanopasteTM formulations and in vitro characterization and release will be performed, and preparation for in vivo animal studies to test the efficacy in rodents will be conducted.

PLUREON CORP. 1472 Ridgemere Lane Winston-Salem, NC 27106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(336) 499-2673 Mr. Hal Eason ARMY 04-190 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Keratin Bioceramic Antibiotic Putty (KBAP) for Bone Regeneration
Abstract:	Infection in areas of bone injury are a serious consideration in the field of trauma surgery and orthopaedic medicine. The combination of regenerative medicine and controlled drug delivery offers great potential to improve on the current standard of care. Presently, bone infection secondary to osteomyelitis and non-union are treated in a two-stage protocol wherein the first step requires placement of antibiotic impregnated beads, followed by a second step involving removal of the beads and bone grafting. We propose to validate the use of a new bioceramic graft that features controlled delivery of antibiotics and that would require only a single stage operational protocol. In preliminary tests, we have shown that keratin biomaterials are biocompatible, osteoconductive, and able to function as a drug delivery matrix. By further developing this technology into a keratin bioceramic antibiotic putty (KBAP), we endeavor to create a bone graft substitute that is biocompatible, antibiotic, osteoconductive and osteoinductive, as well as moldable, formable, inexpensive, and able to be stored at room temperature. In this Phase I program, we will use an optimized drug delivery system to develop the KBAP and validate its efficacy in cell and microbial culture models.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Fedor Dimov ARMY 04-191 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Waveguided Holographic Infrared Soldier-Mounted Eye Tracker
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for a head or helmet mounted eye monitor, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a novel Waveguided Holographic Infrared Soldier-mounted eye Tracker (WHIST). The proposed device will illuminate the eye with a modulated infrared beam delivered from an LED by a flexible thin optical fiber bundle via total internal reflection inside a thin plastic waveguide visor, and a reflection hologram. The beam reflected from the eye and coupled back into the fiber bundle is captured and processed by a high-speed CMOS imaging array chip. With the high speed modulation of the LED, the device will collect complete information about gaze, pupil, eyelid, and saccadic movements, which will be processed in real time, and determine points of fixation of eyes in milliseconds. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of WHIST by connecting the sensor array to a remote panel, where the data will be integrated with data from a standard physiological database. Algorithms and software will be designed so that data streams will be collected synchronously and processed to generate all the required parameters. In Phase II POC will produce a complete prototype system, which will undergo initial Airworthiness Certification testing.

WASHOE SLEEP, NEURO-DEVELOP. NEURO-DIAGNOSTIC CTR. Washoe Professional Bldg.,, 75 Pringle Way, Ste. 7 Reno, NV 89502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(775) 329-4060 Dr. William C. Torch ARMY 04-191 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Soldier Mounted Eye Com 7 & 8 Eye Monitoring Biosensor, Communicator & Controller
Abstract:	In a CDC-sponsored SBIR Grants 2000 Phase I Solicitation, proof-of-concept of the patented wearable Eye Com-6 Biosensor-Communicator-Controller (EC-6) as a reliable drowsiness detection tool was demonstrated. Consisting of 2 IR-sensitive microcameras, IR eye-illuminating LED's and detectors affixed to a wrap-around eye frame 2-3 cm from each eye, its binocular Eye-See (tm) software tracked black/white pupillary, eyelid and eye ball movements, while displaying in electronic form, 8 of over 20 possible oculometrics (e.g. eyeblink velocity [EBV], acceleration [EBA], duration [EBD],percent of time eyes closed/open[PERCLOS/PEROP], eye movement velocity [EMV], gaze fixation, ocular dwell time, accomodation and vergence). For this US Army A04-191 Phase I proposal, an already-built tethered EC-7 and futuristic wireless EC-8, each consisting of 2 fiber-optic endo-probes (directed to the eyes) and a single fiberoptic exo-probe (directed away from the EC wearer's helmet, eye-gear, night scopes, etc.), will be coupled either to a 60Hz or 500-750Hz micro-camera, respectively, for low (e.g. EBD, EBF, PERCLOS) or high speed (e.g. saccadic eye movement velocity) oculometric analysis. The soldier mounted EC-7/8 Biosensors, functional under all lighting conditions and in unlimited domains (i.e. stationary or in motion), will be integrated with EEG, PSG, EKG and Performance Vigilance Testing (PVT) results in the same EC-6 PVT Test Bed and Oculometric Monitoring Station used in CDC Phase I. In Phase II EC-7 and EC-8 will be used to develop an integrated Composite Oculometric Fatigue Index (EC COFI [tm]) safety-response algorithm in a Drive/Flight Simulator. The soldier-worn EC-7/8 and COFI [tm] algorithm will: 1) identify and respond to potential or actual operational performance failure situations including inattentiveness, drowsiness, micro-sleep intrusions or loss of consciousness; 2) transmit oculometric signals to a remotely placed "black box" recorder; 3) trigger a vibro-tactile seat (i.e. the EC Rumble Seat [tm])or warning system; and 4) by purposeful or reflexive ocular movements, operate augmentative communication and control programs (i.e. an EC Eye Mouse[tm]) for soldiers, pilots or the disabled for hands-free operations.

ZENWA, INC. 25 Hampshire St. Sudbury, MA 01776
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 443-8636 Mr. Jacob L. Kuykendall, Jr. ARMY 04-191 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Innovative portable human / computer interface system for performance monitoring / prediction and eye movement robotic control
Abstract:	The primary objective of this research is to develop an innovative portable human / computer interface system for performance monitoring / performance prediction based on eye movement. The system will be capable of capturing gaze, pupil, and saccadic movements in each eye individually, simultaneously, at a high frequency, using several fiber optic and holographic technologies. A second primary objective is to detect point of fixation of eyes. The eyes provide both a means by which the soldier may be monitored, and a mechanism by which the soldier may potentially exert control over aspects of his/her environment. Impairments in pupils and eye movements are seen with fatigue and sleepiness, medication use, toxin exposures and have been shown to precede performance failures. The proposed work will build upon significant research done in the past, by University of Colorado in the area of the development of an analogous universal packaging platform for optical integrated circuits (OICs). The proposed research, applied to a broad range of optical systems, could revolutionize the applicability, complexity, size, cost and reliability of optical systems. The end product of this research for A04-191 will be an input / output system that employs infrared probes that are embedded within the prescription (or non-prescription) polymer lenses of user eyeglasses, connected via a small multi-fiber cable thus requiring no external or head mounted devices

ANP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 824 Interchange Boulevard Newark, DE 19711
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(302) 283-1730 Dr. Ray Yin ARMY 04-192 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Novel Protein Nanodelivery Systems for Biological Agent Countermeasures
Abstract:	We propose to develop a universal strategy to encapsulate protein-based therapeutics using our patented non-toxic, non-immunogenic, water soluble, nanometer size capsules. These nanocapsules have a functionalized surface rendering them "unseen" by the normal immunogenic scavenging response of the body. In addition, the nanoencapsulated proteins not only exhibit superior shelf stability, but are also capable of withstanding various (harsh) formulation conditions without loss of protein activity.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4154 Ms. Marina Temchenko ARMY 04-192 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Self-Assembling System for Targeted Nanodelivery of Proteins (STOP)
Abstract:	The proposed program presents a novel approach to the design of a biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, water-soluble nanodelivery system, that allows for the stabilization of proteins and for delivery in a controlled manner. Conflicts in recent world history have seen an influx in the usage of untraditional munitions by groups and nations aiming to press their agendas against the will of the international community. Such parties pose immediate and long-term threats to the defense and security of the American people, thus substantiating the importance of research aimed at the development of a Self-Assembling System for Targeted Nanodelivery of Proteins (STOP) to protect deployed personnel from biological agents, such as anthrax. In the Phase I Base program, STOP development will focus on the preparation and characterization of nanocapsules capable of preserving the activity of antibodies to the protective antigen. The program will focus on developing a method of deposition of the antibodies into the carrier system and determining the release rate and activity of the incorporated antibodies. The Option program will involve scale-up and evaluating the stability of the nanoencapsulated antibodies and the rate of its release in human plasma. (P-040588)

SIMQUEST INTERNATIONAL LLC 1010 Wayne Avenue, Suite 940 Silver Spring, MD 20910
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 587-9440 Dr. Howard R. Champion ARMY 04-193 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Simulation-Based Open Surgery Training System (SOSTS)
Abstract:	This proposal is for a PC-based open surgical trainer that will (1) provide training for elements of tasks critical to combat casualty care and (2) provide the scientific basis for a "haptics-on, haptics-off" trainer. Although initial simulator-based training in basic open surgical skills needs to employ haptics, such training may be reinforced with non-haptics-based simulation that may employ replacement feedback (ie, visual or audio). We propose to augment our current HOSTS system for initial training with a haptics-optional component for continued and refresher training. The tasks we will use for the prototype are steps in wound debridement and placement of a tibial pin. These procedures offer important steps in a broad strategic scientific endeavor and will provide technologies of immediate use to the military that will be transportable to other tasks and procedures in both civilian and military settings. This initial Phase I effort will assess the state of the art in available open-source technologies relative to what we have already planned with our ongoing HOSTS effort. In addition, we will assess the specific training requirements and propose metrics for our two chosen scenarios and use these to define the simulation development and training evaluation plans for Phase II.

TOUCH OF LIFE TECHNOLOGIES 761 Madison Denver, CO 80206
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 724-0514 Dr. Karl D. Reinig ARMY 04-193 Awarded: 13DEC00
Title:	Simulation-Based Open Surgery Training System (SOSTS)
Abstract:	ToLTech will design a realistic and adaptive, virtual reality based simulator for surgical incisions. The simulator will provide a platform for surgical procedures to be practiced and evaluated in any part of the entire human body. The simulator will include embedded metrics for the evaluation of user techniques, and efficiency. It may also be used to evaluate the feasibility of new surgical approaches or yet to be built surgical devices. ToLTech will utilize data from the Visible Human, proprietary classification masks and 3D stereoscopic and haptic feedback devices to display the surgical field. This virtual reality implementation provides unconstrained adaptation and alteration of the surgical presentation and the most quantitative assessment information available. This training tool can be used and reused in a learner-centered environment and utilized at the users pace and time. A full curriculum for a wide array of surgical experience will be provided in the Phase II portion of this grant. Milestone demonstrations of surgical reality will be available during the Phase I portion of the grant. This simulator will utilize many of the tissue deformation and performance assessment tools developed for other ToLTech implementations of Arthroscopy, Arthrocentesis and Fractured Femur Simulators.

BIOTRACES, INC. 13455 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 200 Herndon, VA 20171
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 793-0907 Dr. Andrzej K. Drukier ARMY 04-194 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Development of High Throughput Bioassays to Identify Correlates of Protective Immunity Against Malaria
Abstract:	Malaria currently affects 300-500 million people worldwide and leads to about 2 million deaths annually. Development of a vaccine is critical to reducing the number of deaths and disability. BioTraces, Inc. applied its proprietary detection method called Multi-Photon Detection (MPD) to measuring protein levels and developed two types of super-sensitive immunoassays, IA/MPD and Super-ELISA. These assays have about one hundred-fold higher sensitivity than prior art protein quantitation methods. In this proposal, MPD immunoassays will be used to measure cytokine levels in the blood to characterize the immune response to vaccination. In Phase I, we will: develop assays for TGFB1, IL-2 and IL-5; study the variation of cytokine levels with age, especially, TGFB1, IFNgamma, TFNgamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 levels in healthy men and women, with a focus on children; and use the newly developed and existing assays to measure the immune response to vaccination. In Phase II, P-chips/MPD will be developed to perform a complete immunoprofile from a single blood sample.

SAFE, INC. 5200 S Lakeshore Drive, # 240 Tempe, AZ 85283
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 838-3721 Mr. Stanley P. Desjardins ARMY 04-195 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	A Modular, Lightweight, Removable Ballistic Protection System for Aviation Helmets
Abstract:	The HGU-56/P aviator helmet is designed to protect the head from blunt impact trauma in survivable helicopter crashes and configured to serve as a platform on which to mount the helmet-mounted equipment (HME). Except for the visor, it is not designed to provide ballistic protection as the concurrent increase in weight of past designs would not have been acceptable. Recent progress in materials development now makes the addition of some level of protection a viable option. SAFE's proposed program is structured to develop a ballistic cover for the HGU-56/P flight helmet. The ballistic cover will be compatible with the HME and can be easily donned or doffed in flight, as needed, so the small amount of added weight is acceptable to the pilots for the relatively short periods of time the extra protection is needed. SAFE's program is structured to thoroughly investigate the available candidate materials, perform a trade off, select the most efficient materials, or combination of materials, and to perform a design development effort to produce the configuration that provides the most ballistic protection possible within acceptable weight limits while retaining the blunt trauma impact protection of the existing helmet. The program includes use of an advanced methodology that assures achievement of the optimum design.

PROCELL CORP. 9700 Great Seneca Highway, Suite 182 Rockville, MD 20850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 453-6247 Dr. Yvonne J. Rosenberg ARMY 04-196 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	A Homologous Non-Human Primate Model System for Producing and Testing Recombinant Human Compatible Serum Butyrylcholinesterase
Abstract:	Nerve gas and insecticides pose ever increasing military and civilian threats. In recent years exogenous administration of cholinesterases have been successfully used as safe and efficacious prophylactic treatments due to their capacity to scavenge organo-phosphate (OP) toxins before inhibition of the targeted endogenous acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can occur. Based on availability, broad spectrum efficacy, stability and safety, homologous native BChE represents to date the best candidate in terms of developing a human treatment. However, while the currently used methods of native enzyme isolation from frozen human plasma are effective on a laboratory scale, they are time consuming and expensive. These factors, coupled with potential safety issues associated with the purification of proteins from human blood (i.e. hepatitis, HIV, prion and West Nile virus contamination), highlight the importance of developing recombinant BChE technology as an alternate and parallel strategy for commercial production. The overall objective of this Phase 1 proposal is to develop an homologous non-human primate model in which recombinant(r)macaque(Ma)BChE, can be produced and tested in macaques as an alternate pharmaceutical bioscavenger to the native enzyme. The recombinant product/s should exhibit chemical and functional properties similar to native molecules i.e. long circulatory stability and no immunogenicity following injection into homologous hosts. This study aims to (i) Express both recombinant tetrameric and monomeric forms of MaBChE by stable trasnsfection of CHO cells.(ii) Optimize in vivo stability of both MaBChE forms by chemical modification using polyethylene glycol, in order to overcome the deleterious effects of incomplete sialyation of recombinant molecules (iii) Monitor the pharmacokinetics of clearance in mice injected with native MaBChE compared to those receiving the modified and unmodified tetrameric and monomeric rMaBChE. (iv) Produce 40mg (28,000U) of eaqch of the most stable monomers and tetramers and assess their rates of clearance and ability to induce anti-BChE antibody. In phase II, through collaborative efforts or partnerships, scaled-up production of human rBChE will be performed under GMP conditions to conduct human trials.

TERA BIOTECHNOLOGY CORP. 1641 28th St. San Diego, CA 92102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 272-2052 Dr. Andrew Baird ARMY 04-196 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Model System for In Vivo Testing of Bioscavengers
Abstract:	Current information indicates that bioterrorists have contemplated using organophosphate (OP) nerve agents against Americans. This situation points to a need for methods to detoxicate, decontaminate, and detect OP nerve agents. Human butyrylcholinesterase (hBchE) scavenges low doses of OP agents and protects people form the toxic effects, and is one of the main target enzymes being developed as a catalytic and/or stoichiometric chemical agent scavenger. We propose to develop an animal system that can offer systematic evaluation of the pharmacokinetic feature and immunogenicity of the protein reagent. In this system, a compatible animal protein will be tested in the same animal species Information derived from this homologous system will be used to predict the parallel human response. The system will also be used to evaluate different methodologies to produce stable form of recombinant BchE enzyme. The development of this homologous non-human system to evaluate BchE will provide guidelines for the manufacture and clinical use of recombinant hBchE.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4657 Dr. Dwight Meglan ARMY 04-197 Selected for Award
Title:	Electromechanically and Sensor Enhanced Endoscopic Tools
Abstract:	Current techniques for minimally invasive surgery suffer from limitations in four general areas: access, dexterity, information, and action. We need to improve navigation to the site and supply the degrees of freedom for proper performance once there. We also need to report the appropriate metrics to facilitate decision-making for surgeons functioning almost completely without a sense of touch. Empowering surgeons to act as skillfully in MIS as in open surgery also requires providing feedback during procedures, to allow for fine-tuning. The field of ergonomics promises reduction in error percentages and fatigue levels with improvements in the type, resolution, and display of information conveyed to surgeons. Although master-slave robots hold some promise, they are too large and expensive for near-term adoption, and they entail significant disruption in operating room practices. We propose to investigate MIS access, dexterity, information, and action exhaustively and to create a design for affordable enhancements to existing tool tips. We intend first to mimic tactile and haptic sensation and boost dexterity while refining the collection and presentation of usable information. We seek evolution rather than revolution, suggesting incremental improvement to the familiar, which is both self-perpetuating and more marketable than the completely new. (P-040592)

SUN BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES 1539 N. China Lake Blvd, Suite A Ridgecrest, CA 93555
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 549-3120 Dr. Guck T. Ooi ARMY 04-198 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High-Throughput Proteomics Strategy for Detection and Identification of Biomarkers of Malaria Exposure
Abstract:	This proposal will focus on identification and characterization of host proteomic responses to malaria during the early stages of exposure prior to the development of clinical symptoms. The in vivo study will be complemented by in vitro studies where early host responses during the pre-erythrocyte, hepatic and non-symptomatic stage of the disease will be fully characterized using combined proteomics and genomics technologies to accelerate the identification of blood biomarkers that will lead to highly accurate and sensitive diagnosis of early exposure to malaria infection. We will use ProteinChip Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption and Ionization (SELDI) technology combined with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOF-MS) as a high throughput proteomic strategy to screen and identify early molecular markers predictive of malaria disease progression. This strategy can be easily automated to provide a rapid, sensitive and high throughput proteomic system to identify molecular signatures of malaria exposure. Selected candidate biomarkers in plasma/serum will be validated in a larger population, and will be assessed to determine their utility in prediction of malaria exposure. Our goal is to develop a rapid, robust and portable diagnostic kit or biosensor based on the validated malaria biomarkers.

ETYMOTIC RESEARCH, INC. 61 Martin Lane Elk Grove Village, IL 60007
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 228-0006 Dr. Mead C. Killion ARMY 04-199 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	An Active Noise Reduction Communication Earplug for Helicopter Crew
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to develop an earplug for use by helicopter crews, to be worn within the earcanal, and equipped with an active noise reduction (ANR) system, with performance for speech communication and hearing protection meeting U.S. Army safety requirements. From an analysis of the performance of earplugs with ANR, it appears that there are several approaches that could provide the required performance, provided a good air seal can be obtained between the earplug and the walls of the ear canal. A decision on which to pursue can then be made based on its performance with speech reproduction. The goal of the Phase I work is to approach the Phase II specifications in a working laboratory model of a communication earplug equipped with an ANR system. Several devices with different control structures will be constructed. The performance of each device will be compared to the target specifications, until a decision can be made on which of the alternative devices and control structures to pursue. This decision is expected to occur during the Phase I Option. The financial cost and complexity for a pair of each device will be included in the evaluation.

PLANNING SYSTEMS, INC. 12030 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 400, Reston Plaz Reston, VA 20191
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 788-7791 Mr. Gary Giban ARMY 04-199 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	An Active Noise Reduction Communication Earplug for Helicopter Crew
Abstract:	Helicopter crewmembers must function in an environment with high background noise that can cause hearing damage. With current hearing protection, excessive noise exposure may still occur in 30% of the aviation environments. We propose to extend the capabilities of the standard passive communication earplug by implementing our proven adaptive, active noise reduction (ANR) algorithms. In Phase I we package microphones within the earplug and demonstrate enhanced noise reduction performance enabled by ANR, using standard development electronics to implement the algorithms. In Phase II we focus on transitioning the algorithm implementation to electronics actually housed within the earplug while ensuring the safety and comfort of the users.

RED TAIL HAWK CORP. P.O. Box 7010 Ithaca, NY 14851
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 269-0702 Dr. John W. Parkins ARMY 04-199 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	An Active Noise Reduction Communication Earplug for Helicopter Crew
Abstract:	An active noise control (ANC) earplug with communications capability is proposed. The earplug implements a new passive attenuation feature and a novel ANC approach. When used in combination with an earmuff, over 50 dB(A) of noise attenuation will be achieved. The attenuation of the system will be limited only by bone-conducted noise. Safety and comfort, as well as performance issues have been addressed.

SOUND INNOVATIONS, INC. 49 Eagle Ridge Drive Lebanon, NH 03766
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 448-3481 Dr. Robert D. Collier ARMY 04-199 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	An Active Noise Reduction Communication Earplug for Helicopter Crew
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR research develops a prototype active earplug and hybrid feedforward-feedback active noise control (ANR) algorithm to provide at least 40 dB noise reduction over all frequencies when used in conjunction with a Gentex HGU-56 helmet. Ear insert hardware will be fabricated from an existing communication earplug (CEP), and an existing hybrid ANR algorithm, used in prior ANR research for circumaural earcups, will be modified for the earplug. The ANR algorithm is implemented on a DSP development system for rapid design and optimization of feedforward and feedback components. The feedforward ANR component is based on the investigator's patented Lyapunov tuning method, which provides excellent stability and noise reduction performance for both stationary and non-stationary noise sources. Prototype hardware and hybrid ANR algorithms will be evaluated through flat plate testing and using a HEAD Acoustics manikin. Experimental evaluation will determine ANR algorithm stability margins and performance with respect to noise source characteristics with and without communication feedthrough. Phase I option tasks provide an initial assessment of communication and speech intelligibility and initiate development of an autonomous ANR module prototype for flight testing early in Phase II.

COMPUTATIONAL DIAGNOSTICS, INC. 5001 Baum Blvd., Suite 426 Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(412) 681-9990 Mr. Brian D. Errigo ARMY 04-200 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Volume Conduction Invasive Medical Data Communication System
Abstract:	The recent war on terrorism and international peace-keeping missions have clearly shown the increase of threats from non-traditional enemies. Protecting soldiers from immediate casualties and knowing their physiological status represent an important problem in the battlefield of the future. One powerful solution to this problem is to implant, using advanced minimally invasive techniques, a millimeter or sub-millimeter size, but highly intelligent device within the body of soldiers for physiological monitoring, threat alert, internal stimulation, and drug-delivery. Resent development in sub-micron electronics, nanotechnology, and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have provided powerful tools for constructing devices of this type. However, one fundamental problem has not yet been solved: how do these devices communicate with computers outside the human body? Running wires across the skin is clearly unacceptable in the battlefield environment, wireless radio frequency (RF) connection through the body has a number of drawbacks. The primary goal of this research is to develop a communication and power delivery channel capable of passing information between the inside and the outside of the human body. This channel will be constructed within a prototype miniature implantable device and will be thoroughly tested to demonstrate its feasibility.

ADVANCED SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 39255 Country Club Drive, Suite B-12 Farmington Hills, MI 48331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 553-9375 Dr. Hal Cantor ARMY 04-201 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Novel Routes of Drug Administration to Enhance Compliance in Soldiers
Abstract:	WHO estimates that between 300 and 500 million new cases of malaria occur each year and annual deaths from the disease number between 2 and 3 million. Although there are several compounds known to be effective for treating malaria, including quinine, doxycycline, primaquine, azithromycin, and erythromycin, side effects associated with the oral administration of these drugs results in incomplete medication compliance, which has been determined to be the major cause of malaria infections among US armed forces. To avoid the side effects responsible for non-compliance, alternative routes of administration have been investigated, including transdermal delivery. Moreover, as a means to reduce the development of parasitic resistance to antibiotics, researchers have been investigating the use of pulsatile delivery. Advanced Sensor Technologies, Inc. proposes the development of a wearable transdermal PulsePatch that delivers anti-malarial drugs in a transdermal, pulsatile manner. The Pulse Patch will be comprised of a micro-iontophoresis system, constructed using MEMS and CMOS technologies, and a polymer matrix electrolyte reservoir that contains the drug. This system will deliver precise square wave pulses of antibiotic through the skin to increase the efficacy of treatment, as well as compliance to anti-malarial prophylaxis, by eliminating the side effects that result from oral administration.

RESODYN CORP. 1901 South Franklin Butte, MT 59701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(406) 723-2222 Dr. Fangxiao Yang ARMY 04-201 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Transdermal Delivery of Anti-Malarial Drug
Abstract:	This Phase I proposal is aimed to develop a technology to delivery lipophilic therapeutic ingredients in broad and antimalarial drug primaquine in specific through skins. The proposed driving force of delivering target drugs is the opposite chemical affiliation of storage copolymer matrix and active therapeutic ingredient. The technology includes the formulation of patches - hydrophilic polymers, selection of permeation enhancers, encapsulation of primaquine in the polymers and drug diffusion flux measurements. The patches will be tested in vitro with cadaver skins for primaquine release or diffusion rate in the Phase I study. In Phase II study, the tests will apply to live animals and human subjects for delivery efficiency evaluation. The key features of the proposed transdermal delivery devices are: � Effective delivery lipophilic anti-malarial drug to the skin � Controllable dosage in the preparation � Enhanced compliance for administration of soldiers � Easy to be carried with soldier and long storage life � Easy and inexpensive to be prepared � Easy to be applied by users The proposed study meets the topic narrative for DOD solicitation A04-200 "Novel Routes of Drug Administration to Enhance Compliance in Soldiers"

GALILEO PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 5301 Patrick Henry Drive Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 654-5830 Dr. Charles Hart ARMY 04-202 Selected for Award
Title:	Metabolic Engineering for Performance Enhancement
Abstract:	We propose to identify plant-derived bioactive compounds for use as nutritional supplements to mitigate stress-induced deficiencies in warfighter cognative and physical performance. The nutritional status of individuals in high stess settings plays a significant role in their performance. While much work has been done examining caloric and hydration needs, less well defined is the role of phytomolecular micronutrients. While an RDA exists for vitamins and other metallo-cofactors, there does not exist, despite clear relevance, an explicit RDA for plant-derived micronutrients. Additionally, while substantial epidemiologic evidence supports the central role of "fruits and vegetables" (e.g., the food pyramid) there is an absence of technologies to define the specific relevant phytonutrients. We will apply GalileoPharma's state-of-the-art biotechnology tools, generally deployed to develop drugs, to characterize specific nutrients that will enhance physical and mental performance. The strategy we propose to follow is to target both the redox-based cellular energetic stress and the down stream inflammatory response to metabolic stress with a multifunctional compound. GalileoPharma brings two unique resources to this project: (1) a library of compounds derived from edible plants in cell culture; and (2) a panel of functional cell-based assays measuring oxidative and redox stress and inflammation pathways.

COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 135 S. Taylor Avenue Louisville, CO 80027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 604-2000 Mr. Carl Embry ARMY 04-203 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Compact, Low Cost, Real-Time Lidar Wind Sensor
Abstract:	Wind estimation is a large component in the error budget for high altitude, long offset distance, precision airdrops. Cargo landing accuracy would greatly improve by precise crosswind measurements on the guided platform - a capability currently not available. CTI proposes to design and demonstrate an operational form-factor prototype wind sensor that provides real-time wind measurements to a guided airdrop system. Our baseline approach, simulated using high-performance lidar modeling codes, uses all off-the-shelf telecommunication components and automated assembly methods to meet the stringent cost and weight requirements. Phase I will deliver a trade study of primary and alternate architectures, a prototype sensor design and production cost estimates. Early in Phase II, the design, build, and test of a laboratory prototype sensor will be completed. The information gained in this experiment will be used for the development of an operational form-factor prototype that will be tested at an appropriate Army facility. These Phase I/II efforts will leverage CTI's experience in deploying wind lidar. Not only does CTI have commercial Doppler wind lidars at domestic and international airports, but we have also flown ~6 different coherent lidar transceivers on over twelve different fixed and rotary wing aircraft, while logging hundreds of successful flight hours.

OPTICAL AIR DATA SYSTEMS L.P. 10531 Terminal Road Manassas, VA 20110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 393-0754 Dr. Pri Mamadipudi ARMY 04-203 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Miniature, Low Cost Real-Time Weather Sensor for Airdrop
Abstract:	The Army is developing a series of gliding parachute systems such as the PAGASYS and WSADS which rely on detailed wind prediction. The lack of availabilty of accurate wind profiling data results in significant uncertainty during final approach and air drop. Future systems will need to incorporate actual on-board real time sensors which provide actual real time wind measurement. The sensor developed by Optical Air Data Systems is an all fiber optic remote wind sensing device capable of being placed on board the air drop platform.

EIC LABORATORIES, INC. 111 Downey Street Norwood, MA 02062
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 769-9450 Dr. Trung Hung Nguyen ARMY 04-204 Awarded: 30NOV04
Title:	High Performance Rechargeable Li-ion Conformal Battery
Abstract:	Battery power is rapidly becoming a major factor in military planning because of the growing power-consuming hi-tech system carried by the soldier on the battlefield. Unless new high-energy power source is developed, they will create a logistics and tactical burden for the soldier. EIC proposes to develop a safe and flexible rechargeable Li-ion battery with specific energy and energy density of respectively >200 Wh/kg and 490 Wh/l. Unlike conventional prismatic battery that uses hermetic metal cans, our proposed flat film battery will be packaged in thin, light, and flexible laminated packet. The flexibility of the cell will allow it to conform to the body contour of soldiers and to be integrated into the Scorpion/Objective Force Warrior chassis. EIC will be working with Compact Power Incorporated (CPI) to develop working conformal Li-ion rechargeable battery prototypes at the end of the Phase I program.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. Sorhab Hossain ARMY 04-204 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	A safe, lightweight, conformal lithium-ion battery for land warrior applications
Abstract:	The need for a safe, lightweight, slim, conformal rechargeable for land warrior system is recognized. The proposed project addresses to investigate the feasibility of developing such a battery. A novel electrochemical couple is proposed for the development of a safe high specific energy lithium-ion battery system. The proposed anode material, which delivers 50% higher practical capacity than the state-of-the-art carbon anode materials, will be used to address both high specific energy and safety issues. Prototype 12 Ah cells will be developed and tested for delivered specific energy, cyclability, and safety characteristics. The developed cells will be used to build prototype 12 Ah, 16.8 V battery for land warrior application.

MAK TECHNOLOGIES 10 Fawcett Street Cambridge, MA 02318
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 876-8085 Mr. Thomas Stanzione ARMY 04-205 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Smart Terrain for Autonomous Agent Applications
Abstract:	Current combat simulations use polygonal representations of the terrain, augmented with vector data, for terrain reasoning. While these data provide the basic terrain representation needed for vehicle dynamics and weapon system effects, they do not provide the semantic information needed for higher level reasoning, especially for modeling of human behaviors within a combat environment. Semantic information goes beyond the physical characteristics that most terrain databases provide, and includes relationships between terrain features and how they can be used in the performance of specific combat missions. Humans can interpret this additional semantic data and make decisions based on it, but human behavior algorithms need these data to be represented within the combat simulations. M?K Technologies proposes to develop terrain representation enhancements in common terrain representations that support the incorporation of semantic data that will augment the current polygon and vector representation. We will develop automated tools to extract semantic information where possible, and other tools to assist terrain developers in extracting semantic information where it is not possible to fully automate the process. We will demonstrate this terrain representation in M?K VR-Forces, a commercial-off-the-shelf CGF system, in Phase I, and the IWARS dismounted infantry simulation at the end of Phase II.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Mr. Roger Van Tassell ARMY 04-206 Awarded: 30DEC04
Title:	Enhancement of Fluorescence in Protease Assays for Biowarfare Toxin
Abstract:	In this complex world of ever-increasing chemical and biological threats, rapid and simple assays for detecting the release of hazardous compounds or microorganisms are of major interest. Because of the sensitivity and availability of novel fluorogenic formats, fluorescence assays have come of age. Bacterial toxins expected to be involved in the pathogenicity of biowarfare agents include the lethal toxin (LT) of Bacillus anthracis and the neurotoxins (BoNT) of Clostridium botulinum which also have medical applications that warrant sensitive assays for inhibitor studies. The anthrax LT actually consists of two components, the protective antigen (PA) and the lethal factor (LF), a zinc metalloprotease. The LF is responsible for the devastating effects of all forms of anthrax. This Phase I effort will focus on, i) optimizing the fluorescent substrate assays currently being developed at Luna and elsewhere, ii) preparing and characterizing fluorescence enhancing silver colloids and silver complexes, and iii) integrating the silver nanoparticles with the fluorescent substrates by adsorption and covalent coupling for fluorescent signal enhancement. Upon successful completion of the proof-of-complex feasibility studies, Phase I Option and Phase II work will include further studies and collaborations in which the enhancement of fluorescent assays for BoNT and other toxin proteases will be examined.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Mr. Kevin Yu ARMY 04-207 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Solar Cogeneration Using Holographic Concentrators for Heating and Electricity
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new thin, lightweight highly efficient, rugged, low-cost film-based self-deployable solar cogeneration holographic concentrator (SCHOC) for heating water and generating electricity for use in Army field kitchens (MKTs). The SCHOC consists of two sets of flexible holographic concentrators, a mosaic of heat focusing holographic optical elements (H-HOEs) and light focusing/holographic optical elements (L-HOEs). The H-HOE, based on a reflective holographic optical element, will reflect a broadband spectrum above 800 nm. The reflected and concentrated IR energy of the solar radiation will be transferred to the heat transfer fluid inside the absorber tube, and then be transferred to the water inside the water heater until it reaches the desired temperature; at the same time it will effectively cool down the MKT. The transmitted visible light will be focused by the L-HOE onto a series of high efficiency photovoltaic cells to generate electricity. In Phase I a laboratory prototype system will be designed and developed and its performance analyzed, and the concept will be characterized by means of experimental demonstrations. When fully developed, the proposed SCHOC system will be lightweight, efficient, environmentally stable, and producible at low cost, well suited for Army field kitchen applications.

FOX PARACHUTE SERVICES Rt. 1, Box 32A Belleville, WV 26133
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(928) 782-2068 Mr. Roy Fox ARMY 04-208 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Variable Glide Aerial Delivery Parachute Systems
Abstract:	A parachute system with variable glide capability will improve the accuracy and maneuverability achievable for aerial delivery through in-flight configuration changes that can effectively alter the L/D. Such a capability will optimize control in variable environments (e.g. wind) and maximize flexibility in release locations and payload weight ranges. A program is proposed to develop and study potential concepts. Prototype parachutes capable of delivering payloads in the 50lb to 500lb range will be fabricated and tested.

OCEAN NANOTECH, LLC 3468 W. Yale St. Fayetteville, AR 72704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(479) 871-0707 Dr. Y. Andrew Wang ARMY 04-209 Awarded: 06DEC04
Title:	Nano Porous Azobenzene Dendron Films for Laser Eye and Sensor Protection
Abstract:	We have developed an innovative lensless optical power limiting system for green region exploiting photoanisotropy of azobenzene films for low power continuous wave and high power nanosecond pulsed lasers (also with picosecond in solutions). It is a promising technique for next generation laser eye and sensor protection. For a practical device application with films we have to optimize the photoanisotropy to reduce the exciting beam power requirement, improve the response time for ultrashort pulse application and explore avenues for broadband response. To address these issues, this SBIR team proposes films of NanoPAD and MesoPAD systems. The NanoPAD system is designed to use nanosize pores to facilitate ease of photoisomerization and orientation of the azobenzene molecules as in a solution. The interaction between the azobenzene and the host polymer is minimized by reducing their contact area. Further decrease in the interaction will be achieved by reducing polymer polarity. The MesoPAD system is designed with free space around azobenzene molecules to make the environment solution-like for fast response. Finally, several azobenzene molecules will be incorporated into both systems for broadband applications. Protection at both low and high power over the entire visible region will be achieved demonstrating Technology Readiness Level 3.

TECHDRIVE, INC. 3255 S. Dearborn Street, Suite 320 Chicago, IL 60616
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(312) 567-3446 Dr. Braja Mandal ARMY 04-209 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Rational Design and Synthesis of New Azobenzene Materials for Use in Broadband Laser Eye and Sensor Protection
Abstract:	The proposed syntheses of new, specifically designed azobenzene derivatives will expand the armamentarium of materials needed to address deficiencies in current use of lasers which cause serious damage to human eyes and sensing devices. The proposal outlines one-step syntheses of several novel azobenzene model compounds, including those which enhance both the rate of trans-cis-trans isomerizations of the azo linkage and broadband coverage. In addition, a new class of three-dimensional high molecular weight dendritic azobenzene materials will be prepared. All of these materials will be evaluated by characterizing ground-state UV-Vis-IR absorption and by measurement of photoinduced anisotropy.

MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP. 200 Yellow Place, Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 631-3550 Dr. Robert P. Scaringe ARMY 04-210 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Demonstration of an Integrated Solar-Powered Multi-Temperature Refrigerated Container System
Abstract:	The Army has included provisions for Preplanned Product Improvement in the Multi-Temperature Refrigerated Container System (MTRCS) Operational Requirements Document calling for innovations such as alternative energy sources. As the price of photovoltaic power decreases, new opportunities for its use develop. Maintaining refrigerated space does not take an enormous amount of power and therefore solar-powered refrigeration offers an ideal application for photovoltaics. Containers offer a significant structure and surface area on which photovoltaic arrays can be mounted. Mainstream has already developed key component technologies necessary for the successful demonstration of a solar powered refrigerated container. These technologies are discussed in detail in this proposal and include a DC hermetic compressor, an advanced high-lift refrigeration cycle, rechargeable nanotube batteries, an advanced condenser design, and a lightweight backup diesel generator. Mainstream has already performed the feasibility study for this solar powered refrigerated container application. Mainstream's Phase I objective is to perform the design of a rugged, high-reliability solar-powered refrigerated container based on the requirements set out in the solicitant and discussed in this proposal.

PARAGON SPACE DEVELOPMENT CORP. 2700 East Executive Drive, Suite 100 Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 903-1000 Mr. David J. Bergeron III ARMY 04-210 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Solar Refrigeration
Abstract:	The Army Combat Feeding Equipment and Technology Team has identified the potential merits of using renewable energy to power the refrigeration unit for their 20-ft food containers. Using renewable energy can reduce both the operational and location footprint of these containers. Renewable energy systems typically find markets in situations where the cost to deliver energy to the end device is high. The cost of transporting fuel and providing service to diesel power generators located in remote parts of the world is very high, and thus creates an opportunity to consider the use of renewable energy systems that will significantly reduce both fuel use and the maintenance logistics burden for these systems. In the case of food refrigeration, several similar technology systems have already been developed that support the notion that this is a practical application of renewable energy.

COMMUNITY POWER CORP. 8420 South Continental Divide Rd Littleton, CO 80127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 933-3135 Mr. Jim Diebold ARMY 04-211 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Onsite Field-Feeding Waste to Energy Converter
Abstract:	Community Power Corporation (CPC) and its team members will research the potential of using field-feeding waste to provide on-site power for a variety of applications. The team will begin by developing an in-depth understanding of the Army's field-feeding process and the requirements for a military-grade waste to energy converter. We will then perform a detailed assessment of the biomass resource, select candidate fuel(s), and use this resource as part of a proof-of-principle test to be conducted at CPC's facilities. CPC will apply its substantial experience in the research, development and deployment of first-of-a-kind small modular biopower systems to the referenced test in which we will convert field-feeding waste to electricity and heat in a small downdraft gasifier. Using either equipment from the Army, or similar systems, we will also demonstrate the ability to power certain applications. We will use the experience gained in Phase I to guide the development and testing of a prototype waste to energy converter in Phase II. An optional Phase I program is also provided to develop a preliminary design of an On-Site Waste to Energy Converter.

GREEN LIQUID & GAS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 2900 NW 14th Place Gainesville, FL 32605
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(352) 392-2001 Dr. Alex E.S. Green ARMY 04-211 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Onsite Field-Feeding Waste to Energy Converter
Abstract:	This is a proposal by Green Liquids and Gas Technologies (GLGT) with the Clean Combustion Technology Laboratory of the University of Florida (UF) as a sub contractor. The task is to establish the feasibility of adapting GLGT's patented auger driven pyrolizer/gasifier (ADPG) to meet the operational requirements for onsite field-feeding waste to energy conversion (OFWEC). We propose to conduct research and development intended to lead to a professionally designed and constructed versions of an existing ADPG (Mark 3). One module will have the waste processing-conversion capacity to dispose of a company's field feeding solid waste (FFSW). A six fold multiple unit (MADPG) will have the capacity needed to convert the FFSW of an Army's battalion. We will also examine the possibility of using the same MADPG system to convert the bio-solid waste and petroleum lubricant waste to energy. Mark 3 has previously worked with wood chips, bagasse, sawdust pellets, oak bark, coal and blends thereof. The goals of later phases of this OFWEC project is to design and build a prototype of a mobile system for converting a battalion's field feeding waste and other useable waste to meet onsite energy needs.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Tin M. Aye ARMY 04-212 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Flexible Polymer Guided Light Array Scanning Textile-Mounted Display
Abstract:	To address the Army's need for ultrathin, flexible, high-resolution electronic color displays for use on soldiers' uniforms and on interior and exterior shelter fabrics, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new rollable Polymer Guided Light Array Scanning (POLYGLAS) display that is low-cost, low-power, compact, full-color, rugged, and sunlight readable. The proposed display is based on a unique combination of three technologies: a miniature light scanner based on light emitting diodes (LEDs) and a microelectromechanical (MEM) element; highly flexible polymer waveguide array laminates; and a novel holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal switching fabric. POC's proposed display surpasses current flexible displays in terms of size, power, resolution, color, and speed. This is achieved by direct modulation of light through a flexible polymer waveguide array with an ultrathin coating of holographic polymer switching fabric. With the megahertz speed of LEDs and time-multiplexing, the display will have grayscale capability with high dynamic range and dimming range. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed textile-mounted display approach by design and analysis, demonstration of component fabrication, and integration into a functional demonstration unit.

KITESHIP CORP. 2004 Silver Lake Way Martinez, CA 94553
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 550-6738 Mr. David Culp ARMY 04-213 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Low Drag, Low Cost Suspension Line Technology for Parachutes
Abstract:	We propose to attack line drag reduction from 2 directions, both of which utilize round cross-sectioned lines. We have previously assisted in the development of high strength, low drag, minimal diameter round cross-sectioned lines using novel construction techniques, but with standard and high modulus materials which are already airdrop acceptable. We have found large reductions in line drag using these construction techniques. We base our second approach on the fact that line vibration, induced by the moving air itself, contributes greatly to line drag. We propose to continue past investigations and tests of several variations of line treatments designed to ameliorate and/or attenuate lines' tendency to oscillate while in flight (so-called Aeolian vibration), and especially, such oscillations' ability to form and reform resonant and harmonic vibrations. We propose to build a large scale drag testing jig and compare the drag of these lines to standard parachute suspension line materials, both in short lengths and in lengths too long to contain in wind tunnels. We propose to limit our investigation to techniques which minimize the need for specialized line braiding equipment or post-manufacture alteration of lines. We further propose to limit our investigation to anti-oscillation techniques which are inexpensive to implement and which don't appreciably alter normal and typical methods used to attach suspension lines to canopies, payloads, etc, for instance with knots, sewn loops, larksheads and the like.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Ilya Agurok ARMY 04-214 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Solid-State LED Illumination System
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop an innovative solid-state illumination (SOSIL) system for U.S. Army soft shelters. The proposed SOSIL will comprise an array of single light fixture assemblies, each a high-brightness white LED with a proprietary POC nonimaging beamformer. An array of 12 light fixtures will evenly illuminate an Army shelter. The SOSIL is designed to illuminate without glare or dazzle, even when viewing a light fixture directly. The SOSIL power supply will apply variable duty cycle 200 Hz light modulation for light dimming and heat management. The SOSIL fixtures will be permanently attached to the shelter, transportable, and deployable as part of the shelter. Unlike current systems, the SOSIL will have no fragile vacuum tubes or bulbs, and so will be safe and reliable. The LED's lifetime of 100,000 hr. projects to a 15 yr. operating period, which exceeds the lifetime of the shelter. In Phase I, POC will design the SOSIL and develop and test a light fixture prototype. In Phase II a SOSIL engineering prototype will be developed and tested at an Army facility.

SPACE HARDWARE OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGY, INC. 7200 Highway 150 Greenville, IN 47124
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 923-9591 Mr. Mark Heimerdinger ARMY 04-214 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Efficiency Shelter Lighting Utilizing Solid State Illumination Technology
Abstract:	The Army currently uses fluorescent lighting that is large, heavy, extremely inefficient, and expensive to illuminate deployable shelters. Because the light fixtures can't be rolled up with the portable shelter, they must be individually removed and stowed separately for transport, further compounding the logistics problem. Using a combination of commercially available and internally-developed power management technology, SHOT proposes a systems-engineered approach to this lighting problem. Our lighting system is expected to employ commercially available lighting technology that is more energy efficient, reliable and cost effective than traditional lighting systems. Moreover, the system is projected to provide performance superior to incandescent and fluorescent technologies. It also is anticipated to have the flexibility and capability to use multiple energy sources that are commonly available in remote locations and under combat zone conditions. It will be battlefield-ready for multiple shelter applications, and capable of being used in all types of climates and geographic locations. Our end-product is expected to be an integrated solution that is dependable, reliable, and easy to assemble and reconfigure. Our Phase I research effort will enable us to explore and engineer the subsystems, and then begin to integrate those subsystems together to demonstrate the feasibility of our lighting system.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Kang-Bin Chua ARMY 04-215 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Self-Healing Textile-Based Autonomous Reconfigurable Network
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Army need for a robust wearable multi-path conductive personal area network for data and power transfer, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Self-healing Textile-based Autonomous Reconfigurable Network (STARNet) based on a self-healing conductive ink-based physical (SCIP) layer fabricated on flexible substrates integrated into warrior clothing, with body-conformable wearable connector (WC) elements and innovative multiply redundant power and data networks. The proposed system offers for the first time a biomimetic self-healing capability combined with multiply redundant power and data networks for autonomous reconfiguration capability. The STARNet has snap connection and disconnection of USB and FireWire devices with added reliability from self-healing electrical interconnects for localized breaks in the network. The system is designed to withstand severe environments and repeated laundering cycles, is lightweight, is easy to expand to larger numbers of connected devices, and can be integrated into current or future military uniforms. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the STARNet technology by developing a proof-of-concept STARNet prototype that will achieve a technology readiness level of 4. In Phase II POC will fully integrate selected technologies into Warrior clothing, creating a multipath network with a technology readiness level of 5.

RALLYPOINT, INC. 32 Hereford St. Boston, MA 02115
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 797-0019 Mr. David M. Dozor ARMY 04-216 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Computer Input Devices and Embedded Sensors in Future Warrior Handwear (Gloves)
Abstract:	This project will result in the design and demonstration of an innovative, multifunctional Handwear Computer Input Device (HCID) that allows a soldier to interface his wearable computer through pressing various parts of his glove and by issuing quick, simple hand gestures. The significance of the project is that the HCID, when compared to current designs for the Land Warrior (LW) soldier control unit (SCU), provides greater functionality and imposes less physical restrictions upon the soldier's movements. The HCID will also serve as a device platform that can provide the soldier with additional sensing capabilities while monitoring the soldier's physiology. In Phase I we will select suitable technologies for glove-based multipurpose data input and evaluate both current and novel concepts for connecting the electronics within the glove and from the glove to the soldier's computer. Methods, designs, and analysis established from Phase I will lead to a fully functional prototype HCID that is responsive, flexible, and durable. It will be machine-washable and pass the required MIL-SPEC requirements.

WRIGHT MATERIALS RESEARCH CO. 1187 Richfield Center Beavercreek, OH 45430
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 431-8811 Dr. Seng C. Tan ARMY 04-217 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	Novel Lightweight Composite System for Anti-Personnel Blast Mine Protection
Abstract:	Today it is estimated that there are 110 million active Anti-Personnel (AP) mines in the world, and nearly 20 million of these are concentrated in Afghanistan and Iraq. These weapons remain active for decades after a military conflict and are responsible for killing or maiming up to 500 people a week. Most of the time, a deminer is aware of the landmine, and can take his own precautions, such as increasing the standoff distance to a point where his Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) will be effective. However, the largest threat to a deminer is accidentally stepping on a mine of which he was unaware. This places his foot and his leg in almost direct contact with the explosion. At such a close proximity, the current blast protective footwear can only prevent the loss of his leg at minimal charge masses. Other options for protection are available, but they suffer from either extremely poor traction or greatly reduced mobility. Humanitarian deminers can afford to sacrifice their mobility for the significantly improved protection. However, military deminers must operate at 20 feet per minute. In this Phase I project, we propose to develop a novel, lightweight blast attenuating material system to greatly improve the protection of the current blast protective footwear without sacrificing any of the current traction or mobility. Our system can protect the entire foot from blast damage. And can easily be adopted for use in the current footwear.

RADIANCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 350 Wynn Drive Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 704-3420 Mr. Harvey Gratt ARMY 04-218 Selected for Award
Title:	Enhanced Lethality Munitions for Army Applications
Abstract:	Enhanced lethality munitions are eagerly sought after by the designers of the next generation of smaller, lighter, and cheaper munitions within DoD. A very important issue for the enhancement material is that it be no more massive than the current concepts. In fact, a reduction in mass compared to a common approach of building a missile and adding a warhead, would be to build the missile structural components, i.e. from the lethality enhancers themselves. This would allow the elimination of the extra mass of the warhead while delivering up to ten times the combined energy as a steel warhead, to the target. Bulkheads heatshields, sensor housings, and connecting structures would be the most likely candidates for these materials. These materials can be formed from bimetallic compositions such that they will react spontaneously when exposed to high temperatures / pressures similar to what would be experienced in a missile or bullet impact. Upon ignition, the energy released by the Reactive Materials (RM) can exceed the kinetic energy due to velocity alone by as much as ten times.

MISSILE SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 350 Wynn Dr. Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 704-3420 Mr. Harvey Gratt ARMY 04-219 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) Algorithm Development to Enhance the Lethality of Interceptors Against Maneuvering Targets
Abstract:	The theoretical basis for current GNC algorithms implemented in interceptors has evolved from linear optimal control theory, which includes simple target maneuvers. These implementations suffer from lack of robustness when future threat target maneuvers are encountered, since the interceptor to target maneuver advantage required will exceed the maximums achievable. The spiraling and chaotic nature of ballistic targets in the atmosphere will also stress current GNC capabilities to derive and execute a maneuver fast enough and accurately enough to effect a direct hit.

POLARIS SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5710 Jones Valley Drive Huntsville, AL 35802
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 824-6548 Dr. David Chenault ARMY 04-220 Selected for Award
Title:	Passive, Active Stokes Polarization Imaging System
Abstract:	The ability for polarization to provide additional information in difficult detection scenarios has strong potential to address a variety of hypervelocity interceptor applications. The targeting of a boost phase missile requires a sensor that can both acquire the target and perform plume / hardbody discrimination. For midcourse scenarios, debris and decoy clouds, low thermal contrast, and target orientation determination can also be measured an active or passive imaging polarimeter. In re-entry phase, an imaging polarization sensor can provide aimpoint selection and orientation determination in the presence of a wake. Imaging polarimeters have the disadvantage of reduced throughput due to the polarizer transmission. When an on-demand polarizer is integrated with appropriate optics, the resulting imaging system becomes a dual-mode imager that has both conventional intensity imaging and imaging polarimeter capabilities. This dual-mode system has the advanced discrimination advantages of the imaging polarimeter while maintaining the throughput advantages of a conventional seeker, thus enabling long detection ranges as well as clutter and decoy rejection for the end game. The marriage of the on-demand polarizer with imaging polarimetry is the key innovation of this SBIR effort and if successful will represent a revolutionary advance in capability for missile seeker technology.

HEM TECHNOLOGIES 3518 27th St Lubbock, TX 79410
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(806) 441-1147 Dr. David J Hemmert ARMY 04-221 Selected for Award
Title:	High Power Microwaves
Abstract:	The integration and use of technology to control and operate various systems has proliferated throughout the world. However, this technology, which is comprised of semiconductor devices such as transistors, is extremely vulnerable to high power electromagnetic radiation. Although such technological systems are vulnerable to conventional armaments such as high explosives and phosphorous munitions when in the open area, they can be easily protected by means of armor or overhead protection. These barriers to conventional weapons are not necessarily barriers to electromagnetic radiation. HEM Technologies proposes to build an electromagnetic radiation power source capable of producing a short high voltage pulse train for 40mm to 155 mm rocket and missile platforms such as 2.75 in rockets and Hellfire. In addition, the explosives in the power conditioning system will provide secondary blast and fragmentary effects providing a dual capability for the system. The commercialization of this product will apply to a variety of applications. In particular the product may be used in a variety of extreme conditions as a power source, either primary or emergency.

LOKI, INC. 1006 Kingshighway Rolla, MO 65409
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(806) 742-4779 Dr. Sergey I. Shkuratov ARMY 04-221 Selected for Award
Title:	High Power Microwaves
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed research and development work is to create two new types of compact, autonomous, pulse-detonation-driven high-power microwave sources that provide multiple pulse radiation. These systems are to be used to construct small to medium caliber munitions (40-mm to 155-mm) to increase the scope of the target set, and enhance destruction capability. These types of microwave generators are intended to radiate a series of ultra-wideband pulses of gigawatt power. The systems can be in operation from few seconds to several tens of minutes depending on the caliber. Another objective of the proposed research and development work is to create single-shot, autonomous, completely explosive high-power microwave system based on a shock wave ferromagnetic generator (FMG) as a seed source, a multi-stage magnetic flux compression generator (MFCG) as a pulsed power amplifier, an inductive energy storage with the exploding wire opening switch, and compact coaxial sealed-off virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) as a radiating stage. This autonomous system will be simple, reliable in operation, inexpensive and easily produced. It will fit into a 50-155 mm diameter and will be used to construct small to medium caliber munitions to increase the scope of the target set and enhance destruction capability.

FAKESPACE LABS, INC. 241 Polais Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 688-1940 Mr. Ian McDowall ARMY 04-222 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Low Cost Wide Field of View Head Mounted Display for Aviation Training
Abstract:	An opportunity is emerging for head mounted displays if the optics can be designed to provide an immersive wide field of view with little to no adjustment for different users. The need for such a display is becoming plain as computer graphics and 3D content become ubiquitous and generic, yet current of head mounted displays remain expensive and finicky. Such a design is now possible due to emergent optical technologies coupled with recently available, low cost microdisplays. Our design approach uses these components in unconventional ways to create a 120 degree field of view display easily used without adjustment. Having previously produced a similar product but at a high price and large size, we find this confluence of technologies and our proposed design impossible to ignore. We believe we can create a mixed-reality display ideally suited to the AVCATT and other simulation environments.

NVIS, INC. 11495 Sunset Hills Road, Suite 202 Reston, VA 20190
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 891-1130 Mr. Minoo Bablani ARMY 04-222 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Low Cost Wide Field of View Head Mounted Display for Aviation Training
Abstract:	The goal of this proposal is to illustrate a low-cost, wide field-of-view display for out-the-window simulation to be used in the reconfigurable AVCATT system. NVIS is proposing a hybrid display technology that utilizes projection optics in a head-mounted configuration, referred to as a Head-Mounted Projective Display, or HMPD. The HMPD is a lightweight display that projects images onto a thin retro-reflective screen that can be placed virtually anywhere in the surrounding environment. Images are reflected back towards the user, independent of the viewing angle between the screen and the user. Unlike most head-mounted displays, the HMPD is inherently see-through, with the augmented images only appearing where the retro-reflective screen is present, such as on a physical window or opening. This provides the user with the correct cutoff between the real environment and the OTW scene. All other areas of the physical environment will be visible through the display optics. This will allow users to operate the vehicle controls that would be instrumented to the deployed image generator. The focus of the proposed Phase 1 research will be to optimize the HMPD concept to support the specific design objectives for the AVCATT training system, particularly a wide field-of-view for out-the-window simulation.

RESEARCH NETWORK, INC. 1201 Roberts Blvd., Ste. 120 Kennesaw, GA 30144
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(678) 354-0182 Mr. James A. Saffold ARMY 04-223 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Distributed and Collaborative Information Environment for Embedded After Action Review Technologies
Abstract:	The Embedded AAR System - as an end-to-end solution for both virtual and constructive exercises can save the army millions of man hours in efficient training and planning for military operations. The ability to perform complete mission functions (planning, conduct, review) from a common interface saves mission time allowing for more trials to be conducted and maximizes commonality of technologies for the digitized force. The integration of potential virtual and live worlds also affords incredibly high trial spaces, at diverse locations, to allow the development of CONOPS and TTPS for system integration on both vehicles and dismounts. In addition to training and AAR support, the embedded system allows for full multiplayer support across normal broadband connects that would be readily available to potential recruits to the armed forces. As training tool, mission planning tool, and a recruiting tool, the complete system integrates many critical functions of the armed services into a common architecture which can be readily expanded and maintained at very low cost.

RAM LABORATORIES, INC. 10525 Vista Sorrento Parkway, Suite 220 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 677-9207 Dr. Robert McGraw ARMY 04-224 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Extending MRMAide for Multi Resolution Federation Planning and Development
Abstract:	In order to reuse models and simulations and integrate them with C4I systems, developers must deal with issues surrounding differences in resolution and fidelity for both the data representations used by models and the algorithms represented in the models themselves. The Army is searching for tools to aid in the identification, visualization, comparison, and ultimately the alignment of simulation and C4I system data that enable better overall comprehension of modeling disparities amongst a federation of varying resolution simulations and differences in the data representation between federates and C4I systems We propose to develop enhancements to our MRMAide (Mixed Resolution Modeling Aide) toolset, which enables the integration of multi-resolution models and simulations at the component, entity, and federate level. We propose to enhance MRMAide to address Multi-Resolution Federation Planning and Development by extending MRMAide's current methodology to support (1) the alignment of multi-resolution data and data mapping, including C4I data, (2) the resolution of differences in the algorithms used by different representations, including design patterns through Base Object Model (BOM) concepts, and (3) better alignment with the Federation Development and Planning (FEDEP) Process Model. This will enable MRMAide to support the end to end design and development of multi-resolution federations.

ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3275 Progress Drive, Suite D Orlando, FL 32826
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 281-1948 Mr. Dan Hartman ARMY 04-225 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Concepts for Low-Cost Multi-Spectral Targets for Gunnery Training
Abstract:	A team composed of Engineering Technology Inc. (ETI), a small business located in Orlando, Florida and the University of Central Florida, College of Optics and Photonics: Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers (CREOL), proposes to research advanced technologies that will improve Army capabilities to introduce light-weight, low-cost, high-fidelity targets and surrogate vehicles for use in gunnery training and sensor testing. UCF CREOL researchers recently demonstrated a capability to project a dynamic IR target image compatible with the new generation of thermal sights. Leveraging from the results of this research, ETI proposes to develop concept designs for multispectral targets for live fire gunnery training and sensor training that will demonstrate a significant signature fidelity improvement over the current state-of-the art. At the end of the Phase II program we will demonstrate a portable device capable of projecting multispectral targets of hostile vehicles on a live fire range.

FALCON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CORP. 2111 Baldwin Avenue, Suite 4 Crofton, MD 21114
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 451-7160 Mr. Russell Dominique ARMY 04-225 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Innovative Concepts for Low-Cost Multi-Spectral Targets for Gunnery Training
Abstract:	Advanced innovative manufacturing technologies can provide lightweight, low-cost, high-fidelity targets and surrogate vehicles for use in gunnery training and sensor testing that provide a significant improvement in threat representative visual and infrared signatures including the environmental interactions. Falcon Systems will evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility and cost/fidelity tradeoff of several approaches and concept designs for both 2D gunnery target representations and 3D surrogate vehicles for sensor testing.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3250 Ocean Park Blvd., Suite 100 Santa Monica, CA 90405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 581-5440 Dr. Azad M. Madni ARMY 04-226 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	STORIEST: Scenario-based Training, Observation and Remediation of Inexperienced Soldiers
Abstract:	Realtime interactive stories have emerged as an extremely effective and enjoyable tool for learning skills and applying them effectively when needed. The purpose of this effort is to: explore how vignettes (or short story-oriented training scenarios) can be enhanced to provide cognitive realism in training future leaders in tactical decisionmaking in the face of high levels of ambiguity; and investigate how an intelligent agent-based tool can enable realtime adaptation of stories. Phase I of this effort is devoted to exploring how vignettes can be integrated into distance learning environments to train and develop leaders (and staff) and how intelligent agents can assist in tactical instruction through individualized assessment, feedback and training. As part of Phase I, existing development and assessment tools will be critically reviewed in terms of their relevance and leverage for Real-time Adaptation of Stories for training.

SOAR TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3600 Green Court, Suite 600 Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 207-2237 Dr. Amy Henninger ARMY 04-226 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Intelligent Agents for Real-Time Story Adaptation for Training Assessment
Abstract:	Simulation-based training systems are developed for a broad range of warfighter and warfighter support activities, from clearing buildings to high-level command decision-making. These systems are expensive to build and they are expensive to operate. This proposal outlines a plan to decrease both types of costs, the costs to develop training systems and the costs to operate training systems. It addresses the former through the development of a general architecture for interactive storytelling in game-based simulation environments. It addresses the latter by automating the creation of scenarios appropriate to training goals, dynamically altering these scenarios to promote the training objectives, and intelligently generating after action explanations of trainee behavior. To accomplish these technical objectives, we leverage and extend tools (storytelling architectures and automated AAR systems) previously developed through U.S. Army funding. The extension of the storytelling architecture provides for a more robust architecture that can accommodate a number of different training simulation environments. The extension of the automated AAR tool provides for a novel type of feedback possible only to environments with storytelling capability. Finally, the integration of the two provides sophisticated, knowledge-intensive, agent-based instruction both during and after an exercise. This work not only applies state-of-the-art, but it extends state-of-the-art.

L. C. PEGASUS CORP. 10 Bedford Drive Basking Ridge, NJ 07920
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(908) 781-0393 Mr. Peter Y. Lee ARMY 04-227 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Innovative Wireless Network Modeling And Simulation Technology In Support of Training, Testing And Range Instrumentation Requirements
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to develop a high-speed wireless network that can be seamlessly integrated with existing fiber-optic based range communication networks. The goal is to fully benefit from the on-going range digitization efforts and capitalize on recent technological advancements in wireless communications. The latest developments in wireless standards, products, and research will be investigated, and their capability of carrying multimedia range instrumentation data will be examined. Sophisticated network simulation tools, such as the OPNET Modeler and Wireless module, will be extensively utilized for network design, and innovative wireless network modeling and simulation technology will be developed to fulfill training, testing and range instrumentation requirements. The network security issue pertaining to the proposed wireless network will be investigated so that the right level of security measures can be identified and implemented to ensure optimal information protection.

IAP RESEARCH, INC. 2763 Culver Avenue Dayton, OH 45429
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 296-1806 Dr. Bhanumathi Chelluri ARMY 04-228 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Continuous Dynamic Processing of Ceramic Tiles for Ground Vehicle Protection
Abstract:	Ceramics and ceramic matrix composite are used as advanced armor materials for their lightweight and superior ballistic performance. The silicon carbide (SiC) armor material, processed by hot pressing at temperature >2000 ?C under high pressure for several hours has better ballistic performance compared to material by other processing routes. However, hot pressing is a slow batch process. Currently semi-continuous Pressure Assisted Densification (PAD) method for SiC material is under development for increasing the yield. The PAD process alone cannot meet the near future demand for ballistic grade SiC. Thus there is a need for alternate continuous processing approaches that have potential for high yields. We propose to develop a Dynamic Processing method for SiC material where high green bodies close to full density are produced in sub-millisecond compaction durations that will enable lower sintering temperature-duration cycles. Due to high green density, the special microstructures and grain sizes of the powders will be retained after sintering to yield high ballistic performance. The proposed dynamic processing method that combines fast compaction with a short sintering cycle has the potential to be developed into a continuous processing method to deliver high performance and high yield.

IMAGECOM 202 E Border Street,, Suite 301 Arlington, TX 76010
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(817) 272-1045 Mrs. Sharon L. Barber ARMY 04-229 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Automated Propagation of Design Intent from Legacy Drawings to 3D Models
Abstract:	Companies looking to supplant 2D drawings with intelligent 3D models face the problem that there are no tools available that capture more than the geometry of the artifact. The available tools do not propagate the large amount of design intent and manufacturing knowledge contained in 2D drawings such as the notes, dimensions, tolerances, constraints, material, surface finish, contextual information etc. Much research exists in capturing design intent and a number of systems and representation schemas have been developed e.g. JANUS, ADD+, IBIS etc, but these tools do not address capturing same from 2D drawings. With this SBIR Imagecom proposes to research and address the issues that arise when identifying and capturing said intent from 2D engineering drawings and of storing captured intent in a homogeneous format such as the 3D model. Additionally popular CAD/CAE systems will be benchmarked so that one may be extended to serve as the platform to store the captured design intent and manufacturing knowledge. We will prototype an architecture to help address the issue of intent capture with minimal interference to the design. The result of the first phase of this SBIR would be a strategy and architecture to capture, represent, store and retrieve design intent from 2D drawings.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Mr. Kevin Yu ARMY 04-230 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Organically Modified Sol-Gel Nanocomposite for Lightweight Optically Clear Armor Protection
Abstract:	Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new low-cost, lightweight and flexible Organically Modified Sol-gel (ORMSOL) nanocomposite material to replace heavy bulletproof glass in transparent ballistic window structures. The proposed ORMSOL nanocomposite will have excellent optical properties, thermal stability, durability, and flexibility, as well as excellent ballistic performance at a reduced weight compared with current glass/polycarbonate backing material. ORMSOL will be produced by systematically reacting a sol-gel precursor with methyl methacrylate or polyurethane to form a prepolymer, which will then be cured before it is treated with zirconium oxide nanoparticles. The proposed versatile chemical synthesis methodology will precisely determine the physical, chemical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the resulting ORMSOL material. ORMSOL can be cast to form parts in a variety of shapes and thickness and in desired mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. In Phase I POC will develop the ORMSOL nanocomposite and prepare samples to demonstrate the flexibility of the ORMSOL synthesis method and ballistics properties of various compositions. The samples will be tested for mechanical, thermal, optical, and ballistic protection characteristics. Phase II will focus on optimizing the process and developing pilot production of ORMSOL nanocomposite material.

FOAM MATRIX, INC. 1123 E. Redondo Blvd Inglewood, CA 90302
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 680-0777 Mr. michael kramer ARMY 04-231 Selected for Award
Title:	Composite Structures for Ballistic Protection
Abstract:	Current armor solutions for wheeled vehicles such as the HEMTT, MTVR, HMMWV, and commercial trucks, is heavy, can be costly, and is limited in its ability to survive from Improvised Explosive Device (IED) threats such as the ones currently being seen in Iraq. What is needed is a solution that meets both 7.62 AP and Ball ammunition in addition to having a high likelihood of surviving roadside IED explosions. Armor solutions using Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) can be heavy, severely limiting the capability of the vehicle, or worse, used at a thinner gage that may not be capable of protecting from 7.62 and IED threats. Composite armor solutions have historically been costly, susceptible to fire damage, and can be difficult to attach to existing vehicles. Foam Matrix is proposing an innovative armor solution that uses commercial off the shelf materials combined with a low cost net molding process originally developed for commercial applications. The solution creates a hybrid armor that can either be used as a bolt on solution or can be incorporated into the vehicle structure, and is capable of being produced at low cost, in both flat and compound curved parts.

MKP STRUCTURAL DESIGN ASSOC., INC. 3003 Washtenaw Ave., Suite 1-E Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 975-8860 Dr. Zheng-Dong Ma ARMY 04-231 Selected for Award
Title:	A Novel Concept of Lightweight Composite Armor for Ballistic Protection of Tactical Vehicles
Abstract:	We propose to develop a new capability of using lightweight composite hybrid structures for ballistic protection of tactical ground vehicles. The new composite armor concept proposed in this proposal will be developed using the function-oriented material design tool developed at MKP Structural Design Associates, Inc. In the Phase I program, we will: 1) lay out in details the new composite armor concept, especially detailed designs of the three major components; 2) develop the enabling techniques, including design methodologies and manufacturing processing techniques; 3) conduct a feasibility study through virtual prototyping and laboratory tests; 4) fabricate sample prototypes for proof of concept; and 5) develop a Phase II plan for actual physical prototyping and field tests. In the Phase II program, the composite armor prototypes will be developed to achieve a particular performance specification and to meet and/or even exceed the required standard in ballistic testing. The feasibility and effectiveness of the new armor system will be tested and evaluated for mass production and commercialization in the Phase III and thereafter. The proposed composite armor system will have the following features: 1) Ultra-lightweight compared with other existing armor structures; 2) Flexibility to fit various vehicle bodies and contours; 3) Superior impact energy absorption capability due to the the unique design of the armor unit; 4) Superior strength for structural integrity due to the tendon-reinforcements; 5) Capability to resist heat and flame due to the flexibility to select desirable parent materials for the composite; 6) Ease of manufacture, maintenance and repair, and low life-cycle cost due to the fact that armor units can be installed and removed individually; 7) Applicability to other military applications and to commercial vehicle systems.

BOSSA NOVA TECHNOLOGIES 606 Venice Blvd, Suite B Venice, CA 90291
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 577-8113 Dr. Sebastien Breugnot ARMY 04-232 Selected for Award
Title:	Fast rotatable and variable ceramic programmable waveplate for visible and NIR polarization imaging
Abstract:	In this proposal, we describe a program to explore and demonstrate the possibilities of an innovative optical component for visible and near-infrared polarization imaging (From 400 nm to 2000 nm). Based on Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate (PLZT), we plan to obtain a fast rotatable and variable ceramic programmable waveplate. Using this waveplate produces a polarization controller that will be the key component of a visible and near-infrared polarization imager and will replace the use of mechanical rotation of polarization components.

I TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS 2663 Wayside Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 604-2733 Dr. Robert E Sampson ARMY 04-232 Selected for Award
Title:	Robotic Vehicle Spectro-Polarimeter
Abstract:	Robotic vehicle applications requires significant information about the nature of the terrain and objects ahead. Spectral and polarization measurements in addition to normal intensity information provides the kind of information needed for real time decision making for robotic vehicle control and target detection and identification. This proposal is for a sensor that provides spatial, spectral, and polarization data sets simultaneously in real time. This proposed Phase 1 SBIR project builds on developments at the University if Arizona's Optical Detection Laboratory and will provide the most versatile and capable sensor developed to date.

POLARIS SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5710 Jones Valley Drive Huntsville, AL 35802
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 824-6548 Dr. David Chenault ARMY 04-232 Selected for Award
Title:	Polarimetric Sensors for Robotic Vehicle Perception
Abstract:	Polarization imaging holds promise for providing significant improvements in contrast in a number of target detection and discrimination applications. In several recent development efforts, it has been demonstrated that manmade objects have a significantly stronger polarization signal than natural backgrounds resulting in good contrast that complements the conventionally imaged infrared signature. Other recent research has suggested that polarization sensing may increase detection range through optically dense media such as fog or aerosol laden atmosphere. However, these experimental systems frequently require long data acquisition times, which results in artifacts in the polarization imagery due to platform or target motion. Additionally, calibration and investigation of systematic errors in these systems is difficult and robust calibration procedures have not been fully demonstrated. Polaris Sensor Technologies, Inc is proposing to develop an LWIR imaging polarimeter that captures a complete Stokes vector in a single image. The approach chosen utilizes birefringent polarization components in a unique configuration that eliminates polarization artifacts due to target or platform motion. In Phase I, a prototype instrument will be designed complete with component specifications, schematics, data reduction and calibration algorithms. A thorough performance analysis of the design will also be performed.

MID MICHIGAN RESEARCH 2170 Long Leaf Okemos, MI 48864
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(517) 347-3091 Mr. Andrew Fedewa ARMY 04-233 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Development of a Robust MEMs Based Micro Technology Engine Management and Health Monitoring System
Abstract:	The sole purpose of combustion in a piston engine is to generate pressure in order to push the piston and produce work. Pressure diagnostics provide a tool for evaluating the execution of the exothermic process of combustion in an engine cylinder. Its task is that of an inverse problem: evaluation of the mechanism of a system from its measured output. The dynamic properties of the closed system in a piston engine are expressed in terms of a dynamic stage- the transition between the processes of compression and expansion. A Micro-Electronic Controlled Combustion (MECC) system final design will be completed in the Phase I effort and the system built and demonstrated in Phase II. This proposal provides a theoretical model which will serve as a basis for design of the micro-electronic control system. The low-cost micro-sensor that to be used for primary input to the model is a pressure transducer, providing the possibility for an unprecedented level of cylinder pressure-based closed-loop control and engine health monitoring based on theoretical analysis rather than empirical calibrations. The goal of this effort is to extend engine control and diagnostics to microsecond resolution, allowing a robust and reliable engine controller to influence the action of a cycle based on interpretation of the previous cycle.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4640 Dr. Aniruddha Weling ARMY 04-234 Selected for Award
Title:	Standoff IED Detection using Coherent Ultra-Broadband Terahertz Sources and Detectors
Abstract:	In today's environment of the global war on terrorism, there is an urgent need to develop novel sensing technology for stand-off detection of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) in battleground as well as civilian settings. Although Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) Radar technology is being investigated intensely for this application, it is limited in its spatial resolution, ability to discriminate non-metallic IED components and immunity to clutter from rocks, foliage and other camouflage materials. Laser-based generation of sub-picosecond pulses of coherent terahertz (THz) radiation coupled with non-resonant electro-optic detection presents significant potential as a non-RF intrusive and jam-resistant remote sensing technology with capabilities for compositional analysis and automated recognition of concealed IEDs. Foster-Miller proposes to develop an ultrafast laser-driven compact Coherent THz Spectrometer (CTS) based on ultra-broadband THz generation and phase coherent electro-optic sampling. The proposed Phase I effort will explore the efficacy of coherent THz impulse ranging and imaging in the 0.1-3 THz frequency range to stand-off IED detection in the presence of background clutter. Such a system can potentially perform real time spectroscopic characterization of materials associated with IEDs with sub-mm spatial resolution over a considerably wider range of THz frequency than is possible with state-of-the-art UWB Radar technology. (P-050004)

TIME DOMAIN CORP. 7057 Old Madison Pike, Suite 250 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 428-6461 Mr. Herbert Fluhler ARMY 04-234 Selected for Award
Title:	Near-Term Vehicular Sensor Fused 3-D UWB Radar And Hyperspectral Imaging For Enhanced IED And Mine Detection And IED Suppression
Abstract:	Time Domain Corporation proposes a novel dual phenomenology sensor to detect, classify and alert against IEDs and mines at near OP-TEMPO cross country speeds. A specially designed pulsed Ultra Wideband (UWB) radar offers one of the phenomenologies and an IR Hyperspectral Imager the other. The UWB radar uses a unique design to maximize range, resolution and ground penetration for the detection of IEDs and mines, both above and below ground. Very high bandwidth and polarimetric UWB radar capability enables refined discrimination of true targets as well as trigger wires both above and below the surface. The projected performance is equal to or better than current state of the art devices. The UWB radar also serves a dual role for jamming any IED wireless command detonator to help enhance survivability. The UWB radar is designed to be completely unobtrusive to the operator or vehicle function. A co-boresighted Hyperspectral Imager sensor is used to add a complementary sensing function which is fused to provide dual phenomenology for enhance detection of IEDs and mines and reduced false alarms. The comparatively long range of these sensors and high throughput signal processing permits vehicle travel at tactically useful speeds.

M3TECHCENTER, LLC 45421 Glengarry Blvd. Canton, MI 48188
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 844-1096 Dr. Shaling Qiao ARMY 04-235 Selected for Award
Title:	MEMS Testing Simulator
Abstract:	MEMS with sensors, actuators and control functions in a large network system often needs to work in a harsh environment involving changes in mechanical, chemical, and electromagnetic loading at high frequencies and high intensities. The objectives of this SBIR Program are: (1) to develop a MEMS simulator that can provide simulated and accelerated environment/loading conditions for accurate assessment of MEMS reliability; (2) to achieve high reliability by developing the first generation self-diagnosis and self-recovery MEMS packaging technique. To achieve these objectives, in phase-1 and option phase, the key loading parameters and related testing techniques will be identified, and MEMS testing will be performed to establish database. In addition, the technique of using embedded sensor array inside MEMS will be developed for load monitoring and MEMS self-diagnosis. Predictive damage models will be developed for reliability assessment. The results will lead to a prototype design of MEMS simulator, to be implemented and commercialized in Phase-2. In addition, the project attempts to develop self-recovery function by using two types of smart materials with self-recovery and self-healing functions. The new concept of self-recovery MEMS will be verified in Phase-1 and option, and commercialized for dual application in Phase II.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 224-5693 Dr. Joseph S. Heyman ARMY 04-236 Selected for Award
Title:	Mobile Parts Hospital NDE/Materials Characterization Checkout Center
Abstract:	This proposal presents to the Army a unique system for testing parts made by the Mobile Parts Hospital. The concept system can even be built into the MPH and can be integrated with any automated parts handling capability. The proposed system will achieve the traditional Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) results as to flaws and voids. In addition, this system will provide engineering results such as elastic constants to predict part stiffness. Vector information will be provided to assess part preferential anisotropy or uniformity as required. The approach is based on an ultrasonic pulsed phase locked loop, a type of high-resolution acoustic spectrometer that has resolution of parts per ten million. This simple to use one-sided (or through transmission) system will determine the rates of change in acoustic natural velocity in the fabricated parts as a function of strain. Such measurements provide the key 3rd order elasticity parameters. The instrument concept builds on decades of award-winning research by the PI while at NASA that now can be brought to commercial uses with the Luna philosophy of invent, build and commercialize which has led to five new spin-off companies in the past 4 years.

MICHIGAN ENGINEERING SERVICES, LLC 3916 Trade Center Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 355-0084 Dr. Nickolas Vlahopoulos ARMY 04-237 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Development of�Blast Event Simulation
Abstract:	The design of Army vehicles to resist blast from a mines or from explosive devices is of great interest in order to provide protection to the vehicle and its occupants. Full size mine blast tests are expensive and time consuming. Using a numerical simulation for predicting the interaction of the mine blast with the vehicle can minimize the testing, and identify design changes for increased survivability. A seamless blast event simulation system will be developed and validated. The DoD CTH hydrocode will be used for modeling the explosion and it will be coupled with commercial codes such as ABAQUS, LS-Dyna, and/or MADYMO for computing the structural response induced by the explosion. MADYMO will be used for assessing the occupants' safety due to the blast. The blast event simulation system will be able to update the numerical models for improved correlation to test data and it will evaluate a confidence level to the computations. The CTH code will be validated for simulating landmine detonations through comparison to a comprehensive set of mine detonation experiments reported in [21]. The blast event simulation system will be validated by analyzing the experiment presented in [22] for metallic targets subjected to landmine explosions.

REACTION ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL 77 West 200 South, Suite 210 Salt Lake City, UT 84101
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 364-6925 Mr. David Swensen ARMY 04-237 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Development of�Blast Event Simulation
Abstract:	Reaction Engineering International proposes to evaluate the merit and feasibility of developing a suite of next-generation simulations tools to better predict the effects of buried explosive devices on ground vehicles. The blast and soil modeling will be performed using advanced simulation tools developed as part of the DoE ASCI program at the University of Utah (C-SAFE) and the vehicles will be modeled using the DYNA3D FE code and off-the-shelf packages such as LS-DYNA and Hyperworks. The final product will include a hierarchy of blast simulation capabilities, ranging from reduced-order models and decoupled preprocessor-based models, to a comprehensive, tightly coupled simulation tool based on the C-SAFE and DYNA3D codes. The model hierarchy will allow for blast simulations to be performed with varying levels of detail, depending on the required accuracy, ease of use, simulation run time and available computational resources. The final product will have a wide range of applications for both the military and civilian markets.

ADVANCED SCIENCE & AUTOMATION CORP. 20170 East Magnolia Court Smithfield, VA 23430
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 469-6839 Dr. Tamer Wasfy ARMY 04-238 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Visualization Tool for Animating Combined Multibody Dynamics and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed work is to develop a tool for real-time interactive visualization of the results of combined CFD and multibody dynamics simulations of tanker vehicles and sloshing liquid payloads. The tool can be used for the following: 1) visualization of an animation of: liquid surface, iso-surfaces, vehicle, terrain and surroundings; 2) making any part of the model semi-transparent so that obstructed parts are visible; 3) coloring/contouring the surface of the tank, an iso-surface, a cutting plane, or any other surface in the fluid domain using a scalar response quantity, 4) placing animated arrows on a surface or volume in the fluid domain, 5) visualization of volume and surface-restricted streak-lines, path-lines, and time-lines, and 6) flow feature extraction including visualization of vortex cores and separation/attachment lines. The user will be able to view the animation from a ground viewpoint or a viewpoint attached to the vehicle. The simulation can be viewed on multi-screen immersive stereoscopic displays. The tool will run on Windows, Unix, and Linux platforms. Finally, the tool will include a hierarchical clickable list of natural-language commands, the ability to process the user's natural-language speech, and multimedia-enhanced step-by-step guiding for inexperienced users.

REALTIME TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1517 N. Main Street Royal Oak, MI 48067
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 705-0705 Dr. Richard Romano ARMY 04-239 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Multi-Resolution Modeling of Ground Platform Dynamic Performance and Mobility
Abstract:	TARDEC is seeking to advance off-line, real-time, and faster than real-time modeling and simulation methods used for predicting the performance of off-road and on-road vehicles. TARDEC currently uses DADS for off-line simulation and SimCreator to develop real-time multi-body vehicle models. The objective of this proposal is to develop a Multi-Resolution Translating System (MRTS) that will rapidly convert DADS off-line models into SimCreator real-time models. In addition, the MRTS system will generate parameters for use in the NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM) as well as OneSAF and other semi automated constructive simulations. NRMM is a simulation tool used to evaluate the on and off-road mobility of wheeled and tracked vehicles. OneSAF is used for constructive simulation as well as the development of doctrine and training materials. During Phase I, the best algorithms to use in implementing the MRTS system will be determined. These algorithms will be used to manually convert a HMMWV model from DADS into SimCreator, NRMM, and OneSAF. Once the best methodologies have been determined, Phase II will focus on implementing them in an automatic software tool set.

APECOR 3259 Progress Drive, Ste. A Orlando, FL 32826
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 275-1174 Mr. Rod A. Muhaisen ARMY 04-240 Selected for Award
Title:	High-Power, High-Voltage, Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
Abstract:	The objective of this research is to investigate the technical feasibility of building a bidirectional converter to achieve the power density, efficiency, and coolant temperature objectives using an innovative marriage of state-of-the-art technologies. These technologies each represent innovations in their respective fields. The power electronics team at Advanced Power Electronics Corp. is proposing to investigate and design a modular converter with multiple, smaller capacity units operating in a parallel, interleaved fashion each employing soft-switching techniques. The modularity of the system will distribute heat load between the semiconductor devices which will promote a lower junction temperature while interleaving will allow for smaller system magnetics. The effective use of soft-switching techniques will reduce losses thus improving efficiency and power dissipation in the devices. The design will focus on compatibility with advanced cooling techniques. The thermal management/packaging team at Rini Technologies Inc. will incorporate the emerging evaporative spray cooling (ESC) technology. The proposed cooling system will be enclosed with the converter and reject heat to an external coolant loop at 100?C. Further, the team will coordinate with semiconductor device manufacturers to repackage selected devices to make them more compatible with ESC. In the Phase I option, the team will build a small-scale prototype in order to prove the proposed design concepts.

ELECTRODYNAMICS ASSOC., INC. 409 Eastbridge Drive Oviedo, FL 32765
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 977-1825 Mr. Jay Vaidya ARMY 04-241 Selected for Award
Title:	Compact, Efficient Electric Propulsion Motor for Multiple Applications
Abstract:	Hybrid electric propulsion of Army vehicles is beneficial in terms of fuel economy and silent mobility. High torque and high power density PM motors are needed for these applications.Electrodynamics proposes innovative concepts to achieve and exceed specified goals in power and torque density, efficiency, and scalability. This proposal explores various configurations including inside rotor, outside rotor, and axial gap. After selecting one of these approaches, proprietary innovative concepts are proposed to substantially increase the power density, torque density, and efficiency. These concepts also include the design of controller to match the motor and provide the ability to extend the operating speed range to cover operation from standstill to 10000 RPM. Sensorless design incorporated within software based control using a DSP is proposed. A team of experts in electromagentics, control, software, structural, thermal, and dynamic design of the motor and controller will address all the design issues during Phase I and Phase I Option to be ready to produce demonstrable hardware during Phase II. Military and commercial applications for the product are proposed.

RASERT TECHNOLOGIES 5152 North Edgewood Drive Provo, UT 84604
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 765-1200 Mr. Timothy D. Fehr ARMY 04-241 Selected for Award
Title:	High Power Density, High Torque Density, Efficient Electric Motors and Generators/Alternators
Abstract:	RaserT Technologies has developed and demonstrated electromagnetic technologies that can produce performance from an alternating current induction motor that is superior to state of the art traction motors that employ costly and difficult to use permanent magnet materials. These technologies offer high power density and high torque density for traction motors and generators for hybrid electric vehicles. In Phase I, RaserT will develop the conceptual design and performance predictions based on modeling for two Integrated Starter Generators/Alternators (ISA's). The ISA's would be pancake type motors, one conceptually designed appropriate to a re-powered HMMWV and the second conceptually designed appropriate to a Future Tactical Truck System. The two conceptual designs would demonstrate the scalability of output power and torque to levels appropriate to Future Combat Systems vehicles. The Phase I option proposal is that RaserT would fabricate an engineering prototype of one of the ISA types and test that prototype at an independent test laboratory. This testing would demonstrate the realizability of the performance projected using modelling in Phase I.

GREENLEES FILTER, LLC 7550 Industrial Drive Forest Park, IL 60130
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(708) 366-3256 Mr. Ron Troxell ARMY 04-242 Selected for Award
Title:	Active Acoustic Cleaning System for Wheeled and Tracked Vehicles' Engine Intake Filters
Abstract:	The focus of this proposal is to test the feasibility of an innovative active acoustic cleaning system designed for engine intake air cleaners of wheeled and tracked vehicles. The proposed cleaning system will enable an operator or vehicle maintenance person to reliably clean air filters both efficiently and effectively without removing the filters from the vehicles. Thus, maintenance time and costs are expected to decrease and the service life of the filter, as well as the vehicle is expected to increase. This proposal presents a significant opportunity to further enhance ongoing technology advancements within the Filtration and Enhanced Sensor Technology (FEST) topical areas as it is anticipated to extend the performance of filtration technology, and enable a more rapid response by operators or vehicle maintenance personnel to improved sensor technology. Significantly, commercialization potential is broad and very strong in both the military and private sectors.

TRANSLUME 655 Phoenix Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 528-6330 Dr. Philippe Bado ARMY 04-242 Selected for Award
Title:	Filter with integrated condition monitoring sensor
Abstract:	The objective of this program is to develop a smart filter for fluidic systems. This system will be based around a Vortex filter, and the corresponding Vortex filter housing. The array sensor will be integrated in the filter housing. The sensors, based on Translume fluid condition monitoring optical microsensors, will monitor the condition of the filter and assess its reamining service life.

ROD MILLEN SPECIAL VEHICLES 7575 Reynolds Circle Huntington Beach, CA 92647
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 594-2220 Mr. Peter LeNoach ARMY 04-244 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Suspension Characterization Test Fixture
Abstract:	For advanced virtual simulations to produce meaningful results, they must be built on a foundation of accurate and validated models. Conventional methods for measuring and validating model parameters are expensive, slow and require costly specialized testing equipment. ` RMSV's solution is based on the concept of optimizing the virtual model parameters so that meaningful time and frequency responses match between the virtual model and the test vehicle. This optimization takes place during the measurement process resulting in significant cost and time savings. The system uses a cost effective, low power measurement system. Its modular design allows for a wide range of vehicles from legacy to future high mobility vehicles with between two to four axles and could easily be expanded to handle more complex vehicles with the addition of more inexpensive wheel modules. Rod Millen Special Vehicles (RMSV) has the expertise, experience, equipment and facilities to develop an advanced vehicle suspension characterizer capable of accurately measuring and validating critical suspension parameters of a wide range of off-road vehicles in a timely, cost effective manner.

MESOSCOPIC DEVICES, LLC 510 Compton Street, Suite 106 Broomfield, CO 80020
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 466-6968 Dr. Joseph Poshusta ARMY 04-245 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	Compact self-regenerating JP-8 desulfurizer
Abstract:	Sulfur compounds in JP-8 are a barrier to use of fuel cells since sulfur poisons the catalysts used in fuel cells and fuel processors. Mesoscopic Devices has developed a continuous, self-regenerating desulfurization system that can treat fuel to fuel cell standards while utilizing sulfur sorbents many times more efficiently than typical fixed bed approaches. The approach exploits three key innovations: 1) air regenerable sulfur sorbents for liquid fuels, 2) a highly optimized bed arrangement, and 3) a simple and reliable device for switching the beds from desulfurization to regeneration modes. Mesoscopic Devices' ThioCycleT sorbents have been demonstrated to desulfurize marine diesel with up to 10,000 ppm sulfur to less than 10 ppm and have the ability to be air regenerated. JP-8 (with 1,000 ppm sulfur) has been desulfurized to less than 2 ppm using these sorbents. In the proposed Phase I program, Mesoscopic Devices will build and demonstrate a brassboard desulfurizer for treating JP-8 to support 5 kW fuel cell systems.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2349 Dr. Gokhan Alptekin ARMY 04-245 Selected for Award
Title:	Novel Adsorbents for Desulfurization of High Sulfur Battlefield Fuels
Abstract:	The major drawback to the use of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells as auxiliary power units (APUs) by deployed forces is their inability to directly use battlefield fuels. PEM systems require clean, essentially sulfur-free hydrogen to prevent the poisoning of the anode catalyst. Unfortunately, battlefield fuels (i.e., NATO-76, JP-8) contain high levels of refractory sulfur species (up to 1% wt.), which need to be removed by advanced fuel processing technologies. TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) proposes to develop a novel sorbent based desulfurization system, an integral part of a compact and efficient fuel processor to produce a clean hydrogen feed from high sulfur fuels. In Phase I, we will develop a high capacity, regenerable adsorbent and demonstrate that its potential to reduce the sulfur content of the fuel to sub ppm levels tolerable by PEM fuel cells. We will show the long-term durability and regeneration capability of the sorbent under representative conditions. Based on experimental data, we will also carry out preliminary design of a desulfurization system integrated to a fuel processor that can deliver the hydrogen required to operate a 5 kW fuel cell APU.

CFD RESEARCH CORP. 215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 726-4800 Dr. Mahesh Athavale ARMY 04-247 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Multiresolution Thermal Design/Signature Management Tool for Vehicle Electronics Packages
Abstract:	The overall objective of this project is to develop a multiresolution, hierarchical flow-thermal software design tool for thermal management and designs of vehicle electronics packages, and interface it with TACOMs analysis code, MuSES. The coupled codes will provide a powerful tool for thermal signature analysis of the packages and other electrical and mechanical components for next generation vehicles with conventional or hybrid thermal-electric power systems. The analysis tool will have capability of fully-resolved CFD flow-thermal simulations of complex electronics packages. Innovative use of artificial neural nets will allow reduced-order modeling of various electronics components and subsystems for rapid and accurate system-level analyses. Phase I work will involve adaptation of an existing simulation environment and a GUI for electronic box applications. A set of interfaces with MuSES will be developed using the User-routine capabilities in MuSES. The coupled system will be demonstrated on a specific vehicle problem for thermal-flow as well as thermal signature analysis of the electronics components. The Phase II project will focus on development of a comprehensive, multiresolution GUI, an extensive parts library for electronics components and subsystems; and automated, script-driven procedures for development of ANN-based and other reduced order models of electronics components. The tools will be validated and demonstrated on selected vehicle configurations and in consultation and collaboration with TACOM.

TES INTERNATIONAL LLC 2265 Livernois Road, Suite 701 Troy, MI 48083
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 362-2090 Mr. Ben Zandi ARMY 04-247 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	Complex Electronics Packaging Thermal/Signature Management Design Tool
Abstract:	The overall objective of the proposal is to develop a software package for thermal/signature analysis of electronic systems that can be used during rapid prototyping exercises to study the thermal behavior of complex electronic packages, both individually and as a complete system with multiple packages in close proximity. The tool must be able to accurately predict the thermal field in each package, taking into account the consequences of other electronic boxes in its environment, and easily and seamlessly be integrated into a "parent" MUSES model for global system prediction. With recent advances in computer hardware and software technologies, it is now possible to develop a "next generation" software package for the thermal management of complex electronic systems - one that is capable of simulating several models of various electronic systems at once, all integrated into a global model that is running in parallel.

INTERNATIONAL MEZZO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. LBTC, Rm D-104, South Stadium Dr. Baton Rouge, LA 70803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(225) 334-6394 Mr. Andrew B. McCandless ARMY 04-248 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Cooling Objectives and Operative Leverage (COOL) Techniques
Abstract:	International Mezzo Technologies, Inc. is currently developing an extremely compact, sturdy cross flow heat exchanger that is particularly effective in gas-liquid, or gas-two phase heat transfer applications such as air-water, oil-air, or air-refrigerant heat exchangers. The goal for this proposed project is to build and quantify the performance advantages of the above mentioned heat exchanger. These heat exchangers have extremely high heat transfer/volume and heat transfer/mass ratios, as well as a variety of assembly options that provide flexibility with respect to the location and packaging of the heat exchanger within the system. Specifically, these heat exchangers offer heat transfer/volume ratios approximately one order of magnitude greater than competing plate-fin heat exchangers with comparable pumping or fan losses. Mezzo uses derivatives of the LIGA micromachining process, pioneered with DARPA-sponsored research at Louisiana State University (LSU), to build cross flow heat exchangers that have superior performance due to reduced length of the flow passages. One example of a Mezzo heat exchanger concept is a 4 inch x 6 inch heat exchanger panel which can be the basic building block of radiators/oil coolers/condensers/evaporators with very large required heat loads (100s of kW).

AEROVIRONMENT, INC. 825 S. Myrtle Avenue Monrovia, CA 91016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 357-9983 Dr. Zaher Daboussi ARMY 04-249 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Military Hybrid Technology
Abstract:	As world oil production begins to peak, the increasing U.S. and worldwide usage of oil will have a negative impact on our national security, environment, and economy. Unfortunately, alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas, ethanol, bio-diesel, and hydrogen are not a satisfactory near-term, or substantive substitute. One promising solution is the charge depleting Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), sometimes called the plug-in hybrid, which can use energy from the electric grid for propulsion. With the proper energy storage system and drive train, vehicle performance can exceed that of today's conventional vehicles, while reducing fuel usage. This energy storage system, which comprises lithium batteries and possibly ultracapacitors, must provide both high energy and high power. The challenge, addressed in the proposed work, will be to develop an energy storage system that will deliverthe real world requirements of 100 wh/kg energy along with 1000 w/kg power.. AeroVironment will attack these challenges using a wealth of internally assembled battery and ultracapacitor test data, along with hybrid vehicle design and modeling/simulation project experience. AeroVironment has the battery management/power electronics expertise to develop an optimum system combining the merits of a high energy/high power system that may include a hybrid ultracapacitor/Li-Ion system.

ADIABATICS, INC. 3385 Commerce Drive Columbus, IN 47201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 372-5052 Mr. Lloyd Kamo ARMY 04-250 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Development of Endurable Thermal Barrier Coatings for Diesel Engine Specific Heat Reduction
Abstract:	The future generation of both military and commercial diesel engines will operate at significantly higher temperatures and pressures than today's engines. The future combat system diesel engine operating parameters demand significant design improvement of in cylinder insulation. Increased cylinder pressure and reduced cooling requirements, heat energy recovery in the exhaust gas by turbo charging and turbo-compounding will likely be incorporated. Thus higher engine fuel efficiency, performance, and reliability can be achieved. As temperature and pressure loads for base materials in diesel engines are pushed to the maximum limit, further improvements in engine life time can only be expected by applying ceramic coatings. Use of Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) show numerous advantages such as higher allowable combustion temperature and reduced heat losses to the cooling fluids (water and oil). This proposed effort will concentrate on determining the limitations of today's TBC technology. Furthermore, we expect to further the development of a diesel engine TBCs through extensive optimization, requiring a systematic optimization procedure. This procedure entails all facets of design integration, on-line process control through monitoring of an either known or newly developed TBC processes. The focus will be aimed at generating an optimized reliable reproducible, quality controlled product. Adiabatics, Inc. having the personnel, expertise and facilities to undertake such a program looks forward to this challenge.

ANALYTICAL ENGINEERING, INC. 2555 Technology Blvd., P.O. Box 2603 Columbus, IN 47202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 376-6472 Mr. Melvin Woods ARMY 04-250 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Development of Endurable Thermal Barrier Coatings for Diesel Engine Specific Heat Reduction
Abstract:	This program proposes to develop advanced thermal barrier coatings and an advanced thermal insulating exhaust port runner to reduce high power density diesel engine heat rejection. Analytical Engineering, Inc. along with APS-Materials, Inc. and Ceradyne Thermal Materials will develop and bench test thermal barrier coatings that will address the important issues of thermal insulating effectiveness and durability. In addition, an advanced thermal insulation exhaust port ceramic monolith with compliant layer will be developed to accommodate the severe thermal shock and shrinkage that occurs during the casting process. Thermal barrier coatings will be developed to address the issues of radiation translucence and convective heat exchange between the coating surface porosity and in-cylinder gases. To maximize insulating effectiveness it is proposed that the thermal barrier coating combustion chamber surface porosity be closed off and sealed with materials that will either block or reflect thermal radiation. To maximize coating durability the plasma sprayed coating substrate will be engineered for optimum stress control by means of graded coatings, optimized grain size, controlled variable density distribution, micro-crack control, post-densification etc.

POWER OF DESIGN 1544 Oakland Ave. -201 Indiana, PA 15701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(866) 261-3338 Mr. Angelo Ferraro ARMY 04-251 Selected for Award
Title:	HRCT Modular Generic Converter
Abstract:	A modular generic converter system is proposed.

QUANTUM APPLIED SCIENCE & RESEARCH, INC. 5764 Pacific Center Blvd, Suite 107 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 373-0231 Dr. Thomas Nielsen ARMY 04-252 Selected for Award
Title:	Hands-Free Electromyographic Control of a UGV
Abstract:	This program combines state-of-the-art (SoA) approach to gesture and sub-vocal speech recognition with pioneering knowledge in the development of high-impedance bioelectrodes. QUASAR's recent development of these new electrodes enables accurate measurement of bioelectric signals without contact to the skin, and opens up the possibility of a rugged sensor suite wearable in operational environments. The goal of Phase I is to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating the Insulated Bioelectrode and EMG technologies, and to develop a rugged, accurate and practical EMG-based system for hands-free tele-operation of a Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV). The study will be done on two modalities - EMG on the throat and on the forearm. Using an initial six-command lexicon, characteristics such as accuracy, robustness of the algorithm, and training time will be quantified during a limited trial. Ways of mounting sensors for both the forearm and throat will be developed and tested under a variety of conditions. At the end of the study, QUASAR will make a determination on which modality is most appropriate as the basis of a tele-operation system. In Phase II, a prototype system and algorithms for tele-operation will be demonstrated. The target configuration is a rugged, noninvasive system for hands-free control of a UGV.

THINK-A-MOVE 23825 Commerce Park, Suite D2 Cleveland, OH 44122
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 765-8875 Mr. James West ARMY 04-252 Selected for Award
Title:	A Hands-Free Human/Robot Interface for Soldiers in the Field Based on Aural Flow Monitoring
Abstract:	Future military engagements demand the use of robotic agents alongside warfighters during field operation. Beyond effectively interacting with each other, such agents must be able to seamlessly accept complex commands and mission directives from their manned counterparts. The current generation of man-machine interface technologies, however, falls well short of the necessary robustness, precision, and ease-of-use necessary for a soldier to effectively command such units during military missions. Think-A-Move, Ltd. has teamed with The Naval Postgraduate School, Case Western Reserve University, and Southern Illinois University, to propose the development of an unobtrusive sensor-based control system for human-machine interface to command military platforms. Leveraging past successes in generating control signals from physiological recording and processing, the interface will be capable of directing robotic devices in response to tongue movement and/or speech without insertion of any device in the vicinity of the oral cavity. Phase I work will: 1) design and simulate a candidate solder-machine interface system, 2) design signal processing and filtering algorithms to map physiological disturbance, 3) develop speech interfaces for performance augmentation, and 4) demonstrate the soldier-machine interface on a robotic hardware platform.

INTEGRATED SENSING SYSTEMS, INC. 391 Airport Industrial Drive Ypsilanti, MI 48198
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 547-9896 Dr. Douglas Sparks ARMY 04-253 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Fuel Lubricity Evaluator Sensitive to Additives
Abstract:	It is proposed that ISSYS utilize its existing fluid density sensor background and micromachining technology to develop a new system capable of monitoring the lubricity of fuels. In the Phase I study, microbeads will be mixed with fluids and passed through the resonating microtube. Interaction with the tube walls will affect the motion of the microbeads resulting in a measurement of lubricity, which will be characterized in the exploratory development portion of the Phase I project. This technology lends itself to a small, portable bench-top microlubricity test system that will be fast, light, reliable and low cost, suitable for many military and commercial applications.

SURFACES RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS, INC. 8330 Melrose Drive Lenexa, KS 66214
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(913) 541-1221 Dr. Paul A. Sutor, Sr. ARMY 04-254 Selected for Award
Title:	Preservative/Break-in Lubricating Oil
Abstract:	Army vehicles require aggressive protection from rust and corrosion during long-term storage. MIL-PRF-21260 specifies a preservative/break-in oil to preserve a vehicle engine for an indefinite storage period, then drive it into service. MIL-PRF-2104 specifies a separate engine oil for in-service Army vehicles. The preservative nature of the MIL-PRF-21260 degrades quickly upon engine operation. Surfaces Research proposes to develop a top treat preservative additive package that will convert MIL-PRF-2104 diesel engine lubricants into MIL-PRF-21260 preservative/break-in lubricants. Significant Army logistics and maintenance cost savings will be achieved by enabling the ready conversion of MIL-PRF-2104 oil into MIL-PRF-21260 oil. Surfaces Research has identified and obtained the most promising additives for incorporation into the preservative top treat package. We are uniquely qualified to formulate successful top treat additive packages immediately upon program initiation. Our Phase I work will demonstrate that our new top-treated MIL-PRF-2104 oil achieves the difficult combination of both preservative and operational performance of MIL-PRF-21260. Phase I Option work will improve the stability and life of the preservative additives, so that top-treated engine oil retains preservative function during engine operation for an entire oil change interval. This will enable vehicle storage at any time without an oil change

TIAX LLC Acorn Park Cambridge, MA 02140
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 498-6436 Dr. Anil Mankame ARMY 04-255 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Assured Operational Mobility Across Gaps for the Future Combat Systems/Future Force) FCS/FF
Abstract:	Despite the increase in use of futuristic technology and the Army's plans for Future Force capabilities, the Army's mobile bridges have seen few major leaps forward in their abilities. With deployability and battlefield agility being two key requirements for Future Force units, it is imperative that gaps do not hinder combat momentum nor cost the lives of those tasked to overcome them. We at TIAX propose to push the development of the next generation military bridge using innovative Robotic Gap Defeat Technology (GDT). Our Integrated Product Team will incorporate ultralightweight materials with modern robotics and controls to design a bridge small and light enough to rapidly deploy by C-130 yet strong enough to support MLC 65 vehicles in battle - a combination of constraints no current bridge can meet. Remote and/or autonomous operation will also be critical features, protecting the bridge's human operators from harm. The future GDT will help ensure that Future Force units of action and employment retain their battlefield agility while minimizing loss of forward momentum and life

NOVELTECH, INC. 3725 Tremont Lane Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 207-1990 Dr. Chunlei Xie ARMY 04-256 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Multi-Power Source for MEMS Packaging
Abstract:	The objective of the Phase I SBIR program is to investigate the feasibility of using multi-power sources fro MEMS packaging, to over comeheating at the bonding the limitations of each single power source to allow localized heating at the bonding area without overheating temperature sensitive electronic circuitry and MEMS devices. Success from this program can lead to developing an advanced MEMS packaging technology and platform for a wide range of materials, bonding mechanisms and applications.

VISCA, LLC 1115 East Whitcomb Ave. Madison Heights, MI 48071
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 840-6575 Mr. Bill J. Harris ARMY 04-256 Selected for Award
Title:	Multi-Power Source for MEMS Packaging
Abstract:	The objective of this Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program is to develop a methodology to use novel multi-power sources for heater-on-circuit and cooling-on-circuit techniques in MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) packaging. This concept of multi-power sources, which includes alternative current heating, and the heater-on-circuit are new in MEMS packaging. While most MEMS packaging processes are performed under global heating, a local heating technique is required and often critical to widen the packaging operation temperature window and protect temperature-sensitive circuits. Conversly micro heat pumpng technology is needed to remorve heat or creat a stable ambient. These problems are related and of current importants for a large number of MEMS systems from sensors to microfuel cells. The research of this SBIR Program into multi-power heating/cooling takes advantage of this and will overcome the limitations of each single power source, thus providing an opportunity to develop a general MEMS packaging technology and platform for a wide range of materials, bonding mechanisms and applications.

MTS TECHNOLOGIES 2800 Shirlington Road, Suite 1000 Arlington, VA 22206
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 262-3717 Mr. Pete Knaze ARMY 04-257 Awarded: 15DEC04
Title:	Advanced Military Trailer Technology
Abstract:	Traditionally, military wheeled trailer design and development has been approached on an as needed, system-by-system basis. This has resulted in a considerably large fleet of trailers that have very specific and narrowly defined missions. The solution is what MTS refers to as the Modular Reconfigurable Trailer System (MRTS). The MRTS is a conceptual design consisting of lightweight, high-strength, multi-mission, reconfigurable trailers. Investigation into mission modules, robotic technologies, lightweight/high-strength materials, advanced suspension systems, and power generation and storage will be preformed to create an MRTS design that is flexible and adaptive to the military's current and emerging transportation needs. MTS will concentrate its efforts on developing or identifying technologies that can make improvements in commonality, maintainability, sustainability, transportability, performance, deployment, and training. The MRTS design will aid in reducing the number of trailers and parts in the inventory; lower the cost of ownership, repairs, and maintenance; and improve the sustainability and mobility of military trailers.

CRYPTEK, INC. 1501-Moran Drive Sterling, VA 20166
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(571) 434-2118 Mr. Edward Browdy ARMY 04-258 Selected for Award
Title:	Enhanced Access Control within a Pervasive Computing (PvC) Environment
Abstract:	Secure methods that permit a warfighter to access multiple community-of-interest (COI) sites over a common networking infrastructure have not been developed in a cost-effective manner. Furthermore, implementing enhanced access controls over a pervasive computing (PvC) environment is lacking. This proposal will develop a systems architecture for the United States Army (USA) that will provide enhanced access control within a Pervasive Computing (PvC) environment. As such, the architecture will incorporate design goals of the Future Combat Systems (FCS) and Warfighter Information Network - Tactical (WIN-T) programs. The DoD Office of Transformation indicates that modern military components will need to be smaller, lighter, more agile, and quicker to deploy. The Office wants to (1) leverage information technology to connect troops and their operations, and (2) improve and protect information networks from attacks. A critical aspect of the transformation is the use of network-centric operations to send and receive information from multiple sources to multiple recipients in a timely and secure manner. Cryptek's DiamondTEK technology combines strong authentication with VPN technology in a centrally managed fashion to meet the security requirements of the Global Information Grid (GIG) DiamondTEK can protect site-to-site communities, server to client communities, or user-to-user communities depending on how policies are constructed. DiamondTEK users may possess multiple operational profiles and these profiles can be dynamically changed at the central manager. Additionally, sites and servers protected by DiamondTEK can be added or removed from a policy profile in a dynamic fashion. Policy profiles also define a community-of-interest (COI) association. A COI policy will enumerate which sites, servers, or users are permitted to join the COI. When policy changes occur, these changes are sent to the devices rather than waiting for the user or the device to retrieve them. Cryptek will complete the primary research for developing enhanced access controls (i.e., DiamondTEK) in a PvC environment for TACOM deployment. A systems architecture document will be produced after investigating US Army telecommunications protocols and applications needed to support TACOM requirements. The document will enumerate the protocols to be used, as well as, specify the needed interfaces between DiamondTEK and IBM WECM/WEA and will be completed in 6 months. The Phase I option will then investigate how the server access control devices can be placed in a mobile computing center; increasing future situational awareness for the warfighter in the battlefield. The Phase I option will be completed in 4 months.

DEFENSE LIFE SCIENCES, LLC 6832 Old Dominion Drive, Suite 206 McLean, VA 22101
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 725-2482 Mr. Jerry B. Warner ARMY 04-259 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	Tactical Biorefineries
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to study then demonstrate the feasibility of converting military waste and locally available biomass into fuel in a division level encampment. The fuel produced would be used to power contiguous stationary devices such as mess burners, immersion heaters, generators, etc. This opportunity is presented as a product of recent advances in biotechnology, in particular our ability to engineer organisms and molecules to specific tasks, as well as improvements in biomass refinement, such as pyrolysis and gasification. During Phase I military context will be studied to determine the available material and energy flows. We will then identify the optimal candidate bioprocessing technologies and conduct preliminary bench- testing to create sufficient data to generate estimates of the energetics. Next, models of candidate biorefinery versions will be developed and used to evaluate candidate processes. Upon identification and down-selection of the best feasible version, bench- scale tests will be carried out utilizing field waste to produce the desired fuel for purposes of preliminary characterization of the design of a conceptual system. Our Phase I Option will consider the adoption of bio-based plastics and the results of our study will be captured in conceptual diagrams for phase II prototyping.

FOSTER-MILLER, INC. 350 Second Ave. Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 684-4181 Dr. Harris Gold ARMY 04-259 Selected for Award
Title:	Clean Burning Waste Gasifier to Produce Tar-Free Gas for Internal Combustion Engines
Abstract:	Dependency on petroleum fuels represents a substantial portion of logistic burdens on a forward force. One possible remedy is the utilization of fuel sources available in the forward theatre. General wastes of deployment (i.e. packaging, food, scrap materials) and local biomass are two feedstocks having high fuel potential. In this Phase I SBIR program, Foster-Miller proposes the development of a clean-burning gasifier to supplement or sole-source fuel internal combustion engine-drive electrical generators. The Phase I program will culminate in thermal and chemical analyses of the representative feedstock upon gasification. In the Option program, the results of Phase I will be used to prepare preliminary designs for a gasification system capable of feeding clean burning gas to internal combustion engines. (P-040569)

---------- NAVY ----------

141 Phase I Selections from the 04.3 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

ACTIVE SHOCK, INC. 3 Perimeter Rd. Manchester, NH 03103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 627-8547 Mr. John LaPlante NAVY 04-192 Selected for Award
Title:	Development of enhanced active damping system for the Marine Corps Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV)
Abstract:	A road wheel suspension incorporating a semi-active damper and fast load leveling spring system will be developed for the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV). The system will be designed as a replacement for the currently fielded semi-active suspension system in the same foot print, either in early production units or as a retrofit package for incorporation later in the development cycle. A suspended seat will also be evaluated to mitigate shock and vibration transmitted into the EFV crew during both land and sea operations. In Phase I, a conceptual design of all the major components for the roadwheel suspension as well as the architecture for both control hardware and software will be developed. Dynamic modeling will be used to predict system benefits and provide requirements to the design process. The improved suspension will target equivalent functionality with greatly improved shock, vibration mitigation and improved dynamic stability. The Phase I Option will be focused on generating a detailed layout of the roadwheel suspension based on the component specifications and packaging constraints identified in Phase I. This will provide the basis for the detailed design and fabrication of a prototype system capable of withstanding extended proof of concept testing in Phase II.

ART ANDERSON ASSOC. 202 Pacific Avenue Bremerton, WA 98337
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(360) 479-5600 Mr. JoePayne NAVY 04-212 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Technology for Advanced Ship Designs: SEA-Pro
Abstract:	Electrical system design requires several studies and calculations be conducted to verify proper operation of the system and specification of equipment. This includes fault current calculations, load analysis, motor starting analysis, harmonic analysis, generator response studies, electro-magnetic interference, breaker coordination, etc. Software applications are available for conducting many of these studies. Commercially available packages, however, were originally designed for land-based facilities, which were not intended to address the unique requirements of shipboard installation. The shipboard installation requirements do, in fact, significantly affect the original system design parameters. Because shipboard requirements are currently not integrated into the original system modeling and analysis, much of this analysis requires later modification. Also, because the data developed during modeling and analysis is not readily transferable to shipyard production requirements, much of the data input requires duplication, which increases production costs and introduces errors in equipment procurement and installation. SEA-Pro will reduce design and production costs by providing an integrated marine electrical engineering analysis and production capability to the US Naval and commercial shipbuilding industry. The tool will also lend itself well to lean design/manufacturing assessments by providing a marine specific model of the vessels electrical production requirements.

ATLANTEC ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS, INC. 175 Admiral Cochrane Drive, Suite 400 Annapolis, MD 21401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 897-9912 Mr. Patrick D. Cahill NAVY 04-212 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	CAD-Plan Connector
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to demonstrate with Marinette Marine (a Manitowoc Company) and Bollinger Shipyards, the shipyards of the Lockheed-Martin LCS project team, that their design software of choice, ShipConstructor (from Albacore Research Ltd.) can, through a middleware developed as part of Atlantec's Topgallantr software suite, be used to automatically develop engineering and production schedules which incorporate highly accurate estimates of labor and material costs and durations for performing the tasks necessary to design and build the Littoral Combat Ship.

KAZAK COMPOSITES, INC. 32 Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(207) 371-2568 Mr. Michael McAleenan NAVY 04-212 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Pultrusion-Based Fabrication of Revolutionary Phenolic Foam Replacement for Balsa in Navy Ship Structures
Abstract:	KaZaK Composites proposes development of a revolutionary fire resistant structural core material that will ultimately become a replacement for balsa in Navy sandwich panel construction. Balsa is currently the baseline material for structures like the DD(X) composite deckhouse. However, this baseline material has a number of shortcomings including inconsistent material properties (because it is a natural material), moisture absorption and associated degradation, and absorption of a considerable weight of resin during the VARTM manufacturing process. KaZaK's phenolic-based alternative will have far more consistent mechanical properties, and has been formulated to improve fire and impact resistance. KaZaK will also demonstrate an innovative manufacturing process for making sandwich panels of the type used by DD(X) that, once perfected, will greatly reduce the cost and simultaneously improve the performance of composite sandwich marine structures. In Phase I KaZaK will fabricate a large number of core material formulation alternatives and subject them to mechanical and fire tests to evaluate their relative performance. In addition sandwich panels will be constructed using a unique processing approach, tested in bending and impact, and results compared to balsa. Results will be reviewed by NGSS and other shipbuilders as part of KaZaK's regular meetings with our existing customer base.

STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES, INC. 7705 Technology Drive W. Melbourne, FL 32904
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 951-9464 Dr. Ronnal P. Reichard NAVY 04-212 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Technology for Advanced Ship Designs
Abstract:	The cost effective intergration of a fire protection system into a multifunctional composite structure is a goal of the shipbuilding industry. The current practice of fire protection blankets over composites for fire protection is costly, difficult to maintain, difficult to install and ineffective for several threat scenerios. Structural Composites proposes to refine a new innovative Spray Bag composite fabrication process to provide fire protection. This innovative Spray Bag material facilitates the composites' infusion fabrication process and remains as part of the structure as the fire protection system. The major technical challange which list project will address is the ability to spray an elastomeric coating that has inherent fire protection directly onto dry fiber reinforcements, frames and ports in such a manner that will form a vacuum-tight bag directly on the fabrication mold.

WEBCORE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 2000 Composite Drive Dayton, OH 45420
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 293-8698 Dr. Frederick Stoll NAVY 04-212 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Material Investigation for Navy Composite Sandwich Panel Solutions
Abstract:	There are various performance drivers that affect composite sandwich panel construction for Navy applications. Among these drivers are fire performance, structural properties, impact resistance, durability and cost. The sandwich panel material system includes the core material, the facings, the resin system and secondary coatings or facings; all of which can be varied to obtain specific sandwich panel properties. Currently, there is no single material system that provides excellent performance in all of the above areas; in fact many performance drivers run counter to each other when attempting to optimize materials for a given application. This makes material selection problematic and can lead to a circular approval pattern where one group's design drivers can steer the material selection such that it negatively affects performance in other areas or overall panel cost. This program will evaluate several material systems for use onboard Navy ships, these material systems include PVC foam core and balsa cores as well as various forms of the TYCORr material. An array of constructions that have varying degrees of fire performance, weight and cost will be manufactured and tested with the goal of identifying multiple material combinations that are both cost and weight effective, and offer fire protection that is tailorable to the fire threat for the application.

WILSON COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGIES 1004 River Rock Drive, Suite 240 Folsom, CA 95630
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(916) 989-4812 Mr. Brian Wilson NAVY 04-212 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Composite Isogrid Structure
Abstract:	This program creates the design of alight weight, composite, load bearing superstructure for surface ships. The program is supported by Bath Iron Works (BIW) as a Navy Ship contractor. BIW will supply details of structural loading and impact requirements. WCT will design an isogrid reinforced panel structure to accept the loading conditions. Mounting requirements for components are examined and the isogrid system geometry is developed and modeled. Mounting inserts are evaluated for pullout loads and environmental conditions. Pro Engineer and Laminate Design modeling techniques are used to confirm the design. Test data from an existing DOD contract will be used to support mounting design. Panels are closed out with composite skins, one face by co-curing, the other by bonding. Carbon foam will be considered as a fill medium within the isogrid core. This will enhance the bond strength to the closeout skin and provide enhanced strength to the panel. The option program will cover design, fabrication and test of a prototype composite panel. In addition to structural testing, the component attachment system will be tested. Test results are evaluated and an optimum panel design and mounting system are created, leading into a Phase II program.

KAZAK COMPOSITES, INC. 32 Cummings Park Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(207) 371-2568 Mr. Michael McAleenan NAVY 04-213 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Simplified Hybrid Stanchions and Lightweight Composite Concrete for CLF Ships
Abstract:	KaZaK Composites proposes to develop and implement improvements to current CLF dunnage systems by designing and prototyping a cost effective adjustable stanchion and lightweight concrete. Key requirements for a redesigned dunnage system include elimination of wood dunnage, supporting structural loads, significant reduction in total ownership costs, easily repaired system components, light weight, ease of use and high toughness. Adjustable stanchions will be designed to meet and/or exceed existing load requirements, reduce stanchion weight, withstand environmental conditions (hot, cold, wet), take rough handling and meet fire performance specifications. Lightweight concrete will be formulated for use between diagonal and athwart ship steel rail CLF dunnage systems. Proposed dunnage systems must not impact restraint systems/operations or require costly ship modifications. By engaging CLF ship dunnage systems, KCI and the Navy are insured that developing designs will be compatible, effective and where applicable interchangeable. In Phase I KCI will perform extensive design trade studies, including finite element analysis of critical load conditions, followed by fabrication and testing of key sections of dunnage hardware to validate performance predictions. Composite parts will be tailored for fabrication via the pultrusion process, the least costly manufacturing technology for constant cross section shapes.

MATERIALS SCIENCES CORP. 181 Gibraltar Road Horsham, PA 19044
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 542-8400 Mr. Richard Foedinger NAVY 04-213 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Pultruded Composite Structures for Cargo Stowage Systems (MSC P1T11-429)
Abstract:	Conventional cargo stowage systems (CSS) aboard Navy ships employ a steel rail diagonal dunnage system that is heavy and requires extensive use of wood block fillers between the stanchions and cargo to properly secure and restrain the cargo. In order to reduce shipboard weight and maintenance requirements, new lightweight material solutions and more efficient CSS structural designs are desired. The proposed research addresses the development and demonstration of new lightweight, damage tolerant, pultruded fiber-reinforced polyurethane composite structures for Navy ship cargo stowage systems. More efficient, lightweight composite structural design concepts and new fire-resistant polyurethane resin formulations will be applied to meet the multifunctional performance requirements of toughness, strength, stiffness and low flame, smoke and toxity. In order to ensure success and provide a path for shipboard integration and Phase II/Phase III commercialization, the proposed research will be carried out by an Integrated Product Team (IPT) consisting of composite material and structural designers and pultrusion processing experts.

SCIMITAR TECHNOLOGIES LLC 2005 Big Horn Drive Austin, TX 78734
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 692-9663 Mr. Brian Muskopf NAVY 04-213 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Advanced Structural Development for Cargo Stowage Systems
Abstract:	U.S. Navy Combat Logistics Force (CLF) ships require cargo stowage systems to secure palletized and non-containerized cargo in the ship's holds. The current steel rail diagonal dunnage cargo stowage system is heavy and requires extensive use of filler material such as wood blocks to fill space between portable stanchions and the cargo. Weight and maintenance savings could also be realized by eliminating the concrete deck filler material used between the diagonal steel rails in order to level the surface for travel of fork lift trucks. This project proposes to develop a cost effective, lightweight, corrosion and fire resistant, durable, composite cargo stowage (CCS) system, that will meet or exceed the structural and environmental exposure design requirements for U.S. Navy CLF ships. The CCS system will consist of composite stanchions, adjustable locking blocks, overhead and deck rails, and deck tiles. The CCS system components will be constructed from composite materials that will meet all U.S. Navy CLF shipboard requirements including structural, fire, smoke and toxicity, and all environmental and chemical exposures. The proposed CCS system will allow for flexible stowage configurations that can be rapidly configured by minimal ships personnel and will be forklift compatible.

AEPTEC MICROSYSTEMS, INC. 700 King Farm Boulevard, Suite 600 Rockville, MD 20850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 670-6779 Mr. John Fossaceca NAVY 04-214 Awarded: 21DEC04
Title:	Comprehensive Spectrum Management for Wireless Networks
Abstract:	Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have become standard technology for government, commercial business, and DoD networks. With this widespread proliferation of RF technology has come a myriad of problems such as how to architect the WLAN for optimum performance, how to easily set-up and configure the WLAN and how to secure the WLAN to protect it from hackers. Solutions for such problems are available and still evolving. However, a newly recognized and just as insidious problem has gotten a lot of attention recently; that is the problem of Spectrum Management. Develop advanced hardware and software technologies for analysis and management of the RF component of shipboard wireless networks. In this SBIR Phase I we plan to demonstrate the feasibility of spectrum management for a wireless network system that utilizes the common unlicensed frequency bands and has the ability to shift to other desired frequency bands. The solution developed will address improvement of throughput through avoidance of interference as well as the ability to avoid the usage of specified frequencies when required by policy. We will accomplish this through the use of extensions to an existing WLAN Management System coupled with adding special purpose spectral analysis ICs to wireless Access Points. Comprehensive spectrum management will include provisions for spectral analysis and characterization as well as RF emitter location techniques. Advanced power management coupled with the use of directional and smart antenna technology is another key aspect of this project. The primary focus will be development of system suitable for handling the complex shipboard RF environment. The system will be capable of being used for Naval and military applications, including requirements for ruggedization, electromagnetic compatibility, information assurance and open architecture. The developed solutions will also have applicability for typical shore-based installations as well.

MAXENTRIC TECHNOLOGIES LLC 2071 Lemoine Avenue Suite 302 Fort Lee, NJ 07024
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 699-7874 Mr. Houman Ghajari NAVY 04-214 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Comprehensive Spectrum Management for Wireless Networks
Abstract:	To mitigate the parasitic characteristics of radio channel, an intelligent RF control plane is desired. Spectrum Management for shipboard wireless modems, consideration for on shore equipment support, emphasis on exiting Wireless LAN protocols (802.11) with consideration for ultra wideband and even IR WLANs, are all required for maximizing radio functionality without having to maximize radio expertise. These requirements dramatically reduce the cost and complexity associated with building a business critical wireless network. A savvy spectrum management system is proposed for frequency coordination of shipboard wireless modems. This system utilizes sophisticated self-organizing interference, emission measurement, and prediction subsystems to determine the best suitable frequency band of operation. The proposed system also employs highly frequency agile front-ends for all its nodes to allow operations in the specified bands. The system will optimize throughput, power, and interference for a wireless networks, taking into account regulatory mandates.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Stephen Kupiec NAVY 04-214 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Cognitive Radio Utilization and Integration of Spectrum Emission
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Navy need for a wireless network spectrum management system for the common unlicensed frequency bands and that can shift to other frequency bands, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Cognitive Radio Utilization and Integration of Spectrum Emission (CRUISE) system based on software defined radio transceivers and novel cognitive radio techniques. In particular POC will extend the present media access control elements of the 802.11 protocols to address issues arising from hidden and exposed nodes, particularly within directional systems. POC will develop a system for flexible frequency and modulation control. This will reduce bandwidth saturation, automatically reroute network traffic around physical obstacles, ensure data packet fidelity, adjust transmission power to eliminate interference with neighboring transceivers, and extend the range of 802.11 wireless networks by using each network node as a repeater to relay messages to remote nodes. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of CRUISE network technology by building a technology demonstration unit to validate all key fundamental principles. In Phase II POC will develop several advanced CRUISE prototypes, which will prove all aspects of its advanced, adaptable, and revolutionary network architecture.

AEPTEC MICROSYSTEMS, INC. 700 King Farm Boulevard, Suite 600 Rockville, MD 20850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 670-6779 Mr. Qiang (Chris) Guo NAVY 04-215 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Sensor Synchronization Technologies
Abstract:	Shipboard condition monitoring, condition-based maintenance, measurement, and control systems involve the exchange of information among one or more controllers and numerous sensors and actuators. Correct operation of these systems requires that the temporal relationships of the sensor readings, actuator settings, and controller computations be synchronized. Navy desires to achieve the time synchronization of events on all sensors especially the smart/digital sensors utilizing standards and open architectures as much as possible. Under Phase I of this SBIR, 3eTI's Team will perform Tradeoff Analysis for time synchronization technologies. Based on our initial study, we will implement the open standard IEEE 1588 for Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control System in the following steps: (i) Developing the IEEE 1588 software and implement it on the 3eTI NCAP platform. (ii) Prototyping the IEEE 1588 time synchronization with IEEE P1451.3 and P1451.5 smart sensors using NCAP as the core platform integrating the smart sensor networks. (iii) Based on performance data, further software and hardware based optimization will be proposed. 3eTI's vision is to develop a unified solution that provides time synchronization support to heterogeneous smart sensor network simultaneously. A report will be provided that details the concept, suggested metrics and estimated life-cycle costs

ESENSORS, INC. P.O. Box 1702, 4240 Ridge Lea -- Suite 37 Amherst, NY 14226
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 837-8719 Dr. Darold Wobchall NAVY 04-215 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Sensor Time Stamping for Mixed IEEE 1451 Network Protocols
Abstract:	Many applications require that the precise time at which a sensor reading is taken be known. However, time correlation of data obtained from sensors which are distributed over a network or several networks are subject to errors or misinterpretation because different time stamp formats are used, the clocks used for the timestamp may be inaccurate and there may be uncompensated delays in the network data transmission. We propose to provide a precise time stamp which would be built into, or easily added to, all networks which use the IEEE 1451 smart transducer format. It would have time resolutions ranging from microseconds to seconds and not necessarily rely on the Internet or Ethernet network for time synchronization. NIST-based radio time clocks and features of the IEEE 1588 synchronization standard will be used to implement the reliable timing. The Phase I prototype will consist of an Internet type NCAP and two IEEE 1451.2 (RS232) TIMs with an actuator and sensors.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Mark Morton NAVY 04-215 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Sensor Synchronization Technologies
Abstract:	This project will provide a low power wireless/wired means for sensors to be accurately synchronized giving sensors the means to operate as a collective, thus improving their power and capabilities. This will be done utilizing open architectures to the fullest extent possible.

WILLIAMS-PYRO, INC. 200 Greenleaf St. Fort Worth, TX 76107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(817) 872-1500 Mr. Kartik Moorthy NAVY 04-215 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Sensor Synchronization Technologies
Abstract:	Williams-Pyro, Inc. proposes to develop a Synchronous Smart Sensor Network (S3Net) system with standardized time-synchronization protocols capable of handling inputs from a multitude of sensors onboard ships. Terrorist threats and other examples of asymmetric warfare are replacing traditional nation-to-nation threats. This new form of military threat requires an integrated information architecture that facilitates a timely distribution of sensor events to a diverse set of shipboard, first responder, local, and national recipients, which will result in improved health monitoring of system components or damage control critical to the survival of a warship and the safety of the crew. S3Net will process and collect data from existing mature sensors using time synchronization protocols based on IEEE 1451 standards and open architecture, wherein each smart sensor determines the sample timing based on the trigger or time obtained from the synchronization clock. The association of the data values and their time stamps will be performed at each sensor.

MARITIME APPLIED PHYSICS CORP. 1850 Frankfurst Avenue Baltimore, MD 21226
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(443) 524-3330 Mr. Kevin Silbert NAVY 04-216 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Power generation for weight and space limited USV systems
Abstract:	The creation of a compact, fuel efficient power generation system for use on the 7-M RHIB or SPARTAN would further increase the flexibility of this craft. Research is proposed herein to determine the best combination of JP-5/DFM fueled engine, electric generator, and power electronics technology from a field of existing technologies, recent advancements, and cutting-edge components in order to create such a system.

SYNCHROTEK P.O. Box 4083 APPLETON, WI 54915
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(920) 989-8888 Mr. Shekar Rao NAVY 04-216 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Power generation for weight and space limited USV systems
Abstract:	Synchrotek Inc. proposes to design, during phase I, a 40 kW high frequency generator set for application in Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) platforms as a power source to support command and control equipment/modules. The design is based on Synchrotek's Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) technology. It uses a lightweight twin-cylinder rotary engine as prime mover. The generator is a lightweight permanent magnet generator, which produces variable voltage, variable frequency output when connected to the variable speed engine. An electronic power converter converts the generator output to precise power for AC load at constant voltage and constant frequency, or for DC load to precise DC voltage. The entire system is optimized for the lightest possible weight, expected to be less than 650 lbs. Additional benefits of the VSCF system are improved efficiency of the generator and the entire system over a range of load. This is achieved by controlling the speed of the engine for varying load conditions by an electronic speed controller that senses the load and adjusts the speed. Synchrotek has developed several gen-sets for the Army CECOM, as R & D Effort. Among them are the 3 kW and 5 kW generator/Inverter systems. Synchrotek has developed in-line generator for the Army for a constant speed application that produced 10 kW output at 120/208 V, 3ph, 60 Hz at engine speed of 1200 rpm. The generator is designed for speed range of 800 to 3400 rpm. Three prototype units have been incorporated into HMMWV system for field tests. The proposed high frequency generator will be designed with similar physical parameters, but for variable speed application. The phase I work effort will consist of a comprehensive assessment of mechanical, electrical and thermal trade off for an optimum configuration of a 40 kW generator coupled to a rotary engine The effort will address the electrical, mechanical and thermal considerations of the generator. The phase 1 effort will also evaluate its performance with the Power Electronics package to ensure 40 kW power at precise voltage and frequency and to generate drawings for fabrication of the generators during phaseII.

UQM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 7501 Miller Drive, PO Box 439 Frederick, CO 80530
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 278-2002 Mr. Alan Gilbert NAVY 04-216 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Lightweight Power Generation for RHIB Platforms
Abstract:	Military USV platforms require an increasing amount of electric power to support electronic systems developed for command and control and other loads. Combined with the fact that existing generator sets that provide the 40 kW of required power are too large and heavy for these boats, alternative solutions need to be found. UQM has developed small, lightweight generator solutions for hybrid electric vehicles used within ground vehicles, and can take this technology into RHIB platforms. Several small diesel engines exist as good candidates to become the prime mover of a UQM permanent magnet generator. The conditioned DC power is then fed to one or more AC power inverters for the creation of 60 and 400 Hz power. The feasibility of combining existing and/or modified components will become the focus of the Phase I effort, with the fundamental approach to minimize component development. UQM believes that the building blocks to create a lightweight (less than 400 lbs) generator system exist, and that good systems engineering will become the challenge. Issues of focus include component maturity, component interactions/compatibility, marine environment suitability, and systems-level tradeoffs.

MINNESOTA WIRE & CABLE CO. 1835 Energy Park Drive Saint Paul, MN 55108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(651) 659-6762 Mr. Randy L. Milbert NAVY 04-217 Awarded: 27OCT04
Title:	Multi-function Connectors for Shipboard Equipment
Abstract:	The United States Navy is developing a multi-mission surface combatant called the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). The present design supports anti-submarine warfare (ASW), mine warfare (MIW), and surface warfare (SUW) mission packages. It also provides underwater vehicle, aerial vehicle, and weapon zones for attaching mission modules. LCS's objective is to support a complete mission change-including an operational test (OPTEST)-within 24 hours. We propose a Pod ConnectorT for rapidly and securely attaching mission modules to a ship's deck. The Pod ConnectorT is self-stowing, watertight, and dirt-free. When the Pod ConnectorT is not in use, it stores upside-down and creates a watertight seal. Unlike protruding fasteners, which are damaged by loading apparatus (e.g. grabs and bulldozers), and recessed fasteners, which fill with dirt and water, the Pod ConnectorT stores flush with the deck's surface. As a result, there is no need for time consuming removal and replacement of the Pod ConnectorT between missions. In addition, the watertight seal prevents thread corrosion and water freezing on contacts, thereby ensuring reliable attachment. Pod ConnectorT variants include one for supplying power and data and another for transferring fluid and gas. The Pod ConnectorT accelerates mission module installation and reduces logistical overhead by rarely requiring replacement. Working with our partner, Lockheed Martin, we have devised an optimal layout for Pod ConnectorT arrays in each LCS zone. This configuration is designed to maximize the effectiveness of existing and future sensor, vehicle, and weapon modules including the Spartan Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), Long-term Mine Reconnaissance System (LMRS) Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV), and Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS).

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. 20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg. 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Mr. Kang Lee NAVY 04-217 Awarded: 27OCT04
Title:	Selectable Error-Free Analog and Digital Operations Grid Connector
Abstract:	Most deck-mounted hardware is permanently attached to the ship's structure, so ships cannot be easily reconfigured to fill gaps in a conventional naval force structure. This means that ships cannot be leveraged when naval forces are scarce in a certain location, or for simultaneous conflicts in widely separated theaters. A multifunctional, rugged, easy-to-use plug-and-play connector will directly address this problem. To meet this U.S. Navy need, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Selectable Error-free Analog and Digital Operations Grid (SEADOG) connector. The SEADOG connector features: (1) a novel 360 degree blind connection, ensuring that hardware can be attached quickly and easily to a ship's structure in any weather or sea state; (2) rapid self-correcting connections for both power and data, ensuring seamless multimedia communication, uninterrupted video throughput, reliable sensor data, and real-time targeting information even within crowded shipboard digital domains; and (3) a self-actuating environmental seal protecting sensitive mechanical and electrical components from the harsh marine environment. In Phase I POC will develop, fabricate, and test a SEADOG connector model to demonstrate feasibility of the concept. In Phase II an optimized and rugged engineering prototype will be built that will be tested under laboratory test conditions.

APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES CORP. 2 State Street, Suite 300 New London, CT 06320
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 440-3253 Mr. Jason Rudzinsky NAVY 04-218 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Algorithms for Rapid and Accurate Depth Localization of Targets for Mine Avoidance
Abstract:	The US Navy's new DD(X) destroyer currently under design features amongst its extensive sensor suite an innovative dual (high frequency and mid-frequency) frequency, active bow sonar. One of the primary missions of the high frequency (HF) component of the bow-sonar will be in-stride mine avoidance. Advanced signal processing algorithms, developed for predecessor sonars aboard modern US submarines, allow high-resolution localization (range, depth and relative azimuth) of mine-like objects. However, the performance of these algorithms is degraded under multipath conditions typical of shallow water (<200m) environments. Here we propose to investigate, develop, demonstrate and implement modifications to the existing signal processing sequence to improve the sonar's mine-hunting capabilities in refractive, multipath environments. These modifications will be implemented in a robust, post-monopulse correlated-field-processing algorithm. The proposed algorithm will endeavor to simultaneously estimate both target location and relevant environmental parameters by comparing the beam-time structure of detections on both the real and imaginary parts of the complex monopulse output to efficiently computed, model estimations of the same. Multi-ping trends in beam-time space of the measured and modeled multipath echo differences will facilitate efficient corrections to the assumed sound speed structure and bathymetry via low order empirical and analytical parametric perturbations

MIKEL, INC. 151 Martine St Fall River, MA 02723
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 675-2681 Dr. Harold Vincent NAVY 04-218 Awarded: 21OCT04
Title:	Algorithms for Rapid and Accurate Depth Localization of Targets for Mine Avoidance
Abstract:	This work proposes to develop an efficient algorithm for rapid and accurate depth localization of mine-like targets in shallow water environments where both direct and multi-path wave propagation exists. The proposed algorithm is an extension of an existing table look-up approach for direct path refraction correction, which has been implemented in real time software at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) for improved depth localization of targets on range. In this approach, the major computational effort associated with the time-consuming, trial-and-error ray tracing to determine the actual refracted path for each eigen ray (either direct or multi-path) between the emitted pulse from the ship's sonar and the target's reflected position, is conducted prior to implementing the real-time localization based on sound velocity and travel time. The result of this a priori computation is termed the effective sound velocity between two positions for the specific ocean environment (SVP and bathymetry) and is stored in tables in terms of various depths and depression/elevation angles. During the real-time localization process, only simple interpolations are required to obtain the effective sound velocity (which is significantly different from the true sound velocity at various depth locations) between the ship and target positions.

21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC. 12152 Windsor Hall Way Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(573) 329-8526 Dr. Robert Woodley NAVY 04-219 Awarded: 25OCT04
Title:	Advanced Detection, Classification, and Avoidance Toolkit (ADCAT)
Abstract:	The need for autonomous unmanned vehicles is becoming more evident. Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) provide benefits ranging from manpower reduction and force multiplication, to performing missions too dangerous for manned platforms. One of the most critical challenges is the avoidance of obstacles. 21st Century Systems, Incorporated (21CSI) is in the right place at the right time with regard to this topic. Through various SBIR projects for the Navy and other services and agencies, we have developed and refined many of the pieces required to meet this challenge and are pleased to propose to address it. Through our considerable decision support expertise gleaned from development projects on behalf of many DOD agencies and melded with a state-of-the-art image processing technique, we propose to provide state-of-the-art object detection and classification for situation awareness and object avoidance. We call our concept the Advanced Detection, Classification, and Avoidance Toolkit (ADCAT). The general nature of our proposed solution and its expected effectiveness will make it applicable to a wide range of FNC unmanned vehicles. The ADCAT enabling technology, utilizing a computationally efficient algorithm that is robust with respect to geometrical transformations and spatial and temporal variations, will permit object detection and classification for unmanned vehicles.

DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC. 40 Lloyd Avenue, Suite 200 Malvern, PA 19355
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 727-7700 Dr. W. Reynolds Monach NAVY 04-219 Awarded: 25OCT04
Title:	Object Avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs)
Abstract:	Daniel H. Wagner Associates, Inc. will develop an Object Avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (OAUSV) system that processes all available data, dynamically generates a Tactical Picture, an optimal route, and an object avoidance plan, and provides this information to the Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) control system and its operators. A key capability provided by OAUSV will be the ability to fuse data obtained by off-board systems (e.g., other ship's/aircraft/UVs' organic systems, Route Surveys, MCM systems) with own-USV data in real-time. In addition, we will utilize the contact data fusion and environmental data fusion algorithms developed in our Commander's Estimate of the Situation Tactical Decision Aid (CESTDA) and Current, Wind, and Wave Data Fusion (CWWDF) projects for ONR to determine a recommended route for the USV that minimizes ship vulnerability. As shown in our Cooperative Organic Mine Defense (COMID) work, the ability to utilize non-own-USV data will significantly improves the ability of the USV to maneuver around potentially threatening objects and dramatically reduces the number of false alarms. The primary algorithmic techniques that will be utilized in OAUSV are non-Gaussian and multiple hypothesis data registration and fusion, non-Gaussian optimization, and Bayesian inferential reasoning.

GENEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 10605 Concord St., Ste. 500 Kensington, MD 20895
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 962-6565 Mr. David Tunnell NAVY 04-219 Awarded: 25OCT04
Title:	SmartAvoidT - A Portable, Scalable Object Avoidance Solution for all Day/Night/Weather/Smoke Environments
Abstract:	The primary objective of this SBIR effort is to develop a novel object avoidance algorithm dubbed SmartAvoidT. Unmanned vehicles of all types are faced with the common challenge of avoiding objects in the path of the unmanned vehicle. Until a robust, affordable object avoidance solution is provided, true autonomous operation on unmanned vehicles cannot be performed. Genex Technologies, Inc., a 3D and high-speed image processing company proposes to develop and integrate an object avoidance system for USVs. Our focus is to develop a novel object avoidance algorithm called SmartAvoidT that extracts multiple objects/targets out of video/imagery data, establishes individual tracks for each object and maps a path around each object to avoid collisions. The algorithm will then integrate with navigation systems to change course to avoid each object, continuously updating the "mapped" route. The primary innovation of our proposed SmartAvoidT algorithm is the adaptation of a multi-state-machine framework that uses a variety of object detection and target tracking methods to create robust inter-object `awareness' in high noise and cluttered (sea) environments. Our goal is to develop a reliable object avoidance algorithm that can provide robust location and history of the movement of multiple objects in real time within any imagery data (i.e. visible, near infrared, infrared, image intensified (I2), Ultra-Wideband (UWB), or any imagery yielding multiple targets within a stationary or moving background).

UTOPIACOMPRESSION, CORP. 11150 Olympic Blvd., Suite 1020 Los Angeles, CA 90064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 473-1500 Dr. Joseph Yadegar NAVY 04-219 Awarded: 25OCT04
Title:	Adaptive and Intelligent Object Avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs)
Abstract:	Automated object avoidance for Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) for both Navy (and DoD in general) and commercial applications has been the subject of much research and development over the past decades. The creation of a set of robust software tools for fully automated detection, classification/recognition and tracking of objects is vital in the development of an avoidance system for USVs. Without such tools the Navy operation of USV will require the existence of the man-in-the-loop (MITL) navigation. A multitude of current and future research and developments support the potential values and needs of autonomous systems. The use of truly autonomous USVs has been hampered by a lack of sophisticated and resource efficient obstacle avoidance systems. Current approaches have focused on either expensive active sensor systems or inferential processing techniques that are computationally intensive. In this proposal, UtopiaCompression and Defense Research Associate (UC/DRA) present an adaptive and intelligent system concept, using innovative algorithms in computer vision, mobile robotics, and computational intelligence, in particular Machine Learning (ML), which will facilitate true autonomous USV operations by providing a real-time, end-to-end solution tailored to Navy's sensor data and mission requirements using inexpensive imaging sensors and modest computational resources.

INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC. 2520 W. 237th Street Torrance, CA 90505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 530-7130 Dr. Indu Saxena NAVY 04-220 Awarded: 20OCT04
Title:	Mechanical System Metrics with Embedded Transducers
Abstract:	In the proposed work, Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) will determine the feasibility of developing non-intrusive, low-cost, embeddable pressure transducers that can be used to provide mechanical system data on valves used in salt water and hydraulic fluid piping systems. Specifically, in Phase I, IOS will demonstrate the potential for fabricating microTech fiber optic pressure transducers that will operate reliably (less than 1% variation) over the required strain range (up to 6000 psi). In Phase I, a communication protocol will be selected and a first design for a multichannel pressure detection system will be established.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Mark Morton NAVY 04-220 Awarded: 20OCT04
Title:	Multi-purpose sensor module for valve control
Abstract:	As part of the DDX and future Navy automated ship requirements, systems that were once controlled manually must now be controlled automatically or remotely. Control of mechanical systems requires feedback from sensors located at the device. Luna proposes to develop a multi-purpose sensor module for valve control and automation on board Navy ships. The module will be capable of either wired or wireless communication. Using battery powered wireless technology; this system is easily retrofitted onto existing ships, not requiring any new cable runs. Sensor data is transmitted to an application specific node for use in a control system, or to an Ethernet type node to make data available to multiple shipboard systems. On valves that are electrically controlled, the sensor module will have the option of wired power to prevent the need for periodic battery changes. The sensor will also have the capability of 0-10V or 4/20 milliamp output via a connector on the housing for systems that require wired communications. Standard pressure sensors will be used to interface with the module for measurement at any common pressure range. This same platform can also be used to measure parameters such as temperature, strain, and acceleration for other health monitoring applications.

MAROTTA SCIENTIFIC CONTROLS, INC. 78 Boonton Ave., P.O. Box 427 Montville, NJ 07045
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 334-7800 Mr. Tate Schappell NAVY 04-220 Awarded: 20OCT04
Title:	Embedded Pressure Sensors for Automation and Control of Fluid Valves
Abstract:	The US Navy continues to research and develop advanced automation technologies to reduce the manning required to operate the next generation of combatants, without compromising platform survivability. One of the most manpower-intensive activities is damage control, during which time critical systems are shut down or re-routed to keep the ship operational. Sailors have typically been the only means of assessing and reacting to damage to a ship system1. For many systems, rapidly isolating damage and preventing loss of line media are critical to continued ship operation. Automated distributed control systems promise to greatly reduce reaction time and significantly reduce the numbers of sailors required during damage control operations by utilizing the following technology: � Smart sensors to determine line pressure and fluid flow � Smart valves to isolate damage Smart valves are now available that include controllers capable of communicating with sensors and other smart valves, each commonly referred to as "nodes" in the system. Depending on its location in the system, each smart valve is programmed to respond to information sent to it by other nodes, such as line pressure, fluid temperature, fluid flow, and whether other valves are open or closed. The primary Phase I Technical Objective is to assess the state-of-the-art in pressure and flow sensors and their applicability to smart fluid systems on Navy ships. From this information a recommendation will be made regarding the best available sensors that will meet the needs of the Navy. Marotta proposes to use a 3-step approach in order to achieve the stated Technical Objective. The first step of this SBIR will be to conduct an exhaustive survey of the market for pressure and flow sensors. The second step will be to select one or more of the most promising products or technologies and recommend design changes as required for the Navy ship environment. The final step will be to incorporate these sensors into a smart valve system, using LonWorks or other field bus, to provide the information necessary to monitor, troubleshoot and reroute the system around any damaged or non-functioning sections.

NEXSENSE SCIENTIFIC, INC. 465 South Mathilda Avenue, Suite 106 Sunnyvale, CA 94086
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 720-8800 Dr. James T. Suminto NAVY 04-220 Awarded: 20OCT04
Title:	Embedded Smart Pressure Sensors for Automation and Control of Fluid Valves
Abstract:	The objective of our proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing a low profile, small size, all stainless steel pressure sensors which is suitable for the automation control of fluidic valve (smart valve). This Phase I project will develop novel capacitive strain gage and eventually an all stainless steel pressure sensor will be developed using this new strain gage. Capacitive sensing is inherently high sensitive and near zero temperature effects. All stainless steel pressure design is rugged and suitable for harsh environment, such as, in salt water, hydraulic oil, lube oil, and even in heat exchangers. The strain gage will be batch fabricated using micromachining method, thus low cost. A commercially available very low power consumption wireless network will also be studied in Phase I. In Phase II, an ultra-miniature and low power consumption wireless network will be developed and will be incorporated with the newly design pressure sensor to form a complete package for automatic control of fluidic valve.

ORBITAL RESEARCH, INC. 4415 Euclid Avenue, Suite 500 Cleveland, OH 44103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 649-0399 Dr. Greg Shaw NAVY 04-220 Awarded: 20OCT04
Title:	A MEMS-Based Sensor for Automation and Control of Fluid Valves
Abstract:	In this program, Orbital Research Inc. will enhance its current embedded pressure sensor technology, which previously has been demonstrated for sensing in-situ engine combustion events, for the automation and control of shipboard fluid valves. Precise control of high pressure fluidic systems is currently accomplished using high performance control valves. Performance of these valves can be improved by coupling them with local pressure sensors to allow feedback control. Adding data feedback to damage control, propulsion and other shipboard systems will enable improved safety, greater efficiency and better system survivability while requiring less manning. This proposal presents an innovative MEMS-based sensor system which exhibits very high sensitivity allowing it to be small and non-intrusive. Its material composition makes it very robust, chemically resistant, and survivable in a variety of environments, including salt water, lube oil, and hydraulic fluid. The MEMS fabrication technology makes it inherently inexpensive and allows flexibility in packaging to accommodate communication options. In this Phase I program, a sensor will be designed, and fabricated for laboratory testing to ensure robustness and prove the feasibility. The Phase II program will build on the Phase I through detailed design optimization including extensive full-scale prototype testing in a working fluid system. At the conclusion of this successful SBIR program, Orbital Research anticipates having a system ready for Phase III field evaluation on a future combatant platform such as DD(X).

QORTEK, INC. 2400 Reach Road, Suite 204 Williamsport, PA 17701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(570) 322-2700 Dr. Gareth J. Knowles NAVY 04-220 Awarded: 20OCT04
Title:	Embedded Pressure Sensors for Automation and Control of Fluid Valves
Abstract:	The new pressure sensor/transmitter technology for marine flow valves represents enormous advantages over existing marine pressure measurement devices. The new technology would meet virtually all the U.S. Navy needs in flow pressure/rate sensing at a fraction of the cost of what it presently costs the Navy to purchase. These low cost "pliable" sensors can be directly integrated in piping and valving adjacent to the flow of fluids or gasses. The technology offers significantly more accurate sensor measurements than are presently available with `pressure diaphragm' or other resistive sensor related techniques. The manufacture is a low cost production process that can easily be geared from few to mass output levels. The devices themselves are immune to temperature drift and will be available in small/very low profile packaging size that is pliable and can be directly attached to the interior walls of pipes and fittings.

ASPEN AEROGELS, INC. 30 Forbes Road, Building B Northborough, MA 01532
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 691-1184 Mr. Ryan Donovan NAVY 04-221 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Aerogel insulation blankets for shipboard noise suppression
Abstract:	High noise levels on aircraft carriers from onboard flight operations impart tremendous implications, including miscommunication during combat and training, reduced crew combat effectiveness from stress and fatigue, and medical expenses from hearing damage. To mitigate the cost and safety concerns, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Occupational Safety and Health Requirements stipulate that new ship designs incorporate acoustical treatments so that the equivalent noise level at watchstander stations is less than 84 dBA. To accomplish this objective, the Navy wants to develop new sound insulation which surpasses current state-of-the-art materials for passive noise reduction. Prior efforts have shown that aerogel insulation blankets, developed for thermal purposes only, have potential to absorb sound. On the proposed effort, Aspen Aerogels, Inc. will optimize those aerogel blanket materials specifically for acoustic noise suppression. Aspen will vary chemical composition, density, and pore size, as well as include hybrid material solutions. Phase II will scale up development and perform full testing needed to qualify the system for shipboard use. Overall, the proposed aerogel insulation will be cost effective, light-weight, and able to satisfy thermal, smoke, and fire barrier requirements.

QUIET SOLUTION, INC, 522 Almanor Ave Sunnyvale, CA 94085
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 523-4001 Mr. Kevin Surace NAVY 04-221 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Acoustic, Thermal and Fire Insulation System
Abstract:	The objective is to develop a new class of insulation coating that simultaneously targets noise, fire and condensation. A single coating which can fulfill all the requirements would be the ideal solution (Design A). Recently, QS completed R&D on a novel viscoelastic polymer for use in construction that provides superior sound damping along with fire protection in a single polymer blend. This is now in commercial use. Some of this technology, combined with ceramic microspheres, can be leveraged into a single coating. This one-component system, referred to as Design A, will be investigated as part of Phase 1. Alternatively, a lower risk Design B two-component coating system will also be investigated. The top component will be a thermal insulating coating consisting of microscopic air-filled ceramic and/or silicon microspheres to provide a fire, thermal insulation and condensation barrier. The bottom component will be QuietShip to damp noise and vibration. QS (and predecessor company) has been shipping acoustic damping viscoelastic polymer technologies for 12 years. It is now executing a project on the X-Craft using the same base polymer slated for the system. QS is confident that it will provide a breakthrough material to Navy as a result of this SBIR.

TECH 21, LLC 301 W. Airline Hwy., Ste 100 La Place, LA 70068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(985) 651-2911 Mr. Morris I. Meyer NAVY 04-221 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Acoustic, Thermal and Fire Insulation System
Abstract:	In recent years, significant strides have vastly improved the potential for spray on insulation systems that will help to abate airborne noise on Surface Ships. The optimal insulation will provide high acoustic absorption, airborne transmission loss and structural damping along with the requisite thermal/fire/condensation protection. Our objective is to exhibit improved acoustic characteristics through a liquid ceramic thermal insulation that provides NAVSEA approved condensation control. Combine this product with a tested fire retardant product that also displays damping capabilities. These products will produce a multi-modal or composite layered liquid applied barrier. This coating combination is safe, light weight and produces very little smoke. The concept will use proven ceramic micro-sphere technology that we have developed and designed over a 14 year period. The blending of micro spheres in a safe, light weight waterborne matrix has been accepted for use by industry and manufacturing in a wide array of circumstances. TECH 21 research will investigate how these products can be combined for maximum results. The conclusion will yield a method of blending and installation that will reduce handling, weight and installation costs. We will explore the incorporation of this system into the N98-092 JERICHO program and SNAME's Design Guide 3.37.

ETREMA PRODUCTS, INC. 2500 N. Loop Drive Ames, IA 50010
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(515) 296-8030 Ms. Rachel Dudley NAVY 04-222 Awarded: 19OCT04
Title:	Active Noise Reduction Technology
Abstract:	The proposed effort will actively reduce noise from flight operations at watchstander stations below the flight deck to levels that do not require hearing protection. Long-term hearing loss of personnel is projected to cost the Navy on the order of $12.6 billion over a 30 year retirement period. Active noise reduction (ANR) has long been known as the best method of controlling low-frequency noise but has been limited by available technologies. Recent developments in modern control methods and microprocessors have made active noise reduction a practical, realizable solution for controlling low-frequency noise. Etrema Products, Inc. proposes to implement an ANR system to reduce noise levels from shipboard flight operations by >20 dBA over the frequency range from 50-800 Hz. The proposed approach uses a combination of active structural acoustic control and active noise cancellation by vibrating ship bulkheads and/or speaker panels to actively control noise in ship compartments using the magnetostrictive material, TERFENOL-D. The Phase I effort will be to generate a design concept, demonstrate its feasibility through modeling, and develop a concept validation plan. If successful, the proposed work will reduce costs to the Navy of long-term hearing loss and other detrimental effects of excessive noise exposure.

SIGNAL SYSTEMS CORP. P.O. Box 787 Severna Park, MD 21146
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 431-7148 Mr. Chris Cechak NAVY 04-222 Awarded: 19OCT04
Title:	Active Noise Reduction Technology
Abstract:	Noise levels in crew compartments below the flight decks on Navy ships during flight operations have traditionally been extremely noisy due to jet engine noise as well as launch machinery transients. Levels exceed Navy desired levels by over 10 dB. Current state of the art materials do not work well at low frequencies. SSC proposes to develop an active noise solution that consists of a modular, fully integrated smart material that can be applied to the interior compartments of ships. The smart acoustic panel will reduce radiating noise by employing advanced smart materials such as polyvinylidene fluouride (PVDF) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuation materials, embedded MEMs based acoustic and vibration sensors, and polyurethane foam for passive vibration absorption. A method to use smart acoustic materials to provide local noise control of manned spaces will also be investigated if global control proves to be unfeasible.

HARMONIA, INC. 1715 Pratt Drive, Suite 2820 Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 951-5901 Dr. Marc Abrams NAVY 04-223 Awarded: 19OCT04
Title:	Enhancing the Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure Through UIML
Abstract:	Harmonia, Inc. proposes to address human/computer interface (HCI) issues faced by the DD(X) program by investigating new and "breakthrough" software tools that utilize the User Interface Markup Language (UIML). The proposed tools interface with commercial off-the-shelf products and are designed to streamline the HCI design and development process without forcing DD(X) personnel to significantly change the process they currently follow. The approach centers on working closely with the ship system integrator industry to form project execution and implementation teams; obtaining input from experienced individuals to focus on developing software technologies that promote commonality within the Total Ship Computing Environment (TSCE), thus adhering to the Navy's proposed Open Architecture Computing Environment guidelines and reducing lifecycle costs. Harmonia has identified six DD(X) engineering problem areas and possible UIML-based tools to address them. During Phase I Harmonia will define requirements, identify potential risks, conduct selected prototyping activities, and assess the commercial viability of each technology to determine which have the most potential benefit for the DD(X) program and should thus be prototyped in Phase II

MODELLION SYSTEMS, INC. 1335 Woodcliffe Dr Monroeville, PA 15146
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(412) 607-6404 Dr. Raj Rajkumar NAVY 04-223 Awarded: 19OCT04
Title:	Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCE-I) Hardware and Software Technology
Abstract:	We shall design and prototype open interfaces for measuring the performance and satisfaction of applications in distributed real-time systems. The interfaces will constitute a framework that enables multiple dimensions of application performance and satisfaction to be measured, logged, visualized and interchanged. These measurements can also be fed to resource managers to dynamically adapt application behaviors to maximize overall system satisfaction. Dynamic (or offline) resource managers can also use these measurements in order to analytically and recursively deploy applications on available resources. Performance hooks can also be inserted into (or deleted from) the code automatically. Core capabilities and a visualization front-end will also be prototyped in open real-time environments. Measurements can be enabled or disabled selectively or when pre-specified alert conditions are satisfied.

RLW, INC. 1360 South Atherton Street State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 272-7908 Mr. Bill Nickerson NAVY 04-223 Awarded: 19OCT04
Title:	A Micro-DAP for DD(X) Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCE-I) Hardware and Software Technology
Abstract:	RLW proposes to design and demonstrate a TSCE-I compliant "micro" Distributed Adaptation Processor (DAP) by incorporating a modified TSCE client into its SxNAP(TM) family of products. This will provide a family of "Small, low cost peripheral data collection and legacy system interface" options for DD(X) and other DoD and commercial platforms. The SxNAP family has been developed over the last five years to provide a hardware/software platform to enable connection of any analog sensor to any network. The SxNAP devices provide signal conditioning and sensor power, local processing to apply algorithms and logic to sensor data (reduce bandwidth and enable limited local closed-loop control), and communications to manage the network interface and format the data. The family spans multi-sensor/high processing power applications for vibration analysis to single sensor/low processing power applications for monitoring distributed parameter values (temperature, pressure). Our efforts to date have focused on an XML interface over wired and wireless (802.11b/g) TCP/IP networks, but the platform has been designed to accommodate any network interface. This project will adapt and port the TSCE Client onto a low-cost microprocessor/microcontroller platform - the SxNAP Network Processor.

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH CORP. 15210 Dino Drive Burtonsville, MD 20866
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 989-2499 Dr. Gilbert Lovell NAVY 04-225 Selected for Award
Title:	Stable Platform Module for Ships
Abstract:	There exists many potential applications for stable platform technology on Navy as well as commercial vessels. One such application is launching and recovering UAVs and VTUAVs on ships at sea. Without a stable launch and recovery platform that eliminates ship accelerations, operation of the unmanned aerial vehicles from ships is difficult. Although stabilization systems for orientational degrees of freedom are common on ships (e.g., consider fire control systems and stabilized antennas), systems that provide stabilization for both orientation and large changes in position are not. We propose to develop a concept that can provide full stabilization (i.e., in both position and orientation) that would greatly facilitate a UAV and VTUAV operation on ships and that can be adapted to other applications such as at-sea transfer of cargo and personnel. A dynamic simulation of the proposed stable platform module will be developed and candidate COTS hardware and suitable low-level control architectures will be identified. System requirements will be refined and critical derived requirements, including ship motion sensing, will be established. The results of the phase I effort will allow for a smooth transition to the hardware prototype development for phase II.

SATCON TECHNOLOGY CORP. 161 First Street Cambridge, MA 02142
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(623) 487-8689 Mr. Doug Havenhill NAVY 04-225 Selected for Award
Title:	Stable Launch and Recovery Platform (SLARP)
Abstract:	SatCon proposes a stable platform module for the launch and recovery of UAVs from the decks of Navy Ships. This platform will accommodate large amplitude motions in roll, pitch and heave enabling wide spread use of UAV systems on smaller Navy ships over a wide range of sea sates and vessel speeds. The platform will utilize an innovative folding actuator system that allows large vertical displacements while providing for a low profile installation without intruding below the deck. The fully electric actuator system will require very little maintenance reducing operating cost and manning requirements. In Phase I we will assess launch and recovery requirements for a variety of UAV/UAS, deck motion characteristics of Navy and commercial ships and determine requirements for platform size, amplitudes of actuator motion, and necessary control bandwidths. Also in Phase one a preliminary design of the prototype Stable Platform Module will be generated. Detailed structural analysis and dynamic simulations will be performed in a Phase I option. A full-scale prototype will build and evaluated in the subsequent Phase II program.

FAIRCHILD IMAGING 1801 McCarthy Blvd. Milpitas, CA 95035
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 433-2663 Mr. Rex Bordwell NAVY 04-226 Awarded: 22DEC04
Title:	Large Format Monolithic CCD Camera
Abstract:	Fairchild Imaging is ideally and uniquely qualified to develop the Large Format Monolithic CCD Camera. Fairchild Imaging has over 30 years experience in CCD focal plane design and fabrication. In addition, we retain camera engineering and manufacturing capability to support a variety of scientific, industrial and military applications. We currently manufacture the largest commercially available CCDs (8cmX8cm up to 85 million pixels), the largest available thinned CCDs (6cmX6cm), the most advanced scientific cameras (utilizing our very large, thinned CCDs), the most sensitive CMOS imagers that are commercially available, and the most sensitive cameras that use our CMOS imagers. Additionally, Fairchild Imaging has produced several thousand wafer scale imagers for use in sophisticated commercial imaging applications such as medical x-ray imaging (notably mammography and fluoroscopy), x-ray crystallography, astronomy, electron microscopy, reconnaissance and other military applications, space research, synchrotron instrumentation, spectroscopy, and biological (DNA) research. The experience, capability, skill and equipment are sufficient to achieve the goals of this program.

SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY ASSOC., INC. 27122 Paseo Espada, Suite 1004 San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 481-1595 Dr. Richard Bredthauer NAVY 04-226 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	Large Format Monolithic CCD Camera
Abstract:	A primary limitation to the implementation of new ground-based astronomy measurement techniques is the inaccuracy of navigation and targeting due to error in the celestial frame of reference. This celestial frame of reference is relied upon for satellite attitude determination, payload calibration, in-course missile adjustments, space surveillance, and accurate star positions used as fiducial points. The development of an ultrahigh resolution CCD (up to the limit of a 150 mm wafer) that integrates high dynamic range and fast readout will substantially decrease the error in the celestial reference frame. New developments within semiconductor fabrication, along with a mature CCD processing, will alleviate yield issues and improve cosmetic quality. New process technologies including high-k gate dielectrics, shallow trench isolation, chemical-mechanical processing, and combination stepper-scanner capabilities, aid in large area yield, improved charge transfer efficiency (CTE), fast readout, decreased RMS noise, and improved CCD sensitivity. Semiconductor Technology Associates proposes a solution which will identify and integrate the appropriate new semiconductor technology advancements to existing CCD processing recipes to yield large area ultrahigh resolution imager systems.

MAKAI OCEAN ENGINEERING, INC. P.O. Box 1206 Kailua, HI 96734
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 259-8871 Dr. Joseph Van Ryzin NAVY 04-227 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Integration and Optimization of Hydrogen Production with Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Technology in Offshore Floating Platforms
Abstract:	OTEC is a clean, renewable energy resource capable of producing very large and significant quantities of hydrogen in at-sea floating plants located in warm, tropical water. During phase I, Makai will develop an analytical model to technically balance and financially evaluate a large-scale OTEC-driven hydrogen (or alternate fuel) plant and industry. This computer tool will technically link and balance system components while providing resulting total costs. This model will be used to develop a means of comparison between the OTEC-hydrogen path and competitive hydrogen paths such as coal, natural gas, and nuclear. The analysis will include new developments in platform technology, advances in the OTEC process, and alternate fuels to hydrogen which may be more advantageous for at-sea production, storage and transportation. The study will lead toward the development of a trial or prototype at-sea plant to supply hydrogen (or alternate fuels) for the US Navy or civilian users.

R. W. BECK, INC. The Corporate Center, East Wing, 550 Cochituate Ro Framingham, MA 01701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 935-1648 Mr. Dennis Loria NAVY 04-227 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Integration and Optimization of Hydrogen Production with Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Technology in Offshore Floating Platforms
Abstract:	The result of this Phase I work will be the development of a state-of-the-art computer model that will identify production costs for both liquified and compressed hydrogen fuel, using a floating OTEC platform. This hydrogen cost will be a delivered cost at a location specified by the User.

BARRON ASSOC., INC. 1410 Sachem Place, Suite 202 Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 973-1215 Mr. Jason O. Burkholder NAVY 04-228 Selected for Award
Title:	Automated Swimmer Recongition Algorithms for the HarborGuard Intrusion Detection System
Abstract:	The remote identification of surfaced swimmers in a harbor environment is a critical requirement for a comprehensive waterside security system. This requirement can be clearly divided into detection and classification objectives. Detection in this context means identifying the presence of a target on the surface of the water. Classification means discriminating between different types of targets - specifically, discriminating between swimmers on the surface and non-swimmer targets, such as birds and floating debris. Barron Associates, Inc. (BAI) has teamed with L-3 Communications Klein Associates to propose an SBIR program that leverages the industry-leading HarborGuard waterside security intrusion detection system manufactured by Klein. The Klein HarborGuard already provides detection capability that exceeds the requirements set forth in the SBIR solicitation. The objective of this SBIR effort is to enhance the HarborGuard with sophisticated automatic target classification algorithms designed to reliably recognize surfaced swimmers with a low occurrence of false alarms even in the presence of many non-swimmer surface targets. BAI and Klein will collect extensive sensor data that BAI will use to develop and test a reliable automated swimmer recognition (ASR) algorithm. If successful, the enhanced HarborGuard will meet or exceed all of the requirements set forth in the SBIR solicitation.

METRON, INC. 11911 Freedom Drive, Suite 800 Reston, VA 20190
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 787-8700 Mr. Chris Husband NAVY 04-228 Selected for Award
Title:	Development of a Sensor System for Reliable, Automated Detection of Surfaced Swimmers
Abstract:	Metron proposes to develop Likelihood Ratio Tracking (LRT) for available Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) sensor systems to automatically detect unauthorized swimmers in the water around key instillations and ships. Metron proposes to team with a producer of COTS sensor systems (such as Klein Associates, Inc. or Thales) where we can draw on extensive experience in using LRT in various successful Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) applications. The LRT methodology has proven effective in reducing false alarms and clutter in radar detection of periscopes in heavy clutter, and we believe that this same methodology could dramatically improve the performance of current COTS systems.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5236 Dr. Chujen Lin NAVY 04-229 Selected for Award
Title:	Ultra Wideband Radio for Secure Communications in a Noisy Environment
Abstract:	The innovation of this proposal involves ultra wideband (UWB) radios for secure communications between the inner element of a gimbaled system and an external computer. We propose to install one UWB radio on the inner components of the gimbaled system and another one on the inner surface of the aluminum sphere. The second radio is connected to the external computer through a wired connection depending on the data rate. Because UWB radios are wireless, they will not be affected by debris or moisture on the slip rings of the gimbaled system. Its interference to other narrowband communication systems is negligible so it can easily satisfy electromagnetic interference (EMI) standards. This is because the transmission power of UWB signals is distributed over a huge bandwidth and the power spectrum is usually below the environmental noise level. It is also very difficult to detect UWB radio signals due to their noise-like spectral characteristics. Another characteristic of UWB radio is that it is much simpler than conventional radio, which allows us to develop a miniaturized and light-weight UWB radio. All these features make UWB radios an ideal candidate for communications in Navy gimbaled systems.

SEXTANT ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4199 Campus Drive, 550 Irvine, CA 92612
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 509-6523 Dr. Michael P. Gokhale NAVY 04-230 Selected for Award
Title:	Data Fusion for Geophysical Aided Navigation Technologies
Abstract:	Many moving platforms, including SSBNs and SSGNs, rely on inertial navigation systems for position and velocity information, either as the primary navigation system or as a backup system. Because of drifts in critical hardware components, INS systems must be periodically reset using occasional position fixes from a sensor, or sensors, external to the INS. There are numerous candidates for the reset mechanism, including GPS, celestial, terrain, bathymetric, gravimetric, and magnetic fixes. The overall objective of the proposed Phase I effort is to develop a particle filter based mechanization for fusing geophysical data (bathymetric, gravitational and magnetic) with platform INS data in order to provide a cost-effective high-accuracy navigation solution over extended, perhaps indefinite, endurance intervals. This will provide the basis to develop the Phase II demonstration system.

21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC. 12152 Windsor Hall Way Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(573) 329-8526 Dr. Robert Woodley NAVY 04-231 Awarded: 17NOV04
Title:	Ants on the AEDGE
Abstract:	When the call comes in to respond to a time critical target, there is little time for the watchstander to weigh the myriad factors that go into targeting decisions. We know where the target is now, but where will it be when the weapon system arrives to engage it? In order to plan for an effective mission, the planner and watchstander must have an effective movement prediction on known surface vehicles. This prediction should take into consideration vehicle capabilities, the vehicle's environment, and updated observations of the vehicles in question. The prediction technique should also provide the operator/watchstander with a sense of the uncertainty in the prediction based on time elapsed since last observation and possible alternate paths. 21st Century Systems, Incorporated is pleased to address this prediction challenge by utilizing a recent innovation in algorithms derived from nature. 21CSI proposes to use an ant-based algorithm for predicting the future location of a surface vehicle that incorporates vehicle capabilities, previous history, and vehicle environment in its determination. The algorithm includes support for updated vehicle observations and uncertainty regions. We call our concept Ants on the AEDGE (an ant colony paradigm algorithm using the COTS AEDGE environment).

APPLIED VISIONS, INC. 6 Bayview Avenue Northport, NY 11768
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 754-4920 Mr. Ken Doris NAVY 04-231 Awarded: 05NOV04
Title:	Applying Computer Game Technology to the Display and Visualization of Movement Predictions for Ground Vehicles
Abstract:	Applied Visions, Inc.(AVI) proposes to leverage the technology of computer games to provide a powerful new method of visualizing the potential movement of ground targets and threats for op-erators of the Tactical Tomahawk Weapon Control System (TTWCS). Recent advancements in the multi-billion dollar game industry have produced game engines that combine powerful visual rendering with sophisticated simulation of real-world physics and vehi-cle dynamics. Our research will be aimed at adapting these game engines to: a) simulate the ability of different target and threat vehicles to move through their local terrain, and b) to generate realistic 3D views of the predicted future movement. Combining AVI's extensive background in 3D visualization and military simulation with game engine experience gained in a recent SBIR for the Army, our Phase I effort will be devoted to defining the key requirements of the system, evaluating representative game engines, and implementing an early prototype to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. Our Phase II effort will refine the architecture, upgrade the prototype to interface to the TTWCS and participate in field trials.

DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC. 40 Lloyd Avenue, Suite 200 Malvern, PA 19355
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 727-7700 Dr. W. Reynolds Monach NAVY 04-231 Awarded: 05NOV04
Title:	Ground Threat/Target Location Prediction System (GTLPS)
Abstract:	Daniel H. Wagner Associates, Inc. will develop a Ground Threat/Target Location Prediction System (GTLPS). The GTLPS will dynamically generate an estimate of threat and target location based on processing all available data. The primary algorithmic techniques that will be utilized are non-Gaussian target motion and data fusion. In Phase I of this project we will show the feasibility of creating the GTLPS, and we will also describe how we will visualize the tactical situation for the cruise missile planners/operators and provide these planner/operators with recommendations concerning how to avoid potential threats and locate potential targets.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Mr. Douglas Haanpaa NAVY 04-232 Selected for Award
Title:	Using Machine Vision Techniques to Create a Multi-Resolution Obstacle Database
Abstract:	The Navy requires an architecture for acquiring and storing 3-Dimensional obstacle data. An extension of the Terrain Awareness Warning System (eTAWS), the obstacle database must store man-made objects such as buildings, bridges, towers, overpasses, and wires. The system must be able to generate obstacle database data from a number of sources including synthetic aperture radar (SAR), stereo/multiple aerial/satellite photography, and raw geodetic survey data.Cybernet proposes to focus on the collection of 3D obstacle geometry/location based on aerial photography and using advance image processing techniques. This collection process will then be used to populate an indexed database that stores obstacle data at multiple resolutions. By indexing the data, we will be able to reduce the storage requirements by storing redundant data only once. By storing the data at multiple resolutions we allow the application accessing it to balance the tradeoffs corresponding to the different levels of resolution/detail, such as resolution vs. coverage area.

INTEGRATED SENSORS, INC. 502 Court St., Suite 210 Utica, NY 13502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 798-1377 Mr. Skip Mansur NAVY 04-232 Selected for Award
Title:	Altitude, Latitude, and Longitude Reference Database of Man-Made Obstacles
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop a method for the automated extraction of man-made obstacles from air and space borne digital imagery. The goal is to achieve detection accuracy of 20 feet vertical over an observation area of 1000 km2 or more. The approach taken to meeting the objective is systematic, model based and applicable to a large number of available observation platforms, near earth as well as orbital without the need to provide specialized optics. The approach employs the use of a single lens imager coupled with positional as well as attitude information. By being systematic and model based, all error sources will be modeled allowing us to develop a methodology applicable to the performance requirements. The quality of the information is expected to be sufficiently good to support the field operational use, while being straightforward in implementation to support a range of users.

AEROSPACE MASS PROPERTIES ANALYSIS, INC. 214 North Main Street North Wales, PA 19454
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 699-0622 Mr. Samuel O. Zimmerman NAVY 04-233 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Object/Target Discrimination, Recognition, and Identification
Abstract:	AMPAC, under contract to the Navy, has developed a deterministic, software-only Decoy Detection Algorithm, based on a mathematically proven if-and-only-if theorem, which uses mathematical concepts that rely on geometric features (points and lines) to deduce planar qualities - object is 2-dimensional or not. It uses linear algebra on small matrices (~ 20 x 20) and is mathematically exact - limited only by image resolution and quality. The algorithm requires two sets of correlated straight line segment endpoint data obtained from two images of the object of interest taken from sufficiently different perspectives. It has been developed to be used with EO sensors, is based on the pin-hole camera model, and is applicable to visible bands, IR, UV, etc. No pre-mission object data is required: databases, templates, etc. No camera data - location, orientation, construction - is required. Images do not need to be orthorectified. A prototype software system (where a human operator specifies the object of interest) is being developed to accept images from a host/sensor, generate inputs for the Decoy Detection Algorithm, call that algorithm to obtain an answer, and then pass that answer to the host/operator.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF VIRTUAL ORG., INC. DBA, IAVO Research and Scientific, 1010 Gloria Ave Durham, NC 27701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 444-9426 Mr. John Merchant NAVY 04-233 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Object/Target Discrimination, Recognition, and Identification
Abstract:	Automatic target recognition independent of range and orientation is achieved by using a very different type and much reduced quantity (fewer pixels) of visual information, easily derived from the output of any standard image sensor by variance sub-sampling. The very low pixel density of the resulting variance image directly provides (1) high pose-immunity in any one target-reference match, and (2) enables multiple (variance) references to be stored of each target type to provide coverage over the full set of required poses. In spite of its low pixel density, variance sampling provides high resolution information essential for recognition. Conventional Nyquist sampling, on the other hand, requires high pixel density to provide the essential high resolution information and is thereby highly pose-sensitive and also highly processing and memory intensive. This very different (variance) and much reduced quantity of visual information is used almost exclusively by human vision to perform recognition. Its transition to ATR systems, that seek to emulate human vision, will result in a major advance in ATR capability.

RMW RESEARCH 8 Midfield Lane Willingboro, NJ 08046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 871-1229 Dr. Robert M. Williams NAVY 04-233 Awarded: 03NOV04
Title:	Object/Target Discrimination, Recognition, and Identification
Abstract:	This proposal will allow systems using an input of one EO target image with a stored feature database of target geometric features (points/lines) to identify the target from the feature pattern in the EO image. A key advantage is that this is done from the imaged target features alone without data on the camera position/orientation relative to the target. The present goal is to develop software modules to overcome two key limits on this approach : 1) noise/errors in extracted target features in an EO image and 2)distinguish decoys from targets. If successful,it will seperate real targets from decoys using a robust software system containing these modules.

CERANOVA CORP. P. O. Box 278 Hopkinton, MA 01748
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 460-0300 Dr. Mark V. Parish NAVY 04-234 Awarded: 04OCT04
Title:	Hypersonic Alumina Infrared Domes
Abstract:	CeraNova Corporation proposes to produce ogive missile domes of its transparent polycrystalline alumina (PCA) as an advanced material for this application. PCA has the same intrinsic properties as sapphire, but can be manufactured using the proposed low-cost powder processing method allowing for near-net-shape manufacturing. Like sapphire, PCA offers excellent erosion and wear resistance due to its high hardness, combined with good strength and toughness. CeraNova recently demonstrated a low-cost, powder processing route for producing transparent, fine-grained PCA disks that has the potential to meet or exceed the capabilities of sapphire in demanding infrared window and dome applications. The disks displayed low scattering and good in-line transmittance, particularly in the 3-5 �m range. CeraNova's proposed approach is to produce near-net ogive shapes using a casting method demonstrated for small PCA components. The feasibility of grinding and polishing ogive shapes will be studied by teaming with other laboratories who have expertise and unique capabilities for figuring and optical polishing of hard ceramic materials. The uniform polycrystalline microstructure, increased hardness and toughness, and potential for near-net shape processing for CeraNova PCA present significant advantages for this material in infrared window and dome applications for high speed ogive missiles.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Jay C. Rozzi NAVY 04-234 Awarded: 19OCT04
Title:	The Affordable Production of Hypersonic Missile Ogives Using Innovative Processing Techniques
Abstract:	Creare proposes to develop a super-hard, optical quality tangent ogive from polycrystalline alumina (PCA) using innovative sintering techniques and a novel laser-assisted, ultra-precision machining system. Contrary to sapphire blanks, which are costly to grow, PCA near-net shape parts are made using an affordable powder-based process; however, no affordable manufacturing techniques are currently available to produce the large-scale PCA near-net shape blanks or to shape and polish them into a tangent ogive. Proprietary sintering processes to produce large-scale PCA near-net shape blanks will be combined with a novel processing technique to enable the affordable production of an optical quality ogive. Our novel processing technique is based on a unique, laser-assisted, ultra-precision machining system that enables the production of complex shapes quickly and affordably with significantly higher material removal rates (MRRs) than state-of-the-art processing and polishing techniques. Our novel processing technique relaxes the dimensional tolerances of the sintered part and, thereby, dramatically reduces the overall cost of the production process. In addition, our unique processing technique can produce optical quality surfaces on the interior and exterior of the ogive, which is not possible with current optical polishing processes. Thus, our innovation is effective, affordable, and flexible.

QED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1040 University Ave. Rochester, NY 14607
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(585) 256-6540 Dr. Aric Shorey NAVY 04-234 Awarded: 15OCT04
Title:	Hypersonic Infrared Dome
Abstract:	In order to enhance missile performance, future missile designs will incorporate domes with a more aerodynamic shape than the traditional hemisphere. Significant additional benefits in areas of performance and cost reduction would be realized if a new material with more robust properties and the ability to be formed to near net shape replaced more common materials, such as sapphire. One promising replacement is polycrystalline alumina (PCA) with sub-micron grain size. It can be made to have improved toughness and nearly the same optical transmission in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) band as sapphire. There is no established fabrication process suitable for this material or the aerodynamic shapes of interest; conventional finishing processes used to manufacture flat and spherical optics are not appropriate for such complex shapes. A process that utilizes deterministic micro-grinding, Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) and newly developed MR Jet provides significant and unique advantages for finishing both the convex and concave surfaces of such conformal shapes. Work in Phase I will demonstrate: 1) a full manufacturing process on PCA flats from material blank through final polishing that meets transmission specifications and 2) the ability to fabricate precision domes with the proposed process. Successful completion of Phase I activities will enable the manufacture of PCA ogives during Phase II.

ALPHATECH, INC. 6 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-3388 Mr. Steven M. Scarborough NAVY 04-235 Awarded: 29OCT04
Title:	Handheld Real-Aperture Radar and EO Fusion for LO Vehicle RCS Verification in Uncontrolled Environments
Abstract:	Portable RCS verification systems that can be forward-deployed with low-observable (LO) aircraft, offer the potential to dramatically improve aircraft survivability and mission effectiveness. Modern LO aircraft with short- or vertical takeoff capabilities are designed to operate effectively without the need for runways and other facilities. Such an operational environment presents unique challenges to RCS verification equipment. ALPHATECH, and its subcontractor, ATK-Mission Research Corporation (MRC), understand these issues and propose a systematic design study that leverages our combined experience. ALPHATECH and MRC propose: .Real aperture: We will investigate replacing SAR operation and processing with a real aperture approach. This approach may solve the challenges of data collection, motion compensation, image processing, and association of measurements with specifications. .Miniature RF components: We plan to use RF components developed by the cell phone and wireless communications industry in our radar design. These components are small, cheap, efficient, and provide the building block to generate low-probability-of-intercept (LPI) waveforms. .Radar/EO fusion: We will use a boresighted video camera to aid association of RCS imagery with an aircraft wireframe, RCS specifications, and previous RCS images.

SENSOR CONCEPTS, INC. 2405 Research Drive Livermore, CA 94550
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(760) 371-4888 Mr. Scott E. Gordon NAVY 04-235 Selected for Award
Title:	Portable Handheld Imaging Radar System Technology
Abstract:	Handheld radar RCS imaging could be a boon to maintainers of LO aircraft, enabling flight-line validation of maintenance actions and pre-flight mission readiness assessment. To date no system has been able to fulfill this promise. We believe that Synthetic Aperture Radar offers the best technology to solve the problems of high sensitivity, wide aperture, dense along-track element spacing, and wide frequency operation in a very small, lightweight package. In 2000-2001 we prototyped a handheld SAR radar and concluded that an accurate position measurement system was the missing piece needed to create a fieldable capability. This system should operate an aircraft reference coordinates. It should guide the user in forming an aperture so that baseline geometries can be reproduced. The position data should be used to assist image formation. In Phase 1, we propose to demonstrate the feasibility of an integrated system composed of position measurement,motion compensation, and image registration that will produce high quality imagery.

FIRST RF CORP. 4865 Sterling Drive, Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 449-5211 Mr. Farzin Lalezari NAVY 04-236 Selected for Award
Title:	Enhanced Data Link Performance in Multipath and Interference Environments
Abstract:	The proposed solution utilizes multiple antenna installations employed in strategically chosen locations on the aircraft carrier to maximize the system's capability to reject multi-path and interference. Each antenna installation employs unique techniques to mitigate the multi-path and interference problems individually or part of a larger system. The key to the system is to combine multiple antenna platforms with unique characteristics into a diverse system. A diverse antenna system which exploits spatial diversity between apertures, frequency diversity, and amplitude diversity within an aperture will provide significant advantages over traditional systems. The three antenna platforms are presented as the optimal approach to attain coverage in the critical regions and mitigate the effects of multi-path and interference. The three antennas can each function as stand alone systems or be combined to form a system providing higher spatial specificity if required. FIRST RF personnel have both past and present history in the understanding, exploitation, and mitigation of multi-path to apply to this problem. FIRST RF has developed innovative beamforming techniques including non-traditional beam/null forming algorithms to maximize rejection of an interference signal. Finally, FIRST RF has validated our models using scaled measurements on the carrier for multi-path predictions and pattern performance.

HYPRES., INC. 175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 592-1190 Dr. Oleg A. Mukhanov NAVY 04-236 Selected for Award
Title:	Digital-RF Multipath Processing Receiver
Abstract:	HYPRES is pleased to propose the development of an all-digital multipath processing receiver for JPALS UHF data link. We propose to take advantage of a unique combination of smart antenna architecture and Digital-RF technique. The realization of this approach will be made possible by using ultra-high performance superconductive electronic technology. The proposed receiver is based on a dual antenna configuration directly followed by high-dynamic range 40 GS/s analog-to-digital modulators which can tolerate high interference levels without saturation. The digitized RF UHF signals are processed in correlation-based rake receiver and their multipaths are combined using high-performance multiplier to eliminate multipath fading. This program will capitalize on prior and continuing DoD programs at HYPRES developing digital-RF receiver systems using superconducting components.

NAVMAR APPLIED SCIENCES CORP. 65 West Street Road, Suite B-104 Warminster, PA 18974
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 675-4900 Mr. John Daukas NAVY 04-236 Selected for Award
Title:	Enhanced Data Link Performance in Multipath and Interference Environments
Abstract:	Multipath is the problem of reflected signals canceling the primary signal in radio communications. This SBIR proposal will review techniques associated with apriori phase variation, cylindrical volume coverage with a circular polarized antenna, and trade off active and passive antenna mounts to stabilize the antenna patterns above the reflecting surface. The elements of this system, incorporated independently or as a system, will allow an improvement in the bit error rate of the signal during conditions of multipath. This will result in a more robust overall system integrity.

NAVMAR APPLIED SCIENCES CORP. 65 West Street Road, Suite B-104 Warminster, PA 18974
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 675-4900 Mr. Edward Garabed NAVY 04-237 Awarded: 10NOV04
Title:	Mobile Shallow Water Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) Target System
Abstract:	This SBIR proposes the design of a Mobile Shallow Water ASW Target (MSWASWT) to transpond realistic echoes to be utilized for test, development and training for IEER and related low frequency active sonobuoy systems. The Navmar Applied Sciences Corp. concept is to utilize an existing EMATT Un-manned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) (MK-39 Mod.2) (see Figures 1 and 2) developed by Sippican, Inc. and modify its acoustic system to transpond realistic IEER echoes. This approach should provide the required capabilities with a minimum of new development cost.

NEKTON RESEARCH LLC 4625 Industry Lane Durham, NC 27713
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 405-3993 Dr. Frederick Vosburgh NAVY 04-237 Awarded: 09NOV04
Title:	Expendable Air-Drop Littoral ASW Training Target
Abstract:	We propose a systems analysis of a low cost expendable target that can be deployed from aircraft or surfaceship during a training exercise to emit a wide range of acoustic signals while maneuvering at a wide range of speeds in a complex pattern representative of an evading diesel electric submarine. The device will have a full range of detection, emission, echo-repeat, logging, and communicating functions, as well as the full capability to inter-operate with sonar. The proposed effort will analyze the component subsystems to determine their requirements and capabilities, as well as analyzing available alternatives for meeting system requirement, including evaluating technology currently being developed in other Navy programs to leverage those effort to provide a more effective device, development of which can also entail less risk, time and money. The result of Phase I effort will enable Phase II fabrication and testing of a prototype device.

HYPRES., INC. 175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 592-1190 Dr. Alan M. Kadin NAVY 04-238 Selected for Award
Title:	High-Dynamic-Range Digital-RF Receiver with Rapidly Tunable Notch Filters for Cosite Interference Reduction
Abstract:	HYPRES proposes a two-pronged approach to reducing co-site interference: (1) Tunable notch filters to track one or more narrow-band jamming signals. (2) The use of a sensitive digital-RF receiver with high spur-free dynamic range (SFDR), which can tolerate high inteference levels without saturation. Together, these techniques can reduce the inteference to an acceptable level. We further propose to evaulate the feasibility of implementing both of these using superconducting components. These include: (1) Thin-film RF analog notch filters based on high-temperature superconductors (HTS), rapidly tunable by either micromechanical, optical, or thermal means. (2) A digital receiver built using ultrafast low-temperature superconducting (LTS) digital integrated circuits, with SFDR greater than 100 dB. Several possible receiver architectures will be investigated, including active cancelation and subranging. Both HTS and LTS components can be integrated together using a compact, multi-stage cryocooler, so that the entire system can operate without the need for liquid cryogens. This builds on prior and continuing DoD programs at HYPRES developing digital-RF receiver systems using superconducting components.

SOFTRONICS LIMITED 6920 Bowman Lane NE Cedar Rapids, IA 52402
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(319) 431-0314 Mr. Robert Sternowski NAVY 04-238 Selected for Award
Title:	Cosite Interference Reduction for Electronic Attack Aircraft
Abstract:	Reducing cosite interference on an aircraft requires a top-down system engineering approach. This begins with collecting performance data on all equipment involved, computer modeling the interference for each equipment pairing to identify specific interference sources and levels, defining the amount of mitigation necessary for each pairing, and designing a subsystem that provides the needed mitigation. Softronics Ltd. will apply its years of cosite engineering experience and its proprietary cosite interference computer model to quickly determine the mitigation needs of the EA-18G. Solutions are expected to varying with the equipment pairing, and to involve a combination of operational rules and technology, from frequency management to fixed and agile filters and notches, to adaptive cancellation systems. A key feature of our approach is that it may be incrementally implemented on any aircraft or vehicle.

TOYON RESEARCH CORP. Suite A, 75 Aero Camino Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 685-1746 Mr. Andrew S. Richen NAVY 04-238 Selected for Award
Title:	Cosite Interference Reduction for Electronic Attack Aircraft
Abstract:	Modern military aircraft carry many microwave and RF systems which must operate in close proximity to one another. Radio frequency interference (RFI) is virtually inevitable. The EA-6B Prowler electronic warfare (EW) aircraft presents a particularly severe interoperability problem because its primary mission is to jam enemy radars. Specifically, the performance of life-critical identification, friend or foe (IFF) systems is degraded by spurious signals and harmonics from on-board jamming systems. Toyon Research Corporation proposes to design a shaped-pattern antenna or antennas to combat radio frequency interference to IFF and Link 16 systems on the EA-6B. We will use our novel anti-jam fixed reception pattern antenna (AJ-FRPA) design techniques to develop an antenna whose pattern is shaped to maximize isolation between the victim antenna and the jamming antenna. This antenna will be compact, passive, and a drop-in replacement for existing antennas on the aircraft.

CFD RESEARCH CORP. 215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 726-4800 Mr. Alton J. Reich NAVY 04-239 Awarded: 17NOV04
Title:	Ram Air Turbine Driven Power and Cooling Unit for Enhanced EA-18 Pod Effectiveness
Abstract:	A new airborne electronic warfare pod is being developed for the EA-18 aircraft that will be entering service to replace the aging EA-6B. This new pod demands significantly higher power capacity than the current ALQ-99 pod while simultaneously operating over a much wider speed and altitude range. An innovative ram air turbine, customized to produce power and provide cooling that will be located entirely within EA-18 pod, is proposed. CFD Research Corporation has teamed with Curtiss-Wright Flow Control - ElectroMechanical Division (CWFC-EMD) to minimize technical and commercialization risk during development of this new ram air turbine unit. CFDRC will lead the design and development of the turbine, inlet, and cooling systems. EMD will be task with adaptation of their existing generator to meet new Navy requirements. Phase I will focus on preliminary and detail design and analysis to assure all solicitation and EA-18 operational requirements are exceeded. Phase II will focus on fabrication, test, evaluation, and prototype delivery to the Navy. Our strategic alliance with CWFC-EMD, a supplier of power and cooling units to the Navy for over 50 years, will facilitate rapid Phase III commercialization.

MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP. 200 Yellow Place, Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 631-3550 Mr. Brian Tews NAVY 04-239 Awarded: 10NOV04
Title:	Development of a Compact Power Generation Turbine and Cooling System
Abstract:	Military aircraft currently utilize an externally bladed ram air turbine to provide electrical power for military stores (pods). This current system has several disadvantages, first, an externally blade turbine located at the cone of the pod increases the aerodynamic drag of the aircraft. Second, with the turbine located at the leading edge of the pod, the forward end of the advanced technology tactical jamming pod can not be utilized for jamming equipment. Mainstream Engineering has developed an innovative method to locate a turbine internally in the military stores. This system is capable of generating the required power for equipment such as the advanced technology tactical jamming pod for the EA-18G advanced airborne electronic attack aircraft. In addition to electrical generation ability, a novel approach for providing active cooling for electronic equipment aboard the pod has been developed. The proposed system has significant advantages over ram air turbines currently used by DoD.

DEMETON TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 48 Nancy Street West Babylon, NY 11704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 491-1592 Mr. Michael Rho NAVY 04-240 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Nonskid Coating System for Mobile Airfield Landing Mats
Abstract:	Marine Corps AM2 mats are formed from Aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and are currently coated with an epoxy-based nonskid coating. Due to the wear and breakdown by the environments such as high temperature aircraft engine exhaust and aircraft landing impacts, this coating requires frequent replacement. The thermal spray technology is environmentally friendly process and Demeton successfully replaced the environmentally unfriendly Hard Chrome Plating in previous SBIR project. Demeton�_s patented technologies, Demeton Detonation Spray Process(DDSP) and Twin-Chamber HVOF, can provide the premium nonskid coating properties including high bonding strength, high wear and corrosion resistance, and high heat resistance. DDSP keeps the substrate temperature very low with the unique characteristics of the detonation wave and can provide the very dense coating with highest bonding strength onto the aluminum surface of AM2 mats. TC-HVOF can provide the nonskid coating with high productivity. Demeton combines both technologies to provide the nonskid coatings, which meet the every requirement by Marine Corps AM2 mats, with the high productivity for the lowest cost.

TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC. 9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 263-2101 Dr. George Hansen NAVY 04-240 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Nonskid Coating System for Mobile Airfield Landing Mats
Abstract:	The Marine Corps AM2 mat is a key component to the Marine Corps Expeditionary Airfield concept. These mats are robust and able to withstand tailhook impact and the landing loads imposed by aircraft even when installed over marginal soil conditions. The current coating needs frequent replacement due to wear or breakdown from the environment. Very importantly, the coating is required to withstand continued VTOL jet blast, which can sustain temperatures near 800 �F and occasionally spike to 1000 �F (for 0.2 second). This proposal summarizes work to be performed in the adaptation, testing and evaluation of TRI's Tough Grip� nonskid coating to Marine landing strip use. This new non-skid coating, developed for aircraft carrier flight decks contains no added volatile organic compounds or other materials restricted by military environmental requirements, it is highly flame and impact resistant and has survived over 13,000 landings in battlefield conditions. A selected sample of modifications to this product will increase its tolerance to the conditions of VTOL engine exhaust.

COMMONWEALTH COMPUTER RESEARCH, INC. 1422 Sachem Pl., Unit #1 Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 977-0600 Mr. David Sappington NAVY 04-241 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Detecting Target Maneuvers with the Radar Range Rate Measurement
Abstract:	Currently, tracking systems cannot accurately determine when to switch algorithm classes of motion models: one for maneuvering targets and one for non-maneuvering (constant velocity and acceleration) targets, which results in tracking errors. These errors from the estimate target position relative to the targets absolute position can be very large when an incorrect motion model is applied. However, this error can be reduced by exploiting the radar range rate information to identify when a target begins a maneuver to improve target tracking. If this characterization can be successfully applied, then a tracking system can determine when to switch the applied algorithms from a non-maneuvering set to the maneuvering set to increase its accuracy and to provide a more realistic image to the radar operator. To determine the feasibility and potential benefits of using the radar range rate measurement, a prototype E-2C radar simulation will be developed. The successful development of this simulator will enable the design and build of a validated prototype maneuver detection algorithms and software.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5238 Dr. Chiman Kwan NAVY 04-241 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	A Novel Target Maneuver Detection Technique with Range Rate Measurement
Abstract:	We propose a novel target maneuver detection technique using radar measurement including range rate for tracking and surveillance systems to reliably indicate the presence and magnitude of target maneuvers. There are several innovative elements in our approach: 1) a reliable test statistic indicating target maneuver and guaranteed quickest detection; 2) incorporating maneuver detection algorithm into tracker design to improve tracking accuracy during target maneuver; 3) quantitative measure of the benefit in using range rate measurement for maneuver detection and target tracking for E-2C s operational scenarios; 4) a multi-sensor fusion technique to enhance the reliability of maneuver detection. A generalized Page s test, using a target acceleration statistic obtained from range, bearing and range rate measurement, and utilizing a bank of cumulative sum tests, will be used to detect target maneuver and magnitude. The test provides the shortest detection delay under given false alarm constraint and does not require the exact target maneuver model. A measurement conversion technique will treat the range rate as a linear measurement in Cartesian coordinates so that standard Kalman filter can be used in the tracker design. The approach is computationally efficient and avoids using the extended Kalman filter to incorporate the range rate measurement.

FIRST RF CORP. 4865 Sterling Drive, Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 449-5211 Mr. Farzin Lalezari NAVY 04-242 Awarded: 16AUG04
Title:	Rugged, Low-Cost, Nondielectric Missile Radome
Abstract:	Missiles will soon have the capability of traveling at higher speeds and over longer ranges than previously possible, resulting in uniquely demanding radome requirements. As seeker technology has been evolving to higher frequencies from X-band through W-band, traditional dielectric radome designs have struggled to meet the evolving requirements in electrical performance and environmental survivability while remaining affordable and easy to manufacture. Though electrically suitable, sandwiched radomes require costly processes with manufacturing tolerances becoming progressively more demanding with increases in frequencies used by RF systems. Alternate radome designs are desired that can be manufactured and characterized using simple materials and processes. A novel radome is proposed that uses a combination of conductors and dielectrics. The use of metal radomes with slots and holes are of particular interest as simple machining and filling of holes in a metallic aerodynamic dome will provide a very simple, producible, low loss, rugged design. The design is based on thick wall FSS technology that has been applied to radomes in the past. Modern numerical analysis allows efficient optimization of the design.

HALEAKALA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC. 7 Martin Road Brookfield, MA 01506
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 867-3918 Dr. Theodore R. Anderson NAVY 04-242 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Metal and Plasma FSS Radomes with Synthetic Foam
Abstract:	Haleakala R&D Inc. will advance state of the art in antenna radomes. We propose to use our plasma frequency selective surface radomes with plasma tubes embedded in an ultra-light and ultra strong synthetic foam material.We will compare this to metal FSS radomes with slots filled with synthetic foam and hybrid plasma-metal frequency selective surface radomes. We will research plasma FSS with plasma tubes embedded in synthetic foam, and metal slot FSS filled with Synfoam, and hybrid models to meet the Navy goals for superior radomes. We are purchasing this material for our technologies and we have examined samples. Our phase one effort will include characterizing plasma frequency selective surfaces, plasma cylindrical annular rings made of Synfoam, compare plasma FSS embedded in synthetic foam with metal FSS with Synfoam embedded in the slots, and hybrid metal plasma FSS with synthetic foamsupport structures. We will test these designs from 0 up to 40 or 100 GHz (Ka or W-band), and thermal modeling. We will investigate machined and cast radomes, plasma FSS radomes with tubes embedded in synthetic foam, metal slot radomes with slots filled with Synfoam, , and hybrid models with the apertures filled with synthetic foam.

LINDSEY ASSOC. 150 E Pleasant Hill Rd Carbondale, IL 62903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(618) 453-3141 Dr. Donald L. Purinton NAVY 04-242 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Rugged, Low-Cost, Nondielectric Missile Radome
Abstract:	The objective is to develop the design and manufacturing procedures for a rugged low cost non-dielectric missile radome that can be manufactured using simple material and process techniques. The focus will be on an electrically thick metal radome with array of holes or slots that are filled with dielectric plugs. Coverings will be designed for impedance matching and thermal considerations. The design will be developed with the use of highly sophisticated electromagnetic prediction codes available to Lindsey Associates. The material selection will be based on thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. Sample flat plates will be fabricated and tested for operation at X-, Ka- or W-band. We will also investigate a wideband and a dual band design. Electrical, thermal and mechanical tests will be performed on the samples and a selection will be made for the best materials and methods to fabricate full sized radomes in Phase II.

SENSORMETRIX 5965 Pacific Center Blvd., Suite 701 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 625-4458 Dr. Anthony Starr NAVY 04-242 Awarded: 04NOV04
Title:	Rugged, Low-Cost, Nondielectric Missile Radome
Abstract:	A new class of radome structures utilizing novel EM materials is proposed. Based on recently developed artificially structured metamaterials which exhibit novel effective medium properties, structures which perform electromagnetic gain/phase error correction are proposed to be incorporated into the radome structure to eliminate or reduce sources of abberations or other problems.

AERONIX, INC. 1775 W. Hibiscus Blvd., Suite 200 Melbourne, FL 32901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 984-1671 Mr. Geoff Miller NAVY 04-243 Awarded: 12NOV04
Title:	A Multi-Level Secure High-Speed Shared Memory Interconnect
Abstract:	The military and intelligence communities seek computing systems that can safely share information with different degrees of confidentiality. Systems achieving that goal are said to operate in multi-level mode, which indicates that the system contains information at several different levels of confidentiality but cannot share information with unauthorized users. Communities requiring multi-level systems also demand a high level of confidence that they operate correctly, since leaked intelligence data could potentially destroy the effectiveness of extremely expensive intelligence gathering systems. A system or device achieves the objective of being "multilevel secure" if it can handle information at a variety of sensitivity levels without disclosing information to an unauthorized person. Implementations of fabric based solutions include processing elements that also contain direct memory access (DMA) nodes. These are programmable, such that data movements between processing elements of data residing within memory systems local to each processing are handled by the nodes and switched fabric crossbars. Aeronix is proposing to develop a high assurance, Multi-level secure, high speed, shared memory interconnect system capable of accreditation by NSA and/or other agencies. The main component of the system is a modified interconnect system architecture such as Rapid -IO, modifications will address multi-level security, use of shared-memory, and high assurance.

RYDAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC. 1523 Noble Road Rydal, PA 19046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 886-5678 Dr. Warren A. Rosen NAVY 04-243 Awarded: 17NOV04
Title:	A Hardware Implementation of Multi-Level Security in Real Time Shared-Memory Avionic Systems
Abstract:	Rydal Research proposes to develop a high speed low-latency hardware-based implementation of multi-level security in a high-performance COTS protocol. The proposed method involves adding a sensitivity field to the Transport Layer header. Support for packet filtering will be added within the existing protocol specification. An additional error code will be developed to indicate errors and security violations in the filtering hardware. One or more real-time operating systems will be selected and the sensitivity level conveyed to the network interface via the operating system kernels. Fine-grain modeling and simulation will be used to determine the impact of the protocol modifications on system performance. An analysis will also be performed to determine the susceptibility and response of the protocol to intentional and unintentional security violations. All components needed to implement a complete system will be developed and demonstrated in Phase I in an FPGA-based prototype using Rydal's reconfigurable computing platform and low-latency network switch. Flexible, robust, and easy-to-use software support will also be provided for system bring-up, maintenance, and troubleshooting. RapidIO will be used for the initial implementation but the techniques developed will be sufficiently flexible that they can be used with any other high-performance protocol.

PENTUM GROUP, INC. PMB 115, 1111 W. El Camino Blvd. Sunnyvale, CA 94087
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 868-3555 Dr. Hendrik Spaanenburg NAVY 04-244 Selected for Award
Title:	SystemC Environment for FPGA Design, Verification and Transparent Technology Update/Upgrade
Abstract:	Heterogeneous processing systems currently contain a continuum of processing alternatives from general purpose processors, to digital signal processors, to FPGAs and ASICs. Especially the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) domain has recently produced its own range of architectural alternatives along that processing continuum spectrum. Given this richness of alternatives, optimization has been non-trivial for initial design, as well as for updates/upgrades. Pentum Group, Inc. (PGI) proposes to develop an FPGA programming environment based on SystemVSIPL, an open source signal and image processing library architecture developed by PGI. SystemVSIPL is based on SystemC, which is currently the most widely used language for whole hardware system design and simulation. SystemVSIPL extends the benefits of the open source VSIPL and VSIPL++ signal and image processing standards providing an open component-like library that can run on all current and future FPGA systems with excellent performance.

SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP. 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-9008 Dr. Gregg Gunsch NAVY 04-244 Awarded: 22NOV04
Title:	Component-Oriented Operating Logic for FPGAs (COOL FPGA)
Abstract:	The Navy Joint Strike Fighter program has a need for a design methodology to develop logic designs for large, complex FPGA-based systems. This methodology should allow FPGA logic created for one version of the on-board avionics hardware to be easily transitioned to more advanced versions. The goal is to avoid major revisions and extensive regression testing of the FPGA application logic. To address these needs, Systran Federal Corp. proposes a system called the Component-Oriented Operating Logic for FPGAs (COOL-FPGA). COOL-FPGA will act as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the application logic. The objective is to isolate FPGA application logic from hardware-specific details of the platform on which the logic is running. When the FPGA logic is ported to new hardware, only the Operating Logic will require extensive modifications; the application logic will require minimal updating. "Component-Oriented" indicates that FPGA applications built using this Operating Logic are meant to be created as discrete modules that are highly isolated from each other. The project will also include two software tools: the Application Builder, that enables COOL-FPGA application development, and the System Analyzer, that supports high-level simulation and analysis of multiple FPGA applications running on a single platform.

WW TECHNOLOGY GROUP 4519 Mustering Drum Ellicott City, MD 21042
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 418-4353 Dr. Chris J Walter NAVY 04-244 Awarded: 22NOV04
Title:	Abstraction Layer for Advanced Reconfigurable Computing
Abstract:	We propose to develop a methodology and set of related products that allow FPGA applications to be hardware independent (allowing easy migration to new FPGAs), facilitate easy upgrade to add new firmware functionality, and reduce regression testing after system upgrades. Our approach is based on a framework populated by a suite of solutions that support the "end-to-end" development of embedded systems that contain Reconfigurable Computing (RC) components. The innovations that this framework will offer include a formalized structured approach for the design and implementation of RC-Enabled systems (eliminating manual, ad-hoc development methods), support for Runtime Reconfiguration (RTR) activities (the dynamic modification of the functional configuration of the RC hardware), a unique approach for providing software control over the RC component configuration, a powerful solution for supporting communication between software executing on a general purpose processor and the RC functionality, and the transition of software fault-tolerance techniques to the RC component domain.

CG2, INC. 1525 Perimeter Parkway, Suite 325 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(386) 760-7377 Ms. Sandra Vaquerizo NAVY 04-245 Selected for Award
Title:	Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Surface Feature Extraction Tool
Abstract:	The proposed effort will demonstrate a new approach to fully automated extraction of texture mapped 3D polygonal descriptions of manmade objects from multiple viewpoint LIDAR data and co-registered visible imagery. We will apply robust algorithms that have shown excellent results in use with LIDAR imagery for automated targeting applications. Expert system techniques based on typical building layout will be used to better separate building features from natural clutter. Once extracted, building descriptions will be constrained to fit common-sense properties of human building design, allowing the polygonal descriptions to be significantly simplified while retaining high standards of accuracy. Once fully proven in this domain, our algorithmic techniques will be extended to show the feasibility of future goals. Our Phase I and Option effort will demonstrate that databases produced can be run in real-time without exceeding commercially available graphics and processing hardware limitations, and will lay the groundwork for a Phase II demonstration of an algorithm suite supporting the automated extraction of intermixed natural (i.e., terrain, tree) objects and manmade (building, road, etc) objects using airborne or spaceborne LIDAR data and co-registered visible imagery.

HYPERSPECTIVES, REMOTE ENVIRON MEASUREMENT SERV 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite C Bozeman, MT 59718
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(406) 556-9880 Dr. Robert Crabtree NAVY 04-245 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Surface Feature Extraction for Visualization using LIDAR Intensity and Co-registered Optical Data
Abstract:	Pre-mission rehearsal using 3D, simulated fly throughs derived from remotely sensed data can signicantly enhance warfighter safety and efficiency. Because of its great potential for extracting the location, orientation, identification, and elevation profile of surface features, LIDAR (light ranging and detection) data provide an excellent information base for creating these simulated visualizations. The proposed work will demonstrate the feasibility of using both LIDAR signal return timing and, uniquely, signal intensity to extract surface features. The work will be based on the ELF (Extracting LIDAR Features) algorithms, currently under development by HyPerspectives scientists. The ELF algorithms employ intensity data for scene classification into vegetated and non-vegetated regions, then employ a unique search procedure for feature identification and characterization. The work also will show feasibilty of co-registering high resolution optical spectra to the LIDAR scenes. When used in conjunction with LIDAR, high resolution optical sensors (e.g., hyperspectral) can provide valuable and highly complementary data for surface feature identification and characterization. Phase I proof of concept efforts will employ single return LIDAR, seek to extract three terrain features (buildings, vegetated patches, non-vegetated ground), and require user input for selecting the original input grid search size. In the Phase I Option, we will automate the ELF algorithm search procedures and, like Phase I, benchmark performance for incorporating the extracted data into a visual database. Manual co-registration of optical data will be shown for a single scene in Phase I, then automated in Phase II.

VISUAL LEARNING SYSTEMS, INC. P.O. Box 8226 Missoula, MT 59807
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(406) 829-1384 Mr. Stuart Blundell NAVY 04-245 Selected for Award
Title:	Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Surface Feature Extraction Tool
Abstract:	The United States Navy vision for Modeling and Simulation (M&S) includes making better analytical decisions, improving warfighting skills, and developing superior systems for maintaining the world's most powerful maritime forces for the joint force commanders. Over the past five years the potential for Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data for the support Urban Warfare and various M&S initiatives has grown rapidly. LIDAR sensors capture the three-dimensional shape of the urban landscape at very high resolutions and accuracy. This resolution represents the character, or 3-D geometry, of the urban terrain, enabling precise line-of-sight, route analysis, cover and concealment, vulnerability assessment, and situational awareness to be performed. The data also provides the ability to extract objects from the scene such as individual buildings, trees, power lines, roads, and water. The Advanced LIDAR Exploitation System (ALES) program being conducted by the Joint Precision Strike Demonstration Project Office (JPSD-PO) will provide the M&S community with advanced database generation applications for the exploitation of LIDAR data. Visual Learning Systems, Inc. (VLS) was awarded the ALES contract by the JSPD-PO which will provide a significant advantage for implementing the Navy's Modeling and Simulation Master Plan.

DIAMOND VISIONICS LLC 400 Plaza Drive, Suite-A, PO Box 1276 Vestal, NY 13851
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 729-8526 Mr. Lynn Harrison NAVY 04-246 Selected for Award
Title:	Management of Imagery Data in Simulation Training Systems Via Content Based Retrieval and Indexing
Abstract:	Diamond Visionics will develop new and automated processes for the creation of training simulator databases with scaleable fidelity and worldwide coverage. Diamond Visionics will provide tools that can automatically index large amounts of geo-specific imagery from various sources and provide a mechanism for incorporating this data into synthetic environments without manual intervention. We will provide innovative solutions based on our extensive background in spatial indexing and the run-time construction of synthetic environments using PC technology. In Phase I, Diamond Visionics will develop a proof-of-concept PC-based IG capable of automatically incorporating imagery at run-time. This system will greatly reduce the amount of effort required to improve the fidelity of visual databases. The Phase I Option effort will focus on implementing an integrated system prototype based on the algorithm that shows the best performance characteristics in the Phase I evaluation. Given tools that allow for the automatic and rapid incorporation of newly available imagery data into synthetic environments, the simulation community would be able to increase the effectiveness of simulator training. These tools would provide critical functions for both mission rehearsal and after-action review.

PLANNING SYSTEMS, INC. 12030 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 400, Reston Plaz Reston, VA 20191
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 861-2612 Dr. Peter D. Neumann NAVY 04-247 Selected for Award
Title:	Geoacoustic parameter estimation from bistatic and multistatic Fleet Air ASW acoustic reverberation data using Navy standard models, algorithms and databases
Abstract:	The ability to estimate the geoacoustic properties of the ocean bottom from measured acoustic data has progressed rapidly with advances in non-linear inversion algorithms and with improvements in computing hardware. The current approaches based upon the inversion of measured transmission loss data are not readily compatible with existing Fleet Air ASW concept of operations. Reverberation data, both monostatic and bistatic, are much more available as part of a normal Fleet Air ASW mission. This proposal will extend the proven capability of the GAIT GS (Geoacoustic Inversion Toolkit - Global Search) software to handle the inversion of monostatic and bistatic reverberation data for local estimates of the ocean bottom's geoacoustic properties (LFBL and bottom scatter parameters) using current and proposed Navy standard models and algorithms. Initially ASPM, the core model of the ASPECT TDA, will be used for the reverberation inversion. It will be paired with GABIM (Geophysical Acoustic Bottom Interaction Model), developed by APL/UW who is teaming with PSI on the proposed tasks, as a replacement for the Lambert's Law bottom scatter kernel. The goal of the proposed tasks is to rapidly develop a fully automated inversion capability for both monostatic and bistatic reverberation data using proven models and algorithms.

RDA, INC. P.O. Box 49 Doylestown, PA 18901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 349-8083 Mr. Jon E. Dionne NAVY 04-247 Selected for Award
Title:	Littoral Environment Parameter Estimation from Bistatic and Multistatic Fleet Air Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) Acoustic Reverberation Data
Abstract:	Currently, collections of sonobuoy sources and receivers (sonobuoy fields) are being used to search for enemy submarines. These systems can potentially cover large search areas in relatively short times. However, like all sonar systems, their performance is very difficult to predict. This difficulty is not as much due to problems in understanding the physics of sound propagation, as it is to inadequate knowledge of important environmental parameters. Using a combination of existing tactical sonobuoys and emerging environmental sonobuoys, like the TAM buoy, sonar-important properties of the ocean could be estimated during a real mission. These measurements could then be used to get accurate indications of actual system performance and to potentially modify operating parameters of the sonar system to improve mission success. This proposal addresses what measurements to make, how to make them, and how to use them to improve system performance.

ALPHA STAR 5199 E. PACIFIC COAST HWY, SUITE # 410 LONG BEACH, CA 90804
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(562) 985-1100 Dr. Frank Abdi NAVY 04-248 Awarded: 03NOV04
Title:	Low Cost Three-Dimensional Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)
Abstract:	The objective of this study is to define and demonstrate low-cost 3-D ceramic matrix composite (CMC) architectures and associated manufacturing processes for application to advanced military aircraft (such as the JSF) gas turbine engine components. Three-dimensional architectures offer the potential for increased durability by enhancing interlaminar and through-thickness mechanical properties. However, ineffective and inefficient processing issues need to be resolved. Overall the effort needs to properly consider and balance the effects of the three-dimensional architecture and its associated manufacturing processes, in terms of fiber integrity and adequate densification, to achieve affordability and durability benefits. In the initial phase, the feasibility of the low-cost three-dimensional architecture and manufacturing processes will be demonstrated via fabrication and testing of coupon specimens of selected candidate 3-D CMC's. Alpha STAR's commercially available GENOA software, a verified analytic/design tool, will be utilized to: accurately predict the 3-D CMC service lifetimes; predict their inspection, repair, and maintenance intervals, and optimize the 3-D architecture/manufacturing processes for durability, damage tolerance and low cost manufacturability, thus producing a better, low-cost 3-D CMC product. Successful demonstration/verification of a life prediction analytical methodology for low cost three-dimensional ceramic composites would reduce future certification costs of any advanced engine CMC structures.

HYPER-THERM HIGH-TEMPERATURE COMPOSITES, INC. 18411 Gothard Street, Unit B Huntington Beach, CA 92648
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 375-4085 Mr. Wayne S. Steffier NAVY 04-248 Awarded: 03NOV04
Title:	Affordable Low Dielectric Ceramic Composites with Improved Interlaminar Strength
Abstract:	Hot structures fabricated from ceramic composite materials are an attractive design option for certain components of future aerospace vehicles and propulsion systems to reduce weight and increase survivability. Certain fabric-laminated ceramic composite components suffer from low interlaminar strength properties and are thus vulnerable to delamination when subjected to high thru-thickness thermal gradients and/or normal loads. This problem is of particular concern for pre-ceramic polymer-derived ceramic composite laminates that typically exhibit very low matrix dominated properties as compared to that produced by the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method. The objective of this proposed effort is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing an affordable fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composite material having low dielectric constant and significantly improved interlaminar properties. Low-cost 3D preforms using several commercially available low dielectric ceramic fiber types will be coated with a high-stability silicon-doped boron nitride (Si-BN) interphase and densified with high-strength/high-purity silicon nitride (Si3N4) produced by Hyper-Therm HTC's exclusive CVI process. Coupon specimens from the various composite systems produced will be evaluated to determine their respective in-plane and interlaminar mechanical properties, and electrical properties as a function of frequency. These results will be compared to a "baseline" fabric-laminated Si3N4 composite system to establish the overall viability of the proposed approach.

MATECH ADVANCED MATERIALS 31304 Via Colinas, Suite 102 Westlake Village, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 991-8500 Mr. Kenneth M. Kratsch NAVY 04-248 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Low Cost High Performance 3-D CMCs for Jet Engine Components
Abstract:	In this Navy Phase I SBIR program, MATECH/GSM proposes to model and fabricate low-cost, high performance three-dimensionally woven fiber reinforced CMCs for jet engine applications. We will attempt to design a weave that mimics 8HSW within the in-plane and also contains warp stuffer yarns, thereby producing a Layer-to-Layer Angle Interlock Weave (LTLAIW). For this program, we propose to use both commercially available CG-Nicalon and our own SiNC structural ceramic fiber, currently under development with Navair support. SiNC matrix densification will be performed using the polymer-infiltration-pyrolysis (PIP) process, already optimized under a program supported by the National Science Foundation. The rational for ultimately replacing CG-Nicalon with MATECH SiNC ceramic fiber is higher thermo-mechanical properties combined with desirable electro-magnetic behavior required for this application. Additionally, having a fiber and matrix that are compositionally identical would eliminate any CTE mismatch, and thus help mitigate matrix cracking upon thermo-cycling.

INDUSTRIAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS, INC. 2760 Beverly Dr., #4 Aurora, IL 60504
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 236-5901 Dr. Donald E. Yuhas NAVY 04-249 Awarded: 17NOV04
Title:	Innovative Quality Control Assessment Methods for Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Components
Abstract:	The fabrication of ceramic matrix composites is a multi-step process requiring careful monitoring and control at each step in the processing cycle. Consistent, high quality components can only be reliably reproduced if a firm foundation is provided by initially insuring the uniformity and consistency of the reinforcing yarns. Although considerable effort has been invested in developing NDE suitable for characterizing green as well as fully consolidated components, much less has been done to characterize the reinforcing yarns. In this Phase I program, we develop and implement in-line testing methods to characterized silicon carbide yarns. Methods are formulated to test both sized and un-sized yarns at the initial stages of the processing cycle. Experiments are performed relating various yarn defects to those found in the partially finished and finished composites. Integration of yarn testing methods into the normal manufacturing process will pay a large dividend in cost reduction, result in more consistent component performance (improved quality), and lead to improved process and product understanding.

JENTEK SENSORS, INC. 110-1 Clematis Avenue Waltham, MA 02453
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 642-9666 Dr. Andrew Washabaugh NAVY 04-249 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Quality Control Assessment Methods for Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Components
Abstract:	The proposed novel Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques will provide advanced characterization of Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) components to enhance manufacturing quality control, support component condition assessment and permit prediction of component performance. JENTEK has developed a family of electroquasistatic and magnetoquasistatic sensors and arrays that have successfully solved a wide range of previously intractable NDE problems. These sensors and arrays use model-based inversion algorithms to produce images of spatial variations of electromagnetic properties that have been correlated with many conditions of interest. NASA recently purchased a JENTEK system for detecting internal damage in the reinforced carbon-carbon material used on the leading edge of the shuttle wing. Also, JENTEK's Interdigitated Electrode Dielectrometer is being adapted for determination of porosity and incipient delamination of ceramic thermal barrier coatings on turbine engine components. In this proposed Phase I program, we will adapt JENTEK's electroquasistatic sensors with model-based inversion algorithms for characterization of CMCs for manufacturing quality control and in-service inspection. To address CMC manufacturing QC, we have assembled a team with CMC researchers (UDRI), fabricators (COI Ceramics) and an end user (Pratt & Whitney). In Phase II, we will develop a fieldable, prototype system for integration with the CMC manufacturing process.

RESEARCH APPLICATIONS, INC. 11772 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 260 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 259-7541 Dr. Jalees Ahmad NAVY 04-249 Awarded: 10NOV04
Title:	Defect and Damage Assessment Methodology for CMC Components
Abstract:	Innovative research and development leading to a dual-use advanced technology product is proposed. The product is a methodology and associated software for defect and damage assessment of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components. Once developed, the model would be used in conjunction with non-destructive inspection (NDI) methods to predict the effect of defects and damage on component life and residual strength. The primary focus is on CMCs for the JSF exhaust system components. However the methodology would be applicable to a much broader class of CMCs and components for military and commercial applications. An innovative Physics-Based mechanistic modeling approach is proposed. The approach includes direct consideration of relevant defect and damage mechanisms and environmental degradation. Phase I will involve characterization of the mechanistic model for CMC materials selected by Pratt & Whitney for exhaust nozzle application. The models will be validated against benchmark and sub-element test data. Predictions will be compared with experimental measurements to assess the modeling approach and feasibility for a comprehensive methodology development in Phase II. The proposed product is a comprehensive defect and damage assessment methodology and associate software for its implementation

APPLIED THIN FILMS, INC. 1801 Maple Ave., Suite 5316 Evanston, IL 60201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 491-3373 Ms. Kimberly Steiner NAVY 04-250 Awarded: 19NOV04
Title:	High-Temperature Amorphous Coating for CMCs for Protection against Hot Corrosion
Abstract:	Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are being targeted for many military and commercial applications due to their light weight and high temperature stability. Their deployment is hampered by limited environmental durability. The Navy, under the JSF program, is evaluating a high performance CMC for an exhaust nozzle component. The CMC suffers from environmental degradation, primarily due to hot corrosion from salt ingestion. Severe thermal gradients imposed on the part, along with thermal cycling and fatigue effects, may cause matrix microcracking which exacerbates corrosion. Based on a new high-temperature stable amorphous coating material and low-cost and easy-to-apply solution-based process, ATFI proposes a study to solve this problem. The material's protection against molten salt and high temperature steam and compatibility with many metal and ceramic materials has been demonstrated over the temperature range of interest. Phase I will demonstrate its effectiveness by environmental exposure tests and high temperature anneals. If Phase I is successful, the technology can be transitioned rapidly due to the simplicity of the approach and the minimal capital equipment necessary. Phase II work will extend the concept to optimize coating formulation, application expertise, and demonstration of coating larger panels with the objective of transitioning the technology to the JSF program.

SYNTERIALS, INC. 318 Victory Drive Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 471-9310 Mr. Daniel R. Petrak NAVY 04-250 Awarded: 18NOV04
Title:	Environmental Resistance for Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)
Abstract:	Ceramic matrix composites have potential to meet many of the high temperature structural requirements for advanced military aircraft. One new material made from CG Nicalon fiber and polymer derived SiNC matrix may provide a preferred option for some applications. However, it has not been evaluated for hot corrosion for Navy applications. This program addresses the need to understand how it behaves in salt environments and proposes a Si3N4 coating approach to improve mechanical stability in hot corrosion environments.

ADHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 9621 Camino del Sol NE Albuquerque, NM 87111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 346-1688 Dr. Ronald E. Allred NAVY 04-251 Awarded: 19OCT04
Title:	High Temperature Finishes/Sizings for Polyimide Matrix Composites
Abstract:	New high temperature sizings are needed that are compatible with resin infusion processes to improve the properties and durability of carbon/polyimide composites. Compatibility with resin infusion processes includes compatibility with weaving and braiding operations and improved wetting with the infusing polyimide resin. Achieving these characteristics will result in reducing life cycle costs. The proposed Phase I program will explore two routes for improving handling and interfacial properties enhancement. A thermoplastic high temperature sizing, polyetherimide, known to improve the interface, will be optimized for use with AFR-PE-4 polyimide resin. In addition, an aqueous based reactive finish will be developed that is compatible with carbon fiber manufacturing. Similar solvent based finishes have been shown to greatly improve carbon/polyimide interfacial strength and thermo-oxidative stability. Development of an aqueous finish will greatly reduce costs while also improving health and safety. These sizings/finishes are expected to be compatible with weaving and braiding operations, will improve wetting during resin infusion processes, and improve the strength and durability of the resulting composites.

HYDROSIZE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 3209 GreshamLake Road, Suite 109 Raleigh, NC 27615
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 873-0970 Dr. Heather Brink NAVY 04-251 Awarded: 19OCT04
Title:	High-Temperature Sizing for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Fluorinated Addition Polyimides
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop a sizing system for carbon fiber that has the thermal stability to match or exceed that of the matrix resin and be chemically compatible with the fluorinated addition polyimides. More specifically, the sizing will have the same or similar composition to the matrix resin to promote miscibility and interdiffusion and endcapped with phenylethynyl functional group to allow the sizing and matrix to form covalent bonds. The sizing will be designed to be thermally stable during the full processing cycle, prevent fuzzing, and improve the processability of the fiber tow in the weaving and preform processing steps. In addition, the new sizing must meet all the criteria specified by the carbon fiber industry to be a commercially viable product. The sizing must be solvent free, nonflammable, contain no Hazardous Air Pollutants, and safe for worker exposure. The new sizing must be compatible with the manufacturing equipment and techniques employed at the plants. Major changes in processing and capital expenditure is unacceptable. To provide an advantage for our customers the sizing must ease fiber handling during manufacture and aid in secondary processes such as weaving.

MAVERICK CORP. 11379 Grooms Road Blue Ash, OH 45242
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 469-9919 Dr. Robert A. Gray NAVY 04-252 Awarded: 04NOV04
Title:	High-Temperature Adhesive Development
Abstract:	The recent development of AFR-PE-4 polyimide composites has increased the high-temperature performance of large jet engine structures. To take full advantage of these "new" composite systems, high-temperature adhesives are needed to bond these components to other structures. Current F135 and F136 engine systems slated for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) require high-temperature adhesives that are formulated to provide service temperatures in excess of 316�C (600�F) for up to 1,000 hours of operation while retaining a 1,000 psi lap shear strength. Applications for "film" adhesives include honeycomb bonding and stiffening structures, while "paste" adhesives include dams, bonding of fasteners, and gap filler. The overall goal of the program is to formulate addition-cured polyimide resins and study the impact of chemical structure on high temperature properties, adhesion, and joint durability. Maverick will evaluate addition-cured polyimide resin chemistries with the goal of developing the "next-generation" high-temperature adhesive technology for AFR-PE-4 composite components. Maverick also plans to team with Akron Polymer Systems to formulate "reactive diluents," and to work with Adherent Technologies to develop "primer" technology which will "chemically couple" the substrate to the adhesive. This unique collaboration will be key towards the successful development of a high-temperature adhesive system.

PERFORMANCE POLYMER SOLUTIONS, INC. 91 Westpark Road Centerville, OH 45459
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 298-3713 Dr. Jason E. Lincoln NAVY 04-252 Awarded: 04NOV04
Title:	INNOVATIVE, THERMALLY STABLE, POLYIMIDE ADHESIVE TECHNOLOGY
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR program will develop a high temperature film adhesive with a service use temperature in excess of 316�C that exhibits improved handling characteristics, higher toughness, and lower melt viscosity than the current commercially available state-of-the-art polyimide film adhesive, FM 680-1. Under the proposed research effort Performance Polymer Solutions Inc. will employ an innovative, novel approach to optimize the critical performance characteristics of an adhesive formulated resin system. In the Phase I effort, P2SI will incorporate an innovative inorganic reactive plasticizer to lower the melt viscosity, increase ductility and adhesion, and tailor the film to exhibit more epoxy-like handling characteristics, with volatile levels less than 5%. Ductility and performance will also be improved through incorporation of surface- functionalized fillers. In the Phase I Option, P2SI will utilize the Phase I technology to respond to engine manufacturer requests for a 600�F cure temperature. These systems have enormous pay-off potential for both military and commercial applications.

ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC. 3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 573-6300 Mr. Jason Douglas NAVY 04-253 Selected for Award
Title:	Threat Recognition and Early Warning Method
Abstract:	The overall objective of this development effort will be to establish a "local" UAV surveillance platform and early warning system for a wide range of designated installations, bases and facilities. The system would provide around the clock ground surveillance and condition assessment, together with immediate real time response to any observed threat such as the launch of a mortar or missile. After the identification of a threat the system would provide threat recognition, and an automated warning with location and impact time information, provided in real time. This warning system linked directly to a facility would allow a few seconds of warning before impact. In addition, the same surveillance system would provide real-time information on the launch coordinates allowing an automated and rapid counterstrike to be made within seconds. The surveillance and warning system utilizes a range of sensors working to optimize the threat assessment, while maximizing the response time.

ADVANCED CERAMICS RESEARCH, INC. 3292 E. Hemisphere Loop Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 573-6300 Dr. Mark Patterson NAVY 04-253 Selected for Award
Title:	Hyperspectral Classification for Muzzle Flash Recognition from the Silver Fox UAV
Abstract:	One possible approach to discriminate between different projectiles and weapons is to analyze the muzzle flash spectra which is produced when they are fired. While the IR spectrum contains thermal information about the flame the UV portion of the spectrum contains information about the gas chemistry that is usually not affected by reflections - leading to a high signal to noise ratio. The proposed effort extends existing spectral analysis work in the visible and IR to observe the spectra in the UV. An extensive data base of different muzzle flashes and projectiles will be established from which key aspects of the spectra will be determined to enable future rapid assessment of the muzzle flash. Following the initial assessment of a wide range of spectra, a rapid computed tomography imaging spectrometer will be integrated onto the Silver Fox UAV for airborne reconnaissance and assessment of muzzle flashes. The outcome of the proposed effort will be a local airborne surveillance system that can provide rapid assessment of muzzle flashes, thereby discriminating between friend or foe.

SEALANDAIRE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1510 Springport Rd Suite C Jackson, MI 49202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(517) 784-8340 Mr. David C. Sparks NAVY 04-253 Selected for Award
Title:	Threat Spectrum Direction Finding Unit
Abstract:	A program is proposed to perform mission-adaptable, covert surveillance in various contested environments to localize vehicles and weapons fire. Development of a covert, air-deployable (UAV & A/C) sensor system capable of operating in diverse environments and coherently overlapping multiple types of sensor data will significantly increase battlespace awareness, yielding early detection of threats and reduced casualties. To address the military's needs, a commandable multi-sensor cluster will be formed by deploying a gateway unit centrally located among a wireless network of various types of modular sensor nodes. Each cluster will be dispersed by a single airborne delivery vehicle. The cluster will utilize an array of microphones for all missions; other sensor technologies will be added to augment the detection, localization, and classification abilities of the acoustic array depending on the mission environment and suspected threats. A unique concept of modularity will be explored to achieve mission adaptability to a wide range of missions. An optical sensor module, for instance, can be interchanged to sense a completely different phenomenon, such as chemical/biological agents. The gateway logic will provide seamless integration of the sensor change into the overall system.

ALL OPTRONICS, INC. UA Science and Technology Park, 9040 S. Rita Rd., Tucson, AZ 85747
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 229-1324 Dr. Katherine Liu NAVY 04-254 Awarded: 19NOV04
Title:	Low-Cost Fiber-Optic Connector Cleaner
Abstract:	We propose to develop a new fiber optic cleaning system that is designed for low-cost, effective cleaning, compact size, and ease of use. The purpose of the Phase I program is to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed approach. The comprehensive cleaning system incorporates a solvent cleaning device and a pad cleaner. The simple pad cleaner will be sufficient for minor cleaning and removal of loose particles. The solvent cleaning device will be used for more stubborn contaminants such as oils and sticky debris. With simple adaptors, the system will be capable of cleaning both female and male fiber optic connectors as well as various types and sizes of connectors. Emphasis for the Phase I program will be on experimental evaluation of cleaning effectiveness, conceptual packaging design, and cost-effectiveness analysis.

KSARIA CORP. 200 Reseach Drive Wilmington, MA 01887
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 933-0006 Mr. Anthony J. Christopher NAVY 04-254 Selected for Award
Title:	Low-Cost Fiber-Optic Connector Cleaner
Abstract:	The development effort for the Phase I program will entail a multi-step approach to developing a concept(s) for a low-cost fiber connector cleaning process and prove its feasibility. The approach will consist of six main steps, namely; concept development, concept distillation/ selection, prototyping, test methodology development, experimentation, and evaluation for productization. The beginning steps in this effort will be to generate as many concepts as possible without alliance to any and then objectively select the best concept or concepts that can be prototyped to establish feasibility. In addition to this conceptual development effort, a systematic and objective test methodology will be established to quantitatively grade or determine the effectively of the cleaning process. This technique will be used to gather data during the cleaning experiments and will establish a common, unbiased means for evaluating cleaning effectively. All of the test data will be evaluated and estimates will be made as to the cleaning cost, apparatus size, and apparatus costs to bring the optimal cleaner to a productized state.

RAINBOW COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 2362 Qume Drive, Suite F San Jose, CA 95131
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 577-0109 Dr. Sean Zhang NAVY 04-254 Awarded: 05NOV04
Title:	MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) and Double-Layer Nozzle Based Portable Fiber-Optic Connector Cleaner
Abstract:	Rainbow Communications proposes to investigate MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) and double-layer nozzle based portable fiber-optic connector cleaners, which do not require the disassembly of connectors. Rainbow�_s proposed fiber-optic cleaner will include the following unique features. (1) Faster and more effective than cleaning swabs based on the double-layer nozzle to deliver compressed, filtered air and solvent, and suck them back to remove particles and contaminations; (2) No scratching to the connector surface because only air and solvent will contact the connector surfaces; (3) Applicable to all kinds of fiber-optic connectors, including MIL-T-29504 termini and standard fiber-optic connector ferrules based on changeable external needle of the proposed double-layer nozzle; (4) Fast and residue free as the solvent dries rapidly as well as vacuum sucking; (5) Lightweight (

WESTOVER SCIENTIFIC, INC. 18421 Bothell-Everett Hwy, Suite 110 Mill Creek, WA 98012
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 398-1298 Mr. Steve Lytle NAVY 04-254 Selected for Award
Title:	Low-Cost Fiber-Optic Connector Cleaner
Abstract:	Westover Scientific proposes to adapt our proven CleanBlast technology to a far simpler embodiment that would be ideal for field applicatons. The system would provide exceptional cleaning performance with little or no specialized training required. The cleaning process would be reduced to less than 3 seconds at a cost-per-clean of less than $0.20 (likely below $0.15). The device would be disposable, have a shelf life of over 18 months, and contain approximately 300 cleans per unit. Each device would include disposable tips for use with military connectors. We can provide these claims because the majority of the research has already been done to produce a like-product for the commercial market. Within our proposal, we detail the work needed to adapt and optimize this device for Navy applications.

ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 2020 Kraft Drive, Suite 3040 Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 951-1284 Dr. Yu Du NAVY 04-255 Awarded: 16SEP04
Title:	Maintainer Head and Hearing Protection
Abstract:	The U.S. Navy aircraft maintainer personnel need innovative, lightweight, head protection technologies that are compatible with recent advancements in single and double hearing protection devices. The current USN cranial system, worn by aircraft maintainers on the flight deck, was originally designed in the 1950's. During the past decades, jet aircraft engine noise levels have risen substantially. One result is that significant numbers of career Navy veterans have to apply for total hearing loss disability in their later years. The implication of exponential increases in yearly VA hearing loss claim amounts is that hearing protector attenuation values have not kept up with increases in jet engine sound levels. This Phase I program will initiate a formal process for design, development, and demonstration of new maintainer headgear that incorporates advancements in passive and active noise attenuation and communication technologies. Phase I goals will seek to develop advancements in numerous design metrics for the headgear that relate to: new anthropomorphic data for fit, user studies that define shape and comfort, easy integration of NVD and CBR equipment, improved maintainability and durability, product cost, and strict adherence to total daily exposure noise limits in noise fields up to 150 dB(A) SPL.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Anthony J. Dietz NAVY 04-255 Awarded: 28SEP04
Title:	Advanced Helmet for Maintainer Head and Hearing Protection
Abstract:	Improved head and hearing protection is required for aircraft maintainers working on a carrier flight deck during launch and recovery operations. The current head protection is inadequate in many aspects including impact protection, hearing protection, cleaning, comfort, and compatibility with night vision goggles (NVGs) and with chemical biological and radiological (CBR) equipment. Creare proposes a new maintainer helmet that meets the needs of today's flight deck crew. The helmet will use advanced materials and innovative fabrication techniques in a design that is based on a recently completed program of intensive testing on the effectiveness of hearing protection components in extreme noise environments. To be effective, the design must resolve the many competing requirements for comfort, weight, and compatibility without reducing hearing protection performance. Creare has the expertise, understanding, test result database, and test techniques to meet this challenge. In Phase I, we plan to design and fabricate a prototype helmet and to measure its impact and hearing protection performance. We will identify approaches to improve comfort, cooling, maintainability and usability, and implement select features in the prototype. In Phase II, we will complete the helmet design, and we will build and test a production version of the helmet.

DAVID CLARK CO., INC. 360 Franklin Street, Box 15054 Worcester, MA 01615
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 751-5800 Ms. Robin Kelley Allen NAVY 04-255 Awarded: 28SEP04
Title:	Maintainer Head and Hearing Protection
Abstract:	Head and hearing protection equipment used by Navy ground crew in the proximity of aircraft has remained fundamentally unchanged since the 1950s. New, inventive protective headgear technologies are sought to improve cranial impact protection, user comfort, and product maintenance as worn in areas of high-noise hazards and diverse weather and working conditions. Head injuries may occur due to hard surface and rotary blade impact. Proposed designs must be compatible with advanced hearing technology, NVD, and CBR equipment. Integrated electronics should be impervious to EMI, and no part of the assembly should become a FOD source. In Phase I of this project, DCCI will exploit the strengths of our recently improved headgear designs focusing on proposed ancillary items and their impact on such designs. New concepts will be developed integrating the supplementary items. Modern manufacturing processes and materials will broaden the scope of the new designs. During this period, weight, cost, logistic support, and environmental effects will be investigated. Advanced materials and resources will be sought, tested, and recommended. During Phase II, fully functioning prototypes will be developed, fabricated, laboratory tested, and placed into real-world environments to verify performance and to solicit end user feedback.

ANALATOM, INC. 562 Weddell Drive, Suite 4 Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 734-9392 Dr. Trevor Niblock NAVY 04-256 Selected for Award
Title:	Wireless Sensors with Advanced Detection and Prognostic Capabilities for Corrosion Health Management
Abstract:	Corrosion Health Monitoring Systems (HMS) and Prognostics are key to maintaining the performance and reliability of high value, critical structures. Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Corrosion and Control Plan seeks to minimize life-cycle costs due to environmental degradation of nonmetallic materials and corrosion of metals by early detection, monitoring and prediction of corrosion using a HMS that meets critical size, weight, and power constraints, thereby requiring state-of-the-art in microsensor and electronic subsystem technologies. Combining its sensor products, Analatom proposes to develop a Wireless Corrosion Monitoring system for JSF consisting of a multiplexed system consisting of several nodes to obtain data from several low cost, microfabricated corrosion and MEMS strain gauge sensors, with real time intelligent algorithms to detect, monitor and predict corrosion rates; simple integrated electronic components for sensor interfacing, low cost, off-the-shelf microcontroller chips for data acquisition and processing; and a low-power, low-cost wireless network system for downloading the sensor network data to a central health management system. During Phase I, the architectural strategy will be developed along with feasibility demonstration of a wireless corrosion sensor system. Data collection and software protocols issues for data downloading will additionally be addressed during this effort.

FBS, INC. 2134 Sandy Drive Suite #14 State College, PA 16803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 234-3437 Dr. Thomas R. Hay NAVY 04-256 Selected for Award
Title:	Wireless Sensors with Advanced Detection and Prognostic Capabilities for Corrosion Health Management
Abstract:	Thin film galvanic sensors provide feedback on corrisivity via current and charge accumulation. They do not provide direct feedback on material loss. By combining these sensors with guided wave corrosion sensors, galvanic activity can be directly related to material loss via guided wave data. As a result, corrosivity can be directly related to corrosion. Galvanic thin film sensors have there limitations. For instance, they detect local corrosion activity. While one area may be subject to significant corrosion activity, an adjacent area may experience significantly less activity. This type of false alarm my call for unnecessary maintenance action. As a result, the following question arises. How do maintenance personnel perform large area corrosion health monitoring using galvanic sensors with minimal false alarms. The answer is by combining thin film galvanic sensors with guided wave corrosion sensors. When considerable localized corrosivity occurs, the galvanic sensors trigger the guided wave sensor to take data on the entire structure. By using the galvanic sensors to trigger the guided wave sensor, the extent of corrosion in terms of both area and depth can be obtained.

JENTEK SENSORS, INC. 110-1 Clematis Avenue Waltham, MA 02453
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 642-9666 Dr. Neil Goldfine NAVY 04-256 Selected for Award
Title:	Wireless Sensors with Advanced Detection and Prognostic Capabilities for Corrosion Health Management
Abstract:	Detecting and monitoring galvanic activity/corrosivity and quantifying the resulting corrosion damage are key capabilities for corrosion health management. Advanced sensor constructs and sensor suites are needed that can work together to monitor local environment conditions and actual material condition, especially in complex structures and components that include multiple material types. JENTEK has developed a family of electroquasistatic and magnetoquasistatic sensors that utilize model based inversion algorithms to determine absolute values of multiple unknown material properties that correlate with many conditions of interest. These thin film sensors are extremely reliable and repeatable and their small size and light weight permit them to be permanently mounted in aerospace structures. In this proposed Phase I program, JENTEK will evaluate innovative applications of electric and magnetic field sensing approaches to provide in-situ monitoring of electrochemical/galvanic activity as well as condition assessment of structural and protective materials. Sensor constructs will be explored that embody winding and sensor geometries that lend themselves to physical modeling, permitting accurate response prediction and reliable monitoring of relevant conditions over time. In Phase II, we plan to implement an integrated suite of sensors for JSF component testing which may include rapid remaining useful life prediction and wireless communication capability.

ADVANCED ROTORCRAFT TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1685 Plymouth Street, Suite 250 Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 968-1464 Dr. Chengjian He NAVY 04-257 Selected for Award
Title:	Enhanced Rotorcraft Aerodynamic Modules to Support Flight Testing
Abstract:	Progress has been made in developing high fidelity rotorcraft simulation models in order to adequately predict rotorcraft performance, stability, and loads in support of design, operation, and flight testing. Limitations, however, exist in several essential aspects of modeling rotor aerodynamics including blade stall, rotor tip effects, rotor downwash, rotor/airframe interference, and rotor aeroelastic interaction. We propose to: (1) enhance blade dynamic stall modeling to improve the prediction of 3D stall delay and accuracy of blade drag and pitch moment; (2) enhance blade tip modeling to consider the 3D blade tip effect; (3) enhance high rate of descent modeling by including the effects of unsteady variation of the vortex ring state; (4) enhance rotor wake and aerodynamic interference modeling by allowing for the effects of high blade twist and inclusion of fuselage interference on the rotor; (5) enhance rotor aeroelastic modeling by developing a coupled airframe/rotor and coupled FLIGHTLAB/CFD solution for the aeroelastic blade loads calculation.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. 34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 538-0444 Mr. Daniel Wachspress NAVY 04-257 Awarded: 28SEP04
Title:	Advanced Rotorcraft Aerodynamic Modules for Flight Testing Support, Simulation and Analysis
Abstract:	Accurate performance prediction is crucial to the simulation, analysis and flight testing support of rotorcraft. In this regard, current analysis tools inadequately model key phenomena like blade dynamic stall, rotor tip loads, and rotor downwash because of their failure to predict the true unsteady three-dimensional nature of the aerodynamic environment near the rotor. Continuum Dynamics, Inc. (CDI) has recently developed breakthrough technologies in real-time lifting panel and free-vortex wake modeling that will allow us to address these issues with unprecedented fidelity at low CPU cost. A new fast lifting surface blade aerodynamics module is proposed building on CDI's state-of-the-art vortex lattice and fast panel solution technology that will, for the first time, allow accurate modeling of three-dimensional rotor tip effects for arbitrarily-shaped rotors in general maneuvering flight. Coupling this new technology with CDI's extensively validated, full-span free-vortex wake model, will provide unparalleled predictions of unsteady loading and details of the rotor flow field for general flight conditions including high rate of descent. Finally, a new efficient, accurate blade dynamic stall model is proposed utilizing an enhanced combination of fast panel/vortex algorithms, rounding out the ability of the solution techniques to model all the crucial aerodynamic phenomena identified in the solicitation.

BARRON ASSOC., INC. 1410 Sachem Place, Suite 202 Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 973-1215 Mr. Jason O. Burkholder NAVY 04-258 Selected for Award
Title:	An Advanced Modeling, Monitoring, and Predicting System for the Joint Strike Fighter
Abstract:	Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) is envisioned as a comprehensive system for detecting and isolating failures, recommending condition-based maintenance (CBM), and estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of critical components. Barron Associates, Inc. (BAI) has teamed with Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company (LM Aero) to propose an SBIR program that leverages a decade of jointly developing fault-tolerant controls and identification technologies. This SBIR program will result in a comprehensive fault and failure anomaly detection and isolation system that brings together flight-tested algorithms developed by BAI for online, real-time parameter identification and generic algorithms developed by BAI for fault detection and isolation (FDI) in any complex dynamical system. BAI presents three crucial technologies that will form a solid foundation for the development of advanced modeling, monitoring, and predicting technology for the JSF: (1) a robust algorithm for identification of model parameters; (2) innovative, model-based FDI algorithms employing statistical change detection techniques; and (3) prognostic algorithms that predict the remaining useful life (RUL) for system components. In Phase I, BAI will evaluate the performance of these algorithms operating in a realistic JSF simulation provided by LM Aero.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5238 Dr. Chiman Kwan NAVY 04-258 Selected for Award
Title:	Failure Precursors and Anomaly Detection in Complex Electrical Systems Using Symbolic Dynamics
Abstract:	Failures in a plant's electrical components are a major source of performance degradation and plant unavailability. In order to detect and monitor failure precursors and anomalies early in electrical systems, we propose to develop signal processing capabilities that can detect and map patterns in already existing, available signals to an anomaly measure. Toward this end Professor Asok Ray at Penn State University has pioneered an elaborate mathematical theory of "language measure" based on real analysis, finite state automaton, symbolic dynamics and information theory. Application of this theory for anomaly detection results in a robust statistical pattern recognition technique. This technique is superior to conventional pattern recognition techniques such as neural networks and principal component analysis for anomaly detection because it exploits a common physical fact underling most anomalies which conventional techniques do not. This superiority has recently been demonstrated on electrical circuits, lasers and in mechanical components. The objectives of the research proposed by Intelligent Automation Incorporated (IAI) and its subcontractor are: (i) to develop real-time anomaly sensing and monitoring systems for early detection of faults in avionic electrical systems; and (ii) to experimentally validate the proposed concept on an active nonlinear electrical circuit.

RIDGETOP GROUP, INC. 6595 North Oracle Road, Suite 153B Tucson, AZ 85704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 742-3300 Dr. Bert Vermeire NAVY 04-258 Selected for Award
Title:	Integrated Prognostics for Missile Electronics
Abstract:	Ridgetop will work with Raytheon to apply Electronic Prognostics to critical electronic systems in advanced missile systems. The focus will be on latent defects that escape conventional functional test suites. This investigation involves identification of critical components from failure rate analysis, extracting and measuring precursors to failure, and collecting and processing the results into a single composite Electronic Prognostics Indicator. For this SBIR, Ridgetop will create a test board design that can be used for accelerated aging and analysis of induced failures. Additional prognostics will be added to Ridgetop's Prognostic library such as FPGA packaging faults (solder failures) and also connector problems found in missile systems. The test board will be overstressed and cycled in a controlled manner to reveal defects at Raytheon's facilities in Tucson. The resulting signatures will be analyzed and processed to yield the composite latent defect metric.

IONIX POWER SYSTEMS, LLC 10572 Bernabe Drive San Diego, CA 92129
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 547-9548 Mr. C. Joseph Farahmandi NAVY 04-259 Selected for Award
Title:	Ni-Cad Battery State-of-Health Indication Improvements
Abstract:	The program will develop the necessary monitoring techniques and modeling tools needed to assess the state-of-charge and health of nickel cadmium batteries. The developed system will be designed and implemented into an advanced prognostic and health maintenance system that will actively determine when service of critical components will be needed. The developed models will be based on physical processes that occur during operation of the battery. Existing models of nickel cadmium battery performance will be augmented to include the fade mechanisms of interest. Monitoring techniques will be integrated with the developed models to provide improved health and state of charge predictions.

VENABLE INDUSTRIES 4201 S. Congress Ave. , Suite 201 Austin, TX 78745
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 837-2888 Mr. Stephen Bissell NAVY 04-259 Selected for Award
Title:	State of Health Indication Improvement of the Nickel-Cadmium Battery
Abstract:	We propose in conjunction with Dr. M.A. Alim of Alabama A&M University to measure through small signal ac voltage injection and frequency response analysis the internal complex impedance of the target battery over various charge/discharge rates, temperature, and number of cycles. Correlation will be observed between the impedance variations and state of charge and state of health of the target battery. A simplified algorithm will be developed that will provide a high level of confidence and accuracy with minimal impact on battery operation and load. Hardware modifications will be proposed to provide small signal ac injection and response measurements for the target battery.

INNOVATIVE DYNAMICS, INC. 2560 North Triphammer Road Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-0533 Mr. Jack Edmonds NAVY 04-260 Selected for Award
Title:	Embedded Wiring Diagnostic Technology for Aircraft
Abstract:	Innovative Dynamics Inc. proposes to develop a Wire Health Management System (WHMS) that provides prognostic and diagnostic tools for detecting, identifying, and locating wire faults. The expected result for the Navy is substantially reduced maintenance costs and down time of aging aircraft. The proposed WHMS incorporates multiple sensors into "smart" clamps to monitor wire chafing and arcing events that account for more than 50% of wire fault incidents. The sensors can also be used to detect loose connections, temperature increases indicative of fire or other wire anomalies, fluid contamination, and connector cross-mating to cover 80 - 90% of all wire incidents. Smart components also provide the capability to mitigate unwanted wiring vibration through active noise cancellation techniques, and thus extending life of key wiring components. All can be configured to be non-intrusive fault indicators such that nothing needs to be disconnected or dismantled to conduct the inspection. The system operates continuously in-flight so that mystifying intermittent conditions can be spotted as they happen. The system can also be used for ground inspections as well. IDI proposes to develop a comprehensive implementation plan on new and legacy aircraft covering installation through end use.

LIVEWIRE TEST LABS, INC. 4229 w. Paskay Dr. West Valley City, UT 84120
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 865-8041 Dr. Paul S. Smith NAVY 04-260 Selected for Award
Title:	Embedded Wiring Diagnostic Technology for Aircraft
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop and integrate an Embedded Smart Connector (SC) with wire diagnostic technology that can be temporarily or permanently installed into the aircraft wiring system to report the health of the vehicle wiring. This smart connector can be used to detect and locate in-flight anomalies. It can also be used to collect early in-flight data to illuminate the deterioration of wiring and provide information towards the goal of prognosis of wiring faults. The sensor technology that will be used is spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR), which has been demonstrated for accurate fault location (to within a few inches) on live wires carrying DC, AC power or digital data signals. SSTDR technology has proven to be highly accurate despite noise caused by the external environment including the switching of motors, lights, etc. and related noise associated with realistic loads.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Tom Wavering NAVY 04-260 Selected for Award
Title:	Distributed Monitoring of Electrical Wiring
Abstract:	Electrical wiring interconnect system (EWIS) damage due to mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical mechanisms can result in loss of critical systems, smoke and fire, and lead to catastrophic equipment failure. Aircraft wiring is the subject of intensive research efforts to predict and prevent the failure of electrical systems in existing and future military and commercial aircraft. To address this critical need, Luna Innovations proposes to use distributed optical fiber sensors to monitor and locate wiring damage or conditions that may lead to EWIS damage. The sensing technique is capable of temporal and spatial measurement of wiring system condition. The system is sensitive to processes that degrade the EWIS in different zones of the aircraft structure and damage events associated with maintenance activities or other sources. Both transient conditions and permanent changes in state are detected. Damage modes and conditions can be sensed without imparting damage to the optical fiber sensing element. Additionally, the EWIS condition can be compared to any previous condition. This allows aircraft operators to locate areas of significant change in the health of the EWIS that require inspection. This cumulative data is also valuable for developing zonal analysis of aging processes for use in prognostic EWIS modeling.

ACREE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 308 Jackson St., Suite 2 Oakland, CA 94607
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 923-0291 Dr. Mike McFarland NAVY 04-261 Selected for Award
Title:	Erosion Resistant Coatings for Shaft-Driven Compressor (SDC) Impellers
Abstract:	The purpose of this proposal is to demonstrate the effectiveness of erosion resistant coatings for extending the life of shaft-driven compressor (SDC) impellers on the V-22 Osprey. Shaft-driven compressors are used on many aircraft to provide service to on-board inert/oxygen gas separators and environmental control systems, as well as other functions. The impellers in SDCs typically operated at from 87,000 to 100,000 revolutions per minute, at temperatures ranging from 125�� F to 600�� F. Aircraft that operate in sandy or dusty landing zones, or during dust and sand storms, have experienced rapid erosion of the SDC impeller leading to loss of critical functions and potentially catastrophic system failures. The goal of the project is to extend the impeller life by at least a factor of ten.

HY-TECH RESEARCH CORP. 104 Centre Ct. Radford, VA 24141
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 639-4019 Dr. C. Christopher Klepper NAVY 04-261 Selected for Award
Title:	Cathodic Arc Synthesis of Sand-Erosion Resistant, Boride Coatings for Titanium Alloy Compressor Impeller Blades
Abstract:	In environments where the atmosphere can contain a high concentration of sand, the erosion of jet engine turbine blades becomes a dominant mechanism for reduced aircraft engine lifetime. NAVAIR is seeking a coating solution that will dramatically decrease this sand erosion wear mechanism, especially for titanium alloy impeller blades in the compressor side of its aircraft engines. HY-Tech is offering to apply its surface treatment technology, which is uniquely able to apply a super-high hardness (3 times that of sand), yet low modulus (i.e. elastic, providing good impact resistance), boron-rich thin film coating, with excellent adhesion to titanium alloys (as well as steels). The adhesion is achieved without the need for a bond coating, by using the energetic ions of boron involved in this process to form a reacted diffusion layer. Boron forms strongly bonded compounds with titanium; the compounds themselves are also hard and erosion resistant. The Phase I project will seek to demonstrate this solution by means of sand erosion testing of boron-coated flat-samples at a qualified facility and to determine the relationship of sand erosion performance to the depth and quality of the reacted layer.

KEYSTONE SYNERGISTIC ENTERPRISES, INC. 1458 S. E. Ocean Lane Port St. Lucie, FL 34983
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(772) 283-3502 Mr. Bryant Walker NAVY 04-261 Selected for Award
Title:	Erosion Resistant Coatings for Shaft-Driven Compressor (SDC) Impellers
Abstract:	This phase 1 SBIR program will focus on the application and testing of Gneration 5 erosion resistant, multi-functional nickel boron coating that combines extreme hardness and abrasion resistance with very low friction properties, temperature tolerance and bond strength, deposited on Ti 6AL-4V Shaft-Driven Compressor impellers with complex airfoil geometry. The program will also investigate the feasibility of co-depositing nano particles of refractory carbides to further enhance the erosion resistance of nickel boron. An engineering study will be conducted to investigate the feasibility of economic SDC impeller airfoil repair and restoration using unique metal deposition and finishing techniques.

GMA INDUSTRIES, INC. 20 Ridgely Avenue, Suite 301 Annapolis, MD 21401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 267-6600 Mr. Ernest Keenan NAVY 04-262 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Terahertz Imaging System for Automatic NDE and Detection of Foreign Objects in Composite Components
Abstract:	This proposal describes an approach for the use of terahertz band radiation, or T-rays, for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and detection of foreign objects in manually constructed composites. Contaminates introduced during the fabrication phase of composite airframe parts contribute to high rejection rates. A method of identifying foreign objects embedded in a lay-up before curing of the part, and allowing their removal, would reduce the financial penalties associated with manufacturing composites. T-rays have many advantages over traditional NDE techniques, including being non-ionizing radiation and the ability to "see-through" many opaque materials. Due to the unique approach to constructing terahertz images, new processing techniques are applied in order to identify and extract information from the images relevant to detecting foreign objects. A multi-resolution decomposition is coupled with Bayesian classifier to learn the characteristics of foreign objects embedded within various composite types and allow automatic detection.

MENON & ASSOC., INC. 12282 Libelle Ct. San Diego, CA 92131
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 549-8886 Dr. Suresh Menon NAVY 04-262 Awarded: 22OCT04
Title:	Detection of foreign materials in uncured hand layup composites
Abstract:	Fiber-reinforced polymer prepreg materials are supplied in the form of tape, tow and fabric. During the cutting and lay-up processes, some of the backing material (release film) remains on the prepreg. Composite parts manufactured using such prepreg materials can fail since the backing material prevents a good bond between individual plies. Menon and Associates proposes to demonstrate a RF-based profiler system to detect the backing material. The principle is based on exciting specific nuclei inside composite materials. These nuclei are found within the contaminants and are very different from those found in the fiber and matrix. The profiling process allows individual layers within a structure to be inspected rapidly while the various plies are being laid down in the mold. Contaminants such as aluminum, paper, plastic, Teflon, oil and moisture can be detected and identified. In addition to profiling, the system will allow detailed analysis of heat damage at any depth. In Phase I we propose to demonstrate feasibility of the profiling system. We will prove that contaminants can be detected inside uncured composites laid on a steel mold. In Phase II we will build and demonstrate a prototype hand held system for detecting contaminants in uncured composites.

ASTRON WIRELESS TECHNOLIGIES, INC. 22560 Glenn Drive, Suite 114 Sterling, VA 20164
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 450-5517 Mr. Joseph R. Jahoda NAVY 04-263 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Multi-Band Electronic Surveillance Measure (ESM) Antenna
Abstract:	The objective of the Phase 1 and 2 SBIR Program, Topic N04-263, "Advanced Multi-Band Electronic Surveillance Measure (ESM) Antenna," is to develop a multi-band, lightweight ESM antenna, includes communications intelligence (COMINT), electronic intelligence (ELINT) and communications systems and data links, and is capable of being installed on multiple, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) platforms. The antenna may be installed at multiple locations on the air vehicle, such that they can be coherently processed to create an interferometer to measure angle of arrival of emitters. Revolutionary antenna technologies are sought that will be lightweight, provide a wide area RF coverage, and be capable of interfacing with existing and planned UAV ECM/Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) systems. The real challenge is to preserve the gain and coverage characteristics of multiple antennas in a single integrated package. It has been suggested that the full frequency coverage desired is 100 MHz to 18 GHz with an objective of 20 MHz to 40 GHz. Further it would be desirable to be able to transmit over the 20 MHz to 2 GHz frequency range. The system should have a higher gain as the angle of reception approaches the horizon, a 1/R� space loss function. The antenna shall be circularly polarized, thus being able to operate with vertically and horizontally polarized signals also. A single connector shall be used for the full frequency coverage. The VSWR shall not exceed 2:1 over the required frequency band. The primary requirements driven by use on UAV's are: form factor, (shape, size, depth), weight, aerodynamic drag, cost, structural capabilities, and RF performance.

SPECTRA RESEARCH, INC. 3085 Woodman Drive, Suite 200 Dayton, OH 45420
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 299-5999 Dr. John A. Little, PhD NAVY 04-263 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Multi-Band Electronic Surveillance Measure (ESM) Antenna
Abstract:	The Spectra-GTRI team proposes an innovative approach to optimizing weight on UAVs by integrating the antenna systems directly into the UAV wing or fuselage mechanical structure. By carving slot antennas of various sizes out of the wing structure, an array of bandwidths can be accommodated. Employing pairs or sets of antennas across the wingspan enables the use of direction finding to determine RF emission source bearing. The dual use of a structural feature as a sensor offers an innovative approach to minimizing weight on ESM platforms. Employing GTRI's advances in fragmented aperture and MetaMaterials research, a wing, tail, or fuselage of a UAV can be utilized as a radiating antenna without loss of structural integrity.

GRAMMATECH, INC. 317 N. Aurora Street Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 273-7340 Dr. Paul Anderson NAVY 04-264 Selected for Award
Title:	Tools for Software Architecture Visualization
Abstract:	The problem of supporting large mixed-language software systems is of great importance to the Navy and beyond. Often the only reliable source of information about their architecture is the source code itself. Having a reliable way to automatically create visualizations of the architecture is key to understanding the system, and for planning changes. We propose the development of a set of tools for automatically extracting UML design diagrams directly from the source code. The techniques will mostly be based on a static view of how objects in the code interrelate, and will allow the extraction of the class diagram, the object diagram, the interaction diagram, and the state diagram. We also propose cluster and concept analysis techniques for helping users understand the structure of less well-structured programs. These tools will be based on our existing static analysis technology, which is already highly developed for C and C++, and for which a version for Ada 95 is currently under development. We additionally propose an option to study using techniques to extract dynamic visualizations. The tool will produce output in the form of XML objects in a standard format that can imported into existing UML design tools.

SCIENTIFIC TOOLWORKS, INC. 321 N. Mall Drive, Suite I-201 St. George, UT 84790
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 738-1371 Dr. David L. Zimmerman NAVY 04-264 Selected for Award
Title:	Automated Software Architecture Analysis and Visualization Advanced of Large, Mixed-Language Systems
Abstract:	Large, complex software systems are difficult to maintain, modify, and enhance. Information regarding the overall system architecture and individual component design is often sparse, and usually informal. In order to effectively address legacy system maintenance and evolution, we must provide facilities to recognize and represent the information abstractions which exist throughout a software system, at every design layer. Our objective is to investigate the feasibility of leveraging a combination of: a) language-neutral models, b) source code analysis techniques, and c) user interaction with graphical representations, to extract and maintain higher-level software knowledge. Our fundamental innovation is this combination of analysis results -- to propose and highlight potential abstractions, and cooperative user interaction -- to accept, elaborate, or modify them, all supported by an underlying suite of extensible source code analysis and exploration tools.

SEMANTIC DESIGNS 12636 Research Blvd #C214 Austin, TX 78759
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 250-1018 Dr. Ira D. Baxter NAVY 04-264 Selected for Award
Title:	Automated Software Architecture Analysis and Visualization Advanced of Large, Mixed-Language Systems
Abstract:	This research project will explore the extraction, visualization, and validation of multiple views of as-is architectures for large software systems in multiple source languages. It will focus on providing support for complex real languages including Ada95, C++, and SQL. Based on generalized compiler technology, the techniques will be extensible in a practical way to a broad range of languages. The research focuses on extraction of multiple architectural styles, visualization using constraint-based graph layout implemented in a parallel language for performance, and architectural query languages using symbolic formulas to enable scale.

APPLIED EM, INC. 24 Research Drive Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 224-2035 Dr. C. J. Reddy NAVY 04-265 Selected for Award
Title:	Miniature GPS Antenna System
Abstract:	Current anti Jam GPS antennas are approximately 14" in diameter making them too large for several platforms of interest such as unmanned aerial vehicles, missiles and fighter aircrafts. A modified version of this antenna array is significantly smaller in size (seven inch diameter) but incorporates only 4 antenna elements, thus, limiting its nulling capabilities under severe jamming conditions. To alleviate these limitations, Applied EM is proposing a miniature GPS antenna that would allow for anti-jamming capability (with 5 to 7 elements) to acquire accurate PVT (Position, Velocity and Time) in a hostile RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) environment. This will improve GPS reliability for situation awareness in battlefield scenarios and will further make GPS a viable solution for precision approach and landing. A second focus of our proposal is to enhance the antenna electronics using -time adaptive processing (STAP) or space-frequency adaptive processing (SFAP) with optimum performance.

SPECTRA RESEARCH, INC. 3085 Woodman Drive, Suite 200 Dayton, OH 45420
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 299-5999 Dr. John A. Little, PhD NAVY 04-265 Awarded: 10NOV04
Title:	Miniature GPS Antenna System
Abstract:	MetaMaterials with new advancements such as fragmented aperture antenna arrays may offer additional significant advantages in the drive to provide reduced size, high efficiency controlled radiation pattern antennas (CRPAs). The Spectra Research-Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) team proposes to apply fragmented aperture and MetaMaterials technology to develop a lightweight small antenna solution capable of receiving both the L1 and L2 GPS bands necessary for military applications. DARPA-sponsored GTRI programs in MetaMaterials have lead to the development of materials directly applicable to reducing patch antenna size while other DARPA-sponsored initiatives fragmented aperture technology has resulted in a GTRI toolset readily equipped to allow these antennas to receive both GPS bands. This combination can be manufactured using planar circuit board fabrication and solves the anti-jam problem without the need for esoteric textured LTCC materials. Furthermore, these antennas are made with very flexible dielectrics presenting the potential for future application to conformal surfaces.

---------- DARPA ----------

35 Phase I Selections from the 04.3 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

SENSORCON, INC. 132 Washington St. #4 Reading, MA 01867
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 944-1334 Mr. Mark Wagner DARPA 04-036 Awarded: 18NOV04
Title:	Novel Low-cost Methods for Fabricating Compact, Vertically Integrated MEMS
Abstract:	Sensorcon is proposing a CMOS compatible method to vertically integrate MEMS devices in a 3D manner, at the wafer level. This method will enable low cost production in both low and high volumes, as the benefits of both SOC and SIP approaches will be realized. The techniques used in this proposal draw upon the state-of-the-art in semiconductor, MEMS, and packaging technologies. Phase I work will demonstrate feasibility by fabricating and testing vertically integrated MEMS (or VI-MEMS) test devices from silicon. The low cost processing methods will be further enhanced by a parallel study with Quantum Leap Packaging, Inc., using Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) based MEMS cap wafers as a replacement for today's standard glass & silicon based cap wafers. The feasibility study will be based on results from mechanical, electrical, and hermetic testing, both before and after temperature cycling. Phase II will build on Phase I results by fabricating & testing functional VI-MEMS prototypes. Phase III work will be focused on ramping up production of devices using Phase I & II technologies.

VISM CORP. 1449 Blackburn Lane Plano, TX 75025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 560-5994 Dr. Chan Wan DARPA 04-036 Awarded: 29NOV04
Title:	Novel Low-cost Methods for Fabricating Compact, Vertically Integrated MEMS
Abstract:	Vism Corporation proposes to demonstrate a tunable Fabry-Perot filter (TFPF) using a highly innovative MEMS process called Surface Micromachined Bulk Silicon (SUMBS), for applications in RPG or missile threat warning or multispectral imaging systems. The MEMS TFPF employs a novel digital electrostatic actuator made of single crystal silicon that provides high accuracy tuning with ultra compactness, low-weight, and high speed. Further, the SUMBS process technology provides a unique 3-D, vertically integrated architecture that gives rise to small size, low cost, high accuracy, high yield and superior manufacturability.

BARRON ASSOC., INC. 1410 Sachem Place, Suite 202 Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 973-1215 Dr. Todd A. Summers DARPA 04-037 Awarded: 03JAN05
Title:	Sub-space Hopped Orthogonal Communication (SHOC)
Abstract:	DARPA wishes to develop an orthogonal communication system that is impervious to interference. This system must provide covert communication capabilities for tactical environments in the L and S bands. To this end, Barron Associates, Inc. (BAI) proposes to investigate Sub-Space Hopped Orthogonal Communication (SHOC). Different orthogonal techniques and wireless standards that are prominent in the L and S RF bands (e.g., IS-95, GSM, IEEE 802.11) allow multiple users to share the same RF resource by subdividing it into sub-spaces according to time, frequency, waveform, polarization, and combinations thereof. Each user operates in their own sub-space, unaffected by other users. With such sub-space based techniques, it is rare that all of the available sub-spaces will be occupied. The unused degrees of freedom comprise a larger sub-space of the RF resource that may be exploited by another, outside user without being subject to interference from (or causing interference to) the original users. BAI will develop and demonstrate a technique for covert wireless communication within the unoccupied sub-space of an existing orthogonal communication system. SHOC uses a detection step to determine the vacant sub-space of an existing communication system, then communicates covertly by hopping over (time-varying) basis functions spanning the unoccupied sub-space.

CHAOTIC.COM P.O. Box 1010 Great Falls, VA 22066
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 759-5257 Mr. Rick Holland DARPA 04-037 Selected for Award
Title:	Agile Communications in Adaptively Defined, Orthogonal Subspaces
Abstract:	Opportunistic airwave access using agile communications simultaneously solves the problems of interference, jamming, and access to the increasingly congested radio spectrum. We have invented a generalized mathematical framework based on adaptive, orthogonal subspaces, for analyzing and designing agile link schemes that goes well beyond the limitations imposed by Fourier representations of the radio spectrum. Using this framework, we have formally defined and solved the technical optimization problems of agile links. Our solutions provide templates for creating and evaluating sub-optimal, but fast and efficient, algorithmic approximations suitable for implementation in existing software radios. The benefits of our approach include formal mathematical structures for organizing, defining and attacking the engineering challenges of optimal agile communications and ad hoc networking. The initial designs suggested by this framework are surprisingly straightforward, numerically efficient, and extremely agile, when confronted by a statistically non-stationary, wideband channel. Our approach is easily implemented and requires no measurements other than the received signals. Our methods address several of the concerns raised by the Defense Science Board and the Congressional Budget Office (and others) about the challenges of providing sufficient network throughput in currently funded military radio programs.

OPTIMAL SYNTHESIS, INC. 868 San Antonio Road Palo Alto, CA 94303
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 213-8585 Dr. Hui-Ling Lu DARPA 04-037 Selected for Award
Title:	Interference Avoidance via Adaptive Wavelet Packet Modulation in Wireless Communication Systems
Abstract:	The proposal addresses the problem of adaptive modulation/demodulation scheme in the presence of interference for wireless communication systems. The objective is to develop a new class of communication system that is impervious to natural and man-made interferences. Here, motivated by the concept of software-defined radio, we propose an adaptive modulation/demodulation scheme which modifies the user's signature waveforms by maximizing the signal to interference ratio. Changing the transmitting signature waveform is one step beyond the existing adaptive modulation schemes where constellation size, transmission power, symbol time, and coding rate are adapted to the channel fading level. By maximizing the orthogonality between the transmitting signature waveform and the interference, a better and simpler detection can be achieved at the receiver. The idea of maximizing the orthogonality is achieved by representing the signature waveform using the least significant eigenfunction of the interference. There are two essential concepts behind our signature waveform adaptive scheme. Here, we proposed to integrate the basis selection strategy based on Wavelet Packet Analysis with the state-of-art interference avoidance algorithms. In this proposal, we will develop the mathematical foundation for adaptive signature waveform design and deliver the system architecture under the scenario of symbol-synchronous single-cell multi-user system.

NORTHERN MICRODESIGN, INC. 533 193 Street Ames, IA 50010
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(515) 232-0990 Dr. William Black DARPA 04-038 Awarded: 16NOV04
Title:	Adaptive Communication System for Extreme Power Line Networks
Abstract:	An ad-hoc networking method is proposed for use over existing power lines in large commercial buildings. The network is minimally sensitive to lossy elements such as distribution transformers and tripped or OFF circuit breakers and hardware may be made interoperable with existing power line communication systems. Adaption performance of the network is programmable so that various sensor requirements may be accomodated with near optimal power efficiency. The proposed prototypes will maximize use of commercially available and programmable components so as to minimize cost and functional risk.

POWERQ TECHNOLOGIES, INC. One Technology Dr. , Suite F207 Irvine, CA 92618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 450-9042 Mr. Steve Davis DARPA 04-038 Awarded: 17NOV04
Title:	Ad Hoc Networking Over In-Building Power Lines
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed study is to develop an optimal design approach for the creation of a device that will support low bit rate covert communication over existing in-building wiring infrastructure. Desired content of data transferred is targeted for voice and sensor data. The proposed device must operate with or without the presence of mains power. Additionally, each individual unit must be able to connect to one another via an efficient ad-hoc network structure.

AGILTRON CORP. 220 Ballardvale St., Suite D Wilmington, MA 01887
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 694-1006 Dr. Jack Salerno DARPA 04-039 Awarded: 09NOV04
Title:	Bio-Inspired IR Imager
Abstract:	The proposal addresses a new class of IR detector that mimics the snake's thermal sensing ability. The design is based on the extensive research derived findings on biological IR sensing systems and leverages recent material process progress in multi-layered nano-scale membrane preparation. The revolutionary polymer bubble array IR imager offers significant improvements in IR imager performance and manufacturing cost over competing technologies. The innovation is based on a highly sensitive Golay cell array made of unique compliant and extremely robust free standing nanomembrane bubbles. Despite its technical novelty, the proposed device is extremely simple to produce with inherent high manufacturing yield at dramatically reduced cost. The device is anticipated to have high IR sensitivity as well as high resolution of mega-pixel array size. The new imager employs a novel optical direct readout, providing a practical system solution to lightweight, low-cost, environmentally friendly military and commercial applications. Due to its fundamentally passive nature, our camera also consumes little power and offers near real time response due to the elimination of electronic scanning associated with conventional IR cameras.

CORNERSTONE RESEARCH GROUP, INC. 2750 Indian Ripple Rd. Dayton, OH 45440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 320-1877 Dr. Tat H. Tong DARPA 04-039 Awarded: 08NOV04
Title:	Bio-Inspired Sensor Systems
Abstract:	Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG) proposes the use of bio-inspired sensing concepts to develop novel, low cost polymer composite sensors for military as well as commercial applications. CRG will investigate the design and fabrication of sensors with the use of conducting polymer composite, and by drawing inspiration from known biological sensing mechanisms reported in the literature. The use of polymer composite materials to fabricate sensors will lead to significant cost saving due to greater versatility, flexibility and fault tolerance of polymeric materials comparing with silicon. The employment of bio-inspired sensing mechanism will lead to novel sensing capability, such as the possibility of multi-functionality, and improved performance, such as greater sensitivity and room temperature operation.

RPU TECHNOLOGY 173 Dedham Ave. Needham, MA 02492
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 444-9426 Mr. John Merchant DARPA 04-039 Awarded: 09NOV04
Title:	Bio-Inspired Autonomous Vision
Abstract:	Vision sensors are an essential component of autonomous systems of all types, now receiving rapidly increasing attention (UAV, UGV, ATR etc). However physical vision systems that substitute for human vision in autonomous systems have very much less capability for the visual recognition tasks that must be performed. This research and development exploits the fact that, to a large extent, the superior performance of human vision is due to the entirely different type and much reduced quantity of visual information it derives and uses so effectively. Whereas physical image sensors derive information by high density Nyquist sampling, over 99.99% of the visual field human vision uses visual information derived by low density variance sampling. The initial bio-inspired development is a practical demonstration of three autonomous system recognition tasks that will be performed much more effectively using variance instead of Nyquist information. This information is easily derived by variance sub-sampling the output of any conventional image sensor. A subsequent bio-inspired development would be to implement this (very simple) sub-sampling operation directly on the focal plane of the image sensor, just as is done in the human retina. The result would be a small, inexpensive, very high performance robotic-eyeball for autonomous systems.

DEDUCTIVE SOLUTIONS 25 Mendrey Court Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 966-1292 Dr. Iliano Cervesato DARPA 04-040 Awarded: 18NOV04
Title:	Deductive Spreadsheets
Abstract:	By tapping into recent research in Logic Programming, Databases and Human-Computer Interaction, Deductive Solutions proposes to develop a deductive extension to the spreadsheet. This tool is intended as an automated assistant for the daily reasoning and decision-making needs of computer users, in the same way as the traditional spreadsheet assists them every day with calculations simple and complex. Users without formal training in Logic or Computer Science will be able to interactively define logical rules in the same way as they define formulas in a spreadsheet. The user will then present questions and the Deductive Spreadsheet will use these rules to provide either yes/no answers or lists of value that satisfy them. This deductive component will be seamlessly integrated into the traditional spreadsheet so that a user will not only still have access to the usual functionalities, but will be able to use them as part of the logical inference.

ISX CORP. 760 Paseo Camarillo, Ste. 401 Camarillo, CA 93010
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(678) 581-2000 Mr. David Van Brackle DARPA 04-040 Selected for Award
Title:	Logic Embedded in SpreadSheets (LESS)
Abstract:	Logic Embedded in SpreadSheets (LESS) will provide the user with a system which combines the power oflogic-based knowledge representation and reasoning with the familiar and easily-mastered user interface paradigm of a spreadsheet. There will be several conceptually hierarchical tiers of functionality availably within LESS. At the lowest level, first-tier functionality will simply allow users to embed descriptive logic functions into the existing spreadsheet metaphor. Second-tier functionality will give the user tighter coupling between descriptive logic object knowledge and the spreadsheet paradigm, adding the ability to view objects amenable to a matrix representation in a spreadsheet-tabular form. Third-tier functionality involves making the spreadsheet a complete mapping onto the knowledge base, fully integrated with it, including knowledge objects which do not lend themselves easily to a tabular visualization. Fourth-tier functionality adds the concept of spreadsheet/knowledge templates.

TEKNOWLEDGE CORP. 1800 Embarcadero Rd Palo Alto, CA 94303
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 578-5350 Dr. Robert Balzer DARPA 04-040 Awarded: 04NOV04
Title:	Adding Deductive Logic to a COTS Spreadsheet
Abstract:	As requested in the solicitation, we will be adding a spreadsheet graphic user interface (GUI) to a deductive logic system, but we will not create this GUI. Instead, we will use the GUI from the most successful Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) spreadsheet - Excel. Thus, we will be integrating the deductive logic system into this successful COTS spreadsheet rather than developing a new spreadsheet system. Data will be mapped back and forth between the spreadsheet and the knowledgebase of the deductive logic system, so that spreadsheet data can be used as facts (triples) in the deductive logic system and the information it derives can be placed back in the spreadsheet as computed results. Utilizing the spreadsheet metaphor this mapping will equate an individual spreadsheet cell as the value of an attribute (column heading) of an object (entity whose values are displayed within a row). The spreadsheet will be extended to allow references to those objects (such as father) to be placed in a cell, to handle multi-valued attributes (such as sister), and to define the mappings that couple the spreadsheet to the deductive logic system.

XSB, INC. 25 East Loop Road, Suite 217 Stony Brook, NY 11790
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 444-6814 Dr. David S. Warren, Ph.D. DARPA 04-040 Awarded: 15NOV04
Title:	XcelLog: A User - Centered Deductive Spreadsheet System
Abstract:	In this Phase I SBIR proposal XSB, Inc. will explore the technical feasibility of building XcelLog - a user-centered deductive spreadsheet system. Using XcelLog end users can program intelligent applications using the spreadsheet metaphor without having a programming background. These applications are characterized by a knowledge base encoding knowledge of the application domain, and an inference engine that reasons over it to deduce new knowledge. XSB, Inc. will undertake a three-pronged approach to this feasibility study, namely: 1. Conducting a language design for deductive spreadsheets. This will include syntax and semantics of textual and gestural operators that will be used by end users for encoding their problem. 2. Developing translators for converting the encoded problems in deductive spreadsheets into logic programs that will execute on the XSB tabled logic programming system. 3. Developing the computing infrastructure to experiment with the language design choices from the twin perspectives of their expressive power and end user usability. These design choices will emerge from the exercise of encoding a variety of problems using the spreadsheet metaphor. This exercise will be conducted in Phase I and the problems will be drawn from different application domains to provide the breadth needed to design a robust language.

ARTICULATE SOFTWARE 278 Monroe Dr #30 Mountain View, CA 94040
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 996-1919 Mr. Adam Pease DARPA 04-041 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Tactical Group Decision Analysis Support System
Abstract:	This proposal offers a program of research that will lead to the design and demonstration of a method for improved rapid decision making. Our method makes use of judgmental inputs from diverse experts who might be widely separated geographically and attitudinally. It accepts the judgmental inputs in structure form and in natural language, synthesizes the judgments, generates and ranks alternative approaches to the solution of tactical or strategic problems, highlights risks and uncertainties, allows focus on areas of disagreement among the experts, and scores the decisions on the basis of precisely stated criteria. This proposal requires application of the science of decision theory, as well as the application of advanced software. We will bring to bear two areas of decision theory: decision modeling, a technique for identifying an alternative which best satisfies previously stated optimization criteria and Delphi, a technique for collecting expert judgments.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Subrata K. Das DARPA 04-041 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Rapid Evidence Aggregation Supporting Optimal Negotiation (REASON)
Abstract:	Significant research has been undertaken to develop rigorous decision-making processes under the umbrella discipline of Decision Analysis. Unfortunately, most of these systems require a facilitator and are designed for time scales that make them inappropriate in tactical situations. We propose to develop a groupware system for Rapid Expertise Aggregation Supporting Optimal Negotiation (REASON) that avoids the need for a facilitator and supports collaborative decision-making in dynamic, time critical situations. Our target domain in the Phase I work will be tactical decision making for the warfighter. The REASON platform leverages our in-house probabilistic argumentation engine for aggregating uncertain data. We propose to apply cutting edge research on collaborative artifacts, called Coordinating Representations, to improve coordination and reduce the amount of communication that needs to take place within a team. Additionally, REASON will automatically direct the conversation between collaborators in order to streamline the decision-making process, and reduce overall uncertainty.

PERCEPTRONICS SOLUTIONS, INC. 3527 Beverly Glen Blvd. Sherman Oaks, CA 91423
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 259-4278 Dr. Amos Freedy DARPA 04-041 Awarded: 07DEC04
Title:	Model-Centered Tactical Group Decision Analysis System
Abstract:	At the center of today's military command and control operations is the need for distributed real-time collaborative tactical planning and decision-making associated with rapidly changing events as well as with response to asymmetric warfare and counter-terrorist operations. Of particular concern is collaboration across services, agencies and organizations, or in operations involving coalition partners dispersed in different geographical locations. Associated with this critical need is the problem of aiding and enhancing the capabilities for tactical decision making by such distributed collaborative groups. It is clear that computer support systems provide the logical path, but to date no fully satisfactory solution has emerged, in large part because current solutions have focused primarily on the decision process and not on the decision product. Our proposed solution returns the computer support process to a rigorous, model-based decision analytical focus that has previously proved successful, and augments this basic approach with the latest research in cognitive decision aiding -- including influence diagrams, mental models and critical thinking concepts. In particular, our technical approach builds on a seminal DARPA-sponsored R&D project on computer-based group decision aiding performed earlier by Perceptronics Solutions personnel. The results of this innovative research that computer-aided structuring of the group decision processes around sound decision analytic models helps bring the group to convergence and increases the depth of its problem analysis by insuring that more time is spent in quantitative interaction. We also plan to leverage the recent multi-million dollar DARPA investment in Groove infrastructure and tools to provide a readymade, Web based collaborative environment for the proposed system.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(206) 545-1478 Dr. Tamitha Carpenter DARPA 04-041 Awarded: 26OCT04
Title:	Self-Facilitating Group Decision Analysis and Tracking in Tactical Time Scales
Abstract:	We propose an innovative software system that offers the benefits of systematic group decision analysis, within tactical timescales and without requiring an expert facilitator. To accomplish this, our system will accumulate and index knowledge (e.g., variables, issues, constraints, and relationships) that recurs over the course of large numbers of problem solving sessions within a given domain (e.g., Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT)). This knowledge, retrieved and adapted (potentially in a piecemeal fashion), will prime the decision modeling pump - moving decision makers to more complete/correct problem specifications in shorter time. In addition, our system will utilize an interactive coaching capability to facilitate the migration from qualitative problem descriptions to quantitative models in a stepwise manner that promotes emotional and cognitive commitment by participants, maintains links to individual contributions, and allows transition back-and-forth across the gap between qualitative and quantitative models. This approach will provide transparency to the content, inputs, and rationale associated with group decision analysis model(s), which in turn will support more efficient restructuring. Finally, we will employ two recently developed techniques to track the validity of decision assumptions in the face of new information. In Phase I we will prove the feasibility of this approach via prototype.

CHI SYSTEMS, INC. 1035 Virginia Drive, Suite 300 Fort Washington, PA 19034
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 618-1060 Mr. Ken Graves DARPA 04-042 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Mapped Optimal Ad-Hoc Teams (MOAT)
Abstract:	Implementation of new doctrine in structures such as the Unit of Action (UA) has resulted in command organizations that are distributed, fluid, and highly mobile, in contrast to legacy organizational structures which relied on a co-location in a 'big tent.' Battle lab experiments show that commanders and executive officers can easily lose awareness of the situation with their distributed staff organization under this transformation, creating a key need for tools and visualizations to help them (re-)gain this aspect of the operational picture. In addition, when they decide (ideally supported by cues in that interface) to constitute or investigate the status of ad hoc teams, they need a system with sufficient knowledge of capability and expertise to help them efficiently determine any deficiencies and what actions to take. We propose a tool we call MOAT (Mapped Optimal Ad-hoc Teams) to meet this need. MOAT incorporates an innovative integration of technologies from several fields, including social network analysis, risk analysis, cognitive agents, human-computer interaction, and battlespace visualization techniques. The Phase I effort will design the key components and integration strategies for MOAT, as well as create a proof-of-concept software prototype.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 616-1291 Dr. Eric A. Domeshek DARPA 04-042 Awarded: 28OCT04
Title:	Virtual Intelligent Collaboration for Task Organization and Resource Scheduling
Abstract:	The need to make rapid and well-informed decisions about custom task organizations or ad-hoc problem-focused staffing is shared by organizations large and small, but is especially critical to the military. The problem has components of (1) resource discovery and characterization, (2) task analysis and needs identification, and (3) flexible interactive and justifiable dynamic scheduling. We propose to develop a system to support Virtual Intelligent Collaboration for Task Organization and Resource Scheduling (VICTORS). VICTORS will combine (a) distributed text mining and data query, (b) social network exploitation, (c) task model acquisition, (d) policy representation and reasoning, and (e) flexible interactive scheduling tools. During Phase I, we propose to address the first three of these technologies, in descending order of emphasis. Following on requirements analysis and technical surveys, we will develop a limited proof-of-concept prototype that illustrates some of the most promising techniques, focusing on lowering the costs and raising the precision of information extraction techniques. Our Phase I results will include a preliminary Phase II system design and work plan, pointing the way towards a complete solution to the team formation problem.

AETHER WIRE & LOCATION, INC. 5950 Lucas Valley Road Nicasio, CA 94946
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 400-0785 Mr. Vincent Coli DARPA 04-043 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	RF Time of Flight Ranging Techniques for Self-Localization of Microsensors
Abstract:	We are developing integrated ultra-wideband transceivers, called Localizers, for precise position location and low datarate communication. Localizers determine location by sharing range information within a network of units distributed in the environment. The range between pairs of Localizers is determined by cooperatively exchanging ultra-wideband signals consisting of coded sequences of impulses. As Localizers are activated, each acquires as many contacts as possible. As local groups of nodes form into clusters, nodes in one cluster link with one or more nodes in other clusters, forming bridges between the clusters. Range information is constantly shared so that all Localizers are aware of all other Localizers in the network. Using precise timing techniques, the Localizers are able to establish these ranges to an accuracy of about a centimeter. The Localizer system has been under development for the last eleven years. Currently, it is being applied to the identification and location of assets at naval storage and shipping facilities. Under this, and other development projects sponsored by the DoD, the device is now reaching the demonstration stage. We plan to apply our Localizer technology and expertise to research RF Time of Flight Ranging Techniques for Self-Localization of Microsensors.

TIME DOMAIN CORP. 7057 Old Madison Pike, Suite 250 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 428-6326 Mr. Alan Petroff DARPA 04-043 Awarded: 08DEC04
Title:	Self-Localization of MicroSensors using Ultra-Wideband RF
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to investigate and provide an Ultra-Wideband Time of Flight (TOF) ranging system for determining inter-node separation distance, and location of, nodes in a wireless sensor network. Ranging/location capability is important to these applications, because correlating sensor data with physical location increases the value of the sensor data. As TDC has already demonstrated the required performance in similar, although not identical, environments we believe that the project is feasible. Our approach will be to 1) define the system requirements, 2) characterize the phenomenology associated with typical Unattended Ground Sensor environments, 3) perform a study to identify techniques that meet the requirements of large scale deployment of wireless sensor networks, and 4) propose a plan for implementing a prototype device in Phase II. Requirements based metrics will be developed to assess the practicality of RF based ranging systems. Key parameters include: power consumption per measurement, probability of successful range measurement, unit size and mass. TDC expects that completion of this project will prepare the way for a Phase II demonstration of a device, incorporated with a government selected sensor, that provides self-location.

ORBITS LIGHTWAVE, INC. 101 waverly Drive Pasadena, CA 91105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 795-0667 Dr. Yaakov Shevy DARPA 04-044 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	Narrow-Linewidth 1550 Nanometer Laser Oscillator
Abstract:	This is a proposal to investigate the feasibility of a high power, single mode, low noise and narrow linewidth fiber laser based on a "virtual ring" laser cavity. This novel laser architecture enables traveling-wave oscillation in a compact, linear and all-fiber cavity. The traveling wave laser field eliminates "spatial hole burning", a feat usually achieved only in a ring laser. This significantly improves the laser power, the signal-to-noise ratio, linewidth, and the side-mode suppression to unprecedented levels.

PRINCETON OPTRONICS, INC. PO Box 8627 Princeton, NJ 08543
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 584-9696 Dr. Laury Watkins DARPA 04-044 Awarded: 22NOV04
Title:	Narrow-Linewidth 1550 Nanometer Laser Oscillator
Abstract:	Many DoD applications benefit from coherent detection and processing techniques which require laser linewidths at or below the 1 kHz range and ultra low laser RIN yielding shot noise limited performance at high photocurrents. In addition, many of these applications need higher power of 200mW which is much more than the typical 20mW available with standard semiconductor lasers for telecommunications. Diode-pumped fiber and solid-state lasers, are considered prime candidates for meeting the aggressive laser performance specifications required for many demanding DoD applications . Princeton Optronics has developed a tunable laser based on diode-pumped solid-state technology. The cavity design and gain characteristics have been optimized to deliver a very high performance including high side mode suppression ratio, narrow line width and ultra low RIN. The output power of the standard device is 20mW. The laser design is currently optimized for the telecom applications and has full tuning over the ITU C-band wavelength of 1528-1564nm. Princeton Optronics proposes to improve the power level, linewidth and wavelength stability of the laser by a series of technology improvements including wavelength locker accuracy, gain optimization and thermal and mechanical stabilization. In Phase I of this program the we will develop the design of the narrow linewidth laser oscillator with high power output. To support this design experiments would be performed on the Princeton Optronics laser using an improved locker and control electronics. The power level of the laser will be improved to the level of 80-100mW using innovative thermal design for the pump and the gain medium. Data from the analysis and experiments would be used to show the technology path for the final laser design that would meet the requirements for the program. In phase II, we will design and build lasers with power exceeding 200mW with kHz level of line width and stability.

NANONEX CORP. 1 Deer Park Drive, Suite O Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 355-1600 Mr. Larry Koecher DARPA 04-045 Awarded: 14DEC04
Title:	Innovative Nanoimprint Lithography Mask Technology for Sub-45 nm Features
Abstract:	The objective of the proposal is to explore and develop innovative nanoimprint lithography (NIL) mask technologies including mask structures, mask fabrication methods and mask coatings. These new technologies will significantly improve the quality and lower the cost of NIL masks and NIL processes for sub-45 nm nodes. We will investigate the creation of uniform mask feature protrusion heights, methods and mask structures for more accurate pattern placement in NIL mask fabrication, methods of reduction of line edge roughness in NIL mask fabrication, fast ebeam resists, test structures to determine NIL mask distortions, a method of in-situ application of NIL mask anti-adhesion coatings, and a study of mask costs. As a company with many years of pioneer work in NIL masking and the only company who has made sub-10 nm NIL masks, the proposed research will lead to significant advances in low-cost and high resolution NIL mask technology.

TANNER RESEARCH, INC. 2650 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena, CA 91107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 792-3000 Dr. Ravi Verma DARPA 04-045 Awarded: 08NOV04
Title:	Low Cost Nanolithography Techniques Using Elastomer Shrinkage and/or Plasmon Confinement
Abstract:	Nanolithography remains the critical hurdle in developing and commercializing new nanotechnology devices. A low cost nanolithography technique must be developed if the promise of nanotechnology is to be fully realized. Tanner Research and Stanford University are proposing two new nanolithography techniques based on elastomer shrinkage and plasmon confinement. Both of these techniques will be pursued in parallel during Phase I wherein we will demonstrate the proof of concept for lithography at 35-40 nm feature sizes, mitigate the associated risk areas, and develop specific applications for the two techniques.

INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING MATERIALS, LLC 5764 Shellmound Street Emeryville, CA 94608
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 420-3790 Dr. Sharad Hajela DARPA 04-046 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced, Regenerable Chemical and Biological Filters
Abstract:	The two major goals of this project are to achieve HEPA-like particle capture efficiency at a significantly reduced pressure drop and to incorporate into air filters a safe and effective means to efficiently capture and neutralize pernicious chemical and biological agents. We propose two novel advanced air filtration technologies: (1) direct-cast microsieve filters and (2) reactive nano-coatings. The unique design of Innovative Construction and Building Materials (ICBM) microsieve filters will provide 100 % capture efficiency of bio-aerosols in the 1 - 10 micron size range while operating at a fraction of the pressure drop of a HEPA filter. Reactive nano-coatings on fibrous filter media will efficiently capture and neutralize chemical weapon agents (CWA) at substantially reduced pressure drop compared to current gas filtration technologies. Furthermore, the ICBM microsieve and reactive nano-coating technologies will be combined to create the new standard for HVAC and gas mask applications by providing highly efficient broad spectrum protection against chemical weapons and bio-aerosols at a fraction of the operating cost of current measures. The initial phase of advanced filter development is described herein.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Gregory Zeltser DARPA 04-046 Awarded: 18NOV04
Title:	Nanoporous Photocatalytic Filter
Abstract:	To address DARPA interest in a revolutionary air filtration technology that both captures and neutralizes chemical and biological agents with high efficiency and low resistance to airflow, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a novel Nanoporous Photocatalytic Filter (NPF). NPF is based on a new filtering medium, which will serve as a matrix for the induction of a cold glow plasma discharge and photocatalytic reaction. This technology has a higher capture efficiency, longer lifetime, and lower pressure drop than state-of-the-art approaches, and the NPF filter is self-cleaning and easily regenerable. The NPF system will help protect military personnel, first responders, and the public from chemical and biological agents. In Phase I POC will design and fabricate an NPF prototype and demonstrate the proof-of-concept. Phase II will culminate in a compact filter suitable for testing with live agents at Government-selected facilities.

SELDON LABORATORIES, LLC 7 Everett Lane, Suite One, Door 18 Windsor, VT 05089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(802) 672-2444 Mr. Christopher Cooper DARPA 04-046 Awarded: 01DEC04
Title:	Regenerable Fused Carbon Nanotube Filters for CB Agents
Abstract:	Regenerable HEPA air filters of high reliability and efficiency, which not only capture but inactivate toxic chemical and biological warfare/terrorism agents, are urgently required for personal protective equipment for first responders and soldiers, and for building HVAC systems. These filters must have low resistance to air flow and long lifetimes, and not allow captured toxic materials to be released. This program will apply the revolutionary technology of Seldon Laboratories' proprietary fused carbon nanotube membranes for the protection of individuals as well as buildings. Filter membranes will be constructed, and will be tested for effectiveness against contaminants analogous to relevant toxins. They will be regenerated while their performance and condition are monitored, to determine feasibility of regeneration in actual CB agent protective applications. Based on test data obtained for different combinations of filter designs and regeneration methods, prototype filters will be designed in Phase I. They will be constructed in the Phase I Option period, and in Phase II further evaluated, optimized, then tested with live agents in simulated conditions representative of field use in CBW/terrorism scenarios.

OPEL 22 Quail Run Road Storrs/Mansfield, CT 06268
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 486-3466 Dr. Heath Opper DARPA 04-047 Awarded: 29NOV04
Title:	Monolithic technology for Wafer Scale Phased Arrays
Abstract:	Phased arrays are critical for locating and tracking. Current TR modules use multiple MMIC chips, ferrite circulators and quasi-optical true-time-delay (TTD). Chip integration is not possible and interconnecting with GHZ RF outputs is a complicated board problem with little scalability to higher bandwidth, smaller size and lower power. OPEL proposes a monolithic IC solution based upon novel optoelectronic (OE) thryistor circuit design. Thyristor/HFET circuits implement TTD without a physical delay line and a novel power amplifier with a thyristor as an OE oscillator driving a Class E output. The receive channel is implemented with a thyristor LNA/mixer to achieve down-conversion with gain which is digitized with a new �A-�' modulator. A thyristor based ripple counter implements a serializer circuit and produces the inverse TTD function for return signals without a physical delay line. Both T and R channels are integrated using a novel dielectric isolation. Optical and RF signal paths are maximized and minimized respectively to achieve a dramatic reduction in size weight and loss. As a monolithic circuit, wafer scale interconnect is implemented with a single interconnect mask. A 3�" GaAs wafer can produce an array of about 16x16 integrated modules. OPEL will demonstrate this wafer scale integration

TIALINX, INC. 8 Halley Irvine, CA 92612
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 285-6255 Dr. FRED MOHAMADI DARPA 04-047 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	Integrated Wafer Phased-Array Antenna
Abstract:	In response to this SBIR solicitation, wafer scale integration of cell array composed of integrated antenna and RF circuit is addressed for beamforming applications. The technology provides future opportunities to deploy highly integrated radar systems-on-wafer suitable for small footprint, fully electronically controlled and low cost military and commercial applications. Challenges in design of Si-based substrate RF blocks, RF signal distribution to each element, impact of signal attenuation and cross-talk, accuracy required in phase resolution and beam width management, noise cancellation, DC signal distribution, and intelligent control of beamforming for tracking as well as beam steering are addressed. Preliminary solutions have been advised for in-depth evaluation during phase I. Various scenarios have been depicted for phase II implementation.

CENTEYE, INC. 6 Logan Circle NW, Suite 5 Washington, DC 20005
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 238-9545 Dr. Geoffrey L. Barrows DARPA 04-048 Awarded: 10JAN05
Title:	UAV Survivability Enhancement via Agile Maneuvering in Dynamic Environments
Abstract:	A significant challenge in the field of uninhabited air vehicles (UAVs), particularly micro air vehicles (MAVs), is that of navigating through a complex environment such as deep in the urban canyon or underneath a forest canopy. Such environments are filled with a variety of hazards, ranging from large buildings and trees to thin cables and potentially other threatening airborne objects. We propose an active perception system capable of sensing and avoiding the most difficult of these hazards. This system makes use of an optic flow microsensors, an "active perception unit" that interprets optic flow patterns to detect hazards, MEMS gyros, and a "control unit" that guides a UAV through trajectories creating useful optic flow patterns for perception. This system is intended to be used on fixed-wing micro air vehicles.

NASCENT TECHNOLOGY CORP. 37 Liberty Avenue Lexington, MA 02420
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 968-4552 Dr. James D. Paduano DARPA 04-048 Awarded: 10JAN05
Title:	UAV Survivability Enhancement via Agile Maneuvering in Dynamic Environments
Abstract:	The overall goal of the program is to demonstrate optic flow for aggressive, obstacle-avoiding flight, and to develop a vehicle that incorporates the necessary flight capabilities, guidance and control, and hardware for swallow-like flight and landing. The NTC/MIT autonomous helicopter (AHMMH-1) will act as a demonstrator vehicle for demonstration of static and dynamic obstacle avoidance. Combined reactive (insect-like) avoidance behaviors will be combined with dynamic planning based on receding horizon Mixed Integer-Linear Programming (MILP) and other dynamic planning architectures within the robust maneuver automaton (RMA) structure that is already supported by the AHMMH-1. The RMA approach provides a natural way to accommodate external events (sudden appearance of unknown obstacles, flying too close to known obstacles due to estimation errors, completely reactive navigation through cluttered spaces), and as such forms the baseline architecture for our planned developments.

MIDE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 200 Boston Avenue Suite 1000 Medford, MA 02155
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 306-0609 Dr. Marthinus van Schoor DARPA 04-049 Awarded: 09NOV04
Title:	Hybrid morphing actuators
Abstract:	A novel hybrid actuator is proposed where fast response small amplitude actuator is combined with a slower high authority actuator to control the flight path of a gun launched munition. The focus of the effort will be to develop a g-hardened hybrid actuator that can be implemented at low cost to existing gun launched rounds. The fast response actuator will be based on the SmartAct technology developed for the U.S. Army and the slower high authority actuator will utilize bi-stable snap-through shape memory alloy actuators to minimize power. In Phase I, systems studies will be performed to identify requirements for a suite of munitions in the 120mm to 150mm class of munitions including rocket propelled grenades. Trade studies will evaluate various concepts against performance metrics such as weight, response time, power, enhanced flight envelope capability, cost and reliabilityPhase II will develop and fabricate a proof of flight control enhancement concept model. Wind-tunnel tests will be used to evaluate and characterize performance.

TECHNO-SCIENCES, INC. 10001 Derekwood Lane, Suite 204 Lanham, MD 20706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 577-6000 Dr. Peter Chen DARPA 04-049 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Agile Maneuvering Using Dynamic Control Surface Morphing
Abstract:	Techno-Sciences, Inc. (TSi), in collaboration with ILC Dover, Inc. (ILC) proposes to design and develop deployable control surfaces that can exploit innovative adaptive and morphing structures technology at minimal cost and weight to achieve highly maneuverable munitions that can be retasked to achieve new mission objectives. The deployable control system that will be retro-fit capable to the 155mm Howitzer, will feature an inflatable wing actuated by Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) materials.

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8 Phase I Selections from the 04.3 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

LAMBDA SCIENCE, INC. P.O. Box 238 Wayne, PA 19087
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 581-7940 Dr. Kenneth Abend SOCOM 04-006 Awarded: 05JAN05
Title:	SOF Tactical Repeater
Abstract:	A SOF Tactical Repeater will be a small, rugged, lightweight, programmable, easily deployed, software radio repeater that can be awakened via RF, by an authorized user, from a passive sleep mode. One or more antennae should be deployed away from RF shadowing, with line of sight to all users. In Phase I, Lambda Science will develop emplacement / antenna deployment methods, standby / wake-up methods, perform a top level design using COTS components, simulate and emulate the repeater's operation and signal processing algorithms in MATLAB, and evaluate the design in terms of size, weight, and cost. In Phase II, an experimental breadboard repeater will be created from a pair of existing military radios and a prototype SOF repeater will be designed, built, and tested using modern military radios.

NOMADICS, INC. 1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Mr. Dean Feken SOCOM 04-006 Awarded: 17DEC04
Title:	Miniaturized Low Power Tactical Repeater System
Abstract:	Short range line-of-site communication is an integral part of the SOF mission. In nearly all regions where SOF operations take place, there is little if any short-range line-of-site communications infrastructure that can support these missions. The objective of this project is to design and eventually build a small (less that 64 cubic inches, targeted) lightweight (less than 1 lb. targeted), man portable, channelized tactical repeater system for operation in the VHF and UHF frequency bands. The system will support voice and data both encrypted and un-encrypted radio relay over line-of-site. In Phase I, Nomadics will research and assess conventional repeater techniques and develop methods to minimize weight, size, power requirements, and cost while maximizing performance of the conventional repeater system. Nomadics will the design the repeater system with special consideration of urban and rural radio path requirements, antenna requirements and availability, modes of operation including voice, data, and encrypted voice and data, and deployment methods including hand, weapon delivery, robotic, UAV, and air emplacement.

NOVA ENGINEERING, INC. 5 Circle Freeway Drive Cincinnati, OH 45246
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 642-3208 Dr. David Hartup SOCOM 04-006 Awarded: 06JAN05
Title:	SOF Tactical Repeater
Abstract:	Special Operations Forces face a variety of scenarios that limit communications. Blockage by urban structures, urban and rural terrain obstacles, and a desire for over-the-horizon communication dictate the need for a tactical repeater. The proposed research will analyze candidate repeater architectures. Emphasis will be placed on cost, size, weight, power, functionality, time-to-market, ruggedness, and ability to be upgraded. The repeater will be designed to operate at VHF and UHF, and will be compatible with radios and waveforms currently used by Special Operations Forces. Attention will be given to system issues to insure the repeater fits in seamlessly with current hardware. For example, cosite issues will be carefully examined. The architecture will also be chosen such that use of the repeater will not involve soldier interaction that would detract from the main purpose of a mission. The hardware architecture will be designed to accept several types of power sources, including external power.

FRONT EDGE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 13455 Brooks Drive, Suite A Baldwin Park, CA 91706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 856-8979 Dr. Simon K. Nieh SOCOM 04-008 Awarded: 27NOV04
Title:	Alternative Power Sources
Abstract:	This program will develop a series of lightweight highly-reliable power sources (5, 10, and 25Wh/day capacities) for installation by SOF at remote sensor sites. Front Edge Technology's (FET's) proposed approach is to integrate ultra-high-reliability solar cells and FET's new long-life solid-state energy-storage-device into a robust lightweight "Power Module". The module components will be similar to those now being used by FET to develop a man-wearable solar-power system for Marine expeditionary forces. FET's preliminary design of a 10Wh/day Power Module measures only 5" x 7", weighs approximately half a pound, and is expected to have 4-year reliability of 99+%. Phase I of the proposed program will produce a breadboard, design studies, simulated life testing, and three optimized designs. Full-size fully-operational 25Wh/day prototypes will be fabricated and tested during Phase II.

SMARTSPARK ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. 60 E. Hazelwood Dr. Champaign, IL 61820
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 344-6044 Mr. Brian T. Kuhn SOCOM 04-008 Awarded: 29OCT04
Title:	Alternative Power Sources
Abstract:	SmartSpark Energy Systems proposes a battery-free power supply for unattended field use that combines advanced power electronics with state-of-the-art photovoltaics and high-density double-layer capacitors. The technical challenges are to develop and apply sophisticated power electronics for optimal energy management of a photovoltaic source, to store the energy efficiently in a reversible process over thousands of cycles, to provide tightly regulated dc power supply outputs, and to package the system to be waterproof and reliable under harsh weather conditions. The expected outcome is a modular system that can produce power unattended for at least four years while delivering energy of 5 W-hr/day, scalable to 10 W-hr/day and 25 W-hr/day. SmartSpark plans to combine its patented solar power processing and energy storage management inventions with innovations in power electronics control to achieve the technical objectives. The objectives include efficient energy conversion from photovoltaics even at low and variable light levels, energy storage input-output efficiency exceeding 80%, outputs that support standard 12 V, 5 V, and 3.3 V loads, and a package that allows the system to reach 100,000 hr computed mean-time-between-failure in wet environments. A system is planned that achieves this with a 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) mass and volume under four liters.

BREAULT RESEARCH ORGANIZATION 6400 E. Grant Road, Suite 350 Tucson, AZ 85715
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 721-0500 Mr. Mark Fink SOCOM 04-009 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	Image Intensified Lightweight Lens Development
Abstract:	In recent engagements, the military has employed unconventional methods to gain a tactical advantage. One of these methods is increased night patrols and night combat operations using night vision goggles. Even though the capabilities of these devices have increased, they are still large and heavy, which reduces individual mobility and increases soldier fatigue. The classical approach at reducing system weight is to replace the glass lenses with plastic components. However, this has had limited success because of the large index difference between glass and plastic and the large focus shift with temperature from plastic components. We propose a new approach where the requirements for the application match the performance of the light-weight, all plastic lens, NVG system. We will survey and analyze existing NVG systems and select a system whose performance and layout allow the glass lenses to be replaced with plastic lenses. We will also investigate different mechanical housing configurations using dissimilar metals and composite materials to compensate the focus shift from changes in temperature. By this approach, we will develop new processes that will further develop the capabilities of light weight night vision optics.

GRAFLEX, INC. 1281 N. Ocean Drive Suite 201, Singer Island Riviera Beach, FL 33404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(561) 842-4060 Mr. Brad Ganther SOCOM 04-009 Awarded: 01DEC04
Title:	Image Intensified Lightweight Lens Development
Abstract:	Formulate a low risk, design, development and produceablility plan for a lighweight, high performance fixed focal length and stepped zoom lenses suitable for visible and near IR imaging applications, such applications will include intensified direct viewing devices and man portable, day/intensified night video surveillance systems. Primary emphasis will be directed to maximum long range target surveillance requirements subject to practical portability considerations.

OPTICS 1, INC. 3050 E Hillcrest Drive, Suite 100 Westlake Village, CA 91362
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 296-0469 Mr. Jeff Daiker SOCOM 04-009 Awarded: 09NOV04
Title:	Image Intensified Lightweight Lens Development
Abstract:	The goal of the program is conduct research and trade studies to determine solutions for an advanced, lightweight, long range image intensified zoom lens system. The development will include research into the latest optical design techniques as well as advanced materials which will provide performance superior to the standard aluminum alloys used in military sights.

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125 Phase I Selections from the 04.3 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

JONAS, INC. 1113 Faun Road Wilmington, DE 19803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(302) 478-1375 Dr. Otakar Jonas OSD 04-C01 Awarded: 15FEB05
Title:	Smart Water Piping Corrosion and Scale Monitor
Abstract:	This proposal covers the development and prototype testing of a new Smart Water Piping Corrosion and Scale Monitor for use in the main types of water based utility systems including: potable, closed and open cooling water, condensate, feedwater, and, after the project completion, electric cable cooling. The Monitor will have three main components: a new multi-parameter Corrosion and Scale Sensor, WaterExpert expert system (completion in Phase II), and control of chemical addition equipment by the expert system. The anticipated characteristics of the monitor are: multiple sensor surface probe; in-line, real time, direct detection of corrosion, scale, and MIC, comparison of monitored data to known corrosion rates and potential-pH data (diagrams), direct corrosion rate measurement with sensitivity less than 0.01 mm/year, feedback to chemical addition equipment, covers a variety of water systems, water chemistries, and materials, recommends optimum water treatment, rugged design, easy to replace (optional - replacement during operation), learning from experience (smart), automatic reporting and data storage for up to ten years, and as an option, can be installed on a short bypass loop outside of the pipe.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Tom Wavering OSD 04-C01 Awarded: 08FEB05
Title:	Fiber optic water corrosivity monitoring system
Abstract:	Water piping systems maintenance is challenging due to cost and difficulty of maintaining optimal water chemistry. Advanced corrosion control systems are needed to actively monitor water corrosivity as feedback for the injection of green chemicals to maintain optimal water chemistry. Advanced corrosion control for water piping systems will result in reduced manpower costs and increased component life cycles. The Department of Defense estimates that a 1% improvement in Army utility O&M performance can save $18 million per year. To address this critical military need, Luna Innovations proposes to develop an optical fiber-based real-time water corrosivity monitoring system. The Phase I program will focus on the development and demonstration of the proposed sensor technology. The focus of the Phase II program will be to optimize sensor performance and validate performance through field testing. Luna has assembled the highly qualified, multidisciplinary team required for a successful program and has a history of bringing novel research from the laboratory to commercial markets.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Mr. Edward J. Salley OSD 04-C02 Awarded: 21JAN05
Title:	A Water Sealant with Anti-microbial Functionality Developed for Concrete Surfaces and Deposited by Electrophoresis (7265-060)
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. proposes to electrophoretically deposit a coating of lithium silicate and photoactive titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto concrete providing a totally inorganic, room-temperature cured, concrete sealant. This coating scheme will be shown to not only reduce water permeability but will also benefit from the antimicrobial properties of the reactive titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The photoactive nature of the titanium dioxide will inhibit bacteria, mold, fungus, and algae growth on the concrete surface providing added long-term benefit. Phase 1 will validate the advantages of the proposed method via reduction in water permeability and demonstration of the anti-microbial functionality of the coating.

SPACE HARDWARE OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGY, INC. 7200 Highway 150 Greenville, IN 47124
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 923-9591 Dr. Paul Todd OSD 04-C02 Awarded: 02FEB05
Title:	Investigation of Electrophoresis as a Novel Coating Mechanism for Sealing Concrete
Abstract:	The U.S. Government is a heavy user of concrete structures for below-grade facilities, waterway, and marine applications. High hydraulic permeability of the concrete in these structures produces water intrusion into protected areas and accelerated corrosion of structures beyond their useful limits, necessitating costly maintenance, repairs and replacement. In response to this overwhelming problem, SHOT proposes to develop a novel coating system that uses electrophoresis for sealing concrete. Our research suggests that through an electrophoretic process, nanometer scale particles can be migrated into hardened cement paste, resulting in dramatically lower hydraulic permeability. Our previous experience in developing electrophoretic hardware provides an ideal foundation for the development of new hardware for application of this unique process. Our team will design and develop an ideal sealant/coating solution, as well as the equipment required to test coated concrete samples for their hydraulic permeability. The results of this testing and analysis will guide SHOT in designing equipment and optimizing the treatment coating solutions. The end product expected is a viable and effective concrete coating system we have called the SHOTr Electrophoretic Sealing System, which we plan to market under the trade name E-Seal.

FARADAY TECHNOLOGY, INC. 315 Huls Drive Clayton, OH 45315
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 836-7749 Dr. Maria Inman OSD 04-C03 Awarded: 22FEB05
Title:	High Frequency Pulse Reverse Electrochemical Treatment of Concrete for Mitigation of Corrosion
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR program addresses the critical need for effective dechlorination methods for corrosion protection of bridge deck and piers at US Army facilities. This program proposes an innovative electrochemical technology for dechlorination of concrete, which is cost-effective and suitable for large scale field applications, and adaptable to complex geometries while protecting the rebar within the concrete from further corrosion. The Phase I program will show that the proposed technology will remove chloride contaminants from concrete under an applied high frequency pulse reverse electric field, and accelerate the mass transport rate of ions, lowering operating costs and treatment times. To protect the rebar from corrosion during and after this process, corrosion inhibitors will be driven into the concrete structure using the applied electric field, and the rebar will also be protected using a pulsed cathodic protection system. The project team consists of Faraday Technology, Inc., an electrochemical engineering company that develops high frequency pulse reverse processes, and Terran Corporation, an environmental engineering firm specializing in the field installation and monitoring of direct current (DC) electroosmotic and electrokinetic remediation processes. The Phase I results would be transitioned into field trials in a Phase II program.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Dr. Bryan Koene OSD 04-C04 Awarded: 10FEB05
Title:	Intelligent Coatings for Self-Healing and Corrosion Control
Abstract:	The bulk of current military coatings are expensive, contain volatile organics, and are labor intensive to apply. Much of these costs are associated with the scraping and repainting of metal materials (20% of the $10 billion in estimated Army corrosion-related costs). There is a tremendous need to develop intelligent coatings that can perform numerous functions above those historically demanded of coatings. Luna is addressing this need to enhance the service life of steel structures by developing an intelligent coating that will respond to a damage event to the coating and release (1) film-formers to heal the wound, (2) corrosion inhibitors to provide additional corrosion prevention to the site, and (3) passive indicators to mark the coating damage zone to alert maintenance personnel. In this Phase I SBIR, Luna will combine our recent successes in corrosion prevention, water-borne resin development, and specialty coating formulations chemistry using microcapsules to design a unique coating system that has the potential to meet multiple damage challenges to the same location.

NOMADICS, INC. 1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Dr. Sarah Westcott OSD 04-C04 Awarded: 22FEB05
Title:	Silica-Based Corrosion Protection Microcapsules
Abstract:	Painting metal provides excellent corrosion protection, as long as the paint remains intact. However, if the paint peels or becomes chipped after an impact, corrosion can occur in the revealed metallic area and even spread underneath the paint. Therefore, regular inspection and maintenance are required to ensure that the paint remains undamaged. Repairs may be required for damage that occurs between inspections. As an alternative microcapsules incorporated in the paint can be used to store film-forming and corrosion preventative agents. When the paint is damaged, these agents are released and reform the paint before corrosion occurs. While microcapsules to incorporate water-insoluble pigments, organic monomers and organic corrosion inhibitors have been demonstrated, there has been little work with ionic, water-soluble corrosion inhibitors. Nomadics will apply our extensive experience in advanced materials to use silica-based microcapsules that contain water-soluble materials to supplement polymeric-capsules containing organic materials. These additives will help to achieve self-healing coatings that will have numerous applications in military and private sector applications.

CEMENT CHEMISTRY SYSTEMS, LP 1445 EAVES SPRING ROAD MALVERN, PA 19355
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(800) 871-5291 Mr. BRUCE GRANT OSD 04-C05 Awarded: 24FEB05
Title:	Concrete Admixtures that Defend against Salt Scaling and Freeze-Thaw
Abstract:	In cold climates, concretes are susceptible to deterioration from the combination of the use of deicing salts and cyclic freezing and thawing cycles. The presence of salts is reported to exacerbate the susceptibility of concrete to freeze-thaw deterioration. IPANEX is an admixture that has been in use for nearly 30 years and has a long track record of compatibility with plasticizers and air entraining admixtures. The mechanism by which IPANEX functions, however, has only recently been established. With the development of the understanding of how it works has come greater insight into applications beyond the initial scope of its usage. IPANEX is composed of 5 to 20 nanometer-sized particles of C-S-H [hydrous calcium silicate] that in application, seed the growth of C-S-H from the hydration of tri-calcium silicate. Seeding with nanometer-sized seeds means that a small dose rate will result in a large number of seeds distributed throughout the mass concrete. These seeds have the effect of removing the supersaturation that occurs with tri-calcium silicate and providing a more homogeneous microstructure. As part of this refined microstructure, there are no large growths of calcium hydroxide crystals; not even at the aggregate low density zones. The controlled growth does not necessarily result in less pores but rather in a pore structure that is generally finer. IPANEX will impact any process that relies upon the movement of fluids [water or gases] through the pore system of a concrete. As water freezes, it draws additional fluids from the gel pores, if the critical concentration of water in capillary pores is less than 91.7%, or if water can not be drawn from the gel pores, freeze-thaw deterioration will not be a problem. Furthermore, because of the pore sizes, water will not freeze in capillary pores. One school of thought on freeze-thaw deterioration suggests that osmotic pressures which develop between the freezing water in large pores and the capillary porosity result in different alkali concentrations and hence different pressure is a more or less significant contribution to this mode of deterioration. It is however considered as a major factor in salt scaling. The objective of this SBIR will be to demonstrate that IPANEX is compatible with air-entraining admixtures and will improve the durability of the concrete to salt scaling through the improvement in the microstructural development of the concrete.

BLUE ROAD RESEARCH Clear Creek Business Park, 376 NE 219th Ave Gresham, OR 97030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(503) 667-7772 Mr. Eric Udd OSD 04-C14 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Low Cost Corrosion/Corrosivity Sensor Systems For Ground Vehicles
Abstract:	This proposal develops an extremely low cost fiber grating corrosion sensor system that could be deployed on a vehicle. Costs are estimated to be approximately $0.25 per sensor in volume allowing hundreds to be deployed if necessary on difficult to access areas of a ground vehicle. In order to keep costs to an absolute minimum it is anitipated that the read out unit would be maintenance rather then vehicle based. The system has the ability to be deployed and operated over a very wide range of temperatures and offers inherent temperature compensation. Because it is passive and dielectrically based it has very long potential life, limited mainly by corrosion of the material it is measuring.

DACCO SCI, INC. 10260 Old Columbia Road Columbia, MD 21046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 381-9475 Dr. Guy D. Davis OSD 04-C14 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Low-Cost EIS Corrosion Sensor for Ground Vehicles
Abstract:	Corrosion of Army ground vehicles is a significant problem in cost, reliability, readiness, and safety. In many cases, the design of the vehicle relies solely or extensively on the protectiveness of the paint system for corrosion protection. DACCO SCI and Advanced Fluidics propose to develop a low-cost corrosion sensor system (sensor + electronics) that can directly monitor the coating health at the motor-pool level. In particular, this sensor system will provide early warning that the coating performance is degrading in contrast to corrosivity sensors that merely measure the corrosivity of the environment. The sensor is based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which has proven successful in the laboratory for predicting coating performance. The sensors allow EIS to be performed in the field as a health monitoring method. The electronics module will mount on the vehicle and will transmit its signal to a hand-held device and alert the motor-pool soldier of coating damage or deterioration so that preventative maintenance can be scheduled to forestall serious structural damage due to the corrosion. The result will be decreased maintenance and replacement costs with increased readiness and reliability.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Fritz Friedersdorf OSD 04-C14 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Ultra low cost wireless corrosion sensor for ground vehicles
Abstract:	The Army spends an estimated $2 billion to $2.5 billion per year addressing corrosion-related issues with Army ground vehicles. Corrosion also has a significant impact on force readiness. Army ground vehicles that require corrosion-related repairs are typically out of service for many months. Corrosion has also been shown to dramatically shorten vehicle life. Low cost and easy-to-use corrosion/corrosivity sensors offer the potential to dramatically reduce vehicle life cycle costs and improve readiness. Knowledge of corrosion state and environment enables more effective corrosion mitigation and prediction. To address this critical defense need, Luna Innovations proposes to develop a corrosion/corrosivity sensor system specifically designed for the rigorous operational environment of Army ground vehicles. The proposed system will be ultra low cost, passive and wireless. It will be based on commercially available technology, will not require wired or battery power, and will enable remote interrogation and placement where needed around the vehicle. Luna has assembled the highly qualified, multidisciplinary team required for a successful program and has a history of bringing novel research from the laboratory to commercial markets.

PERFORMANCE POLYMER SOLUTIONS, INC. 91 Westpark Road Centerville, OH 45459
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 298-3713 Dr. David B. Curliss OSD 04-C15 Awarded: 01FEB05
Title:	GALVANIC CORROSION MECHANISMS ANALYSIS AND MODELING FOR F-35 GRAPHITE/BMI COMPOSITE-METALLIC AIRFRAME JOINTS
Abstract:	The P2SI team objective in this proposed research effort is to develop an inherently corrosion resistant composite/metallic joint design. As coatings and sealants deteriorate in service the joint will be inherently corrosion resistant. This will be achieved through a thorough understanding of how the fundamentals of galvanic corrosion relate to corrosion susceptibility of the F-35's composite-metal joints. In this effort, we will experimentally validate our approach using parameters from the F-35 baseline design. The P2SI approach will identify composite-metallic joint configuration dependent and independent variables that directly affect the potential for galvanic corrosion. We will investigate the corrosion rate and effect of corrosion on joint integrity and strength. This will enable us to establish allowable tolerances for design and manufacturing that will protect joints from catastrophic galvanic corrosion failure, even in the event of coating and sealant deterioration in service. In Phase I, multi-variable regression analysis will be performed on the data to model observed effects. We will perform environmental exposure, detailed corrosion and corrosion rate analysis, and residual mechanical property measurements on F-35 joint-based specimens. This approach will ensure maximum relevance of the data and modeling performed under this effort towards state-of-the-art airframe structural design and analysis.

CAPE COD RESEARCH, INC. 19 Research Road East Falmouth, MA 02536
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 540-4400 Mr. Francis L. Keohan OSD 04-C16 Awarded: 13JAN05
Title:	New Corrosion Inhibiting Cleaning System for Aluminum Alloys
Abstract:	Precoat surface cleaning of aluminum alloys is critical for removing common surface contaminants such as loose metal oxides, oils, and dirt that can impede wetting and adhesion of subsequently applied coatings. Many caustic cleaning processes cause matrix dealloying/redeposition of copper, which often results in copper on the aluminum alloy surface and localized corrosion initiation. A new cleaning process is proposed that effectively removes the surface contaminants and poorly adhered oxides while minimizing the corrosion-inducing redeposition of copper smut. The objective of the Phase I program is to identify candidate metal pretreatment systems which meet the goals of low toxicity, simple application, effective surface cleaning, passivation and copper-redeposition prevention for enhancing corrosion inhibition. A novel combination of surface-active compounds, inhibitors, and anti metal redeposition agents will be used to formulate the new aqueous-based cleaning systems. These pretreatment systems and suitable controls will be tested on common aircraft aluminum alloys for cleaning efficiency, inherent corrosion inhibition by potentiodynamic electrochemical analysis, compatibility with conversion coating application and paint adhesion. The costs, hazards, and environmental fate of effluents produced by the new cleaning processes will be estimated and used in the system design.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Kevin Cooper OSD 04-C16 Awarded: 19JAN05
Title:	Advanced Aluminum Alloy Cleaning Methods for Improved Corrosion Resistance
Abstract:	The objective of the program is to demonstrate the feasibility of developing environmentally acceptable surface cleaning methods that increase the corrosion resistance of aircraft aluminum alloys. Existing specified cleaning processes degrade the corrosion properties of high-strength aluminum alloys due to formation of a copper-rich surface. Luna Innovations, Inc. will develop multiple cleaning environments and processes and quantitatively evaluate their impact on corrosion behavior of aircraft aluminum alloys. The Phase I will focus on demonstrating the selective removal and gettering, to prevent deposition, of alloying elements that degrade corrosion resistance, in particular copper. Chemical, mechanical and electrochemical means will be examined as methods to control the amount and electrochemical activity of copper and copper-bearing intermetallics on the cleaned surface. State-of-the-art electrochemical techniques will be used to quantify metrics of corrosion susceptibility that will facilitate objective evaluation of the various cleaning method. Evaluation will be done in comparison to a control cleaning method based on existing specified treatments.

NOMADICS, INC. 1024 S. Innovation Way Stillwater, OK 74074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 372-9535 Dr. Arif Mamedov OSD 04-C16 Awarded: 19JAN05
Title:	Cleaning Solutions That Improve Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloys
Abstract:	Surface cleaning is extremely important in that it removes common surface contaminants such as loose metal oxides, oils, dirt, etc. that have deleterious effects on the wetting and adhesion of subsequently applied coatings. However, during the cleaning process, matrix dealloying and redeposition of copper, which have been shown to be sites for corrosion initiation. Nomadics will use custom synthesized chelating additives, which have high affinity to copper ions, to prevent the formation of copper "islands." This will reduce corrosion. The process will be easy to apply without undesirable environmental impact.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-5380 Dr. Jeannine Elliott OSD 04-C16 Awarded: 21JAN05
Title:	Improved Aluminum Cleaning Method to Prevent Copper Enrichment
Abstract:	Since pure aluminum is soft and has only moderate strength, aluminum alloys are used for aerospace and other structural applications. However, the copper in these alloys significantly reduces the corrosion resistance of the aluminum. The standard pretreatment used to clean aluminum alloys before painting or coating enriches the surface of the aluminum with copper, creating sites for corrosion. An ideal aluminum cleaning procedure would degrease and deoxide the surface without dealloying the copper and allowing it to redeposit on the surface. In this Phase I proposal TDA will develop an additive for surface pretreatment cleaners that prevents copper enrichment during pretreatment of high strength aluminum alloys.

GATR TECHNOLOGIES 130 Lakeshore Drive Madison, AL 35758
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 461-8684 Mr. Paul A. Gierow OSD 04-C17 Awarded: 10FEB05
Title:	Novel CORIN Materials and Advanced Coating Processes for Space Environment Polybenzoxazole Protection
Abstract:	Deployable space structures are becoming increasingly important assets for use in the battlefield. Communications, global positioning, unmanned air vehicles and tracking and surveillance of enemy troops are creating an enormous demand for space borne assets. Structures that can package efficiently meet many of the needs of creating larger apertures for the high bandwidth military missions. We propose to demonstrate a novel high temperature dyed Colorless Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite polyimide (CORIN) material. The material will be synthesized for coating PBO fibers and sheets to prevent VUV, UV, and AO degradation. The base polyimide has been successfully flight qualified, and transitioned for products on NASA, DoD and commercial satellite communications structures. Phase I results will be to demonstrate a scaleable process for applying coating materials to Polybenzoxazole fibers. Mechanical quantification of the material coating will be performed to demonstrate the adhesion of the polymer to the fiber during repeated cyclic stress and thermal loading. A key aspect of the proposed effort is transition of the coating process from a laboratory scale to production oriented processes. Our process will be demonstrated in Phase I for coating fiber and yarn materials to be scaled to production level processes in Phase II.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. Arthur Gavrin OSD 04-C17 Awarded: 04FEB05
Title:	Space Durable Coatings for PBO(1000-574)
Abstract:	There exists a need to identify and develop various coatings that can be used in the protection of polybenzoxazole (PBO) materials. PBO has exceptionally good strength-to-weight ratio and temperature stability. PBO fibers have been identified for a variety of space applications. These applications consist of, but are not limited to, power generation, orbital maneuvering, and planetary exploration. For example, momentum exchange (MXER) tethers utilize the physics of momentum transfer to catapult a payload out of the Earth's gravity well. This tether system requires space durable, high strength-to-weight ratio fibers. Tether materials-related advances are primary for improving the operation and lifetime of the propulsion system. Critical materials properties in need of improvement include increases in tensile strength, electrical conductivity, shock resistance, continued flexibility during exposure to an environment rich in radiation and energetic atomic oxygen. PBO films and solids have been proposed for use as lightweight structural materials for satellite housing and other spacecraft systems. In this program, Triton Systems will develop multiple space durable protective coatings for PBO.

ULTRAMET 12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 899-0236 Dr. Jason R. Babcock OSD 04-C17 Awarded: 04FEB05
Title:	Novel Low Temperature Coating Method for Environment-Resistant Coatings on Polymers
Abstract:	Polybenzoxazole polymers, including polyphenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) in particular, are under development for use in a wide variety of aerospace applications due to their remarkable tensile strength, modulus, and flame resistance. These materials are of particular interest due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, which allows for a dramatic weight savings when replacing conventional structures. This is particularly significant for in-space applications such as satellites. Satellite components are exposed to potentially damaging impingements, such as ultraviolet (UV) light, atomic oxygen, and fast-moving particles. There is a need for PBO coatings that can increase the functional lifetime of the polymer in the harsh space environment. In ongoing, complementary work, Ultramet introduced a unique and innovative chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology that relies upon UV activation of the CVD process rather than conventional thermal activation. This low temperature deposition route is ideally suited for coating substrates with relatively low thermal stability, such as PBO. The objective of the proposed project is to assess the viability of this innovative process for scaleable production of coatings that could be effectively used for government and commercial satellite components.

ADVANCED THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 91 South St. Upton, MA 01568
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 529-4413 Dr. James W. Connell OSD 04-EP1 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Advance Cooling Designs for High Temperature Transformers and Inductors for Power Electronics
Abstract:	As a result of continuing advances in magnetic materials, compression of circuit physical architecture, increase in magnetic component packaging density and faster switching speed, the heat dissipation rate of next generation military power converter systems will require operation at significantly higher heat flux levels than current power converters. The goal of this SBIR Phase I program is the development of novel magnetic materials with optimal characteristics to meet the required high temperature and electrical operating requirements for military power converters. A further goal of this program is the development of a thermal management approach that utilizes a phase change process coupled with the use of a unique high thermal conductivity 3-D carbon structure to meet the power converter heat dissipation requirements. The design of the 3-D carbon structure would be engineered to provide a high surface area to volume ratio heat exchanger element that would enable a compact, light-weight highly effective heat exchanger device. Further, the design of the 3-D carbon structure will ensure that the local heat flux within the active heat exchange device is sufficient to maintain the power converter operation for continuous and pulse power operation. The proposed thermal management concept will be capable of maintaining the magnetic components at or below their required maximum operating temperature, thus, ensuring system reliability and life.

PRECISION MAGNETIC BEARING SYSTEMS, INC. 25 Walker Way Sec. 2A Albany, NY 12205
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 218-0477 Dr. Dantam K. Rao OSD 04-EP1 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Power Dense High Temperature Passives
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to develop Power-Dense Passives that can increase the Power Density to 25 kW/liter and facilitate operation at high ambient temperature of up to 150 C. The passives will consist of a core, winding and built-in advanced cooling system. Existing inductor and transformer configurations will be reviewed and a trade study will be conducted to identify an innovative core configuration. A detailed design of a prototype passive will be conducted to quantify the power density. A core material that offers lowest core loss will be chosen and the core will be configured to provide an easy path for flux and a high resistance path for eddy currents. The winding will be designed to minimize ac losses and will use high temperature insulation materials. The advanced cooling system will be designed to cool both the winding and the core uniformly and offer low thermal resistance. A preliminary layout of a passive is the end result of this effort

TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT & TRANSFER, INC. 133 Defense Highway, Suite 212 Annapolis, MD 21401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 224-3710 Mr. Walter Zimbeck OSD 04-EP1 Awarded: 21DEC04
Title:	Internally Cooled Magnetic Cores
Abstract:	Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc. (TA&T) proposes fabricating high power magnetic cores with integrated fluidic cooling channels to meet the requirements of emerging inductors and transformers for power electronics applications. TA&T has developed processes for fabricating monolithic ceramic components with complex geometry, including internal cavities and channels that cannot be fabricated using conventional processing techniques. This capability will be applied to the fabrication of ferrite cores with internal cooling channels for improved heat dissipation. Two novel fabrication approaches will be evaluated in Phase I. The first is known as ceramic stereolithography (CSL), and is an automated, layered manufacturing process that enables net shape, monolithic ceramics with complex geometry. The second approach, called gel casting, is a thermally cured net shape molding process that utilizes sacrificial structure to form the internal geometry.

CERAMATEC, INC. 2425 South 900 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 978-2142 Mr. Shekar Balagopal OSD 04-EP2 Awarded: 21DEC04
Title:	Lithium Conducting Ceramic Membrane Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
Abstract:	New nano-structured electrodes and a novel lithium-ion conducting solid ceramic electrolyte that can potentially double the energy density of the existing battery systems is proposed. The solid electrolyte offers excellent chemical stability to corrosive lithium metal and the conductivity approaches 10-2 S/cm and 10-4 S/cm respectively in aqueous and organic electrolytes respectively. The materials used in the proposed battery are abundant, inexpensive and environmentally benign. The combined objective of Phase I and Phase II effort is to develop LiSICON electrolyte and integrate with a metallic Li anode and a high capacity, cathode material based on either (a) oxygen from air or (b) nano-structured V2O5 to realize high energy density batteries. The proposed "lithium anode- LiSICON electrolyte - oxygen (or V2O5) cathode" battery can potentially meet the high energy requirement of military equipment and vehicles.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. Sorhab Hossain OSD 04-EP2 Awarded: 29DEC04
Title:	High Energy Density, Fast Charge Lithium-ion Batteries
Abstract:	The need for a high specific energy, fast charge battery for the U. S. army is recognized. The proposed Phase I program addresses to investigate the feasibility of developing prototypes 7.5 Ah lithium-ion cells having specific energy >210 Wh/kg which will be used as `building blocks' for the development of BB-2590 ibatteries in Phase II.A novel electrochemical couple is proposed for the development of a fast charge,high specific energy lithium-ion battery system. The proposed anode material delivers 50% higher practical capacity than the state-of-the-art carbon anode materials. Several prototype lithium-ion cells will be developed and their performance will be evaluated to demonstrate the proof-of-concept.

MAXPOWER, INC. 220 Stahl Road Harleysville, PA 19438
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 513-4230 Dr. Mark Salomon OSD 04-EP2 Awarded: 23DEC04
Title:	New High Energy Density Li/Li-Ion Batteries
Abstract:	MaxPower's Phase I program will involve development of new cathode materials and new electrolyte solutions to significantly improve gravimetric energy densities and rate capabilities. With these objectives in mind, the following details the approaches MaxPower will take in its Phase I program. To improve gravimetric and volumetric energy densities and rate capabilities, the Phase I program will synthesize and optimize the performance of 5 V (vs. Li/Li+) cathode materials. Nano cathode materials will be developed. To improve capacity retention upon extended cycling of the 5 V cathode materials, MaxPower will develop new electrolyte solutions which are stable to at least 5 V vs. Li/Li+.

NANOMAT, INC. 1061 Main Street, Building #1 - Drawer #18 North Huntingdon, PA 15642
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(724) 978-2188 Dr. Pramod Sharma OSD 04-EP2 Awarded: 16DEC04
Title:	Nanosize Cathode Materials for high Performance Li- Ion Rechargeable Batteries
Abstract:	The widespread use of battery is severely hampered by low energy density and poor performance of cathode materials of Li-ion battery due to the micron size particles, small surface area, unstable structure during cycle, inadequate mechanical strength, costly precursors, temperature unstable low ionic conductivity etc. The goal of this project is to develop nano-structured cathode material by a novel method that will result in a high energy density of batteries for electric vehicle and other applications. In this phase I effort, to mitigate the deficiencies of the currently available cathode materials, a nanosize Li[NixCo1-2xMnX]O2 cathode materials will be developed. This cathode material has an excellent storage capability. Li[NixCo1-2xMnX]O2 material will be rigorously tested for their electrochemical, thermal, physical and structural properties to insure that it possess the requisite performance characteristics and high energy density at least an improvement of 2X. In Phase II, further testing and development of these cathode materials will be conducted. A prototype of battery with be design with high energy density. In Phase II, a prototype will also be manufactured for field-testing under actual conditions.

NEI CORP. Suite 102/103, 201 Circle Drive Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 868-1906 Dr. Amit Singhal OSD 04-EP2 Awarded: 20DEC04
Title:	High Energy Density Li-ion Batteries With Good Low Temperature Performance
Abstract:	High energy density Li-ion batteries that can operate over a wide temperature range are needed in a variety of military, space and commercial applications. The specific energy of Li-ion batteries can be enhanced by utilizing new cathode materials that have significantly higher energy density than that of state-of-the-art LiCoO2. Low temperature performance of Li-ion batteries can be improved by reducing the electrolyte resistance and enhancing the mass transfer across the electrode/electrolyte interface. This can be accomplished by raising the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and reducing the size of electrode particles, respectively. The proposed program focuses on developing novel nanostructured cathode materials with an energy density of ~ 800 Wh/kg, which is almost 50% higher than that of the practical energy density of LiCoO2. Working in collaboration with a leading developer of Li-ion batteries, in Phase I, we will demonstrate that it is possible to produce a stable high energy density nanostructured cathode by controlling the structure and composition of nanoparticles. As part of the Phase I work, a low temperature electrolyte will be used in Li-test cells to evaluate the electrochemical performance of nanostructured cathodes at sub-zero temperatures. In Phase II, prototype batteries will be fabricated and tested for performance, along with optimization and scaling of the synthesis process for producing electrode nanoparticles.

AGILTRON CORP. 220 Ballardvale St., Suite D Wilmington, MA 01887
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 694-1006 Dr. Jack Salerno OSD 04-EP3 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Nanostructure-Enhanced Bulk Thermoelectric Materials
Abstract:	The use of thermoelectric devices as alternative energy sources has been investigated with limited success. Manufacturing costs and limited power generation efficiency have prevented the economical, large-scale production and use of the thermoelectric devices as a viable alternative energy source. Agiltron has proposed an innovative nanostructure-enhanced thermoelectric material that will integrate the synthesis of PbSe nanowires and the fabrication of nanocomposite-enhanced bulk thermoelectric materials. The proposed technologies will include single-phase, highly-crystalline, surface-clean and diameter-controlled PbSe nanowires fabrication; orientation, and densification with ball-milled submicrometer-sized powder of bulk thermoelectric material into nanocomposite-enhanced thermoelectric material through a hotpress technique. The thermoelectric figure of merit of this new nano-composite is predicted to reach ZT = 3 at 300K. This innovative thermoelectric material will have immense application potentials in power generation, energy harvesting, and solid-state cooling and refrigeration.

EVIDENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 216 River Street, Suite 200 Troy, NY 12180
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 276-3444 Ms. Margaret Hines OSD 04-EP3 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	High Performance Thermoelectric Materials Using Solution Phase Synthesis of Narrow Bandgap Core/Shell Quantum Dots Deposited Into Colloid Crystal Thin Films
Abstract:	Evident Technologies, Inc. intends on using its core competency in quantum dot synthesis, quantum dot surface modification and quantum dot composites to create cost effective, high ZT thermoelectric thin films that can be deposited onto inexpensive flexible substrates. In the Phase I demonstration project Lead Selenide nanocrystals with a 1-2nm thick shell of PbS will be synthesized using proprietary solution phase synthesis techniques. These quantum dots, initially suspended in solution, will then be self assembled into a colloid crystal on substrate using surface modification and controlled solvent evaporation. Finally the PbS shells surrounding the PbSe quantum dot cores will be thermally fused resulting in a thin film structure having colosely spaced PbSe quantum dots suspending in a PbS matrix.

LUTRONICS 28 Ruthellen Rd. Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 387-9685 Dr. Yalin Lu OSD 04-EP3 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Novel Nanostructure-Enhanced Approach for Bulk Thermoelectric Materials
Abstract:	Lutronics proposes a unique combination of an innovative multiple shallow quantum well concept, a new nano-approach, and a unique bulk material processing method, with which great breakthroughs in thermo-electrical figure-of-merit can be expected. The Phase I was intended for proving the proposed concept. Success of the Phase I research will lay down a solid foundation for the following Phase II researches.

METAMATERIA PARTNERS LLC 1275 Kinnear Rd. Columbus, OH 43212
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 340-1690 Dr. Suvankar Sengupta OSD 04-EP3 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Nanostructure-Enhanced Bulk Thermoelectric Materials
Abstract:	Significant improvement in the ZT (figure of merit) has been recently been reported in thin film thermoelectric materials. These improvements were achieved by taking the advantage of low dimensionality in PbTe-based quantum well and quantum dot systems prepared by MBE and in BiTe-SbTe quantum well systems prepared by MOCVD. However, to become commercially viable new low-cost processing routes are needed for preparing bulk materials that contains nanostructured, thermoelectric active components. The proposed program focuses on development of a nanocomposite thermoelectric material composed of nanostructured "core-shell" particulates. In Phase I, "core-shell" nanostructure PbTe-PbSe will be developed by using a solution based technique, consolidated using colloidal processing techniques and then densified using high energy compaction. The nanocomposite bulk samples for evaluated by Hi-Z, a thermoelectric manufacturer.

NANOHMICS, INC. 6201 East Oltorf St., Suite 100 Austin, TX 78741
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 389-9990 Dr. Steve Savoy OSD 04-EP3 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Nanostructure-Enhanced Bulk Thermoelectric Materials
Abstract:	Compact, solid-state thermoelectric devices are now widely used for both cooling and power generation. These highly reliable devices have no moving parts, operate around room temperature, and are easily integrated into thermal systems. Despite these advantages, engineering applications have been limited by the relatively low intrinsic power conversion efficiency of the semiconductor material comprising the devices. Engineered, nanometer-scale semiconductor materials are now being developed to increase the thermoelectric efficiency. Much larger enhancements in thermoelectric efficiency are predicted in true quantum confined systems since this confinement produces peaks in the density of states. Accordingly, nanometer-sized spheres or rods should offer the highest increase in Seebeck coefficient. It should be possible to fabricate a composite material based on semiconducting nanoparticles that exhibits enhanced thermoelectric efficiency using high electrical/thermal conductivity ratio materials (e.g. conducting polymers) to provide a means for intergrain connectivity between the nanoparticles. To this end, Nanohmics and Drs. Kevin Stokes and Jiye Fang of the Advanced Materials Research Institute (AMRI) at the University of New Orleans propose to develop bulk thermoelectric composites consisting of organized assemblies of thermoelectric nanomaterials and conducting polythiophenes using an automated assembly process.

NANOLAB, INC. 55 Chapel St Newton, MA 02458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 581-6747 Mr. David L. Carnahan OSD 04-EP3 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Nanostructure-Enhanced Bulk Thermoelectric Materials
Abstract:	NanoLab plans to synthesize nanoparticles of Sb2Te3, Bi2Te3,Bi2Se3, silicon and germanium using established and experimental techniques that are applicable to large scale synthesis. We will investigate the rapid consolidation of these nanoparticles to form nanocomposites of Si-Ge, Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 (p-type) and Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 (n-type), and test their thermoelectric properties.

TELLUREX CORP. 1248 Hastings St. Traverse City, MI 49686
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(231) 947-0110 Mr. Charles J. Cauchy OSD 04-EP3 Awarded: 13DEC04
Title:	Nanostructure-Enhanced Bulk Thermoelectric Materials
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop and implement methodologies for new bulk thermoelectric materials that incorporate nanostructural elements to significantly increase the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, by way of phonon boundary scattering providing enhanced fuel economy via waste-heat to electrical energy conversion as well as provide stand-alone power from either intentional fuel sources or naturally occurring heat harvesting circumstances. Three primary methods will be used to develop nanostructures within a target thermoelectric alloy (AgPbmSbTe2+m) with the goal of developing a commercially realizable bulk material methodology resulting in high ZT thermoelectric devices. The unique cubic AgPbmSbTe2+m (LAST) structural identity can be exploited to produce nanostructural components that will act as phonon scattering sites within the bulk material. Tellurex's continuing work on the LAST system indicates that structural grain size reduction may be brought to nanoscale through rapid quenching and advanced mechanical powder processing techniques. A scaled sintering regimen will also be developed and employed to induce nanoscale boundary growth providing phonon boundary scattering. These processes will be used singularly and in combined strategies to determine the method resulting in the highest ZT and provide the focus for Phase II and Phase III development.

AEROVIRONMENT, INC. 825 S. Myrtle Avenue Monrovia, CA 91016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 357-9983 Mr. Wally Rippel OSD 04-EP5 Awarded: 03DEC04
Title:	Lightweight Power Transformer for Shipboard Electrical Power Distribution Systems
Abstract:	As with most forms of transportation, ships have weight and volume constraints relative to operational equipment. Conventional transformers, in use to convert high voltage electric power to lower voltages and vice versa, are both heavy and big. With recent advances in semiconductor devices and digital control, "Electronic Transformers" can replace conventional transformers while providing a factor of three weight and size reductions. Electronic Transformers can potentially also provide side benefits such as voltage regulation, power factor correction, VAR compensation, and low harmonics. The proposed Phase I effort will investigate the feasibility of developing such Electronic Transformers. Conventional transformers have the advantage of relatively low cost and high full-load efficiency. Thus, the value of the weight and size reductions, and power system benefits that the Electronic Transformers provide, will have to offset lower efficiencies and potentially higher costs. Systems analyses and trade studies may show that Electronic Transformers compete very well. AeroVironment will overcome the many technical challenges leveraging experience from recent transformer/inductor development projects and digital control development projects. By demonstrating feasibility, we will help enable the Navy to improve shipboard electrical systems operations, while reducing electrical equipment weight and volume claims.

AMERICAN SUPERCONDUCTOR Two Technology Drive Westborough, MA 01581
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(262) 901-6007 Mr. David Gritter OSD 04-EP5 Awarded: 09DEC04
Title:	Lightweight Power Transformer for Shipboard Electrical Power Distribution Systems
Abstract:	A topology for a medium voltage to low voltage 3-phase power converter is proposed. It consists of a clean power rectifier followed by multiple isolated DC to DC converters using commercially available high frequency transformers with very low core losses when driven by a quasi-resonant inverter operating in the 20 to 50 kHz range. The DC to DC input DC busses are placed in series, while the outputs are in parallel to effect the reduction in voltage from medium to low. Finally a DC to AC inverter re-constructs a 3-phase voltage, which after filtering, provides high quality power for low voltage loads. This proposal defines development efforts to identify the appropriate rectifier topology if clean input currents are required, to build and test a breadboard high frequency transformer, and to refine the design of the output DC to AC inverter and filters.

ENGINEERING MATTERS, INC. 375 Elliot Street, Suite 130K Newton, MA 02464
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 965-8974 Dr. David Cope OSD 04-EP5 Awarded: 03DEC04
Title:	Lightweight Power Transformer for Shipboard Electrical Power Distribution Systems
Abstract:	The objective is to develop lightweight voltage step-down equipment to be used in vehicle power distribution systems, with particular emphasis on the DD(X) and CVN(X) programs. Conventional 60Hz power distribution transformers are large and heavy. The Navy seeks a smaller and lighter replacement technology. The voltage level and operating frequency drive the physical size of a power transformer. High voltage and low frequency yield high magnetic flux and necessitate a large transformer core. Engineering Matters proposes to design, simulate, fabricate and build a transformer-isolated high-frequency switch-mode power supply to replace existing low-frequency transformers. Engineering Matters has already developed a high voltage, high frequency solid-state switch. This switch will enable the power supply to operate directly from primary shipboard distribution voltage (13.8kV) at frequencies above 5kHz. At high frequency, the size of the transformer will be greatly reduced. The core design will be optimized for volume savings, with material to be selected from ferrite, amorphous metal, and advanced iron-based magnetic alloys. The switching power supply will also feature voltage regulation and a high power factor.

IAP RESEARCH, INC. 2763 Culver Avenue Dayton, OH 45429
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 297-3153 Mr. Antonios Challita OSD 04-EP5 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	Lightweight Transformer Replacement
Abstract:	We propose to develop a semiconductor-based transformer for medium voltage (4160V or 13.8kV) to low voltage (450V) step down applications on ships. These transformers provide ship service power and are used on all ships where primary generation and distribution is medium voltage. Our concept uses high frequency semiconductor switching to reduce the mass and size of these transformers by a factor of 5 to 10.

PRINCETON POWER SYSTEMS, INC. 501 Forrestal Road Suite 211, Forrestal Campus Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 258-5994 Mr. Mark Holveck OSD 04-EP5 Awarded: 02DEC04
Title:	Unique AC-link Power Converter Design with a Small, Lightweight, High-Frequency Internal Transformer
Abstract:	In Phase I, we propose to design a 300kW DC-DC converter for hybrid vehicles that operates at 92% efficiency, with 100�C coolant inlet temperature, and fits within 50L (6kW/L). Transitioning to the use of Silicon Carbide switching technology when it becomes available should allow increases in power density to 8kW/L. Our unique innovation is using the AC-link power conversion technology, which provides extremely low switching losses and minimal component count. AC-link is a softswitching technology, which minimizes switching losses resulting in reduced active switch and thermal management requirements. AC-link is currently being used in a similar project to build a 250kW power-dense DC-DC converter for the Air Force's Active Denial Technology; these efforts will be leveraged for this project. We will also construct a 10kW bench-scale unit in Phase I to prove the feasibility of the system. In Phase II, we will develop and deliver a 300kW converter meeting the design criteria specified. Dr. Rudy Limpaecher at SAIC and Dr. Tony Mavretic at Siat of Boston Inc. will consult on the project. We already have outside investment groups interested in investing in the Phase III manufacturing effort.

AMERICAN SUPERCONDUCTOR Two Technology Drive Westborough, MA 01581
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 621-4243 Mr. John Voccio OSD 04-EP6 Awarded: 24JAN05
Title:	Superconducting Developments for Compact Power and Energy Systems
Abstract:	In recent years, there have been significant advances in YBCO coated conductor development. AMSC reported achieving electrical performance levels of 330 Amps, 10 percent above the commercial threshold performance level of 300 Amps set by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for 2G HTS wires. Also, high performance reults were reported on greater than 30-m lengths - triple the length of its previously reported results. In addition, some preliminary work has been performed by MIT and DOE/ORNL on the quench stability in these tapes, primarily for cable applications, primarily for cable applications. However, thre has been little work performed on YBCO coils. Therefore, the purpose of this SBIR effort is to focus on issues related to the design, fabrication and testing of YBCO coils. By studying and understanding such issues as YBCO coil thermal and mechanical properties and selecting preferred methods of insulation, advances in YBCO coil design can be achieved. Furthermore, as progress is made in designing and fabricating low-loss, ac conductors from this material, it is expected that under Phase II, coils can be designed and tested for either a prototype transformer or stator winding.

CRYOMAGNETICS, INC. 1006 Alvin Weinberg Dr. Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(865) 482-9551 Dr. Earle Burkhardt OSD 04-EP6 Awarded: 10JAN05
Title:	Superconducting Developments for Compact Power and Energy Systems
Abstract:	Superconducting coils are capable of storing considerable amounts of energy. Should a coil quench, due to overheating or exceeding the critical field or current carrying ability of the wire, the stored energy in the coil must be dissipated safely - without endangering personnel or damaging the coil or control systems. In any superconducting coil design, it is essential to design and build the system such that the limits of the materials involved are not exceeded. High temperature superconductors (HTS) are relatively new to applications in magnets and coils, but are rapidly growing in use thanks to advances in conductor performance and availability. However, not much is known currently concerning the quench protection design limits of the materials. Thus far, quench protection in high temperature superconducting coils has been largely overlooked. This has mainly been due to the fact that HTS materials have higher heat capacities at their operating points, and are often difficult to quench. Unfortunately this high heat capacity also creates slow propagation velocities which can cause catastrophic damage to the HTS. New methods for quench protection in HTS coils will be analyzed via computer simulation.

HYPER TECH RESEARCH, INC. 110 E. Canal St. Troy, OH 45373
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 332-0348 Mr. Michael Tomsic OSD 04-EP6 Awarded: 25JAN05
Title:	YBCO Coated Conductors and Coils for Rotor Applications
Abstract:	The Air Force is currently pursuing the development of high temperature superconducting generators. Coated YBCO superconductor tape is a strong candidate to enable this application. These generators for the Air Force will operate up to several hundred hertz. This SBIR Phase I investigates construction of racetrack rotor coils with standard and patterned YBCO coated conductor tapes. This Phase I will investigate winding techniques, stress, and insulation to fabricate racetrack coils. This information will enable us to model, design, and develop larger YBCO racetrack rotor coils for demonstration generators.

HYPER TECH RESEARCH, INC. 110 E. Canal St. Troy, OH 45373
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 332-0348 Mr. Michael Tomsic OSD 04-EP6 Awarded: 24JAN05
Title:	Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) Superconducting Coils for Gyrotron Magnets
Abstract:	The Air Force is currently pursuing the development of directed weapons using high frequency gyrotrons. Present systems use coils made with niobium titanium superconducting wire operating at 4 K with a cryocooler. Light weight magnesium diboride superconductor wire offers the potential of the required magnetic field but will operate at higher temperature of 10-25 K, and be a much lighter weight superconductor. Thus there is the potential to reduce the size and weight of the gyrotron magnet and cryocooler for airborne applications. This SBIR Phase I will demonstrate a sub-size solenoid gyrotron magnet with magnesium diboride superconducting wire, and determine what weight and size reductions could be made for a full size magnesium diboride gryotron magnet and cryocooler.

METAL OXIDE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 8807 Emmott Rd., Suite 100 Houston, TX 77040
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(834) 243-0917 Dr. Alexandre Molodyk OSD 04-EP6 Awarded: 11FEB05
Title:	Enhancement of YBCO Coated Conductor Performance by Chemical Pinning
Abstract:	MetOx propriatary MOCVD deposition technology makes possible the prospect of chemical pinning to increase the superconducting properties of YBCO HTS films on textured substrates. Program objectives are to create pinning sites by chemical modification of process parameters and measure the properties of the YBCO films.

STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES 201 Circle Drive North, Unit # 102 Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 302-9274 Dr. Nick M. Sbrockey OSD 04-EP6 Awarded: 28JAN05
Title:	Effective Flux Pinning In YBa2Cu3Ox Coated Conductors by Continuous MOCVD
Abstract:	In this SBIR Phase I effort, Structured Materials Industries, Inc., (SMI) will develop process and hardware technology for continuous production of YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) coated conductors with a nano-engineered array of non-superconducting particles. These non-superconducting precipitates will act as highly effective flux pinning centers, and enable superconducting tapes with enhanced critical current in the presence of magnetic fields. The enhanced YBCO coated conductors will enable superconducting components for compact, light-weight, AC power systems for airborne weapons systems, as well as a variety of other military and commercial power applications.

TAI-YANG RESEARCH CORP. 9112 Farrell Park Lane Knoxville, TN 37922
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(302) 379-2712 Ms. Ann T. Shih OSD 04-EP6 Awarded: 25JAN05
Title:	Superconducting Developments for Compact Power and Energy Systems
Abstract:	Tai-Yang Research Company of Tennessee in cooperation with the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, propose to design, analyze, and test a novel method to enhance the quench stability and thermal stabilization of high temperature superconducting YBCO coils. The proposed method utilizes a revolutionary type material with unsurpassed thermal conductivity.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-6900 Dr. Yongli Xu OSD 04-EP6 Awarded: 13JAN05
Title:	Development of High Jc Thick YBCO Films Through MOD Process with Pinning Center Enhancement
Abstract:	YBCO film through MOD approach is one of the most cost effective methods for long length CC fabrications. Although, this process has shown success on films below 1 micron, thicker films with performance goal of 500 A/cm have not been demonstrated even on small samples. Increasing Ic through further improving Jc is not viable because the present Jcs are comparable to that of the intragrain Jc, which is believed to be theoretical limit of YBCO superconductors. Thicker films of 1-3 microns through MOD approach with pinning center enhancement are yet to be fully developed to attain a higher Ic. High-density nano scale pinning centers is the only way to keep Jc from dramatic degradation for thick films. Thus, in Phase I, we propose to increase thickness while keeping Jc from degradation for higher Ic. Technical approach including thicker film fabrication and introducing high density nano size pinning centers for the MOD YBCO films on both IBAD and ISD templates are designed. By reaction and growth control, thicker films with high density, uniformly distributed small non-superconducting second phase as pinning centers are expected.

AMBP TECH CORP. c/o University Buffalo Incubator, 1576 Sweet Home Amherst, NY 14228
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 639-0632 Mr. Nehal Chokshi OSD 04-EP7 Awarded: 06JAN05
Title:	High Energy Density and High Thermally Rated Pulsed Power Capacitor Devices
Abstract:	The proposed program by AMBP Tech and Professor Sarjeant's group at SUNY Buffalo will develop and demonstrate a rapid large area deposition process of high energy density amorphous fluorinated carbon (a-C:F) films onto thin aluminum (4um thin) electrode substrates. The innovative research consists of utilizing AMBP Tech's patented high deposition rate technologies of LAMBD or PAMBD tools to optimize the stoichiometry and morphology of a-C:F films in terms of the energy density. Feedback will be provided by evaluating the electrical characteristics of the films via the unique Partial Discharge (PD) analytical setup of the Energy Systems Institute (ESI) directed by Professor Sarjeant.

APSI 3334 Brown Station Road Columbia, MO 65202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(573) 474-5522 Dr. Michael F. Nichols OSD 04-EP7 Awarded: 28JAN05
Title:	Novel Vacuum Deposited Dielectric Materials for Capacitor Devices
Abstract:	Organic film polymers have been the dielectric of choice for high voltage, microsecond-discharge, high energy density capacitors. Electron traps normally found in these films limits their maximun voltage breakdown strength, engergy density, and dissipation. The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing higher performance polymer-like dielectric materials without catalysts, impurities, solvents, or antioxidants using ionized cluster beams in conjunction with conventional vacuum deposition techniques.

MATERIALS SCI & TECH APPLICATIONS 409 Maple Springs Dr. Dayton, OH 45458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 435-6227 Dr. Hao Jiang OSD 04-EP7 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	High Performance Dielectric Thin Films Prepared by Homo-/Co-Polymerizations with a Modified Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) Technique
Abstract:	The manufacture of high energy density capacitors via the formation of high performance dielectric films is of vital importance for high pulse power applications. MSTA,LLC has demonstrated that by means of a modified PECVD technique, high quality polymer thin films have been fabricated, which are pine-hole free, dense, and homogeneous, with a highly crosslinked 3-dimensional amorphous bulk structure, and a smooth surface. This versatile process also performs plasma co-polymerization from monomers with different functionalities, which can manipulate material refractive index and by extension, the dielectric constant and other dielectric properties of the films. Furthermore, the films are also mechanically tough and robust, possessing excellent thermal stability and chemical/environment resistance, as well as good adhesion on different substrate materials and deposition capability on various shapes of the substrates. MSTA, LLC will do research in the application of this methodology to fabricate dielectric polymer films with high breakdown strength (> 800V/mm), moderate dielectric constants (2.5 - 4), and low dielectric loss (0.1% or less at 1 kHz frequency). Throughout the course of this investigation, the structure/morphology of the films will be examined and elucidated by XPS, IR, solid-state NMR, AFM, SEM, TEM, and spectroscopic ellipsometry to provide a scientifically sound basis for the study of advanced dielectric materials.

NANODYNAMICS, INC. 901 Fuhrmann Blvd. Buffalo, NY 14203
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(832) 978-4386 Mr. Douglas P. DuFaux OSD 04-EP7 Awarded: 01FEB05
Title:	Low-Cost Quasi-Amorphous Carbon Dielectrics for Pulsed Power Capacitors
Abstract:	As our military continues to evolve and become more reliant on highly sophisticated equipment, the need for advanced electronics to support their operation is becoming increasingly more important. Clearly, one of the most important transformations is in the area of weapons systems. In fact, the U.S. Military is developing high energy density, pulse power capacitors to enable all-electric weapons with a goal of one day developing only such systems. The capacitors are required building blocks for pulse forming networks (PFNs), which convert prime electrical energy into short pulses needed to energize loads. Some of the current key research objectives for such capacitors include thin, flexible dielectrics with a high voltage breakdown strength (> 20KV/mil), a dielectric constant greater than 2, and low losses (0.1%). Enhanced processing capabilities with potential for radical improvements in materials properties are urgently needed for the development of advanced capacitors. The proposed SBIR program would make ultrahigh performance dielectrics available through an elegant, patent-protected approach to produce synergetic diamond-graphene quasi-amorphous (QUASAMT) materials. These materials have a high dielectric constant, high thermal conductivity, are extremely strong, can be deposited as thin as 5 nanometers, and can be produced at low cost using standard vacuum deposition equipment.

NANOHMICS, INC. 6201 East Oltorf St., Suite 100 Austin, TX 78741
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 389-9990 Dr. Keith Jamison OSD 04-EP7 Awarded: 25JAN05
Title:	Novel high strength capacitor dielectrics
Abstract:	In this SBIR program Nanohmics propose to fabricate high breakdown strength flexible dielectrics films for use in high voltage capacitors from sputter deposited amorphous oxides. Previous work at Nanohmics has demonstrated a room temperature sputtering technique to deposit exceedingly high quality flexible amorphous nitride films at room temperature with properties similar to their single crystal counterparts. In this program we propose to use a similar growth technique to fabricate amorphous oxides such as ZrO2, HfO2, TiO2 as well as amorphous SiO2. After deposition, Nanohmics will test the films for dielectric strength, breakdown voltage, dielectric constant, high frequency loss and other electrical properties. The material with the best dielectric properties will be manufactured into a test capacitor and delivered at the end of the Phase I program. The Phase II program will take this dielectric, optimize the deposition process for lifetime and scalability then develop a reel-to-reel dielectric on foil manufacturing process necessary to fabricate wound capacitors in volume.

ADVANCED FLUID TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5250 W. Coplay Road Whitehall, PA 18052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 262-9686 Dr. Satish Mohapatra OSD 04-EP8 Awarded: 06JAN05
Title:	Advanced Thermo-Fluid Using Hybrid Nanoparticles
Abstract:	Due to the inefficiencies associated with Directed Energy (DE) weapons, a large amount of waste heat is generated that must be removed quickly to maintain a constant temperature operation. To remove such a high heat flux, an efficient heat transfer device/mechanism and a designer thermo-fluid are necessary. Nanofluids and Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have been developed to increase the thermophysical properties of a base thermo-fluid but the gain is not enough for extremely high heat flux (1000 Watts/cm2) operations. Advanced Fluid Technologies, Inc. dba Dynalene Heat Transfer Fluids (Dynalene) proposes to develop an advanced thermo-fluid using hybrid nanoparticles that will increase the heat capacity as well as the thermal conductivity of the base heat transfer fluid. Heat energy will be converted to chemical energy and vice versa inside the nanoparticles. In the Phase I of the project, we will identify the key ingredients and develop the processes to make the hybrid nanoparticles. Laboratory experiments will be conducted to determine the feasibility and efficiency of converting heat energy into chemical energy through simple chemical reactions. A cost analysis will also be carried out in Phase I to determine the economic feasibility of this concept.

NANOTECHLABS, INC. 4830 Bent Ridge Ln. Clemmons, NC 27012
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(336) 403-7762 Dr. Richard Czerw OSD 04-EP8 Awarded: 05JAN05
Title:	Ionic Thermofluids Containing Nanomaterials
Abstract:	In this proposal, NanoTechLabs will synthesize and evaluate ionic liquid based thermo-fluids incorporating carbon nanotubes to improve thermal management of high heat bearing equipment. Ionic liquids have desirable characteristics as thermal fluids such as: liquid over broad temperature ranges varying from sub-zero to greater than 300C, not prone to thermal cracking, environmentally friendly (non-volatile and non-toxic), and non-flammable. A variety of ionic liquids will be synthesized and characterized as thermal fluids. Carbon nanotubes will be incorporated into the fluids to enhance their thermal conductivity. Fluid and thermal characteristics will be measured as a function of carbon nanotube concentration.

EXCELLATRON 263 Decatur Street Atlanta, GA 30312
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 584-2475 Dr. Ji-Guang Zhang OSD 04-EP9 Awarded: 06JAN05
Title:	Innovative Advanced Fuel Cell Manufacturing
Abstract:	Excellatron Solid State, LLC (ESS) proposes an innovative lithium oxygen energy storage system focused on High Altitude Airship (HAA) applications. This project will result in battery technology that has the potential for: �Specific capacity that is eight to ten times that of conventional lithium batteries �High standby and recharge cycle life �Safe operation �Low cost Regenerative fuel cells have been examined as a means for achieving high specific energy storage capacities using electrochemical cells. However, Hydrogen storage and mass transport requirements have constrained broad scale use of this approach. On the other hand, lithium metal as an anode material offers low density and the high electrochemical capacity making it an optimum material for electrochemical energy storage applications. But lithium is a difficult material to work with due to its inherent instability in air and water. For rechargeable batteries, lithium reactions that create high energy are difficult to reverse. This proposal offers solutions to these problems resulting in storage cells having energy capacities that are an order of magnitude greater than those available using conventional battery technologies. This technology is also anticipated to be modular and easily scalable.

LYNNTECH, INC. 7607 Eastmark Drive, Suite 102 College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 693-0017 Dr. Jeremy Steinshnider OSD 04-EP9 Awarded: 06JAN05
Title:	Innovative Manufacturing Process to Significantly Increase Power Density and Specific Power of Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells
Abstract:	With the recent events of September 11th, there is an urgent need for continuous surveillance of the US border. High altitude airships (HAAs) will have the ability to loiter above stationary targets at altitudes over 70,000 feet, however, they will require power systems capable of sustaining long term flight while requiring no refueling. Lynntech Inc.'s patented unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) technology is ideally suited for high altitude power generation. Further optimization of the size and weight of Lynntech's stacks will result in higher power generation, permitting greater payloads and more extensive surveillance equipment. Lynntech proposes to advance their URFC technology by employing thinner components and lighter weight materials, to increase both the power density (W/L) and specific power density (W/kg). By employing Lynntech's adhesively bonded fuel cell stack technology, total stack weight can be reduced by as much as 33% while the total stack volumes can be reduced by 50%. During Phase I, Lynntech will determine the feasibility of reducing size and weight while not compromising system integrity. The results developed in Phase I will be applied in Phase II to construct the full size URFC needed to power an HAA.

NEXTECH MATERIALS, LTD. 404 Enterprise Dr. Lewis Center, OH 43035
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 842-6606 Dr. Michael J. Day OSD 04-EP9 Awarded: 28JAN05
Title:	High Power Density Regenerative SOFCs
Abstract:	High altitude uninhabited air vehicles (UAVs) offer the opportunity to enhance border security and provide early warning for missile defense programs. These platforms offer an inexpensive alternative to satellite or manned reconnaissance aircraft, but require a night-time power source to augment solar panels in order to achieve long operating lifetimes. Regenerative Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (RSOFCs) will provide a means for these aircraft to remain aloft indefinitely as they efficiently convert sunlight energy to fuel during the day and fuel to electrical power at night. The objective of this Phase I program is to demonstrate a high power density RSOFC cell design. Using established materials and manufacturing approaches, it will be possible to produce RSOFC elements tailored for UAV power supplies. Studies will include evaluation of various cell architectures, materials and fabrication processes to produce robust, high efficiency cells.

SYSTEMS & PROCESSES ENGINEERING CORP.(SPEC) 101 West Sixth Street, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 479-7732 Dr. Burt Fowler OSD 04-EP9 Awarded: 28JAN05
Title:	Monolithic MEMS Fuel Cell Manufacturing for Long Endurance High Altitude Aircraft
Abstract:	High altitude airships (HAA) require regenerative fuel cell systems that can supply high current during nighttime operations with daily charging and discharging cycles for long periods of continuous operation. These fuel cells must be lighter in weight, and have higher charging and discharging efficiency while operating at high altitudes with no maintenance during operation for extended periods of a year or more. The weight of other system power components such as solar panels, pumps, and hydrogen and water storage decrease significantly with increasing fuel cell efficiency such that the optimal overall renewable energy system solution is driven by fuel cell efficiency. SPEC (Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation) has designed and is currently developing a lightweight, compact MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) PEM (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) fuel cell for unitized regenerative energy storage applications. The MEMS fuel cell is designed for HAA station keeping and operation at greater than 70,000 feet above MSL. The fuel cell system for this program is a modular unit designed to provide up to 100kW peak output power in fuel cell mode and 160kW output power in electrolyzer mode.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Paul G. Gonsalves OSD 04-H06 Awarded: 20JAN05
Title:	Adaptive Patient Appointment Scheduling System (APASS) for DoD Medical Facilities
Abstract:	Current scheduling methods fail to address the dynamic nature of the Military Health System environment. What is needed is an approach to scheduling that can accommodate the dynamic changes in the health environment, an approach that provides not just scheduling but also rescheduling, to ensure that available human resources and facilities are used efficiently and to the maximum benefit of the patients served by the system. We propose an Adaptive Patient Appointment Scheduling System (APASS) for DoD Medical Facilities that monitors a schedule in real-time to detect deviations or changes in resource availability that prevent fulfillment of the schedule. It uses dynamic rescheduling to correct those deviations while preserving the appointments and objectives that must be satisfied by the schedule. The proposed system relies on schedule monitoring to detect disruptions in the schedule; impact assessment to determine the effects of schedule disruptions and prevent them from spiraling into larger problems; and rescheduling to accommodate detected disruptions as well as new objectives (e.g. new appointments) and minimize their impact. We see considerable potential for this approach in enhancing management of the Military Health System and for use in a variety of commercial scheduling applications.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. B. Ravichandran OSD 04-H06 Awarded: 19JAN05
Title:	Dynamic Medical Enterprise Resource Planning
Abstract:	The objective of this project (Phases I and II) is to develop dynamic enterprise wide scheduling and optimization systems for allocations of health care provider personnel, medical equipment, and facilities resources under an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system for complex medical situations. This system will not only optimize the allocation of military health care personnel, equipment and facilities resources but also be designed to provide the patient access to the ERP such that the patient can make ``one-stop'' to fulfill multiple clinic scheduling requirements (for example, the standardized appointment types) and obtain information prior to receiving the health care service(s). Phase I will develop a dynamic enterprise-wide scheduling solution for the military health system and develop the methodology, computational approaches and architectural concepts to support design and implementation of the dynamic enterprise-wide scheduling system. Phase II will develop a prototype system test bed and enlarge the range of existing test scenarios to validate and demonstrate dynamic scheduling and resource allocation within the entire military continuum of care.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(770) 969-3774 Dr. Charles Earl OSD 04-H06 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Intelligent Patient and Resource Management for the Medical Enterprise
Abstract:	Scheduling of medical appointments across the military enterprise presents a number of problems. Studies done of the responsiveness of numerous Military Treatment Facilities have highlighted the need for improvements in the scheduling process. In response to these findings, the Department of Defense has set ambitious targets for improvements in patient responsiveness, such as minimal waiting times for intake, and minimal times from appointment request to appointment date, and the ability to do same day appointments for ancillary laboratory visits. The ability to deliver on these service commitments will hinge upon being able to not only do optimal (with respect to service commitments) scheduling amongst the units of a single MTF, but amongst facilities that are geographically dispersed. It will require the integration of appropriate patient information and integration with other existing infrastructure that facilitate the patient's ability to determine appointment times based upon their preferences. It will require interfaces that allow providers to enter appropriate business logic for their unit in natural ways, as well as facilitate the use of advance scheduling algorithms that can effectively information about resource requirements and availabilities, staff availabilities, and coverage constraints to fast appointment and resource planning. Recent developments in artificial intelligence point to a number of approaches to scheduling that could yield significant improvements in the patient experience, if applied. We propose to investigate such approaches using our Aurora scheduling system as a core technology. We will extend this system to allow for integration with existing DOD healthcare infrastructure.

VECNA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5004 Lehigh Avenue College Park, MD 20740
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 998-5333 Dr. Al Ramsey OSD 04-H06 Awarded: 02FEB05
Title:	Computer-based Dynamic Patient Scheduling and Optimization of Medical Resource Allocation
Abstract:	Vecna proposes to investigate and develop a prototype dynamic priority-based scheduler which applies artificial intelligence and operations research techniques to manage and prioritize patient access to health care in order to minimize time and distant impact on patients and to optimize the allocation of military health care personnel, equipment and facilities resources. Vecna 's Solution includes the development of a web based application, modifications and incorporation of existing Vecna products, and use of a system architecture that complies with the Military Health System's (MHS) Enterprise Architecture.

SPIRE CORP. One Patriots Park Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-6000 Dr. James G. Moe OSD 04-H07 Awarded: 27JAN05
Title:	Field Optimization of Real-time PCR for the detection of Leishmania parasites
Abstract:	The proposed Phase I SBIR program will develop a rapid assay for characterizing blood samples from patients with suspected Leishmania infection. Leishmaniasis affects 12 million people worldwide with 400,000 new cases diagnosed annually. The spectrum of diseases caused by Leishmania spp. includes cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (VL [kala-azar,]). Current methods for detection are complex, costly, time consuming, lack specificity, and difficult to execute. The proposed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signature assay will enable identification to be carried out in single assay that is highly specific, easy to perform, inexpensive, and field deployable. The assay is carried out in two stages. First, a genus-specific RT PCR is carried out targeting the Leishmania genus. For positive samples the SNP signature assay will be carried using the amplicon generated for species identification. The prototype assay will be used to test a series of genomic isolates (positive and negative) that will be requested from the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) as blind samples. From the outcome, preliminary sensitivity and specificity will be determined. During Phase II, the assay will be finalized in terms of probe design, kit configuration, and accessory equipment, and external validation studies will be carried out.

AGAVE BIOSYSTEMS, INC. P.O. Box 80010 Austin, TX 78708
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 272-0002 Dr. Theresa Curtis OSD 04-H08 Awarded: 27JAN05
Title:	Dipstick Assay for Field Detection of Leishmania Parasites using Quantum Dots
Abstract:	A PCR based assay has been developed to detect Leishmania parasites, but PCR requires sophisticated laboratory instruments and trained personnel to interpret the data. The parasite can also be identified in infected sand flies by skillful dissection and microscopic examination but this is subjective and not appropriate for field testing. Antibodies are available that can detect Leishmania parasites and a standard ELISA could be used for detection, but this like the other assays requires trained personnel and sophisticated laboratory instruments. To overcome these shortcomings, Agave BioSystems proposes to develop a dipstick assay to provide a practical tool for assessment of Leishmania infected sand flies in the field. Our novel dipstick assay would use new fluorescent quantum dot technology for detection. This quantum dot assay would be considerably more specific, sensitive, and stable making it superior to standard colorimetric dipstick assays.

VECTOR TEST SYSTEMS, INC. 2033 Yellowthroat Place Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 499-5053 Dr. Kirti Dave OSD 04-H08 Awarded: 27JAN05
Title:	Development of a field-usable diagnostic device for the detection of Leishmania parasites in Sand flies.
Abstract:	VecTOR Test Systems, Inc. proposes to develop and produce the VecTOR Leishmania antigen assay, a field usable assay for detection of Leishmania parasites in sand fly vectors. The proposed assays will be performed in a rapid, one-step immuno-chromatographic process for detection and identification of various Leishmania sp such as L. major, L donovani, and other epidemiologically relevant species in vectoring sand-flies. The technology is based on the simple and reliable wicking immuno-chromatographic detection method by which sensitive test-strip based assays provide results in less than 30 minutes. The proposed dipstick assays will be stable at ambient storage conditions. During Phase I, a sufficient number of tests will be produced for laboratory and preliminary field evaluation. The proposed VecTOR Antigen assays will add to the new vector diagnostic tests and complement the VecTOR Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis and Ross River Virus Antigen assays in development and the commercially available VecTestTM (VecTest is a trademark of Medical Analysis Systems, Inc) panel or individual rapid assay for detection of mosquito-borne pathogens such as Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum and vivax CS Panel assays), Encephalitis (SLE, WEE, EEE) and West Nile virus antigen assays.

EIC LABORATORIES, INC. 111 Downey Street Norwood, MA 02062
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 769-9450 Dr. Michael S. Wilson OSD 04-H09 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Rapid determination of complement activation in the battlefield
Abstract:	The objective of this program is to develop an antibody microarray to facilitate the rapid evaluation of complement activation in injured personnel in the battlefield. Soldiers in the battlefield may sustain multiple types of injury, including trauma, hemorrhage, shock, ischemia, burn, and exposure to toxic substances. These conditions are associated with varying degrees of complement activation, which in turn may lead to further deterioration, if left untreated. Moreover, complement is central to normal physiological defenses against microbial infections, and knowledge of the extent of complement activation will aid in determining its proportional inhibition. The proposed antibody microarray would aid the health care professional to evaluate various parameters in injured personnel, including the extent of complement activation, the specific complement pathway that is activated, whether complement inhibitors should be administered, the type of inhibitor to administer, depending on the complement pathway involved, and the dose of inhibitor to be administered. At EIC Laboratories we have developed methods for fabricating immunological electrode sensors based on antibodies immobilized in a hydrous 3-dimensional iridium oxide matrix. In the Phase I program we will construct a prototype antibody array for the electrochemical detection of two different complement proteins.

ELECTRICAL GEODESICS, INC. 1600 Millrace Drive, Suite 307 Eugene, OR 97403
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(541) 687-7962 Dr. Don M. Tucker OSD 04-H11 Awarded: 10JAN05
Title:	Simultaneous EEG Acquisition and Portable Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Recognition of Traumatic Brain Injury Severity and Outcome Assessments in Far-Forward Military Medical Care
Abstract:	The integration of NIRS measures with EEG could be a significant advance in rapid detection and continuous monitoring of cerebral dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. We have developed a dense sensor array EEG system that can be applied rapidly in a field environment. We have developed a prototype NIRS brain imaging system that can be integrated with the EEG system, in both sparse and dense array configurations. Through both laboratory validation and extensive field testing in military and civilian medical settings, we will create an advanced brain monitoring system that is focused on rapid application and interpretation for emergency medicine.

GENEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 10605 Concord Street, #500 Kensington, MD 20895
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 962-6565 Dr. Steven Yi OSD 04-H11 Awarded: 14JAN05
Title:	Simultaneous EEG Acquisition and Portable Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Recognition of Traumatic Brain Injury Severity and Outcome Assessments in Far-Forward Military Medical Care
Abstract:	Genex Technologies, Inc. (Genex), in collaboration with Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), proposes an innovative and practical NIRS/EEG System for the detection of traumatic brain injuries for use in remote locations such as far forward military medical care facilities. Genex and Walter Reed propose bringing the following two key technologies together to achieve this objective: 1. Integrated NIRS/EEG system design and prototype (Genex) 2. TBI modeling, EEG/NIRS testing, and validation (WRAIR) Genex has developed an integrated miniature electronic control and high-speed image processing engine called the Smart Optical Sensor (SOS) that offers real-time sensor control/synchronization and image processing. We will leverage SOS to achieve miniature EEG/NIRS design.

INFRASCAN, INC. 3508 Market str. Suite 215 Philadelphia, PA 19104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 387-6784 Dr. Baruh Ben-Dor OSD 04-H11 Awarded: 10JAN05
Title:	Simultaneous EEG Acquisition and Portable Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Recognition of Traumatic Brain Injury Severity and Outcome Assessments in Far-Forward Military Medical Care
Abstract:	In the battlefield setting, it is necessary to triage patients with severe injuries. With both open and closed head injuries, the most important factor determining whether or not a patient requires emergency surgery, is the presence of an intracranial mass lesion. CT scanning is the gold standard for identification and localization of traumatic intracranial hematomas. In the battlefield as well in rural areas of the US and in underdeveloped areas of the world, CTs are not available. In our pilot studies conducted at Baylor College of Medicine by Dr. Claudia Robertson and Dr. Shankar Gopinath using the RunManT NIR monitor, sensitivity for extracerebral (epidural and subdural) hematomas was 100% and sensitivity for intracerebral hematomas was 98%. There were no false positives. Investigations with EEG have accurately identified patients with closed head injury, including assessment of severity of damage and prediction of outcomes using EEG coherence and phase analyses. Therefore a dual modalities NIR + EEG system with an integrated display will enhance the statistical power of intracranial hematoma detection. Furthermore the combined metrics will provide with very significant information about a patient's physiological states such as severity of brain damage and functional changes due to head trauma.

CHENEGA ADVANCED SOLUTIONS & ENGINEERING-LLC 610 W. 25th Street Norfolk, VA 23517
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 627-4404 Mr. Mike Abraham OSD 04-H12 Awarded: 02FEB05
Title:	Digital Archive and Access to Lifetime Military Medical Records
Abstract:	Military health records are collected at the installation where the service member separates and is sent to a central military records repository. Subsequent access to these records by the individual, healthcare provider, or by a Veteran's Affairs representative is accomplished via a difficult bureaucratic and manual process. These records are then often lost or misplaced. By combining CASE-LLC and and CHS expertise and experience, we will develop a concept and design to automate these medical records and make them readily accessible by a web enabled system. There are unique challanges in developing the concept and design because of non-standard, descriptive healthcare terrmonology. This design will lead to lowering health care costs, improving patient care and creating predictable models for future planning.

KYOS SYSTEMS, INC. 42 Mohawk Road Canton, MA 02021
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 818-5307 Dr. Kevin Pang OSD 04-H12 Awarded: 02FEB05
Title:	Digital Archive and Access to Lifetime Military Medical Records
Abstract:	The problem to be solved is how to accurately capture, store, and utilize handwritten information obtained from scanned in paper forms such that patients and their civilian healthcare providers can access military health records. The successful solution will enable better healthcare to discharged service personnel and their families through the creation of a continuous record of care. A further potential benefit of this effort is better coordination and communication capabilities between civilian and military healthcare personnel in disaster management scenarios. The key step to success is building the capability to recognize diverse handwriting inputs across multiple healthcare forms. To accomplish this we will apply a novel form-specific and field-specific, constrained vocabulary system approach that we believe will significantly increase character recognition speed and accuracy from handwritten inputs. In Phase 1 we will demonstrate that >90% word accuracy can be achieved for specific scanned in fields from specific forms from diverse handwriting samples. Working with DOD and TRICARE personnel in Phase 2 of this grant we intend to further refine and expand the form and field defined, constrained vocabulary system to achieve >99% word accuracy.

NOVODYNAMICS, INC. 123 North Ashley Suite 210 Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 205-9126 Dr. Steven Schlosser OSD 04-H12 Awarded: 13JAN05
Title:	Digital Archive and Access to Lifetime Military Medical Records
Abstract:	The overall technical objective for this Phase I SBIR effort is to develop a system design for the proposed medical record digital archive system (MRDAS) so that a prototype system can be built in Phase II. During Phase I research and development NovoDynamics will evaluate the use of its documentation exploitation system ArborScriptT as a potential component of the final system. The ArborScript document exploitation system was created for the US intelligence community to process the flood of paper documents being captured by US efforts in the Middle East. For reasons detailed in the Work Plan section of this document, it is anticipated that ArborScript will address many of the technical challenges that will be encountered in the areas of document optical character recognition (OCR), information storage and information retrieval. Research and development will be conducted to evaluate document feature extraction methods and machine learning techniques for automatic document classification. Research and development will also be conducted to evaluate lexicon phrase spotting approaches to information extraction of medical interventions and conditions.

ONTAR CORP. 9 Village Way North Andover, MA 01845
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-9622 Dr. John Schroeder OSD 04-H12 Awarded: 12JAN05
Title:	Digital Archive and Access to Lifetime Military Medical Records
Abstract:	In current military medical records manage system, upon entry of US military on to active duty, new recruits have created for them, individual paper military medical records. These records accompany the military members and are normally stored at supporting military health system clinics or hospitals wherever they are stationed throughout their military careers. Upon retirement or separation, the record is turned in to military personnel managers at the installation where the member separates and is sent to a central military records archive facility. Subsequent access to the records can only accomplished via a difficult process. Ontar Corporation proposes a digital archiving system for archiving the contents of the active military medical records file upon retirement or separation of the military member, prior to permanently filing the medical records so that these records and the medical histories they contain can be securely accessed, searched and data mined via the TRICARE Web portal by authorized user. The proposed system will use advanced digital mark and character recognition technology combined with smart indexing and tagging of critical medical data strategy. The system will include a user friendly document management tool to improve the experience of the archiving process. The system will provide standard Web Service interface to allow applications on heterogeneous system, from difference location retrieving the medical record instantly as needed through secured internet communication. At the conclusion of Phase I we will deliver to OSD a prototype system that demonstrates the feasibility of archiving paper records and retrieving and data mining digitized records. In phase II, we will develop a fully functional digital archive system for archiving and accessing lifetime military medical records. We will also look into the automating solution to migrate military medical records from the legacy CHCS I system to the digital archive repository.

VISUAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK, INC. 8201 Greensboro Dr - suite 820 McLean, VA 22102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 448-0999 Mr. Kenneth Lucas OSD 04-H12 Awarded: 13JAN05
Title:	Digital Archive and Access to Lifetime Military Medical Records
Abstract:	The current paper-based process for accessing military medical records for retirees or separated personnel can be cumbersome and inefficient. Care delivery and patient management can be hindered by lack of access to important patient information throughout the Continuum of Care. This paper-based system creates logistical issues, and increases the risk of losing vital patient medical information. In addition to logistical issues, the current paper-based system for managing military medical records imposes limitations regarding the breadth, simplicity, and speed of data queries or data mining. These queries are important to clinicians and patients to facilitate care management and delivery, as well as being important when conducting longitudinal studies to increase healthcare capabilities across the Continuum of Care. The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of modifying ViTel Net's MedVizer Informatics Integration Platform (MIIP) to create a digital system for archiving paper military medical records and provide secure web-based access to those records for separating or retiring military personnel.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION CORP. 13029 Danielson Street, Suite 200 Poway, CA 92064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 679-4140 Dr. Dariusz Wroblewski OSD 04-H13 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Tools for Dynamic Integration of Medical Informatics Systems
Abstract:	Comprehensive response to medical emergencies, including acts of terrorism and natural disasters, will require improved coordination between civilian and military healthcare systems. The ability of emergency medical response teams to remotely access medical health records of individual patients will significantly improve the emergency healthcare decision process and quality of resulting treatment. However, health records are typically scattered among a number of healthcare institutions and are stored in a variety of formats. Communication between various healthcare informatics systems is hampered by the lack of widely implemented standards for content, format, and transmission. IAC (Intelligent Automation Corporation) proposes to employ its expertise in data and application integration to design and implement a system for rapid integration and presentation of data from diverse, heterogeneous medical informatics systems. The proposed system makes use of emerging standards for the electronic patient data records, novel ontology-based information processing approaches, and platform-independent open architecture based on Web services. The Phase I work will provide initial demonstration of methodology and software architecture.

LOGOBOTS LLC 60 E 32nd Street, #204 Chicago, IL 60616
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(312) 328-0252 Mr. Rajeev Priyadarshi OSD 04-H13 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Patient-Centric Standards-Based Information Integration
Abstract:	Rapid response to homeland security related incidents requires dynamic integration of military and civilian medical information systems. Currently, this integration process has been difficult to accomplish due to various factors: diversity of medical information systems, lack of universal data standards, plethora of data formats (text,images,video, audio), and the semantic mismatch between the different systems. The last issue, that of semantic integration, is particularly difficult. Dynamic integration involves the use of an integration engine that can perform semantic mapping of the different systems involved. Semantic interoperability is a challenging technical problem. Given any two (database) schemas, it is difficult to automatically map data elements to each other. Syntactically identical element names/labels may represent semantically different entities. Conversely, the same semantic element (such as a patient name) might be represented through different data structures in the two information systems. The overall objective of the proposed Phase I effort is to create the "Logobots Integration Engine" which is a enterprise software product that will enable seamless semantic interoperability between military and civilian medical information systems. This engine will facilitate continuity of care when DoD personnel have to be treated at civilian healthcare facilities.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Kai Chan OSD 04-H13 Awarded: 18JAN05
Title:	Tool for Dynamically Integrating Military and Civilian telemedicine and Medical Informatics systems for Homeland Security
Abstract:	There is no established standard in sharing data between various medical record systems. Thus the integration and sharing of data between systems has been difficult. Nevertheless, most medical databases nowadays use commercial database engines (e.g. oracle) as their backend. These commercial database engines support data exchange through XML. Thus provide us with a mean to exchange data between systems. The obstacle in exchanging data between systems lies in the schematic and semantic difference between databases. Here we propose using XQuery technology to overcome the schematic differences and using UMLS to overcome the semantic differences. The result is a data integration system that is flexible and can be easily configured to adapt to various database backends and application frontends. In order to minimize the learning curve necessary to master XQuery programming, automatic generation of XQuery scripts will be added to thhe system.

CFD RESEARCH CORP. 215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 726-4800 Dr. Zbigniew Sikorski OSD 04-H14 Awarded: 13JAN05
Title:	Portable Near Infrared Detection of Blast Lung Injury
Abstract:	Broadband Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (DOS) is a novel technique to quantitatively measure bulk tissue absorption and scattering spectra in the near infrared. DOS is potentially an ideal Primary Blast Lung Injury (PBLI) monitoring technique. The overall objective of this project is to model, test, and validate NIRS/DOS assessment of PBLI in Phase I, then develop a small portable field deployable ambulatory test prototype NIRS/DOS device in Phase II. First, simple Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) experiments will be conducted using pig chest wall and lungs to evaluate light penetration through the chest walls and optimize source/detector geometry. Then NIRS signatures of the appropriate PBLI injury scenarios (e.g. pneumo-hemothorax, hemorrhagic edema) will be identified. The results will be used to assess the broadband NIRS/DOS measurements of chest wall/lung absorption and scattering properties at the Beckman Laser Institute, where the broadband DOS was pioneered and advanced. Reliable tissue models are important part of the DOS technique. They are used to quantitatively relate detected light signal to absorption and reduced scattering coefficients that are indicators of the pulmonary physiologic state (hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation). CFDRC will develop software for calculation of the Diffuse Photon Density Wave propagation in realistic chest wall/lung tissue and pathologic conditions. In Phase II prototype NIRS/DOS PBLI device will be developed, tested at UCI and CFDRC and commercialized.

GENEX TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 10605 Concord Street, #500 Kensington, MD 20895
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 962-6565 Dr. Steven Yi OSD 04-H14 Awarded: 14JAN05
Title:	Develop Portable Near Infrared Technology fo Detection of Pulmonary Function Following Blast Injury
Abstract:	Genex Technologies, Inc (Genex) in collaboration with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) proposes herein an innovative and practical NIRS System for the detection of traumatic lung injuries for use in remote locations, such as the far forward military medical care facilities. Genex and Walter Reed propose bringing the following two key technologies together to achieve this objective: 1. NIRS system design and prototype (Genex) 2. TLI modeling, NIRS testing, and validation (WRAIR). Genex has developed an integrated miniature (2" by 2" form factor) electronic engine dubbed the Smart Optical Sensor (SOS) that offers real-time sensor control/synchronization, data acquisition, and signal/image processing (Figure 2). By customizing SOS for the NIRS applications, we will be able to build a portable NIRS based instrument. Genex's 3D Rainbow camera, providing 3D boundary conditions, is already used in diffuse optical tomography (DOT) applications for breast and lung related NIR imaging applications.

INNOVATIVE TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS, INC. 733 Bishop Street, 28th Floor Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 441-3607 Dr. J. Hunter Downs III OSD 04-H14 Awarded: 13JAN05
Title:	Assessing Post-Blast Pulmonary Function using NIRS
Abstract:	With bombings and explosions being the primary terroristic method, ongoing military related bombings, and other industrial accidents such as gas explosions, there is a need for a rapid and portable instrument for assessing blast-related pulmonary dysfunction. A similar, if not identical, instrument has far reaching implications in diagnosing, monitoring, and treating the various forms of lung disease. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers the potential to spatially identify areas of pulmonary dysfunction, the presence of foreign bodies within the lung field, and at the same time provide breathing and cardiac frequency information. In this project, the development of such a device is proposed as is a plan for testing that device.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Paul Shnitser OSD 04-H14 Awarded: 13JAN05
Title:	Infrared Blood Detector
Abstract:	To address the need of the U.S. military for a compact, field-deployable device for fast evaluation of the severity of blast-induced lung injury, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop the new Infrared Blood Detector (IBD) based on frequency domain infrared spectroscopy. It measures phases and amplitudes of photon density waves reflected from the lung boundary. This handheld, battery-powered device will detect hemorrhaging and estimate the severity of bleeding by comparing the amplitudes of photon density waves at several points on the patient's right and left sides. The IBD will also quantitate blood oxygenation in the breast muscles to estimate lung respiratory function. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of the IBD design, and will validate IBD suitability for evaluation of lung injury on a specially developed phantom model. In Phase II POC will develop an IBD prototype for use in an ambulatory patient care environment and to evaluate its utility and accuracy in one or more animal models.

ATC - NY 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-1975 Dr. Rob Joyce OSD 04-H15 Awarded: 12JAN05
Title:	BLISS: BLood Inventory Submission System
Abstract:	The Joint Medical Asset Repository (JMAR) is being successfully used to track medical supplies in near-real-time, saving time, money, and lives. However, assets housed at a temporary emergency-response location, near the battlefield, or any other location without the proper installation, can not be tracked using JMAR. In order for JMAR to meet our national needs as a facility for accessing blood and blood product levels throughout the United States and other locations worldwide, a new mechanism must be provided for quickly entering data. ATC-NY and Architecture Technology Corporation will create BLISS, an easy-to-use web-based utility for entering data into the JMAR database. Using BLISS, authorized personnel at any facility with web-access will be able to provide up-to-date inventory levels for storage in JMAR's database.

DAVID BUCZEK & ASSOC., INC. 3200 Brynwood Place Oak Hill, VA 20171
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 861-5332 Mr. David A. Buczek OSD 04-H15 Awarded: 14JAN05
Title:	Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP), Blood Reserve Availability Surveillance System (BRASS)
Abstract:	David Buczek & Associates (DB&A) is well equipped to conduct technical research for the Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP) in defining requirements for a Blood Reserve Availability Surveillance System (BRASS). The proposed Phase I research effort will accomplish the following: prove the efficacy of utilizing a web-based manual data collection approach to capture ASBP blood and blood inventory data in a central data repository; define the unique policies, procedures, and restrictions that dictate the identification, transfer and use of blood and blood products inventory data from ASBP Blood Donor Centers and Transfusion Services; develop one or more BRASS system designs that creatively overcome the policy, regulatory, environmental, and technical challenges of the ASBP, and that enable the surveillance of the ASBP blood and blood products inventory for key status indicators. The DB&A team has direct experience working with the ASBP and understands the unique nature of the Program. They also have specific experience in managing blood related data to support management decision making. This combination of ASBP knowledge and experience equips DB&A with the expertise needed to conduct the required technical research in an exceptional manner and sets the foundation for commercializing the resulting BRASS.

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, INC. 3141 Fairview Park Drive, Suite 700 Falls Church, VA 22042
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 333-2188 Dr. James S. Cunningham OSD 04-H15 Awarded: 14JAN05
Title:	Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP), Blood Reserve Availability Surveillance System (BRASS)
Abstract:	This project will encompass three critical objectives. First, there will be an assessment of the current operating status of JMAR with respect to blood and blood products. Second, ESI will develop a detailed technical approach to enhancing the data entry mechanisms, includeing but not limited to direct manual entry to a web-based interface. Third, the enhanced data entry functions will be accompanied by the identification of a set of alternative approaches to making BRASS a robust information and reporting system, including opportunites for structured and on-demand management analyses, the potential for integration with civilian blood collection agencies, and the information infrastructure of evolving initiatives for a National Blood Reserve and a civilian Blood Availability and Safety Information System (BASIS).

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC. 1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 260-5274 Dr. Madhav Erraguntla OSD 04-H15 Awarded: 12JAN05
Title:	Blood Reserve Availability Assessment, Tracking, and Management System (BRAMS)
Abstract:	We propose to design and develop Blood Reserve Availability Assessment, Tracking, and Management System (BRAMS) that will supplement the Joint Medical Asset Repository (JMAR) by allowing users to manually enter data via a web-based system. BRAMS will implement data integrity and access control mechanisms to ensure that the data entered is valid, and not duplicated by other data sources. Our experience with the JMAR data warehouse will ensure that the results of the proposed effort are successfully integrated and transitioned to JMAR. In addition to extending the data coverage and trust in JMAR data, the proposed effort will use data mining and knowledge based analyses to transform the Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP) and JMAR from a reactive agency to a forward looking, proactive agency. Innovative solutions that will be implemented in BRAMS include predictive logistics and forecasting, agent based alerts and notifications, emergency response management, and transportation optimization. BRAMS will enable program and preparedness managers to use data mining and analytics to detect problems, analyze underlying drivers for system behavior, evaluate alternate solutions, and optimize the supply chain. The Phase I effort will build a prototype BRAMS. Phase II will deploy the BRAMS within a focused military logistics application.

DAVID BUCZEK & ASSOC., INC. 3200 Brynwood Place Oak Hill, VA 20171
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 861-5332 Mr. David A. Buczek OSD 04-H16 Awarded: 18JAN05
Title:	Armed Blood Services Program, Bloodborne Pathogen and Donor Deferral Early Warning System
Abstract:	David Buczek & Associates (DB&A) is well equipped to conduct the necessary technical research to aid the Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP) in defining requirements for a Blood-borne Pathogen and Donor Deferral Early Warning System. The proposed Phase I research effort will accomplish the following: document data collected as a result of ASBP blood donor screening and deferral activity, and testing completed on ASBP collected blood; gather and standardize the data, and then determine baseline donor deferral and test result rates; define appropriate methods to automatically transfer, and/or manually input data into a central data repository, and the business rules that guide these processes; and develop one or more design concepts for a Blood-borne Pathogen and Donor Deferral Early Warning System. The DB&A team have direct experience working with the ASBP and understand the unique nature of the Program. They also have specific experience in managing blood program data to support management decision making. This knowledge and experience equips DB&A with the expertise needed to conduct the required technical research in an exceptional manner and sets the foundation for commercializing the resulting Blood-borne Pathogen and Donor Deferral Early Warning System research results.

LISSOM, INC. 225 emerson lane berkeley heights, NJ 07922
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(908) 322-8715 Mr. Carl Mattocks OSD 04-H16 Awarded: 18JAN05
Title:	Armed Blood Services Program, Bloodborne Pathogen and Donor Deferral Early Warning System
Abstract:	The Centers for Disease Control recently stated that continued vigilance is critical to protect the blood supply from known pathogens and to detect the emergence of new infectious agents. The Food and Drug Administration has also recently issued guidance on prudent steps to safeguard the U.S. blood supply from SARS. This proposal identifies the Research & System Design tasks resulting in the production of readily-implementable design concepts for a DoD centralized Blood Pathogen & Donor Alert Compendium ("BPDAC"). Which is an online system designed to protect the DoD blood supply by providing early warning of increases in donor deferral patterns and detections of bloodborne pathogens.

ADLYFE, INC. 9430 Key West Avenue, Suite 210 Rockville, MD 20850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 424-8344 Dr. David H. Ho OSD 04-H17 Awarded: 11JAN05
Title:	Development of a hemostatic wound dressing incorporating lyophilized platelets
Abstract:	The main goal of this proposal is to develop stabilized freeze-dried Yucatan pig platelets that will retain the majority of platelet biological properties, but can be stored in the dry state for years. These platelets will be incorporated into a hemostatic dressing that will control bleeding in the Yucatan pig wound and bone healing model. This proposal is based on the extensive amount of work already performed at Adlyfe, where stored human freeze-drying trehelose-loaded platelets, upon reconstitution with water, demonstrated normal response to physiological agonists as well as able to release growth factors in controlled spatial and temporal manner. In phase I, key structural and functional parameters will be measured in vitro to determine the efficacy of the freeze-dried Yucatan pig platelets as hemostatic agent. These studies will be critical toward the pre-clinical and clinical development of this important hemostat therapeutic proposed for Phase II.

DAVID BUCZEK & ASSOC., INC. 3200 Brynwood Place Oak Hill, VA 20171
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 861-5332 Mr. David A. Buczek OSD 04-H18 Awarded: 18JAN05
Title:	Armed Blood Services Program (ASBP), Donor Relationship Management System (DRMS)
Abstract:	David Buczek & Associates (DB&A) is well equipped to conduct the necessary technical research to aid the Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP) in defining requirements for a Donor Relationship Management System (DRMS). The proposed Phase I research effort will accomplish the following for the ASBP: identify demonstrated Best Practices used by similar voluntary donation organizations to increase donations; document the unique policies, procedures, and restrictions that determine how the ASBP can engage blood donors; produce one or more design concepts for an ASBP DRMS, and; document an evaluation of Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) relationship management products that determines the extent to which they meet the unique functional and technical requirements of the ASBP DRM environment. The DB&A team has direct experience working with the ASBP and understands the unique nature of the Program. They also have specific experience in helping organizations improve how they manage customer and partner relationships. This combination of ASBP knowledge and knowledge of the DRMS solution space equips DB&A with the expertise needed to conduct the required technical research in an exceptional manner and sets the foundation for commercializing the resulting DRMS.

AGILTRON CORP. 220 Ballardvale St., Suite D Wilmington, MA 01887
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 694-1006 Dr. Jack Salerno OSD 04-L01 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	High Power Laser-Host Material
Abstract:	The present invention is a low cost method of mass-producing large size, ultra-fine grain Nd:YAG laser ceramics. Agiltron's approach will potentially lead to a new generation of engineered polycrystalline laser materials exhibiting new performance and cost attributes that are not previously attainable. The proposed technology uses a vacuum hot press sintering process to overcome conventional limitations in the doping concentration, doping homogeneity, transparency, mechanical strength, sample geometry, and fabrication cost inherent in singlecrystal forms. Our approach further incorporates high-purity nano-scale mano-dispersed Nd:YAG powder to make ultra-fine Nd:YAG ceramics with improved thermal-mechanical and optical properties. Moreover, leveraging Agiltron's extensive experience on complex shaped ceramics fabrication, complex shaped Nd:YAG ceramics with internal cooling channels will be fabrication using extrusion technique. Through this program, we anticipate to achieve significant improvement over the current state-of-the-art in Nd:YAG ceramics based high power lasing materials. We plan to demonstrate the new material based laser with at least a 53% optical-to-optical conversion efficiency and internal cooling.

NGIMAT CO. 5315 Peachtree Industrial Blvd. Atlanta, GA 30341
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(678) 287-3967 Dr. Radenka Maric OSD 04-L01 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Polycrystalline Laser-Host Material
Abstract:	Oxide nanopowders are increasingly used in manufacturing laser-quality polycrystalline materials for military and civilian applications. Despite the advances in component processing and design for improved optical transmission, new concepts and technology are needed to produce high-purity raw material nanopowder on a large scale. nGimat Co., in collaboration with Penn State University, is proposing a Phase I SBIR program to demonstrate and develop a large-scale, cost-effective manufacturing process for high-purity yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) and 1%Nd doped YAG nanopowders. Optical absorption, emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime of these materials will be measured and compared to that of single crystals fabricated by the Czochralski method. By utilizing nGimat's unique aerosol generator, the Nanomiser� device, and inexpensive equipment and chemical precursors, the proposed process offers high-purity, cost savings and flexibility in controlling Nd distribution as a luminescence element in YAG. Selected transparent polycrystalline YAG and 1% Nd doped YAG sintered tiles and/or disks with in-line transmission properties close to single crystal Nd-YAG will be provided to the Army Research Laboratory for evaluation. Successful completion of Phase I objectives will lead to a Phase II effort to complete development and commercialization of the low-cost, high-volume powder manufacturing technology.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 255-9809 Dr. Triplicane A. Parthasarathy OSD 04-L01 Awarded: 10DEC04
Title:	Polycrystalline Laser-Host Material
Abstract:	We propose to demonstrate that fine-grained polycrystalline Nd-doped YAG can be fabricated at low cost with optical properties close to those of single crystals. Its ease of fabrication in complex geometries makes it an ideal material of choice for solid state laser host material for use in Airborne Laser (ABL) and Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) weapons systems. We will demonstrate that dense fine-grained polycrystalline Nd-doped YAG can be fabricated at low cost and that this material is fully transparent with inline transmission characteristics close to that of single crystals. Phase II will focus on scale-up and demonstration of performance as laser host material at levels of at least 53% optical-optical conversion efficiency with 500mW of continuous output centered at 1064nm wavelength.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Mr. Michael D. Nahas OSD 04-SP1 Awarded: 23FEB05
Title:	Lowest-Cost Attack Path (L-CAP)
Abstract:	Architecture Technology Corporation (ATC) proposes an attack model based on attack paths. An attack path is any sequence of steps in an attack tree that will lead to a successful attack. The model then computes the safety of the program as the minimum cost attack path, "the path of least resistance". That is, the attack path where every other attack path would be more expensive. As part of previous research, ATC has already created a low-fidelity software-protection model that was based on attack paths. That model's purpose was to help guide selection of obfuscating transforms. That model was designed to be very fast to compute and does not produce especially accurate results. For this research, ATC is proposing to use that experience to build a higher fidelity (and more time consuming) model.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Paul G. Gonsalves OSD 04-SP1 Awarded: 02MAR05
Title:	Adaptive Software Attack Modeling System (ASAMS)
Abstract:	The pervasiveness of software is nowhere more evident than within DoD, the largest buyer of software systems and services in the world. The proliferation of the digital battlespace and the emergence of network-centric warfare concepts only seek to further DoD's reliance on software systems. Such a reliance provides an ample opportunity not only for the nefarious exploits of lone wolf computer hackers, but for more systematic software attacks from organized entities (e.g., hacker groups, trans-national terrorist organizations, nation-state cyber-warfare operations, etc.). While much success has been garnered and an on-going vigilance is prevalent to prevent and ameliorate network and OS attacks, a concomitant emphasis is required to address protection of mission critical software. Here, we propose an Adaptive Software Attack Modeling System (ASAMS). Our novel approach integrates an off-line mechanism for rapid construction of Bayesian belief network (BN) attack models with an on-line model adaptation and knowledge acquisition scheme. Model construction is supported via a cognitive task analysis based knowledge elicitation approach for identifying key domain requirements and a process for translating these requirements into a library of BN-based attack models. On-line attack modeling and knowledge acquisition is supported via BN evidence propagation and model parameter learning.

SECURITY INNOVATION, INC. 1318 S Babcock St Melbourne, FL 32901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 952-6990 Dr. Terry Gillette OSD 04-SP1 Awarded: 22FEB05
Title:	Attack Modeling Technology and Methodology
Abstract:	Software protection has matured significantly in recent years. In the commercial world, robust Digital Rights Management (DRM) architectures have evolved. In the government space, concern over binary protection has resulted in powerful techniques to secure executable code. With the momentum towards the next generation secure computing base increasing, the novel binary protection being considered by the military will be incorporated in key OS code modules. Currently, the growth in these technologies has out paced our ability to implement them effectively. Absent is a methodology that will allow the developers of binary protection a means of assessing attacks on binary code. A technology that incorporates information gathered during red teaming and extended through analysis to make predictions of survivability. This document describes research into those key areas required to build a extendable framework able to support binary protection modeling and attack simulation. The primary nodes in this framework will eventually be represented by attack patterns, attack profiles, a dictionary of appropriate terminology and a set of parameters relative to the domain of binary attack. Once in place, this framework will allow the security engineer to selectively build attack trees that effectively model both binary protection and the associated attacks against it.

ANACAPA SCIENCES, INC. 301 East Carrillo Street 2FL, P. O. Box 519 Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 966-6157 Dr. Robert Dick OSD 04-SP2 Awarded: 16FEB05
Title:	Next Generation Software Reverse Engineering Tools
Abstract:	The products of this SBIR effort, Phase I through Phase III, will comprise a broad trajectory within the state of the art in next-generation software reverse engineering (SRE). Our Reverse Engineering Advancement Lab (REAL), will perform security auditing; serve as a obfuscator benchmark tool for testing new software protection technologies; recover source (or near source) code from binary executable files on a variety of platforms, from a variety of languages; enable understanding of both the static and dynamic properties of software systems; and be flexible and extensible enough to support defeating protection schemes not currently envisioned. Our team of SRE theorists and practitioners will create this family of tools by hybridizing the best reverse engineering techniques [not tools] of the current generation. We will then develop our next-generation tools based on the hybridized techniques, as described in the proposal. We will create new user interfaces (UIs) necessary to support the extensive user/tool interaction that is [proved] essential for successful attack on complex, real world software - see proposal for discussion of this significant issue. Our Phase I effort will exceed the SBIR requirements by providing OSD with an initial set of REAL functional tools.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Mr. Michael D. Nahas OSD 04-SP2 Awarded: 23FEB05
Title:	AfterShock
Abstract:	Architecture Technology Corp. (ATC) proposes a reverse-engineering toolset named AfterShock. This toolset will use dynamic analysis and will build one work done for ATC's static reverse-engineering tool, Earthquake. AfterShock will use Valgrind, an open-source dynamic code modifying tool, to gather data from execution traces of the target program. AfterShock will then analyze and convert those traces into ObRTL, an intermediate language developed for Earthquake. Lastly, AfterShock will have a GUI that lets users analyze the execution traces and identify program features, like variables, loops, branches, and functions. ATC expects AfterShock to be better than the state-of-the-art toolset: a debugger and disassembler. AfterShock will gather data faster than in a debugger, ease analysis by using the clean ObRTL language rather than idiosyncratic assembly language, and be useful in more situations than a disassembler.

GRAMMATECH, INC. 317 N. Aurora Street Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 273-7340 Mr. Thomas Johnson OSD 04-SP2 Awarded: 25FEB05
Title:	Trace-Based Disassembly
Abstract:	We propose to develop a trace-based disassembler and integrate it with our break-through binary analysis tool, CodeSurfer/x86. A trace-based disassembler builds a trace of the instruction sequence that is executed at run time (during one or more runs of the program). The trace is analyzed to construct control-flow graphs for each of the procedures, which are then used to generate an assembly listing. This approach will make CodeSurfer/x86 applicable to binaries that employ anti-tamper techniques known as control-flow obfuscations. In particular, we will focus on the potential to unravel self-modifying code. CodeSurfer/x86 will also be used to drive a static disassembler to help "flesh out" the program listing generated by the trace-based disassembler.

HBGARY, INC. 574 E Weddell Drive, Suite 8 Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 529-4370 Mr. Greg Hoglund OSD 04-SP2 Awarded: 01MAR05
Title:	Next Generation Software Reverse Engineering Tools
Abstract:	New tools are needed to perform vulnerability assessments of software protection techniques currently being developed in response to the DoD Anti-Tamper (AT) / Software Protection Initiative. As evident in the commercial sector, after a new technique is developed for protecting intellectual property resident within software, a counter measure around that technique is subsequently developed and widely distributed through the Internet. This leads to a never-ending cycle of constantly improving the protection in order to stay in front of the reverse engineering community. HBGary proposes that an automated runtime disassembly engine can overcome most obfuscation techniques because it will run actual program instructions and will not have to deal with interpreting complex code. So long as the test tool can achieve near 100% code coverage, it is expected to be able to reverse engineer the whole program. Exhaustive execution of all possible control flow paths is achieved with a technique described as Automated Flow Resolution. Executed code is disassembled during runtime and ultimately recovers program instructions, control flows, and data registries.

INDIGO INNOVATIONS, INC. 215 Fowler Dr. Monrovia, CA 91016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 305-7369 Mr. Randy Brumbaugh OSD 04-SP2 Awarded: 08MAR05
Title:	Orthomorphic Tool for Next-Generation Reverse Engineering
Abstract:	Anticipation of the next generation of reverse-engineering tools and techniques is as vital to those seeking to protect against reverse-engineering as it is to those who want tools to use for reverse-engineering. We are proposing a novel reverse-engineering method that has benefits for both groups. Essentially we hypothesize that a computer program has certain static and dynamic properties that can be roughly described as a multi-dimensional "shape" of the program, and that this shape can be observed by observing the trace it gives when projected onto several axes. These traces can then be used as input to pattern matching and classification systems that yield information useful in reverse-engineering. The field of pattern matching is a wide and rich one and provides many techniques for analysis of data. We believe that human greybeards who are experts in reverse engineering are both highly skilled pattern matchers, and maintain a wide and deep knowledge of patterns to look for in computer program reverseengineering. In this way the proposed technique is a natural extension and automation of proven human expertise.

SECURITY INNOVATION, INC. 1318 S Babcock St Melbourne, FL 32901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 952-6990 Dr. Terry Gillette OSD 04-SP2 Awarded: 22FEB05
Title:	Next Generation Software Reverse Engineering Tools
Abstract:	Software protection continues to evolve rapidly while in the government space, state sponsored reverse engineering teams conduct attacks on binary code. As a result, concern over binary protection has become a matter of national security. This has resulted in a new generation of powerful techniques to secure executable code. Currently, the growth in these defensive technologies has weakened the very tools we rely on to evaluate protection. With first generation reverse engineering tools ineffective, how does one insure that new vulnerabilities have not been introduced alongside the new protections? What do potential second generation attack tools look like? With new binary defenses deployed, our adversaries will eventually develop offensive tools to mitigate the protection. By developing these tools first, we extend the survivability of protected binary beyond what is currently thought to be adequate. This document proposes an approach to building one such second generation technology. This document describes the research required to build a robust and extendable framework able to support binary protection evaluation. The primary nodes in this framework will be represented by specific second generation attack tools and technologies. The core foundation of this proposed architecture currently exists as the Instruction Interception (I^2) prototype.

ANGEL SECURE NETWORKS, INC. 127 Washington St. Belmont, MA 02478
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 489-7304 Mr. Fred Smith OSD 04-SP3 Awarded: 25FEB05
Title:	Automating Software Protection with the Random Obfuscating Compiler Version 2 (ROC2) running on Beowulf Clusters
Abstract:	We propose to develop ROC2 to protect software from reverse engineering or compromise by automatically inserting strong Protect/Detect/React functionality into binaries by obfuscating executables, providing randomly different variants of the same binary, and permitting the software only to run on the target site, all without performance penalty or knowledge of source code. ROC2 extends the Random Obfuscating Compiler (ROC1) we previously developed for OSD/AFRL, to protect IP from adversaries with root privileges, the one class of adversary who could conceivably defeat ROC1. The US is at war. Our adversaries continually strive to reverse engineer critical software to eliminate our technological edge. We think ROC2 is feasible now. Fred Smith, PI, was PI on ROC1, which we demoed successfully for AFRL in November 2003. Dr. George Markowsky, chairman of the University of Maine Computer Science Department, will contribute extensive Beowulf computing facilities and expertise in LINUX and UNIX. We will design and build a prototype ROC2 that proves feasibility when tested on Beowulf clusters, then perform security penetration attack analysis to determine ROC2's effectiveness. Testing our ROC2 prototype in the HPC environment will provide a sound basis for developing a complete prototype toolset in Phase II.

ARXAN RESEARCH, INC. 3000 Kent Avenue , Purdue Technology Center West Lafayette, IN 47906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(765) 775-1004 Dr. John Rice OSD 04-SP3 Awarded: 28MAR05
Title:	Automated Tools for Software Protection Technology Insertion
Abstract:	Protecting national security software against unauthorized distribution and exploitation is necessary for the protection of intellectual property (IP) and secrets in our nation. Modern software attack and analysis tools have become, along with their users, more skilled at analyzing and modifying programs. Currently, technologies that protect, detect, and react (PDR) to the exploitation of binary executables are inserted in a manual or semi-automated fashion. This method of insertion, especially manual insertion, is labor intensive, time-consuming, and subject to human error. This proposal describes a method for utilizing current PDR insertion and measurement technologies which can be used to build an automated tool that quickly and securely generates binary executable protections that fit within given performance and size constraints. The approach described is unique in that it uses artificial intelligence to evolve optimal protections. Such an approach could pave the way for future software security standards.

SOFTWARE & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 160 Beach Moutain Rd Mansfield, CT 06250
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 456-2022 Mr. Victor Civie OSD 04-SP3 Awarded: 02MAR05
Title:	Automated Software Tamperproofing Techniques
Abstract:	The main objective of this project is to prevent the reverse engineering or anti-tampering of military software and related technology and provide an automated method to install anti-tampering technologies. Of significant concern to the military is the capture of advanced weapons. Technologies contained in the hardware can be exposed by reverse engineering the software. Reverse engineering techniques applied by an adversary could result in the successful operation of these weapons. The proposed methods serve to thwart the most advanced military reverse engineering tools. Our proposed technologies will effectively eliminate the operations performed by off the shelf debugging and tracing reverse engineering tools. This project will provide effective, robust and reliable solutions to the reverse engineering problem.

SPACE MICRO, INC. 12872 Glen Circle Road Poway, CA 92064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 309-7701 Mr. David R. Czajkowski OSD 04-SP3 Awarded: 14FEB05
Title:	Automated Tools for Software Protection Technology Insertion
Abstract:	Protection of critical software from unauthorized distribution and exploitation is critical for many DoD applications. Software written for these applications is completed using commercial design and development toolsets. While the output of these toolsets can take many forms (source code, binary code, etc.), all these formats are subject to unauthorized distribution, tampering and/or reverse engineering. The primary problem becomes the protection of DoD's critical source and/or executable codes, including binary object code. Tools and methods are needed to implement a "Protect/Detect/React" system that protects the DoD's software. Space Micro has teamed with Accord Solutions and CyberDog Communication, to develop interrelated technologies that provide protection for source and executable codes. The technologies, called Object Level FirewallsT (OLFW), Reconfigurable Architecture for Software Protection (RASP) and Hidden Op Codes (HOP) provide very strong and easy-to-use protection. These technologies provide for "protection" of software, but do not include the "detect" and "react" portions of the problem. The innovation proposed, called "AutoSafe", is to use the Customer Authentication Security Server (CASS), which is embedded within each technology, to create an automated system of inserting the desired level of protection, while also adding the "detect" and "react" functions into a fully automated software protection system.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Mr. Matthias H. Wollnik OSD 04-SP4 Awarded: 22FEB05
Title:	Polymorphic Virtual Machines
Abstract:	We describe an approach to protect programs from differential analysis that is free of some of the drawbacks of traditional techniques. The approach does not rely on program analysis to determine applicability, so it can be uniformly applied to any program. Polymorphic variation in binary software arises from the details of the transformation itself, an not any inherent property of the protected program; resulting in a wider class of induced differences. The effects of this approach cannot be trivially undone by normalization of programs or execution traces. We propose explicit and detailed experiments to address both effectiveness and performance. Strategies to reduce the performance overhead of the approach are described and investigated.

INDIGO INNOVATIONS, INC. 215 Fowler Dr. Monrovia, CA 91016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 305-7369 Mr. Randy Brumbaugh OSD 04-SP4 Awarded: 22FEB05
Title:	Polymorphism and Metamorphism Through Code Weaving
Abstract:	Improved software protection has been identified as an important need by government and industry. Typically much of the value in software is in the underlying algorithms and techniques which may be compromised by reverse-engineering. In many cases, these algorithms represent trade secrets, classified information, or are sensitive and must be protected. Software protection benefits by borrowing ideas and concepts from many areas of expertise. Polymorphism and metamorphism are techniques often associated with computer virus writers; these techniques allow code with identical functionality to take on many "shapes." In viruses, this makes virus code difficult to detect and remove; in software protection, these same properties make reverse-engineering by differential binary comparison difficult. This innovation is a novel technique for polymorphic code generation. With extensions and enhancements described, this becomes a metamorphic technique. Both provide many possibilities for protecting software, although the more advanced metamorphic technique is arguably both more interesting and more powerful. This technique provides formidable protection against reverse-engineering by differential attacks since identical source code can produce vastly different binaries. But the technique has other benefits in protecting against reverse-engineering and unauthorized execution and distribution of software.

KESTREL TECHNOLOGY LLC 3260 Hillview Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94304
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 320-8888 Dr. John J. Anton OSD 04-SP4 Awarded: 02MAR05
Title:	Specification & Refinement for Application Diversity
Abstract:	The broad research objectives of this project are to: � develop a prototype system called MUTATOR (Mutant Generator), based on speciﬁcation and automated reﬁnement, for the cost effective and assured generation of possibly hundreds of diverse implementations of a software component; � develop a prototype system called WHAM based on runtime adapativity that dynamically adapts a program based upon input-dependent state changes � examine how to curtail the impact of an attack that is based on knowledge of the code layout or performance characteristics of any one implementation; � assess the effectiveness of promising approaches on one or more MUTATOR- and WHAM-based applications.

LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 5485 Belt Line Rd, Suite 200 Dallas, TX 75254
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 852-0443 Dr. P. Nick Lawrence OSD 04-SP4 Awarded: 22FEB05
Title:	Polymorphic Software
Abstract:	Our new computational paradigm, Correlithm Object Technology, provides a fresh approach to the development of polymorphic and/or metamorphic software tools. We will use this paradigm to develop tools to transform software applications and input data into high-dimensional bounded spaces where actual program execution will occur, then transform output data back into standard formats. While in the high-dimensional spaces, programs and data will resemble nothing so much as random noise. In Phase I, we will design and build a prototype tool to prove the feasibility of our concept, then perform security penetration attack analysis on software protected by the prototype tool, and fully report the results. In Phase II we will software engineer a finished toolset for polymorphic and metamorphic software protection and test it against security penetration attacks to determine the nature and degree of the protection provided.

PIKEWERKS CORP. 9 Forrest Street Alexandria, VA 22305
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 969-6404 Ms. Sandra Ring OSD 04-SP4 Awarded: 23FEB05
Title:	Software Protection by Polymorphic and Metamorphic Transformations
Abstract:	Integrity and security of application programs critical to National Security are vulnerable to differential analysis, reverse engineering, and exploitation of static buffer overflows. Without incorporating software protection initiatives, these vulnerabilities can be leveraged by an attacker to distribute a program without proper authority, tamper with its intended functionality, expose techniques behind proprietary algorithms, and launch viruses/worms against identical applications on distributed hosts. We propose to demonstrate the importance of diversity in application binaries and the feasibility of utilizing polymorphic (static) and metamorphic (dynamic) transformations as protection mechanisms. As our past research has demonstrated, these are highly efficient methods that can be incorporated into both Government and commercial applications with tremendous success.

2LRESEARCH 190 Green Valley Road Owens Crossroads, AL 35763
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 656-9652 Mr. Luis R. Lopez OSD 04-SP5 Awarded: 23FEB05
Title:	Malicious Logic Behavior Monitoring and Control System
Abstract:	This SBIR effort proposes to develop tools that enable a capability in tamper proof source code. The proposed methods will protect against several modes of attack including malicious programmers, source code viruses, and system worms. The tools and techniques proposed are based on the fundamental logical structure of the application under protection and offer dynamic monitor and control of runtime behavior. This effort develops unique logic-based signatures of source code using syntax-independent control logic flow patterns. Control flow patterns yield specific detectable signatures that can be extracted from source code as well as binary code. Because they are based on functional control flow, the signatures are also related to functional behavior, thus, any modifications to the code that alter behavior also alter its logic signature - a source code will have the same signature as its binary despite the compiler used. These concepts apply across computer languages, operating systems and development tools to independently detect and enforce the logic and behavior integrity of code from source thru binary. The result of successful SBIR development will significantly reduce critical vulnerabilities associated with the development and reuse of mission critical source code assets within defense systems.

AVENDA SYSTEMS 14125 Berry Hill Lane Los Altos Hills, CA 94022
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 520-8543 Mr. Kumar Sundararajan OSD 04-SP5 Awarded: 02MAR05
Title:	MABAS - Malicious Application Behavior Analysis System
Abstract:	The market for products that monitor and detect malicious code will gain considerable traction as more organizations try to protect their computer systems from ever increasing attacks. Avenda Systems proposes a behavior based malicious logic monitoring and detection system called the Malicious Application Behavior Analysis System (MABAS) that is application and platform independent with a low performance impact. The system consists of tools and techniques that insert software behavior monitoring and control mechanisms into an application to detect inappropriate behavior. This is currently a feature gap in solutions that target malicious code. Avenda Systems has the expertise to develop a practical and highly effective behavior based logic monitoring and detection system. Organizations, both military and civilian enterprises, can use this system to defend their computer systems against attacks. The technologies employed in this product are practical and innovative and have not been implemented in commercially available comparable products. Prototype development in Phase I will provide the knowledge and foundation for building a complete product in Phase II, and a commercially viable product in Phase III.

GRAMMATECH, INC. 317 N. Aurora Street Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 273-7340 Dr. David Melski OSD 04-SP5 Awarded: 24FEB05
Title:	Run-Time Process Monitoring
Abstract:	Malicious logic may be intentionally inserted into software as is the case with insider attack, or innocent mistakes may open vulnerabilities to worms and the like. We propose a double edged approach to inserting monitoring logic for machine code on all operating systems in order to ensure that: (1) Interactions with the operating system are consistent with the original code, and (2) the interactions with the operating system obey arbitrary security policies that may be specified at will by the user. Approach (1) restricts the program to its intended behavior; this prevents attacks from worms and viruses and offers protection against unanticipated attacks that cause the program to behave in an abhorrent fashion. Approach (2) prevents insider attack by explicitly disallowing malicious behavior that the attacker has managed to insert into the "intended" program behavior.

UNICON, INC. 31441 Santa Margarita Pkwy, Suite A-275 Rancho Santa Margari, CA 92688
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 589-3488 Mr. Paul Cadaret OSD 04-SP5 Awarded: 03MAR05
Title:	An Interface Monitoring Approach to Malicious Logic Detection
Abstract:	Software is now a critical part of our national security infrastructure. Critical DOD software systems that are compromised can put lives in jeopardy. With the threat of the insertion of unauthorized or malicious logic into critical software systems the ability to detect and expose such code is a significant concern. Any software that performs any function whether malicious or not is only useful when it interacts with the `outside-world'. A compromised program's best chance at exhibiting malicious behavior is through such outside-world interactions as well. Since most software where malicious behavior is a significant concern runs on structured environments such as commercial or publicly available operating systems (OS), this proposal presents methods to monitor software that interacts with the outside world via OS system calls and library interfaces. Methods and tools are described that allow the activity of programs to be monitored, statistics gathered, patterns of use gathered, usage patterns monitored, abnormal behavior detected, and reactive security measures initiated. Tools are also identified to assist in this process.

ATC - NY 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-1975 Mr. Daryl McCullough OSD 04-SP6 Awarded: 25FEB05
Title:	AESOP - Automatic Extraction and verification of Security features Of Programs
Abstract:	To address the threat of malicious third party software modules, ATC-NY, Professor Dexter Kozen, Cornell University, and Architecture Technology Corporation, will create AESOP, a static analysis tool that automatically extracts a digest of the security-relevant behavior of a software module at compile-time, which can be verified at load-time for accuracy and for compliance with a security policy. This digest will act as a code pedigree guaranteeing the trustworthiness of the program. Examples of policies that will be supported include the specification of proper I/O behavior and restrictions on the access to system operations and resources.

GRAMMATECH, INC. 317 N. Aurora Street Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 273-7340 Dr. Paul Anderson OSD 04-SP6 Awarded: 24FEB05
Title:	Sanitizing Software of Malicious and Unauthorized Code
Abstract:	Development of modern software applications involves the use (or reuse) of a large number of software components from many different developers - some of whom may be unknown, untrustworthy, or even hostile parties. A comprehensive approach is needed for identifying malicious and unauthorized code in large software systems. We propose to do a comprehensive review of techniques for detecting malicious and unauthorized code, and to develop prototypes of the most promising approaches. Our review will focus on static analysis techniques that may prove the absence of some malicious code. Our initial efforts will focus on software model checking, clone detection, and buffer overrun analysis.

SOFTWARE & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 160 Beach Moutain Rd Mansfield, CT 06250
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 456-2022 Mr. Victor Civie OSD 04-SP6 Awarded: 28FEB05
Title:	Malicious and Damaging Binary Code Elimination
Abstract:	This project represents a major advance in the elimination of malicious and otherwise destructive code. The proposed method has the potential to be the most effective tool available to detect and eliminate all harmful code and unauthorized software activities originating from a software program. Software is an integral part of most weapons and other military systems. There is a continuously growing need to integrate software from outside sources. Currently, there is no guarantee that such outside software does not contain malicious code. This proposed system performs a automated damage potential examination at the lowest levels of program execution. Complex and ineffective signature recognition is made obsolete as the proposed process certifies that a program is void of malicious or otherwise harmful code.

ATC - NY 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-1975 Dr. David Rosenthal OSD 04-SP7 Awarded: 22FEB05
Title:	Software Pedigree Analyzer
Abstract:	Software protection methods are needed in order to prevent the unauthorized distribution and exploitation of critical national security software. This proposal addresses software protection during the software development process, and in particular, the collection, analysis, and response mechanisms associated with auditing how software is built. Such information for a code module is called its software pedigree. Pedigree information includes system information, software protection tool use, development history, and user authentication information. ATC-NY proposes to build SPAN, a pedigree analyzer that will build and support the analysis of software pedigrees. Such a tool can help to identify inappropriate actions such as failing to apply the appropriate level of software protection to some component. It will also act as a deterrent to malicious users by facilitating the identification of a user responsible for an inappropriate action.

AVENDA SYSTEMS 14125 Berry Hill Lane Los Altos Hills, CA 94022
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 922-0105 Mr. Ganesan Venkataraman OSD 04-SP7 Awarded: 02MAR05
Title:	SPAR - Software Pedigree Analyzer and Reporter
Abstract:	Organizations and companies are now recognizing the importance of security in the life cycle of software development and code maintenance. Several recent studies have shown that the risk of not integrating security into the software life cycle can have highly negative impacts. There are some disparate tools and products currently available to monitor and mitigate the risks, but a comprehensive solution is needed for covering the entire pedigree of the software development and release. Avenda Systems proposes a Software Pedigree Analyzer and Reporter (SPAR) solution to monitor, track, analyze and report pertinent data during various phases of software life cycle including code development, product build, release and patch distribution. The solution works with a distributed set of file servers and source code management and version control systems. It supports multiple hardware and software platforms. Avenda Systems will demonstrate the knowledge and foundation to develop a prototype of tools and methods in Phase-I, deliver a complete solution in Phase-II, and a commercially viable product in Phase-III.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3250 Ocean Park Blvd., Suite 100 Santa Monica, CA 90405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 581-5440 Dr. Azad M. Madni OSD 04-SP7 Awarded: 14FEB05
Title:	SoftTraceT: A Toolkit for Documenting, Analyzing, and Maintaining Software Pedigree
Abstract:	As part of its overall charter, the Software Protection Initiative (SPI) Technology Office is interested in maintaining the pedigree of code during the development phase of the software lifecycle to ensure code integrity. Phase I of this effort is concerned with researching the strengths and weaknesses of various techniques for maintaining code pedigree, and evaluation advantages, disadvantages and risks associated with: new development, application level tools, and kernel level tools. Phase I will conclude with the development of a prototype that embodies the most promising technique based on the preceding research.

SENTAR, INC. 4900 University Square, Suite 8 Huntsville, AL 35816
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 430-0860 Dr. Leigh A. Davis OSD 04-SP7 Awarded: 03MAR05
Title:	Secure Environment for Distributed Development (SEDD) using the Software Pedigree Analyzer (SPA)
Abstract:	During large software development projects, assuring tamper-proof source code is often difficult or impossible. Currently, many projects are vulnerable to attacks-both insider and external. The Software Protection Initiative (SPI) is charged with the task of ensuring all modifications to a project's source code can be accounted for using a Software Pedigree Analyzer (SPA). The SPA provides a method for tracking modifications and ensuring user authenticity via a mechanism for non-repudiation. When malicious code is detected, the SPA would allow a project manager to determine exactly which developer made the modification, what specific changes were made, and when the changes occurred. This requires certain data be collected-primarily the who, what, when, where, and how of the source code modifications. Additional capabilities include documenting each change, the ability to revert previous code versions, monitoring personnel activities during source code access, and notifying the proper authorities during abnormal activities. Sentar and SYColeman have teamed to propose a Secure Environment for Distributed Development (SEDD) architecture in order to protect the code pedigree of a software project. SEDD will act as a distributed development environment which programmers access to modify the source code while retaining control over the source code at all times.

UNICON, INC. 31441 Santa Margarita Pkwy, Suite A-275 Rancho Santa Margari, CA 92688
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 589-3488 Mr. Paul Cadaret OSD 04-SP7 Awarded: 03MAR05
Title:	A Certified Tool-Chain Approach To Software Security (pedigree)
Abstract:	Software is now a critical part of our national security infrastructure. Compromises in critical software systems can put lives in jeopardy. With the inclusion of foreign software into critical software systems the ability to detect, locate, and expose malicious or unauthorized source code is a significant concern. This proposal presents the use of a multi-level certifying tool-chain as an approach that greatly improves the ability to authenticate code pedigree and reliably identify code integrity, thereby providing an enabling technology to detect tampering and ultimately provide software protection and security. Such a scheme provides a means to protect software in source, relocatable-binary, library, shared-object, and executable binary forms and therein we can provide a reasonable level of end-user software security. A top-to-bottom discussion is presented that describes a typical distributed software development process with such modifications. The discussion also takes into account problems related to trust `flow-down' that may be encountered with authenticating and certifying software modules developed overseas. Since a comprehensive authentication scheme that is difficult to use will likely not be used, the proposed approach also focuses on techniques that can be made relatively easy to use at each level. We also describe how code pedigree is tracked.

EDAPTIVE COMPUTING, INC. 1245 Lyons Road, Building G Dayton, OH 45458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 433-0477 Dr. John Bellando OSD 04-TC1 Awarded: 15JAN05
Title:	Technology for Trusted Circuits
Abstract:	Future weapons and defense systems used by the DoD are critical elements to the armed forces and national security. Therefore, it is conceivable that during the design and manufacturing process IC's are susceptible to the covert addition of intentional malicious attack functionality that compromises the integrity of the hardware. This embedded functionality could serve purposes similar to software viruses, operating system backdoors, or Trojan horse mechanisms for system access. DoD customers must be able to verify the intended functionality while ensuring the trusted nature of the delivered IC's. Currently, this is difficult or impossible to do in a non-destructive manner, which demands the need for new improved methods of establishing trust in the design and verification stages of development. Our proposed Obtaining Circuit Trust Through Active NonDestructive Evaluation (OCT2ANE) solution provides innovations in three key areas: System Design and Capture, Automated Manufacturing Integration and Non-destructive Verification. Our solution is consistent with EDAptiver Systems Engineering methodology and tool suite which provides a framework for the proposed solution. This methodology is based upon the premise that system requirements can be captured unambiguously in a computer-sensible manner, thereby enabling computer interpretation and analysis of these requirements.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 2851 Commerce Street Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Barry Polakowski OSD 04-TC1 Awarded: 13JAN05
Title:	Technology for Trusted Circuits
Abstract:	Integrated circuits (ICs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and systems-on-chip (SoCs) are used in a wide spectrum of vital DOD equipment. The vast majority of these chips are manufactured overseas at untrusted locations. While a chip design can be verified by US personnel, a window of opportunity exists for opposing forces during the fabrication stage. An attacker can potentially insert additional circuitry which could add to, disable, or modify the function of a device. Due to the cost effectiveness of COTS devices, one cannot solve this problem by manufacturing these chips in a trusted foundry. Luna Innovations developed a method to authenticate the integrity of fabricated circuits and plans to verify the process during this SBIR program. A feasibility study, vulnerability report, and various qualification metrics will also be addressed.

TALON LOGIC CORP. PO Box 5604 Charlotte, NC 28299
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 388-6696 Mr. F. Yee OSD 04-TC1 Awarded: 10JAN05
Title:	Technology for Trusted Circuits
Abstract:	There is a serious concern about the availability of classified and trusted advanced custom integrated circuits (ICs) for critical defense systems. (Particularly for advanced application-specific integrated circuits.) The migration offshore of semiconductor manufacturing and the continued worldwide consolidation of the industry due to the increased capital costs is driving these trends. Many of the commercial sources are foreign owned and/or perform manufacturing or critical functions located in foreign countries. It is conceivable that additional circuitry or embedded functions might be surreptitiously added to the circuit, somewhat analogous to a software virus, backdoor, or Trojan horse. In general, IC users have no way to ensure and verify the trustworthiness of these IC's, that they absolutely conform to system requirements and advertised design specifications. In particular, under current practices it is difficult or impossible to non-destructively examine packaged IC's to establish complete trust that each specific IC faithfully implements only the intended designs specifications, behaves predictably, and executes only intended functions. An innovative methodology is proposed for ensuring the trustworthiness of a packaged Integrated Circuit. Our approach is a cost-effective design, and test, technique that provides non-destructive results and offer the widest coverage of trust issues to enable users to trust the ICs they employ. Our proposal improves the ability of the semiconductor industry to provide trusted sources of critical parts. Our proposal offers a standard by which to quantify the measure of trustworthiness of a circuit. (1)