DoD SBIR FY07.1 - SOLICITATION SELECTIONS w/ ABSTRACTS

DoD SBIR FY07.1 - SOLICITATION SELECTIONS w/ ABSTRACTS
Air Force - Navy - DTRA - CBD - OSD - SOCOM

---------- AF ----------

357 Phase I Selections from the 07.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard Blvd, SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 432-6560 Dr. Matthew Whiteley AF 07-002 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Aero-Optics Beacon
Abstract:	MZA proposes development and evaluation of optimal estimation methods for beacon measurement supporting adaptive optics compensation of aero-optics and free-stream turbulence. The proposed method takes into account the modal covariance properties of near-field and far-field beacon sources and their relation to the phase required for HEL correction. Optimal estimation can be adapted to several available options for beacon placement. The proposed methods will be validated through wave-optics simulation using aero-optics and free-stream turbulence with the appropriate beacon sources. To quantify the underlying statistics of the aero-optical disturbances for which there is no theoretical construct, we propose laboratory wavefront sensor measurements of aero-optical flow capitalizing on the expertise of our partner, Notre Dame. We will also perform laboratory characterizations of air-breakdown "laser sparks" from a short-wavelength laser. These measurements will demonstrate the feasibility of forming such a beacon in a follow-on phase of the program and will provide design information to assess our hardware concept. We will develop a preliminary design for a meaningful Phase II laboratory demonstration of the concept advanced in Phase I. This plan will address implementation issues related to beacon formation and beacon measurement supporting application of the optimal estimation methods.

PASSAT, INC. 720 N. Hammonds Ferry Road Linthicum Heights, MD 21090
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 609-2006 Dr. Guerman Pasmanik AF 07-002 Awarded: 14MAR07
Title:	A Self-Focusing Rayleigh Beacon for the Compensation of Aero-Optic Turbulence in Airborne High Energy Laser Systems
Abstract:	The performance of Rayleigh beacons can be substantially improved by using a laser pulse with a peak power close to the critical energy for self-focusing. The self-focusing pulse provides a beacon spot smaller than that can be obtained using diffraction limited optics and provides a more coherent return wave front at the primary telescope. Picosecond lasers are the ideal light source for such a self-focusing beacon. This proposal describes a high-speed, self-focusing beacon system based on a rugged, compact, all-solid state picosecond laser combined with a photodiode-based, high-speed Hartmann-Shack sensor.

GRASSMERE DYNAMICS 774 Bob Stiles Road Gurley, AL 35748
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 776-7471 Mr. Rodney L Clark AF 07-003 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Advanced Analog Micro-lens Technology
Abstract:	This proposal will demonstrate the feasibility of producing diffraction-limited anamorphic microlens arrays for Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors used on very large aperture astronomical telescopes with multiple off-axis laser guide stars. A high-quality lenslet arrays will be fabricated with gray scale mask lithography and reactive chemical etching. Four advanced gray scale photolithographic mask technologies will be evaluated. Two will be selected for gray scale mask fabrication. A selection between the two masks will be made from the quality of the lenslets they produce in photoresist. The best performing photoresist lenslets will be reactive ion etching at our teaming partner's facility, MEMS Optical, Inc. to produce finished micro-lens array.

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Dr. Justin D. Mansell AF 07-003 Awarded: 09APR07
Title:	Advanced Micro Optics Technology
Abstract:	We propose to demonstrate two different novel process techniques for creating custom micro-optics.

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard Blvd, SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Mr. Stephen C. Coy AF 07-004 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Design, Analysis, and Optimization Environment for Directed Energy Systems
Abstract:	We propose to develop a comprehensive model-based system engineering environment designed to support the design, development and optimization of directed energy systems, including both high powered microwave (HPM) and high energy laser (HEL) systems. We propose to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of this environment by showing how it could be applied in the design, development, and optimization of a DE system to be carried aboard a representative Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), with the capability to develop and evaluate both HPM and HEL-based system designs within the same framework. The proposed environment would be designed to support all phases of the design and development process, from the first "what-if" games all the way through concept evaluation, design, implementation, incremental integration, and testing. It would provide powerful integrated facilities for automated system level design optimization based on user-defined requirements, priorities, and constraints. Our ultimate objective is to provide to the DE R&D community a model-based system engineering platform on par with the kinds of virtual engineering environments which have already revolutionized the automotive and aircraft industries.

P.C. KRAUSE & ASSOC., INC. 3016 Covington Street West Lafayette, IN 47906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(765) 464-8997 Dr. Eric Walters AF 07-004 Awarded: 14MAR07
Title:	Design, Analysis, and Optimization Environment for Directed Energy Systems
Abstract:	The primary objective of the proposed work is to demonstrate proof of concept for a directed energy system analysis and design environment. This analysis and design environment will be based upon Distributed Heterogeneous Simulation (DHS) technology. DHS allows the interconnection of models developed in different simulation languages running on different computing platforms to form an integrated system simulation. The Phase I effort will focus on incorporating high-power microwave device models into a simulation of the electric power system of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The simulation will be used to evaluate the steady-state and transient system performance as well as to carry out system/component design studies. PCKA will collaborate with Lockheed Martin and the Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory to obtain component models and to ensure the effort is directed toward specific Air Force needs.

VOSS SCIENTIFIC, LLC 418 Washington St., S.E. Albuquerque, NM 87108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 255-4201 Dr. Clifton Courtney AF 07-004 Awarded: 16MAR07
Title:	Development of a Modeling and Simulation Framework for Complete Directed Energy Systems
Abstract:	To support the Air Force need for a high power microwave (HPM) / high energy laser (HEL) simulation environment, we propose to develop a framework that is based on our existing HPM modeling framework, Mockingbird. Framework development will continue along Mockingbird's original design path, to include support for HPM / HEL system simulation and optimization. The flexible framework will support component models created in a variety of popular simulation applications, by supplying the necessary communication, translation, and synchronization structures required to simulate and optimize a complete system built from those components. Architectural elements to allow distributed computation and communication with other applications throughout the modeling and simulation pyramid will also be examined. All areas of the framework architecture will be developed and specified, including component model interface layers, system simulation and optimization, user interfaces, data display and archival, external application interfaces, and documentation support. A prototype version of Mockingbird will be used to build a system from component models generated by multiple simulation applications. The application's simulation and optimization capabilities will then be applied to that system. Mockingbird prototype software will be delivered to the customer at the conclusion of the Phase I effort.

ACULIGHT CORP. 22121 20th Avenue SE Bothell, WA 98021
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 482-1100 Dr. Fabio Di Teodoro AF 07-005 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Fiber-based, high peak power mid-infrared source
Abstract:	We propose the development of a transportable, highly flexible, fiber-based high-peak-power optical source capable of operating at mid-infrared wavelengths.

POLARONYX, INC. 470 Lakeside Drive, Suite F Sunnyvale, CA 94085
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 245-9588 Dr. Jian Liu AF 07-005 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	A compact all fiber-based fs-TW laser system
Abstract:	Based on our success in developing the world first commercial 100 micro Joule <200 fs fiber laser system and our leading technology development in ultrashort pulsed fiber laser, PolarOnyx proposes, for the first time, a fs-TW high energy/power (>25 mJ and >1000 W) fiber laser system to meet with the requirement of the solicitation AF071-005. It is a specialty fiber based MOPA incorporating our proprietary technology of pulse shaping, spectral shaping and polarization shaping. These will make the fiber laser transmitter system superior in terms of wall plug efficiency (over 10%), power (>1000 W), pulse width (< 200 fs), size, and cost. A tabletop experiment of 1 mJ energy will be demonstrated in Phase I time frame for proof of the concept. A demonstration of >25 mJ will be given in Phase II.

Q PEAK, INC. 135 South Road Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-9535 Dr. Evgueni Slobodtchikov AF 07-005 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Cr:ZnSe Ultrafast, High-Power, Mid-IR Source
Abstract:	Q-Peak proposes to develop a ~100-fs pulse, high-peak-power source based on the combination of an efficient fiber-laser-pumped, Cr:ZnSe master oscillator and a power amplifier. The high-peak-power, femtosecond output pulses at 2.5 microns will be used to pump an optical parametric generator that will convert 2.5-micron radiation into tunable mid-IR between 3 to 5 microns. The technology approach parallels that of Ti:sapphire-laser-based ultrafast systems, but involves operation at mid-IR wavelengths.

AGILOPTICS 1717 Louisiana, NE Suite 202 Albuquerque, NM 87110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 268-4742 Dennis Mansell AF 07-006 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Low-Cost Compact Adaptive Optics Systems
Abstract:	We propose to develop, build and commercialize a compact, low cost adaptive optics system based around existing membrane mirror technology and commercially available curvature sensors

ENIG ASSOC., INC. 12501 Prosperity Drive, Suite 340 Silver Spring, MD 20904
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 680-8600 Dr. Harold L. Rappaport AF 07-007 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Multiphysics Modeling of High Voltage Explosive Flux Compression Generators
Abstract:	A program to investigate flux compression generator internal voltage intolerance is proposed. This study will coordinate flux compression generator simulations with gas breakdown theory and simulations. The goal of this work is to show that careful modeling of this system can reproduce the experimentally observed voltage intolerance and then propose and demonstrate remedial actions that can be taken to improve it. Flux compression generator numerical modeling tools will provide time-domain evolution of electric fields, magnetic fields, and current densities. Gas breakdown modeling will show if stray conducting paths through the gas are present for specified gas pressure. The effect of these stray paths on FCG operation will also be modeled. Several hypotheses are advanced in this proposal to explain why FCG voltage tolerance is poor. Both axial and end initiated FCG simulations are given. The theory of breakdown of magnetized electronegative gases is described. Two-dimensional gas breakdown simulation results are also presented. Additionally, it is proposed that a comprehensive flux compression generator (FCG) code development project based on commercially available Multiphysics code package be used to investigate the causes of high voltage intolerance of FCGs and to improve the high voltage performance of FCG.

THE CARE'N LLC 12137 Midway Drive Tracy, CA 95377
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 749-0241 Dr. Jay Benton Chase AF 07-007 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	High Voltage Explosive Flux Compression Generators
Abstract:	Helical magnetic flux compression generators have been used for five decades to amplify electrical energy and current from high explosives. Although they can now be modeled quite accurately, there are practical limitations, based on internal electrical breakdown, that limit both their compactness and ability to operate at high output voltages. The Care'n LLC proposes to overcome this limitation through careful application of 3D electrostatic and inductive electric field calculations based on magnetic and electric vector potentials. Furthermore, we will assess the heretofore unaddressed issue of MHD field generation due to the motion of insulating gas through the magnetic field. The results of these studies will be incorporated into the FCG modeling code, CAGEN, which already accurately calculates the performance of helical FCGs, without any empirical factors, in the absence of electrical breakdown. The code will then be used to explore optimization strategies that take into account, explicitly, electrical breakdown thresholds.

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Dr. Donald Washburn AF 07-008 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Tactical HEL Weapon Alignment System Architecture Options and Trade Offs
Abstract:	This SBIR will create a tactical beam control architecture that minimizes mirror count and complexity for a High Power Tactical Laser System with a 30 cm aperture. In particular we will: 1) generate and evaluate component concepts that form the building blocks for the architecture; 2) generate a preliminary tactical architecture and define the required technology developments; 3) generate a detailed analysis and simulation plan for evaluating and optimizing the architectures; 4) generate risk reduction suggestions based on the architecture.

OPTICAL PHYSICS CO. 26610 Agoura Road, Suite 240 Calabasas, CA 91302
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 880-2907 Dr. Richard A. Hutchin AF 07-008 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Low Mirror Count Tactical HEL Beam Control Architecture
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project will investigate a novel optical control high energy laser (HEL) beam control architecture that has only six high power components between the HEL module and the target. The beamline is considerably simpler, smaller and lighter than what is possible with current architectures. Furthermore, almost every component performs multiple functions, dramatically reducing the part count. There is only one Deformable Mirror (DM), one Coarse Steering Mirror (CSM), and one Fast Steering Mirror (FSM), which all can be integrated into the beam director. Phase I work involves a thorough trade study of candidate HEL architectures, followed by identification of key component technologies required for the selected architecture. Then, the analyses and simulations as well as risk reduction efforts necessary to demonstrate functionality and validate performance will be defined. These procedures will lead to a Phase II prototype design that addresses the broad spectrum of issues that are pertinent in HEL architecture development. Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST) of El Segundo, California has provided a support letter. Provided that the Phase I effort demonstrates success, intends to be our subcontractor during the Phase II effort.

REMCOM, INC. 315 S. Allen St. , Suite 222 State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 861-1299 Mr. Gregory Moss AF 07-009 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Improved Electromagnetic PIC Particle Current Weighting Near Conformal Boundaries
Abstract:	The proposed work addresses the need for a comprehensive particle simulation software package which provides advanced geometry meshing techniques to reduce inaccuracies encountered using standard orthogonal Cartesian FDTD grids. Currently there exists a void in commercial PIC software. Government and private researchers of plasma and particle physics find themselves spending many man-hours developing complex computational codes and algorithms to fit their specific needs. The goal of the proposed work is to provide plasma and particle physicists with a comprehensive software package which will provide a full range of numerical solutions with an easy to use graphical user interface and powerful visualization capabilities. The computational approach will be based on the kinetic description of plasmas and use particle simulation techniques such as PIC and Monte Carlo methods. These particle simulation algorithms will be implemented alongside Remcom Inc.'s current full-wave three-dimensional FDTD solver, XFDTD. XFDTD includes advanced CAD modeling and import, accelerated meshing routines, adaptive meshing capabilities, conducting, UPML and periodic boundary conditions, and thorough result visualization. These existing capabilities will provide a strong foundation for the inclusion of the aforementioned particle simulation methods and allow for a quick evaluation of newly developed FDTD/PIC grids.

WAVE COMPUTATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1800 Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway, Suite 204 Durham, NC 27707
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 419-1500 Dr. Tian Xiao AF 07-009 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	A New Hybrid Method for High-Order EM-PIC Simulations
Abstract:	We propose to prototype and test a new 3-D hybrid technique that combines two efficient algorithms, (a) the discontinuous Galerkin pseudospectral time-domain (DG-PSTD) method and (b) the boundary conformal finite-difference time-domain (BC-FDTD) method, as a high-order solver for electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EM-PIC) simulations. This hybrid technique overcomes the well-known limitation of existing EM-PIC solvers due to their stair-stepping approximation. The proposed hybrid method uses domain decomposion to divide the problem into DG-PSTD regions with coarse structures and BC-FDTD regions with fine structures. As the DG-PSTD method has spectral accuracy and the BC-FDTD method has second-order accuracy, the overall convergence of this EM-PIC solver is better than second order. The team has already developed the most relevant techniques for the pure electromagnetics problem in an existing commercial prototype, Wavenology EM Pack, and has worked on plasma simulations. The proposed 3-D hybrid numerical EM-PIC solver will be integrated into this commercial prototype. It promises to effectively mitigate spurious effects caused by the stair-stepping approximation in the EM-PIC simulation.

G A TYLER ASSOC., INC. 1341 South Sunkist Street Anaheim, CA 92806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 772-7668 Dr. Terry J. Brennan AF 07-010 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Fast Synthetic Scene Generation for Directed Energy Applications
Abstract:	The computational burden of simulating incoherent imaging of large extended objects, through high turbulence, using conventional wave optics simulation techniques is very significant. This simulation capability is crucial for evaluating performance of such systems as the Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL). Several innovative approaches to this problem, that will significantly reduce the computational requirements, are proposed. These approaches are based on rigorous analysis of the imaging problem with certain simplifying assumptions. The applicability of these techniques will be thoroughly evaluated with wave optics codes. A previous technique developed by tOSC, based on fast generation of point spread functions by interpolation through Rytov phase screens, has demonstrated a speed improvement of 25 over conventual techniques. These new concepts will reduce the computational time by another factor of 10.

MZA ASSOC. CORP. 2021 Girard SE, Suite 150 Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 245-9970 Dr. R. Russell Butts AF 07-010 Awarded: 12MAR07
Title:	Fast Synthetic Scene Generation for Directed Energy Applications
Abstract:	Some of the analysis and computer simulation tools used to evaluate directed energy target tracking systems must have the capability to generate realistic simulated target and background imagery. The images are often degraded by atmospheric turbulence or other phenomena. For many wave optics simulations, the calculations required to effect the transformation from the target reflectance to the distorted and blurred image as seen by the track sensor dominate the simulation run time. MZA proposes to evaluate three different techniques that hold promise for speeding up generation of synthetic target and background scenes. The first will use an analytic model developed for another project that can rapidly generate the required images. The model needs to be better characterized and optimized. The second will evaluate replacing the interpolation done in the MZA lighttunnel algorithm with optimal estimates to reduce the total number of wave optics propagations required. The third technique, cross section averaging, will pre-compute the tilts introduced by each turbulence screen in a wave optics simulation. This approach may offer dramatic improvements in computational efficiency. The evaluations will rely heavily on the MZA WaveTrain wave optics computer simulation.

TAU TECHNOLOGIES LLC 1601 Randolph Rd SE, Ste 110 S Albuquerque, NM 87106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 244-1222 Mr. Aaron Birenboim AF 07-010 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Fast Synthetic Scene Generation for Directed Energy Applications
Abstract:	We will prototype a fast-running, accurate pristine scene generation capability that combines the accuracy of modern infra-red (IR) signature generation with advanced bidirectional reflectivity distribution function (BRDF) models. The generated scenes will consist of wide-band passive, laser-band (active) and range maps, to support a full suite of electro-optical sensors including coherent imaging laser radar. This will be coupled with a fast-running, accurate propagation methods to predict the beam irradiance at the target, the active return image and the passive return image, all consistent with modern turbulence and atmospheric propagation theory. These methods must preserve the artifacts that degrade both the beam at the target and the returned imagery. To test the developed methods, we will demonstrate atmospherically degraded synthetic scenes using a relevant example such as an Airborne Tactical Laser (ATL) test at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR). These scenes will be directly applicable to the development and testing of active tracking and aimpoint maintenance algorithms.

AGILTRON CORP. 15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-1200 Dr. Jack Salerno AF 07-011 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Moderate Power Mid-Infrared and Infrared Fiber Lasers
Abstract:	Agiltron proposes to develop a mid-IR fiber laser having inherently attractive features of high efficiency, high power, good beam quality, single-piece robust construction without the need for optical alignment, large surface to volume ratio for efficient thermal management, lightweight, and compact footprint. The design is closely coupled with our unique expertise in low loss mid-IR chalcogenide fiber fabrication and IR photonics. The approach overcomes the difficulties associated with in-fiber cavity mirror fabrication and relatively low optical power threshold in mid-IR fibers, representing a practical opportunity to realize a new type of rare-earth doped mid-IR fiber laser. The proposed laser adopts recent developments of high performance cladding-pumped fiber geometry and loop based in-fiber mirrors. In Phase I, we will fabricate a proof of concept breadboard fiber laser emitting three wavelengths in the 3 - 5 micron band. Full system demonstration will be realized in the Phase II Program.

IRFLEX CORP. 12019 Heather Down Dr. Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(418) 655-4228 Dr. Francois Chenard AF 07-011 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Novel Fiber Laser for direct lasing in the Mid-Infrared
Abstract:	The current DIRCM laser solutions in the mid-infrared (3-5 micron) suffer limitations and disadvantages such as excessive size and weight, long initial cool-down time (cryogenic temperatures), short operating time, limited duty cycle, complex packaging, low wall plug efficiency, poor beam quality and limited output power. These limitations and disadvantages make it difficult to utilize these lasers on space-limited combat aircraft. IRFlex proposes an innovative solution to this problem that leverages recent advances in mid-infrared fiber technology. The proposed work will demonstrate lab operation of an innovative new fiber laser doped with rare-earth for direct lasing in the mid-infrared. This new fiber laser approach enables the development of next-generation DIRCM lasers with the required power (multi-Watt class), compactness, lightweight, electrical efficiency, room temperature operation, good beam quality and robustness required for future DIRCM systems.

COHERENT APPLICATIONS, INC. 7 Sandpiper Ct. Hampton, VA 23669
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 850-3508 Mr. Diego F. Pierrottet AF 07-012 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Laser Remote Sensing for HEL Damage Assessment
Abstract:	CAI proposes to develop an innovative approach to advance algorithms and system technology for rapid and robust assessment of damage produced by high energy laser weapon systems. Using high speed coherent detection laser radar, a combination of measurement techniques are tied together to produce an efficient sensor for long range damage assessment.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Applied Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Plac Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Russell Kurtz AF 07-012 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Real-time Holographic-Optical-Element-Based Damage Assessment for HEL Weapon Systems
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for rapid, robust, remote real-time damage assessment for HEL weapon systems, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a Holographic-Optical-Element-Based Damage Assessment (HOEDA) system. The proposed HOEDA fuses data from three laser remote-sensing technologies: laser remote polarimetry, vibrometry, and spectroscopy. The innovative multifunctional HOE-based beam divider will enable the HOEDA to assess the structural and surface damage of the target by measuring the damage-induced changes in polarimetric, Doppler shift, and spectral properties of the collected optical signal from the target. This system offers: 1) rapid, accurate, comprehensive, and robust real-time damage assessment through sensor and data fusion of three laser remote-sensing technologies; 2) compactness and lightweight due to the use of HOE; 3) reliability because of the few moving parts and packaging design; and 4) compatibility with the existing HEL platform. In Phase I POC will analyze the HOEDA system design by computer modeling, fabricate a laboratory prototype, and conduct mock-up experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of HOEDA. In Phase II, an advanced HOEDA engineering prototype will be assembled and tested both at POC and at an Air Force facility.

OASYS TECHNOLOGY, LLC. 25 Sundial Ave., Suite 404 Manchester, NH 03103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 232-8221 Mr. John Hall AF 07-019 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Untethered Helmet-Mounted Display for Night Vision Goggle Training Systems
Abstract:	This SBIR program requires the development of a novel, wireless head-mounted video system which can functionally replace the current night vision goggle simulation headset. OASYS Technology, LLC. will apply expertise in optical and display system design coupled with Pinpoint Solutions, Inc. expertise in wireless video electronics to create a fully compliant 1280x1024 pixel binocular HMD with 40 degree field of view and a battery powered 60 Hz framerate wireless video link in a headset which emulates the look and feel of the AN/AVS-9 night vision goggle.

APPAREO SYSTEMS LLC 1805 NDSU Research Park Drive Fargo, ND 58102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(701) 356-2200 Mr. Barry D. Batcheller, PE AF 07-020 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Head orientation sensing system
Abstract:	Appareo Systems, LLC, proposes to develop a functional prototype head-mounted position and orientation system (HPOS). The HPOS will be capable of operating in electromagnetic fields of up to 200 volts/meter and will provide at least one degree of accuracy and at least one degree of resolution at a 60 Hz update rate while providing 3 degree of freedom (DOF) information on head orientation, including azimuth from 0 to 360 degrees, elevation from +90 to -90 degrees, and roll orientation from +180 to -180 degrees. The completed HPOS system will include the development of a degradation-resistant GPS solution, which is seen as the key to the success of this project. Techniques including the use of ultra-short baselines and multiple GPS receivers and antennas will be explored to create the GPS reliability needed. Aided, non-GPS solutions simply cannot stand up in the variety of environments in which the HPOS must be deployed. It is believed that a GPS-dependent solution, although not without its own weaknesses, can be successfully implemented using the approach defined herein.

ARCHANGEL SYSTEMS, INC. 1635 Pumphrey Ave. Auburn, AL 36832
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(334) 826-8008 Mr. William Dillard AF 07-020 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Head Alignment and Orientation (HALO) System
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop a low cost head tracking system to monitor the orientations of an individual's head. This head tracker can be incorporated with a 3-D audio system that will provide cues to operators for increasing situational awareness. This proposed system will be based on Archangel's Inertial Measurement Unit `IM3'. The Head Alignment and Orientation (HALO) system will use QFLASP (Quaternion Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Signal Processing) to compute roll, pitch and yaw angles. This IMU based system will have the option to use a magnetic sensor and/or GPS to compute the head orientation accurately. The `Smart Fuzzy Corrector' in QFLASP can reject the inconsistent GPS or magnetic data and use appropriate proprietary filtering algorithms to compute solutions based on quality of the data.

INFOSCITEX CORP. 303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 890-1338 Dr. Anna Galea AF 07-020 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Head orientation sensing system
Abstract:	Hearing protection has advanced to the point where headphones can reliably filter out more than 130 dB of background noise. Coupled with miniature speakers, flight deck personnel can be fed radio transmissions and safe levels of background sound, which allows them to still "hear" dangers such as nearby aircraft. However without knowing the orientation of the personnel's head, directionality is lost, reducing the effectiveness of this feedback in keeping our personnel safe. Our unique biomimetic sensor provides a lightweight, low-power system for accurately tracking head orientation. The immediate application will be to flight deck personnel and other military personnel in a dynamic high-noise environment so that incoming auditory cues can be restored, enhancing personnel safety. Our system is low power and light weight, allowing for easy integration with head mounted hardware. The system provides information in multiple degrees of freedom and is capable of operating in a strong electromagnetic environment. Our team of biomedical and electronic engineers will partner with our academic partner Dr. Jennie Gallimore to prove the feasibility of our approach in a Phase I prototype. Our team is committed to creating a pre-production version of our product ready for immediate deployment in selected applications in Phase II.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5278 Dr. Wei Chen AF 07-021 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	An Innovative Agent-Based Distributed Framework for Measuring and Tracking Team Performance in Collaborative Environments
Abstract:	Training and testing of Air Force distributed mission operations (DMO) post significant challenges on team work and distributed decision making; furthermore, assessing and tracking collaborative team performance in a simple, effective and autonomous way both routinely and in real time is key for trainees to successfully carry out complicated mission tasks and for external observers to keep track of the performance of both individual team participants and the team as a whole by integrating monitoring, feedbacks and situational awareness across all types of mission parameters and observables. A successful performance evaluation system would extend prior arts and practices from multi-agent system collaborations and team performance measurements. Particularly, our proposed distributed team performance assessment and tracking framework will employ the following key areas: knowledge and environment representation, intelligent agent framework and reasoning processes for collaborative environments, human team performance in a distributed training context, and the potential integration of the proposed framework with existing training systems to assist training and testing for mission task operations by providing previously hard to observe, yet vital dynamic information based on a highly expressive representation. Our innovation is an agent-based distributed framework for assessing and tracking team performance in collaborative environments.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 931-2700 Dr. Sowmya Ramachandran AF 07-021 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Intelligent, Automated Performance Assessment and Diagnosis for Team Training
Abstract:	As the Air Force has moved increasingly towards distributed networked environment for C2ISR missions, teams often operate remotely, and decision-making is distributed. Traditionally team training involved human observers for performance assessment, diagnosis, and after-action review and other training intervention. However, with much of the communication and coordination happening electronically, key aspects of the interactions between team members are no longer accessible to these trainers. Analyzing these communications involves poring over high volumes of raw electronic data. This is infeasible in all but the smallest of scales of operation. We propose to develop an intelligent performance assessment tool to assist trainers by warehousing and analyzing team interaction data and presenting it to them in a user-friendly manner for real time coaching and after-action review. The tool will perform automatic event detection and causal explanation generation. Speech recognition, natural language processing, and plan recognition techniques will be used to analyze to generate diagnostic explanation of events. This information will be sent to desktop, laptop or handheld clients as alerts. A visual tool will facilitate the rapid construction of debriefing. Phase I will result in a limited proof-of-concept prototype that will absolutely illustrate the feasibility and the benefits of this approach.

OPTICAL PHYSICS CO. 26610 Agoura Road, Suite 240 Calabasas, CA 91302
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 880-2907 Dr. Richard A Hutchin AF 07-022 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Rugged Eye Tracker for the Fighter Jet Pilot
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project will investigate the utility of a proprietary rugged eye tracker design developed at Optical Physics Company (OPC) for the fighter jet pilot. Aggressive maneuvers of the jet result in both buffeting as well as substantial G loading. The OPC eye tracker remains immune to shaking because it uses the reflection from the cornea and thus continues to operate when most standard commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) eye trackers that track reflections from inside the eye and through the pupil fail. High G loading effects are reduced by using a single illuminator and dual sensor geometry, Expected total weight of the eye tracker is less than 10 grams, with total volume smaller than 1 cubic inches. The bandwidth of 100-200 Hz can easily be accomplished. Boeing Phantom Works has agreed to be the subcontractor during the Phase I effort. The OPC team will analyze and experimentally anchor the performance of the eye tracker while Boeing provides assistance in specifying the Phase II prototype and planning for Phase II laboratory and field tests.

ATA ENGINEERING, INC. 11995 El Camino Real, Suite 200 San Diego, CA 92130
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 480-2065 Mr. Paul Blelloch AF 07-023 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Near-field acoustic holography system
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the development of a practical 3-dimensional near-field acoustic holography system which is capable of measuring and describing the acoustic source characteristics of jet plumes from full-scale high performance military jet engines. This Phase I SBIR has two parts. The first part involves the development of a detailed design specification for a system which can address all of the concerns identified in the solicitation. This design specification will include a thorough review of the current state-of-the-art technology and identification of the current limitations of each method in the context of the desired system performance parameters. The second part involves the design of a system, at a conceptual level, that can meet the design specification. Risks associated with each component will be identified and risk reduction plans will be defined. Development and exercising of prototype signal processing algorithms and other data analysis tools which can meet the design requirements will be the focus of much of this effort.

BLUE RIDGE RESEARCH & CONSULTING 13 1/2 W. Walnut Street Asheville, NC 28715
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(828) 252-2209 Dr. Micah Downing AF 07-023 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Development of a Near-field Acoustical Holography System for Aircraft Jet Source Noise Measurements
Abstract:	The current and next generation military jet aircraft are exposing both ground maintenance personnel and the community to high levels of noise. The DoD is funding research to develop advanced modeling tools for community noise exposure and for noise reduction techniques. As these tools are being developed to address to the overall military jet noise problem, the lack of understanding of the actual jet noise source has been identified as a limiting factor. For these tools to achieve their full potential in addressing the noise problem, innovative measurement and analysis methods are necessary to characterize and map the noise source region in the jet. Near-field acoustic holography (NAH) offers the best general method to measuring the magnitude, directivity, and spectral content as well as the spatial distribution of the noise emitted from a jet. The objective of this proposed effort will be to develop a portable NAH system that can characterize jet noise emissions. To develop the most efficient measurement system, several NAH approaches will be tested using risk reduction laboratory testing and evaluation procedures. These evaluations will determine the NAH approaches that meet the high fidelity data requirements outlined in the SOW while providing practical field system.

SENSOUND, LLC 221 Lewiston Road Grosse Pointe Farms, MI 48236
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(313) 410-0751 Mr. Manmohan Moondra AF 07-023 Awarded: 09APR07
Title:	Portable Acoustical Holograph System For Visualizing Jet Plumes
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I Project will examine the feasibility of commercializing an innovative technology, known as the Helmholtz Equation Least Square (HELS) based Nearfield Acoustical Holography (NAH), to visualize the acoustic characteristics of jet plumes from high performance military fighter engines and those from high bypass commercial transport engines. The ultimate goal of this project is to provide engineers with a robust and portable acoustical holography tool to obtain the 3D image and characteristics of the acoustic field produced by full-scale jet engine. Users of this tool will acquire in-depth understanding of jet noise that cannot be obtained by conventional measurements and analyses technologies. Specifically, engineers will be able to overlay 3D images of a sound field produced by a jet engine on top of a jet plume. By slicing a 3D sound field from various angles and viewing it from different perspectives together with a 3D velocity field produced by a jet engine, engineers will be able to correlate jet noise to jet stream. In particular, engineers will be able to identify the sound source frequency dependent spatial distribution, examine the time varying acoustic shock structure in a plume, and quantify the major acoustic radiation angles and strength. The insight and knowledge gained will allow engineers to devise most cost-effective ways to reduce jet noise. The improved designs will lead to a quieter jet engine that can have a significant military advantage and benefit the public in general.

SA PHOTONICS 650 5th Street, Suite 505 San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 348-4426 Dr. Michael P. Browne AF 07-024 Awarded: 20APR07
Title:	Helmet Mounted Display for Joint Strike Fighter Training Simulator
Abstract:	The M2DART provides a portable simulator system that can be deployed for a variety of training tasks and at numerous locations around the globe. Although its uncollimated, tiled displays allow for a small footprint, the viewing distance is both close (nominally 36") and varies significantly as a user moves their head from tile to tile. This difference between HMD focus and vergence and the varying distance to the simulator screen can cause human factors issues. These issues can manifest themselves as blurry imagery, doubled imagery or more latent effects such as workload reduction and eyestrain which will not be the same as for the real world, since most of a pilot's real world is at or near optical infinity. Our goal under this program is to test for potential problems with a representative see-through binocular HMD that does not involve using flight hardware. We will use the results of these tests to identify changes to be made to the simulator HMD to mitigate any potential issues. Our extensive experience in the design and development of HMDs, coupled with our experience in performing human factors testing will ensure that we provide the Air Force with an acceptable solution.

ADVANCED COOLING TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1046 New Holland Avenue Lancaster, PA 17601
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(717) 295-6073 Dr. Chanwoo Park AF 07-025 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Fast Response Fabric Test Setup and Dynamic Fabric Model for BURNSIM
Abstract:	Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT) will develop a Fast Response Fabric Test Setup using hot gas impingement conditions by the jet engine exhaust from the Short Take Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircrafts during the Phase I of the proposed SBIR programs. The fabric testing will measure the thermal response and properties of various clothing and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) fabrics. ACT will also develop a Dynamic Fabric Model for transient heat transfer analysis of the fabrics under the jet impingement conditions and validate the model using the fabric thermal test results. During the follow-on Phase II program, ACT will upgrade the fabric test setup of the Phase I to handle the various heating modes of conduction, convection (for permeable or impermeable surface) and radiation and to provide the appropriate factors for designing various components of the aircraft maintainer ensemble. Comprehensive testing will be conducted to build a model library of the thermal properties of various clothing and PPE items that can be used with the BURN SIMulation (BURNSIM) model to evaluate and design protection alternatives. ACT will also develop a fully-validated dynamic fabric submodel to provide the transient heat flux inputs to the BURNSIM model for burn hazard assessment.

COMBUSTION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, INC. 8940 Old Annapolis Road Suite L Columbia, MD 21045
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 884-3266 Dr. Richard J. Roby AF 07-025 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Apparatus and Method to measure thermal insulation factors for use with BURNSIM
Abstract:	New aircraft such as the STOVL present a different thermal risk to personnel then traditional aircraft designs. Personnel operating within the thermal risk areas of these aircrafts wear personal protective equipment (PPE), but current PPE provide insufficient protection against the thermal hazards presented by these aircrafts. Currently, programs such as BURNSIM are used to estimate the hazard present to maintainers, but the BURNSIM program contains the heat transfer characteristics for a limited number of clothing types. Additionally, there is no standardized test method to define the dynamic heat transfer characteristics for the many types of PPE that may be available to protect aircraft maintainers. CSE proposes to develop a methodology and apparatus to characterize the heat transfer characteristics of PPE, especially those used by aircraft maintainers. The apparatus will be able to reproduce the high heat fluxes, both convective and radiative, that maintainers may encounter. The apparatus will also replicate some of the human factors that effect PPE performance - moisture from outside sources, moisture from perspiration and fabric compression. A methodology will be developed to interpret the measured performance of the PPE material, using software such as BURNSIM and other literature sources to assess the protective capabilities of the PPE.

THERMOANALYTICS, INC. 23440 Airpark Blvd, P.O. Box 66 Calumet, MI 49913
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(906) 482-9560 Dr. Allen Curran AF 07-025 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Apparatus and Method to measure thermal insulation factors for use with BURNSIM
Abstract:	The characterization and measurement of heat transfer through personal protective equipment is important for mitigating the risk to fire fighters, air crew support teams and other personnel working in close proximity to jet exhausts or post crash fires. The main objective of this proposal is to develop a test apparatus capable of measuring thermal insulation values for and heat fluxes through this type of (multi-layer) clothing. The thermal and flow regimes of interest are typified by gas streams with velocities ranging from near zero to 32 meter/s and temperatures up to 100 C. The test scenario envisioned is a hot jet impinging upon a clothing test sample in the direction normal to the sample surface. The primary application of the apparatus and test methodology would be to provide inputs to the BURNSIM computer code. This code, originally developed at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL), is capable of predicting both the time to pain and burn depth expected when either bare or clothed skin is subjected to a time varying heat flux. A second objective of the proposed research is to build upon and extend the existing clothing model in BURNSIM to be applicable to (highly) transient thermal environments.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5260 Dr. Jacqueline Haynes AF 07-026 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Integrated Aiding and Training
Abstract:	Organizations that use a common knowledge base for aiding and training benefit in that (a) one knowledge base is easier to develop (b) updates are more timely, as both training and aiding require only one update, and (c) how aiding and training support complex performance can be clearly specified by the transformations used for aiding and training. Further benefits accrue when experts directly express their knowledge into the common knowledge base: the knowledge is current, and incorporates current job-relevant factors, such as available job aids and training. The primary difficulty in creating a system in which experts enter knowledge directly into a knowledge base used to present aiding and training is that the grain size of units created by experts and later required by automatic transforms differ: experts will naturally express their knowledge in relatively large grain sizes, and automatic transforms require small grain sizes. We will conduct research to try to find a middle grain size with which experts can express their knowledge and automatic transforms can use to create aiding and training. Once studies determine the best grain size, software that supports expert input and required transforms will be designed and developed.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3250 Ocean Park Blvd., Suite 100 Santa Monica, CA 90405
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 581-5440 Dr. Azad M. Madni AF 07-026 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	GATST: A Generalizable Aiding-Training System for Human Performance and Productivity Enhancement
Abstract:	While aiding and training systems developed over the last few decade have created a heightened awareness of the complementary nature of aiding and training, there has been little done to bring aiding and training together within a common rubric with shared reusable, repurposable content. In light of this recognition, the goal of this effort is to develop a generalizable, integrated aiding and training system. Phase I of this effort is concerned with providing evidence of the feasibility of an integrated aiding-training system "shell" in the context of selected domains of interest.

CREW TRAINING INTERNATIONAL, INC. 9198 Crestwyn Hills Dr Memphis, TN 38125
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 240-0827 Mr. Gregg Montijo AF 07-027 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Real Time Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) Training
Abstract:	Identification of the key human factor skill set involved in Situational Awareness, Task Management and Decision Making for focused alternative training. Alternative training that focuses on the practice and improvement those key human factor skills. CTI has received the commitment of three groups to conduct this investigation. The UAV squadron located at Creech AFB, the A-10 squadron located at Davis-Monthan and the F15C squadron located Kinsley Field.

OASYS TECHNOLOGY, LLC. 25 Sundial Ave., Suite 404 Manchester, NH 03103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 232-8221 Mr. Michael Couture AF 07-028 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	CSAR-X Digital Visionic System
Abstract:	This proposal outlines a technical approach for a goggle system that utilizes a SWIR and LWIR imagers to present operators with fused imagery of the two spectral bands in a man portable, head mountable goggle system. Furthermore, as part of this research key avionics information will also be presented to the operators in the eyepiece of the goggle system.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics and Holography Division, 20600 Gram Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Iouri Kompaniets AF 07-028 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Tri-Spectral Image-Fused Binocular Night Goggles
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for an innovative digital visionic system (DVS) to aid and improve combat search and rescue operations primarily at night on the ground and for open-door helicopter operations, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop new tri-spectral image-fused binocular night goggles (TSIF-BNVG). TSIF-BNVG fuses images from an image intensifier tube with a CCD (near-infrared 625-930 nm), an InGaAs PIN FPA (short-wave infrared, 1.1-2.5 microns), and a microbolometer (long-wave infrared, 8-14 microns) delivered by a see-through near-eye holographic visor projection system. It is a lightweight, waterproof device with a low profile and compact form factor, with a total mass of ~1.5-2 lb. (<1 kg). The TSIF-BNVG design is based on a flexible optimal spectral image fusion algorithm that picks the best sensors for a given tactical situation and atmospheric conditions, and combines them into fused false colored imagery. The TSIF-BNVG innovations will improve search and rescue operations by increasing target detection/identification probability and shortening search times. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of TSIF-BNVG and by including tradeoff analyses of selected components and human factors. In Phase II we plans to develop an optimized prototype.

SAGE TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. One Ivybrook Boulevard, Suite 190 Warminster, PA 18974
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 658-0500 Mr. Wesley Sheridan AF 07-028 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	CSAR-X Digital Visionic System
Abstract:	Abstract. The proposed system is a wide field of view helmet mounted system that will incorporate a visible & short wave infrared (Vis/SWIR) camera technology with dual imaging lenses placed just above the operator's eyes, and fused with a thermal long wave infrared sensor (LWIR). The DEVS will provide high resolution multi-spectral imagery to CSAR-X operational personnel. The design is to provide the combination of wide field of view and personnel signature enhancement that will allow for more efficient search and rescue operations. The Sage team will use recent developments in SWIR digital FPA technology, and combine that with current LWIR micro-bolometer advances, a programmable image processor chip, and a high resolution OLED (organic light emitting diode) display. The result will be a small binocular device that is expected to provide about 105� by 50� FOV with resolution roughly comparable to the GEN IV NVGs. while providing sensitivity for 24/7 vision enhancement capability. The system is fully digital providing image enhancement, fusion potential with SWIR & LWIR, extended FOV, lower power, greater redundancy, and lower weight. Also, covert rescue operations can be implemented by the use of powerful SWIR illuminators not visible to the human eye or conventional IR/I2 devices.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 582-0582 Dr. Ching-Fang Lin AF 07-029 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	An Innovative Accurate Predictive 3D Terrain Modeling
Abstract:	The U.S. Air Force is looking for innovative technologies providing an autonomous helicopter sensor-display system for brown-out landing conditions. In response AGNC proposes to develop and document an innovative Accurate Predictive 3D Terrain Modeling (AP-3DTM) system and software toolsets. The AP-3DTM is based on: 1) on-the-fly 3D model generation deploying stereo-cameras with accuracy estimation and quality assurance; 2) modeling the helicopter position geospatial refinement based on AGNC's coremicro AHRS/GPS/INS Integration Unit sensors measurements; 3) AGNC's robust Kalman-Filter based helicopter position prediction; 3) optimal model visualization on 3D autostereoscopic or pilot-helmet display. Hazards detection is a concern for which AGNC provides an automated pattern recognition solution. The slope of the landing terrain is also computed to aid the pilot in the execution of a safe landing. The AP-3DTM solution, proposed by AGNC, comprises the following major innovations: a) use for the first time of the theory of stereo-perspective for 3D landing models generation in real-time from non-calibrated passive imaging; b) unique landing prediction multi-sensor architecture based on AGNC's robust Kalman filter. The Phase I research will result in identification and feasibility verification of the AP-3DTM's most challenging components. Phase II will culminate in a fully functional working prototype.

TECHNEST HOLDINGS, INC. 10411 Motor City Drive, Suite 650 Bethesda, MD 20817
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 767-2810 Dr. James Wen AF 07-029 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Autonomous Helicopter Sensor-Display System for Brown-out Landing Conditions
Abstract:	Technest Holdings Inc. proposes to develop an autonomous 3D terrain modeling sensor-display system called 3D-Nav for helicopter landings under brownout conditions. 3D-Nav is a complete and integrated hardware and software system based on an innovative GPS/INS aided 3D reconstruction algorithm and our miniature high performance and low power consumption DSP/FPGA based SOS hardware. To ensure safe landings under brownout conditions, the 3D-Nav algorithm conducts accurate 3D terrain modeling before the brownout occurs. The 3D-Nav algorithm intelligently fuses the passive imagery data with the GPS/INS data, generates 3D terrain models, and identifies dangerous 3D terrain features. During the brownout landing process, the 3D-Nav system automatically displays and update the 3D terrain model in real time with the help of the GPS/INS information and generates the navigation control signals to guide the aircraft to avoid obstacles and rollovers. The novel 3D-Nav design proposed herein leverages Technest's extensive expertise and experience in 2D/3D imaging hardware and software system development and its application in ground and aerial vehicle navigation and collision avoidance. The proposed technology has a number of applications including autonomous aircraft navigation and landing control, ground vehicle navigation in temporary brownout conditions, military surveillance, and commercial 3D modeling and reverse engineering.

TERRAMETRICS, INC. PO Box 270101 Littleton, CO 80127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 979-5255 Mr. Gregory A. Baxes AF 07-029 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Rotorcraft SV Landing Display System with Self-generating 3D Terrain and Obstacle Model
Abstract:	We propose a new Synthetic Vision (SV) system architecture for helicopter brown-out landing use. Instead of authoring 3D terrain and feature datasets outside of the flight system and then uploading the prepared data prior to mission use, the proposed solution self-generates a dynamic 3D terrain model using aircraft passive-sensor camera imagery. The approach eliminates the pre-flight data acquisition, processing and uploading operations. The TerraBlocksT "Clear-to-Land" (CTL) strategy builds on our TerraBlocks SV rendering and display engine using the wavelet-encoded, multiple level-of-detail TerraBlocks 3D terrain data structure and run-time methodology. The CTL system pivots around a dynamic implementation of the TerraBlocks 3D terrain model component. The SV component receives the aircraft INS datastream and generates the out-the-window rendering based on aircraft position and attitude. Flight symbology overlays such as flight data, landing corridor and dangerous obstacle cueing are added. As the 3D terrain model is refined based on sensor data availability and quality, the refined model appears in the rendered display. Ultimately, as the helicopter enters brown-out conditions, the model is frozen, or even rolled back to an earlier "last-good" state and used for the rendering and pilot display of terrain and obstacles throughout the landing maneuver.

MYMIC LLC 200 High Street, Suite 308 Portsmouth, VA 23704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 391-9200 Mr. Phillip N. Jones AF 07-030 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Team decision making training and rehearsal exemplar for the air and space operations center (AOC)
Abstract:	Military forces have changed from a train-alert-operate paradigm to a alert-train-operate one. AOCs require a training and rehearsal capability that allows rapid proficiency on Mission Essential Competencies (MECs), supporting competencies, knowledge and skills. MYMIC LLC, teamed with MAK Technologies, proposes providing this training and rehearsal capability through the AOC Lifecycle Training Capability (ALTC). The ALTC will be comprised of three components: a Collaborative Information & Training Environment (CITE) that leverages a collaborative information environment to support training , a Training Management & Collaboration System (TMCS) that is a hybrid between a training management system and a community of practice, and M�K's Dynamic Training Cell (DTC) team training simulation environment: QuickStrike. Included in the ALTC will be a scenario-mission hierarchy. Scenario-missions will be recommended to support MEC-related proficiency for various phases of the alert-train-operate paradigm. The hierarchy will allow AOC individuals and teams to choose, based on their training requirements, specific, short or long scenario-missions for execution within the ALTC. MYMIC will investigate use of QuickStrike capabilities to provide performance measures back to ALTC users. In addition, MYMIC will investigate use of social network analysis to provide critical information to AOC leaders and performance measures to ALTC users.

ONTAR CORP. 9 Village Way North Andover, MA 01845
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-9622 Dr. John Schroeder AF 07-030 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Team decision making training and rehearsal exemplar for the air and space operations center (AOC)
Abstract:	Computer network defense is only as effective as the training provided to the system maintainers with respect to the tools and procedures at their disposal. Trainees need procedural knowledge and performance exercises in order to properly integrate the two areas seamlessly into a cohesive tool. The system we propose, TENOR-DMT, combines computer-based instruction and text-based courseware to support knowledge acquisition and retention. The result will be focused learning based on a set of objectives. The primary presentation of information will be in the form of text and graphics driven courseware, with knowledge reinforcement being provided by embedded simulations that correspond to the appropriate lessons/objectives. The resulting system will be effective, intuitively usable, and cost effective. At the conclusion of Phase I we will deliver to the US Air Force a proof-of-concept exemplar that demonstrates our ability to meet this SBIR topic objectives.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SW, Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 769-8400 Mr. Matthew Hull AF 07-033 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	WINGST--Web-Interfaced Nanotechnology ESH Guidance System for Force Health Protection
Abstract:	Luna Innovations proposes the development of a novel Web-Interfaced Nanotechnology Environmental Safety and Health (ESH) Guidance System-WINGST-that will provide Air Force personnel with streamlined access to strategies and tools for managing emerging ESH risks and for exchanging vital information throughout a community of approved peers and `trusted' resources. Comprehensive guidance modules, based in part on innovative ESH `best practices' management strategies developed and implemented by Luna Innovations and the University of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI), will be compiled and made accessible to AF personnel through WINGS, along with a host of other novel features and tools designed to facilitate informed and streamlined ESH management. The Luna and UDRI management frameworks were developed by leading nanotechnology and ESH researchers for use in distinctly different commercial and academic settings, and thus address a broad spectrum of issues likely to occur in virtually any facility where engineered nanomaterials are handled. Many regard the Luna and UDRI models as the first programs to offer comprehensive management strategies that have had their effectiveness demonstrated in actual practice. Throughout Phase I the team will define and prioritize specific ESH data gaps to address during Phase II through targeted scientific studies.

NANOCOMPOSIX, INC. 4878 Ronson CT STE K San Diego, CA 92111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 890-0770 Dr. Steven Oldenburg AF 07-033 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	The Impact of Nanomaterials on Occupational Safety and Health
Abstract:	The number of products that contain nanomaterials and the associated risk of exposure to DoD personnel is rapidly increasing. This project will identify factors that influence the generation, dispersion, and deposition of nanomaterials in the workplace. The risk of exposure via inhalation or dermal contact will be quantified for benchmark nanomaterials with well defined physical and chemical characteristics. The effectiveness of personal protective equipment for protecting workers from various release events will be evaluated. A comprehensive guide for workers who handle and use nanomaterials will be prepared to assess, avoid, and abate the adverse health and environmental impacts of nanomaterials.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-6900 Dr. Nina Joshi AF 07-033 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Identifying Critical Physicochemical Characteristics of Nano-particles that Elicit Toxic Affects on ESH
Abstract:	Nanotechnology present new opportunities to increase the performance of traditional products and to develop unique ones. Nanoparticle applications are already becoming more prominent in coatings, computers, clothing, cosmetics and other products and the trends suggest that nanoparticles will permeate a variety of industries. To ensure that this revolution continues, industry must guarantee that nanomaterials do not adversely affect human health but there is currently no systematically methodologies developed to characterize and test nanomaterials. Our goal is to determine the relationship between toxicity and physicochemical characteristics (i.e. shape, size, surface chemistry, etc.) of nanoparticles and establish model systems as well as a battery of screening assays to determine the toxicity of different nanoparticles. In phase I, we propose to test two physicochemical properties -size and hydrophobic/hydrophilic coatings - to determine cytoxicity, inflammation (by assessing cytokine production) and glutathione levels as a marker of oxidative stress in a complex in vitro lung model system. In Phase II, we will expand the type of nanoparticles as well as the physico-chemical characteristics tested. In addition, we will establish an in vitro skin model and for those nanoparticles that elicited toxicity in our in vitro models an in vivo model to determine nanoparticle translocation.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Patrick J. Magari, Ph.D. AF 07-034 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Advanced In-Flight Rebreather
Abstract:	Flight crews require supplemental oxygen for emergency high cabin altitude operations. Some flight crews require a walk-around oxygen supply to move freely throughout the cabin until the altitude is reduced to a safe level. Current low-pressure bottles cannot supply oxygen for an adequate duration in an acceptable cylinder size, and multiple cylinders would be required to meet the mission requirements, adversely impacting logistical and safety issues. Rebreather technology offers the potential to meet the need with a compact system and minimal oxygen storage requirements. Although rebreather technology has been applied successfully to diving and some land-based applications for many years, a high-altitude, walk around system presents new challenges. On the proposed project we will develop innovative technology to adapt rebreathers for in-flight use. In Phase I, we will determine appropriate specifications for an aviation rebreather and conduct proof-of-concept tests to demonstrate the promise of individual technologies or devices needed to meet the requirements for an aviation rebreather. In Phase II we will integrate these advanced technologies into a complete rebreather system.

GREY WOLF INNOVATIONS, INC. 10187 Colonial Industrial Drive South Lyon, MI 48178
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 446-9569 Mr. David W. Weber AF 07-034 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Emergency Oxygen Cylinders with Re-breathing
Abstract:	The purpose of this project is to extend the usable oxygen supply of aircrew walk around system with rebreather technology. The current systems provide too little duration (approx. 25 minutes) for aircrews to perform duties at altitude. This limited duration can be a safety and mission compromising as the aircraft may not be able to descend to a flight level where supplemental oxygen is not needed. These current systems function in an open circuit manner where each exhale is vented into the surrounding atmosphere wasting about 90% of the oxygen. Grey Wolf Innovations Inc. rebreather technology will allow the exhale to be captured and recycled to be breathed again, extending the oxygen supply beyond 2 hours. This closed circuit rebreather design packages in nearly the same size as the current system (22.8" x 8.1" x 6.8") and weighs only 12.3 lbs (includes Oxygen Tank, Regulators, CO2 Scrubber, Electronics, Sensors, Dilution System, Counterlungs and Pressure Relief/Venting System).

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2349 Dr. Gokhan Alptekin AF 07-034 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	An Oxygen Re-Breather System
Abstract:	When transport aircraft must operate unpressurized at higher altitudes, the crewmember is required to carry a portable oxygen supply system to move around the cabin. Current low pressure oxygen bottles do not provide enough emergency oxygen for aircrews to perform duties in the cabin/cargo area until the aircraft can attain a safe level where supplemental oxygen is not required. A re-breather technology can extend the duration of the oxygen supply without resorting to larger storage bottles or higher pressure O2 tanks by recycling oxygen in a closed-loop manner. However, it is essential to prevent the carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation in these systems. TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) proposes to develop a high capacity, durable CO2 sorbent as a key component of a lightweight, portable O2 re-breather system to support high altitude operations. In Phase I, we will develop the sorbent and carry out an overall system design.

BLUEFORCE LLC 1919 Commerce Drive, Suite 400 Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 788-8441 Dr. Maris McCrabb AF 07-035 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Effects-based Analyst Support Service
Abstract:	Our Effects-based Analyst Service Service (EBASS) will assist operational-level analysts, planners and assessors in determining measures and indicators (M&I) and Requests for Information (RFI) required to support effects-based approaches to analysis, planning and assessment. We acocmplish this through the use of ontology-based information exchange which adds context to data, "smart" RFI technology to enhance collaboration between requester and fulfiller and an RFI parsing, monitoring and tracking system to rapidly match requests to collection task to M&I.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Jonathan D. Pfautz AF 07-035 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	A Toolkit for the Assessment of Effects-Based Operations (TAE-BO)
Abstract:	To address the need for effects-based assessment (EBA) tools, we propose to design and demonstrate a Toolkit for the Assessment of Effects-Based Operation (TAE-BO). Five core components characterize our effort: One, we will perform a Cognitive Tasks Analysis to understand the tasks, tools, and information employed by analysts performing EBA. We will analyze data from these studies to identify and define opportunities for supporting analysts. Two, we will identify and develop composable computational components for filtering, associating, aggregating, and reasoning over incoming intelligence. Three, we will develop complementary visualization methods for these components, and a user interface for authoring tools by combining components, connecting these tools, and using these tools. Four, we will design the TAE-BO toolkit, which will provide the framework and runtime environment for these tools and user interfaces. Five, we will develop a plan for evaluation of analysts' productivity while using the TAE-BO system, including an experimental methodology and specific metrics. We will leverage our team's expertise in data fusion methods and human-centered design to rapidly develop adaptable and composable data integration, management, and analysis tools and to integrate these methods with real or representative data sources.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 591-9836 Mr. Lee Krause AF 07-035 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Innovative Aids: Effects-Based Combat Assessment
Abstract:	Securboration's innovative approach is centered on the development of a Community of Exchange (CoEx) which represents the operational requirements and semantic dependencies that drive the operators' effective use of information to perform effects-based assessment. The Community of Exchange allows for a robust model that representation the combat assessment domain to be created and used to validate the operational process. The validation includes cognitive aspects, operational usability, and capability-based measures. With an extensive operational background and expertise in Air & Space Operations Center (AOC) operations, effects-based planning and assessment, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and modeling and simulation, Securboration is uniquely suited to "explore the implications of effects-based operations on the conduct of combat assessment" and to provide assessment tools appropriate to EBO. Securboration will leverage existing technologies and previous work on effect-based planning and assessment in the AOC environment to develop these assessment tools. In Phase I of this SBIR, Securboration will "identify and define opportunities for inserting intelligence analyst-aiding technologies appropriate to the conduct of combat assessment tasks in the context of effects-based operations." Securboration's innovative solution will be driven by: 1) "cognitive task analyses" of assessment processes "to identify analyst requirements;" 2) "capability-based measures of effectiveness. to support the evaluation of effects-based assessment performance;" and 3) conceptual models of "intelligence analyst-aiding technologies appropriate to the conduct of combat assessment tasks

OPTIMETRICS, INC. 3115 Professional Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 973-1177 Dr. Brian T. Mitchell AF 07-036 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Algorithmic Correction of Systematic Error in Eye Point-of-Regard (POR) Data Analysis
Abstract:	This project will develop and evaluate algorithms for correcting the systematic point-of-regard (POR) error found in the eye position data produced by modern eye-tracking hardware. The core idea of this project is the registration of graphical realities to the POR data. This registration enables the use of application-specific contextual information to correct systematic eye sensor error in static and dynamic displays. Phase I of the project will systematically develop and evaluate algorithms for POR error correction. The algorithms will detect operator behavior patterns by comparing expected application patterns to observed eye-movement data. The detected patterns will establish confident fixation locations (CFLs). The CFLs will provide the basis for the removal of systematic POR error. Phase II will further validate and implement the algorithms, categorize eye-tracking applications according to correction potential, and develop tools to support the implementation of POR correction in real-world applications.

ANACAPA SCIENCES, INC. 301 East Carrillo Street 2FL, P. O. Box 519 Santa Barbara, CA 93102
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 966-6157 Dr. Douglas H. Harris AF 07-037 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Accelerated Skill Acquisition for Intelligence Analysts
Abstract:	The proposed research effort recognizes the growing importance of open-source intelligence for evolving military operations, and is designed to enhance the capability of intelligence analysts to develop inferences from open information sources that can be acted on with confidence in the face of future military challenges. Specifically, the objective of the proposed research is to design and develop an innovative training system that will teach intelligence analysts to build critical thinking skills. System development will address the principal cognitive challenges of intelligence analysis, identify the critical thinking skills required to overcome these challenges, apply appropriate training principles and guidelines, integrate practical application with instructional software through the incorporation of simulations and feedback, comply with SCORM and HLA standards, and involve the active participation of the intelligence analysis community.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5260 Dr. Jackie Haynes AF 07-037 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	BREEZE an innovative web based OSINT trainer
Abstract:	IAI will develop an innovative tutor for OSINT analysis. BREEZE will import techniques from speed learning, comprehension training and simulation based instruction disciplines to a set of simulation based vignettes to accelerate OSINT training speed. OSINT work environment is characterized by: (1) Vast amount of available raw information with only a fraction useful; (2) High level of uncertainty. Quality of the intelligence products is a product of 4 vectors: (1) The speed in which the analyst searches the information space available, (2) level of comprehension; (3) ability of the analyst to perform critical thinking tasks; and (4) ability of the analyst to model reality despite amount of information involved. The objective of BREEZE is to extend the analyst ability in any of these vectors and perform Meta cognitive tasks of selecting the appropriate combination of the four for specific tasks. BREEZE will be developed in 2 stages. Phase I will outline the skills required from the students and the types of simulation interactions needed. We will use "Open source" knowledge about tasks and training of Open source intelligence. Phase II will focus on implementation, and creation of actual training tailored to specific needs of the Air Force.

APPLIED VISIONS, INC. 6 Bayview Avenue Northport, NY 11768
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 754-4920 Dr. John Goodall AF 07-038 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	SimBLEND: A Simulation-Based Learning Environment for Network Defense
Abstract:	We propose to build upon our experiences in developing game-based simulation systems, conducting cognitive task analyses, and authoring product-specific training in the domain of information assurance and computer network defense (CND) to generate a top-level design and proof-of-concept prototype that integrates data visualization, computer-based courseware and game-based simulation to create a training environment that improves the effectiveness of decision making in network defense operations. Our approach will consider architectural alternatives for deploying computer-mediated training and simulation technologies, and for producing a common learning management system that administers and synchronizes the training environment's simulation and training components. We will investigate Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) compliant approaches to content development and delivery to determine if these may be suitable for use in a system that tightly couples training content to simulation. We will also engage CND training providers, and stakeholders in the end-user / trainee community, in continuing to gather needs specification data related to training for effective decision making. We will also investigate how our existing data visualization product line, also developed with the objective of improving CND decision-making effectiveness, can be harnessed within an integrated CND training system.

EVIDENCE BASED RESEARCH, INC. 1595 Spring Hill Road , Suite 250 Vienna, VA 22182
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 869-1658 Dr. Dennis K. Leedom AF 07-039 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Behavior Signatures
Abstract:	The proposed Phase I research will illustrate and assess the feasibility of combining dynamic meaning systems, work control structures, and 4th-generation warfare principles to yield a computational environment for developing behavior signatures of a transnational insurgency movement. This environment allows intelligence analysts and operational planners to develop a functionally-linked framework of hypotheses regarding a transnational insurgency movement's strategic/operational intent and organizational capabilities that can be dynamically maintained as an evidence-supported belief structure, and used to holistically interpret the operational significance of observed objects, events, and conditions and predictively assess and disrupt a future set of contextually-related insurgency behaviors. The research will apply the framework to two case studies involving recent transnational insurgency movements in order to (1) determine if sufficient information exists to create meaningful behavior signatures, (2) identify and illustrate computational methods and techniques that could be incorporated into a Phase II behavior signature system for dynamically maintaining and evaluating a hypothesized model of an insurgency campaign across the strategic-political-operational-tactical spectrum of operations, and (3) identify potential Air Force applications of the behavior signature system for collection management, identification of appropriate operational effects, and the targeting of specific military and interagency actions.

METRICA, INC. 8620 N. New Braunfels, Suite 603 San Antonio, TX 78217
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 545-1028 Dr. Brice M. Stone AF 07-039 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Behavior Signatures
Abstract:	The objective of this research project is to develop a new class of multi-attribute behavior signatures to enable the anticipation of enemy activities. Asymmetric warfare and operations against transnational terrorist groups would significantly benefit from a new class of multi-attribute behavior signatures for predicting adversary intent and their likely courses of actions. These behavior signatures could potentially draw upon multiple streams of intelligence data, possibly over long temporal durations, to provide direct and indirect indicators of activities of interest. Conceptually, behavior signatures can be considered to be schemas whose attributes delineate a set of characteristics, or patterns of activity, that define the behavior of potential threat entities (consisting of individuals, groups, organizations, societies, and/or nations/states). The activation or realization of a behavior signature for a particular threat entity can be all or nothing or partial, where some, but not all, of the attributes are matched. Research is needed to define selected initial signature libraries, to explore the type of architecture required to use behavior signatures as a computational system (such as probabilistic neural networks, multinomial logistic regression, etc.), and to identify which Air Force systems would benefit most from behavior signatures technology (such as counter intelligence from influence operations).

MYMIC LLC 200 High Street, Suite 308 Portsmouth, VA 23704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 203-3761 Mr. Steven Aviles AF 07-039 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Behavior Signatures
Abstract:	MYMIC LLC, working with the University of Alabama, Huntsville, proposes a methodology to use behavioral signatures to predict threat actions. The technical approach we propose to use to identify behavior signatures for and predict terror attacks is Bayesian data analysis. This methodology is a collection of practical statistical methods for making inferences from data, based on probability models developed from that data for both observed and unknown quantities of interest. The proposed behavior signature development and prediction methodology is built on two key ideas: a database of past attacks which will be analyzed, and the Bayesian statistical methods for analyzing the database and calculating the probabilities of future attacks. The goal is to analyze the attribute data in the database for predictive patterns, such as: 1.0 Temporal attributes (e.g., time of day, proximity to holidays or political events) 2.0 Causal linkages (e.g., retributions and re-retributions for prior events) 3.0 Location or locale (e.g., city A more likely than B, or terrain type X is more likely than Y)

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 931-2700 Mr. Ryan Houlette AF 07-039 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Case-Based Behavior Signatures for Prediction of Adversary Behavior
Abstract:	We propose the development of a software system to assist analysts with the process of characterizing, monitoring, and predicting adversary behavior. We adopt a case-based approach to the representation of behavior signatures. Based on a variety of possible activities and processes, created by analysts with a visual tool and maintained as a library of cases, the system will monitor intelligence streams for recognizable activity. The representation of a signature, which relates actors to collections of these cases, will be sensitive to the novel attributes of asymmetric adversaries, including decentralized, networked organizations, and non-attritional effects-based operations. Case representation will allow the use of case-based reasoning algorithms to form partial matches to observed activity, providing threat classification and prediction with a quantifiable level of certainty. Furthermore, relationships between cases can yield patterns of broader scope than individual acts: operational cycles, attack campaigns, patterns of methods or targets, and trajectories of adaptation. We will demonstrate the feasibility of the approach on a selected domain.

BLUEFORCE LLC 1919 Commerce Drive, Suite 400 Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 788-9179 Dr. Maris McCrabb AF 07-040 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	CAOC Multimodal Integrated Collaboration Environment (CMICE)
Abstract:	CAOC Multimodal Integrated Collaboration Environment (CMICE) is an integrated suite of human-to-human and human-to-information collaboration technology coupled with work-centered tools that provide the information exchange needs discussed in the Joint Battlespace Infosphere and Net Centric vision. The work-centered collaboration environment allows users to interact effectively by making use of the intuitive LiveSpaces environment and allows for the manipulation, tracking and production of objects and attributes during the collaboration. Our ARTEMIS (A Real-Time Effects Management Information Service) is ideally suited to assist in this task by tracking the information flows between the various processes involved.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Ryan Kilgore AF 07-040 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Collaborative Multimodal Environment for Data Integration and Analysis (C-MEDIA)
Abstract:	Warfighters within the modern Air Operations Center (AOC) must successfully integrate and manage dynamic, time-sensitive information from a large number of heterogeneous and multimodal information sources accessed through a variety of software applications, all while collaborating in real-time as efficiently as possible. To address these issues, we propose to design and evaluate a Collaborative Multimodal Environment for Data Integration and Analysis (C-MEDIA). Four core components characterize our approach. First, we will enable AOC personnel to correlate data by building C-MEDIA on a software framework that can fuse heterogeneous information sources and present these sources through a single access point. Second, we will support the manipulation, understanding, and exploitation of correlated data sources by providing users with an integrated view of the data through advanced, human-centered, multimodal display tools within a fully tailorable environment. Third, we will support collaboration between teams of local and distributed AOC personnel by providing a collaborative work environment that lets teams share and manipulate data sources in real-time, then digitally capture collaborative output. Fourth, we will assess the feasibility of our approach by leveraging existing in-house technology and other systems to rapidly design and prototype conceptual information display tools and collaborative capabilities for the C-MEDIA system.

THE DESIGN KNOWLEDGE CO. 3100 Presidential Dr , Suite 103 Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 427-4276 Dr. James McCracken AF 07-040 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Multi-Modal Collaboration Environment
Abstract:	We propose our LOCUS program to define and evaluate strategies that demonstrate how data from databases, text, text chat, voice communications, outside sources etc,. can be correlated, presented to and exploited/manipulated by AOC planners for real-time collaboration to support shared situation awareness for development of strategy, plans, and assessments. We proposed evaluation of specific technologies and review of strategies of interaction, coupled with principles of data visualization to accomplish the generation of a single coherent operating picture.

SEHDA, INC. 1153 Bordeaux Dr., , Suite 211 Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 747-1010 Mr. Farzad Ehsani AF 07-041 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Rapid Development Techniques for Spoken Language Translation
Abstract:	Current approaches to building speech translation systems require large amounts of data for building acoustic, language, and translation models. The data requirements lead to high costs and long lead times when building systems for new languages or domains. Sehda, Inc. proposes to dramatically reduce the time and cost to create two-way speech translation systems in new languages and domains by creating new algorithms and approaches to system development that: . Reduce the amount of training data with a divide-and-conquer SMT approach . . Augment existing domain corpora with similar data from the Internet in both English and the target language. . Use acoustic models from other languages to create models in a new language. . Build better translation models from the limited domain-specific parallel corpus. The goal of Phase I is to define a rapid system-building process using these innovations and to deliver a working prototype for a single domain in Korean. In Phase II, Sehda will create a system in another language that is structurally different from Korean and create new algorithms needed for that language, expanding the number of tools that are available to build systems for other languages.

MOBILISA, INC. 191 Otto Street Port Townsend, WA 98368
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(360) 344-3233 Mr. Craig Bleile AF 07-042 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Radio Frequency/Microwave Hazard Assessment Tool (RHAZ)
Abstract:	Mobilisa and subcontractor Mikros Systems propose to develop the RHAZ analysis tool based on Mobilisa's software package known as AIRchitectr, which already implements several of the key functions required. AIRchitectr was originally developed to model wireless networks onboard US Navy vessels, and incorporates advanced algorithms to simulate RF propagation, model 3D environments and determine ambient RF power levels. The key objective of the proposed program is to modify the baseline AIRchitectr software to provide the additional functionality required for RF hazard analysis. Two types of upgrades will be required. First, the AIRchitectr "front-end" software, which simulates RF propagation, will be enhanced to support geographical and structural models of the environment, and to incorporate indoor/outdoor RF propagation. Second, additional "back-end" code will be developed to implement dosimetry algorithms based on applicable standards and methods (such as IEEE C95.1 and the RFR Dosimetry Handbook). User feedback will be provided using color-coded signal intensity maps and recommended safety actions. The RHAZ Analysis Tool will be developed using standard interfaces and modular methods to accommodate a range of dosimetry methods, and will be able to compare predicted results with empirical survey results to validate operation.

REMCOM, INC. 315 S. Allen St. , Suite 222 State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 861-1299 Dr. Stephen A. Fast AF 07-042 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Radio Frequency/Microwave Hazard Assessment Tool (RHAZ)
Abstract:	With the advent of High Powered Microwave (HPW) weapons, it has become necessary to understand the effect of the radiated energy on those persons exposed. Additionally other systems, such as microwave and troposcatter systems, also pose a danger to humans who are exposed to their radiated energy. The U. S. government, the Air Force and other international organizations have developed standards that specify the safe exposure limits. When computing Electromagnetic biohazards, it is necessary to properly consider all aspects of the problem. The aspects are the proper definition of the source and its radiation, proper propagation of the energy to the designated location, and proper computation of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The proposed effort extends Remcom's demonstrated Wireless InSite software to treat the prediction monitoring of Radio Frequency and microwave exposure hazards. Thus the focus of Phase I will be to extend WI to compute hazards using key newly developed Remcom technology. In order to meet the run time requirement in Phase I, Remcom will leverage the UPPS and EMPIRE capabilities. This capability, while lower fidelity than what is possible, will, nonetheless, allow the feasibility to be demonstrated in a realistic Phase I prototype. Further, accessing the computational capability via the EMPIRE API will allow the Air Force to incorporate the tools in existing applications. Following successful completion of the Phase I effort, Phase II will focus on enhancing the run time performance of the high fidelity engine using advanced ray tracing techniques.

WAVEPOINT RESEARCH PO Box 244 Newburgh, IN 47629
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 490-7947 Mr. Eric R. Wandel AF 07-042 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Radio Frequency/Microwave Hazard Assessment Tool (RHAZ)
Abstract:	The proposed effort will result in the development and demonstration of a preliminary prototype capability for a RF Hazard (RHAZ) assessment tool on a PC platform. The RHAZ tool will be designed to be easy and efficient to use by range safety officers or Base Bio-Environmental Engineers in a deployed environment. The user interface for the RHAZ assessment tool will be modeled in part on the existing Laser Hazard (LHAZ) user interface. A prototype developed in Phase I will demonstrate the efficacy of the RHAZ tool. A variety of computational electromagnetic methods will be investigated for implementation, including simple array theory models, method of moments (MoM), geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), finite element methods (FEM) and finite difference time domain (FDTD). A combination of selected techniques is anticipated with each selected technique being used as the field solver engine within its respective range of validity.

KNOX ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PO Box 1507 North Hampton, NH 03862
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 319-4640 Mr. William Knox AF 07-043 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	FastCAL PD-Meter: A Self-Calibrating, Millimeter Wave, Advanced Architected, Power Density Meter
Abstract:	Knox Electronic Technologies will develop a power density measurement platform that meets the requirements expressed in SBIR Subtopic AD07-043 with a measurement uncertainty of � 0.4 dB at 100 GHz and that can be used in electromagnetic fields that are greater than 1 W/cm2. Existing power density meters can only measure as high as 40 GHz with reported accuracies of � 1.0 dB, and they are extremely temperamental. Diode-based sensors can especially be a problem when information is lacking with respect to the signal one is trying to measure. Knox Electronics' approach is to employ vector network analyses using stable, characterized, highly accurate passive transfer standards that are relatively simple to develop, very stable at millimeter wave frequencies, and are immune to temperature drift. In this way, system uncertainties can be treated as systematic errors. This effort will include innovative power measurement techniques, digital receivers and "state-of-the-art" DSP techniques for improving measurement uncertainties, application of reciprocity theory using millimeter wave heterodyne receivers, and a using vector network analysis with a DSP-based single port reflectometer and passive termination to generate a 3-term error- corrected reference plane.

RCA CONSULTANTS, INC. 87 Munson Ave. West Hempstead, NY 11552
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(516) 538-2449 Dr. Richard C. Augeri AF 07-043 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	New Directed Energy (Millimeter Wave) Power Density Meters to Determine Dose
Abstract:	An accurate method of measuring the millimeter wave power density from 2 GHz to beyond 100 GHz is described. A breadboard demonstration, using a non-convential approach,to accomplish this measurement is described. A design study to develop the breadboard approach in a fully operational meter is described. Notable features of the power density meter include (1) the measurement of power densities as high as 10 W/cm2 (2) frequency independent measurement from 2 GHz to beyond 100GHz (3)remote wireless operation for turn-on, turn-off and scale setings (4) design to operate in a field environment (5) 0.4 dB of accuracy. The proposed program is nine months in duration.

SA PHOTONICS 650 5th Street, Suite 505 San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 977-0553 Mr. James F. Coward AF 07-043 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	New Directed Energy (Millimeter Wave) Power Density Meters to Determine
Abstract:	SA Photonics is proposing a program to develop a high speed electro-optic sensor for a high power directed energy power density meter, the SA Photonics' Power density meter (SA-PDM). We will utilize a photonic approach with no active electronic elements in the sensor probe thus allowing detection of extremely high field densities. The innovative approach used in developing Our SA-PDM will improve high Frequency sensitivity by 1000x over current approaches and meets the requirements of this solicitation to measure frequencies up to 100GHz with better than 0.4dB accuracy. Furthermore, this photonic approach with no active electronics in the sensor probe, allow us to meet the field density requirements stated in this solicitation as well.

HEAD REHAB, LLC 801 N. Elizabeth # 2S Chicago, IL 60622
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 571-4298 Dr. Semyon Slobounov AF 07-044 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Head Rehab VR System
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to develop a conceptual framework, design, produce and preliminary evaluate a HeadRehab's prototype virtual reality (VR) application in order: a) to proper assess functional impairments due to traumatic brain injury (TBI), via identification of changes in the brain functions, as a first step of patients' rehabilitation protocol; and b) to facilitate re-acquisition of fundamental cognitive and behavioral neural substrates temporary disabled due to TBI. First, we will link TBI symptoms to their underlying mechanisms and will produce VR application (computer graphics modules) to examine how cognitive (i.e., memory, attention and spatial awareness) and behavioral (i.e., visual-kinesthetic sense involved in postural control) neural substrates are interactively affected by the TBI. Second, within the concept of "neuroplasticity" we will ultimately develop a fully immersive VR prototype incorporated with "VR-driven feedback" and suitable interface between TBI patients and computer generated 3-D "enriched environment. Third, an executive task controller will be elaborated allowing a) the rehabilitation therapist to constantly challenge the patients and maintain his or her optimal level of effort and b) the TBI patient to effectively interact with precisely controlled VR environment contingent upon his/her intact physical capabilities. Fully developed HeadRehab's VR prototype may be applied for solders, athletes and ordinary civilians suffering from a wide range of TBI (from mild to severe), and will be most beneficial for patients experiencing long-lasting cognitive-motor and balance residual disabilities.

THE VIRTUAL REALITY MEDICAL CENTER 6160 Cornerstone Court East San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 642-0267 Dr. Mark D. Wiederhold AF 07-044 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	A Mixed Reality System for Cognitive Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract:	The goal of this SBIR Phase I project is to plan, design, build, and test a true 3D stereo mixed-reality (MR) system prototype that will enhance cognitive functions in TBI soldiers by inducing neuroplasticity through interaction with an enriched environment. TBI, the signature wound of the Iraq War, is the most common combat-related injury and results in disturbances in attention, memory loss, and executive function. Comprehensive-holistic neuropsychological rehabilitation approaches are effective for remediation of attention deficits and memory impairments, but extremely costly. Finding alternative, cost-effective ways to rehabilitate soldiers would help save the military and government an enormous amount of money. The Virtual Reality Medical Center (VRMC) will work with The Media Convergence Lab (MCL) at the University of Central Florida (UCF) and a TBI expert consultant to create a haptics-enhanced true 3D stereo mixed reality system designed to stimulate and improve cognitive functions in warfighters that suffer from TBI with the end goal of helping them return to service.

ACCACIA INTERNATIONAL, INC. One Tech Plaza, 2113 Wells Branch Parkway, Suite 6 Austin, TX 78728
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 782-8289 Mrs. Eula Sequeira AF 07-045 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Polyvalent Aptamer Networks
Abstract:	Aptamers have been selected against a variety of important biodefense targets, including protein toxins such as ricin and pepocin and antigens from pathogenic bacteria such as Yersinia spp. and F. tularemia. To ensure that reagents can be created for any of a variety of chemical and biological agents, including new biological agents, selection methods need to be streamlined. The cost of chemical and enzymatic synthesis of many RNA or modified RNA aptamers remains prohibitive for their development as therapeutics, which limit their application in diagnostic and biosensor applications. The cheapest and best alternative method is to synthesize short DNA aptamers. Unfortunately, short DNA aptamers frequently do not bind their targets with high affinities and specificities, because the surface area between the aptamer and target is too small to ensure multiple contacts. We propose a novel selection method that will both generate high affinity aptamers in a single step and significantly reduce the cost of synthesis of these aptamers. Deliverables for this project will be short aptamers that can bind as networks to MS2 bacteriophage or B. subtilis with affinities in the nanomolar range. The specificities of these aptamer networks will be measured by determining whether they bind to non-cognate targets.

INFOSCITEX CORP. 303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 890-1338 Dr. Vladimir Gilman AF 07-045 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Rapid Isolation of DNA Aptamers (RIDA)
Abstract:	DNA aptamers are promising highly-specific, environmentally-stable threat-detecting molecules. Unfortunately, the current method for generating these materials yields a product frought with a high concentration of ballast aptamers. A laborious, yet automated process is required to isolate the desired molecules, thereby precluding their widespread use. Infoscitex (IST) proposes to develop a rapid aptamer production process that relies upon the law of mass action to make selection of high affinity and selective aptamers after only one round. The Phase I program will focus on demonstrating the approach to be rapid, scalable, and economical. Upon successful completion of Phase I, Phase II/III activities will focus on the continued development and scale-up of the novel technology of aptamer isolation process.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Anton Chestukhin AF 07-045 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Rapid Development of DNA Aptamers for Agent Identification, Tracking and Neutralization
Abstract:	DNA aptamers are artificial nucleotide sequences that bind to target molecules with affinity and specificity similar to those of antibodies. High specificity, stability and low cost of aptamers make them superior modalities for detection of biodefense toxin and biological threat agents. Specific DNA aptamers are selected from combinatorial libraries by series of iterative selection/amplification cycles called SELEX (Systemic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). Separation of aptamer/target complexes from unbound aptamers is a key step in the enrichment process and a variety of technical approaches have been used. However, all of currently available protocols for selection of aptamers require numerous selection cycles with enzymatic amplification steps that may produce artifacts. Ultimate improvement of both selection time and selection specificity could be achieved by developing a single step selection protocol. We propose a novel NON-SELEX-based approach for single step DNA aptamer selection. The Phase I effort will provide essential data for the proof of methodology concept and will set the stage for identification of specific aptamers. Further evaluation of PSI's novel technology will be carried out by extending it to selection of aptamers against biodefense-relevant targets in Phase II.

ASTRON WIRELESS TECHNOLIGIES, INC. 22560 Glenn Drive, Suite 114 Sterling, VA 20164
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 450-5517 Mr. Glenn F. Brown AF 07-059 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Planar Wideband Phased-Array Element For VHF RADAR
Abstract:	The objective of the SBIR Topic AF 071-059, "Planar Wideband Phased-Array Element for VHF Radar", is the development of a single antenna element which can be used for a VHF (25 to 88MHz) Foliage Penetration (FOPEN) Radar Phased-Array. It must also be designed to be able to be placed on the skin (metal or composite) of the aircraft fuselage. The development of novel planar phased-array elements with low profile and wide bandwidth (25 to 88MHz) is the final objective of this SBIR effort.

FIRST RF CORP. 4865 Sterling Drive, Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 449-5211 Mr. Farzin Lalezari AF 07-059 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Planar Wideband Phased-Array Element For VHF RADAR
Abstract:	Currently fielded VHF FOPEN SAR systems are tailored around large Unmanned Aerial Vehicles such as the Global Hawk platform. The current antenna design is an array of log-periodic monopoles that is permanently installed on the platform. While these antennas deliver the gain and suppress the backlobe at sufficient level, they are large and require permanent installation on the aircraft. There is a need to provide an alternate technology that does not require a permanent installation on a large aircraft. Installation on tactical sized UAVs such as Predator is desired for maximizing the tactical value and flexibility of the system. The FIRST RF solution achieves the critical performance characteristics from a low profile two element array. Many wideband array elements are 3 dimensional and require a minimum spacing of 0.2 wavelengths or more of depth. This is impractical for VHF frequencies on small platforms. The proposed array element technology is capable of meeting coverage and bandwidth requirements while maintaining conformality. In addition, traditional array solutions require a large number of elements to achieve the necessary front to back ratio. The FIRST RF beamforming technology requires a minimum of only 2 elements to achieve the front to back requirement.

MAXIM SYSTEMS 1615 Murray Canyon Road, Suite 400 San Diego, CA 92108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 574-2274 Mr. Tai Seibert AF 07-060 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	Multiple Independent Levels of Security/Safety Tools and Processes
Abstract:	The Multiple Independent Layers of Security/Safety (MILS) architecture brings the promise of high assurance to embedded systems in numerous DoD communications, intelligence, and avionics platforms. Unfortunately, its widespread adoption for managing single and multi-level classified data has been limited by the various DoD Certification and Accreditation (C&A) processes it must undergo. While MILS has specifically been designed to be highly reusable and automated from the start, DoD C&A evaluations are still performed manually. The result is many months and potentially millions of dollars for even a simple system accreditation. To address this problem, MAXIM Systems and teammates OIS and Ball Aerospace will research the requirements for an automated DoD C&A tool to address the MILS architecture, targeting the B-2 EHF SATCOM program. The MAXIM team will then research methods to generalize this tool for other MILS application platforms as well as non-MILS environments. The team will also define requirements for use of the technology as a Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool for third party developers to ensure C&A compliance and MILS best practices are built into future software from the start. MAXIM will produce a complete development plan and proof of concept demonstration as part of this research.

WW TECHNOLOGY GROUP 4519 Mustering Drum Ellicott City, MD 21042
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 418-4353 Dr. Chris Walter AF 07-060 Awarded: 25MAY07
Title:	Multiple Independent Levels of Security/Safety Tools and Processes
Abstract:	The innovations offered by the WWTG are grounded in our novel work in developing a model-based approach that integrates views and tools for certifying MILS-based systems. Specific advancements are realized through representations of diverse, yet coordinated, behaviors affecting MILS policies and certification as executable models to produce high fidelity, repeatable and readily communicated artifacts. A common modeling hub is used to supports the integration of heterogeneous simulation and modeling technologies through a tool bus technology. The tool offers the potential to integrate methodologies that heretofore were disparate and performed by expert teams (i.e. security, safety, fault tolerance) into a common toolsuite accessible by many stakeholders. Information related to the system description, design and certification follows the system throughout the life-cycle and can be used early in to flag violations/deficiencies and/or used in the optimization of key system operating and design parameters. The combination of policies for MILS separation kernels analyzed with a proven, multi-formalism modeling tool offers a unique opportunity to improve upon the state of the art in the certification of MILS architectures. This will advance the state of the art beyond devising formal processes and practices but will enable application of these concepts to specific implementations.

BLACK RIVER SYSTEMS CO., INC. 162 Genesee Street Utica, NY 13502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 732-7385 Mr. Steven Mercurio AF 07-061 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	GMTI Forensics Analysis Tools
Abstract:	Black River Systems Co., Inc. propose to develop a forensic analysis system that provides various levels of data exploitation via tracking and fusion of GMTI and other data sources with a layered approach that provides the analyst with tools to perform data mining, adaptive criteria for event detection, and ultimately moves the analysts from a reactive stance following events such as IED explosions to a proactive or predictive capability. The primary emphasis during Phase I includes development of an architecture that supports existing tools and data archives, and algorithm research with emphasis on forensics and adaptive learning from analyst experience. Proposed for Phase II is the development of a prototype system that is distributed to operational communities with emphasis on testing with real theatre data and fast reaction enhancements and capabilities.

PARIETAL SYSTEMS, INC. 510 Turnpike Street, Suite 201 North Andover, MA 01845
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 327-5210 Dr. Robert B. Washburn AF 07-061 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Graphical Analysis for MTI Exploitation (GAME)
Abstract:	The ability of airborne GMTI radars to observe motion persistently over large regions provides an unsurpassed potential to detect linkages between events or facilities for forensic analysis. However, realizing this potential is currently a time-consuming, manually intensive task requiring days or weeks to produce actionable intelligence. To reduce the analysis time and the analyst workload we propose to develop a family of graphical analysis tools for automated GMTI link discovery. Our approach extracts key track-to-track relationships from MTI (or other INT) data to produce a large directed graph, enabling the application of computationally efficient algorithms which have been developed to perform link analysis on very large graphs. Because our approach transforms the data from tracks to a discrete nodes and links, it simplifies difficult problems of multi-INT correlation and fusion, avoids the need for long track lifetimes, and still retains the information needed for forensic analysis. We also apply recent extensions of scan statistic methods to graphical data to detect interesting relationships from noisy graph data. These methods allow users to incorporate information about data uncertainty and to get back quantitative confidence measures for the discovered linkages, helping users to determine if there is adequate information for making decisions.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5241 Dr. Renato Levy AF 07-062 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	A Cross-layer Approach for Reliable Communication in Airborne Networks
Abstract:	In this proposal, we propose an innovative technical approach for achieving reliable wireless communications in Airborne Network environment based on an integrated cross-layer design on Link layer, Network layer and Transport layer. Our approach has four main advantageous features: (1) a cross-layer framework assists information exchanges between different networking layers, expedites upper layers' response to quick changes of physical links and outside environment, and helps to optimize link selections; (2) the approach considers the broad diversity of link types in Airborne Networks, and implements an distributed agent-based link management scheme to enable network's self-adaptation to link dynamics; (3) a network addressing methodology provides automatic address configuration in Airborne Networks, and easy conversion between Airborne Network addresses and standard IP addresses; and (4) a transport-layer mechanism specially customized for Airborne Networks can provide reliable end-to-end connections on lossy, intermittent and asymmetric paths.

MAYFLOWER COMMUNICATIONS CO., INC. 20 Burlington Mall Road Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 359-9500 Mr. Wassim Ferzali AF 07-062 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Collaborative Open Architecture Technology for Reliable Airborne Networking (COATRAN)
Abstract:	Mayflower proposes a reliable airborne networking technology, the Collaborative Open Architecture Technology for Reliable Airborne Networking (COATRAN), to meet the Air Force objectives, namely, to develop data-link, network, and transport layer protocols, interoperable with standard Internet protocols, which provide reliable performance over intermittent wireless connections of Airborne Networks. The proposed COATRAN system uses an open architecture for interoperability with standard IP protocols and interconnectivity with space and terrestrial networks, and cross-layer and inter-node collaboration to counter deleterious effects of high-speed mobility, platform dynamics, link heterogeneity and variability. The COATRAN system will increase reliability of communication and networking under adverse conditions by utilizing innovative protocols that foster cross-layer and cross-network collaboration between nodes to form a smart network with smart nodes. The proposed COATRAN system leverages Mayflower's expertise in airborne networking, and builds on technology developed under three Phase II SBIR programs and Internal R&D. The COATRAN system, when proven feasible in the Phase I study for the Air Force application, has enormous potential for military and commercial applications. Mayflower will develop a cost effective COATRAN prototype system in Phase I and II, and ensure its commercialization in Phase III and beyond.

KUTTA CONSULTING, INC. 2075 W. Pinnacle Peak Rd., Suite 102 Phoenix, AZ 85023
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(602) 896-1976 Mr. Douglas V. Limbaugh AF 07-063 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	ATC Position Reports for Unmanned Aircraft (UA)
Abstract:	In this proposal, Kutta architects a high-reliable UAV Reporting Schema (UAV-RS). Kutta leverages its experience in developing flight certifiable software, avionics bus schemas, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ground control stations. Kutta also capitalizes on existing DOD investments and its strategic relationships within the UAV community. These relationships and existing technologies allow Kutta's team to architect a UAV-RS that quickly transitions onto the battlefield and into the National Air Space (NAS). Kutta and their partners use a proven software engineering methodology to derive the schema for the reporting system and evaluate the schemas in their own UAV hardware in-the-loop simulators. Additionally, Kutta tests the high-potential schemas and system architecture against a multitude of UAV use cases to analyze and optimize the UAV-RS. Near the end of the Phase I, Kutta demonstrates many of the preliminary schemas working in real-time 2D and 3D geo-referenced environments. At the end of the Phase I effort, Kutta delivers a System and Software Requirements Document (SSRD) for the optimized schemas and works with FAA Designated Engineering Representatives (DERs) and relevant agencies to start the process for ratification and transition of the UAV-RS onto the battlefield and into the NAS.

VIPMOBILE, INC. 655 Montgomery Street, Suite 540 San Francisco, CA 94111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 837-3201 Dr. Bill Webster AF 07-063 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	ATC Position Reports for Unmanned Aircraft (UA)
Abstract:	Unmanned aircraft (UA) position reports currently cannot be transmitted to air traffic control (ATC) displays by altitude and latitude/longitude of the aircraft. There is no schema for converting position reports for all UA used in theatre into a standard format and to forward this information to ATC and battle management facilities. Our approach will be to implement a simplified XML-based schema using Cursor-on-Target as an initial area of investigation. We will utilize message file reduction methods to improve data throughput over limited bandwidth. The end state is the creation of a ATC Position Reporting System based on a high performance data base engine. The reporting system will be integrated into the ATC Tactical Briefcase currently under development for AFRL/HE and ST BAO.

CAPRARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 311 Turner Street Suite 410 Utica, NY 13501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 733-0854 Dr. Gerard T. Capraro AF 07-064 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Managed Information Delivery to Multiple Devices
Abstract:	The US military must provide the right information to its warfighters in a timely manner. This must be done securely, to a large variety of mobile devices across different networks, in different formats, and using multiple protocols. Mobile devices should be used to receive information from the network, gather data, and send it to the network. The commercial products for these purposes do not meet many military requirements, such as security and Net-Centricity. The military has a major problem in connecting legacy systems, and adding new, proprietary commercial systems would only exacerbate the problem. We propose a system to manage information from and to a wide variety of mobile devices across networks called a Unified Military Secure Information Mobile System (UMSIMS) that will integrate with the military Net-Centric approach. It is a standards-based, extensible, secure and unified approach to coordinate multiple devices over multiple networks, while minimizing information overload. UMSIMS utilizes commercial products and standards, including Semantic Web technologies, and both new and legacy military communications systems, including airborne networks, UAVs and space assets. It will both forward and gather information to and from a variety of devices, accept new devices and software readily, and be domain independent.

VISION SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6021 University Blvd, Suite 360 Ellicott City, MD 21043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 418-5555 Ms. Catherine Holmes AF 07-064 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Managed Information Delivery to Multiple Devices
Abstract:	We propose an innovative approach to meet the Air Force's objective of seamlessly delivering information and alerts to the warfighter that accommodates multiple devices, connections, formats, and protocols. In particular, we propose to develop a system that can securely deliver and manage critical information flow to multiple devices utilizing different connections and protocols. We will demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by building a proof-of-principle publish and subscribe system utilizing a commercial agent-based messaging platform called AgentLogic as its foundation. VSTI will extend the core capabilities of the messaging platform and integrate FIPA-based ontologies and standards to provide a system that is extensible, secure, easily managed, and domain independent. The resulting system will be able to process data from multiple current and legacy systems, both push and pull information and alerts to users, and automatically modify this information to accommodate device limitations.

DANIEL H. WAGNER, ASSOC., INC. 40 Lloyd Avenue, Suite 200 Malvern, PA 19355
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 727-7700 Dr. C. Allen Butler/Dr. Eric C. Butts AF 07-066 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Fusion of Airborne Surveillance and Intelligence Information
Abstract:	In this project, Wagner Associates will develop a prototype Multi-hypothesis Active and Passive Data Fusion System (MAPDFS). MAPDFS will accurately fuse active data, such as Air Moving Target Indicator (AMTI) reports; with passive data, such as Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) reports. MAPDFS will rely on a sophisticated multiple hypothesis algorithm to allow the ambiguity inherent in contact association, especially when processing passive only detections, to resolve over time. MAPDFS will also use a Gaussian sum tracker to provide an accurate estimate of target location, even when active data is not available. In addition, MAPDFS will use a detailed model of ELINT reports when calculating association scores, thereby increasing the likelihood of obtaining and maintaining the correct associations. In this project we will also design scenarios and produce simulated data that will allow us to demonstrate the benefits of the accurate fused picture produced by MAPDFS.

NUMERICA CORP. PO Box 271246 Ft. Collins, CO 80527
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(970) 419-8343 Dr. Benjamin J. Slocumb AF 07-066 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Fusion of Airborne Surveillance and Intelligence Information
Abstract:	Airborne ISR platforms generate tactical air picture representations using kinematic information from radar and combat identification information from ELINT. This program seeks to develop a fusion system that is capable of combining airborne MTI (AMTI) radar data and airborne target ELINT (ATE) data to provide a Common Operating Picture (COP). Numerica's proposed fusion approach is formulated within the context of a multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) system, and it leverages Numerica's extensive expertise in architectures for a Single Integrated Air Picture (SIAP). Numerica's approach specifically addresses the need for an attribute-aided scoring process that uses the target classification information provided by the AMTI and ELINT systems, and it addresses the issue that airborne ELINT systems are unable to geospatially-reference the location of ATE reports. The proposed program also addresses techniques for capitalizing on AMTI-ATE fused data. At each platform, the fusion results can be used for sensor control to improve detection, accuracy, surveillance coverage, and response time performance.

ATC - NY 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-1975 Ms. Marisa Gioioso AF 07-068 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	The Metadata Security Assertion Framework and Evaluation system (MetaSAFE)
Abstract:	Modern Defense strategy and execution is increasingly net-centric and distributed, allowing for new information flows that cross system, domain, and community of interest boundaries. But these new data flows introduce security risk as sensitive information passes outside of the domain where it was created. To mitigate this risk, the originators of information must assert control over the dissemination of sensitive information, and the receivers of information must validate that this sensitive information was disseminated by trustworthy and valid sources. In both cases, detailed and accurate metadata must be provided with the assurance that it cannot be compromised to misrepresent the associated information. ATC-NY, in collaboration with Architecture Technology Corporation, will develop the Metadata Security Assertion Framework and Evaluation system (MetaSAFE) to enable a guard or other security device to manage the creation and validation of security metadata. MetaSAFE will provide secure association of information with its metadata, and a secure trail of assertions, signed by trusted sources, validating the metadata. The metadata will provide assertions about the classification of the information as well as the security pedigree of the information. Building upon existing ATC-NY pedigree technology, MetaSAFE will provide the most balanced volume- and time-efficient representation of these security assertions.

DISTRIBUTED INFINITY, INC. 1382 Quartz Mountain Drive Larkspur, CO 80118
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 825-8709 Dr. Wendy L. Hamilton AF 07-068 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Adaptive Metadata Integrity Assurance
Abstract:	Information Dominance is the key metric in today's battlefield. Reliance on data and management of data and the accuracy and integrity of that data are paramount to mission success. Metadata enables solutions to many problems of integrity of data. As the data becomes more distributed, virtual, and ubiquitous, current methods of centralized metadata and version control are not responsive to mission needs and are not scaleable to network centric operations. Phase I will extend existing agents to create an evaluation prototype Adaptive Metadata Integrity Analysis (AMIA) system. AMIA will evaluate decentralized development, tracking, and analysis of metadata in a network centric mission environment. This evaluation will be explicitly focused on scalability and responsiveness to the network centric warfare environment. AMIA evaluation will assess integrity of metadata on various objects developed locally and used locally as well as global data usage. AMIA phase I evaluation will provide evaluation of the control signals and risks related to adapting the level and quantity of metadata captured and retained across the network.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Curt Wu AF 07-069 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Software Trustworthiness Assessment Tool (STAT)
Abstract:	Warfighters are increasingly dependent on systems that must be reliable and secure to perform their missions. There is a growing concern about software system security because many current software systems are neither reliable nor secure. With the possibility of external agents and conditions accidentally or purposefully degrading system performance, software should ideally be secure from these threats. In short the software must be trustworthy. A method is needed for the system administrator to assess the current security level of a system and gain insight into active vulnerabilities, so risk can be actively managed rather than incorrectly assumed to be at a constant level. Also, an approach is needed to learn during runtime what behavior at a system level is "normal" and by extension, trustworthy, and what is unusual and potentially untrustworthy. We are pleased to submit this proposal to design and demonstrate the feasibility of a Software Trustworthiness Assessment Tool (STAT). This effort will investigate techniques for assessing the software trustworthiness of an integrated system during runtime. We anticipate that the results of this effort will be widely applicable to any software system where trustworthiness is a concern and analysis of individual application trustworthiness is not sufficient.

COGNITIVE CONCEPTS 458 E Jackson Webster Groves, MO 63119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(314) 961-7454 Mr. Peter Lakey AF 07-069 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Methodology for Software Trustworthiness Measurement
Abstract:	Cognitive Concepts (CC) and High Performance Technologies, Inc. (HPTi) will support the Air Force in defining objective measures of software trustworthiness, not just for embedded systems, but for a broad range of applications. The innovation is to establish measures of the inherent risks in software systems and to provide tools to implement those measures. The measurements we define will be fundamentally sound from a theoretical standpoint and will be practical as well. CC and HPTi will identify measures that are appropriate for all aspects of assurance and integrate these measures to form a coherent, comprehensive theory for measuring software system trustworthiness. Clear guidelines will be provided to the implementers and repeatable results will be obtained by independent applications of the measures. We offer a simple yet highly practical solution to the software trustworthiness measurement problem. It is summarized in this paragraph. Software trustworthiness should be a user-oriented measure. Software reliability is a user-oriented measure. The software reliability definition can be expanded to be applied to the software security and software safety domains. Our software trustworthiness measure will cover reliability, security and safety to provide an aggregate measure of the inherent risk of a software system.

DPRA, INC. 10215 Technology Drive, Suite 201 Knoxville, TN 37932
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(865) 777-3772 Mr. Ralph Alexander AF 07-070 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Timely Decision-Making for Logistics Support
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to conduct research to address problems of inadequate logistics support planning during the contingency or crisis action planning process. The current deployment planning process primarily focuses on the flow of forces into theater and sustainment planning is regulated to a secondary effort, or worse, as an afterthought. The Global Channel Analysis for Logistic Support (GCALS) tool will seek to effectively "optimize" and synchronize the flow of forces, equipment, and sustainment within the Combatant Commander's (CCDR) Operations Plan (OPLAN). Although logistics planning is considered in the overall planning process, there are some drawbacks to the current approach. The sustainment channel moves only sustainment and the forces channel moves only forces. As a result, each channel may have significant unused capacity, which can be used for a better-optimized deployment plan. By performing a channel analysis of second and third order requirements, GCALS will be able to optimize resource usage of available assets. This will result in a more optimized transportation flow for the OPLAN and save significant costs to the using customer. This proposal will research and define optimization strategies within a dynamic environment that focus on resource usage against resource availability.

JXT APPLICATIONS, INC. 2673 Commons Blvd, Suite 25 Beavercreek, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 306-5003 Mr. Scott Cone AF 07-070 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Timely Decision-Making for Logistics Support
Abstract:	Logistics planning has traditionally been treated as a support function to military operational planning, even though transportation options are a key enabler and limiter of any military operation. However, the need for greater mobility, flexibility, efficiency, rapid response capabilities and effective joint operations dictates a new approach in which deployment planning is better integrated into core mission planning processes. New technologies are needed to enable the rapid identification of feasible transportation options; enhance shared awareness of the commander's intent and available transportation options and constraints; and enhance collaboration among the supported and supporting commands. This effort focuses on improved algorithms for determining optimized transportation solutions in a matter of hours or minutes rather than days. Our solution will extend state of the art methods involving Tabu search algorithms and adapt them into a decision support tool that can produce more effective Airlift transportation solutions in significantly less time than current models. It will also incorporate human guidance and collaborative components in order to enhance algorithm performance, accommodate dynamic requirements and priorities, and facilitate shared transportation situation awareness. The resulting system will be a powerful decision tool that can be easily integrated into current planning processes.

DATASOFT CORP. 7669 S. Myrtle Ave. Tempe, AZ 85284
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 763-5777 Mr. Larry Dunst AF 07-072 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	End-to-End Performance Management for RF Networks
Abstract:	The needs of the future Airborne Network present unique challenges for performance monitoring, beyond the capabilities of conventional approaches: a fast-moving, dynamically adapting, heterogeneous RF network in need of real-time, end-to-end performance monitoring. We propose to research and develop innovative approaches that will help to ensure high quality performance throughout the Airborne Network. Our simulation study will indicate the approach most capable of operating efficiently, adapting to changing network conditions, and reporting accurately on current network performance.

SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP. 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-9008 Dr. Michael O'Connor AF 07-072 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	ADMS
Abstract:	Systran Federal Corp. (SFC) proposes to develop innovative techniques for providing end-to-end (E2E) performance management in Airborne Networks. Airborne Networks are envisioned to play a critical role in establishing a new paradigm for network-centric warfare. Due to the dynamically changing topologies and time-varying link qualities of Airborne Networks, it is very difficult to ensure reliable E2E connectivity. We propose a novel management solution for Airborne Networks that is adaptive, distributed, reliable, and scalable. SFC has assembled a distinguished team to address these problems and to develop a solid approach to commercializing these technologies to COTS solutions that are deployable throughout the Global Information Grid. At the end of Phase II, we plan to have a pre-production version of our technology ready for immediate deployment in selected applications.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Joao B. D. Cabrera AF 07-074 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	RARANET: A Routing Architecture for Airborne Networks
Abstract:	Due to the characteristics of Airborne Networks (ANs), where end-to-end routes are not always available, current wireless routing technologies cannot be used on them. Similarly, new metrics are required to describe ANs accurately so that routes that use the ANs resources efficiently can be calculated. We propose to develop RARANET, a Routing Architecture for Airborne Networks, which will enable routing to be performed in ANs. It will be a flexible, modular architecture with interchangeable components so that the different Quality-of-Service traffic requirements of varying ANs can be met. We will study the metrics, such as Expected Transmission Count (ETX) or Weighted Cumulative Expected Transmission Time (WCETT), that can be used to describe the specific characteristics of links in ANs. We will also investigate new routing algorithms, such as multi-criteria routing, that utilize one or more of these metrics to meet the Quality-of-Service demands of the AN. Topology control and routing will be performed by Hazy Sighted Link-state (HSLS), a novel routing algorithm that scales with network size. It will also be responsible for disseminating Entity Capability Profiles (ECPs), data structures which contain a detailed description of the nodes' characteristics. It will also use disruption tolerant routing schemes to overcome connectivity issues caused by intermittent links. The routing architecture will be Link-layer agnostic to permit it to work with any technologies that can be found in an AN. BBN Technologies will serve as a subcontractor, providing unique expertise on routing in the wireless environment and support for prototyping in Phase II.

UTOPIACOMPRESSION, CORP. 11150 Olympic Blvd., Suite 1020 Los Angeles, CA 90064
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 473-1500 Dr. Abhishek Tiwari AF 07-074 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Mobility Aware Routing for Airborne Network
Abstract:	Airborne network is absolutely critical for the information superiority of the US armed forces as it will form an integral and inseparable part of the global information grid. The link characteristics of the airborne network are very different from those of fixed internet and the terrestrial mobile ad-hoc wireless networks, which make the routing problem for airborne network a unique and challenging one. The nodes of the airborne network are highly sophisticated airborne platforms with precise control and have the capability to compute optimal flight plans in advance. We propose a mobility dissemination/mobility aware routing protocol suite which leverages the advantages offered by the computational and sensing equipment on board airborne platforms. In this proposal, we outline the benefits offered by the proposed MDP/MARP protocol suite over existing routing protocols for fixed internet and mobile ad-hoc wireless networks. We propose the development of an AirborneNetEmulator which captures the link characteristics and other issues pertinent to airborne networks, for testing, evaluation and comparison of the proposed protocol suite. We have provided preliminary simulation examples in this proposal to validate our methodology. The Phase I effort will focus on developing AirborneNetEmulator, MDP/MARP protocol suite and comparison with existing routing protocols.

EXPAND, INC. 5728 Major Boulevard, Suite 232 Orlando, FL 32819
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 351-1553 Dr. John Woodring AF 07-075 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Innovative Mixed-time Resolution Technologies for Integrated Discrete Event and Continuous System Simulations
Abstract:	The use of High-Level Petri Nets for developing executable architectures, and simulations of these architectures, has become increasingly more accepted over the past decade for several reasons: they are based upon formal mathematics that provides proven methods for their verification; they are relatively easy to learn and use; they can be used to describe asynchronous concurrent systems; they are supported by tools that simplify the process of composing and executing them. However, Petri Nets, as originally formulated in the early 1960s, did not include the concept of time. Since then, several extensions of the basic Petri Net methodology have developed to address timing; however, none meets all of the requirements for describing complex military and commercial architectures. The proposed investigation will identify a comprehensive methodology for describing timing and provide a strategy for implementing it in an executable architecture tool. Two specific timing problems will be addressed. Architectures that integrate communications and operations are difficult to describe and execute because these components evolve on significantly different time scales; therefore, a mixed-time resolution strategy is required. Many systems and operations are better described as continuous rather than discrete process, and thus cannot be well described by the current generation of tools.

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC. 1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 260-5274 Dr. Michael Graul AF 07-075 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Mixed-mode Simulation-based Executable Architectures (MiMoSEA)
Abstract:	KBSI proposes to develop a novel methodology and supporting technology to facilitate the verification, validation and quantitative assessment of DoDAF models for systems specification and subsystem integration using mixed-mode (discrete and continuous) simulation techniques. Currently, there exists a modeling gap between the DoDAF architectural specification and the mixed-mode simulation-based representations. We propose to bridge this gap by developing an intermediary mixed-mode Simulation-based Executable Language based on Bond Graphs, Hybrid Bond graphs and Colored Petri Nets. These representations will then be used along with a set of user-specified execution goals to generate a mixed-mode simulation model that can be targeted to different mixed-mode simulation engines. Additionally, the representation will be amenable to the use of rule-based and automated reasoning techniques for qualitative verification and validation. We will elaborately document the Mixed-mode Simulation-based Executable Architectures (MiMoSEA) methodology for model developers, strategic military analysts and systems analysts to develop, modify, validate, and publish DoDAF-based architectures that are quantifiably verifiable and validated and hence useful in DoD systems procurements.

FANTASTIC DATA LLC 207 Prospect Avenue San Francisco, CA 94110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 643-9555 Mr. Thomas Hammel AF 07-077 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Network Services for a Dynamic Wireless Airborne Network
Abstract:	The Department of Defense is planning to develop an IP-based Airborne Network (AN) to interconnect mobile airborne platforms with existing and planned space and terrestrial networks. Network services, such as, name to address translation, dynamic address assignment, and time synchronization are essential to the smooth operation of the internet and are normally provided invisibly by protocols such as, Domain Name Service (DNS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and Network Time Protocol (NTP) respectively. Unfortunately, these existing IP based protocols are ill-suited for use in the airborne environment which is characterized by lossy and intermittent connectivity. We explore the use of shared information spaces to provide the fundamental coordination and caching of data for a novel implementation of DHCP and DNS. This new implementation works on the lossy airborne network because that is its natural environment.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5250 Dr. Leonard Haynes AF 07-077 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	An Integrated Robust and Auto-Configurable Network Service Protocol Suite for Wireless Airborne Networks
Abstract:	The envisioned Airbone Network (AN) is expected to provide seamless connectivity for operators and a large number of applications. All these applications require proper network service support, including auto-configurable addressing, human usable naming, and support for service discovery. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI), in collaboration with Prof. Dharma P. Agrawal at the University of Cincinnati and Dr. T. McAuley at the Telcordia Technologies Inc., proposes an Integrated Robust and Auto-Configurable Network Service Protocol Suite (IRAC_NSPS) to enable a variety of network services in ANs. The proposed IRAC_NSPS exploits existing technologies and makes them more applicable to the dynamic ANs. First, the network service functionalities are formulated in a distributed hierarchical manner, which improves the protocol scalability, reliability and robustness. Second, an auto-configurable address assignment approach is proposed to provide bandwidth-efficiency and robustness. We also adapt terrestrial domain name service to dynamic AN environments by adding dynamic configurations. The Logical Name System is also proposed to further enhance the robustness and efficiency of the name service. Finally, the service architecture generation and maintenance mechanisms as well as the service discovery protocol are integrated to mitigate the overhead due to the constrained-bandwidth nature in ANs.

PARIETAL SYSTEMS, INC. 510 Turnpike Street, Suite 201 North Andover, MA 01845
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 327-5210 Dr. John J. Fox AF 07-078 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Geo-Statistical Analysis, Modeling and Simulation for Behavioral Motion Patterns
Abstract:	The Air Force has collected a large repository of Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) data from a variety of sensors. This wealth of data offers an unprecedented opportunity to perform comprehensive statistical analyses of surface vehicle motions under a variety of conditions and to better understand the correlations between these vehicle patterns and operationally significant events. To date, a comprehensive analysis of this data utilizing modern time-series analyses and geo-statistical analysis based tools has not yet been performed against this data. In this research, we propose to perform this analysis with a specific goal of estimating the relationship between traffic models and various parameters of interest (including time of day, location, proximity to other events, etc). The insights gained into the statistical behaviors will then be applied as the basis for generative models to create a large-scale simulation capability suitable for producing scenarios several orders of magnitude larger in terms of both time and space than current capabilities.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 268-1249 Mr. Allan Corbeil AF 07-078 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	GMTI Exploitation Modeling: Deriving Behavior and Characteristics from Data Sets
Abstract:	TSC proposes to extend proven techniques that extract traffic parameters from GMTI radar measurements and tracks for input to mathematical models that characterize target behavior. TSC will adapt an existing MIT traffic model that has been developed to estimate the vehicle flow between specific origins and destinations from real-time sensors. Historical GMTI data will be incorporated using a fuzzy logic approach to supplement real-time, multi-sensor data to compensate for terrain shadowing and other sensor limitations. In Phase 1, TSC will employ our high fidelity GMTI radar simulation and military target / commuter traffic models to generate test data to demonstrate our concept. TSC will extract vehicle sources and sinks, estimate travel-time and determine route choices for a representative military scenario. TSC will also incorporate intelligence reports and other ancillary information to improve the models. In Phase II, TSC will fully implement and evaluate the traffic modeling approach, and apply it to collected data, as available. TSC will then process operational GMTI radar databases or other Air Force simulation scenarios to show its benefit to exploitation. In Phase III, TSC will customize and integrate our algorithms into an existing multi-sensor ground station for further testing and operational use.

21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4515 Seton Center Parkway, Suite 320 Austin, TX 78759
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 342-0010 Dr. Matthew McClain AF 07-079 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	AALF: Adjustable Adaptive Language speech Filter
Abstract:	The ability to efficiently process intelligence data is critical to fighting the global war on terror. A major source of this data is recorded speech. Therefore, the performance of speech processing applications (speech recognition and speaker identification applications, for example) depends on pre-processing to find the regions in the recording where speech is present. Although current methods have had success isolating human speech from interfering background noise, these methods have not addressed non-language speech sounds (NLSS), i.e., sighs, coughing, and backchannel sounds ("un-huh", "hmm", etc.). 21st Century Technologies (21CT) proposes Adjustable Adaptive Language speech Filter (AALF) as a robust NLSS filtering system that combines a signal processing feature extraction component, an adaptive machine learning mechanism that provides robustness to various input conditions, and a post-processing component that includes a user-specified detection threshold to tune AALF's performance for specific speech processing applications that follow. AALF will improve the generation of actionable intelligence by decreasing the cost of creating speech training databases and improving the performance of speech processing applications.

ADVANCED ACOUSTIC CONCEPTS, INC. 425 Oser Avenue Hauppauge, NY 11788
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 273-5700 Dr. Bruce Stewart AF 07-079 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Biologically Based Non-Language Speech Sound Detection
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the application of new acoustic processing technologies to automatically identify and eliminate non-language speech sounds as a pre-processing stage to improve audio processing. Non-language speech sounds make up a large part of natural human language use, but contemporary speech recognition data preparation relies on hand-labeling of non-language speech sounds. The proposed work will extend the capabilities of a computational model of auditory processing based on multiscale spectro-temporal modulation features to the automated detection of non-language speech sounds. Advanced Acoustic Concepts and the University of Maryland have extensive experience applying the computational model to a variety of sound recognition and sound stream segregation problems. One particularly relevant application involved distinguishing speech from non-speech sounds consisting of animal vocalizations, music, and environmental sounds. Using a sound database to be provided by the sponsor, algorithms will be trained and tested in a similar fashion to distinguish non-language speech sounds from language. Algorithms for exact segmentation of the sound stream will be designed and demonstrated.

DISTRIBUTED INFINITY, INC. 1382 Quartz Mountain Drive Larkspur, CO 80118
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 825-8709 Mr. Samuel N. Hamilton AF 07-080 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Network Attack Damage Assessment
Abstract:	Current network defense tools and solutions focus on situational awareness within single enclaves without regard to network mission or multi-enclave dependencies. This perspective is insufficient for supporting military networks, where time-critical mission objectives must be supported regardless of network conditions. We propose to develop a real-time cyber damage assessment tool designed to allow users to see network conditions as they change from the perspective of how it affects mission, and quickly combat threats to network or mission effectiveness.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5275 Dr. Jason Li AF 07-080 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Integrated Graphical Models for Efficient and Practical Network Attack Damage Assessment
Abstract:	We propose integrated graphical models for automatic network attack damage assessment. Graphical models can be powerful in representation, analysis and visualization. The model development is divided into two levels. At the lower level, the focus is on network/system security analysis, and the unique graphical models we will develop are called attack graphs. State-of-the-art attack graphs are either extremely unscalable to be practical or too simplistic to be powerful, and they only support static security analysis. Our proposed attack graph model, in contrast, is scalable, practical, powerful in analysis, and can efficiently provide situational awareness, prediction into the future, and optimized action planning. At the higher level, the graphical models capture the inherent dependency relationship of applications on networks/systems, and of missions on applications. By separating the modeling process and introducing the interfaces for integration, our proposed approach enables independent graphical model development at different levels and at the same time ensures interoperability. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that supports dynamic security analysis and integrates different levels of graphical models for coherent enterprise-wide network attack damage assessment. The developed models will be implemented into an automated software tool to aid the administrators in normal and attack situations.

ZEL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 54 Old Hampton Lane Hampton, VA 23669
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 722-5565 Dr. James K. Williams AF 07-080 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Network Attack Damage Assessment
Abstract:	Zel Technologies proposes to provide a proof-of-concept prototype and demonstration of a system for mission-oriented network attack damage assessment and impact analysis based on top-down predictive analysis and modeling of potential effects-based adversary behavior. We will use results from application of the Automated Course of Action (COA) Modeling system, a Phase II SBIR effort, to represent adversary goals and objectives as enemy COAs with temporal information, observable manifestations and countermeasures for each enemy goal and sub-goal. This information will enable Command-level decision makers and subordinate organizations to determine the effects of network cyber attacks on the mission and organization. Without a developed science, discipline, or doctrine for Cyber Battle Damage Assessment, this approach may be the only method whereby decision makers can perform damage assessments and take prevention, response, and recovery actions to assure continuity of operations.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 663-9746 Mr. Andy Breeden AF 07-081 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Information Trustworthiness, Integrity Non-Language Speech
Abstract:	Securboration, working with Dartmouth University researcher Dr. Eugene Santos Jr., proposes the Semantic Integration Environment for Determining Information Trustworthiness (SIEDIT). The key barriers to effective information utilization is that analysts either use information with no underlying knowledge of its pedigree, or they disregard information in its entirety due to a lack of confidence in the data. SIEDIT will provide a formal basis for processing and validating incoming net-centric data to standardize information and verify information trustworthiness and integrity in a distributed computing environment such as the Air and Space Operations Center (AOC). Securboration's innovation is to employ a unique combination of models and technologies to standardize, weigh, and present information to the user to significantly improve the user's access to the right data and confidence in that information. User's can perform tasks more efficiently because they will focus on the data that matters most. SIEDIT uses a powerful Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) matrix algorithm that allows the user to rank the importance of structured and unstructured datatypes with respect to a specific task or situation. This information, along with quality and confidence metadata, is fed to a SIEDIT-created Bayesian Knowledge Base (BKB) that assesses data integrity and trustworthiness in real-time.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 591-7371 Mr. Tony Stirtzinger AF 07-082 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Advanced Self-Learning Ontologies
Abstract:	Securboration, Dartmouth College, and George Mason University has created a uniquely qualified team to develop solutions in support of self-learning ontologies. Securboration's innovative approach called Ontology Generation and Evolution Processor (OGEP) directly attacks the main barrier which prevents the self-learning of ontologies: the ability to understand the meaning of artifacts and the relationships the artifacts have to the domain space. OGEP leverages existing lexical to ontological mappings integrated with Securboration's proven Semantic Grounding Mechanism (SGM) and Semantic Processor Engine (SPE) resulting in an innovative approach to user assisted semantic-based ontology generation. Ontologies generated with OGEP will provide capabilities to discover and evolve semantic relationships breaking through the barrier that prevents self-learning ontologies. The team's extensive experience in ontology development will ensure the ontologies generated by OGEP will support automated reasoning within the fusion/uncertainty domain as opposed to ending up as a `paper' document on a shelf. Securboration is currently involved with JFCOM Joint Deployment Program Owner (JDPO) program office on developing ontologies to support operational readiness. The ontologies are leveraged in the service oriented architecture based "J3 Readiness Application", which provides an excellent program to test out the OGEP concept and provides a transition plan for the technology.

SET ASSOC. CORP. 1005 N. Glebe Rd., Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 738-6295 Dr. Stephen Kaisler AF 07-082 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Advanced Self-Learning Ontologies
Abstract:	This proposal proposes a system, CLEO - Collective Learning Environments for Ontologies, for supporting adaptive, self-learning of ontologies. It addresses three challenges: the design of an adaptive system, tracking lineage of new information, and ontology fusion. The system will implement a collective learning environment for developing new ontologies and extending existing ontologies. Collective learning harnesses the learning abilities of multiple learning cells organized topologically to conform to the natural meshlike structure of domain concepts. CLEO will be a rule-based system that will use rules to reason about new and existing concepts, determine relationships between them, and create or extend the mesh representing the problem domain's concepts. It will also track the lineage of new or refined concepts and their attributes as they are added to the ontology KB and provide for versioning and visualization of the ontology mesh over its evolution.

BLACK RIVER SYSTEMS CO., INC. 162 Genesee Street Utica, NY 13502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 732-7385 Mr. Steven Mercurio AF 07-083 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Intelligent Integration of Human Cognition into the Fused Reasoning Process
Abstract:	The goal of this Phase I effort is foster human interaction with automated systems via a collaborative learning environment to benefit from the collective and dynamic knowledge of a team of experienced analysts. This will be accomplished by applying proven commercial collaborative learning technologies to the challenge of adapting and defeating the ever-changing tactics of today's adversaries. Collaborative techniques, such as collaborative filtering, have been successfully implemented in dynamic commercial environments with impressive results. For example, Amazon.com has implemented its own unique collaborative filtering algorithm which is responsible for an amazing 35% of its sales as a result of recommendations from other customers with similar preferences and experiences. With today's systems moving towards a Service Oriented Architecture, it will be possible to continuously communicate in real-time with a population of analysts that can provide valuable and timely feedback to allow an automated system to adapt itself to a constantly changing environment This effort will apply collaborative techniques to the challenge of Smart Data Association (SDA) using multi-INT sources which will allow the development of new Motion Pattern Analysis (MPA) techniques that will automatically detect and recognize both the known and evolving patterns of the dynamic adversary.

SOAR TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3600 Green Court, Suite 600 Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 327-8000 Dr. Alan Vayda AF 07-083 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Cognitive Fusion
Abstract:	Soar Technology is teaming with Lockheed Martin to integrate Lockheed Martin's IFS (Intelligent Fusion System) with Soar Technology's BINAH (Battlespace Information and Notification through Adaptive Heuristics) system as the base for the development of BINAH-CF (Cognitive Fusion), a cognitive fusion system that will capture and apply analyst knowledge for advanced data fusion tasks. BINAH-CF will enhance BINAH's visualization and data management capabilities with new capabilities for control of the IFS, integration of context data, capture of the analyst's knowledge, and modeling of the analyst's knowledge. It will leverage the analysts's domain knowledge and cognitive power to produce superior fusion results and will facilitate automation of some of the analyst's cognitive tasks through learning of knowledge-based algorithms. The system will be developed with a focus on data and tasks relevant to the Air Force. This effort includes both a basic research component and an integration component that will produce a prototype demonstration.

ALTUSYS CORP. P O Box 245 Plainsboro, NJ 08536
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 878-4876 Dr. Lewis Lundy AF 07-084 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Situation Awareness and Impact Assessment for Cyber Network Defense
Abstract:	The work proposed under AF071-084 will investigate a new method and technology for solving the problems of situation awareness, cyber impact assessment, and attacker prediction. The new technology is couched in the Situation Management paradigm and is a variation of the case-based reasoning method used for situation assessment, assessment, and prediction. The work will follow the same architectural principles and evaluation methodology outlined in "Realizing Situation Awareness within a Cyber Environment" by Dr. John Salerno's team at AFRL. Salerno's paper describes three distinct approaches to Cyber Situational Awareness: (i) multi-entity Bayesian networks, (ii) a combination of finite state machines and hidden Markov models, and (iii) entrophy based on Information Theory. What is lacking in these approaches is an additional level 3 fusion technology that makes up for the problems of false positives, scalability, detection of complex attacks, and adaptability to new types of attacks. Current approaches are not inherently capability of solving these problems, but can be enhanced with level 3 fusion technology to overcome them.

WEBWISE SECURITY, INC. 1565 W. Valerio Street Santa Barbara, CA 93101
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 563-4538 Dr. Giovanni Vigna AF 07-084 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	CORSA: A Comprehensive Toolset for CORrelation and Situation Awareness
Abstract:	Cyber-networks have evolved into a ubiquitous infrastructure, and the Internet has become a mission-critical infrastructure for governments, companies, institutions, and millions of everyday users. To protect mission-critical cyber-networks, it is necessary to develop technologies and tools that will enable situation awareness of the current defense status of large-scale networks. This includes assessing the impact of attacks and predicting future adversary intentions. To address these issues, we propose to develop a comprehensive toolset that will assess the system health and mission impact of attacks and will allow one to explore the possible impact of future adversary actions. Our toolset relies on innovative models for the description and management of asset information and mission data. We will develop tools to update the model data with timely information about the status of the assets and the missions. This information is directly integrated into the intrusion correlation process. By doing this, it is possible to determine how a cyber-attack could influence the ability of the infrastructure to support critical missions. Our analysis tools will also support "what if" analysis on the models in order to determine the impact of future actions of the attacker.

JANYA, INC. 1408 Sweet Home Road, Suite 1 Amherst, NY 14228
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 565-0401 Dr. Thomas L. Cornell AF 07-085 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Advanced Time-Stamping of Events from Unstructured Text for Battlespace Awareness
Abstract:	Current state-of-the-art in text extraction technology can associate a time with an event only if a time mention occurs in the same sentence as the event mention, or in an adjacent sentence with an overt temporal connective. This is a serious drawback because many events in unstructued text, including HUMINT, are not associated with explicit time information. A knowledge-rich solution entails using world knowledge resources with many levels of analysis (e.g., discourse parsing) in order to construct an Event/Time Network, which connects and partially orders all temporally related event mentions and time expressions in the document. This is unfeasible in the context of information extraction systems, which rely on relatively shallow structural analyses to rapidly process large volumes of text. As an alternative, in Phase I, we propose to develop a knowledge-light solution for automatically constructing the Event Network for an input document. By means of corpus-based empirical research, our goal is to identify surface features that may correlate with the presence and type of an event-event link. Such features may then be used in a machine learning approach or, where the correlation is strong enough, in the development of pattern-based solutions to the Event/Time Graph construction problem.

LANGUAGE COMPUTER CORP. 1701 North Collins Blvd., Suite 2000 Richardson, TX 75080
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 231-0052 Mr. Andrew Hickl AF 07-085 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Advanced Temporal Reasoning for Precise Time-Stamping of Events (ARTEMIS)
Abstract:	Our work in Advanced Temporal Reasoning for Precise Time- Stamping of Events (ARTEMIS) addresses two challenges faced by systems which seek to enhance analysts' awareness of event information. First, while today's text processing systems have greatly increased the amount of temporal information available from a document collection, most systems have focused on extracting only the temporal information that is overtly mentioned in a text. We demonstrate that our approach can acquire all of the essential temporal information associated with events. In addition to a state-of-the-art TERN system, we use a combination of approaches to acquire the knowledge needed to infer implicit forms of temporal information. Second, in order to take advantage of the explosion of temporal information that we will make available, event we will provide temporal reasoning capabilities which will allow event visualization systems to "make sense" of complex situations automatically. The cornerstone of our Phase I work will be a graph-based temporal reasoning component which can track changes in reference time throughout a document, estimate the duration of specific events, identify the likely order of a sequence of events, and compute an exact time-stamp for events which are not associated with overt time or date information.

OCEANIT LABORATORIES, INC. 828 Fort Street Mall Suite 600 Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 531-3017 Luke Joseph AF 07-086 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Antenna Array Structures for Composite Airframes
Abstract:	Described herein is a proposal for the design and fabrication of a novel, low-cost, low-profile nanotube antenna that can be conformed to the skin of composite airframe structures and potentially be integrated with nanotube active devices. Carbon nanotubes conformed to composite structures create radiating surfaces that can be configured as antennas and coupling these with nanotube active devices will create the potential for them to operate as reconfigurable antenna arrays with power combining capability. A customized nanostructure material with superior electromagnetic properties will enable high speed switching conditions to support embedded nanotube active devices. Conformal nanotube antennas replacing conventional antenna apertures mounted to the exterior of an aircraft will reduce drag and weight and could be reconfigured dynamically while still in flight to provide frequency coverage for multiple communication systems accessed through a software defined radio(SDR) like JTRS (Joint Tactical Radio System).

RF NANO CORP. 232 Trafalgar Lane San Clemente, CA 92672
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 388-3582 Dr. Steffen McKernan AF 07-086 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Integrated RF Systems Enabled by Nanotechnology
Abstract:	The Phase I objective is to build and demonstrate a prototype AM radio at a carrier frequency of 1 GHz using an antenna made of dense aligned nanotubes and a classical diode as the demodulator.

ADVANCED MEDIA RESEARCH, INC. 3 Whitehouse Way Ringoes, NJ 08551
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(908) 240-8196 Dr. Minkyu Lee AF 07-087 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Voice Transformation and Detection
Abstract:	Voice transformation is altering one person's voice such that it sounds like from another speaker. This can be done by mapping the voice quality and speaking style of the source speaker to that of the target speaker. In this proposal for Phase I, we will investigate state-of-the-art technologies based on the source filter model. For vocal tract modeling and mapping, we will test the linear prediction model and the harmonic noise model. For excitation modeling and mapping, we will consider using the LF model and sinusoidal models. For speaking style mapping, various intonation and speaking rate mapping methods will be examined for the feasibility. This includes various statistical models such as the CART, multiplicative or sum-of-products models. The transformation results will be evaluated using human listeners as well as automatic speaker identification algorithms. We will also investigate methods on how to detect when voice transformation software is employed. The final report of Phase I will include the recommended mapping algorithms and preliminary speech samples transformed using the algorithms. It will also contain requirements and specifications for the voice transformation system that will be implemented during Phase II. Finally, potential risk factors that may affect the performance will be described.

SENTIENT CORP. 850 Energy Drive Idaho Falls, ID 83401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(802) 876-3100 Mr. Sean D. Marble AF 07-087 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Voice Transformation and Detection
Abstract:	Research into voice transformation has been ongoing for over twenty years. In addition, there are many commercial products available. There has been very little research, however, into techniques for detection of voice transformation. Furthermore, objective metrics for the quality of transformed speech - which could serve as a basis for the detection of transformed speech - are practically nonexistent. All discussions of the quality of voice transformation algorithms use subjective terms, though there is tacit acknowledgement that artifacts exist. This proposal describes research into the application of conventional signal processing techniques to the identification of the artifacts that result from voice transformation, and into the implementation of objective criteria for automatic blind-detection of voice transformation.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5241 Dr. Renato Levy AF 07-088 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Semantics-based Authorization and Access Framework for the Virtual Enterprise (SAAFVE)
Abstract:	Different organizations or groups may come together to form the Virtual Enterprise (VE). Information and data with the Virtual Enterprise resides on host computers that are geographically scattered yet comprise part of the IT of the VE. The members of one organization, when acting in a certain role, may have access to certain data categories that are owned by another organization. A new organization, such as a Coalition partner, may join a Virtual Enterprise for a specific mission. While network technology in general and the Internet and Web technologies such as Web services in particular are allowing Virtual Enterprises to come together and share data, the Information Assurance techniques that mirror the distributed, net-centric enterprise are not yet deployed. The issue is not simply to deny information access to members of one organization; rather, the challenge is to have the right people obtain the right information at the right time. We propose an innovative solution to this challenge, the Semantics-based Authorization and Access Framework for the Virtual Enterprise (SAAFVE). SAAFVE is comprised of Ontologies with which to annotate information stores, Policy instances, Meta-policy constructs, and User Profiles, associated support tools, and an agent-based implementation of the infrastructure.

MODUS OPERANDI, INC. 122 Fourth Avenue Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 984-3370 Dr. Richard Hull AF 07-088 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	WaveSPHERE
Abstract:	Recent initiatives such as the Knowledge Management Framework (KMF) at the 45th Space Wing (45 SW) of the AF Space Command seek to make data visible, available, and useable when needed and where needed. The KMF accomplishes these goals by federating data from multiple "silos" with an ontology model that unifies at the conceptual, business object level. While unification greatly increases user efficiency and productivity, it also comes with risks related to security. The KMF in effect creates a virtual enterprise where data is combined in new and unforeseen ways-thus providing an opportunity for unauthorized access to and/or misuse of information assets. The perceived value of the KMF to end users is directly related to the security of the information assets it integrates. Modus Operandi's proposed Wave Security Policy Harmonization, Enforcement, and Reliable Evolution (WaveSPHERE) capability will provide net-centric environments such as the KMF with a robust solution to security policy definition and enforcement in the virtual enterprise. WaveSPHERE will provide semantic-based security policy definition and enforcement at both the Community of Interest (COI) level and at the enterprise (multiple COIs exchanging information) level. The overall result will be reduced security risks when sharing information.

SECURBORATION, INC. 695 Sanderling Dr Indialantic, FL 32903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 591-7371 Mr. Bruce McQueary AF 07-088 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Policy Definition and Enforcement for Virtual Enterprises
Abstract:	Securboration, working closely with Dr. Raymond A. Liuzzi, creates a world-class team to develop the next generation of access control policy for information exchange across virtual enterprises. Securboration's extensive experience in ontological modeling, semantics-based policy enforcement, service oriented architecture, communities of interest, and semantic-based data integration position this team to greatly advance the state-of-the-art in access control policy. Securboration will leverage existing technology and previous and ongoing research in these areas to develop the "Semantic Policy Broker" (SEMPBro) with the key innovation being the use of semantic technologies to dynamically infer access control policy based on semantic meaning of integrated enterprise data. This approach overcomes the limitations of current lockout policies based on static data structures and ensures warfighters in a netcentric environment have expedient and appropriate access to information needed to perform their duties. As described in this Phase I proposal, and evidenced by endorsements from JFCOM (Section 5 of this proposal), Securboration is well positioned to demonstrate the advancements of this SBIR in an operational environment with immediate contributions to the warfighter.

21ST CENTURY SYSTEMS, INC. 12152 Windsor Hall Way Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 457-4244 Mr. Mike Luginbuhl AF 07-089 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	RPAT Technicians
Abstract:	Our adversaries understand the need to limit their exposure time to preying USAF eyes. The enemy hides, exposes only during the briefest of time and then hides again. As the enemy adapts to our technology and finds methods to minimize their exposure, the F2T2EA process had to be compressed from hours, to seconds. An obvious impediment to fast Time Sensitive Targets (TST) engagement is that aircraft must travel to and strike the target before it disappears from view. Just as important is the administrative delay in the kill chain. 21st Century Systems, Incorporated is pleased to propose to research and develop our concept RPAT Technicians that compress the F2T2EA timeline for support to near-instantaneous planning assessment and airborne weapons assignment for a team distributed in a ground control center and airborne control platform. Reactive planning against TSTs requires prior lists of "what-if" and "what-to-do" which will naturally accelerate the manual decision process. RPAT Technicians work inside the human decision loop to support the need for immediate answers. The technicians, at the high end, maintain engagement decisions for each target type and, at the low end, maintain an access list for immediate human input and direction.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(206) 545-1478 Dr. Neelakantan Kartha AF 07-089 Awarded: 18APR07
Title:	Automating Planning Against TSTs via a Novel Combination of Ontologies and Rules
Abstract:	Effectively targeting and engaging time sensitive targets (TST) is an important part of modern warfare. However, doing so remains challenging because of the various considerations that go into deciding whether a given popup is a TST and whether to pursue it. Systems for supporting such mission-critical decision making are crucial in helping to decrease the time for decision making, and to increase the reliability and robustness of the decision making process. We propose an innovative system called Sentinel for helping support the human decision making process in planning against TSTs. Sentinel combines the technologies of ontologies and rule bases in a novel way to address the problems of representation of decision analysis and automation of decision support. In addition, it provides visibility into the steps of the decision making process and takes into account feedback received from the human decision maker. Careful consideration has been given in Sentinel to issues critical to user adoption, namely its usability and its maintenance over time. Phase I prototype development will provide a solid foundation for complete implementation in Phase II.

JANYA, INC. 1408 Sweet Home Road, Suite 1 Amherst, NY 14228
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(716) 565-0401 Dr. John Chen AF 07-091 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Customizable Text Extraction for Warfighters
Abstract:	Current state of the art information extraction (IE) systems are able to automatically extract specific types of information object such as entities, relationships, and events, that are known to be relevant to a particular domain. In order for these systems to achieve state of the art accuracies, however, it is typically necessary for human experts to spend much effort in tuning the system for the target domain, whether it be in annotating training data or writing grammars and lexicons. We propose to investigate techniques to significantly reduce the amount of effort required by human experts in order to port an IE system to a new domain. The focus of our efforts is Semantex\texttrademark, a state of the art IE system. In particular, we will explore various approaches including bootstrapping and active learning in order to ease training of entity detection, relationship detection, and event detection without incurring a huge penalty in accuracy.

LANGUAGE COMPUTER CORP. 1701 North Collins Blvd., Suite 2000 Richardson, TX 75080
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 231-0052 Mr. Paul Aarseth AF 07-091 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	High-Precision Agile Active Learning for Domain-Customizable Information Extraction (HALCYON)
Abstract:	The dynamic operational environments in which Air Force users operate today require information extraction systems that can be rapidly - and easily - customized to new and challenging domains. In order to address operational demands for textual information, Language Computer Corporation (LCC) has developed a customizable information extraction system, known as CiceroCustom, which enables military and intelligence personnel to extract information from sources of unstructured textual information (including OSINT and HUMINT) quickly and efficiently. In this Phase I SBIR effort, called High-Precision Agile Active Learning for Domain-Customizable Information Extraction (HALCYON), LCC will extend the customizable information extraction capacity provided by CiceroCustom with a new framework which can be used to enhance the quality and accuracy of domain customizations performed by users. We plan to build an enhanced prototype which incorporates (1) an agile customization framework which leverages a novel paradigm for active learning, (2) a context-driven mechanism for customizing extractors to specific domains that allows for the incorporation of diverse forms of user input, (3) a novel method for integrating domain-specific knowledge into an information extraction system, and (4) a robust textual reasoning capability which leverages a state-of-the-art textual entailment system in order to reason about domain knowledge for extraction.

APPLIED KNOWLEDGE SCIENCES, INC. 652 Solitude Lane, Suite 100 Boyce, VA 22620
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 837-2969 Mr. Thomas Beckman AF 07-092 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Innovative Technologies for Knowledge Capture and Transfer in Space Systems Product Development
Abstract:	The purpose of this project is to research and develop advanced multi-modal information technologies for knowledge capture and transfer that can feed a lessons-learned knowledge base for life cycle product development. In order to overcome the obstacles associated with current lessons-learned systems, the proposed approach shifts the current paradigm from the management of documents, to the management of knowledge. The new paradigm recognizes that knowledge is exchanged primarily in sensory-rich stories, conversations, and actions, rather than in documents. To accomplish this shift, key concepts, methods, practices, constructs/mechanisms, and technologies will be identified and developed. The approach provides a process for managing knowledge that will enable the user organization to capture, elicit, refine, create, share, apply, and discover knowledge before, during, and after each project life cycle phase. Tacit project knowledge, experience, and expertise are drawn from domain experts and senior practitioners, using multi-modal knowledge elicitation techniques and knowledge representation schema. Knowledge about performing everyday tasks, research and analysis, problem-solving, and decision-making is modularized, organized, and refined into re-usable knowledge "nuggets" employing a variety of modalities, making critical knowledge available in forms that can be readily accessed, shared with others, and applied to enhance mission performance and broaden organizational capabilities.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill Street, Suite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2458 Dr. Enio Velazco AF 07-092 Awarded: 20APR07
Title:	Aerospace Systems Knowledge (ASK)
Abstract:	The Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) has a large number of employees that are close to retirement. With their departure a great deal of expertise, wisdom, and institutional knowledge will be leaving the workforce. This loss could lead to inefficiency and higher costs in engineering the future of national-security space. A method of capturing and transferring this experience and knowledge to junior employees would reduce the impact of the departure of the experienced employees. ASK, the envisioned product of this SBIR, is a unique tool that will accelerate the training of junior employees by facilitating the transfer of knowledge from experienced employees even years after their retirement. The core of the tool is a knowledge framework based on topic areas within the aerospace systems design process that are known to affect productivity. Two interfaces will touch the knowledge framework: a knowledge capture interface and a knowledge transfer interface. The knowledge capture interface will systematically elicit the experiences and lessons of the retiring workforce. The knowledge transfer interface will allow the junior employee to access these lessons when in need of guidance or training.

FIDELITY COMTECH, INC. 2400 Trade Centre Ave Longmont, CO 80503
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 678-8876 Dr. Robert Weaver AF 07-095 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Advanced Radio Frequency Monitoring for Wireless Network Security
Abstract:	In this SBIR Phase I Fidelity Comtech will develop an architecture and high level design for monitoring the RF spectrum directly using a network of low cost Software Defined Radios (SDRs) with phased array antennas. By monitoring the spectrum directly, we will be able to detect threats and interference issues that are otherwise not apparent using today's commercial wireless devices. To take on this challenging project, Fidelity Comtech has assembled a team of experts in RF signal processing, Signals Intelligence / DSP and distributed computing.

GIRD SYSTEMS, INC. 310 Terrace Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45220
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 281-2900 Mr. Bruce Hart AF 07-095 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Advanced Radio Frequency Technology for Wireless Network Security
Abstract:	Unlike a wired network, all communications in a wireless network is broadcast by nature, therefore prone to malicious attacks. Wireless information assurance (IA) is therefore of paramount importance to the healthy development of wireless technologies. Various forms of wireless information assurance and security measures have been proposed and implemented. They mostly rely on Layer-2 and above techniques only. In this proposal GIRD Systems proposes to develop and implement an innovative physical layer wireless IAS method and associated algorithms. By physically mitigating intrusion into a wireless network, this new physical layer method has the potential of achieving a higher wireless IA level. Further integration with the current and near future upper layer IA measures enables this new system to provide even a higher overall level of wireless IA.

MRLETS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 616 Brookmeade Ct. Beavercreek, OH 45434
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 902-1434 Dr. Lang Hong AF 07-095 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	High Performance, High Security Wireless Network via Space Time Coded Carrier Interferometry Spreading Spectrum
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to design and demonstrate the feasibility of an innovative high performance, high security wireless network based on space time coded carrier interferometry spreading which is capable of unprecedented information assurance in military wireless communications. Specifically, a novel spectrally coded (namely carrier interferometry code) waveform is employed in current OFDM technology to spread the information across all OFDM transmission subcarriers. The spreading of the information over all subcarriers introduces frequency diversity and leads to higher BER performance in multi-path wireless channels. Furthermore, the information spreading equips the wireless network with an anti-jamming capability. Additionally, the carefully chosen carrier interferometry code combines the benefits of single carrier transmission with multi-carrier transmission and provides a much lower peak to average power ratio (PAPR) than that of current OFDM systems. Most importantly, the carrier interferometry spreading is naturally integrated with permutation cypher and polyphase linear feedback shift registers stream cipher to provide RF watermarking capability and extremely high security to current wireless networks. The carrier interferometry spreading is also combined with space time coding and multiple input/output antennas to adaptively adjust the waveform design to obtain better information assurance in a dynamic environment.

DATA DRIVEN DECISIONS, LLC Technical Innovation Center, 20140 Scholar Drive, Hagerstown, MD 21742
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 865-4058 Mr. Joel Penelon AF 07-102 Awarded: 14MAY07
Title:	Scratch Repair Material for Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Coatings
Abstract:	Data Driven Decisions (D3) will demonstrate the feasibility of using atmospheric pressure plasmas with novel chemical precursor systems to repair scratched indium tin oxide ITO surfaces. D3 will use the proven atmospheric plasma pencil technology it has developed. No vacuum chambers are required so atmospheric pressure plasmas are well suited for rapid repair of in service aircraft equipment. During Phase I, D3 will: 1) identify a precursor system capable of applying ITO to a surface using atmospheric plasma at low temperature; 2) optimize the application process to obtain the target electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and adhesion characteristics; and 3) demonstrate the repair of a 1" X 1/16" scratch on an ITO surface using the atmospheric plasma and precursor system. D3 will also evaluate the safety considerations related to the chemical precursors, plasma effluent, and potential application process hazards. The process developed under Phase I will be refined in Phase II to repair ITO scratches on real world aircraft surfaces by developing the needed plasma handling and robotics systems. An ITO scratch repair system based on our technology will eliminate replacement of expensive parts and improve the operational availability of Air Force resources.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division, 20600 Gramercy Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Eric Gans AF 07-102 Awarded: 02MAY07
Title:	Laser-Assisted Coating Repair
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Air Force need to repair scratches in ITO-coatings on aircraft canopies and lamp housings, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Laser-Assisted Coating Repair (LACR) system. LACR is based on the laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of coating thin films without the need for a controlled environment. The novel use of interchangeable focusing adaptive lenses and the new transparent layered repair patch (LaRP) enables the LACR system with its handheld Nd:YAG laser to quickly repair scratches to ITO coatings of a variety of shapes and sizes without the removal of the damaged assembly. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of LACR by repairing polycarbonate coupons with scratched ITO coatings, restoring their optical and electrical properties. In Phase II we plan to develop a self-contained laser assembly for direct mounting of the LaRP repair patch for quick repair of any damaged ITO coating.

ACREE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1900 Bates Ave., Suite G Concord, CA 94520
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 798-5770 Dr. Mike McFarland AF 07-103 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Production of New Durable, Transparent Conductive Coatings
Abstract:	Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is currently used as a transparent electrically conductive coating on aircraft canopies to provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding for electronic components. The problem with ITO is that it is relatively soft and scratches easily, requiring frequent replacement of the windscreen, leading to high maintenance costs and aircraft downtime. In addition, ITO is applied by custom equipment using extremely laborious vapor deposition processes, which are expensive, complicated to operate and tend to produce low yield rates. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility of using a specialized process to deposit aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO) transparent conductive coatings as a replacement to ITO. The advantage of both AZO and IZO is that they have hardnesses that are significantly greater than that of ITO and are thus much more scratch resistant and durable than ITO. The deposition process that will be used in this project is much simpler and more forgiving than vapor deposition, producing higher yield rates and less expensive coatings.

ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORP. 626 Whitney Street San Leandro, CA 94577
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 483-4156 Mr. Jason Wright AF 07-103 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Production of New Durable, Transparent Conductive Coatings
Abstract:	Transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) coatings are used on the canopies of certain USAF aircraft for a variety of electromagnetic functions. However, the aircraft canopies suffer from short service lifetimes and must be replaced often because today's ITO coatings exhibit poor mechanical durability and scratch resistance as aircraft fly through rain and dust. The need for frequent replacements results in highly reduced mission capable rates. In Phase-I of this effort, Alameda Applied Sciences Corporation will use its highly energetic deposition technology to synthesize indium zinc oxide (IZO) transparent conductive coatings with improved durability, while maintaining >80% transmissivity from 400 - 1200 nm and <25 ohms per square. The overall goal of this research is to extend the service life of aircraft canopies by tenfold over existing ITO coating materials.

JENTEK SENSORS, INC. 110-1 Clematis Avenue Waltham, MA 02453
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 642-9666 Dr. Neil Goldfine AF 07-104 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	NDE and Real-time Process Monitoring for Residual Stress Inducing Treatments
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the need for reliable quality assessment and real-time process monitoring for residual stress-inducing surface treatments. The Phase I effort will develop and demonstrate the use of JENTEK's MWM-Array eddy current technology for high resolution imaging and nondestructive assessment of engine components after Laser Shock Processing (LSP) and Low Plasticity Burnishing (LPB), as well as after conventional shot peening. Also, for LSP and LPB, real-time process monitoring of subsurface stresses and other properties, using MWM-Arrays, will be investigated. MWM-Arrays and MWM sensors have proven capability to inspect complex components for damage and process quality. For example, the MWM is used at Air Force and Navy depots for cold work quality assessment of C-130/P-3 propellers. The MWM-Array has inspected over 3,000 engine disk slot inspections at a Naval Air Station and proved to be far superior to conventional eddy current testing and liquid penetrant. This Phase I will adapt this proven technology to deliver near-term benefits for post-process assessment, and will investigate real-time process monitoring for turbine engine components. Phase II will demonstrate a fully integrated solution suitable for production environments. The Phase I team includes LSP Technologies and Lambda Technologies, as well as a major engine OEM.

LSP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 6145 Scherers Place Dublin, OH 43016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 718-3000 Dr. David W. Sokol AF 07-104 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Quality Control for Advanced Residual Stress Inducing Surface Treatment Processes
Abstract:	Since the inception of production processing of parts for improved fatigue life using laser peening, increasing emphasis has been placed on methods and techniques to assure that the correct stress wave was applied to the part to impart the desired residual compressive stress. There are no reliable NDE techniques which are generally applicable to monitor surface enhancement processes, so it is critical for high value parts to have a high level of real-time process controls and monitors in place. Currently, for laser peening there are several quality control measures in place to ensure the correct laser pulse energy, temporal pulse width, and fluence spatial profile are delivered to the process cell for each location on each part. A higher level of quality assurance can be obtained by employing sensors which detect physical phenomena associated with the actual delivery of the laser peen stress wave. By adding advanced sensors which monitor the laser beam interaction or stress wave generated, the probability of a substandard processed area would be greatly reduced. Several technical approaches to the quality control sensor problem have been investigated in the past and recently some new sensor concepts have been identified for further evaluation in this program.

3TEX, INC. 109 MacKenan Drive Cary, NC 27511
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 481-2500 Dr. Keith Sharp AF 07-105 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	CMC Structures for Exhaust Nozzle Components Based on 3-D Woven Preforms
Abstract:	In Phase I of the proposed program we plan to demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing bladetrack components using an approach that will result in substantial reductions in cost and cycle time compared with conventional 2-D lay-up methods. The approach involves use of a 3-D fiber preform with the shape of the final component, produced by an orthogonal weaving process developed at 3TEX, which is then infiltrated with a pressure infiltration method developed at TSC. The processing steps are amenable to a controlled manufacturing environment with minimal adjustment by hand labor. The use of 3-D woven preforms is also the most reliable method for ensuring adequate through-thickness properties, allowing process control during manufacture, and eliminating delamination as a failure mechanism during manufacture or during component service. It also eliminates the risk of processing defects due to incomplete bonding between layers or lay-up errors.

EVISIVE, INC. 8867 Highland Rd. Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(225) 769-2780 Mr. Bob Stakenborghs AF 07-105 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Structures for Vanes and Exhaust Nozzle Components
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of the application of a patented microwave scanning device as an NDE technique to be used in streamlining and optimizing the Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) manufacturing process. The scanning process (U.S. Patent numbers 6,359,446 and 6,653,847) utilizes microwaves as an interrogating beam to penetrate a dielectric material. This method has been used successfully in preliminary NDE studies of CMC components for jet engine vane and exhaust nozzles. This method is capable of providing a quick and accurate measurement of CMC porosity, which represents a significant time savings over the current Archimedes principle porosity measurement method. This investigation will be supported by a CMC manufacturing company (ATK) and a jet engine manufacturer (Pratt & Whitney). Currently, the parts are submerged in a liquid and the density is calculated using the weight and the change in water volume. The porosity is then determined as the ratio of the non-porous material density versus the measured density. This process is repeated multiple times during the manufacturing process, which results in multiple drying cycles for the part. Additionally, the method only measures "open" porosity and not porosity which is closed off from the surface.

ADIABATICS, INC. 3385 Commerce Drive Columbus, IN 47201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 372-5052 Dr. Philipe Saad AF 07-106 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Low Temperature Limits for Gas Turbine Engine Oils
Abstract:	Viscosity and low temperature lubricant characteristics determine turbine engine starting capability, and lubricant motion with respect to the contact surfaces at low ambient temperature. Low ambient temperature influences the oil viscosity and also the variation of its curve shape versus the low temperature. According to the aforementioned research method, the requirements for accuracy and reliability increase for predicting the work of contact surfaces (bearings) over a wide range of speeds, temperatures and loads. The purpose of this proposal consists of a complex study of physical and mechanical processes between the contact surfaces (bearing), which includes oil viscosity at low ambient temperature [-40 0F], shear stress, shear rate, friction coefficient, and oil film thickness, to develop a modeling tool and associated methodology to effectively and accurately determine the maximum allowable viscosity for engine oils. For determining the effectiveness of oil lubricity during the start up period between contact surfaces, and the influence of the low ambient temperature [-40 0F], we have to test different gas turbine engine oils under no stationary process. The no stationary process in particular start and stop has significant influence on the reliability and longevity of bearings under the low temperature conditions. Recording tribology parameters (oil viscosity, shear stress, shear rate, oil film thickness, friction coefficient, and wear) in this non stationary process requires a new approach about the classification of lubricants concerning their starting properties, and their allowable viscosity under low temperature conditions.

SPECTRA GROUP LIMITED, INC. 27800 Lemoyne Road, Suite J Millbury, OH 43447
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(419) 837-9783 Dr. Alex Mejiritski AF 07-107 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Rapid Cure, Environmentally Acceptable Liquid Shim
Abstract:	The combined need for performance, safety, as well as the requirement for zero VOC calls for an innovative approach for formulating a liquid shim resin that can be cured in less than 1 hour. A dual cure system hybrid system is proposed. A UV or near-UV visible light source will trigger a curing process by a free radical reaction. The parts will then be assembled (bonded) and an anionic process will continue in the dark until the final cure is achieved. The initial instant cure will cut the curing time but not compromise the final properties of the adhesive. Further acceleration of the anionic cure can result from subsequent photorelease of a second, basic species.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2317 Dr. Silvia Luebben AF 07-107 Awarded: 08MAY07
Title:	Rapid Cure, Environmentally Acceptable Liquid Shim
Abstract:	During aircraft assembly, a liquid shim is applied before joints are mechanically fastened to make the joined surfaces fit tightly and to strengthen the joints. Current liquid shims provide excellent physical properties but typically require 8 hours or more to cure and 5-7 days to develop full strength. Unfortunately, this long cure time results in a bottleneck in the aircraft assembly flow. To remove the bottleneck, the U.S. Air Force is looking for a new liquid shim that cures in 1 hour and can be machined in less than 4 hours. Further, it is looking for a more environmentally friendly formulation. During previous work TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) developed a new shim curing chemistry that allows for a reasonably long application time (60 minutes), but short times to machinability (4 hours). The objective of this project is to use TDA's chemistry to develop a formulation that meet Air Force requirements in terms of curing kinetics and physical-mechanical properties of the cure material. TDA's formulation will contain no crystalline silica and no VOCs.

SOMMER MATERIALS RESEARCH 587 North Main Street North Salt Lake, UT 84054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 397-2000 Dr. Jared L. Sommer AF 07-108 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Novel High Temperature Geopolymer for Spall-resistant Pavement Materials
Abstract:	During the past couple of decades, there has been considerable interest and research in inorganic polymers ("geopolymers") for high temperature and for rapid-setting concrete materials. Geopolymers are manufactured by combining aluminosilicates powders with highly alkaline water through polycondensation. The resulting cured geopolymer exhibits high compressive strengths after only four hours of set time. Since geopolymers have no chemically-bound water that can vaporize and cause spalling, the inorganic polymers can be stable up to 1200oC. The mechanical properties of inorganic polymers can be improved significantly if the water content is minimized during mixing, while maintaining good workability of the cement. The proposed optimization technology, along with the use of superplasticizers, will allow the fabrication of low-viscosity geopolymeric pavement materials that will cure to higher densities and compressive strengths and show excellent spall resistance at high temperatures.

TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC. 9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 263-2101 Dr. George Hansen AF 07-108 Awarded: 06JUN07
Title:	Pavement Material for Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Vertcal Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) Operations
Abstract:	Joint Strike Fighter vertical takeoff and landing operations are expected to exert significantly harsher conditions on pavement materials than existing VTOL aircraft. It has been known for several years that during normal lift or landing, concrete has been shown to spall and age prematurely. A new, durable and low-cost material or design is required that can be used in place of or retrofit to existing concrete pavement areas specifically for VTOL training. TRI/Austin has developed an alternative design that will provide high thermal resistance and insulate the surrounding concrete pavement, and have a textured surface to provide traction for aircraft while sitting or moving on the surface. The idea will involve a top-level metal grate providing nonskid traction and allow liquids and lubricants to drain away from the wheels. Underneath this grate will be a stack of ceramic refractory insulating bricks to absorb or reflect the incident heat from the jet blast exhaust. The bricks will be spaced with gaps between them, and stacked in an alternating layer at least two deep, to allow space for thermal expansion and drain through of undesirable liquids.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. Arthur Gavrin AF 07-109 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Nickel-free Conductive Fillers(1001-030)
Abstract:	Modern fighter aircraft incorporate conductive materials to control radar signature and lightning strike resistance of the vehicle. The conductive materials are incorporated in chopped fiber, fiber mat, or woven form. Unfortunately, current conductive materials are in the form of a nickel-coated graphite fiber. While nickel has advantageous conductivity and environmental resistance, nickel is considered a hazardous material that requires extra safety and health restrictions. This impacts both the handling and the utilization of the materials. Triton proposes to replace the nickel with another conductive, environmentally resistant coating that does not have the safety and environmental issues of nickel. In Phase I, Triton will show the feasibility of coating graphite fiber with the alternative coatings. In Phase II, Triton will optimize the coating and qualify the conductive filler for use in LO materials.

HENTZEN COATINGS, INC. 6937 WEST MILL ROAD MILWAUKEE, WI 53218
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(414) 353-4200 Dr. Robert Chiang AF 07-110 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Zero Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Aircraft Coatings
Abstract:	The solvent-based epoxy primers per MIL-PRF-23377 and urethane topcoats per MIL-PRF-85285 Type I are widely used on military aircraft. The primers currently are allowed to have a maximum volatile organic compound (VOC) emission of 340g/l and 420g/l for the topcoats. The solvents used in the coatings are the primary source for the VOC. Some solvents are also classified as hazardous pollutants (HAPS). The increasingly stringent federal, state and local environmental regulations restrict the VOC content of all the coatings used in all areas. Both military and aerospace are included. The objective is to study and identify fast cure and low viscosity resins/curatives for zero VOC epoxy primers. Also, attempt to use UV cure technology for zero VOC urethane topcoats.

RESODYN CORP. 130 North Main Street, Suite 600 Butte, MT 59701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(406) 497-5229 Mr. Scott Coguill AF 07-110 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Zero VOC Coatings for Aircraft Grade Aluminum Alloys
Abstract:	The Air Force is actively pursuing a reduction and eventual elimination of the volume of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions generated during aircraft coating operations. Resodyn Corporation proposes the development of the zero VOC (ZCOV) coating system that consists of thermally applied engineered thermoplastics. The enabling technology will be Resodyn Corporation's Low Temperature Powder Coating (LTPSC) process which has the capability of applying low melt temperature polymers without causing thermal degradation. Preliminary testing demonstrates the ability to create adherent coatings while maintaining low temperature exposure to the aluminum alloy substrates. This technology has the potential for use in either aircraft repair, maintenance or manufacturing facilities. The process is environmentally friendly (i.e., VOC free) when creating protective coatings directly from dry powder. The process is intrinsically safe and does not depend on an open flame or flammable gasses.

INHIBITROL, INC. 19332 Rich Roy Court Parkton, MD 21120
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 357-4962 Dr. J. Anthony von Fraunhofer AF 07-111 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Nonchrome Corrosion Protection for Conductive Coatings
Abstract:	Conductive coatings are required for military (and civilian) aircraft to control electrostatic discharge and provide protection against lightning strikes. These coatings, typically based upon polyurethane or epoxy polymers, rely upon silver, nickel, copper or carbon particles for electrical conductivity and are applied over an aluminum or composite substrate and a chromate-containing primer for corrosion protection. While chromate inhibitors are effective in reducing corrosion, they are toxic and the current trend is to replace them for health and environmental reasons. There is a need for nonchrome based primers that protect both the aluminum and composite material airframe substrates and inhibit corrosion within conductive coatings. Inhibitrol Inc proposes to undertake studies addressing these problems and to evaluate the use of tobacco extracts, comminuted tobacco leaf and dust as additives for conductive coatings since studies show these materials to be highly effective corrosion inhibitors. In some situations, tobacco extracts can be as effective as chromates in preventing corrosion but without the toxicity issues of chromates, as shown in independent toxicity studies. The use of tobacco dust/leaf has several advantages, including absence of toxicity, derived from a renewable source, low cost and demonstrated efficacy for many metals in a wide variety of media.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SW, Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 769-8400 Dr. Fritz Fiedersdorf AF 07-111 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Nanocomposite Inhibitors for Corrosion Resistant Conductive Coating
Abstract:	Conductive coatings and adhesives are used on composite aircraft structures to control electrostatic discharge and provide lightening strike protection. Contact of these metal or carbon filled coatings with alloy components creates the potential for significant corrosion problems. These corrosion problems have been controlled historically with chromate inhibitor containing primers, but as these materials are eliminated, a need exists to control corrosion of both the conductive metal fillers and the aircraft structure in contact with these coatings. To address the need for improved corrosion protection of aircraft structures coated with conductive coatings, Luna will develop a tailored inhibitor package that mitigates the complex processes associated with the corrosion of these conductive coatings and aircraft materials. Luna has selected a nanocomposite compound as the basic platform for tailoring inhibitors specifically for this application. The nanocomposite can be intercalated with a range of anodic or cathodic inhibitors, permitting significant design latitude for engineering inhibitors that satisfy the application requirements. A further advantage is that the inhibitor release is moderated by an ion exchange process. Finally, these inhibitors are base on low cost raw materials and are amenable to existing production processes, so that these materials will be competitive to other commercial inhibitors.

AEROBOTIX, INC. 351-F Electronics Blvd Huntsville, AL 35824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 772-9035 Mr. Kirk McLauchin AF 07-112 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	Automated Sanding of Aircraft Coatings
Abstract:	Current survivability and engineering requirements for airframe platforms necessitate the automated application of numerous specialty coatings onto critical surfaces. One such critical surface is an airframes inlet duct OML surface. These specialty coatings have tight specification tolerances for the final thicknesses and surface finish. Sanding is required to meet the final thickness and surface finish requirements. The current process for sanding and masking is entirely manual, comprising 60-70% of the process labor associated with coating the inlet ducts. Coatings such as MagRAM (Magnetic RADAR Absorbing Material), which are typically highly loaded with fillers, require extensive sanding process time to achieve specification thicknesses for field areas and tapers. Due to the shape and geometry of the inlet ducts, ergonomics associated with performing the sanding process are substantially reduced, resulting in awkward operator positions, reach issues, inability to provide the best possible tool control, and others. Sanding processes and equipment need to be developed and tested to reduce the process time for coatings application. Robotic sanding of the multiple specialty coatings provides a controlled sanding process which can repeatably produce the intended results while reducing process time, labor, rework, and safety and environmental issues. A new prototype sanding tool can be developed which will incorporate force control, compliancy, speed control and vacuum recovery into a robotic end effector which can be interchangeable with other end effectors on the same robotic tools in use on existing systems.

MILLENNIUM DYNAMICS CORP. 5860 Bridgemont Place Acworth, GA 30101
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(770) 425-3338 Mr. Aaron Harcrow AF 07-112 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Automated Sanding of Aircraft Coatings
Abstract:	A cost effective and low risk automated sanding system that utilizes an innovative and extensible system architecture for removal of aircraft coatings is proposed. Elements of the Integrated Product/Process Development and robust design methodology will be applied in a systematic and exhaustive qualitative and quantitative assessment to identify the technologies, architecture and design concept that provides the best solution to meet the automated sanding requirements. The basic elements of this system are: . multi-spectral sensors to determine coating thickness on various substrates, . industrial robot with precision movement control, . intelligent control algorithm, . sanding subsystem having interchangeable sanding tools, . coating containment system. The system will be cost effective and low risk by taking advantage of many commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components A proprietary control algorithm will provide communication and control between the several subsystems. Measurements of coating thickness and sanding logic will be demonstrated on test coupons fabricated from coatings and substrates representative of the subject aircraft.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. B. Matthew Michaelis AF 07-113 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Novel Automated Masking System
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for improved masking technology used in the aircraft manufacturing and maintenance facilities, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new High Speed Automated Arbitrary Masking (HiSAAM) system. This proposed device is based on an automated deposition of masking composition to aircrafts in the droplet form that allows for the precise targeting of nanoscale droplets on the protected surface. The innovation in HiSAAM technology will enable the system to apply masks of any complexity quickly, accurately, and with high resolution and can easily be integrated with automated coating applicators to provide masking and coating in one step. In addition, the novel masking material deposited with this system is easily removed once coatings have been applied with no residue left. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of HiSAAM by building a proof of concept mask applicator and demonstrating masking, coating and demasking. In Phase II POC plans to build a full scale masking head and demonstrate system accuracy, resolution, and speed.

TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC. 9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 263-2101 Mr. John Bulluck AF 07-113 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Improved Masking Aides Technology
Abstract:	There is a need for new masking technologies for aircraft manufacture. Military aircraft have specialty coatings applied to the outer mold line. Maskants must be used for protection against tooling, and to avoid overspray and accurately meet engineering edge of part requirements. Current technologies are inefficient; for an advanced military aircraft, masking and demasking operations alone currently take 200 hours. Complex curvatures and ergonomic restraints further slow this tedious process. TRI/Austin proposes the use of sprayable temporary maskants that cure under ultraviolet light to solve this problem. The maskants can be applied to an area to be protected, cured within seconds by UV light, and cleanly peeled off by hand after use. The perimeter of the area to be masked can be outlined in tape where necessary. We propose to formulate maskants, test and optimize the physical properties and application properties, and develop a cure procedure to provide the Air Force with a broadly applicable new technology for the manufacture of its aircraft. Preliminary research has a yielded maskant that can be applied and cured in seconds, provides excellent surface protection, and is easily removed in seconds. This technology will significantly increase efficiency in aircraft masking and demasking operations.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-4760 Mr. Dan Xiang AF 07-114 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Calibration Standards for Thermosonic Nondestructive Evaluation
Abstract:	Laser shock peening (LSP) provides a means to the surface treatment for metals by inducing compressive stress, and prevents fatigue cracks on foreign object damage (FOD)-prone areas such as the leading edges of compressor airfoils in a modern gas turbine. While LSP is a mature and reliable manufacturing process, slight anomalies during the process or variations in material ductility can cause small subsurface cracks to form in the resultant LSP processed material. Most existing NDE techniques are not sensitive enough to detect these cracks. The emerging Thermosonic imaging technique has proven to be capable of detecting very small surface and subsurface cracks formed during the LSP process. To validate the test results and enable the instrumental calibration of a thermosonic imaging system for specific components, calibration standards with real cracks must be produced. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI) outlines an innovative approach for the development of calibration standards for thermosonic NDE. The key innovation of the proposed approach is the calibration standard development process, including standard specimen design, real subsurface crack fabrication, calibration, validation, verification, and standard traceability, etc.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division, 20600 Gramercy Place, B Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Pauline Paki-Amouzou AF 07-114 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Simulated Turbine Airfoil Calibration Standards
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for calibration standards for measuring small flaws in turbine airfoils during thermosonic nondestructive evaluation, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Simulated Turbine Airfoil Calibration (STAC) standards process. This proposed development is based on the laser shock peening technique and a simulated control analysis process. The innovation in the LSP process control for small flaw induction will enable STAC to reliably and repeatably produce high quality reference standards that could be used on any component where very small surface or subsurface flaws exist. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of producing calibration standards that will be validated by nondestructive evaluation and by simulation. In Phase II POC plans to further optimize the process and integrate it into a fully functioning platform that will include thermosonic NDE for defects validation.

E PAINT CO. 25 Research Road East Falmouth, MA 02536
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 540-4412 Mr. Alex Walsh AF 07-116 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Ice-Phobic Clearcoat to Improve Aircraft and Pilot Safety
Abstract:	Ice-shedding clearcoats are proposed based on transparent materials having large solid-solid phase changes. Phase I develops candidate coating formulations and evaluates their performance as military topcoats for aircraft. Tests are planned to demonstrate concept feasibility. These include of elimination of ice adhesion, compatibility with current coating systems, meeting technical performance requirements for aircraft, as well as environmental friendliness. Phase II further develops those novel coatings for aircraft by characterizing service life and determining service life protocols of the developed coating on panels as well as actual aircraft surfaces.

SEASHELL TECHNOLOGY LLC 3252 Holiday Court Suite 115 La Jolla, CA 92037
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 638-0315 Dr. Sheldon Schultz AF 07-116 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Novel Aircraft Anti-Ice Coating Material
Abstract:	Accumulation of ice on aicraft wings and structural elements is a significant safety concern during cold weather conditions. Monitoring of ice formation and subsequent removal also requires a large investment of resources and has negative environmental effects. The development of novel strategies to minimize ice accretion and removal time from aircraft would greatly benefit both civilian and military aviation industries. In the Phase 1 research program we propose the creation and testing of novel nanocomposite coatings that minimize both ice accretion and adherence to military topcoat surfaces. These coatings are designed as multi-functional composites for enhanced activity. A first component of the coating is a ultrahydrophobic activity to prevent ice droplet adherence and minimize adhesion strength. A second active component in the coating can depress the freezing point, or facilitate the removal of adhered ice. Coatings will be formulated and characterized for ultrahydrophobic activity, mechanical integrity, stability and water freezing point depression activity. The promising icephobic coatings will be further tested in static ice adhesion assays and ice accretion studies using an icing wind tunnel. This study will provide a foundation for field testing of icephobic coating candidates during the Phase II research program.

PICOMETRIX LLC 2925 Boardwalk Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 864-5636 Dr. David Zimdars AF 07-117 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	In-Process Cure Monitoring of Specialty Material Coatings
Abstract:	We propose to demonstrate the feasibility of a fiber optic coupled pulsed time domain terahertz (THz or T-Ray) instrument to measure aircraft specialty coatings during in-process curing. The method employed will be capable of measuring the complex dielectric constant and thickness of the coating during and after the curing process. We will experimentally investigate a polyurethane coating, and develop a method to predict the post-cure dielectric properties from the pre-cure measurements. The proposed method will be able to measure these properties on a wide variety of coating and paints. The T-Ray measurement process is suitable for both composite and metallic substrates. The reflection T-Ray sensor will have non-contact operation, with working distances adjustable from less than 1 cm up to 100 cm. Measurement will be real time, with waveforms acquired at rates up to 100 Hz. In phase II, we will construct an on-line capable prototype T-Ray coating measurement system, based on specifications determined in the Phase I project. The system will be tested under realistic conditions and delivered to the Air Force for field-testing. The proposed T-Ray reflection sensor will be freely positional, suited for hand-held use or mounted on a robot.

TEXAS RESEARCH INSTITUTE AUSTIN, INC. 9063 Bee Caves Road Austin, TX 78733
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 263-2101 Mr. Russell Austin AF 07-117 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	In-Process Cure Monitoring of Specialty Material Coatings
Abstract:	Radar Absorbing Material coatings are a necessary part of modern military aircraft. Such coatings greatly reduce aircraft radar signature, but there is currently no effective way to monitor the cure process, measure wet RAM thickness, determine the optimum time to apply the next layer or predict cured thickness while the RAM is still curing. Texas Research Institute Austin Inc (TRI) proposes to develop a sensor to make these measurements. The sensor will be developed based on a novel, patent pending dual waveguide millimeter wave system developed under a previous SBIR. The University of Missouri Rolla will subcontract, and Boeing and CAAP Co are supplying no cost support in Phase I. Lockheed and PRC-DeSoto have been briefed, and are interested in Phase II involvement. The proposed approach requires only a calibration sample, and no complex equipment (e.g. network analyzers) or data analysis. To change the type or thickness of the coating being monitored, simply change the calibration sample. The sensor is handheld, affordable, real time and operation requires little training.

MATERIALS & SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC. 5395 West 700 South Salt Lake City, UT 84104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 530-4987 Dr. Feng Zhao AF 07-118 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Low-Cost IR Windows and Lenses made from Polycrystalline YAG
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I proposal from Materials and Systems Research, Inc. (MSRI) and University of Utah (subcontractor) seeks to fabricate single-phase, polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) with a density greater than 99.95% and a mean grain size less than 1 micron. Polycrystalline YAG with these properties will have optical transmittance comparable to that of single crystal YAG in the midwave (3-5 micron) and long wave (8-14 micron) infrared windows. The high density and small grain size will be achieved by a fabrication route that will combine the following steps: preparation of a stable suspension of submicron YAG powder, forming a green compact by colloidal isopressing, and a two-stage densification by pressureless sintering followed by hot-isostatic pressing. The proposed fabrication route has two distinct advantages over conventional powder processing methods: (a) it eliminates microstructural inhomogenities that limit strength, durability and optical transmittance in conventional powder processing, (b) it eliminates a number of steps involved in conventional processing and leads to a lower cost. Research in Phase I will fabricate disks 100-150 mm in diameter and 3-6 mm in thickness. Measurements of fracture strengths, fracture toughness, and optical transmittance will be done by University of Utah under a subcontract.

NANOCEROX, INC. 712 State Circle Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 741-9522 Dr. Anthony C. Sutorik AF 07-118 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Transparent YAG Ceramics for IR Windows Produced from High Purity YAG Nanopowders
Abstract:	Nanocerox proposes to use our custom formulated, high purity yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) nanopowder for the production of YAG plates (100 mm diameter and 6 mm thick) with 82-84% transmission to demonstrate their utility as IR transparent windows. YAG is a high strength ceramic which, with proper processing, can achieve the optical quality required for this application. The challenge for successful development lies in that very narrow specifications of purity, composition, and processing must be strictly maintained for YAG to achieve transparency. Nanocerox has recently demonstrated its ability to overcome many of these challenges by repeatedly producing YAG ceramics (1~2 mm thick) with 82-84% transmission at 1000-3000 nm. This achievement was made possible by the optimized sintering of high purity nanopowder, prepared by Nanocerox's patent synthesis method of Liquid-Phase Flame Spray Pyrolysis. The optimized method produces YAG nanopowders with high purity (<200 ppm volatiles, < 50 ppm transition metals), uniform particle size (~ 40 nm average), and strict composition control (� 0.003 variation in stoichiometry). Our Phase I goal will be achieved through a series of specific technical tasks: (1) production of 4 x 2 kg batches of high quality YAG nanopowder; (2) processing trials at an interim size of 40 mm dia. x 6 mm thick to resolve key issues; (3) optical and physical characterization of trials to confirm the performance specifications; and (4) production and characterization of YAG parts in the final target size. Success in Phase I will set the stage for further Phase II development including establishing quality control on large scale nanopowder production; optimized sintering control for maximum physical properties; characterization of physical properties under extreme environments; and fabrication of larger prototypes under consultation with Air Force technical officers.

ALLCOMP, INC. 209 Puente Ave. City of Industry, CA 91746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 369-1273 Mr. Wei Shih AF 07-119 Awarded: 30MAY07
Title:	Compact Hybrid Liquid/Air Heat Exchanger
Abstract:	High conductivity (Hi-K) Carbon foam and Carbon-Carbon (C-C) composites are light-weight and offers the highest specific thermal conductivity (conductivity/ density) among engineering materials. Carbon foam and C-C have also been identified as ideal core materials for advanced high temperature heat exchangers achieving up to 50% weight saving. Under this program, we propose to design, fabricate and test hybrid full-size heat exchangers using carbon based material as the core materials for advanced Air-Liquid heat exchanger applications, such as hot fuel/ram air and hot air/fuel or polyalpaolefin (PAO) heat sink. Both fin-fin and fin-foam design configurations will be considered using either metal or carbon-carbon parting sheets. Technical issues, such as joining of materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion and leakage & sealing of C-C composites will be fully addressed under this proposed program. Heat exchanger core and manifold will be integrated with support structures. The heat exchanger will be fully tested, both performance and structurally in heat exchanger test facility.

MATERIAL INNOVATIONS, INC. 15801 Chemical Lane Huntington Beach, CA 92649
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 373-3070 Mr. James Calder AF 07-119 Awarded: 29MAY07
Title:	Affordable Manufacturing for Compact Hybrid Carbon Liquid/Air Heat Exchanger
Abstract:	An affordable carbon composite core and manifold heat exchanger will be developed for high heat transfer rates with zero leakage between high and low pressure streams. The design will incorporate ease of manufacturing with a scalable assembly process that is production friendly. This innovative concept will use prefabricated, emphasizing waterjet cutting, plate-based composites to create a plate/fin and composite fluid tube construction. End-cap manifolds will be compression molded composite. For heat transfer regions, composite materials will be pitch-based graphite epoxy with fiber conductivities nominally 650 W/mK with an option for fiber at 1100 W/mK in critical thermal designs. Low-cost carbon-carbon with unique sealing technology will be used for a fluid channels. Exchanger design will be applicable to both graphite/epoxy and laminate/woven carbon-carbon systems. The carbon-graphite/epoxy exchanger developed in Phase 1 will be suitable for inlet temperatures up to 350�F and 80 psi. Weight will be reduced by >40% with an increase in heat rejection relative to baselined designs. Phase 2 will expand the design for exclusive use of carbon-carbon when service temperatures exceed 500�F. Analysis will be used for optimization. Phase 1 will build and test a complete exchanger prototype that will establish the production path carried into Phase 2.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SW, Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Dr. Bryan Koene AF 07-120 Awarded: 30MAY07
Title:	Appliques for the Assessment of Damage on Composites
Abstract:	Luna Innovations will develop impact and thermal damage indicator appliques for polymer matrix composites (PMCs) used in aircraft and support structures. This smart applique system will produce a visual signal in response to an impact or thermal event capable of damaging the underlying composite. This system will allow maintenance personnel to rapidly identify potential composite damage in the field without the use of expensive equipment or extensive training. Areas of damage highlighted by the applique can then be more closely inspected with traditional NDE methods to determine if repair is required. This indicator system is inexpensive, scalable, and will operate with currently used applique systems to show prospective impact and thermal damage. The technology developed on this program will decrease life cycle costs, reduce maintenance, and increase readiness by limiting equipment down-time.

NIMBUS TECHNOLOGIES 515 Schoolhouse Road Kennett Sqaure, PA 19348
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 444-2383 Dr. William Biter AF 07-120 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Magnetoelastic Fiber-Filled Appliqu� for Detecting Structural Damage
Abstract:	A new appliqu� is proposed consisting of a film filled with stress sensitive magnetic fibers. This film, applied over the structure, can be imaged to measure stress concentration and/or anomalies resulting from an impact. This would be a valuable tool to provide warning of structural distress/damage. This proposal will design the appliqu�, evaluate two different readout systems for measuring the strain measurements and select and demonstrate measurements on the selected approach. The appliqu� will use polymer filled with small diameter magnetoelastic fibers, with the readout made with either a microwave scanning system based on reconstruction of the stress sensitive dielectric profile or an inductive coupled detector, using the fibers formed into small loops. The Phase 1 will select the most promising of these two advanced readout techniques and also do preliminary experiments, primarily on fill of the magnetic fiber and required stiffness of the appliqu� so it can detect and remember the damage.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SW, Suite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 769-8400 Dr. Adam Goff AF 07-121 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	Nanocomposite for Electrically Conductive Structural Adhesives and Bolt Hole Fillers
Abstract:	Existing electrically-conductive structural adhesives utilize large amounts of silver particles to achieve their desired electrical properties. There unfortunately exists a limit as to how much an adhesive's electrical properties can be enhanced using this approach due to mechanical property degradation past a certain loading of the electrically-enhancing phase. It is therefore difficult to achieve both significantly enhanced electrical and mechanical properties in one adhesive system that cures within the desired time. Luna Innovations proposes to achieve this required electrical conductivity with enhanced mechanical properties (adhesive strength) through the unique dispersion of novel functionalized carbon nanotubes. Luna's approach is to use commercial off the shelf (COTS) epoxy adhesive/filler systems that are currently in use with the Air Force and disperse unique inorganically-modified carbon nanotubes within them using existing COTS dispersing aids. Promising systems will be characterized both electrically and mechanically.

MATERIALS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, LLC 1321 Research Park Drive Beavercreek, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 320-4640 Dr. Chyi-Shan Wang AF 07-121 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Nanocomposites for Electrically Conductive Structural Adhesives and Bolt Hole Fillers
Abstract:	This Phase I program will use metallized carbon nanofibers to develop a class of electrically conductive structural adhesives and bolt hole fillers to improve the electrical and thermal transport properties of organic matrix composite structures. Metallized carbon nanofibers have the beneficial large aspect ratio of the carbon nanofiber and high electrical conductivity of the metal. They can confer significant electrical conductivity to polymer resins at moderate concentrations. In Phase I, MRI will produce silver- and copper-metallized carbon nanofibers of varying metal compositions. The metallized carbon nanofibers will be integrated with structural adhesive resins to formulate the electrically conductive structural adhesives and bolt hole fillers. An initial screening test will be employed to identify the most promising candidate materials. More elaborate electrical, thermal, mechanical, and lightning strike characterizations will be carried out on samples of selected candidate materials to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technology.

METSS CORP. 300 Westdale Avenue Westerville, OH 43082
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 797-2200 Dr. Donald Bigg AF 07-122 Awarded: 17MAY07
Title:	Flexible Conductive Caulking Material
Abstract:	METSS proposes to develop a conductive caulking material that operates between -65�F and 250�F. The unique aspect of the proposed development will be the resistance to corrosion of the conductive filler and underlying bonded substrate. This corrosion resistant electrically conductive sealant will also resist exposure to common organic aircraft fluids and provide appropriate bonding to both aluminum and carbon-epoxy composite surfaces. METSS intends to impart corrosion resistance by the addition of selected additives that protect the sealant base from degradation caused by the presence of a metal filler, contact with a metal substrate, and contact with the salts in seawater. In prior programs, METSS has shown that this approach prevents deterioration of the conductive polymer integrity and prevents corrosion from developing in a conductive elastomer and adhering aluminum substrates. These protective additives are used in synergistic combinations and their exact nature and relative concentrations depend on the sealant base polymer and specific filler used as the conductor. Based on its previous work METSS has narrowed the selection process for the target sealants to a few materials.

NANOSONIC, INC. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 Dr. JH Lalli AF 07-122 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Highly Elastomeric Metal RubberT Sealants with Superb Electromagnetic Integrity
Abstract:	NanoSonic has developed Metal RubberT, a revolutionary nanocomposite with bulk resistivity (up to 2 x 10-5 ∙cm) that can be repeatedly strained and maintain electromagnetic integrity. Unlike typical nanocomposites that require 20-80 volume % filler (Ag flake) or 1-5 volume % for carbon nanotubes; NanoSonic uses novel processing methods to achieve electrical percolation with <0.01 volume % of non-corrosive Au or Ag nanoparticles. Lightweight (0.98g/cc) Metal RubberT may be used as electromagnetic shielding sealants for the outer mold line of aircraft, soldering and durable lightning strike protective materials. The nanostructured yet macroscale materials are available up to 48" squares. Metal RubberT is not a conducting polymer or a sputter coated polymer film, rather a free standing nanocomposite formed by chemically reacting monolayers of nanosized components with advanced copolymers. Extremely durable materials result; provide maximum adhesion and EM shielding over a wide dynamic thermomechanical environment (> 1000 % strain, up to 450 �C, and after swelling for 7 days in harsh solvents). The proposed nanocomposites have demonstrated shielding effectiveness up to 70 dB measured from 250MHz to 18GHz. NanoSonic would work with Northrop Grumman on performance metrics, materials property evaluation for possible integration on aircraft such as the F-35 and N-UCAS.

MATERIALS & ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) CORP. 7960 S. Kolb Rd. Tucson, AZ 85706
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 574-1980 Dr. James C. Withers AF 07-123 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Improved Material Fabric Systems for Construction of Advanced Life Rafts
Abstract:	Novel textile construction for inflatable components with exceptional puncture, cut, tear and abrasion resistance with high strength, light weight and low bulk for small volume storage which are inflatable and can be manufactured at low cost are enabling for a variety of defense applications. The goal is a significant improvement over state-of-the-art inflatable textiles that also eliminates cracking on exposure to hot dry environments for the fabrication of advanced life rafts. Hybrid multilayer composite textiles for space applications already meet many of the requirements defined for defense inflatable applications such as strength, puncture resistance, and absence of cracking under hot and dry environments. Modification of the hybrid multilayer composite textile developed for space applications to enhance robustness can readily meet defined requirements for fabricating seamed advanced life rafts at considerable weight savings. The advanced state of development of the hybrid multilayer composite textile permits conformation testing to demonstrate meeting requirements that provides the capability to also fabricate demonstration prototype inflatables during Phase I.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Mr. Apoorva Shah AF 07-123 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Advanced Life Raft Fabrics (1001-050)
Abstract:	Triton Systems Inc proposes to develop new life raft fabric materials which is composed of nanoparticle filled outer coating layers laminated to a core fabric. The nanoparticle filled coating layers will provide improved abrasion and puncture resistance while providing exceptional gas barrier properties, while the strength will be provided by the nylon fabric. This technology, together with innovative seaming techniques is expected to yield a lighter weight life raft with improved durability and operational characteristics in hot/dry environments.

INORGANIC SPECIALISTS P.O. Box 181, 720 Mound Ave. Miamisburg, OH 45343
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 865-4491 Dr. David Firsich AF 07-124 Awarded: 16MAY07
Title:	Carbon Nanofiber Paper Composites for Lightning Strike Protection
Abstract:	The military's interest in replacing current lightning strike protection materials stems from a desire to reduce weight and cost, improve ease-of-repair, facilitate lay-up on contoured surfaces, and add the mechanical and shielding benefits of nanocomposites. We describe how this can be addressed with a type of carbon nanofiber paper that incorporates a limited content of nickel nanostrands. The two materials exist as an intertwined porous network within the paper, and this network can be infused with polymer as part of a layered composite structure. The key to achieving high conductivity in this system is a low-temperature sintering that connects the nickel nanostrands within the paper while leaving the overall paper flexible. The proposed effort will create large sheets of highly conductive nanofiber paper, and then use them to prepare composite panels that will tested for their lightning strike behavior. This is a collaboration between the nanofiber papermaker and a University of South Alabama research group with an extensive program in nanocomposites. The University organization has direct experience in converting nanofiber papers into nanocomposite panels, and they can provide mechanical, structural, and electrical characterization as well.

NANOTECHLABS, INC. 409 W. Maple St. Yadkinville, NC 27055
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(336) 849-7474 Dr. Richard Czerw AF 07-124 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	High Conductivity Nanoscale Modification for Electrically Conductive Organic Matrix Composites
Abstract:	Traditionally, conductive paths in composite structures to mitigate the effects of lightning strikes have been established by bonding aluminum or copper mesh to the structure either as the outside ply or embedded one ply down or incorporating strands of conductive material into the laminate. For external surface protection, a number of metal and metallized fiber products have been developed, typically woven and nonwoven screens and expanded foils. These materials add weight, can corrode, and are difficult to repair. In this Phase I, NanoTechLabs will incorporate highly conducting carbon nanotube buckypapers into composite laminates for lightning strike protection. Buckypapers will save more than half the weight and are immune to corrosion.

BERKELEY MATERIALS RESEARCH 431 Linda Avenue Piedmont, CA 94611
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 593-1196 Dr. T. Calvin Tszeng AF 07-125 Awarded: 02MAY07
Title:	Physics-Based Shock Spallation Prediction Tool for Laser Shock Processing
Abstract:	Fatigue life of aerospace components is greatly enhanced by planting compressive residual stresses or favorable microstructure in the shallow surface by various processing techniques, including laser shock peening (LSP). In some situations, there are shock-induced defects in the subsurface and other area in the component; spallation can occur in severe cases, particularly in think sections. These defects are very undesirable from the standpoint of structural integrity as they defeat the purpose of using LSP in enhancing fatigue resistance. Unfortunately, existing studies and models on the nature of these defects are very limited in predicting their formation and the eventual spallation. There are strong needs to circumvent the appearance of defects in a LSP processed components. The goal of the present SBIR project is to fulfill these critical needs by developing such physics-based computational tool capable of predicting the defect formation in LSP processed components, thereby significantly reducing the efforts required to develop a new LSP applications. The centerpieces of the tool include a FDM and FEM models for dynamic stress prediction and a defect growth model that accounts for the loading history in a LSP process.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 255-6232 Dr. You-Hai Wen AF 07-125 Awarded: 24MAY07
Title:	A Physics-based Model for the Prediction of Laser Shock-Induced Spallation
Abstract:	In this SBIR phase-I proposal, a physics-based modeling approach is proposed to predict the spallation in Ti-6Al-4V coupons induced by laser shock peening (LSP). Although LSP can dramatically improve the fatigue strength, life and resistance to crack propagation in materials and parts, small subsurface flaws due to spallation can be induced in certain conditions, which are considered extremely undesirable and may affect the full functionality of the particular component. No physics-based approach is available today for the robust prediction of LSP-induced material failure. Motivated by this knowledge gap, we propose to 1) establish a physics-based model for the shock pressure generated by LSP and 2) develop a nonlinear damage-based constitutive material model that is capable of describing the key physics associated with LSP spallation. By incorporating the models into the commercial nonlinear finite element code (ABAQUS), extensive parametric study will be performed on processing parameters (pulse input energy, pressure, spot size, duration) and coupon configurations (size, shape, boundary conditions) implementation includes modeling of the LSP-induced shock pressure. The results obtained will be correlated to the experimental data to establish a comprehensive understanding of the relationship among the process parameters, stress evolution, and material failures.

LSP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 6145 Scherers Place Dublin, OH 43016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 718-3000 Dr. David W. Sokol AF 07-126 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Develop a Tool to Measure Bonded Joint Strength for Primary Load Bearing Aircraft Structures
Abstract:	To reduce weight and improve fuel efficiency, composites are being adhesively bonded into integral structural elements of aircraft at an accelerating rate. Once a bonded structure is assembled, there is no conventional NDI method available to assure that bond strength is adequate for service. The presence of weak regions in bonds can lead to disastrous failure of the structure under flight loads. Laser Bond Inspection (LBI) offers a practical solution to locating weak regions in laminate-adhesive bonds in aircraft structures. It is a local proof-testing method that applies a well-controlled dynamic stress to the composite structure, and senses the failure of weak adhesive bonds in response to the stress. The controlled stressing of the composite material has no effect on the material or bond if it is not damaged, defective, or substandard. In order for LBI to be widely applicable, however, advanced technology needs to be developed to inspect thick multilayer composite structures (0.5-1.0 inch thick), bonded structure with non-parallel surfaces (e.g., tapered flange to skin composite), and mixed material joints (e.g., metal-to-composite). The innovative aspect of the proposed SBIR Phase I program is to perform key experiments to demonstrate new LBI technical approaches to these difficult inspection problems.

SONIPULSE, INC. 4919 WINDPLAY DR, SUITE 1 EL DORADO HILLS, CA 95762
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(916) 941-7600 Mr. Robert Cribbs AF 07-126 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Develop a Tool to Measure Bonded Joint Strength for Primary Load Bearing Aircraft Structures
Abstract:	This is a proposal to develop the technology to detect "kissing bonds" (adhesion bonds that are not broken but are well below design strength). The approach is to use a novel ultrasonic transducer that is capable of generating pulse amplitudes that produce strains just below the required bond strength. If the bond survives the pulse it is considered good. Previous work has shown the feasibility of this approach. The new approach sends an extended signal from a piezoelectric into a "broadband resonator". By selecting the correct input signal all frequency components arrive at the output in phase at some later time to produce a pulse of the required amplitude to break kissing bonds. A portable, battery powered system could be developed to handle a wide range of material thickness with hand-held transducers spanning a broad range of center frequencies. The experimental plan is to fabricate specimens containing bonds of various strengths, subject the bonds to pulses just below the bond strength, note any failures, and then test the strength of any intact specimens with destructive tests.

PICOMETRIX LLC 2925 Boardwalk Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 864-5639 Dr. David Zimdars AF 07-127 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Health Management of High Temperature Polymer Composites
Abstract:	We propose to investigate the feasibility of using time domain terahertz (THz or T-Ray) imaging to detect and map aging of high temperature polymer matrix composites (HTPMCs) used in advanced aerospace structural systems. We will experimentally demonstrate the ability of T-Ray measurement and imaging to provide rapid, quantitative, non-contact measurements of aging behavior in neat resin specimens. This recognition ability will be further detailed into the separate measurements possible with a single T-Ray image: porosity, cracking, densification, spectroscopy, and layer determination. We will describe the accuracy of each of these measurements, and specify the critical design parameters for a lightweight, field usable instrument for composite aging characterization, based on Picometrix' commercialized fiber optic driven T-Ray non-destructive evaluation systems and components.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. John Lock AF 07-127 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Embedded Optical Sensor for the Health Monitoring of High-Temperature Composites(1001-036)
Abstract:	Triton Systems, Inc., is responding to the need of the Air Force to develop a service life monitoring system for high-temperature polymer matrix composites (HTPMCs) used in jet engine and exhaust wash structural applications. Triton will develop a high-temperature sensor to measure oxidation and signal composite degradation. We will validate the sensor performance with accelerated aging tests of HTPMC samples incorporating the technology.

APPLIED SCIENCES, INC. 141 W. Xenia Ave., PO Box 579 Cedarville, OH 45314
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 766-2020 Mr. David J. Burton AF 07-128 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Lightweight, Low-cost Insulation Materials for Hypersonic Vehicles
Abstract:	Future hypersonic vehicles are being designed to travel at speeds approaching Mach 25. At these speeds, the temperature at the exterior surface is expected to exceed 3000�F. Advanced materials are needed to thermally protect the munitions in the interior of the vehicle as current materials are too dense, difficult to join, too conductive, non-structural, too expensive, or not rated for these temperatures. New insulating materials that build upon current efforts at GrafTech International, LLC to develop graphite foams and work at NASA Glenn Research Center to develop aerogels are proposed, in conjunction with nanomaterials from Applied Sciences, to meet the Air Force targets for density, service temperature, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and cost. The new insulating material will be designed to provide structural support to the aeroshell. Also proposed is an innovative joining technology based on in situ polymerization of wetting monomers, a recently developed low-cost process capable joining carbon based materials, to address thermal and structural issues at the insulation / aeroshell interface.

ULTRAMET 12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 899-0236 Mr. Victor M. Arrieta AF 07-128 Awarded: 02MAY07
Title:	Advanced Foam Core Composite Insulation for Extended Range Hypersonic Vehicles
Abstract:	Hypersonic flight requires the development of insulating materials with a combination of thermal conductivity, density, and structural integrity that is beyond the capability of materials currently in use. In previous thermal protection system work for DoD and NASA, Ultramet developed a highly insulating and lightweight material by combining an open-cell foam skeleton with an ultralow-density aerogel filler material. The foam serves as an easily machinable structural reinforcement for the low-strength aerogel insulator and defines the shape of the component. The combined density of the foam/aerogel composite insulator is <0.07 g/cm3 (4.4 lb/ft3); processing is economical and is readily scalable to 2 x 2 x 12" thick flat and curved shapes. The material has a thermal conductivity of only 0.25 W/m.K at 2000�F and 0.8 W/m.K at 3600�F, and has demonstrated the ability to maintain large thermal gradients for extended periods. Equally as important for hypersonic vehicle applications, the foam/aerogel insulator has a use temperature approaching 4000�F, nearly 1000�F greater than conventional oxide-based insulators. The previous work has focused on enclosing the insulator within a free-standing structural shell. The potential exists to increase the strength and stiffness of the foam reinforcement such that it can be integrated with a carbon-based aeroshell, creating a load-bearing sandwich structure, while still maintaining acceptable density and thermal conductivity. In this project, Ultramet will team with Materials Research & Design (MR&D) for thermal-mechanical modeling and attachment design methodologies, and Ocellus for aerogel insulation processing, to develop and demonstrate a sandwich panel core insulator.

MIKRO SYSTEMS, INC. 770 Harris Street, Suite 104 Charlottesville, VA 22903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 244-6480 Mr. William Randolph AF 07-129 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Manufacturing Process Development of High-Performance Treated Honeycomb Core for Radar Absorbing Application
Abstract:	Current methods for manufacturing treated honeycomb core involve flow coat and dip processing of honeycomb core blocks. These processes yield low-performance parts due to limited capability to control process parameters and tolerances. Moreover, these processes limit the opportunity to incorporate edges with desirable radar-absorbing characteristics. Mikro Systems, Inc. (MSI) proposes to adapt its patented Tomo Lithographic Molding (TLMT) process to the manufacture of super-lightweight, intrinsically radar-absorbing, isogrid cores that will enhance system survivability, flexibility, and affordability. TLMT is derived from established, photo-lithographic technology; it is very accurate and highly repeatable (low variation). Each cell of an isogrid core sheet can be a unique architecture combining polymer matrix composite materials and secondary geometric features; e.g., chines and corrugations. Collectively, these cells can be arrayed in a global architecture that optimizes strength-to-weight ratio while creating a multi-frequency (including sub millimeter), electromagnetic camouflage scheme. This Phase I SBIR project will design, fabricate, and test materials systems, hardware elements, and a Technology Demonstration Article ( 2' x 4' x �" sandwich panel ) that will evidence Mikro Systems' capability to scale-up and control all desired performance attributes. MSI cores composed of conventional ("non-stealthy") materials and simple isogrid geometry have "dual-use" application in commercial products.

PATZ MATERIALS & TECHNOLOGIES 4968 Industrial Way Benicia, CA 94510
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(707) 748-7577 Mr. Nicholas Patz AF 07-129 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Manufacturing Process Development of High-Performance Treated Honeycomb Core for Radar Absorbing Application
Abstract:	Patz Materials and Technologies proposes to develop a new manufacturing method to fabricate treated core by a modification of their existing production process. Their unique process consisting of dispersing a conductive particulate into a resin system, impregnating that resin system into a reinforcement and then corrugating that reinforcement into a cellular core to create a multifunctional composite core. This is core specifically designed to increase survivability while decreasing weight in airborne platforms. The end result will be a production methodology in which the radar-absorbing characteristics of the cellular core material will be predetermined and controlled before the fabrication of the core. This production methodology will yield consistent core properties and can utilize new materials in orientations unachievable through the standard dip or flow coat processes.

AKRON POLYMER SYSTEMS, INC. 2990 Gilchrist Road, Suite 2100 Akron, OH 44305
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(330) 794-6359 Dr. Dong Zhang AF 07-130 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Develop High-Temperature, Low-Humidity Aromatic Hydrocarbon-based H2/O2 Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
Abstract:	The development of proton exchange membrane (PEM)(also known as polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cells has been limited by the availability of suitable membrane materials. In order to achieve acceptable performance at low cost, such fuel cells are required to work at elevated temperature and low (near 0) relative humidity (RH) for extended periods of time. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy has established performance guidelines for PEMs for automotive applications, which include a proton conductivity of 100 ms/cm under operating conditions of 120 C and 50 % RH. To date, no commercial PEMs or publicly reported PEMs can meet these performance requirements. In this proposal, general guidelines for the design of polymers for PEMs that can perform under even more stringent conditions have been established and used in the design of several series of polymers. A key feature of these systems is the use of proton carriers other than water. Another unique feature of a series of sulfonated polymers is their designed resistance to desulfonation at elevated temperatures. In Phase I, several of these new polymers will be prepared and evaluated. The overall goal of this work will be to identify one or two promising candidates for extensive study and eventual commercialization.

DAYCHEM LABORATORIES, INC. 970 Industrial Park Drive Vandalia, OH 45377
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 264-1000 Mr. Ram Sharma AF 07-130 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Develop High-Temperature, Low-Humidity Aromatic Hydrocarbon-based H2/O2 Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
Abstract:	Development of efficient fuel cells technology, especially based on H2/O2 fuel cells as an alternative energy/power source, has assumed a sense of global significance. From the viewpoint of minimizing water management issues and to provide for fuel cells with a simplified design, high durability and reduced costs, there is an ever-growing demand for a new generation of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) that can operate successfully at temperatures > 120�C and at low relative humidity (< 25 %), ideally requiring no external humidification. During Phase I, this proposal aims at generating a novel class of PEMs, especially based on sulfonated polybenzimidazoles (SPBIs), with flexible linkages in the backbone. The premise is that, in contrast to the PEMs based on a relatively rigid heterocyclic polymer backbone, the flexible thermoplastic benzimidazole polymer backbone can facilitate the sequestration of the proton conducting domains more effectively, potentially increasing the proton conductivity to 50-100 mS/cm at high temperatures and at low relative humidity. Nanostructuring via the formation of PEM composites, incorporating ionic liquids and organically modified nanoclays in SPBIs, will also be explored in Phase I, from the viewpoint of enhanced hydrophilicity and proton conductivity of the PEMs.

ALTEX TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 244 Sobrante Way Sunnyvale, CA 94086
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 328-8302 Dr. John T. Kelly AF 07-131 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Compact and Reliable Burner that Operates on Military Logistic Fuels
Abstract:	Compact burners, capable of using a range of logistics fuels, are needed in support of fuel cell reformer systems. High efficiency, rapid startup and long term reliability are key criteria. Current spray burner and other designs have difficulty in meeting these objectives as a result of heat driven fuel transformations that clog small passages and cause flame instability, and even burner shutdown. Altex has identified the Compact and Reliable Burner that can address heat capacity needs from 0.5 to 15 kW, without the degradation problems associated with conventional burners. Preliminary tests have shown the potential of the concept. Under the proposed effort, the innovative burner technology will be adapted to the Air Force application of interest, and feasibility will be proven through analysis and tests on several military fuels, including JP-8. Lastly, the performance and cost benefits of the concept will be quantified and the advantages of the concept over alternatives will be determined.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Darin A. Knaus AF 07-131 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Microburner for Deployed Energy Systems
Abstract:	Compact, efficient, and sustainable electric power generators are needed to provide mobile electric power for deployable military bases. Fuel cells with fuel processors that run on logistic fuel are attractive candidates due to inherent efficiency, practicality, sustainability, and safety. In these low-power devices (0.5 kW to 15 kW), fuel atomization and evaporation prove to be limiting factors for heavy liquid fuels such as JP-8. To replace volatile fuels such as propane or gasoline in these small-scale applications, improved atomization and vaporization techniques for heavy liquid fuels are needed. In Phase I, Creare will demonstrate a novel, low-power, robust, fuel atomization technique capable of producing droplets with 10 �m mean diameter at a fuel flow rate appropriate for burners in the 0.5 kW to 15 kW class. We will demonstrate operation with a variety of fuels including JP-8, biodiesel and ethanol. We will characterize output (equivalent thermal power) capability, turndown, and aerosol size via laser diffraction PSD measurement. We will integrate the atomizer in a burner configuration to demonstrate combustion. In Phase II, we will optimize the atomizer/burner design and integrate it with a reforming technology to produce syngas suitable for a deployable fuel cell application.

CALDERA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 3491 Trinity Drive, Suite B Los Alamos, NM 87544
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 661-2420 Dr. Eva Birnbaum AF 07-132 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Generation of Peptide-Based Ligands for Chemical and Biological Agent Identification
Abstract:	Caldera will use its R&D 100 award-winning Reagentless Pharmacoproteomic Measurement (RPM) technology to develop chemical/biological (C/B) agent taggants for incorporation into a portable read-out device. RPM technology was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory and licensed to Caldera. We propose: (1) to generate selective peptide-based capture agent molecules which form highly specific complexes with C/B agents, thereby eliminating the false positive problems that plague current sensors, (2) to develop the ability to "report" binding events, and (3) to produce a prototype sensor device. RPM offers direct chemical measurement of analyte-ligand binding affinity and analyte-ligand selectivity. Caldera will incorporate reporter functional groups into these ligands, to provide for optical reading of C/B agent presence and concentration. We offer a highly novel approach for the generation of non-antibody, peptide-based capture agents, performed by a team with proven expertise in developing label-free reporter methodologies and C/B sensors. RPM technology is extremely rapid and adaptable, which are both attributes necessary due the ever-changing threat situation.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-6900 Dr. Melanie M. Tomczak AF 07-132 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Generation of Protein- and Aptamer-Based Ligands for Chemical and Biological Agent Identification
Abstract:	Detection of chemical and biological warfare agents in a real-world setting is an increasingly urgent problem. Many of the current state-of-the-art sensors are aqueous based and require large biomolecules, such as antibodies, to achieve binding of the target molecule and subsequent reporting of the binding event. Antibodies and other large biomolecules are labile under ambient conditions over time due to aggregation, which renders them inactive. This instability is a drawback when considering deployment of these technologies to a battlefield situation. Here, we propose a sensor that is based on short peptide and nucleic acid sequences that act as ligands for the target(s) of interest. Due to their small size, these ligands are not susceptible to conformational instability and the sensors should have a long lifetime even when deployed. Additionally, we propose a "dry" signal transduction mechanism that only requires the binding of the target of interest in order to relay that event. No washing or blocking steps are required. After deployment, the sensor on which the binding takes place can be interrogated, either locally or remotely, by a reader to determine if the target of interest has bound.

KONARKA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 116 John St, Suite #12 Lowell, MA 01852
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 569-1410 Dr. Russell Gaudiana AF 07-133 Awarded: 25MAY07
Title:	Organic Photovoltaics--Flexible Light Weight Multi-junction Cells Based on Polymer/fullerene Active Layers
Abstract:	During the initial stages of Phase I of the Air Force program, Konarka Technologies will formulate solutions for all of the layers that comprise a single junction cell, and we will sequentially coat these layers on top of one another using the roll-to-roll, process development coating machine. The purpose of these experiments is to prevent de-wetting and large scale intermixing of the layers during coating. In addition, the area occupied by the active layer will be increased and that of the in-active, interconnect and edge seal area will be decreased. In the final stage of the program, all of these results and information will be used to produce modules comprising multi-junction cells. The efficiency of these modules is expected to be at least 6%.

NSCRYPT, INC. 2100 N Alafaya Trail, Suite 200 Orlando, FL 32826
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 275-4727 Dr. Kenneth H. Church AF 07-133 Awarded: 24MAY07
Title:	Low Cost Nanoparticles/Organic Hybrid Photovoltaic Cells
Abstract:	The proposed Phase I project is focused on the development of the novel low cost efficient nanoparticles/organic hybrid photovoltaic cells using the direct write method. New polymers and combinations of dye and polymer materials will be explored. The device will convert light in a wide spectral range to electricity. Nanoparticles/organic hybrid photovoltaic cells are thin, lightweight, flat and relatively inexpensive to produce in large quantities. The use of direct write technology is an elegant alternative to traditional fabrication methods of semiconductor electronics such as photolithography, vacuum deposition techniques, masking, high processing temperatures, etc. This project will develop an efficient, inexpensive and reliable method of manufacturing novel nanoparticles/organic hybrid photovoltaic cells capable of stable and extended service under a wide range of environmental conditions.

BERRIEHILL RESEARCH CORP. 240 W. Elmwood Dr. , Ste. 1001 Dayton, OH 45459
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 435-1016 Dr. Jeffery A. Berrie AF 07-134 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Improved Radio Frequency (RF) Polymer Substrates for Antennas
Abstract:	In this SBIR proposal, BerrieHill Research Corporation working with the ElectroScience Laboratory and the MicroMD Facility at The Ohio State University shall identify and develop novel magnetic RF polymers that have relatively high permittivity and permeability while exhibiting low loss at frequencies above 1 GHz, yielding proof of principle data to substantiate the potential of these materials to yield large area films or structures (15 by 15 inch minimum) that are suitable for use as antenna substrates and superstrates. Emphasis shall be placed on two key technologies. The first involves recent advances in hexaferrite magnetic materials, and the second involves recent advances to systematically arrange, three-dimensionally, material inclusions in a polymer matrix. Newly developed high permeability, low-loss hexaferrites shall be obtained and state-of-the-art 3-D fabrication methods shall be used to form magnetic RF polymers that are superior to conventional antenna fabrication materials (e.g. Duroid, Teflon, etc.). This team shall provide an integrated effort in the development, testing, and application of these new materials for specific uses in microwave devices, with fabrication of a spiral antenna to be demonstrated to show the potential for conformal antenna miniaturization.

SPECTRUM MAGNETICS, LLC 318 Mourning Dove Dr. Newark, DE 19711
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(484) 319-7949 Dr. Guixiang Yang AF 07-134 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Improved Radio Frequency (RF) Polymer Substrates for Antennas
Abstract:	Leveraging Spectrum Magnetics' expertise in large scale fabrication of nanomaterials by gas phase aerosol technologies, supported by University of Delaware's leading edge research in magnetodielectric materials with simultaneously large permittivity and permeability in GHz, we propose to fabricate and optimize RF polymers that promise applications in antenna with much improved loss tangent, without sacrificing its benefit in impendence match, bandwidth and miniaturization. Other significant technology applications also exist such as microwave devices, filters, and DC/DC converters that have sizable market shares. Our on-going work confirmed our proposed concept that magnetic materials with low energy loss above 1 GHz must first be developed. Guide by the material physics behind high frequency materials; we choose and modify materials to achieve high magnetization, high resistivity, but work against high demagnetization factor; subsequently embedding the as developed low loss GHz magnetic core in suitable polymers will achieve RF polymers with desirable properties. Our approach will provide a convenient manufacturing route for making RF polymers at a lowered cost. In Phase I, we will demonstrate RF polymers with permittivity and permeability larger than 3 above 1 GHz frequencies with loss tangent less than 5x10-3.

TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT CO., INC. 2500 Louisiana NE, Suite 300 Albuquerque, NM 87110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 412-3598 Dr. Vivek R. Dave AF 07-135 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Weld Repair of Titanium Alloys for Turbine Engine Applications
Abstract:	IBRs represent a great advance for military aero-engine performance. However increased performance has its price: high manufacturing costs and difficulty with in-service repair. Linear friction welding (LFW) and/or high speed machining have reduced manufacturing costs, but service repairs are still significant cost and technical challenges. Current technologies under development include LFW, laser processing, and electron beam processing. These methods can produce metallurgically acceptable welds but are very costly, complex, and not generally compatible with cellular operations. This proposal involves gas metal arc welding - GMAW -with two important innovations: modern adaptively controlled power supplies and a novel in-process quality assurance (IPQA) method that stabilizes the GMAW welding of titanium enabling superior weld properties, minimal spatter/porosity, and control of fusion zone geometry. This advanced GMAW for Titanium is currently being implemented by us for US Army static structural applications, and therefore initial risk reduction work is already in progress. Furthermore, we have successfully applied this method to high rate GMAW processes in aluminum alloys virtually eliminating porosity and spatter. The successful development of this technology for Ti-IBR weld repair would decrease weld repair costs by an order of magnitude, thereby realizing a truly cost-effective IBR repair allowing wider use of this technology.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Mr. Thomas McDonald AF 07-135 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Laser Powder Deposition Repair of IBRs/Blisks(1001-020)
Abstract:	Triton Systems, Inc (TSI) proposes the use of laser powder-deposition (also known as LAM and LENST) to repair aircraft engine blisks and integrally bladed rotors (IBRs). For repair materials TSI proposes the use of original materials of manufacture (Ti-64 or Ti-6242), as well as alternate engineered MMC hybrid materials. In addition to determining the feasibility of fatigue life improvements resulting from the use of these two repair process elements, both of which have previously demonstrated superior performance in similar applications, it is proposed that the repair test matrix also include the evaluation of the use of surface treatment in the repair areas to enhance fatigue life. Surface treatments have demonstrated significant improvement in the fatigue life of aircraft engine components that are subject to high cycle loading. It is believed that each of the three proposed elements has the potential to individually demonstrate improvements over current repair methods, and if used in combination could increase blisk repair life to an even higher level. Considering the individual performance of each of the proposed repair process elements in other similar applications, the life of a repaired blisk could conceivably be greater than the original (as manufactured) life.

MATERIALS RESEARCH & DESIGN 300 E. Swedesford Rd Wayne, PA 19087
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(610) 964-6130 Mr. Kent W. Buesking AF 07-136 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Low Cost Fabrication of Carbon-Carbon (C-C) Aeroshells for Hypersonic Vehicles
Abstract:	Future Air Force hypersonic vehicles will employ complex shapes and fly extended maneuvering trajectories. Since the flight times may increase by an order of magnitude or more, existing ablative thermal protection systems will not be practical due to their excessive surface recession and high density. The future Air Force vehicles will employ wave rider shaped carbon-carbon aeroshells over multiple insulating layers to protect the payload. The present manufacturing method employed for these aeroshells is hand lay-up of two-dimensional fabric in which substructures are tediously formed and debulked to create a carbon/phenolic precursor aeroshell. Even with this time-consuming process, the aeroshell often delaminates during carbonization so the part must be scrapped. This leads to an expensive, trial and error process to develop an acceptable carbon-carbon part. In order for carbon-carbon aeroshells to serve as a practical component for future hypersonic vehicles, it is necessary to develop less expensive fabrication methods, and more reliable, well understood processing techniques. One attractive fabrication method uses a tape-wrapping technique in which a bias-ply C/Ph tape is wrapped over a mandrel, cured, carbonized, and graphitized to form a carbon-carbon aeroshell. Tape-wrapping has been recently applied successfully to the development of erosion-resistant carbon-carbon exit cones. A second attractive fabrication technique is to replace the flat 2D lay-ups with an involute, or rosette construction. The involute plies spiral from the inner to outer diameter of the carbon-carbon part providing through-thickness reinforcement to reduce the potential for delaminations. Involute technology was used throughout the 1980s and 1990s to build carbon-carbon exit cones for Air Force missile systems such as the Peacekeeper. Furthermore, processing techniques can also be improved significantly using models that address pore pressures and shrinkage stresses during carbonization. These processing models have been applied successfully to the recent fabrication of carbon-carbon exit cones. The goal of the proposed program is to demonstrate low cost fabrication methods for carbon-carbon aeroshells that are based upon well understood, physics-based processing models. The specific objectives include definition of a representative aeroshell, development of a processing model, optimization of an involute ply pattern, design of an aeroshell subcomponent, and fabrication of two or more carbon-carbon aeroshell subcomponents. The proposed Phase I effort will be performed by a team of Materials Research & Design (MR&D), ATK Launch Systems, and Mr. H.O. Davis. MR&D will develop the process model, define the involute ply pattern, and design the subcomponents. ATK will fabricate the subscale carbon-carbon aeroshells, and Mr. H.O. Davis will guide the process modeling and involute design. This team offers a state of the art skill set, which is uniquely suited to the Phase I program.

OCELLUS, INC. 450 Lindbergh Avenue Livermore, CA 94551
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(916) 955-6646 Scott C. Brown AF 07-136 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Low Cost Fabrication of Carbon-Carbon (C-C) Aeroshells for Hypersonic Weapon Systems
Abstract:	In future conflicts, it is projected that there will be a need for new weapon types that can strike targets around the globe within minutes. The development of hypersonic vehicles is one response to this need. Future requirements for hypersonic vehicles demand advanced thermal and structural materials. Significant effort has been invested in developing an array of composite materials for use in aircraft, spacecraft, and hypersonic vehicles. For high temperature applications like hypersonic vehicles, carbon-carbon is a composite material of choice. Although, the origins of carbon-carbon composites can be traced back to the 1960's, many critical problem areas still exist which have limited their application. Many of these problems can be traced to manufacturing process-induced defects and failures. Despite clear advantage in physical properties, a robust, low-cost manufacturing approach will be required to enable the use of carbon-carbon composite structures in hypersonic vehicles. To meet this need for reliable, efficient, and cost-effective carbon-carbon manufacturing, we propose the development of a carbon-carbon manufacturing method that relies on the integration of a process environment model that can be used to both predict optimum processing parameters as well as provide real-time control of the process operation.

ADVALUE TECHNOLOGY LLC 3149 S. Chrysler Avenue Tucson, AZ 85713
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 514-1100 Dr. Tao Luo AF 07-137 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	High-Power 2 Micron Fiber Lasers
Abstract:	Thulium doped fiber laser near 2 micron is of great interest because of the potential possibility of combining high efficiency, high output power, and retina safety together. This proposal is for the development of new Tm-doped glass fiber for efficient high power 2�Ym fiber laser capable of generating an output power of up to thousands watts. The doping concentration of the proposed glass fiber can be very high, which will result in the so-called cross relaxation energy transfer of thulium, dramatically improving the quantum efficiency. In Phase I, we will design and develop new Tm3+-doped glasses, measure the spectroscopic properties of thulium ions, characterize the cross relaxation energy transfer, demonstrate quantum efficiency of approximately 200%, fabricate fiber perform and single mode fibers, and demonstrate efficient near 2 micron laser pumped with multi-mode 800nm laser diodes. Successful development of such highly efficient high power 2�Ym Tm3+-doped glass fiber laser with output power of kilowatts level would revolutionize the fiber laser development and enable many new applications.

SPIRE CORP. One Patriots Park Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-6000 Dr. Kurt J. Linden AF 07-137 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	New, Mid-IR Rare Earth Chalcogenide Glass Fiber Laser
Abstract:	This Phase I Small Business Innovative Research project will develop the most promising rare earth-doped chalcogenide glass materials for high-power mid-IR (2-5 um) emission, and demonstrate laser action with samples of cladding-pumped fiber drawn from two candidate materials. There has been and continues to be strong military interest in high power mid-IR lasers for optical countermeasures, ranging, remote sensing, target designation and free space and satellite communications. Cladding pumped fiber lasers are advantageous for high power operation because of their high efficiency and relative immunity from thermal effects. Furthermore, microstructured (photonic lattice) fibers have demonstrated strong potential for power scaling and immunity to fiber bending artifacts, thus enabling continual future development of improved high power, mid-IR fiber lasers. Phase I will develop a double-clad rare earth-doped chalcogenide glass synthesis technique for achieving mid-IR fiber laser operation, and will evaluate sample fiber material batches with two different rare earth-dopant materials for excitation efficiency and photon lifetime. Co-doping for improved electron energy transfer will be investigated. The fibers will be optically pumped to obtain mid-IR fiber laser emission. Phase II will further develop these materials, generate commercial fiber manufacturing processes, and demonstrate fiber materials for commercial and military laser products.

METROLASER, INC. 2572 White Road Irvine, CA 92614
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 553-0688 Dr. Bauke Heeg AF 07-138 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	A Glass-Ceramic Optical Thermal History Sensor for Extreme Environments
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR proposal outlines a plan to evaluate the feasibility of several innovative aspects of a wireless thermal history sensor based on thermally activated crystallization of glass-ceramics. In particular, this proposal is concerned with the analysis and optimization of accuracy, reliability and manufacturability of the sensor array and readout system. The work plan consists of: (1) developing a prototype design for a scanning laser system for interrogation of thermal history sensors; (2) performing an experimental demonstration of several optical sensor interrogation approaches; (3) selection and testing of a promising glass-ceramic; (4) developing a forward devitrification model based on known parameters in order to simulate the sensor performance as a function of time and temperature; (5) developing a model that reconstructs average thermal exposure from a given sensor reading, in order to estimate the optimum accuracy and temperature resolution under typical operating conditions; (6) the outline a Phase II strategy.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Michael A. White AF 07-138 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Thermal History Optical Readout (THOR) System for Condition Based Maintenance
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. proposes a novel and highly robust Thermal History Optical Reader (THOR) system concept capitalizing on mature optical, processing, and software technology developed by PSI and proven in the condition based maintenance field for both DoD and commercial applications. The proposed portable battery operated system will allow the enabling technology for wirelessly recording a fingerprint of the thermal history of an array of glass-ceramic substrates developed by the Air Force to effectively and rapidly enter field evaluations and provide benefits for life prediction and health monitoring of components in extreme environments. Proven optical instrumentation and pattern recognition tools developed at PSI are presented that allow rapid development and demonstration of the THOR concept within the Phase I program.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-4760 Dr. Dan Xiang AF 07-142 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Time-Resolved Acoustic Microscopy for Nondestructive Evaluation of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Optics
Abstract:	Polycrystalline SiC-based materials are being considered for the next generation aerospace mirror structural substrates due to their low density, low thermal expansion coefficient, high strength, and high fracture toughness. Conventional NDE techniques for optical components, which usually involve polarized light birefringence measurements to enable both defect identification and internal stress estimation, can not be applied to the polycrystalline SiC because it is non-transparent. X-ray stress analysis is a standard nondestructive stress-measurement technique, but its use is limited in the sense that only a surface layer is surveyed. Ultrasound has been used to measure stresses through the thickness or on the surface of a sample, because the speed of sound in a solid is altered in the presence of mechanical stress (as often referred to as acoustoelasticity). However, conventional ultrasonic stress measurements suffer from low sensitivity and thus yield limited applications in the field. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation Inc. (IAI) proposes novel time-resolved acoustic microscopy to detect internal trapped stresses as well as defects at the surface and through-the-thickness of polycrystalline SiC-based optics.

TRS CERAMICS, INC. 2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 238-7485 Dr. Xiaoning Jiang AF 07-142 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Advanced NDE for SiC Optics Using Single Crystal Piezoelectric Composite Transducers with Broad Bandwidth and High Sensitivity
Abstract:	TRS is pleased to propose an advanced NDE system for SiC mirror defect and stress measurement using single crystal piezoelectric composite transducers with broad bandwidth and high sensitivity. The broadband HF transducers are expected to contribute to high spatial resolution in both the lateral and axial directions as well as deeper penetration depth in NDE imaging, which will greatly benefit in-situ detection of SiC mirror SD, SSD and trapped internal stress measurements. The goal of this program is to develop a NDE imaging tool for in-situ SiC mirror subsurface damage detection with minimum detectable lateral dimension < 10 microns and minimum detectable axial dimension <100 nm, and with detection depth ranging from sub-micron to > 10 cm. Internal stress measurement using single crystal composite transducers will be studied and compared with the conventional transducers used in LCR stress measurements. In Phase II a high frequency transducer array and LCR stress measurement probe will be integrated for in-situ NDE for SiC optics.

XINETICS, INC. 115 Jackson Rd. Devens, MA 01434
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 772-0352 Ms. Shoko Yoshikawa AF 07-142 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) for Large Silicon Carbide (SiC) Optical Structures
Abstract:	It is increasingly apparent that silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the preferred next-generation mirror-substrate materials for space telescope applications because of its superior material properties and the relative ease with which it can be utilized to fabricate lightweight structures. However, to take full advantage of these attractive SiC characteristics, there is a need for a rapid method of non-destructive evaluation or testing (NDE or NDT) to verify the integrity of the completed mirrors. Xinetics proposes a collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory to develop NDE methodology applicable to large SiC optical structures for the characterization of surface/sub-surface defects, internal defects, and internal stress. Sample SiC structures will be carefully fabricated with well-controlled defects or stresses, Laser Back Scatter and Phase Array Ultrasound will be used to examine the samples for defects, and Laser-Generated Ultrasound, employing Rayleigh and Lamb waves, will be used to measure the internal stresses of the samples.

PROPULSION RESEARCH, INC. 651 Southview Court, Unit H Culpeper, VA 22701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 644-2316 Mr. Carl W. Anderson AF 07-150 Awarded: 01JUN07
Title:	Multi-Pulse Adaptive Thrust Control Solid Rocket Motor Technology
Abstract:	This proposal outlines a Phase I program to define and develop a multi-pulse solid rocket motor (SRM) with enhanced performance capability and minimum 15:1 thrust turndown on command that will provide total thrust management capability for future Air Force tactical missile applications. The program will focus on demonstrating multi-pulse capability while maintaining high delivered motor performance. The primary approach will use a new type of pintle nozzle system that shows promise in vastly reducing the low thrust coefficient efficiency that is characteristic of sonic pintle nozzle systems. Other performance improvements will include the addition of multi-pulse ignition capability into the pintle controller software and the design and development of multi-pulse ignition system hardware capable of conventional safe/arm hardware. The adaptive control techniques will interface with the variable area pintle nozzle system to provide closed loop control capability with the built in intelligence necessary to provide "on-demand" thrust control to the missile. PRI will use its "smart-thrust" adaptive control technology to achieve optimal control during the ignition transient phase as well as all other areas of motor operation. Multiple static tests will be conducted during Phase II to validate the delivered performance of the SRM's in multi-pulse mode using class 1.3, IM, minimum smoke, high performance propellants. Consensus will be sought between the sponsor, prime missile contractor, SRM manufacturer, and PRI to arrive at the test objectives to be demonstrated that will best benefit future Air Force tactical missile systems.

VALLEY TECH SYSTEMS 221 S. Cloverdale Blvd Suite #B5 Cloverdale, CA 95425
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(916) 996-9220 Mr. Michael Oberth AF 07-150 Awarded: 01JUN07
Title:	Dual Pulse Motor advanced bulkhead
Abstract:	Advanced future missions have specified pulse motor requirements to include initial boost thrust, a variable coast time up to 120 sec, and a second boost "end game" thrust. The industry has been successful in demonstrating dual pulse systems with limited interpulse coasting, typcally < 50 sec, using a soft barrier pulse technology. The long interpulse coast, however, has historically been the "Achilles heel" using the a soft barrier pulse techniques where unreliable pre-mature second pulse ignitions have occureed. To successfully meet long interpulse missions Valley Tech Systems is proposing developement of an innovative dual chamber bulkhead design that enables a unique dual chamber motor system. Results will be a pulse motor design that delivers desired performance while exhibiting first and second pulse ignition reliability while providing the long inter pulse coast.

ADVANCED COMPONENTS & MATERIALS, INC. 1360 HIGH HAWK ROAD EAST GREENWICH, RI 02818
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 885-5064 Dr. Amitava Datta AF 07-172 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Improved Bearing Compartment Sealing for Gas Turbine Engines
Abstract:	Carbon seals generlly used for bearing compartments will incrasingly become unsuitable for future gas turbine engines with higher buffer air temperatures, higher pressur and rotor surface speeds.Phase I effort will focus on a synergistic approach including advanced materials and design.Three materials including a (Ti,Mo)(C,N) cermet, B-C composite and a current high temperature grade carbon MAT-1200 will be characterized for wear, oxidation resistance, impact strength and corrosion resistance in bearing oil. Both (Ti,Mo)(C,N)cermet and B-C composite have a much lower dry running wear rate, superior thermal stability and impact resistance compared to carbon.Advanced materials will be complemented with two non-contacting film riding design concepts; one based on hydrosttic arch-bound and another radial groove circumferential seal to furher minimize wear and degradation of leakage performance. Based on Phase I results, Phase II will focus on further design optimization using a comprehensive design code and performance testing of the down-selected design and material combination.

M-DOT AEROSPACE 3418 South 48th Street, Suite 3 Phoenix, AZ 85040
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 752-1911 Mr. Hugh Spilsbury AF 07-172 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Improved Bearing Compartment Sealing for Gas Turbine Engines
Abstract:	A technical approach to gas path seal design is described that provides a unique combination of benefits. It has broad application to gas seals including those applied to bearing sumps and gas paths. It is a direct replacement for conventional carbon face, labyrinth, brush, and similar gas seals. It prevents all leakage flow between rotating and static structure without the requirement for a contacting interface. As a result, it can accommodate large excursions due to shaft modes and thermal differentials with very loose interface tolerances. It uses no buffering gas, thus eliminates the parasitic losses of buffering air as well as eliminating the direct leakage losses. Its primary application is in medium to large gas turbine engines and is equally applicable to both military and commercial configurations. What makes it particularly unique is that it has the potential to accomplish these benefits with a design that is lower in acquisition cost and requires no maintenance.

STEIN SEAL CO. 1500 Industrial Blvd, PO Box 316 Kulpsville, PA 19433
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 256-0607 Mr. Manik Vasagar AF 07-172 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Improved Bearing Compartment Sealing for Gas Turbine Engines
Abstract:	The Stein Seal company will select carbon materials for advanced high speed, high displacement and high temperature bearing compartment seals. Selections will be validated through wear, exudation, oxidation and fluid compatibility testing. Preliminary designs of robust bearing compartment seals will be completed with capability to operate at 450 ft/s interface speeds, 2 to 85 psid pressure differentials, and accommodate radial motions up to 0.1 inches. Analysis and preliminary designs of counter-rotating intershaft seals that can operate at an interface velocity of 1200 ft/s will be established. Possibilities of using seal housing inserts or coatings in conjunction with titanium will be determined.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Ms. Karin Karg AF 07-172 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Wear Resistant and Lightweight Oil Seals for Turbine Engines(1001-027)
Abstract:	Triton Systems Inc. (Triton) proposes a material and systematic approach to prolong seal life for improved turbine engine efficiencies and operating life. Maintaining turbine engine efficiency is critical with growing industry demands for reliability, improved performance, and reduced cost and maintenance. Current impregnated carbon seals are lightweight and inexpensive; however, are susceptible to damage during installation and operation in turbine engines. An improved seal material is needed that can meet the increasing demands encountered in the operation of newer turbine engines. Triton's proposed fiber reinforced aluminum offers the benefits of a lightweight aluminum metal, with increased wear resistance, strength at elevated temperatures and a tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). In this Phase I effort, Triton will demonstrate a fiber reinforced metallic oil seal can survive and improve component life over the existing impregnated carbon seals.

INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC. 2766 Indian Ripple Rd Dayton, OH 45440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 255-3115 Dr. Sukesh Roy AF 07-173 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Nonintrusive Augmentor Sensors
Abstract:	The primary objective of this Phase-I research effort is to perform a feasibility study of the femtosecond (fs) laser-based frequency comb pair and CW Raman fiber comb pair for measuring temperature and H2O concentration at data rate greater than 10 kHz near 2.5 �m. Tomographic reconstruction using proper orthogonal decomposition will be used in conjunction with multiple beams to obtain coarse temperature images. A key attribute of the proposed solution is the use of advanced hyperspectral sources (rather than diode lasers) to monitor H2O absorption features. Despite using absorption spectroscopy for determining the temperature and H2O concentration from hyperspectral frequency comb, this technology is fundamentally different from typical diode laser-based absorption sensors and has many advantages, specifically, allowing the acquisition of many spectral lines covering wide spectral range at very high speeds (>10 kHz, typically 30 kHz) and thereby providing better temperature accuracy and power spectral density (PSD) functions. This feasibility study will pave the way for designing the optimum source for the implementation in an augmentor test facility at WPAFB during the Phase-II research effort along with user-friendly software for tomographic reconstruction of the flow field.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Richard Wainner AF 07-173 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Laser-Based Sensor for High-Speed Heat Release Rate Measurements
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes an optical sensor to infer local heat release rates in a gas turbine engine augmentor via measurement of the major reactant concentrations (fuel and O2) and temperature. The sensor is based on recent advances in high-speed tunable diode laser spectroscopy techniques developed by PSI for automobile engine applications. The sensor uses a short-path fiber-coupled probe to resolve fuel and temperature fluctuations at ~1cm spatial scale and up to 7.5kHz continuous output bandwidth for all three parameters. The goal is to resolve heat release fluctuations at scales that can be correlated to problematic acoustic modes that are often generated via combustion instabilities. Phase I of the program will include an experimental investigation of jet fuel absorption characteristics in a vitiated air stream at afterburner temperatures and will demonstrate the ability to measure effective fuel vapor concentration and vapor temperature. The Phase I effort will also include the empirical and analytical construction of an algorithm to yield heat release rate from the measured parameters, as well as the designs of the probe and overall sensor architecture. Phase II will focus on the development and construction of the sensor system, concluding with its delivery to the Air Force.

SPECTRAL ENERGIES, LLC 2513 Pierce Ave Ames, IA 50010
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 286-5711 Dr. Magan Paciaroni AF 07-173 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Investigation of Combustion Instability in Augmentors Using High-Speed PIV and PLIF
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed Phase-I research effort is to assess the feasibility of performing high-speed (1-5 kHz) particle-image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) for understanding combustion stability and related phenomena in gas-turbine augmentors. Initial demonstration measurements will be performed in cold and heated air flows using PIV and acetone/biacetyl PLIF at 1 kHz, with the goal of capturing coherent structure dynamics and understanding their role in affecting combustion stability in augmentor flows. Extension of such measurements to higher repetition rates and for species such as the hydroxyl radical (OH) will also be evaluated. This research effort will be used to design a second generation system for application of high-speed PIV and PLIF of fuel and OH in a realistic augmentor test rig during the Phase-II period. Successful Phase-I and Phase-II efforts will lead to the development of a prototype high-speed diagnostic system for PIV and PLIF of fuel and combustion products, to be installed within an augmentor test facility of AFRL's choice.

SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC. 4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 Dr. Jason Cline AF 07-173 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Fast Passive Optical Sensors for Measurement of Augmentor Combustion Dynamics
Abstract:	We propose to develop and optimize a novel system of fast passive optical sensors for in situ monitoring of combustion dynamics in a thrust augmentor system. Passive optical probes inserted into the combustor will provide multiple views of the flow field. A novel high-speed readout will provide statistical metrics of fluid-dynamic parameters for direct comparison to dynamic models. The sensors' spectral acceptance will be tailored to emphasize measurement of heat release, while rejecting interfering radiance from other sources. In Phase I, we will develop a conceptual design based on forward simulation of optical signals using high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics models and radiation transport calculations. The analysis will enable selection of probe positions and matched wavelength filters to reveal the evolution of transient combustion phenomena in confined regions of the unperturbed flow. The potential data products, which can be compared directly to Large Eddy Simulations, include measures of the intensity and frequency spectrum of dynamic fluctuations along with spatially resolved heat release. The Phase II instrument will provide a sensor readout and probe tip that can be integrated with existing augmentor probe systems.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Darin A. Knaus AF 07-174 Awarded: 29MAR07
Title:	Improved Heat Release Models for Augmentors
Abstract:	Combustion stability is critical to the operational performance and safety of military jet engines. Dynamic instability results from positive feedback coupling that can occur between heat release (combustion) and pressure oscillations (acoustics) in the augmentor. Dynamic instabilities are poorly understood and present designers with a particularly challenging problem when they arise. It is not currently possible to simulate dynamic instability with highly-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For this reason, reduced-order models are typically used to study dynamic instability. A key component of these models is the heat release model. Most existing heat release models are based on flame-sheet models that predict the mean location of the flame. The heat release model is derived by perturbing the flame with small-amplitude velocity perturbations. Many of the assumptions used to reduce existing models are unsatisfactory for augmentors. In augmentors, heat release is distributed, and vorticity (i.e., large-scale perturbations of the flame) can play a key role in determining stability. We will develop improved heat release models that are tailored specifically for augmentor flows. These models will lead to an improved understanding of augmentor flame dynamics and will also be used to develop models for predicting dynamic instability for augmentor conditions.

ENERGY RESEARCH CONSULTANTS 23342 South Pointe Drive, Suite E Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 583-1197 Dr. Vincent McDonell AF 07-174 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Improved Heat Release Model for Augmentor Screech Characterization
Abstract:	The Air Force has identified a need for improved design tools for augmentor performance. In the near term, it is apparent that reduced order models are needed in order to assist in the design process. One key area that requires effort is the area of screech modeling. A critical aspect of any model that attempts to predict screech is the correct representation of the dynamic heat release rate. In this Phase I SBIR, Energy Research Consultants and its partner, Georgia Institute of Technology will join together to 1) develop a formulation for a reduced order heat release model, and 2) conduct experiments in augmentor like conditions to validate the model. Georgia Tech's experience with combustion oscillations combined with unique experimental facilities at ERC will provide the right combination of resources to efficiently develop the design tool needed. In Phase I, the effort will be limited to homogeneous mixtures for validation, but the model formulation will be general enough to allow variation in fuel/air ratio and variation in the average mixture temperature to be evaluated.

ENGINEERING RESEARCH & ANALYSIS CO. 340 SENTINEL OAK DRIVE DAYTON, OH 45458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 291-3800 Dr. Mohammed A. Mawid AF 07-174 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Improved Heat Release Model for Augmentor Screech Characterization
Abstract:	A new unique reduced order heat release model is proposed for development in this SBIR. The proposed reduced order heat release model is derived based on the prevailing local flow conditions and it expresses the complex relationship between the fluctuating heat release and the fluctuating local variables. The reduced order heat release model will be developed independent of the pressure-acoustic model used to model screech acoustics and as such it can be integrated with any acoustics model. The reduced oreder heat release model will be based on finite-rate chemical kinetics which can be either global, reduced, or detailed. In addition, limited experimental work will be carried out to provide data on the fluctuating heat release and pressure behind a bluff-body type flame holder. The data will be used to validate the reduced order heat release model.

CASCADE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1330 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 691-6067 Dr. Shoreh Hajiloo AF 07-175 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Flame Ignition/Extinction Model for Static Stability Prediction
Abstract:	Ensuring static stability of the flame is of utmost importance in augmentor systems. It is proposed to develop an optimum set of models that will numerically simulate turbulent combustion in augmentors and help in the detailed understanding of the physical processes affecting the static stability of the flame. Research will be done on scalar mixing models for scalar variance and dissipation rate for multiphase flows, modification and updating of available chemistry models to include auto-iginition chemistry, combination of unsteady flamelet/progress variable (UFPV) and level set methods to capture both premixed and non-premixed regions in the augmentor, and the formulation of all these models for compressible flows. The entire development and all the computations will be performed in a large eddy simulation (LES) setting. The complete suite of the models will be extensively tested and validated against experiments in a wide range of operating augmentor conditions. For this, an experimental configuration will be chosen in collaboration with our industrial partners and successive LES computations will be performed and the results compared against the experimental data for continued development of the chosen models.

COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 883-1905 Dr. William Calhoon AF 07-175 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Augmentor Ignition/Extinction Modeling
Abstract:	The technical objective of this program is to develop a fast running, subgrid scale turbulence-chemistry interaction model for large-eddy simulation (LES) of aircraft augmentors that can accurately capture extinction and ignition effects. To accurately capture extinction and ignition, this model will be based upon a parameterization of the linear-eddy model (LEM). The LEM is a comprehensive mixing model that separately treats molecular diffusion, small scale turbulent stirring and complex, finite-rate kinetics. Because the model resolves the microscale flame structure, extinction and ignition may be accurately captured. Under this program, statistics from this mixing model will be parameterized to form a computationally inexpensive run time model. This parameterization will be accomplished using the artificial neural network (ANN) data modeling technique. The resulting computational model will be a fast running ANN network to estimate the LES filtered reaction rate required by CFD flow solvers. The key advantage of this LEM based ANN modeling approach is that the filtered reaction rate will include within it the effects of subgrid diffusion, turbulent stirring by a range of eddies below the grid size and the response of the chemical composition to these effects.

COMBUSTION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, INC. 8940 Old Annapolis Road Suite L Columbia, MD 21045
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 884-3266 Dr. Michael Klassen AF 07-175 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Flame Ignition/Extinction Model for Static Stability Prediction
Abstract:	As maintaining a stable combustion process is a major challenge associated with augmentor design and operation, numerical simulations are necessary to understand the combustion process and develop control strategies. Thus, it is essential to have reliable reduced kinetic models that are capable of predicting transient combustion phenomena such as ignition and extinction under augmentor operating conditions. Combustion Science & Engineering, Inc. proposes to develop a robust reduced kinetic modeling strategy for aviation fuels that can be coupled with unsteady flow models such as LES to simulate static stability limits in augmentors. In this approach, the fuel molecule will decompose into CH2O and H2 that will be represented by a global reactions step, while a detailed reaction sub-set will be used for CH2O/H2/O2 scheme for accurate predictions of non-equilibrium phenomena such as ignition and extinction. Combustion Science & Engineering, Inc. has successfully used a similar approach to predict stability phenomenon in cavity flameholders under scramjet conditions. In the present work, various turbulence/mixing models will be evaluated and optimum set of models will be chosen to couple with reduced kinetic model for CFDC simulation to predict flame propagation and static stability limits (i.e., ignition and extinction) under augmentor operating conditions.

FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 100 Marquette Road, Suite 110 Jupiter, FL 33458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(561) 427-6212 Mr. Brian Potter AF 07-176 Awarded: 27MAR07
Title:	Airfoil Replaceable Leading Edge (ARLE) for Integrally Bladed Rotor (IBR) Sustainment
Abstract:	Florida Turbine Technologies (FTT), Inc. proposes the development of an Airfoil Replaceable Leading Edge (ARLE) for Integrally Bladed Rotor (IBR) fan blades that will increase sustainment. The proposed technology will allow the low-cost repair of FOD damaged leading edges without the need to subject the blades to detrimental thermal stresses associated with conventional welding methods. The technology has additional benefits for High Cycle Fatigue. The phase 1 program will prove the mechanical integrity of the structure using analysis and laboratory testing and define the maintenance advantages.

JENTEK SENSORS, INC. 110-1 Clematis Avenue Waltham, MA 02453
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 642-9666 Dr. Mark Windoloski AF 07-176 Awarded: 29MAR07
Title:	Reliable MWM-Array Inspection and Condition Assessment for IBRs
Abstract:	JENTEK's conformable MWM-Array eddy current sensors are proven and uniquely suited for automated inspection of Integrally Bladed Rotors (IBRs). Recent implementations for U.S. Navy disk slot and blade dovetail inspections have clearly demonstrated the MWM-Array versatility. Over 3000 engine disk slots have been inspected at one Naval Air Station with cracks detected and verified (by fractography or other means) on nine of these disks, with no false indications. Most of these cracks, in shot peened regions with fretting damage, were missed by conventional eddy current testing (ET) and liquid penetrant inspection (LPI). This Phase I SBIR will adapt this proven technology to deliver a near term solution for IBR inspection. Furthermore, the Phase I will investigate the use of time sequenced, high resolution MWM-Array images of complex IBR surfaces (e.g., leading edges, airfoils, double curvatures) with novel space-time filtering methods, to provide earlier damage detection capability, residual stress relaxation imaging, and foreign object damage (FOD) repair assessment. MTU Aero Engines North America, a manufacturer of IBRs for several U.S. military and commercial engines, will provide access to available components and engineering guidance. Delivery of practical near term capabilities, as well as development of fundamental advances in inspection technology, is addressed.

VEXTEC CORP. 750 Old Hickory Blvd, Building 2, Suite 270 Brentwood, TN 37027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(615) 372-0299 Mr. Richard Holmes AF 07-176 Awarded: 29MAR07
Title:	Integrally Bladed Rotor (IBR) Sustainment
Abstract:	Integrally bladed rotors (IBRs) have become prevalent in new military gas turbine engines. IBRs replace rotors with inserted blades. As with other types of unitized structures, IBRs greatly reduce part count and thus improve assembly and maintainability. This SBIR proposes innovative advanced physics based life modeling techniques to accurately determine the probability of failure of undamaged, damaged and repaired IBRs. System reliability techniques will be developed that recognize that an IBR is an advanced component with many geometric complexities and many active failure mechanism. Because the IBR is a single piece of hardware, the loading and failure mechanism at different locations on the IBR are not independent and can't be treated that way during life analysis. VEXTEC has developed patented system reliability methods to assess the risk of failure of complex machines such as automobiles and heavy machinery. These methods will be extended to IBRs. Validation testing will performed to verify the analysis methods. . The ultimate goal of this SBIR will be to show that a modeling method can be established to predict the life of a repaired IBR with a high degree of accuracy. VEXTEC will conduct both computational IBR modeling and scaled physical testing within Phase I Uniquely, VEXTEC has developed and constructed a scaled turbine test rig which will be used to prove-out modeling feasibility through direct comparison with an IBR that was fielded and then repaired and then returned to the field until failure.

SIGMA TECHNOLOGIES INTL, INC. 10960 N. Stallard Place Tucson, AZ 85737
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 575-8013 Dr. Angelo Yializis AF 07-178 Awarded: 28MAR07
Title:	High Performance, Compact Capacitors for Pulse Forming Networks
Abstract:	This project proposes the development of a solid-state, polymer, multilayer capacitor composed of thousands of nano-dielectric layers and self-healing aluminum electrodes. Unlike conventional self supported polymer capacitor films that are limited by thickness and polymer chemistry, the proposed capacitor system makes use of a family of cross-linked amorphous polymer dielectrics that have dielectric constants in the range of �U=2.5-13, breakdown strength >1000V/�Ym and are integrated with aluminum electrodes using a non-contact process in an environment free of particulate contaminants. This results in defect-free polymer dielectrics that have low dielectric absorption due to their amorphous character and breakdown strengths higher than any self-supported film dielectric, due to the combination of the intrinsic polymer properties and their submicron thickness. Small area polymer dielectrics produced in this manner have exhibited energy densities up to 20J/cc at their breakdown limit, suggesting that multilayer capacitors may be possible with energy densities of about 50% of this value. This phase I program will be designed to demonstrate the properties of such solid-state polymer aluminum capacitors produced in the form of large sheets of polymer/aluminum composites with 3000-8000 -dielectric/electrode pairs. Capacitors with different dielectric constants and dielectric thickness will be produced and tested for basic capacitor properties including energy density, dissipation factor and capacitance at different temperatures, and dV/dt charge and discharge characteristics.

STRATEGIC POLYMER SCIENCES, INC. 200 Innovation Blvd., Suite 237 State College, PA 16803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 238-7400 Dr. Shihai Zhang AF 07-178 Awarded: 08MAY07
Title:	High Performance, Compact Capacitors for Pulse Forming Networks
Abstract:	We propose to develop high-performance, state-of-the-art polymer dielectrics by combining the high energy density (>25 J/cc) of PVDF"Cbased copolymers and terpolymers and the low dielectric loss, high-temperature poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), polyimides, poly(phenylene sulfide), and/or polysulfones (0.05%~0.2%). We emphasize that the thermodynamic miscibility of these polymer blends is critical to the performance of large area thin-film capacitors since immiscible polymer blends have phase separation in micrometer scale. Miscible polymer blends will be identified by theoretical estimation following the Flory-Huggins model and systematic screening of commercially available low-loss polymers. In addition, multilayer structure with each layer thickness down to 10-100 nm will be fabricated using plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition process. With the miscible polymer blends and/or multilayer structure, high-performance compact capacitors will be fabricated with energy density higher than 5 J/cc, dielectric loss less than 1%, delivery rates less than microseconds, improved thermal performance, and graceful failure feature.

TRS CERAMICS, INC. 2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 238-7485 Dr. Edward Alberta AF 07-178 Awarded: 28MAR07
Title:	High Energy Thin Film Capacitors for Pulse Power Systems
Abstract:	In this Phase I effort, TRS Technologies Inc (TRS) proposes to develop high energy thin film metal oxide capacitors that exhibit high energy density (>5J/g). TRS will develop these high energy capacitors using a novel approach for increasing the surface area of metal oxide thin films. Additionally, TRS will develop the thin film capacitors on flexible polymer substrates to enable scale-up of the high energy capacitor fabrication.

FLORIDA TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 100 Marquette Road, Suite 110 Jupiter, FL 33458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(561) 427-6235 Mr. Mark Harris AF 07-179 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Advanced Combustor Designs Utilizing Inlet Swirl for High Acceleration of Gravity (G) Combustion
Abstract:	Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. is working to become a first-tier supplier of small gas turbines for military and commercial use. In this effort FTT will study concepts for a modified "high-g" combustor concept for ultra-low-volume, highly capable engine systems. Key features of this system will include ultra-low volume, high external and internal swirl. Concept development would be focused on extension of FTT's existing miniature combustors to allow scale-up to larger engines. FTT would limit its main effort to smaller engine sizes (typically with radial compressor stages) which fit within FTT's overall business strategy: to develop engines for UAV and missile airframes. Goals for the combustor concept include 1) stable operation at high combustor loadings, 2) maximum use of swirl from the compressor at the same, or lower, system pressure loss as today's miniature combustors and 3) scalability to larger engines. At the end of the program, FTT's goal is to have a solid design concept that can be put into hardware and tested at its on-site test facility. The hardware would be small in size so it remains compatible with FTT's existing military engine development efforts

SPYTEK AEROSPACE CORP. 450 Frontier Way, Unit D Bensenville, IL 60106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 595-9133 Mr. Christopher Spytek AF 07-179 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Advanced Combustor Designs Utilizing Inlet Swirl for High Acceleration of Gravity (G) Combustion
Abstract:	The recent incorporation of high g combustor designs in gas turbine engines at Spytek Aerospace has presented the need for the further optimization of the compressor/combustor interface (i.e. diffuser). Legacy combustor designs remove the inherent swirl out of the gas stream at the compressor exit, introducing aerodynamic losses and structural weight penalties. High g combustors utilize circumferential flows to decrease main combustor size ultimately allowing for the implementation of inter-turbine burners (ITB's). Spytek Aerospace plans to utilize its operational ATG-2 high g combustor design as a basis for optimizing two `swirl-maintained' diffuserless concepts. The major areas of study will include the efficient splitting of combustion/dilute flows directly into the combustor I.D. and flow lead-in into the entrainment region.

ARKANSAS POWER ELECTRONICS INTERNATIONAL, INC. 535 W. Research Center Blvd., Suite 209 Fayetteville, AR 72701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(479) 443-5759 Dr. Roberto Schupbach AF 07-181 Awarded: 29MAR07
Title:	20 kW High Temperature (300+ �C), Rad-Hard Silicon Carbide (SiC) DC/DC Power Converters
Abstract:	In this Small Business Innovation Research project, APEI, Inc. and TRS Technologies are partnering to develop rad-hard high density DC/DC power converters functional to temperatures in excess of 300 �C. Expert utilization of the now emerging silicon carbide (SiC) power devices will allow for high efficiency and high junction temperature operation, leading to increased power density, reduced thermal sink mass, reduced system size and weight, and improved modularity. This will of course lead to significant savings in launch costs, greater platform payload capacities, improved system performance, and improved reliability. APEI, Inc. will prove the feasibility of the design approach through the high-temperature 300 �C hardware demonstration of a complete 1000 watt SiC DC/DC converter at the conclusion of Phase I of the program. In particular, by the conclusion of Phase II of this program, APEI, Inc. will develop high-temperature, high power (up to 20kW) SiC DC/DC converters with the flexibility to operate in a number of military and aerospace platforms. The power converters will be fully integrated and modularized, operate at junction temperatures in excess of 300 �C, operate at frequencies greater than 250 kHz, and operate at power densities greater than 150 W/kg. APEI, Inc. will build upon its high-temperature SiC power electronics expertise to push the state-of-the-art systems, as required by these Air Force applications.

ORBITAL RESEARCH, INC. 4415 Euclid Avenue, Suite 500 Cleveland, OH 44103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 649-0399 Mr. Mike Willett AF 07-181 Awarded: 27MAR07
Title:	High Temperature Electronics for Spacecraft Power Management and Distribution
Abstract:	High temperature and radiation-hardened electronics will benefit Power Management and Distribution in a spacecraft by saving space, weight and power that would otherwise be needed for heat extraction and shielding. Orbital Research Inc. proposes the development of one or more high temperature DC - DC Converters for use in future spacecraft designs - that will consist of the following: A single ASIC chip, a custom transformer designed with high temperature materials, and high temperature capacitors resistors and pcb substrates. The Phase I effort will be primarily to collect data on existing DC - DC converters in spacecraft, and analyze the potential increase in power density by replacing low temperature circuits with high temperature substitutes. Following the identification of optimal high temperature substitutes, Orbital Research Inc. will design a DC - DC converter, using a custom-designed transformer which will serve as a high temperature replacement for most, if not all, of the existing DC -DC converters that are presently in use in various spacecraft. Phase II will take the designed circuit and build a breadboard for testing. The critical test parameter is power density >70W/kg.

GINER, INC. 89 Rumford Avenue Newton, MA 02466
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 529-0527 Mr. Mourad Manoukian AF 07-182 Awarded: 27MAR07
Title:	Nano-Engineered Carbon Ultracapacitor for Satellite Energy Storage
Abstract:	The United States Air Force (USAF) has identified the need for an advanced and reliable ultracapacitor to prolong the operational life of military satellites that use batteries for their energy storage. Based on the requirements of the USAF, Giner, Inc. proposes the development of an innovative Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC) device that has low overall Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR), high capacitance (>10,000 farads) and high energy density to meet the demands of the USAF. The innovative concept is to combine high-surface-area (greater than 2500 m2/g) nano-porous carbons with organic electrolytes and improved current collector/ultracapacitor active material interface conductivity for a high-capacitance and high-energy-density device. The proposed innovative concept will optimize nano-porous carbon synthesis parameters to result in powder material with large fraction of its pore volume in pores of diameter 1-5 nm to be fully accessible to the organic electrolyte, and will improve the conductivity of the current collector/ultracapacitor active material interface resulting in high capacitance and high energy. The proposed novel EDLC will operate in the temperature range of 40�C to +80�C and will be capable of operating through greater than 500,000 charge-discharge cycles.

LITHCHEM INTERNATIONAL 1830 Columbia Avenue Folcroft, PA 19032
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 627-3299 Dr. Novis Smith AF 07-182 Awarded: 28MAR07
Title:	High Voltage (4 V ) Electrochemical (Ultra) Capacitor for Satellite Energy Storage
Abstract:	Satellite mission life is limited by the life of its batteries which are significantly limited by the amount of pulsing, peak loads or spikes which occur during discharge cycles. A capacitor is coupled with the battery in order to reduce or eliminate these damaging current demands and thereby prolonging the lifetime of the battery and the satellite mission. The electrochemical capacitor (EC) is the type of capacitor of choice for this weight critical application which requires the maximum energy storage capability (energy density) which is currently at 5.7 Wh/kg. LithChem has developed a series of new EC non-acetonitrile electrolytes which have shown twice the energy density (>11 Wh/kg) by operating at higher voltage (>3.4 V) and at a higher ion concentration than the best ECs available. LithChem proposes to maximize the performance of this new EC by optimizing the following: electrode material including carbon nano tubes; operating voltage (3.4-4.0 V); molarity; and capacitor cell configuration. It appears that an energy density of >15 Wh/kg may be achievable with a corresponding power density of > 12 KW/KG. This new electrochemical capacitor (EC) could reduce the size, weight and cost of the current EC by more than 50%.

MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP. 200 Yellow Place, Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 631-3550 Dr. J. Michael Cutbirth AF 07-183 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Demonstration of Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Nanofluids
Abstract:	Historically, plate-fin heat exchangers with heat transfer fluids such as poly ��-olefin have been used for the majority of heat removal and heat transfer within advanced military aircraft. However, with the continual increases in thermal loads due to advancements such as high-powered solid-state electronics within the next generation weapon systems, improvements to the current industry standard are required. In addition to novel heat exchanger configurations, improvements in the thermal properties of the heat transfer fluid have been proposed using solid-liquid suspensions based upon nanoparticles. Although a wealth of research data exists for the thermal conductivity improvements with the addition of nanoparticles, experimental demonstration within practical application has been lacking. To address this shortcoming, Mainstream will rely on its expertise in nanotechnology, heat transfer fluids, and thermal management systems to demonstrate the thermal transport improvement using nanofluids within an aircraft-suitable single-phase heat exchanger. The Phase I effort will characterize the thermal/physical properties of the nanofluid, demonstrate the heat transfer coefficient augmentation, and assess candidate aircraft heat exchangers for replacement of the heat transfer fluid.

METSS CORP. 300 Westdale Avenue Westerville, OH 43082
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 797-2200 Dr. Richard S. Sapienza AF 07-183 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	Nanofluids for Heat Transfer Enhancement in Aircraft Systems
Abstract:	The Air Force is seeking new cooling technologies that will provide improved heat transfer performance that results in a significantly lighter and smaller heat exchange system to support the increasing demand for heat removal in modern engineering designs used in military aircraft systems. METSS proposes an approach it has used successfully in SBIR programs previously sponsored by the Air Force to successfully develop a stable, easily prepared, aircraft nanofluid coolant with significantly better thermophysical properties that will become an integral component of future thermal management systems. METSS plans to build upon its extensive experience with heat transfer fluids and knowledge gained from an on-going Air Force radar coolant program along with previous nanomaterial efforts. This approach emphasizes commercial participation and the use of commercially available products to develop synthetic fluid formulations with improved performance relative to conventional fluids. The enhanced heat transfer performance of these nanofluids will be clearly quantitated relative to the conventional heat transfer carrier fluid. Other key properties of the nanocoolant will also be evaluated and compared to the base heat transfer fluid.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2341 Dr. Brian Elliott AF 07-183 Awarded: 29MAR07
Title:	Nanofluids for Heat Transfer Enhancement in Aircraft Systems
Abstract:	Get thisThe Air Force has a desire to investigate the use of nanofluids as a means to reduce the size and weight of thermal management systems used in advanced aircraft. Nanofluids, traditional heat transfer fluids containing dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles, have up to a 50% increase in thermal conductivity compared to regular heat transfer fluids. Therefore, heat exchangers can be designed with less weight and volume. However, the nanofluid must be stable over long periods of time and not clog small passages, damage pumps, or corrode aluminum. Also, the heat exchanger design must consider the effects of increased viscosity and thermal conductivity on the characteristic length of the entry region laminar flow regime. The heat transfer coefficient is dependant on flow regime and in some regimes it is dependant on viscosity and/or thermal conductivity. This project will investigate a method for promoting a long-term stable nanofluid and test it's performance in a compact heat exchanger. The project will culminate with a detailed analysis on using nanofluids in compact heat exchangers for aircraft thermal management. It will estimate the potential size reduction for compact heat exchangers that are designed to operate in either the entry region laminar flow, fully developed laminar flow, or the fully developed turbulent flow regimes.

ALLCOMP, INC. 209 Puente Ave. City of Industry, CA 91746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 369-1273 Mr. Wei Shih AF 07-184 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Enhanced Fuel-Lubricated Bearing for Turbine Engine Applications
Abstract:	There is a constant need to reduce the size and part counts of state-of-the-art (SOA) turbine engines. One already demonstrated solution, which offers significant weight and cost payoffs, uses advanced fuel-lubricated (fuel-lubed) bearing. The challenge associated with fuel lubrication is that the fuel does not provide nearly as much lubricity to the bearing components as the traditional oil lubrication does. As a result, fuel-lubed bearings typically use advanced self-lubricating, fuel compatible C-C cages and Si3N4 rolling elements to reduce bearing heat generation and to improve overall bearing performance. To further improve the bearing performance, particularly when the engine bearings are required to operate at extreme conditions of load, speed, and temperature, antiwear additive has to be added to fuel to enhance its tribological properties. In phase I, we propose to first better understand the fundamental tribological behavior of friction pairs under fuel lubrication, and then to develop technological concepts and demonstrate feasibility of technologies that address performance and lubricity issues related to fuel-lubricated bearings. In Phase II, we propose to further optimize our approaches and then to develop, test, and demonstrate an operable prototype in real engine test beds

COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 766-1520 Dr. Sanford M. Dash AF 07-185 Awarded: 29MAR07
Title:	General Hypersonic Propulsion
Abstract:	The proposed effort focuses on fuel/air mixing in scramjet environments, as well as on optimization of fuel injector designs and patterns. Turbulence model upgrades will focus on predicting Prandtl and Schmidt number variations using a scalar fluctuation model (SFM) validated for a limited number of cases. A GUI-driven tool containing both solution data and digitized experimental or LES data will support validation. Run sequences can be automated. Additional data sets will be added, including those of specific interest to the Air Force. Extensions to permit this tool to operate with other CFD codes will be defined. Fuel injector design work, to be performed with Prof. Schetz/VT, will examine optimizing injector designs and patterns for a generic, round IT combustor to see if we can achieve adequate mixing in reasonable lengths with flush wall injector arrays (round/diamond). Performance will be compared to that of well-designed in-stream injectors. Optimization work will evaluate how designs optimized for one set of conditions/fuels, perform for other conditions/fuels, and what design modifications are needed to improve performance. Experiments of Schetz in Phase II to support the SFM upgrades and the fuel injector optimization work will be planned and an experimental matrix will be defined.

GOHYPERSONIC, INC. 714 E. Monument Ave, Suite 201 Dayton, OH 45402
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 531-6678 Dr. Lance Jacobsen AF 07-185 Awarded: 26MAR07
Title:	Combined Cycle Nozzle Base Drag Reduction Methods
Abstract:	In the last few years, the renewed development of inward-turning scramjets with vehicle conformal nozzle shapes for both cruise vehicle and accelerators has led to the need for new combined cycle integration strategies for both turbine and rocket engine systems. Strategies must be developed which can potentially mitigate the level of base drag within the existing engine hardware during combined cycle operation. The strategies proposed for study here by GoHypersonic Inc. (GHI) involve the burning of the dual-mode scramjet duct flow, defined here as core burning, and the utilization of variable geometry within vehicle conformal nozzle shapes, currently under development by GHI. The successful development of viable base drag reduction methodologies will be of significant importance to the DARPA Falcon and related programs as well as to the combined cycle engine programs within the Air Force and NASA. Feasible technologies could lead to further business opportunities for GHI with the DOD agencies, NASA and the larger engine and airframe manufacturers in the U.S. aerospace community.

ELECTRO ENERGY, MOBILE PRODUCTS, INC. 3820 S Hancock Expressway Colorado Springs, CO 80911
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 392-4266 David Pickett AF 07-186 Awarded: 26MAR07
Title:	Advanced Chemistries for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Abstract:	This proposal is for the development of an ultrahigh energy density rechargeable lithium battery chemistry. A novel cathode material is chosen that when fully developed is expected to provide packaged batteries with specific energies of 400-500 Wh/kg. The proposal identifies a new type of nanocomposite rechargeable lithium battery cathode material to provide high specific energy and a proprietary cell design to provide high rate capability and compact packaging. The proposal identifies the steps for preparing and identifying optimum electrode compositions, fabricating and evaluating laboratory test cells and developing and characterizing fully packaged rechargeable lithium cells.

MOHAWK INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1037 Watervliet-Shaker Road Albany, NY 12205
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 862-4290 Dr. Hooshang Heshmat AF 07-187 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Advanced Large Diameter Air Seals
Abstract:	The challenges facing seals for large diameter rotor systems is the requirement to accommodate centrifugal and axial growth of 0.150 inches or more due to loads on the rotating engine components; accommodate surface speeds in excess of 1200 ft/sec; and be capable of operating reliably at temperatures in excess of 800� F. MiTir proposes the development of its close clearance, non-contacting, compliant, axial face seal that overcomes the limitations of existing seals. This seal technology can sustain large excursions, high surface velocities and temperatures while minimizing leakage and without loss of performance. The overall objective of this program is to develop an advanced propulsion engine compliant foil seal that has improved life and performance relative to seals currently in operation. The seal will also have to ability to accommodate large misalignment/distortion. Phase I objectives are to conduct parametric analyses to assess the influence of the design parameters on seal performance, Identify a seal configurations based on results of the parametric analysis that will be tested statically under Phase I. Using the test data the preliminary seal design for Phase II dynamic verification testing will be established.

P.C. KRAUSE & ASSOC., INC. 3016 Covington Street West Lafayette, IN 47906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(765) 464-8997 Dr. Benjamin Loop AF 07-188 Awarded: 02APR07
Title:	Optimization of Stator Tooth Geometry and Magnetic Material Properties for Enhanced Torque Production in Electric Machines
Abstract:	The primary objective of the proposed work is to investigate design techniques to improve torque density, power density, and efficiency in wound-rotor synchronous machines. The underlying principle of the proposed design technique is to alter the flux path in the machine to increase torque production. This will be achieved through optimally altering the stator tooth geometry and magnetic material properties. The design process is automated by an evolutionary optimization algorithm that employs a finite element analysis program as an objective function evaluation engine. A partnership with Smiths Aerospace will provide PCKA with guidance for and evaluation of the manufacturability of the proposed machine design techniques. When a knowledge base has been built from experience with the optimization of wound-rotor synchronous machines, the design techniques will be applied to other types of electric machines, such as induction machines or switched reluctance machines.

SATCON APPLIED TECHNOLOGY, INC. 27 Drydock Avenue Boston, MA 02210
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 897-2447 Dr. Ed Lovelace AF 07-188 Awarded: 28MAR07
Title:	Hybrid PM Aerospace Generator
Abstract:	High speed generators for future aircraft with dramatic improvements in power density while retaining or enhancing the functionality of current solutions. SatCon proposes to develop a new technology generator that up to 300kW in the same envelope as existing 50kW wound-field generators resulting in significantly greater power density. This will be achieved by transitioning from wound-field to hybrid PM generator technology with a novel voltage control design resulting in a compact generator control unit (GCU) with improved short circuit protection.

VEXTEC CORP. 750 Old Hickory Blvd, Building 2, Suite 270 Brentwood, TN 37027
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(615) 372-0299 Mr. Richard Holmes AF 07-189 Awarded: 27MAR07
Title:	Optimal Durability and Reliability Testing of Gas Turbine Components
Abstract:	Through the traditional design and development cycles, prototype hardware components are built, tested, and the design is then modified for unforeseen shortcomings revealed in testing. These cycles are both too time consuming and costly. The cost of physical tests is rising while the cost of computer cycles is plummeting. It seems only common sense to replace the former with the latter. This Phase I will demonstrate feasibility of developing a integrated framework to demonstrate the durability and reliability of turbine engines. This will be accomplished through the use of physics based probabilistic simulations, scaled turbine engine testing and statistical evaluation. The combination of scaled testing and Weibull-based probabilistic analysis, full scale testing can be dramatically reduced to a highly cost effective function unlike today. The modeling approach proposed herein will highlight issues and problems well before any actual full-scale testing takes place. The envisioned framework will consider the inherent uncertainty that exists in real world systems through the combination of multiple engine tests to provide a sound statistical database of component durability and Weibull analysis and Bayesian techniques to minimize uncertainty at the system level.

MESOSCRIBE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 25 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 125 Stony Brook, NY 11790
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 444-6691 Mr. Christopher Gouldstone AF 07-190 Awarded: 27MAR07
Title:	Harsh-Environment Sensors for In-Flight Hypersonic Engine Tests
Abstract:	MesoScribe has developed a suite of sensors suited to measuring mechanical and flow properties in harsh environments, such as hypersonic air-breathing propulsion systems. The sensors have been previously demonstrated in airborne and industrial gas turbines, exposed to high temperatures, pressures and g-loading. Using proprietary Direct Write fabrication, a high-precision derivative of thermal spray technology, MesoScribe has the capability to manufacture multilayer sensors, circuit elements, antennas and interconnects directly onto engineering components without clean rooms, lithography or post-processing. The devices produced boast low mass, low profile, high adhesion and high temperature operability. Direct write strain gages are proposed for monitoring duct geometry and flow area. Thermocouples and multilayer thermocouple arrays can measure wall temperature and heat flux, respectively. Thermal-based sensors can measure skin friction through convective power dissipation. Distributed sensor arrays can locate shocks by identifying discontinuities in thermodynamic states within the core flow. Locating these discontinuities and quantifying changes across them further characterizes flow properties along the engine duct. Compatibility of direct-write with thermal spray enables multifunctional coatings to be produced, which comprise discrete sensor layers embedded within thermal barrier or ablative coatings. The flexibility of direct-write allows sensors to be fabricated onto bare substrates with equivalent performance.

SOUTHWEST SCIENCES, INC. 1570 Pacheco Street, Suite E-11 Santa Fe, NM 87505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 984-1322 Dr. Shin-Juh Chen AF 07-190 Awarded: 26MAR07
Title:	In-Flight Gas Imaging Sensor for Scramjets
Abstract:	The development of scramjet engines for aerospace vehicles requires testing of engine components in wind tunnels and, more importantly, in flight. These tests provide valuable information for developing a viable engine and means for deciphering some of the complexities inherent in such a system. The short flow residence time inside the combustor poses a tremendous challenge in achieving appropriate mixing of the fuel and air, and maintaining flame stability within the combustor. Moreover, current wind tunnels cannot fully replicate the flow conditions expected to be encountered during flight or provide meaningful test times for current diagnostic tools. Southwest Sciences proposes to develop a compact, high speed, in-flight scramjet imaging sensor to measure local temperatures, pressures and gas concentrations. The key characteristic of this sensor is a very high speed imaging array detector that provides an unprecedented combination of temporal and spatial resolution for measurement of combustion gas properties.

DIVERSIFIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 35 Wiggins Ave. Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-9444 Dr. Ian Roth AF 07-199 Awarded: 30MAR07
Title:	Affordable Pulse-Power Module for Nonthermal Ignition and Plasma Surface Modification
Abstract:	The Air Force Research Laboratory needs new technology to reignite conventional and future scramjet engines at high altitudes where the air density is low. Otherwise, in the event of an engine flame-out, the jet must descend to low altitude in order to reignite. The problem exists because conventional igniters cannot couple enough energy into the air-fuel mixture before the air arcs, which prevents further energy input. The solution is a fast ignition pulser, a device which significantly increases the energy coupled into the fuel-air mixture, enabling re-ignition at much higher altitudes. In this SBIR, DTI will extend and simplify its solid state pulser technology to meet the requirements of the ignition pulser. In Phase I, we will demonstrate three approaches to meeting the ignition pulser requirements, and assess their suitability for the USAF's requirements for performance, cost, reliability, and size. One or more of these approaches will be selected for full scale development in Phase II. In Phase III, we will pursue the qualification and production of this pulser to enable its fielding on future Air Force engines.

OPTISWITCH TECHNOLOGY CORP. 6355 Nancy Ridge Drive San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 452-8787 Dr. David Giorgi AF 07-199 Awarded: 30MAR07
Title:	Solid-State Pulse-Power Module for Transient Plasma Generation
Abstract:	OptiSwitch Technology Corporation (OTC) in collaboration with the University of Southern California (USC) proposes the development of a compact, high voltage, and high repetition rate solid-state pulse generator for nonthermal ignition and for other applications including plasma surface modification. The fully solid-state pulse generator module will be based on a design successfully tested in a Pulse Detonation Engine and other combustion ignition and control experiments. This unit will generate a variable 75ns-150ns wide pulse at 10kV-50kV, easily extendable to higher voltages. To satisfy the short pulse requirement of 30ns-50ns an innovative diode opening switch (DOS) stage, initially using commercially available rectifiers, will be seamlessly added to the base unit. Using a 2D silicon process and device simulation program the final DOS will be of a unique and innovative design that does not exist at present. The DOS package of series devices will allow for proper thermal management to meet the 3kHz requirement. In a follow-on Phase II program the DOS devices will be fabricated and packaged by OTC in OTC's silicon foundry.

COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 766-1520 Dr. Ashvin Hosangadi AF 07-204 Awarded: 12JUN07
Title:	Turbopump Cavitation Tools
Abstract:	The next generation liquid rocket systems envision novel designs for turbopumps that can operate at high suction speeds (i.e. low inlet pressures), and can be throttled over a wide range of low, off-design flow conditions. This is an extremely demanding flow regime where performance loss and damage from cavitation instabilities can be catastrophic since they can generate large amplitude pressure fluctuations. However, the ability of current analytical or CFD tools to reliably predict unsteady cavitation dynamics is not mature particularly for cryogens where temperature fluctuations can couple with the pressure variations.. The innovation proposed here is to extend current capabilities to analyze mean solutions and head drop-off, to an unsteady framework that can predict amplitudes and frequencies of dynamic pressure loads within a cryogenic fluid environment with temperature fluctuations. A key aspect of this proposal is an extensive testing program that will be conducted in the Phase II effort to provide dynamic load magnitudes in a regime where thermal effects are important Hence, the resulting product will be a well-validated and reliable analysis tool, CRUNCH CFDr, that can be used predict unsteady, off-design performance of liquid rocket turbopumps.

DEFENSE RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 3915 Germany Lane, Suite 102 Beavercreek, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 431-1644 Mr. James Utt AF 07-213 Awarded: 07JUN07
Title:	False Alarm Rejection (FAR) Techniques for Missile Warning Systems (MWSs)
Abstract:	False alarms are the primary technical issue with nearly every passive target detection system ever developed, including missile warning systems. This problem prevents these systems from being used to their full potential. The three conventional classes of discrimination algorithms, spatial, spectral, and temporal, have been pressed nearly to their potential limits. DRA developed a more advanced background cancellation algorithm called P-Score Passive Moving Target Detection (PMTD), which is more robust in the presence of noise and less subject to numerical errors than previously tested background cancellation techniques. At the same time, DRA has been studying mixed mode active/passive sensor systems for reducing false alarms. This involves adding a low-cost, optically steerable laser device pointed to the angular bearing of a track and used to confirm target presence and measure its range. Until recently, this was not practical because such a laser device would require a fine tracker system and a very precise gimbal housing. The optimal solution to the false alarm problem combines advanced a background cancellation algorithm with an optional active element to confirm tracks are not false alarms.

DEFENSE RESEARCH ASSOC., INC. 3915 Germany Lane, Suite 102 Beavercreek, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 431-1644 Mr. James Utt AF 07-214 Awarded: 11JUN07
Title:	Directing Monopulse Jamming Toward Antenna of Semiactive or Antiradiation Missile
Abstract:	An EO/IR sensor with the angular accuracy and dynamic response capabilities to point a RF jammer does not exist. To perform a pointing function, the EO/IR sensor system must be capable of tracking relatively small objects at the stand-off distances that Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) and Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) typically operate. DRA proposes to solve this challenging technology limitation by developing an integrated solution consisting of two or more sensors. The integrated sensor design will have the capability to obtain both high resolution spatial and spectral information, but will still have a flexible architecture that will enable the development of advanced sensing technologies that will meet the requirements for pointing a RF jammer. The integrated design solution that DRA proposes will provide a path to develop prototype hardware for demonstration that will meet those requirements. During Phase II, DRA will develop a prototype system and demonstrate key performance characteristics. The Phase II effort will provide a building-block capability for producing an integrated threat protection system that has the required functionality

SPECTRA RESEARCH, INC. 2790 Indian Ripple Road, Russ Research Center Dayton, OH 45440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 320-5999 Mr. James Riddell III AF 07-215 Awarded: 11JUN07
Title:	Sensor Architectures for Radar Combat Identification
Abstract:	Advanced radar signature modeling and signal processing techniques are required to support evolving radar technology in non-cooperative target recognition (NCTR). Modeling to produce NCTR techniques in both air-air and air-ground radar modes are required. The proposed research will first utilize the radar target modeling capability at Spectra Research and Georgia Institute of Technology to generate math models of the detection of targets with wide band signals typical of high resolution radar (HRR). Target models will be developed in the context of the radar technology known to be used for target detection and subsequent NCTR by radar manufacturers. Analytical models of radar implementation parameters such as calibration and alignment will then be statistically characterized and their functionality to handle target motion and signature visibility determined. Finally, radar signature signal processing will be defined that will optimize radar performance for target recognition and identification for NCTR, over the gamut of radar typed identified. Our goal for the models and target signatures developed will be a completely portable data set for use by all radar manufacturers. Imbedded in X-Patch, these universal signature models will enable sensor optimization within a specific radar system and also benchmarking of different systems for valid comparison.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 954-2200 Dr. George Bohannon AF 07-215 Awarded: 13JUN07
Title:	Sensor Architectures for Radar Combat Identification
Abstract:	An effective noncooperative target recognition (NCTR) system relies on the successful integration of three critical components: sensor, signature database, and classifier. These three components must be addressed concurrently and optimized in a mutually consistent manner to arrive at an effective NCTR solution. TSC proposes to develop a high-fidelity, coherent, voltage-level radar model to support the sensor component of such an analysis. This proposal describes a testbed for developing and testing potential NCTR systems, with major testbed modules representing each of these three critical NCTR components. In Phase II, the radar model will be realized in software suitable for such a testbed, validated against field data, and used in NCTR system trade studies.

AGILTRON CORP. 15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-1200 Dr. Jing Zhao AF 07-216 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Precision and Stable Fiber Optical Gyroscope Made of Air-Core Fiber
Abstract:	Agiltron proposes to systematic study the un-stable mechanisms, leading to the establishment of space qualification procedure for fiber optic gyros (FOGs). The approach leverages our industry experiences in satellite FOG component and sensor system fabrication. This program will lead to development of a certification service for the air-core photonic band-gap fiber components and navigation-grade FOGs with high performance. In addition, we propose to develop a new generation of fiber optic gyro components that has high thermal stability and are fundamentally resistant to space radiations, incorporating new breakthrough in engineered optical designs. Phase I will identify the critical technology challenges, synthesize advanced architectures, perform concept feasibility analysis and define the Phase II approach in collaboration with Honeywell.

WADDAN SYSTEMS 8801 Encino Ave Northridge, CA 91325
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(661) 257-4172 Dr. Mahendra Singh AF 07-216 Awarded: 14JUN07
Title:	Precision Navigation Grade Fiber-Optic Gyroscope (FOG)
Abstract:	Development of a Precision Fiber Optic Gyro (PFOG) is proposed. The precision in the proposed PFOG is obtained by basic design and physical construction. It is a closed loop gyro where instead of measuring the Sagnac phase shift, we drive it zero continuously, thus, this driving effort becomes the measure of the angular rate. It is made up of fiber spool and a single chip hybrid. This eliminates many interfaces, and puts all the key components together, thus, reducing the errors introduced thermal gradients across the gyro. It also makes the gyro easy to assemble (only two guided splicing) and rugged in construction. The single chip hybrid consists of a LiNbO3 and silicon substrate bonded together via a strain relieved interface. Optical paths and components are micro machined in substrates using surface diffusion and bulk micromachining. Detailed design, analysis of a potential PFOG including some hardware experiments will be performed in Phase I to demonstrate the feasibility of the gyro. The device has many defense and commercial applications. It can be used in the emerging munitions systems to sense the high rates and to improve their guidance and control.

NETWORK SENSING TECHNOLOGIES LLC P.O. Box 268 Crestview, FL 32536
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(850) 496-4731 Mr. Michael Chaloupka AF 07-218 Awarded: 14JUN07
Title:	Network-Centric Warfare Radio-Frequency (RF) Real-Time Hardware-In-the-Loop (HITL) Synthetic Battlespace Research Capabilities/Technologies
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed effort is to perform the research necessary to develop generic system of systems (SoS) hardware-in-the-loop (HITL) interfaces for evaluation of early warning receiver (EWR) geolocation technologies with respect to network centric warfare (NCW) connectivity. NST presents innovative interface connectivity and real-time test technologies necessary to support laboratory testing of Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD) network enabled sensors and electronic combat systems in synthetic battlespace environments. NST proposes a Real-Time NCW Evaluation Test System (RTNETs) to achieve a reconfigurable, multi-terminal network to interface single / multiship RF stimulators, GPS RF simulators, advanced geolocation receivers and high fidelity platform avionics navigation systems (fighters, UAVs) including network-centric warfare interfaces to platform and weapon data links with emphasis on single and multiship geolocation testing. The proposed research will address the HITL transition and application to low cost weapons of opportunity utilizing advance third party targeting techniques. Issues regarding multiship geolocation receiver test mechanization, network timing, latencies, trajectories, multiple platform position handoff errors and data link / messages will be addressed as well as proposed test environment changes. Ultimately, the resulting research will support concept demonstrations necessary to test interfaces prior to flight testing.

KYMA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 8829 Midway West Road Raleigh, NC 27617
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 789-8880 Dr. Drew Hanser AF 07-223 Awarded: 08JUN07
Title:	Homoepitaxial GaN-based Devices for RF Electronics
Abstract:	In this Phase I proposal, Kyma Technologies will examine the epi properties and device performance of homoepitaxial GaN-based device layers grown on semi-insulating GaN substrates, targeting metrics that will help characterize performance at high frequency and correlating device performance with material properties. High frequency GaN devices will theoretically benefit from a lower dislocation density through improved thermal performance and improved dispersion performance. Device performance improvements will target high efficiency and bandwidth at high frequency, and the Phase I effort will assess the feasibility of the approach by measuring initial device performance and showing trends for high frequency device performance.

OPTRON SYSTEMS, INC. 3 Preston Court Bedford, MA 01730
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 275-3100 Dr. Travis Simpkins AF 07-224 Awarded: 14JUN07
Title:	Continuous No-print-through Bipolar Phase-Sheet Wavefront Corrector
Abstract:	The goal of this SBIR Phase I program is to demonstrate the feasibility of a low-cost, large-bipolar-stroke, high-resolution, VLSI-chip-driven, continuous phase-sheet deformable mirror (with no support-posts) for adaptive-optics wavefront correction for below-the-weather unmanned aerial vehicle satellite communications systems. The proposed device architecture integrates a high-voltage VLSI driver chip with a free-standing reflective membrane-mirror sheet with no support posts, so that the possibility of print through from support posts is eliminated. This MEMS-on VLSI design approach is expected to lead to compact, low-cost, low-weight and low-electrical-power-consumption devices. The ultimate program goal is a device with 10,000 pixels, framing at 5 kHz and costing $5,000 in small quantities.

SEQUOIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4210 Padden Hills CT Bellingham, WA 98229
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 232-4300 Mr. Claus Danielson AF 07-224 Awarded: 04JUN07
Title:	Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)-Based Adaptive Optics Systems
Abstract:	Free-space laser communications is an important element of the Translation Communications initiative. However laser communication is inherently limited by atmospheric disturbances and other aberration sources that degrade the quality of the communication link. Adaptive optics systems can reduce signal degradation by rapidly measuring and compensating for these optical aberrations. Sequoia will develop an adaptive optics system for free-space laser comm. The system consist of four elements; the static optical system, the wavefront sensor, the wavefront actuator and the control algorithm. Sequoia will develop a custom adaptive optics control algorithm optimized for the laser communications application. Our advanced control methods directly optimize the signal-to-noise ratio of the communications signal rather than performing brute force phase-conjugation as is done in traditional image recovery adaptive optics control systems. This reduces the sensor requirements of the adaptive optics system resulting in reduced size, weight, and complexity of the overall system. Wavefront correction will be performed using a MEMS-based deformable mirror. MEMS mirrors are an inexpensive and compact alternative to piezoelectric mirrors. Sequoia Technologies will develop a deformable mirror actuator geometry that is optimized for the laser communications application. Pointing of the laser communication system will be performed using Sequoia's proprietary gyro-stabilized gimbal technology.

GITAM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 9782 Country Creek Way Dayton, OH 45458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 885-9767 Dr. William S. McCormick AF 07-231 Awarded: 16MAY07
Title:	Network-Centric Urban Vigilance
Abstract:	Air Force needs relatively low cost, real-time, and automated systems to continuously track, tag, and locate (TTL) dismounts and vehicles by employing multiple layers of surveillance and reconnaissance sensors operating in tandem at macro and close-in levels. In this proposal Gitam Technologies, Inc. (GTI) in collaboration with Prof. John Kerekes at Rochester Institute Technology (RIT) propose coordinated and queued sensing using Airborne and ground-based hyperspectral, EO and IR sensors for 24/7 monitoring and detection of ground objects. GTI's hyperspectral detect/ID/Track expertise joins forces with RIT researchers and leverage their ongoing hyperspectral and EO/IR airborne sensing, vehicle tracking and sensor modeling research. Both archived imagery and possible new collections will provide data for algorithm development and testing under this proposed research. In addition, DIRSIG simulated imagery will be used to provide test data with precisely known truth. The real and synthetic data sets include urban scenarios with specific vehicles in known truth locations and their movement tracked between images. Complementary high resolution EO imagery will be used in conjunction with lower resolution hyperspectral imagery to develop and test cueing concepts. Empirical analyses will also be further extended through use of the FASSP analytical modeling tool.

SET ASSOC. CORP. 1005 N. Glebe Rd., Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-5401 Dr. Ronald Dilsavor AF 07-231 Awarded: 25MAY07
Title:	Network-Centric Urban Vigilance
Abstract:	SET Corporation proposes to develop layered sensing concepts for tracking insurgents in urban scenarios. In particular, we develop joint cross-platform RF/EO-IR tracking concepts. RF sensor systems are being developed to track dismounts from ranges of 10km or more. Such radars use multiple along-track channels to suppress stationary clutter and may use multi-resolution waveforms to characterize dismount signatures in range and Doppler. A typical limitation of such standoff RF systems is cross-range location accuracy; a CEP90 > 15m is not uncommon. This leads to serious track ambiguities when several dismounts are traveling together. We explore the use of a closer-range video EO-IR platform, working cooperatively with the standoff RF platform in a layered sensing construct, to mitigate the RF cross-range location limitations. In particular, we consider a narrow field of view EO-IR video platform operating at ranges of 3km - 6km that can position itself so as to resolve, in angle, the dismounts that are range-doppler ambiguous to the RF platform. We formulate a joint cross-platform multi-hypothesis tracking framework in which the dismount state vector consists of both kinematic parameters and micro-doppler features. We estimate these features from both RF data and EO-IR video and use them to enhance tracker performance.

MRLETS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 616 Brookmeade Ct. Beavercreek, OH 45434
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 902-1434 Dr. Shan Cong AF 07-232 Awarded: 08MAY07
Title:	Integrated Fusion Performance Evaluation Theory and Applications
Abstract:	Currently the Air Force is seeking theoretic support for the evaluation effort on fusion based surveillance systems. This evaluation will not be limited to isolated tracking or ATR functions; rather it will cover all the fusion functions in a unified manner. MRLets Technologies proposes an integrated fusion performance evaluation theory as a solution to this request. As the framework of the integrated fusion evaluation, 24 possible fusion architectures are analyzed in order to formulate the distribution of fusion result. Based on this development, we propose to approximate the distribution of the fusion system under evaluation with a multi-mode fusion performance model. As part of the model, a Markovian Urban System Transition Model (MUSTM) is proposed to represent the dynamics in a fusion environment. Along this line, we also propose a novel multispectrum sensor model to represent the sensor suite operating on spreading wave bands. The proposed fusion performance model also enables a set of new performance metrics that are invariant in nature and can better illustrate the trend of the performance of a fusion system. The proposed evaluation theory will be implemented into a software package so that it can be integrated into the fusion evaluation systems and sensor information exploitation programs of the Air Force, such as SAVig and FITE.

BERRIEHILL RESEARCH CORP. 240 W. Elmwood Dr. , Ste. 1001 Dayton, OH 45459
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 435-1016 Dr. Jeffery A. Berrie AF 07-233 Awarded: 13JUN07
Title:	Efficiently Computing and/or Compensating for Object Variability for Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) Applications
Abstract:	Variability exists in all objects considered in ATR data sets. The two most important sources of this variability are (1) added or removed objects (example: object attached to the back of a tank) or (2) a part displaced relative to other parts, sometimes referred to as "articulation" (the classic example is a tank's moveable turret and gun). These can cause severe difficulties in comparing measured data from an operational system with computed data sets. The turret example provides the case in point: there are essentially an infinite number of combinations of turret rotations and gun angles; computed data sets to cover all angles and frequencies are simply out of the question. As the SBIR description outlines, the two approaches are to simplify the data set (somehow) or to alter the ATR algorithm itself to ignore or compensate for the variability. This SBIR program will examine both aspects, although the main focus will be on examination of data sets and computational techniques with an eye on simplifying the data generation process by ignoring all but the essential elements of the scattering to examine errors from "full" signatures.

SIGNAL INNOVATIONS 1009 Slater Road, Suite 200 Durham, NC 27703
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 323-3450 Mr. Jonathan Woodworth AF 07-233 Awarded: 05JUN07
Title:	Efficiently Computing and/or Compensating for Object Variability in Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) Applications
Abstract:	There are numerous targets of interest to the Air Force that may be manifested in many different forms. For example, many ground targets may be configured with or without particular subcomponents, and such subcomponents may also be situated in different locations on a given target. Moreover, the same target may appear differently to a radar as a function of specific articulations even when the same components are present. Target variability poses a significant challenge to current ATR systems, which may be addressed from two different perspectives: (i) the ATR algorithm may be designed to address such target variation by diminishing the importance of target details that are susceptible to change, or (ii) by yielding a database of sufficient diversity such that a trained algorithm is capable of addressing the variations in actual data. In the proposed Phase I research, SI will investigate both (i) and (ii), examining their relative merits. The issues associated with choosing between these two options, or perhaps merging components of each, motivate the research proposed here for Phase I. In Phase II we will pursue the appropriate balance of these two approaches based on AFRL input and results from Phase I.

GITAM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 9782 Country Creek Way Dayton, OH 45458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 422-7504 Dr. William S. McCormick AF 07-235 Awarded: 18MAY07
Title:	Advanced Signature-Matched Hyperspectral Change Detection
Abstract:	Gitam Technologies Inc. (GTI) in collaboration with Professor John Kerekes of Rochester Institute of Technology, propose to kernelize the Covariance Equalized Change Detection algorithm for Hyperspectral imagery. The primary focus will be to develop signature-based change detection with the capability to locate particular signatures in an observation scene, where prior knowledge about the target or the background is available from previous pass. Over the past decade, Kernel-based learning concepts have established as a powerful optimization tool when gaussian and linearity assumptions are invalid. In kernel-based methods, learning is implicitly performed in a high-dimensional feature space where high order correlation or nonlinearity within the data is exploited. The kernel concept has seen vast applications in wide variety of detection and recognition problems, including traditional detection and classification, change detection and anomaly change detection. However, although Covariance Equalized Change Detection (CECD) has seen several useful applications, the CECD concept has not been formalized within the Kernel framework. Hence, the main goal of this project is to study the effectiveness of the entire class of Kernels for CECD for HSI data. The Kernelization approach will be initially applied to the chronochrome algorithm and the covariance equalization algorithm both with and without matched filtering.

INNOVATIVE TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS, INC. 733 Bishop Street, 28th Floor Honolulu, HI 96813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 441-3640 Dr. G. Gina Ling AF 07-235 Awarded: 30MAY07
Title:	Advanced Signature-Matched Hyperspectral Change Detection
Abstract:	NovaSol is pleased to present a program to improve the utility and performance of existing and future hyperspectral reconnaissance sensors. The development of approach to signature-matched hyperspectral change detection will address the Air Force's specific interest in lowering false alarm rates while maintaining or increasing probability of detection. NovaSol's novel approach improves the existing state of the art in hyperspectral matched-filter change detection by directly targeting shortcomings in current covariance-based methods that have been identified by the military and research community. Use of simple data conditioning steps and a spectral distance based matched filter detection metric make our algorithm computationally efficient and amenable to implementation in low power and weight parallel processing hardware. In addition, by employing object-based change detection, the proposed algorithm will offer greater tolerance to image misregistration than currently deployed pixel-level subtraction schemes.

SOUTHWEST SCIENCES, INC. 1570 Pacheco Street, Suite E-11 Santa Fe, NM 87505
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 984-1322 Dr. Daniel J. Kane AF 07-237 Awarded: 2MAY07
Title:	Monolithic Quantum Dot Mode-Locked Laser for Arbitrary Waveform Generation
Abstract:	In the past, passively mode-locked semiconductor laser sources, which require no synchronization by external driver circuits, were greatly preferred for their simplicity, but were plagued with large timing jitter, > 10 ps that restricted their usefulness as short pulse devices. These passive devices also had limited power output in the pulses due to mode competition above threshold and non-linear gain effects. With the introduction of the quantum dot gain media to semiconductor lasers, the ability to tailor the active region to the passively mode-locked laser cavity and thereby produce a low threshold, low noise condition, has lead to superior performance and to a re-evaluation of the monolithic passively mode-locked semiconductor laser as an ultrashort pulse optical source. The challenges, however, for quantum dot mode-locked lasers are to identify fundamental limitations to the pulse width such as non-linear gain and dispersion and to make the operation more robust. In this Phase I SBIR, we will develop the tools required to move toward optimization of key device parameters. The ultimate goal is to develop the quantum dot mode-locked laser technology to the level where it is useable for an ultrashort pulse optical source for arbitrary waveform generation.

TANNER RESEARCH, INC. 825 S. Myrtle Ave. Monrovia, CA 91016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(626) 471-9700 Dr. Ravi Verma AF 07-239 Awarded: 04JUN07
Title:	High speed, high resolution foveating multispectral and polarimetric sensors
Abstract:	A high speed, high resolution sensor system capable of simultaneously providing spectral and polarization information would greatly enhance the ability to detect muzzle flash and other high speed events in the battlefield. Such a system requires successful integration of technologies for spectral filtering, and for high speed readout (among others). Here, we are proposing the use of Tanner's CRC technology & Nova's VASI technology. The technologies will be combined and integrated with other components to build the multispectral/polarimetric sensor system.

TECHNEST HOLDINGS, INC. 10411 Motor City Drive, Suite 650 Bethesda, MD 20817
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 767-2810 Dr. Steven Yi AF 07-239 Awarded: 18MAY07
Title:	Spatially Registered Multispectral Polarimetric Sensor
Abstract:	Funded through several Navy programs, Technest Holdings, Inc. (formerly Genex Technologies, Inc) has successfully developed mutispectral/hyperspectral imaging sensors for long range target tracking/classification and multi-modal wide FOV (Field of View) flash detection. Leveraging this experience, Technest proposes in this SBIR Phase I effort to develop an innovative, high frame rate, multiresolution/multispectral (visible and MWIR),and spatially registered polarimetric sensor called SmartEye for fast frame rate target classification and muzzle flash detection. SmartEye has modularly designed multispectral polarimetric optics, Technest's miniature DSP/FPGA sensor control, data processing hardware or SOS (Smart Optical Sensor), and a long life (>100K hours) cryocooler. Two other key elements of our system are the MWIR and visible foveal camera sensors. Foveal camera sensors, such as the ones from Nova Sensors, use biologically inspired multi-resolution sensing mechanisms. This is important because like human vision, foveal cameras reduce (through low resolution) the amount of irrelevant information such as unwanted background but keep high resolution imaging on the interested targets.

X-COM SYSTEMS 12345-B Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20191
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 390-1087 Mr. David Erisman AF 07-247 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	Wideband Radio Frequency (RF) Data Recorder and Playback System
Abstract:	X-COM Systems' proposed solution is a comprehensive system for data acquisition, storage and playback of wideband RF signals. This design utilizes advancements in FGPA technology, A/D, D/A, and storage circuitry to create a Wideband RF recorder with well-defined communication interfaces for three major subsystems - acquisition, storage and playback. Scalability is emphasized throughout the design to ensure that newer components derived from technological advances can be easily integrated. For time-critical, real-time functionality, dedicated hardware will be recommended over processor-intensive solutions with shared-bus architectures, which can throttle performance. X-COM's knowledge and experience from previous similar R&D efforts will be detailed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this innovative solution.

BLACK RIVER SYSTEMS CO., INC. 162 Genesee Street Utica, NY 13502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 732-7385 Mr. Walter Szczepanski AF 07-249 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Innovative Sensing Techniques for Urban Operations
Abstract:	Black River Systems Co., Inc. and EnerLab, Inc. propose to investigate and develop advanced signal processing techniques necessary for radar detection, imaging and characterization of dismounts in urban environments. We will investigate the feasibility of developing, testing, and implementing a conceptually new signal processing technique, Spatial-Temporal Differential Analysis, which will reliably detect weak, slowly moving targets and to extract unique characteristics in extremely hostile urban environments. This technique provides significant additional sensitivity, flexibility in bandwidth and polarization, and time occupancy benefits for existing GMTI radar systems, as well as for future distributed radar architectures. The developed technique will provide a rapid insertion capability into existing, stand-alone radars, including coarse resolution monopulse radars, featuring computationally efficient, parallel digital signal processing. The technique does not require changes to existing radar designs, utilizes existing A/D digital outputs, is considered as a complementary technique to existing radar signal processing and can be implemented in parallel with existing signal processing. Based on preliminary results, the STDA technique promises to be fully robust to a wide variety of environments. We propose a comprehensive program to analyze and model dismounts and to apply STDA techniques to ensure detection and characterization of their signatures in urban environments.

SIGNAL LABS, INC. 1950 Roland Clarke Place, Suite 120 Reston, VA 20191
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 391-9771 Dr. Braham Himed AF 07-249 Awarded: 29MAY07
Title:	Innovative Distributed Sensor Network System (DISENS) For Urban Operations
Abstract:	Traditionally, a network of distributed radar sensors, consisting of multiple radars netted through data communication links, is known for its capability to achieve enhanced performance in target detection and recognition via data combination or information fusion among the multiple spatially-separated sensors. This is because the multiple echoes from the same target are available for data processing at a central processing unit, which greatly enhances the available signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR). This in turn, improves considerably target detection probability and target recognition performance. In this effort, an innovative distributed multi-radar sensor system referred to as DIstributed SEnsor Network System (DISENS) will be developed. This sensor system will be able to maximize the number of echoes received from targets of very small cross sections such as dismounts. A DISENS consists of multiple netted identical pulse compression radar sensors, each of which uses a distinct coding waveform available from a bank of orthogonal coding waveforms. All radar sensors in a DISENS are assumed to operate at different carrier frequencies and are coordinated and controlled by a central processing unit referred to as the Central Processing Center. Each sensor in a DISENS can operate in a monostatic, bistatic, or multistatic mode.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda Blvd, Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 954-2210 Mr. Donald N. Woods AF 07-249 Awarded: 31MAR07
Title:	Innovative Sensing Techniques for Urban Operations
Abstract:	Algorithms will be generated to discriminate among humans, land animals and surface vehicles and to characterize dismount activities in advanced radar systems that can detect and track low RCS, slowly moving targets. These algorithms will utilize both micro-level features (e.g. Doppler spectra, short-time Fourier transforms, independent components and principal components) and macro-level features (e.g. movement pattern, speed, location, time of day). The algorithms will be designed to operate in waveform-agile radars and to exploit urban phenomena such as multipath reflections form surfaces such as flat walls. The algorithms will be developed using a mixture of data that: 1) has been identified and is available, 2) is being collected by TSC for DARPA with an ultra-high resolution radar, or 3) will be synthesized using TSC's commercially available Radar Image Generator software in conjunction with videos that characterize the size and kinesiology of humans and animals. The discrimination algorithms will be developed using Bayesian classifiers and neural networks. The algorithms will be designed for use in radars operating from UHF to Ka-band, and to work within each radar's parameters (e.g. signal-to-noise ratio, range and Doppler resolutions, target revisit time).

COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 766-1520 Mr. Neeraj Sinha AF 07-256 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Improving Weapons Bay Acoustical Environments
Abstract:	The F/A-22 main weapons bay experiences severe acoustic loading when exposed to the freestream. The severity and attenuation of this loading is exacerbated by the flight envelope of the F/A-22 aircraft, as well as the requirement to carry and release "smart" weapons throughout this envelope. This extremely harsh environment can also impact components that are mounted within the bay itself, including carriage stores that contain sensitive electronics and control surfaces. CRAFT Tech proposes the development and demonstration of a robust flow control strategy that effectively lowers the tonal and broadband dynamic loading of the F/A-22 main weapons bay, while minimizing additional aircraft weight. This strategy (referred to as the "Hybrid Acoustic Suppression") will employ flow control techniques applied to both the forward and aft portions of the bay, producing attenuation over the entire flight envelope and as the cavity characteristics switch between tonal and broadband. Phase I will involve technology maturation through high-resolution Large Eddy Simulation (LES), complemented by comprehensive wind tunnel testing with PIV flow visualization. The existing F/A-22 leading edge spoiler and aft wall ramp will serve as benchmarks from which acoustic benefit can be traded against any weight, cost, and/or aircraft/mission penalties.

DIGITAL FUSION 5030 Bradford Drive, Building 1, Suite 210 Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 327-8143 Dr. Robert Tramel AF 07-256 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Improving Weapons Bay Acoustical Environments
Abstract:	The ultimate aim of this program is to experimentally demonstrate the ability of a passive, light weight flow control device to successfully produce acceptable acoustic noise levels in the main cavity of the F/A-22 aircraft during a flight test. The goal of the Phase I effort is to perform both state of the art CFD analysis and complementary small-scale wind tunnel tests to assess the ability of a rod-in-crossflow (RIC) to perform this task. Phase II will build on these results and consist of analyses of both RIC and porous spoiler flow treatments on both subsonic and supersonic cavity flows.

FLIGHT SAFETY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1130 Ten Rod Road, Suite E102 North Kingstown, RI 02852
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 667-7254 Mr. Robert L. Cooperman AF 07-257 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Enhanced, All-Weather Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) Sense and Avoid (SAA)
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I proposal requests $99739 for Flight Safety Technologies, Inc. to investigate the feasibility and all-weather capability of a novel radar concept as an active, non-cooperative SAA sensor for UAVs. The concept radar, which we call Unicorn, is a narrow-band pulsed radar operating around a center frequency of 5.145 GHz in the aviation C-band, which has been approved for this developmental use by the FAA and FCC. In this proposed Phase I effort, we will perform concept and preliminary design trade-off studies to support application of the Unicorn architecture to the Global Hawk UAV as an all-weather sensor, while using existing field test data to validate the modeling and simulation tools used in the design effort.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5228 Dr. Alex Davydov AF 07-257 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Multi-functional Sensing Platform for UAV With Dual-polarization and Microphysics-based Hazard Monitoring
Abstract:	Intelligent Automation, Inc (IAI) and its subcontractor, the University of Oklahoma, Norman propose an innovative sensing platform, which employs an X-band airborne weather radar. This adds significant enhancement to existing airborne weather sensors in detecting-avoiding a broad range of external hazards, and an integrated L-band transponder for communications with cooperative aircrafts/ground stations. By incorporating a simple monopulse beamforming technique, the proposed system has capability of detecting both weather hazards and air-traffics while avoiding complicated antenna array architecture. By leveraging dual-polarized antenna and transceivers, the system is able to identify and classify the atmospheric hazard types (especially for hydrometeors); a capability has been proven critical for ground-based weather systems. Furthermore, the architecture is able to support cross-beam turbulence and windshear measurements, thus 2-D or 3-D wind-field with associated hazard identifications can be displayed to remote pilots.

DESIGN INTELLIGENCE, INC. 330 West Gray St., Suite 511 Norman, OK 73069
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(405) 307-0397 Mr. James Grimsley AF 07-258 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Energy Harvesting (EH) for Small Air Vehicles
Abstract:	Technological advances in energy harvesting (EH) offer significant benefits to powering micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) by extending mission length and range. Currently, batteries limit the range and mission time of MAVs since the batteries contain a finite supply of energy. The proposed research is unique in that it considers the use of multiple EH sources along with both batteries and supercapacitors to store energy. Supercapacitors represent a highly reversible storage mechanism and can be used for energy buffering, primary storage for low-power subsystems, and parallel operation with batteries to reduce peak current demands on batteries. The proposed power supply functions are isolated from other vehicle subsystems by the use of a separate energy-efficient supervisory power control system so that the duty cycles of other subsystems can be optimized based on mission needs and availability of energy. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is accomplished by efficient computational techniques so that maximum efficiency is obtained from the EH sources. The supervisory control system also directs EH sources to either recharging functions or to direct application of power to other subsystems. The proposed Phase I project will investigate the use of solar, power line inductance, and mechanical vibration as EH sources.

ORBITAL RESEARCH, INC. 4415 Euclid Avenue, Suite 500 Cleveland, OH 44103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 649-0399 Dr. Matthew Birch AF 07-258 Awarded: 10APR07
Title:	Energy Harvesting (EH) for Small Air Vehicles
Abstract:	Orbital Research will develop a tightly integrated photovoltaic cell and battery energy storage subsystem and flight test the system on a micro air vehicle (MAV). This energy harvesting (EH) technology, efficiently packaged, will also save weight by serving as a structural element of the MAV's airframe.. By using high efficiency photovoltaic cells packaged with high energy density batteries the mission capability of MAVs will be dramatically increased. A power management system will also be integrated into this structural package to manage the health of the system and to report on its condition to the MAV's global power management system. The EH system's tight integration of solar cells and batteries will provide enough added power to significantly extend the MAV's mission duration beyond the capability of batteries alone. Upon successful completion of this program, Orbital Research envisions the integrated photovoltaic cells, battery and power management will be a plug-and-play subsystem for multiple MAV platforms. Thus, MAV integrators will be able to include this technology into their MAV airframes to optimize power management and mission flexibility.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. Scott Morrison AF 07-258 Awarded: 10APR07
Title:	Innovative Energy Harvesting System for Micro-UAVs(1001-038)
Abstract:	Triton Systems, Inc. and its partners propose a lightweight, flexible, rugged, and modular energy harvesting power system for micro-UAV applications. This concept utilizes commercial, off-the-shelf technology and microprocessor-based power management to provide photovoltaic-based regenerative power for micro-UAVs in a `fly' and `perch' mission profile. In the Phase I, Triton will demonstrate the system in flight on a subscale platform. In the Phase II, Triton will work with our partner to produce a full-scale prototype of the power system and demonstrate its functionality.

AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP. 9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 225-4381 Dr. James Paduano AF 07-259 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Bio-Inspired Sensing and Hierarchical GN&C for Traversing Urban Clutter
Abstract:	Aurora proposes to develop a cluttered navigation and control solution, which uses specialized sensing and processing to provide commanded body rates, velocities, etc. to a traditional MAV inner-loop stability augmentation system, thus enabling the MAV to fly urban and other cluttered-environment missions. Three elements make up our approach: (1) Methods based on Wide-Field Integration (WFI) to enable vision-based negotiation through a near-field environment of relatively large obstacles, maintaining a path through the cluttered environment: (2) Active sensing of imminent collisions using bat-inspired echolocation sensors (ELS), and (3) Hierarchical application of behavioral and automaton-based navigation and maneuvering strategies. We believe our approach is the best combination of technologies and algorithms because (1) The components and algorithms have been proven suitable for low size, weight, and power applications; (2) robustness to sensor inaccuracies, environmental factors (wind, fog, leafless trees, etc.), and vehicle state deviations will be achieved through the complementary properties of the optical and acoustic devices; and (3) Aurora will take a system-level perspective, applying its vehicle integration expertise to focus the effort on an appropriate and balanced combination of technologies - weaknesses in one technology will be mitigated by overlapping capabilities.

TOYON RESEARCH CORP. 6800 Cortona Drive Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 968-6787 Dr. Kenan O. Ezal AF 07-259 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	System for Robust Navigation of Micro Air Vehicles
Abstract:	It is clear that autonomous navigation, guidance, and control of micro air vehicles (MAV) in cluttered environments while detecting and avoiding objects is highly challenging. MAVs and small unmanned aerial vehicles place severe size, weight, and power constraints on avionics and sensor payloads. Although current systems have collocated navigation, guidance and control electronics, they are not fully integrated for optimal navigation and control. Toyon proposes to develop a Software-Defined Navigation(TM) (SDN(TM)) system with Integrated Guidance and Control (IGC) specifically for small platforms. The integrated design will eliminate redundancy while improving robustness and performance. The plug-and-play SDN/IGC system will accept inputs from a variety of sensors including gyros, accelerometers, magnetometers, and several novel sensors currently under development at Toyon. These include a very small GPS-based attitude sensor, an ultrasonic ranging device, and an optical-flow sensor with reduced computational requirements. The system will provide robust guidance and control under disturbances such as wind gusts while enhancing the operational envelope under GPS-denied or jammed conditions. While ambitious, the proposed SDN/IGC system is realizable and will significantly improve the performance of small, autonomous platforms. Toyon will design the system during Phase I and build, test and demonstrate a prototype during the Phase II effort.

ARMADILLO AEROSPACE L.P. 18601 LBJ Freeway, Suite 460 Mesquite, TX 75150
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(214) 475-1360 Mr. Neil Milburn AF 07-260 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Hardware Component Prototyping for Operationally Responsive Space Access
Abstract:	Armadillo Aerospace has designed, built and flown a first generation rocket powered vehicle (The QUAD) that has demonstrated the core concepts of - rugged reliability, low cost of design and operation, rapid turn time and insensitivity to weather. This vehicle was flown at the X-Prize Cup 2006 in the NASA Centennial Challenge Lunar Lander competition and was the only vehicle to qualify. We believe that this core concept can be expanded in a modular design to accomplish a wide variety of tasks, up to and including small payload orbital insertion, and still retain all of these desirable features. However, there are numerous design choices to be evaluated in the light of high potential commercial applications that we have been made aware of. This Level I SBIR proposal details the concepts to be evaluated using this successfully demonstrated test bed as the basis for future vehicle designs.

NANOSONIC, INC. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 Mrs. A. Hill AF 07-260 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Hardware Component Prototyping for Operationally Responsive Space Access
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed Air Force SBIR program is to develop prototyping capability for the design integration of long length scale structural health monitoring (SHM) sensors with reusable launch vehicle (RLV) structures to enable quick analysis and turnaround. NanoSonic would work with Lockheed Martin to 1) design, fabricate and evaluate a spatially-integrating sensor that can operate from cryogenic to 450C, to detect damage caused by mechanically and thermally-induced changes in material and structural properties, and 2) analyze how such sensors can be designed as part of the RLV structure to reduce turnaround time. Changes in integrating sensor output are shown to be directly related to the reduction of the ability to support mechanical load. The sensing approach uses an integrating optical fiber sensor supported in an extended temperature polymer carrier appliqu� that may be integrated with or adhesively applied to the structure. The results of Phase I program would be 1) an integrating sensor capable of determining loss of material stiffness and withstanding the extended temperature environment, 2) support optics and electronics, and 3) experimental demonstration at the sensor on a structural test article. A complete sensor system would be delivered to AFRL during Phase I for additional evaluation.

XCOR AEROSPACE, INC. 1314 Flight Line, P.O. Box 1163 Mojave, CA 93502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(661) 824-4714 Mr. Dan DeLong AF 07-260 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Hardware Component Prototyping for Operationally Responsive Space Access
Abstract:	XCOR's proposal is to build and fly a rocket powered vehicle that will fly near space, and measure its operational responsiveness. We are proposing to build the simplest possible all-rocket powered vehicle that will get to 200,000 ft altitude and supersonic speeds. We plan to complete vehicle fabrication during Phases I and II with matching private investment money. This vehicle will build on a legacy of XCOR's previous private and government technology investments, including reusable liquid rocket engines that are capable of hundreds of restarts, piston propellant pumps, low cost highly reliable valves, rapid propellant filling techniques, and proven reliable ignition systems.

AVIONICS SPECIALTIES, INC. PO Box 6400 Charlottesville, VA 22906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 973-3311 Dr. Frank H. Gern AF 07-261 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Micro Air Vehicle(MAV) Flight Data Sensors for Practical Flow Control
Abstract:	The proposal investigates the use of an array of MEMS based artificial hair cell sensors (AHC) for flow detection. The output from the AHC array is processed through an artificial neural network (ANN) to perform airflow diagnostics and compute air data parameters. The proposed air data system uses artificial hair cell sensors as the primary air data source, mimicking the functionality of the hair cells on insect wings. Like the hair cell arrays on insect wings, an array of artificial hair cells will be used to detect the airflow on the MAV lifting surfaces. Similar to a biological nervous system, the raw signals of the AHC array are processed by the ANN to compute freestream dynamic pressure, angle of attack, and angle of sideslip. Together with the static reference pressure from a miniature pressure sensor, the complete set of air data parameters can be computed from this data. Due to its architecture, the proposed ADS will also be capable of detecting the development of laminar separation bubbles on the lifting surfaces and to provide suitable output for the operational flight program to suppress or preclude the development of an LSB.

NANOSONIC, INC. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 Mrs. A. Hill AF 07-261 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Micro Air Vehicle(MAV) Flight Data Sensors for Practical Flow Control
Abstract:	The purpose of the proposed Air Force Phase I SBIR program is to demonstrate the feasibility of ultra-lightweight conformal sensor elements and patterned arrays based on Metal RubberT gossamer nanocomposite materials. The small size, low weight, conformability and simplicity of these sensors make them suitable for MAV and other small vehicle applications. Metal RubberT is formed by the layer-by-layer self-assembly processing of advanced polymers with selected metal nanoclusters. This allows the combined control over multiple constitutive properties and mechanical transduction behaviors at the molecular level. By proper design, the Young's modulus and mass density may be made very low, and the electrical conductivity near the percolation threshold made very high. Such a combination allows the transduction of pressure-induced compression and skin friction-induced tangential strains into electrical signals. NanoSonic would use such novel, low weight materials to design, fabricate and evaluate the performance of conformal single-element and multi-element sensor pressure and skin friction sensor arrays. The conformal MEMS-type sensors would be evaluated through fundamental laboratory tests and airflow analysis during the Phase I program. NanoSonic has an Alliance Agreement with the Lockheed Martin Corporation and would work in cooperation with Lockheed Martin Aeronautics colleagues during Phase I and Phase II.

INNOVATIVE RESEARCH, INC. 3025 Harbor Lane N, Suite 300 Plymouth, MN 55447
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(763) 519-0105 Dr. Kanchan M. Kelkar AF 07-262 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Computational Modeling of Two-Phase Cooling Systems for Future Generation Electronics
Abstract:	The overall objective of the proposed research is to develop a comprehensive, efficient, and well-validated computational method for the prediction of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic performance of various types of two-phase cooling systems for next generation electronics. In order to address the unique features of two-phase systems, the computational method will use a novel two-level approach that involves a system-level solution with an embedded component-level calculation. The component-specific solution of the conservation equations subject to the prevailing inlet conditions and thermal boundary conditions will be used for determining the overall flow and thermal characteristics. The system-level solution will utilize these component characteristics along with mass balance constraints to predict the system performance in a generalized manner. Component models will be developed for Tube Flow components (such as finned-tube condensers, evaporators, cold plates, and microchannel heat sinks), Spray Cooled Devices, Compressors and Pumps, and Phase Separation Valves. The method will also address non-ideal fluid properties. The accuracy of the method will be validated with reference to experimental measurements. Phase I effort will demonstrate the feasibility of developing the computational method and its utility through its application to the analysis of practical Refrigeration and Microchannel-Heat-Sink-Based two-phase systems.

CLEAR SCIENCE CORP. PO Box 233, 663 Owego Hill Road Harford, NY 13784
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 844-9171 Dr. Henry A. Carlson AF 07-263 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Feedback Flow Control for a Three-Dimensional Turret
Abstract:	Clear Science Corp. proposes to design wind tunnel and computational experiments for testing feedback systems that control flow over a three-dimensional turret, motivated by the relationship between flow dynamics and the performance of an optical system housed in the turret. The closed-loop control system that will be developed in Phase I consists of a reduced-order model of the flow, measurement-based estimators, and control input-performance output algorithms and regulators that relate variables in the low-dimensional model to actuator inputs and the control objective. The measurement system will utilize a small array of sensors located on the turret to estimate the flow dynamics above the turret. Several representations of performance output will be evaluated beginning with direct relationships between flow dynamics and the low-dimensional model variables. A computational platform will be developed for designing control systems through control-in-the-loop CFD simulations. The experimental test design will consist of two stages: controller design through off-line data acquisition and control-in-the-loop wind tunnel runs. In the first stage, three-component Particle Image Velocimetry measurements and surface measurements will provide data for constructing the low-dimensional model and measurement-based estimator. In the second stage, the estimators, input-output algorithms, and regulators will be integrated into a command-and-control system for controlling flow over the three-dimensional turret in a series of wind tunnel tests.

SPECTRAL ENERGIES, LLC 2513 Pierce Ave Ames, IA 50010
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 286-5711 Dr. Magan Paciaroni AF 07-264 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Schlieren Based Seedless PIV for High Frequency Cavity Flow Control Applications in Large Scale Wind Tunnel Facilities
Abstract:	Flow control using high-frequency actuation to reduce acoustic and vibrational loading from weapons bays and sensor apertures requires a diagnostic approach that can capture instantaneous flowfield data at rates of several kHz. Moreover, large wind tunnel facilities suffer the difficulty that particle seeding is problematic for techniques such as Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV). The opportunity addressed by this proposal is that of extending a focused Schlieren "PIV" technique for high-speed imaging of density gradients and seedless velocimetry for studies of high-frequency flow control. Sharp-focusing optics will be employed to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving near-planar imaging of density gradients and velocity. Another important challenge that will be addressed in the current work is the extension of Schlieren "PIV" to non-turbulent freestream flows away from wall boundary layers and shear layers. This may be accomplished by combining Schlieren "PIV" with techniques such as jet injection or laser-energy deposition. Alternatively, plasma actuation for flow control would naturally lead to local density gradients that could be tracked using the proposed approach. Proof-of-concept shakedown tests will be performed in an axisymmetric helium jet and on the center-plane of a supersonic wind tunnel facility in preparation for studies of high-frequency actuation in Phase II.

INDUSTRIAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS, INC. 2760 Beverly Dr., #4 Aurora, IL 60502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 236-5901 Dr. Donald E. Yuhas AF 07-265 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Innovative Flight Instrumentation for Hypersonics
Abstract:	In this proposal we exploit the remote sensing attributes of ultrasound to non-intrusively measure temperature, transient temperature and heat flux in both insulating and metallic aeroshells. In previous work, we have demonstrated the capability to non-intrusively measure the local temperature at the inner surface of large caliber Navy guns using sensors attached to the external gun barrel surface (2.5" from the measurement point). In the proposed effort, we modify the measurement methods to apply to relevant aeroshell materials and configurations found in hypersonic flight. Analytical methods to accurately treat thermal transients and extract heat flux from the ultrasonic data are also developed. The ultrasonic methods are non-intrusive and do not require breeching the aeroshell. The ability to locate sensors on the interior surfaces removes the sensor from the chemically reactive environment of hypersonic airbreathing propulsion systems which allows operation of the test facilities at extreme temperatures. Acquisition of localized and instantaneous temperature data from previously inaccessible regions will improve the Air Force's ability to control, understand, and optimize hypersonic vehicle performance. The ability to perform such measurements without breeching the interior or exterior surfaces of hypersonic vehicles is critical for flight vehicles.

ACREE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1900 Bates Ave., Suite G Concord, CA 94520
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 798-5770 Dr. Mike McFarland AF 07-266 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Innovative Control Effectors for Common Aerovehicle (CAVs)
Abstract:	Acree Technologies Incorporated (ATI) has demonstrated the effectiveness of using an innovative Cathodic Arc Plasma Source (CAPS) to produce high-density plasma for control of supersonic air flow. ATI proposes to use its CAPS system for actuation on the Common Aero Vehicle (CAV). The purpose of this proposal is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using the CAPS to produce high-density plasma for active aerodynamic flight control for the CAV. The goal of the Phase-I is to design an efficient CAPS system and use computer modeling to determine the actuation effects within the speed range of interest, namely Mach 20 - Mach 4. In previous wind tunnel tests the CAPS system has demonstrated a greater than 100% pressure change at Mach 5. The Acree Technologies CAPS has set the standard for pressure changes in a supersonic flow. The CAPS system is light and robust with no moving parts. It is capable of being energized in a matter of microseconds compared to at least milliseconds for mechanical systems, which allows for increased accuracy of the CAV.

PHYSICS, MATERIALS & APPLIED MATH RESEARCH, L.L.C. 1665 E. 18th Street, Suite 112 Tucson, AZ 85719
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 903-2345 Dr. Kevin Kremeyer AF 07-266 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Energy Deposition to Sculpt Upstream Densities and Control Common Aerovehicle, Strongly Reducing Drag and Ablation
Abstract:	A versatile technique will be applied to preferentially reduce drag on different CAV designs, serving as an innovative approach to control effectors. Once air is accelerated by a high speed vehicle, strong drag forces are generated which must be countered by control surfaces. This requires tremendous actuator force and ablation resistance by the surfaces. Our approach will control the distribution of air ahead of the vehicle, to not only minimize the drag and ablation experienced by the CAV, but also to ensure that the drag forces steer the body as desired. This application allows additional embodiments, including total drag-reduction and munition deployment that can be explored in follow-on phases.

TECHNOLOGY IN BLACKSBURG, INC. 2901 Prosperity Rd Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 961-4401 Mr. Stephen Guillot AF 07-270 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Microphone Sensing of Fan Face Distortion
Abstract:	The use of Boundary Layer Ingesting (BLI) embedded engines offers a significant benefit to the performance of Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft in the form of decreased ram drag and increased propulsive efficiency. However, in order to realize the benefits of embedded engines, effective serpentine inlets must be designed to properly ingest the incoming boundary layer without creating excessive fan face distortion. The concept of using jet-type vortex generator arrays to manage the secondary flows in BLI serpentine inlets has been proven to be quite effective. However, in order to implement these flow control techniques in an active control system, an accurate and non-intrusive inlet distortion measurement technique must be available. The team of Techsburg, Inc. and AVEC, Inc. are proposing a novel, non-intrusive microphone based, inlet distortion sensing package that offers the potential to provide this capability. This technology will be tested in Techsburg's transonic, variable Reynolds number, BLI inlet test facility. As a final demonstration of the technology, the sensors will be incorporated into a closed-loop flow control scheme. In addition to the microphone sensors, the control package will include a PID controller and an array of vortex generator jets previously developed by Techsburg to control distortion.

SPACE PHOTONICS, INC. 700 Research Center Blvd. Fayetteville, AR 72701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(479) 251-8229 Dr. Terry Tidwell AF 07-276 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Geolocation and Attitude Determination from Laser Communication Systems
Abstract:	To realize the benefits of formation flying multi-spacecraft clusters, four key elements must be present: 1. Broadband inter-spacecraft communications to enable the transport of high resolution sensor data. 2. Precision inter-spacecraft timing synchronization to enable precise multi-sensor sampling throughout the cluster. 3. Precision inter-spacecraft relative range to enable the determination of spacecraft and sensor spacing within the cluster. 4. Precision inter-spacecraft relative position and attitude determination to enable geolocation of cluster craft and sensor planes. An inter-spacecraft laser communications network is the only integrated subsystem that can provide all four of these key elements. The proposed SBIR Phase I effort will leverage several existing SPI programs to extend the resulting models, analyses, and designs beyond the normal scope of a Phase I effort, and--should a follow-on Phase II be awarded--produce fully-functional prototype hardware at a minimum cost. Space Photonics and its subcontractors will develop the analytical models, algorithms, calibration processes, and VHDL code for the inter-spacecraft ranging, timing synchronization and inter-spacecraft position and attitude determination; and will (sub-scale) demonstrate these functions in our gimbal-less, free space optical, lasercom testbed (LaserFirer testbed). However, the algorithms, calibration processes, and VHDL code developed for this SBIR Phase I program can be applied to any gimbaled or gimbal-less lasercom crosslink system. These functions can even be applied to RF crosslink systems (the RF implementation will suffer significant loss of inter-spacecraft position accuracy due to the larger RF beamwidths).

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics & Holography Division, 20600 Gramer Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Yunlu Zou AF 07-277 Awarded: 22MAR07
Title:	Polarization Diversity in situ Lidar for Cloud Particle Mapping
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for a cloud particle mapping system capable of measuring particles in place, to be used for designing better lasercom systems for transmission through atmospheric layers with cloud particles, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Polarization Diversity in situ lidar (PDI-LIDAR) system. This proposed system is based on polarization diversity coherent heterodyne detection implemented in a lidar. The key innovation in PDI-LIDAR, the use of intrinsically frequency-locking of optical local oscillator, will enable the system to overcome the limited sensitivity, FOV, dynamic range, laser power of current direct detection methods. Compact and power efficient, the PDI-LIDAR can be deployed on UAVs or balloons, to non-intrusively map the 3D distribution of cloud particles with large sample volumes for various types of clouds. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of PDI-LIDAR by designing, modeling, and assembling a laboratory prototype for cloud particle mapping. In Phase II POC plans to fabricate and demonstrate a prototype high sensitivity and high-dynamic-range in situ cloud lidar for cloud particle mapping to Air Force personnel.

STARFIRE INDUSTRIES, LLC 60 Hazelwood Drive Champaign, IL 61820
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 390-2784 Dr. Robert A. Stubbers AF 07-278 Awarded: 01JUN07
Title:	High-Efficiency Multi-Mode Power-Processing Units for Hall-Effect Thrusters Using Electronically-Adjustable Step-Up Transformers
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will address the technical and commercial feasibility of developing a dc-dc power processing unit with an electronically-adjustable step-up ratio (i.e. no moving parts) to achieve high conversion efficiencies (>94%) over a broad range of operating voltages (100-800V) and power levels (2-10kW). Plasma propulsion systems with dual-mode capability are currently under development for: (1) the ability to rapidly perform orbital transfers for protection and satellite repositioning, and (2) high propellant utilization for station keeping and attitude control. In order to become cost effective, a flexible power processing unit that can operate across a broad range, while remaining small in both size and volume (<3kg/kW), is needed. Starfire Industries has been researching Hall thruster technologies with improved efficiency, robust modeling capability and also new techniques for multi-mode operation across voltage ranges from 100-800V. Thus, Starfire is well aware of the needed capabilities and system requirements and is ideally suited for conducting additional research into PPU subsystem design. This SBIR proposal will explore the intellectual merit of the novel adjustable dc-dc converter concept and quantify its impacts on satellite design, mission planning, and overall cost. If successful, the broadband dc-dc converter could enable high-performance systems with significantly lower launch costs.

COMPUTER OPTICS, INC. 120 Derry Road, P.O.Box 7 Hudson, NH 03051
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 889-2116 Dr. Jonathan S. Kane AF 07-280 Awarded: 02MAY07
Title:	Wide-Field-of-View Collection Optics for Infrared Surveillance from Geosynchronous Orbit
Abstract:	Computer Optics Inc proposes to leverage its existing technology portfolio towards producing a lens for a 10 year mission into geosynchronous orbit.

SURFACE OPTICS CORP. 11555 Rancho Bernardo Road San Diego, CA 92127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 675-7404 Mr. Mark S. Dombrowski AF 07-280 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Wide-Field-of-View Collection Optics for Infrared Surveillance from Geosynchronous Orbit
Abstract:	A program to develop a dual-band SWIR/MWIR wide-field-of-view optical system for use in space-based surveillance systems is proposed. The proposed Dual-Band Infrared Detection System (D-BIDS) builds upon Surface Optics�� real-time multi-spectral and hyperspectral imaging activities, including the DuoChrome SWIR/MWIR imager, QuadraChrome 4-band wide-FOV threat sensor, and the Multi-band Identification and Discrimination Imaging Spectroradiometer (MIDIS). Providing a 20�X field of view and capable of supporting a 4K x 4K focal plane with 18 �Ym pixels, this optical system provides full-earth viewing from geosynchronous orbit. The design also allows for additional spectral bands with reduced spatial resolution. For example, eight spectral bands can be provided with a 2K x 2K spatial resolution. Active exclusion of arbitrary numbers of bright objects (sun, sun glint, fires, flares, etc) is also incorporated into the system. Based upon requirements for simultaneous SWIR/MWIR imaging over a 20�X FOV, SOC will conduct a preliminary design of the D-BIDS optical system. Continuing work under Phase II will produce the optical system, ready for integration with a large format FPA. The proposed effort represents an extension of Surface Optics�� 16 years experience in multispectral and hyperspectral imager design. By building on Surface Optics Corporation��s experience in multispectral and hyperspectral imaging system development, sensor development, and algorithm development, the proposed program will produce a new sensor system which will greatly augment space-based surveillance systems such as SBIRS

ARETE ASSOC. P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 501-2880 Dr. Douglas Twisselmann AF 07-282 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Advanced Space Radar Algorithm Suite for Detection, Tracking, and Characterization
Abstract:	For the Space Radar system, the ability to detect, track, and characterize targets of interest, whether stationary or moving, is of critical importance. Operational performance and functionality in open ocean, littoral, and ground environments can be significantly enhanced in these areas by developing advanced signal processing techniques that go beyond the current state of the art. Aret� Associates possesses a set of such algorithms which, under this proposal, will be brought together to improve detections in Space Radar applications while simultaneously providing for target imaging and characterization. These algorithms have been shown to be the optimal signal processing approach and will enable exploitation of the data on three key radar time scales - fast time (speed of light pulse roundtrip time - translates to range estimation), slow time (intra-CPI pulse-to-pulse separation - translates to line-of-sight Doppler frequency), and very slow time (CPI-to-CPI separation - translates to kinematic motion.)

INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABORATORIES, INC. 10070 Barnes Canyon Road San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 880-3159 Mr. Jamie Bergin AF 07-282 Awarded: 28MAR07
Title:	Space Radar Signal Processing Algorithms
Abstract:	Space radar offers the potential for all-weather day-night persistent detection of surface targets over the entire earth. For space radar to achieve its true potential, however, advances in radar signal processing will be required that address various issues associated with operating over a wide range of clutter environments including land, littoral, and open-ocean. The goal of the proposed research is to develop a suite of signal processing algorithms that meet the SMTI mission requirements for space radar across all of these environments.

APPLIED OPTIMIZATION, INC. 714 E Monument Ave, Ste 204 Dayton, OH 45402
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 431-5100 Dr. Anil Chaudhary AF 07-283 Awarded: 19MAR07
Title:	Unresolved Resident Space Object Characterization Using Time-Frequency Analysis
Abstract:	Applied Optimization, Inc., in working with Boeing-LTS and Space Dynamics Laboratory, proposes to demonstrate that full-feature characterization of small and faint unknown RSO in real-time is feasible by using the spectral-temporal features of its signature. Time-resolved spectrometer data in the visible or infrared will be considered as the input. In addition to enhancing existing methods for RSO classification and characterization, we propose to identify new time-frequency methods based on the use of Radon transform and convex inversion techniques. Utility of a data catalog for RSO time-frequency behavior will be demonstrated by the comparing the ability for RSO characterization and anomaly detection with and without the use of the catalog. A verification plan will be prepared using historical data, leveraging RSO observations from other USAF programs, and new data collections.

ATMOSPHERIC & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, INC. 131 Hartwell Avenue Lexington, MA 02421
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 761-2288 Mr. Charles Carrano AF 07-283 Awarded: 30MAR07
Title:	Unresolved Resident Space Object (RSO) Characterization Using Time-Frequency Analysis
Abstract:	Defense of U.S. space assets depends on the successful detection and monitoring of potential threats, including the ability to recognize abnormal spacecraft activities. Although work has been done in this area using resolved images from ground- and space-based sensors, methodologies to characterize unresolved resident space objects (RSO) have received little attention. We propose to develop techniques using both one- and two-dimensional wavelet analyses applied to time series of sensor data to allow the characterization and cataloging of RSO. The advantage of wavelet analysis is that it provides a measurement of the local frequency content of the signal or image. This property allows us to characterize the normal operations of the RSO and to detect rapid changes in the intensity signatures caused by orbit and attitude maneuvers, microsatellite deployment, and stealth operations. We will generate simulated observational data sets for a variety of high-interest, unresolved RSO scenarios and convolve these with an appropriate sensor effects model. We will demonstrate the effectiveness of our wavelet algorithms, using both the spatial 2-D intensity distributions from the images and the temporal 1-D intensity light curves, for the characterization and cataloging of the unresolved RSO.

SPECTRAL SCIENCES, INC. 4 Fourth Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-4770 Mr. Timothy Perkins AF 07-283 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	Spectral Power Estimation and Characterization of Unresolved Resident Space Objects
Abstract:	Part of the Air Force space situational awareness mission includes the characterization, identification and real-time tracking of man-made resident space objects (RSO) orbiting the earth. Even with space-based observation, geostationary satellites will be dim and unresolved against a cluttered star or earth limb background. It is critical, therefore, to develop techniques specialized for these conditions. The key required elements include special-purpose time series analysis, a signature database, and physical radiance modeling. For this situation, an extensive database of model signatures is necessary to detect the spectral features of a measured signal and relate them to real physical characteristics. Radiometric accuracy is necessary to generate an effective RSO catalog for target ID and assessment. Spectral Sciences, Inc. proposes an innovative, real-time satellite identification and characterization algorithm based on digital spectral analysis of passive multi/hyperspectral VIS/IR observations of dim and unresolved RSOs. A key innovation of the proposed Spectral Power Estimation and Characterization of Transient Radiance Events (SPECTRE) algorithm is the use of a fast, proven target signature simulation code in conjunction with modern signal processing techniques. Through improvements in satellite identification and characterization, this proposed effort would enhance the overall Air Force SSA mission.

BUSEK CO., INC. 11 Tech Circle Natick, MA 01760
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 655-5565 Dr. James Szabo AF 07-284 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	ESPA On-orbit Maneuvering System (OMS)
Abstract:	Busek Co. Inc. proposes to develop a low-cost, multi-mode propulsion module that can be added to an EELV Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA), turning it into a self-propelled free flying spacecraft (S/C). This Orbit Maneuvering System (OMS) is enabled by the availability of Busek's high Isp electric propulsion technology. The baseline system includes four BHT-200 Hall Effect Thrusters (HETs) currently flying on TacSat2, a COTS hydrazine resistojet, and eight flight qualified hydrazine monopropellant thrusters for attitude control. This 800 W propulsion system can deliver deltaV >1000 m/s to a 500 kg S/C. Most or all of the deltaV is provided by the HET. Responsive, high thrust deltaV<300 m/s is provided by the resistojet and ACS thrusters. The proposed OMS is modular and scalable. A 1200 W version using a single BHT-1000 thruster could deliver deltaV >1000 m/s to a 1200 kg system. In Phase I, the propulsion system and OMS architecture will be defined and the selected system will be developed into a preliminary design. To assist, Busek will subcontract CSA Engineering, which builds the ESPA ring, and include MicroSat Systems Inc. in its integrated product team. In Phase II, MSI will be an explicit subcontractor to Busek.

MILLENNIUM SPACE SYSTEMS, INC. 3601 Aviation Blvd., Suite 3800 Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 727-5608 Mr. Vince Deno AF 07-284 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	Modular, Scalable Propulsion Module for ESPA-Based Satellite Dispensing Systems
Abstract:	In response to this engineering challenge, Millennium Space Systems (MSS) and its partners are pleased to present a proposal to develop an Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) based on the flight proven propulsion system and an AFRL Operationally Responsive Space Modular Bus avionics architecture. Our EELV Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) -based OMS design incorporates flight proven and reliable propulsion components into a common propulsion module provide a high performance and low risk propulsion solution. A utilitarian spacecraft bus based on flight-proven hardware and software provides a low risk solution at minimal non-recurring and recurring cost. Given the substantial body of technical design and experience we are able to offer meets or exceeds OMS requirements at a fraction of traditional satellite solution.

NAVSYS CORP. 14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 481-4877 Dr. Jacob Griesbach AF 07-284 Awarded: 20APR07
Title:	Modular, Scalable Propulsion Module for ESPA-Based Satellite Dispensing Systems
Abstract:	Current GPS technologies for satellite navigation are costly, heavy, and utilize high amount of power. This makes such systems difficult for microsatellites to support. Under this Phase I SBIR, we propose to develop a low-cost, low-weight, low-power GPS navigation system to support micro/nanosatellites. A key component of our solution involves our patented TIDGET based receiver design, which takes a brief snapshot of GPS data and powers off until the next position fix is desired. Also, we plan to implement our software defined radio (SDR) GPS waveform technology to process the recorded snapshots onboard using the existing avionics processor, or as an option, downlink the data, when convenient, for ground-based processing. An important aspect of the TIDGET is it's modular size, which allow multiple TIDGETs to be placed on the satellite shell for full GPS visibility and robustness to satellite spin. Under this Phase I SBIR, we propose to construct a prototype TIDGET receiver to collect representative simulated GPS RF data. The data will be processed via MATLAB for analysis. Furthermore, we propose to develop a Phase II design for possible follow-on development of a ruggidized, space-qualified TIDGET with embedded avionics processing for the ESPA module.

DATA FUSION & NEURAL NETWORKS 1643 Hemlock Wy Broomfield, CO 80020
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 469-9828 Dr. Christopher Bowman AF 07-286 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	Decision Support System for Defensive Counterspace
Abstract:	The DF&NN Team has the unique combination of technology and experience to develop an affordable automated decision-support-system that will improve the operator situation awareness and response decision making since it is the same Team that is delivering the JSpOC real-time SSA capability under CP-3. The Team will apply the DNN DF&RM technical architecture to provide affordable and extendable DCS response capabilities. This effort will provide a resource management capability demonstration that will be installed on the AFRL/VS laptop now being used to give the CP-3 level 0/1/2 fusion demonstrations. The RM role optimization task will select the specific RM role to be demonstrated where the baseline is for improving ALPS-related 22 SOPS operational capability with considerations for the following alternative capability demonstrations depending upon RM data availability and demonstration utility: . JSpOC Operations Decision Aids for SCC operations, level 2/3 fusion process refinement, net-centric adjudication of SSA picture for distributed consistency, modifying communications roles, relevant data collection, space environment alerting, and visualization knowledge management. . SOC-96 Operations Decision Aids for improving DSCS or DSP space operations by satellite mode changes, satellite maneuvering, sensor cueing, and mission modifications . AFRL Responsive Space Testbed (RST) for improving RST resource operations at AFRL.

DESIGN_NET ENGINEERING LLC 10311 Hampden Ave. Suite A107 Lakewood, CO 80227
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 462-0096 Mr. Wayne Boncyk AF 07-286 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Data Processing and Storage for PnP Spacecraft
Abstract:	Design_Net Engineering will develop an "Application Configurable Radiation Hardened Processor/Memory Node" for use in high end control, sensor processing, and sensor fusion applications. DNet will build on an existing design developed under other MDA and AFRL contracts, add the Wafer Scale Signal Processor capable of Gflop/watt performance to our Modular Reconfigurable Avionics (MRA) system and create an extended memory module to act as data storage in the system. The unit is compatible with the newly developed SPA interface standards for Plug-n-Play avionics and will be flight qualified as part of the PnPSat program. At the end of Phase II DNet will have built a flight ready unit, available to the AFRL PnP technology satellite test program. Once flown in PnPSat the processor/memory node will be ready for use in real world applications for ORS. The product is unique in its use of state of the art components, in its compactness, its ready configurability, and its ability to adapt to both highly DSP intensive processes, and high-end control applications or Command and Data Handling (C&DH) work.

DESIGN_NET ENGINEERING LLC 10311 Hampden Ave. Suite A107 Lakewood, CO 80227
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 462-0096 Mr. Gerry Murphy AF 07-286 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Power Management for PnP Spacecraft
Abstract:	This research work will produce an innovative Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) system design that can support both heritage satellite components and the new power compatible plug-and-play (PnP) methodology. The proposed PMAD system design will support a significant range of power requirements for satellites with fewer power switches, fewer current monitors and simpler hierarchical management. In addition, a sophisticated simulation tool will be developed to assist design engineers at the AFRL Testbed with component selection, confirm power system is sized correctly and mission requirements are met. Anticipated benefits of PMAD system are reduced design time, simpler integration, rapid mission configuration, more autonomous operation, and reduced mission operations as well as decreased cost and schedule. This study will define standards for both PMAD and PnP power components to assure compatibility during integration, enhance mission and systems design tools, implement PnP power standards for xTEDS, develop a PMAD "smart" architecture design that supports the PnP principle and the power management tools that allow autonomous on-orbit operation, as well as demonstrate utility and efficacy of those tools with "day in the life" simulations and provide a mature design for a prototype flight-like device for Phase II efforts.

DESIGN_NET ENGINEERING LLC 10311 Hampden Ave. Suite A107 Lakewood, CO 80227
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 462-0096 Dr. Ken Center AF 07-286 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	Applying New Approaches in Platform Autonomy to Satellite Protection for Defensive Counterspace
Abstract:	Developing a more efficient and capable decision support system for defensive counterspace can be accomplished in part by implementing several core capabilities at the space platform level. Threat detection, identification, and response implemented in autonomy on individual spacecraft allows each member of a constellation to participate in a distributed network, and the use of higher-powered processing on-orbit allows lower level signal fusion (and even higher level fusion with coordinated data exchanged on the space-space link between satellites) to be conducted without the latencies incurred by ground contact opportunities - thus improving space situational awareness. Our current work with AFRL has led to the development of data-centric software techniques and configuration tools that facilitate the rapid assembly of modular spacecraft assets to provide desired operational capability. These capabilities embody the Space Plug&play Avionics (SPA) standards designed to facilitate rapid call-up of tactical space capability. We will extend these tools and develop code and algorithms to implement a satellite "protection agent" to demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach. The core architecture and applicable numeric engines of the demonstrated autonomy framework will be migrated toward higher level fusion and decision support at the space operations center as part of phase II efforts.

PRINCETON SATELLITE SYSTEMS 33 Witherspoon Street Princeton, NJ 08542
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 279-9606 Ms. Stephanie Thomas AF 07-286 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	Model Based Decision Support System for Defensive Counterspace
Abstract:	Defensive counter space requires spacecraft operators to make decisions based on remotely collected data in rapidly evolving situations. This proposal is for an innovative model-based automated resource management system that combines data, both raw and processed through data fusion algorithms, in an evolving model based framework. Emphasis is placed on stealth threats when an opponent tries to mimic spacecraft failures. The model based framework both gives operators physical intuition into the dynamical system and also helps them evaluate the incoming data to facilitate decision making and reduce response time. The framework is presented graphically to the operators through a variety of tools designed to speed situational awareness, leveraging PSS experience in satellite operations and their newly developed data visualization and command application, VisualCommander. The Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) will be used as a basis for the numerical models. The UKF employs a full nonlinear simulation of the spacecraft, spacecraft subsystem, threat spacecraft or other system and updates the state and parameters using telemetry data. In this way the parameters and states are tuned to the operating spacecraft. Phase I will result in a working prototype of resource management tools for JDL Levels 0 and 1.

MEVICON, INC. 1121 San Antonio Rd, Suite B-100-B Palo Alto, CA 94303
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 965-4912 Mr. Eric M. Flint AF 07-287 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	Distributed, Low Impact, Solid State Actuated, Curvature Stiffened Thin Film Louvers Upgrade to Harden Solar Arrays
Abstract:	This proposal is targeted at providing innovative near term transitionable methods of hardening solar arrays from hostile beamed energy threats through the use of curvature stiffened, space heritage thin film based, solid state actuatable shutters to control reflectivity in a time dependent manner. The concept builds on Mevicon Inc's actuator design heritage and "Strength Through Curvature" concepts, and team partner ATK-SpaceSystems-Goleta expertise in deployable solar array panel hardware (the patented flight-tested CellSaver concept in particular). When not in use reflecting/blocking light, the louver can function in standard CellSaver concentrator mode thereby delivering significant cost savings for the same power level inherent in the CellSaver approach. In the Phase I we will refine system level analysis to derive threat assessment driven requirements to impose on the combined CellSaver/louver design, perform detailed component architecture, material, and actuator studies, perform critical path experimental tests to validate behavior and close with a detailed point design. This prepares the way for a PII focused on protoflight hardware development and the subsequent PII/PIII transition to flight demonstration opportunities. The potential likelihood of this transition occurring is indicated by the interest and teaming of a leading deployable solar array system integrator, ATK, in this PI effort.

CSA ENGINEERING, INC. 2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 323-4900 Mr. Gregory V. Mehle AF 07-288 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	Structural Attachments for Rapid Assembly of Satellites
Abstract:	The objective of this study is to develop low cost, modular, multi-functional, primary spacecraft structures using a "plywood and two-by-four" approach for rapid assembly. These structures are comprised of aluminum facesheet/honeycomb-core sandwich panels (plywood) bonded to aluminum extrusions (two-by-four). The structures require simple hand tools to assemble and leverage nomograph based design guides for the required structural/thermal sizing for rapid response missions. The flat sandwich panels are integrated into hexagonal (box) structures by using basic extruded shapes which are structural connections between panels. This approach allows open architecture structural designs with scalable sizing. The bonded assemblies include fastening hard points for attachment of flight sensor payloads (200kg class) and supporting subsystems. Since these structures are aluminum the basic assembly provides inherent damage robustness; EMI and radiation hardened capability; and allows for multiple levels of thermal management. These thermal management levels are: - The basic thermal continuity of the bonded aluminum panels and extrusions - Easily added custom heat straps to augment thermal paths within the bonded the assembly or at attached components - Direct interfacing to heat pipes at the mechanical hard points of the attached components. This study targets Air Force warfighter missions with satellite build processing within 8 hours.

HONEYBEE ROBOTICS 460 West 34th Street New York, NY 10001
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(646) 459-7806 Mr. Roopnarine AF 07-288 Awarded: 09APR07
Title:	Structural Attachments for Rapid Assembly of Satellites
Abstract:	A goal of the Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) thrust is to enable turn around of a tactical satellite within six days, from mission call-up to on-orbit operation. The ability to produce such a spacecraft would be a vast departure from the norm of large, complex, costly custom spacecraft that require a period of years to deploy. Considerable attention has been paid to modular architectures for standardizing spacecraft. Honeybee Robotics Spacecraft Mechanisms Corporation, in partnership with leading small spacecraft provider AeroAstro, proposes to develop a rapid assembly system for the quick completion of structural, electrical, and thermal connections between modular satellite panels. The system will build upon Honeybee's patented "Quick Insertion Nut" fastening technology, which has the benefit of being similar to the standard bolted joint typically used in the aerospace industry. The system will enable reduced satellite build time, and will facilitate the rapid assembly and disassembly of panels to keep pace with the possibility of changing mission requirements. The proposed Phase 1 effort will include requirements derivation, concept development, detailed design and analysis, and iterative breadboarding and demonstration testing. The demonstration will consist of assembling and subsequently disassembling 3 panels with the attachment mechanism to form a representative "corner" of a spacecraft and verify electrical and thermal continuity across the joint. This breadboard will demonstrate the feasibility of the attachment concept itself for fit, speed and ease of assembly and disassembly, stiffness, and electrical and thermal connection.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Mr. Paul G. Gonsalves AF 07-289 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	Market-based Optimization of Space Sensors (MOSS)
Abstract:	Future space-based sensors have more complex data processing requirements and thus need more efficient sensor management tools to ensure their effective operation. Moreover, the dynamic, real-time nature of the domain requires a solution capable of adaptive scheduling. Here, we propose a system that treats the sensor system as a whole, including the network resources and computational power that support sensor tasks. Our market-based optimization approach applies solutions from economic theory, particularly game theory, to the resource allocation problem by creating an artificial market for sensor information and computational resources. Intelligent agents are the buyers and sellers in this market, and they represent all the elements of the sensor network, from sensors to sensor platforms to computational resources. These agents interact based on a negotiation mechanism that determines their bidding strategies. This negotiation mechanism and the agents' bidding strategies are based on game theory, and they are designed so that the aggregate result of the multi-agent negotiation process is a market in competitive equilibrium, which guarantees an optimal allocation of resources throughout the sensor network. This approach was chosen in large part for its superior computational efficiency, based on the mathematical foundations of economic theory.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Adel El_Fallah AF 07-289 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Optimal Joint Search and Sensor Management
Abstract:	Sensor management of disparate sensors presents a daunting theoretical and practical challenge. Scientific Systems Company, Inc. of Woburn MA and its subcontractor, Lockheed Martin MS2 Tactical Systems (LMTS) of Eagan MN, propose a foundational, control-theoretic approach to sensor management that draws upon basic research previously completed by us for AFOSR. It is based on four innovations: (1) a multisensor-multitarget likelihood function that encapsulates all relevant information regarding the characteristics of the various sensors; (2) a "dynamic situational significance map" that mathematically specifies the meaning of "tactical significance" for a given theater at a given moment; (3) an intuitively meaningful and potentially computationally tractable objective function, namely the expected number of targets of interest (ToIs); and (4) integration of these two concepts with approximate multitarget filters (multitarget-moment filters and multi-hypothesis correlator (MHC) engines). Specific Phase I tasks are (1) determine the unique sensing characteristics of various EO/IR sensors; (2) develop the necessary theoretical extensions; (3) develop the necessary computational approximations; (4) implement a concept-feasibility prototype algorithm; (5) test this algorithm in simulated, reduced-complexity scenarios; and (6) develop a detailed plan for further analysis and implementation in a Phase II effort. Phase II will emphasize development of a prototype sensor management algorithm to be tested using real data. The project team includes Dr. Ronald Mahler of Lockheed Martin. Lockheed Martin will provide both technical and commercialization support in the application of sensor management technologies during all phases of the project.

ALO, INC. 17 Whispering Lane Weston, MA 02493
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 358-3570 Mr. James L. Tom AF 07-290 Awarded: 30MAR07
Title:	Advanced Ionospheric Monitor using a High-sensitivity Imager (AIM-HI)
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to conduct a detailed design study in Phase I for the next generation space-based FUV imaging sensors that will yield key ionospheric parameters necessary for use with the forecasting models. At the end of Phase I, the design of Advanced Ionospheric Monitor using a High-sensitivity Imager (AIM-HI) is expected to be matured to a point that an engineering model could be manufactured in Phase II. AIM-HI is a highly sensitive (higher than TIP), small (~5inx5inx10in), lightweight (~5Kg), modular (and flexible) sensor that demands very little spacecraft resources (~5 watts). We are aware of no other wide-field sensor that can perform narrow band imaging proposed by AIM-HI. It can easily be extended to other wavelengths for ionospheric and upper atmospheric remote sensing applications. The proposing team has over 70 years of combined experience with space instrumentation. Most of the experience centers around the detection, imaging, spectral analysis and modeling of very low light level UV emissions. The team is ideally suited to develop the miniature space based sensor for ionospheric and upper atmospheric remote monitoring.

ATMOSPHERIC & SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASSOC. 11118 Quail Pass San Antonio, TX 78249
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(210) 834-3475 Dr. Geoff Crowley AF 07-290 Awarded: 21MAY07
Title:	Advanced Miniature Optical Sensors for Space-Based Monitoring of the Ionosphere and Upper Atmosphere
Abstract:	As the Air Force moves toward the deployment of many smaller satellites, it would be useful to develop smaller versions of SSUSI and GUVI imagers to take advantage of these multiple platforms, so that global measurements could become an operational reality. The goal of the Phase I effort proposed here is to develop a concept and design for a low-cost, high sensitivity optical sensor to provide remote sensing of the ionosphere and/or upper atmosphere from space platforms. Our focus will be on developing a new UV spectrograph with the optical performance of GUVI or better, yet having significantly smaller mass, and power requirements, so that it can fly on nano-satellites or micros-satellites. The name of the new instrument is GUVI-Lite.

THE DESIGN KNOWLEDGE CO. 3100 Presidential Dr , Suite 103 Fairborn, OH 45324
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 427-4276 Dr. James McCracken AF 07-291 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	Data Fusion Visualization Development for OCS/DCS SSA Operations
Abstract:	We propose to develop an integrated visualization suite for analyzing large heterogeneous data sets generated by varying data fusion techniques; we base the approach on our existing STEED technology; we plan to extend its capability with additional interaction technology and adapt the visualizations to add offensive counter space and space situation awareness capability.

AEROASTRO, INC. 20145 Ashbrook Place Ashburn, VA 20147
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 798-2121 Mr. Jay Wilson AF 07-292 Awarded: 06APR07
Title:	New Sensing Capabilities for Space Situational Awareness
Abstract:	AeroAstro proposes to develop a wideband, broad area coverage RF sensor (antenna and receiver) capable of detecting the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated during a spacecraft's nominal operations. This EMI is an exploitable form of RF MASINT, specifically unintended radiated emissions (URE), and could provide useful information if detected, identified, and characterized. Development of a wideband RF sensor could allow detection of space objects and could cue or tip-off more capable imaging sensors for focused characterization. In addition to detecting presence, a wideband RF sensor could also be used to evaluate a spacecraft's health and on-orbit status and provide characterization information of its hardware, equipment, and components. AeroAstro's extensive research into terrestrial URE collection and our initial testing against actual spacecraft components has revealed that an effective small size, low weight, power, and cost space-qualified sensor could be developed and potentially integrated as a standard payload to future high value space assets or as an anomaly characterization payload on small microsat/nanosat class satellites.

QMAGIQ, LLC One Tara Boulevard, Suite 102 Nashua, NH 03062
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 821-3092 Dr. Mani Sundaram AF 07-292 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Sensitive Longwave Infrared Sensors Based on P-on-N Type-II Strained Layer Superlattices
Abstract:	We propose to develop high-sensitivity longwave (cutoff ~ 10-12 microns) infrared sensors for space situational awareness applications from Type-II InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattices (SLS). One novelty of our approach lies in using a P-on-N photodiode design (in contrast to the usual N-on-P) to leverage the excellent low-noise readout multiplexers available to drive P-on-N diode arrays. In Phase 1, we will develop material and passivation and measure their quality via test diode arrays that we will fabricate and test. Quality permitting, a companion 320x256 array will be hybridized to a readout, post-processed into a focal plane array (FPA), and tested for imaging performance. In Phase 2, we will further develop growth and processing with the aim of achieving FPAs with high quantum efficiency, low noise, and high pixel uniformity and operability. Several FPAs will be delivered.

AEROPHYSICS, INC. 30981 Woodbush Road Calumet, MI 49913
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(906) 370-2376 Dr. Alex Kieckhafer AF 07-293 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Semi-autonomous Local Space Imaging System
Abstract:	Aerophysics, together with subcontractor Raytheon Missile Systems, proposes to develop a Local Space Imaging System (LSIS) based on the proven AIM-9X Sidewinder missile gimbaled seeker. The LSIS will combine an AIM-9X-derived imager with an autonomous attitude determination system to provide pointing/tracking/imaging capability independent of host vehicle orientation and without interface with the host vehicle attitude control system. The LSIS instrument will employ a low-power, compact star tracker, sun sensor, and three-axis magnetometer to measure the instrument's inertial attitude. An on-board command and data handling subsystem will coordinate imager pointing and host vehicle data interface. The proposed development effort integrates proven technology in a low-mass, low-power, bolt-on sensor for defensive space situational awareness.

DIGITAL FUSION 5030 Bradford Drive, Building 1, Suite 210 Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 327-8169 Dr. Greg Finney AF 07-293 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Local Area Space Situational Awareness (SSA) Optical Sensor System for Satellites
Abstract:	Digital Fusion, Inc. (DFI) proposes to design a compact, lightweight space situational awareness (SSA) sensor using polarimetry as a novel sensing approach. Polarimetry has been shown to provide information on surface orientation and material classification. For SSA, it contributes to reduced data processing requirements to distinguish objects of interest from the background as well as provide important additional information about targets. The proposed effort involves improving the understanding of phenomenology of PI with respect to spacecraft materials, reviewing customer requirements and constraints relative to CONOPS, completing the development of an optical registration device to improve image quality, developing specifications, and completing a concept design for the sensor. The sensor is anticipated to use a novel off-axis parabolic reflector as the primary, significantly decreasing mass compared to a refractive objective. During Phase II, the concept design will be expanded to define the interface with the satellite bus, optimize the design for performance, and fabricate a flight-traceable prototype sensor.

IRVINE SENSORS CORP. 3001 Red Hill Avenue, Building #4-108 Costa Mesa, CA 92626
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 444-8826 Mr. James Justice AF 07-293 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Local Area Space Situational Awareness (SSA) Optical Sensor System for Satellites
Abstract:	Recent advances in SWIR fiber lasers, very high sensitivity, high bandwidth detector mosaics, high speed readouts to support mosaic detector arrays, and innovative scanning techniques for rapid search of large volumes can be combined to produce a local area space situation awareness sensor suite that can detect and identify space objects that are approaching US space assets. This concept employs two sensor installations on opposite faces of a satellite that can provide 4 Pi steradians of space observed out to a minimum of 10 km. A pair of sensors on each installation create a 270 degree fan that is 5 degrees wide. Mounting on a turning azimuth table rotates this fan thru 360 degrees and thus creates an over 2 Pi steradian search volume. The sensor installation searches this volume every two seconds. Resolution on an approaching target is 20 cm at the 10 km range. This concept has been called GEMINI. This Phase 1 effort will build a performance model for the GEMINI concept, will evaluate specific designs, and develop a manufacturing and test program plan which can lead to a high TRL level for this class of application.

K TECHNOLOGY CORP. 2000 West Cabot Blvd., Suite 150 Langhorne, PA 19047
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(631) 285-6580 Mr. Mark Montesano AF 07-294 Awarded: 18APR07
Title:	High Conductance Thermally Stable Panels and Structures
Abstract:	High conductivity materials, which minimize temperature gradients, can be designed as high efficiency lightweight radiators, conductive heat distribution panels, and other thermal management components. By increasing efficiency and reducing the complexity of thermal control systems, dramatic reductions in vehicle mass can be achieved. k Technology Corporation (kTC) has developed a family of high performance thermal management materials, named k-Core, with specific conductivity (k/density) values up to seven times that of aluminum (440 [W/mK]/[g/cm3] vs. 64 [W/mK]/[g/cm3]). Fielded k-Core material solutions are engineered to provide high conductance under the severe space environments. This material system is a highly conductive (>1000 W/mK) macro-composite comprised of annealed pyrolytic graphite (APG) encapsulated within an aluminum shell. APG is highly aligned crystalline graphite with an in-plane thermal conductivity of 1700 W/mK. This proposal offers an approach to expand the applications of this material through the development of materials and processes to enable the design and production of thin k-Core panels (< 0.5 mm). kTC will develop the technologies necessary to allow the affordable production of large thin (.5 to 1 mm) encapsulated APG panels with high APG thickness fractions (above 70%).

TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT & TRANSFER, INC. 133 Defense Highway, Suite 212 Annapolis, MD 21401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 987-8988 Mr. Walter Zimbeck AF 07-294 Awarded: 24MAY07
Title:	Satellite Modular and Reconfigurable Thermal System - SMARTS
Abstract:	To achieve the Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) goal of a "six-day" satellite, the traditional flight thermal design paradigm must be fundamentally changed. A drastically simpler paradigm must emerge that uses elemental (COTS-like) thermal control modules that can be rapidly and reliably linked to enable a wide range of missions irrespective of the satellite and the orbital environment. This proposal describes a generalized thermal control architecture consistent with smallsats that need to be conceived, configured, launched, and brought on-line very quickly. Our proposed architecture is called the Satellite Modular And Reconfigurable Thermal System (SMARTS). The Phase I effort will assess the requirements, select component options and develop an analytical methodology for evaluating thermal elements are preferred for different missions. Non-functional subscale models of SMARTS will be built and their rapid configurability demonstrated in Phase I.

APPLIED TECHNOLOGY ASSOC. 1300 Britt SE Albuquerque, NM 87123
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 853-6597 Dr. Bradley Ratliff AF 07-302 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Enhanced Star Tracker (EST)
Abstract:	Applied Technology Associates (ATA) proposes to develop an Enhanced Star Tracker (EST). This radiation hardened miniature star tracker will meet the key goals for accuracy in a compact package by combining the best of proven star tracker designs with the critical component and packaging advances necessary to reduce system radiation susceptibility. ATA has received a letter of support from Boeing Space and Intelligence Systems regarding the EST (see pg. 19). Current Air Force, MDA, and DoD applications require smaller, lighter, low-power, rugged, and radiation resistant star trackers as part of their IMU packages. Precision pointing of instruments requires a star tracker to update exact position periodically against the stellar reference frame. Ideally these star trackers accommodate multiple optical heads to ensure a continuous reference, yet are small enough to be coupled tightly to and move with the instrument. Radiation tolerance is also a key factor in these applications since they will be designed for long mission life operating in space regimes and missions exposed to severe radiation. The desired degradation in performance due to radiation exposure of all electronic components as well as the optical coatings of the star tracker subsystem should not exceed 30% after absorbing 300kRad(Si). The desired "End of Life" performance goal should provide inertial pointer measurement errors of less than one (1) arc-second.

MICROCOSM, INC. 4940 W. 147th St. Hawthorne, CA 90250
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 219-2700 Dr. James Wertz AF 07-302 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	High Accuracy, Radiation Hard Star Sensor
Abstract:	Based on an existing miniature star sensor called MicroMak currently in development, Microcosm will design a derivative star sensor with sub-arcsecond attitude accuracy, radiation tolerant to 300kRad, maintaining high performance for the life of the sensor. The high performance requirements demand a modified version of the baseline MicroMak design, including: 1) a larger optical head with greater aperture to detect dimmer stars, 2) smaller fields-of-view to yield higher inherent angular accuracy, 3) radiation-hardened focal plane arrays, 4) processing electronics suited for high radiation tolerance, and 5) structural modifications to minimize the total radiation dose impinging on electronic components, and to mitigate potential thermal distortion due to the increased size. The baseline MicroMak design incorporates inherent radiation-tolerant features such as all-reflective optics and CMOS focal planes. The proposed high performance sensor will build on current development efforts and provide a truly unique, high accuracy, long-life star sensor for systems requiring high accuracy and long life, applicable for both government and commercial systems. Phase I focuses on required design modifications to MicroMak. A key aspect of the work will include identifying appropriate electronics to meet the radiation requirements, and validating the modified larger design in terms of optical performance, and thermal considerations.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 582-0582 Dr. Ching-Fang Lin AF 07-303 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	Multi-Interceptors Multi-Targets (MIMT) Interception System Simulation
Abstract:	The U.S. Air Force is seeking innovative technologies to provide a simulation tool for multiple interceptors against multiple targets capable of executing random evasive maneuvers. In response AGNC proposes to develop and document innovative and comprehensive Multi-Interceptors Multi-Targets (MIMT) Interception System simulation tools incorporating: (1) Multiple Interceptors Cooperative Control Procedures involving realistic scenarios and models, robust decentralized multi-layer architecture for enhanced fault-tolerance, communications and resource management; (2) efficient computational schemes integrating planning of tasks and trajectories versus real-time demands and optimal solutions; (3) goals evaluation metrics; (4) evasive maneuvers evaluation against flight profiles, miss-distances, flight times, controls and g-load histories; (5) Interceptor Optimal Trajectory Shaping Guidance for Acquisition, Tracking and Endgame Strategy Approach. The Phase I research will result in identification and feasibility verification of the most challenging components. Phase II will culminate in a fully functional working prototype.

BARRON ASSOC., INC. 1410 Sachem Place, Suite 202 Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 973-1215 Dr. John D. Schierman AF 07-303 Awarded: 09APR07
Title:	Strategies for Intercepting Multiple Missiles Exercising Evasive Maneuvers
Abstract:	A simulation tool will be developed to study multiple pursuit/evasion problems. The approach will be hier-archical, with a central command element that communicates with sensor components to process surveil-lance modes, implement target tracking, direct interceptor assignments, and command launch se-quences. Once airborne, the interceptors will continually communicate with the central command for direction and possible changes in their assigned targets. Studies will focus on scenarios in which there are a greater number of incoming threat missiles than interceptors. Under this situation, the objective of the missile defense system will be to minimize damage, protecting the most important assets while as-signing engagements with the greatest probability of kill. A two-phase guidance approach will be devel-oped. First, the interceptor will home in on an estimated/predicted "mean" path of its assigned adversary, based on past position/velocity observations and the most likely ground target of the attacking missile. This reduces unnecessary control effort far from the target. The interceptor will not needlessly expend propellant to track the actual random and spiraling evasive maneuvers of the target missile. Once close enough, the interceptor will then switch to a terminal guidance phase where it will home in on the target missile's actual maneuvering path.

FBS, INC. 143 Hawbaker Industrial Drive Suite #102 State College, PA 16803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 234-3437 Dr. Joseph L. Rose AF 07-325 Awarded: 21MAY07
Title:	Improved inspection of Bonded Repairs
Abstract:	Bonded joints are used extensively for both civilian and military aircraft applications, especially for corrosion damage mitigation via patch bonding. Assessing the quality of these bonds is typically performed using NDE techniques such as bulk wave ultrasonics or thermography. These methods cannot reliably differentiate between a good bond and a so-called "kissing" bond. A kissing bond has no mechanical integrity existing between one or both of the substrates that sandwich the adhesive. Shear wave energy concentrated at the substrate-adhesive interfaces will certainly provide the necessary kissing bond detection capability. Bulk wave techniques could be designed to introduce shear waves into a bond structure but they would be impractical and tedious to implement. Guided waves, on the other hand, provide the resource to easily introduce shear waves into the bond interfaces. FBS, Inc. proposes the development of a guided wave technology that will be capable of determining the mechanical integrity and strength of bonded structures to solve the famous "kissing" bond problem. The guided wave technique, which has shown promise in previous work, will take advantage of recent advances in guided wave sensor technology and feature based detection algorithms to finally provide a solution to the "kissing" bond problem.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun Drive, Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-4760 Dr. Dan Xiang AF 07-325 Awarded: 21MAY07
Title:	Low-Cost Hybrid Tap-Echo Technique for Kissing Bond Inspection
Abstract:	Kissing bonds are those bonds maintaining intimate contact but carries no load. The kissing bond is undetectable with conventional nondestructive evaluation techniques because intimate contact allows sound and heat to transfer normally. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation Inc. (IAI) proposes to develop an innovative low-cost technique to inspect kissing bonds. This technique utilizes the shock waves to detect the strength of a bonded joint for a variety of repair materials and substrates in a rapid and reliable fashion. This system will be suitable for field testing of bond strength of varying materials and thickness by offering significant improvements in bond repair inspections through sophisticated image generation and analysis capabilities.

FEDERAL FABRICS-FIBERS 45 West Adams Street Lowell, MA 01851
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 441-3037 Dr. Fred Geurts AF 07-328 Awarded: 22MAY07
Title:	Air Force Self Sufficient Tent
Abstract:	Enter Abstract here

MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP. 200 Yellow Place, Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 631-3550 Mr. R. Paul Roth AF 07-328 Awarded: 22MAY07
Title:	High Efficiency, Integrated Self Sufficient Tent
Abstract:	Deployed Basic Expeditionary Airfield Resource (BEAR) bases not only require tent power to operate equipment, but also to provide environmental control since they are often located in regions having extreme ambient conditions. Environmental control for current Air Force BEAR bases is supplied by JP-8 fueled heaters or grid powered air conditioning systems. Requiring a power grid for tent power and environmental control complicates the set-up of individual tents and limits the ability to quickly set-up an individual tent in a remote location. An ideal tent design would be completely self-sufficient, with the ability to provide power to- or draw power from- an existing grid while maintaining a satisfactory tent environment and supplying airmen with desalinated water. Currently, there is no integrated system that meets all of these requirements. Mainstream Engineering has a preliminary system design capable of meeting all of these requirements while providing significant fuel savings. The fuel savings is a result of utilizing the renewable energy that is available is addition to storing any generated power that is not needed for later use.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics and Holography, 20600 Gramercy Plac Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Xiaowei Xia AF 07-328 Awarded: 22MAY07
Title:	Flexible Air Force Self-Sufficient Tent Technology
Abstract:	To address the Air Force need for an innovative integrated energy system to support airmen's environmental and electric power needs when deployed to remote BEAR (Basic Expeditionary Airfield Resources) tent city bases, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Flexible Air Force Solar Self-Sufficient Tent (FASST) and a low-cost production process to manufacture it. The proposed system is based on a hybrid of flexible highly efficient plastic photovoltaic solar (Flex-HEPPS) panels and flexible thermoelectric generators (Flex-TEG). This innovation and integrated design incorporating hybrid energy sources will enable the system to generate >10 kW for a 25 ft. by 75 ft. tent. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of FASST by fabricating and testing prototype flexible solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric generator foils and fibers that could be incorporated into tent fabric as a limited-scale demonstration of the FASST concept and manufacturing process. In Phase II we plan to refine the FASST design and develop a draft design for full-scale manufacturing equipment that will reduce tent energy generation cost significantly.

ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY CORP. 9971 Valley View Road Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(952) 829-5864 Ms. Deborah K. Charan AF 07-349 Awarded: 03APR07
Title:	6-Synch
Abstract:	This proposed SBIR effort will develop 6-Synch, a tool for monitoring NCW assets, based on agents that are "Network Health" aware, and act appropriately given the "Health" of their links. 6-Synch utilizes routing protocol derived network connectivity information for the placement of the agents. Intelligent agents will be dynamically and optimally placed in the network based on the current network topology. A minimal set of agents will provide complete reporting to the upper levels of managers. Managers will spread the collection analysis and consolidation task around to the entire system, so that any one node only handles local and/or child information. 6-Synch combines intermediate level controllers placed to gather information, and master controllers to combine information. The controllers would be used to look at data flow and to alert users to bottlenecks and other network problems. Controllers would not know the exact location of the other agents and/or mid-level controllers, but will use intelligent algorithms to gather data at all levels. The agents will be bandwidth aware, and will be self-limiting as far as reporting status and information up the hierarchy. Synchronization of nodes will be done by placing GPS receivers at key locations.

ETONNET, INC. 67 ELENA CIR SAN RAFAEL, CA 94903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 497-1232 Mr. Michael Zhao AF 07-349 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	NCW-Inspector - A Distributed Area Network Management & Control System
Abstract:	DoD is transforming to net-centric warfare (NCW) operations. Etonnet, Inc. is in the forefront of the internet evolution and uniquely qualified for the next generation NCW network management task. Based on our unique experiences, we propose an innovative IPv6 based NCW-Inspector software suite to establish a network management system using next generation internet protocol and techniques to integrate encrypted data/voice/video sources, to provide interoperability, security, and data sharing across geographically diverse platforms. We envision the NCW-Inspector software system will have numerous functions to proactively monitor the NCW Links to ensure network health and high availability. It will provide real-time graphs, reports and alerts to track peak daily usage records, anomalous traffic spikes, while proactively mitigating any negative impact on network performance. It enables operators to quickly resolve any potential problems, monitor router interfaces with real-time visibility into the health of the NCW links and routers. A media center will allow operator to display multiple video/voice/data channels. We propose proprietary error correction check, multi-casting redundancy, and Transaction Time Stamp tag techniques to significantly boost the robustness and quality of service of the NCW networks. It will provide Security, Scalability, Reliability and Optimal Performance of the NCW networks.

ETONNET, INC. 67 ELENA CIR SAN RAFAEL, CA 94903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 497-1232 Mr. Michael Zhao AF 07-351 Awarded: 30MAR07
Title:	Hybrid Neural Network Augmented Kalman Filter for Real-time Multiple Target Tracking
Abstract:	AFFTC has a compelling need for the development of an advanced Kalman filtering technology to enable real-time tracking of multiple targets in highly dynamic environments. The key to achieve this goal is to augment the State-of-the-art (SOA) Kalman filter (KF) with an adaptive learning capability such that it can accommodate the tracking complexity imposed by the turbulent environment, dynamic 2-D motion detection and quantification. The on-line learning capability will also eliminate the need for time-consuming manual selection of tracking parameters. Etonnet proposes to develop an innovative Hybrid Neural Network Augmented Kalman Filter (HNN-KF) technique that will utilize an Etonnet proprietary Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) algorithm and integrate it into KF to provide high-speed self-learning capability for adaptive feedback to the KF to minimize the tracking error. Etonnet will develop a HNN-KF software tool and demonstrate multiple targets tracking capability.

RAM LABORATORIES, INC. 10525 Vista Sorrento Parkway, Suite 220 San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 677-9207 Dr. Dean Mumme AF 07-351 Awarded: 16APR07
Title:	Augmentation of the IMKF with KF-Trained Neural Networks for Adaptive Multiple Target Tracking
Abstract:	The Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) has a compelling need for innovative research to develop on-line intelligent learning algorithms for Kalman filtering for tracking multiple highly dynamic targets. Even for the case of single-target tracking, challenges include the reduction of bias-errors, filter divergence, and the selection of error-states. Turbulent environments and other physical factors can contribute to nonlinear target motion thereby confounding standard Kalman Filter approaches. The proposed effort includes the investigation of means for extension of the Identity Management Kalman Filter (IMKF) by extending the model to associating tracking models to targets for robust target tracking of multiple highly dynamic targets. This includes extending the IMKF to enhance its performance for nonlinear tracking. The candidate systems shall employ neural networks for adaptive target-model enhancement and adaptive selection of the target model (for each target) that is fast enough for online near-real-time performance. The effort shall seek solutions that are applicable to both online tracking and offline trajectory reconstruction and also improve performance in cluttered sensor data so that they are robust enough to automate track reconstruction normally performed manually by engineering staff.

SYSTRAN FEDERAL CORP. 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway, Suite 210 Dayton, OH 45431
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 429-9008 Mr. Andrew DeCarlo AF 07-351 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	INNRTS
Abstract:	Reconstruction of a target's location in time and space is crucial to the functionality of a tracking system used in warfare. One commonly-used approach to position and velocity estimation is Kalman filtering; however, the traditional Kalman filter has problems relating to bias errors, filter divergence, and filter parameter tuning. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can be used to solve these problems through covariance estimation of input noise or by making predictions from a training set. Phase I of this research and development effort is to analyze the feasibility of an ANN-based online adaptive Kalman filter and its alternatives; a variety of solutions will be developed in order to optimize the target-tracking problem for different criteria. In Phase II, a working prototype using one or more of these solutions will be implemented to track multiple targets in near-real-time. Systran Federal Corp. (SFC) has assembled a distinguished team to address this proposal. In conjunction with our research partner, University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR), we are proposing a novel and innovative approach to meeting the demanding requirements listed in the solicitation. At the conclusion of Phase II, we plan to have a pre-production version of our product ready for immediate deployment in selected applications.

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC. 1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 260-5274 Mr. Michael Painter AF 07-352 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Spectrum Management Optimization and Deconfliction Enhancements (S-MODE)
Abstract:	Despite the rapid development of innovations supporting advanced communications and other uses of the electromagnetic spectrum, comparatively little progress has been made in the technology base supporting the management and scheduling of limited spectrum resources. The proposed effort will break new ground in the domain of frequency scheduling and management by advancing the science and practical capability to measure and improve the efficiency of frequency scheduling. The key products of the Phase I effort include a set of frequency scheduling optimization methods, scheduling algorithm evaluation results, and a collection of Integrated Frequency Deconfliction System (IFDS) technology augmentation tools targeted at addressing key voids while providing for rapid IFDS capability expansion. The proposed products and approach thus serve to complement Department of Defense (DoD) investments in related frequency management and mission scheduling support technologies. If the proposal is awarded, the Phase II effort will extend upon these developments to refine and harden a comprehensive capability enabling frequency managers to more effectively define, analyze, and generate optimized frequency management strategies, both for advanced planning and real-time metrics adjustment.

BARRON ASSOC., INC. 1410 Sachem Place, Suite 202 Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 973-1215 Mr. Alec J.D. Bateman AF 07-354 Awarded: 16APR07
Title:	Tools for Analyzing Flutter in the Presence of Aeroelastic Uncertainty
Abstract:	Because flutter can lead to catastrophic failure of the aircraft structure, reliable prediction of the aeroelastic behavior of the aircraft is vitally important to provide information about the boundaries of the flight envelope outside which the aircraft is susceptible to flutter. In spite of major progress in computational methods in recent years, particularly in computational fluid dynamic (CFD), there is still little reliance on using computational models to certify aeroelastic stability. One of the key difficulties is that the aeroelastic models are normally represented in a deterministic way, while in real-world fluid structure interactions, many uncertainties exist. Assessing the effects of uncertainties using traditional approaches such as Monte-Carlo analysis is impractical because of the computational complexity of high-fidelity aeroelastic models. The highly nonlinear nature of these models creates problems for other typical approaches such as linearization and worst-on-worst testing. The goal of the proposed research is to develop uncertainty analysis tools based on a generalized polynomial chaos expansion approach that can be effectively applied in the context of aeroelastic modeling. The tools will provide insight into the sensitivity of the flutter boundary with respect to various uncertainties, and will provide confidence interval estimates for the flutter boundary.

CLEAR SCIENCE CORP. PO Box 233, 663 Owego Hill Road Harford, NY 13784
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 844-9171 Dr. Henry A. Carlson AF 07-354 Awarded: 16APR07
Title:	Uncertainty, Sensitivity Analysis, and Design of Experiments in Flutter Testing
Abstract:	Clear Science Corp. proposes to develop and demonstrate the technical merit and feasibility of software that quantifies uncertainty in predictions of the aeroelastic stability of aircraft. The computational tool will accommodate three main sources of uncertainty in the aeroelastic response of an airframe design: 1) uncertainty or variability in structural properties, 2) uncertainty or variability in flight conditions, and 3) uncertainty or errors in the computational and experimental models that are used to determine aeroelastic response. The Uncertainty Analysis (UA) software will be designed to extract an optimal amount of information from a limited set of simulations, facilitating the use of high-dimensional, high-fidelity aeroelastic models in determining flutter boundaries and nonlinear responses. The proposed tool will consist of three sequential components or steps: 1) design-of-experiment (DOE) algorithms that optimize the space-filling properties of initial samples, 2) construction of metamodels that represent input-output relations in compact forms, and 3) global sensitivity analysis techniques that quantify uncertainty propagation and rank the importance of all sources of uncertainty, based on the metamodels. Development and testing of the UA algorithms in Phase I will utilize CFD-based aeroelastic simulations of flutter associated with a two-dimensional airfoil with two degrees of freedom (pitching and plunging).

ATA ENGINEERING, INC. 11995 El Camino Real, Suite 200 San Diego, CA 92130
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 480-2030 Mr. Kevin Napolitano AF 07-356 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Optical Ground Vibration Test
Abstract:	This proposal addresses the development of a new ground vibration system which can improve the speed, reliability and accuracy of Ground Vibration Tests (GVTs) of military aircraft ranging in size from micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to fighter jets and larger. The intent of the Phase I research is to develop a conceptual design for a GVT system that uses a combination of the latest hardware technologies, combined with advanced software solutions, to create a tightly integrated state-of-the-art working system within the next 2 years. In addition to developing practical hybrid measurement systems which may include combinations of optical, digital, and wireless sensor technologies, consideration will also be given to automating other aspects of the GVT including shaker setup and reconfiguration and standardization of soft support systems for different classes of applications.

CSA ENGINEERING, INC. 2565 Leghorn Street Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 210-9000 Mr. Brad Allen AF 07-356 Awarded: 16APR07
Title:	Optical Ground Vibration Test System
Abstract:	An acquisition system that will greatly reduce the time to perform ground vibration tests (GVT) on military aircraft is proposed. The system will automate GVTs, enabling rapid acquisition without requiring setup of nearly all sensors and cabling. Segments of the wireframe geometry and acquisition setup will also be generated automatically. Aircraft down times will be reduced dramatically. The system will utilize one or more robotic carts with gimbal-mounted laser vibrometers, wireless accelerometers for degrees of freedom that are not line of sight, and potentially mobile shaker carts. A soft suspension system is also proposed for applications requiring low-frequency isolation. Custom software will drive robotic assemblies and port data from sensors to modal acquisition and/or reduction software.

FREENT TECHNOLOGIES 340 Usher Rd. Madison, AL 35757
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 651-5673 Mr. Herbert U. Fluhler AF 07-357 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Efficient High Gain 100 to 300 MHz Horn Antenna
Abstract:	A quad petal wide band horn is proposed with improvements over prior similar designs to meet all the requirements of the solicitiation. The horn offers dual independant polarizations with high cross pol. isolation so the antenna does not need to be rotated for multi-pol. measurements. The improvements help to minimized back and side lobes while meeting the high gain requirements. The horn is made of light weight materials resulting in a unit weight potentially less that 30 pounds and volume 1/9th of the solicitation's allowable volume. The horn may be arrayed to provide in excess of 30 dBi of gain at cutoff while adding the unique feature of being able to generate nulls on high multipath scatters that could cause interference problems.

TOYON RESEARCH CORP. 6800 Cortona Drive Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 968-6787 Mr. Michael A. Gilbert AF 07-357 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Highly Directive 100 to 300 MHz Super Gain Antenna
Abstract:	The Air Force currently has a strong need to conduct antenna gain tests over the 100-300 MHz frequency band. It is desirable to conduct these tests indoors utilizing an anechoic chamber, to control the environment and reduce EMI from external sources. Unfortunately, the walls of anechoic chambers at these low frequencies have relatively high reflectivity that can cause unacceptable levels of multi-path. This issue is compounded by the fact that commonly available source antennas at these low frequencies (i.e. log-periodic antennas) have wide beamwidths and high sidelobes that heavily illuminate the chamber walls. Use of a more directive source antenna with reduced sidelobes and backlobes will help alleviate the mult-path problem. Toyon recently designed, built, and delivered a 300-1500 MHz, dual-polarized source horn for the Bistatic Anechoic Chamber at the Radar Reflectivity Laboratory at Pt Mugu. This design achieved a VSWR of less than 2:1, polarization isolation greater than 35 dB, and reduced sidelobes. The reduced sidelobes were achieved by utilizing a resistive film inside the horn to provide an amplitude taper across the aperture. Under this Phase I SBIR, Toyon proposes to re-optimize its dual-polarized, low sidelobe horn design specifically for the Air Force requirements.

---------- NAVY ----------

280 Phase I Selections from the 07.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

INFOSCITEX CORP. 303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 890-1338 Mr. Robert Mulligan NAVY 07-001 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Lightweight Ballistic Exhaust Grille with Directional Capabilities and Reduced Thermal Signature
Abstract:	The Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) has two aft mounted exhaust grilles that interface the heat exchangers to the external environment. The current grille design suffers from competing requirements which render its performance less than optimal. In this Phase I project, Infoscitex proposes to conduct research into innovative composite materials and fabrication methods that will enable a grille to meet weight, airflow, ballistic and thermal emissivity requirements, as well as allowing directional capabilities. Following materials selection and evaluation, a first generation design will be created. Subsequently, a cost-benefit analysis will be performed on the design that analyzes the projected performance and costs of ownership. A design will be pursued that allows the new grille to be integrated with the existing housing and mounting flanges.

NEW WORLD ASSOC., INC. 641 Prince Edward Street Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 373-1435 Dr. Carl Pates NAVY 07-001 Awarded: 14MAY07
Title:	Ballistic Exhaust Grille
Abstract:	New World Associates proposes to develop an exhaust grille for the Marine Corps EFV (Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle) that improves performance and maintains required ballistic protection. The issue with the current design for the EFV is that the exhaustgrille is a heavy system that does not allow flow control (IR signature suppression) with adequate ballistic protection. The modified design will evaluate several design options and will focus on the following primary design criteria: A) Obtain specified ballistic performance; B) Optimize airflow vs. pressure drop characteristics; C) Reduce vehicle infrared signature; D) Minimize weight and manufacturing costs. During Phase I of the proposed program, tasking will include research into available materials that optimize weight reduction and ballistic protection requirements. During this phase, several design concepts will be proposed and evaluated with respect to the EFV performance specification (EFV S/SS Specification Rev J. dated 10 August 2006). New World will utilize its extensive background of ballistic protection of vehicles and airflow design and analysis to solve the proposed problem.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Mr. James Gorman NAVY 07-001 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Dual Mode Controlled Ricochet Low Loss EFV Cooling Grille(1001-046)
Abstract:	Triton Systems Inc. in collaboration with the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory will develop a controlled multiple ricochet ballistic grill for the USMC EFV that minimizes the required vane thickness and associated pressure drop through the grille. Two-stage baffling of the incoming threat allows the flow direction to be modified while still ensuring at least three strikes and downward exiting fragments. Advanced high hardness Titanium and Stainless Steel alloys are used to tailor the ricochet angles of the threat projectiles, while maintaining integrity against corrosion degradation in the salt air and water environments. Low emissivity coatings on the metallic elements minimize the vehicle IR signature increments. The controlled ricochet design will allow reductions of at least 50 pound in each of the (250 lb.) current ballistic grilles aboard the EFV. During the Phase I project, Triton will fabricate and ballistic test samples of the projectile baffles to validate the threat protection performance, while C.S. Draper Laboratory will perform extensive CFD and thermal response tradeoffs on the strawman grille design to guide the grille design and validate throughput and thermal performance. During the Phase II Triton will fabricate a prototype ballistic grille for installation and operational testing aboard an EFV.

GENEXPRESS INFORMATICS, INC. 13091 Ponds Springs RoadSuite 150 Austin, TX 78729
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 219-8588 Dr. Robert Chin NAVY 07-004 Selected for Award
Title:	Development of Biological Obscurants
Abstract:	The DoD has funded a number of nanotechnology based obscurant projects. Recent studies have shown the potential health and environmental risk associated with nanoparticle exposures. Development of biologically based obscurants could eliminate these shortcomings by providing multi-spectral capabilities, environmental-friendly (i.e., biodegradable), non-pathogenic constituents and non-toxic by-products. GXI and Dr. James P. Chambers of the University of Texas at San Antonio propose to develop biological obscurants for battlefield applications based on the use of bacteriochlorophylls. In Phase I, GXI and Dr. Chambers will conduct spectroscopic investigations of bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll b with tetrapyrrole pigments to demonstrate the feasibility of using chlorophyll compounds as obscurants. We will also investigate the use of combinatorial techniques to alter the protein microenvironment near the tetrapyrrole ring and thus tune the absorption spectra to provide multi-spectral capabilities. The rational for use of chlorophyll compounds as an obscurant is based on the broad range of spectral absorption using chlorophyll derivatives. Absorption peaks coincide well with specific areas of military interest including: (1) the visible range; (2) night vision ranges of 700 to 800 and 900 nm for 3rd generation imaging technology; and (3) the 1064 nm range for most smart bomb and missile laser guidance systems.

INFOSCITEX CORP. 303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 890-1338 Dr. Robert Woodman NAVY 07-004 Selected for Award
Title:	Shelf-Stable Red Phosphorus
Abstract:	Smoke-producing munitions such as mortars, smoke pots, and hand grenades are an important class of ordnance employed by the US military in both training and mission scenarios. These devices serve a number of vital functions including smoke screening for vision obscurance and marking of targets. A number of smoke-producing munitions used by the USMC rely upon red phosphorus (RP) to generate a smoke that provides screening in both the visible and IR spectra. Although RP performs exceptionally, its susceptibility to degradation during storage to form phosphine and other hazardous materials has risen concerns for personnel health. In this Phase I SBIR program, Infoscitex Corporation (IST) proposed to enable the continued use of RP through development of a novel coating system that will render it shelf-stable. IST will develop an inorganic coating system that will address shortcomings of previous attempts to stabilize RP, and will ensure that performance of existing smoke-producing munitions is maintained.

POWDERMET, INC. 24112 Rockwell Drive Euclid, OH 44117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 404-0053 Dr. Michael Dowell NAVY 07-004 Selected for Award
Title:	Replacement of Red Phosphorus in Smoke Producing Munitions
Abstract:	Future combat scenarios requires a red and/or white phosphorus alternative as a multi-role munitions filler for obscuring, screening, marking, incendiary and thermobaric applications. Currently, red and white phosphorus filled munitions are successfully being deployed in combat, especially in "shake and bake" missions in Fallujah. However, processing, deployment, storage and overall safety concerns primarily limit the utilization of red and white phosphorus. Especially when stored, phosphorus decomposes to phosphorus pentoxide and then phosphoric acid in moist environments. In lieu of safety concerns and cost ineffectiveness in producing red and white phosphorus, Powdermet Inc. proposes to use reactive fuel/oxidizer microcomposite obscurants with "nanolaminate" fuel/stabilizer/thermite coatings produced by Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition (FBCVD) and fluoropolymer press coatings as a suitable/superior alternative for red and white phosphorus fillers for current and future munitions. The particle size, composition, and intimate mixing of fuel and oxidizer during spray drying, FBCVD, and fluoropolymer press coatings will yield favorable combustion and reaction rates in order to maximize smoke production, colored smoke production, exothermicity, and blast/expansion pressure. Complete characterization will be performed to ensure that the correct properties are achieved.

VENTANA RESEARCH 831 North Camino Miramonte Tucson, AZ 85716
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 882-8772 Dr. John L. Lombardi NAVY 07-004 Selected for Award
Title:	Replacement of Red Phosphorus in smoke producing munitions
Abstract:	Current smoke producing munitions posess significant total obscuring power (TOP) but suffer from the drawbacks taht they are both toxic and corrosive towards military personnel and hardware respectively. A burgeoning need therefore exists for alternative obscurants which are benign as well as posess high TOP properties. Polyphenol derivatives represent one such promising class of materials meeting this criteria and will be developed and characterized during this proposed Phase I SBIR research program.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Ashley Nunes NAVY 07-005 Selected for Award
Title:	ADaptive Augmented Reality based Assistance System (ADARAS)
Abstract:	Augmented Reality (AR) has been proposed as a means of assisting technicians tasked with maintaining weapons platforms. Despite its various benefits, the effectiveness of AR as a means of improving performance dictates that the traditional challenges associated with scene recognition and information presentation be addressed. Hence, we propose to design and demonstrate the feasibility of the ADaptive Augmented Reality based Assistance System (ADARAS), which utilizes unique scene recognition capabilities coupled with customized information presentation techniques to significantly improve the troubleshooting capabilities of the junior maintainer. ADARAS uses intelligent agents to customize the information presented in AR space, which maximizes the utility and effectiveness of the presented information based on the cognitive limitations and learning capacity of the individual maintainer. The proposed system also encompasses unique scene recognition algorithms that jointly work to ensure that the maintainer's attention is allocated to the relevant problem space thereby maximizing the probability of success.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Mr. Douglas Haanpaa NAVY 07-005 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Equipment Maintenance Using Revolutionary Augmented Reality Technology
Abstract:	The Terrestrial Augmented Reality Maintenance Assistance (TARMA) will leverage Cybernet Systems existing Shipboard Wireless Maintenance System (SWMA), head mounted display systems, and gesture recognition software to create a portable computing platform for augmented-reality based vehicle maintenance. This system will use small, magnet-mounted, light emitting diodes (LEDs) beacons as reference points for the projection of schematics into the viewing region of the head mounted display. In addition to schematics and Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETMs) and condition-based maintenance systems the head mounted display will present data from a suite of peripheral devices including digital multi-meters, bar code scanners, and RFID readers. Cybernet will also apply our gesture recognition system to the system's forward looking camera to provide a maintainer aptitude evaluation. This aptitude evaluation could potentially be used in level IV and V by IETMs to provide tailored maintenance specifications. Using the SWMA's existing collaboration suite our system will be able to provide remote support from subject matter experts to in-field maintainers.

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC. 44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 668-6800 Mr. Timothy C. Tiernan NAVY 07-005 Selected for Award
Title:	Augmented Reality Maintenance System (ARMS) for Complex Military Assets
Abstract:	Currently, equipment maintenance requires highly trained individuals and is labor intensive, expensive and inefficient. The Marine Corps and DOD use written technical manuals and Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETM) to direct technicians through complex maintenance procedures for land vehicles, radar systems, radio communications systems, and ground-based weapon systems. Recently, the internet has made it possible to retrieve relevant maintenance data more quickly using computer search programs. However, technical manuals are still time consuming and tedious to use, and substantial training is needed to extract the appropriate data, understand the technical details for troubleshooting defective components, and the performance of critical maintenance and repairs. RMD, in collaboration with Dr. Steven Feiner at Columbia University, proposes a revolutionary new technology for equipment maintenance based on Augmented Reality (AR). The AR-based maintenance system will guide the equipment maintainer through the entire maintenance process, from the identification of defective components to the detailed repair methodology and the functional test sequence. The Augmented Reality system will be graphics intensive and interactive, making it simple and highly intuitive to use. It will augment the abilities of the technician by providing the type of guidance normally associated with an expert human trainer.

SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, INC. 13766 S. Hawthorne Blvd. Hawthorne, CA 90250
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 679-2281 Dr. Edward N. Bachelder NAVY 07-005 Selected for Award
Title:	Fused Reality(tm) Maintenance System
Abstract:	The solicitation for this topic stresses the need for alternative approaches to conducting equipment maintenance. A PC-based technology called Fused Reality(tm) created by Systems Technology Inc. (STI) currently employs live video capture, real-time video editing, and virtual environment simulation to enable the fusing of physical images into a virtual scene, which can then be moved within that scene. Fused Reality(tm) uses chromakey to identify areas of interest in the physical scene. One of the key innovations of the proposed Fused Reality Maintenance System (FRMS) is modifying Fused Reality(tm) to use machine vision for identifying real objects so that they can be fused into and moved within the virtual environment. Other novel innovations include the integration of novel 3D interfaces (such as image-based head tracking) with a 3D modeling software tool such as Solidworks, and using Solidworks to generate the virtual scene layer for use with Fused Reality(tm). In order to provide an integrated solution for the maintainer's challenges, the system will employ state-of-art technologies including: machine vision recognition, voice recognition, neural networks, and knowledge-based expert systems. Novel design in human-machine interface design will balance cognitive workload with task execution. Key issues pertaining to diagnostics, component replacement, and logistics are addressed.

DIRECTED VAPOR TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, INC. 2 Boar's Head Lane Charlottesville, VA 22903
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 977-1405 Dr. Derek D. Hass NAVY 07-006 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	Non-Line-of-Sight Coating Of Turbine Airfoils
Abstract:	Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are desired to improve the durability of hot-section engine components. Currently, TBC top coats are applied onto turbine components using an electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) process. A key drawback of this approach is that it can only effectively coat surfaces in the line-of-sight of the vapor source. The advent of advanced engine designs containing complex components with many hidden surfaces have resulted in a need for TBC deposition techniques which can effectively deposit high quality coatings onto the non line-of-sight (NLOS) regions of components. In this work, we will use novel coating techniques that increase the growth rate of TBC coatings in NLOS regions and also result in the required coating microstructure. The proposed Phase I effort will demonstrate the key performance attributes of the process by applying TBCs onto superalloy substrates aligned NLOS to the vapor source. This will lead to a follow-on Phase II program focused on using the new deposition process to apply TBC coatings onto real aircraft components having NLOS region. The end result will be process the can apply next generation TBC coatings onto a wider range of complex engine components in a cost effective manner.

MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP. 200 Yellow PlacePines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 631-3550 Dr. J. Michael Cutbirth NAVY 07-006 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Demonstration of Non-Line-of-Sight TBC
Abstract:	Advances in turbine materials resulting in high strength and lightweight metallic and ceramic components have allowed for high efficiency, high power density, compactness, and low emissions. Current technology turbine blades are comprised of single crystal nickel superalloys in combination with ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBC). Typical TBC composition consists of an aluminum rich bond coat, thermally grown oxide (TGO), and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). These coatings have limited durability and constrain peak engine temperatures due to non-uniform coating thickness and susceptibility to crack propagation. Non-uniformities within the thickness are caused by line-of-sight coating applications typical of current industry standards. To address these shortcomings, Mainstream will rely on its expertise in nano-technology and chemical vapor deposition techniques to demonstrate a non-line-of-sight method for producing a strain-tolerant thermal barrier coating. The Phase I effort will characterize the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite coating, demonstrate the feasibility of the inclusion of nanostructures within a ceramic matrix, and validate the strain tolerance via thermal fatigue and thermal shock experiments.

UES, INC. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton, OH 45432
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 426-6900 Dr. Amarendra K. Rai NAVY 07-006 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	Non-Line-of-Sight Coating Of Turbine Airfoils
Abstract:	The current state-of-the-art techniques for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are typically line-of-sight. Therefore the achievable coating thickness distributions on complex shaped parts are limited and inconsistent. The geometry of the turbine airfoils is getting more complex with each design making the line-of-sight processes for TBC less desirable. UES Inc in collaboration with Penn State University proposes to design a hybrid hydrothermal-electrophoretic process as a non-line-of-sight technique for TBC. The feasibility of the proposed technique will be demonstrated in a laboratory environment. Durability of the TBC fabricated from the proposed technique will be evaluated and compared with the state-of-the-art TBC coating. In Phase II, a prototype hybrid hydrothermal-electrophoretic system and the related process capable of producing TBC coating on engine hardware will be developed.

AURIGA MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS LLC 650 Suffolk StreetSuite410 Lowell, MA 01854
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 441-1117 Dr. Yusuke Tajima NAVY 07-007 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Solid-State High-Efficiency Radar Transmit Module
Abstract:	Demonstration of highly efficient 1000W amplifier (405-450 MHz) is proposed in the two-phase program. The first phase is a feasibility phase where a 100W 70% efficiency block amplifier will be demonstrated using GaN HEMT devices and Class F circuit design technology. In phase 2 of the program, the block amplifier performance will be enhanced to 300W. Four of these block amplifiers will be combined to achieve the Phase 2 goals. In parallel to the technical efforts during Phase 1, we will establish a commercialization plan where necessary steps will be identified to manufacture the products from Phase 2. Auriga Measurement Systems will team with experts in Raytheon Advanced Devices Center to bring the best possible results to the customer. Raytheon brings GaN technology and Radar system experience. Raytheon is one of the pioneers in GaN device development. Its world-class device performance is leading the industry. Auriga Measurement Systems is a small business with a large experience. Auriga maintains a leading edge in device measurement and characterization systems as well as device modeling and circuit designs. Its proprietary GaN models have been used to support commercial applications of high power GaN HEMT devices with a very successful results.

HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP. 20 Alpha Road Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-3343 Mr. David Helms NAVY 07-007 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Solid-State High-Efficiency Radar Transmit Module
Abstract:	The primary objective of Phase 1 is to establish a design baseline for a very high power and highly efficient GaN amplifier. Design objectives for the Class E/F power amplifier are to achieve 100 watts power output at >60% PAE over 405-450 MHz. Hittite will synthesize Class E, Class F and inverse class F and then select the optimum load and source networks to achieve highest reasonable efficiency. Hittite will use a very thermally conductive hybrid package. That packaging is a highly cost effective proven mass production packaging technology. Hittite will identify the optimum process for MMIC implementation of the amplifier, and then provide modeling results of the core technology demonstrating the RF, DC and thermal characteristics of the amplifier. From this selected MMIC core technology we will build and demonstrate a hybrid version of this amplifier. The hybrid version will use proven 50V GaN devices and a proven design approach. In the option Hittite will also design a high K dielectric power combiner, and the first iteration of the GaN 100 watt PA MMIC. Hittite has designed over 20 GaN PA's for numerous DOD customers demonstrating > 70% PAE GaN PA's.

CHIRP CORP. 8248 Sugarman Drive La Jolla, CA 92037
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 453-4406 Dr. Richard Altes NAVY 07-008 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	High resolution SAR detection/estimation in alpha-stable interference
Abstract:	Ambiguity function analysis of a new design concept for side-looking synthetic aperture radar (SAR) indicates that range-rate resolution can be improved by at least a factor of ten while removing range-rate/azimuth ambiguities, and that azimuth-rate resolution can be improved by at least a factor of five. The proposed work is (1) to further verify these improvements via a realistic simulation based on actual SAR data for upwind and downwind conditions, (2) to investigate the effects of nonlinear, alpha-stable detection/estimation procedures on the improved system, and (3) to mitigate the deleterious effects that are likely to occur when nonlinear operations are applied to a system that relies heavily on linear superposition for range compression, azimuth compression, and velocity hypothesis testing operations.

ROBUST ANALYSIS, INC. 6618 Allegheny Avenue Takoma Park, MD 20912
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(954) 349-2889 Dr. Juan Gonzalez NAVY 07-008 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Stable signal processing for improved-performance real-life radar
Abstract:	Robust Analysis has pioneered the development of extremely efficient algorithms for radar signal processing in heavy-tailed clutter, based on cutting-edge numerical methods derived from the theory of stable distributions. Robust Analysis is the developer of STABLE, the first commercially available software library for stable data processing. STABLE incorporates a Signal Processing Toolbox with comprehensive filtering solutions for impulsive signals. This toolbox is at the core of one of our most important innovations: the stable matched filter. Although still preliminary, STABLE already has a Radar Systems Toolbox which incorporates a suite of stable matched filtering routines, and a battery of applications of these routines in SAR imaging and radar target detection. The goal of this SBIR is to extend the reach of the STABLE software and its Radar Systems Toolbox to provide a comprehensive industrial-quality solution for radar engineering in heavy-tailed environments. For Phase I, we will develop an adaptive version of the stable matched filter that ensures real-time applicability of the technology in real-life challenging scenarios of interest to the Navy. We will also develop speed optimizations that accelerate the algorithms and enable real-time performance. SAR and STAP applications of the technology will also be investigated.

TORCH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4035 Chris DriveSuite C Huntsville, AL 35802
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 319-6000 Mr. Terry Thomas NAVY 07-009 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Modeling Algorithms for Unmanned Aircraft/Weapons Management Systems
Abstract:	Unmanned Aerial Systems are rapidly evolving in each of the armed services from their traditional Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance missions to platforms with a mix of payloads and weapons. All indications are that this evolution will continue and the future of Fire Scout will include an assortment of weapons and other mission payloads. Each of these future integration programs would be time consuming and expensive if traditional acquisition and integration approaches from the era of manned aircraft were adopted. Torch Technologies, Inc. has partnered with General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems to propose a robust and credible approach to weapon and mission payload integration that is based on the Object Management Group (OMG) Model Driver ArchitectureT (MDA) Initiative. the Torch Team proposes a complete systems engineering approach that is based on the principles of MDA. It is a solution that separates functionality from architecture so that it can be maintained and reused, even across multiple architectures. It is a solution that will map the functionality to the platform processing architecture based on the Fire Scout Program Manager's safety, reliability, security, real-time and resource consumption requirements, and permit early and cost effective verification and validation that those requirements will be met.

WINTEC, INC. 220 Eglin Parkway SESuite 4 Fort Walton Beach, FL 32548
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(850) 664-6203 Mr. Fred Benedick NAVY 07-009 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Modeling Algorithms for Unmanned Aircraft/Weapons Management Systems
Abstract:	Current methodologies for integration of weapons on unmanned and manned aircraft platforms and the associated control software development/integration typically result in a lengthy and expensive integration process. Problems are frequently discovered in the hardware/software prototyping or flight test program phases, when they are difficult and expensive to fix and likely to result in significant program perturbations. Potential safety issues that were not forecast can also be encountered. Recent studies by both U.S. and NATO organizations have identified structured modeling technologies and processes (including the evolving Model Driven Architecturer, or MDAr, process supported by commercial industry) as having a high potential to significantly mitigate the identified problems, if appropriately adapted and incorporated into the platform avionics and weapon integration design approach. To support such a model-based process, flexible modeling algorithms for weapon control systems and associated weapon employment functionality need to be developed in languages such as the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) and Executable Unified Modeling Language (xUML). The effort proposed here would investigate the requirements and feasibility of a set of appropriate modeling algorithms for this purpose, and define a proposed approach for development and demonstration of prototype algorithms in a follow-on Phase II program.

FRONTIER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 75 Aero Camino, Suite A Goleta, CA 93117
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 277-8396 Mr. Gary Key NAVY 07-010 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Advanced Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) and Model Based Prognostic Useful Life Remaining Capabilities for Aircraft Tactical Information and Communication Systems
Abstract:	Frontier Technology, Inc. (FTI) will demonstrate the feasibility of developing prognostic models that can predict current health state, future failure and remaining useful life (RUL) for electronic systems with focus on aircraft communication, navigation and identification systems (CNI) and their components. FTI will combine principles of real-time prognostic health management that analyze system health states with Reliability Centered Maintenance that estimate RUL and recommend appropriate corrective action. FTI's research adapts successful system-level prognostic and RCM technologies to installed electronics systems using data-derived statistical models that function with existing data sources and are easily extended to varying system configurations. The research will: * Maximize use of existing sensors, parameters and data sources from installed systems. * Create models of healthy systems using variances from optimum system conditions to detect incipient faults. * Identify the fault to failure progression and estimate component or system RUL. * Notify system users of fault detection, RUL and suggested action/areas of investigation This Phase I effort extends FTI's research into prognostic assessment of system health. Phase II will demonstrate prototypes of the models developed during Phase I and will identify limitations and areas requiring investigation in applying the technology to specific electronic system configurations.

GLOBAL STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS LLC 12801 Worldgate DriveSuite 500 Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 871-3990 Mr. Luis Hernandez NAVY 07-010 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Advanced Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) and Model Based Prognostic Useful Life Remaining Capabilities for Aircraft Tactical Information and Communication Systems
Abstract:	Prognostics and health management technologies are critical for detecting impending equipment failures and enabling a proactive decision process for maintaining or replacing components before actual failures occur. This capability is particularly critical to the Joint Strike Fighter given the goals for high affordability and mission readiness. Achieving the gains in maintenance decision making, safety, system availability, productivity, and cost savings, depends on the PHM system's ability to predict accurately the remaining useful life of the aircraft mission systems at any time. This effort investigates the development of advanced prognostic models to enable the predictive capability of the JSF PHM system. The effort considers the application of real-time, sensory- updated, residual life based models for estimating and predicting the remaining useful life of the JSF Communication, Navigation and Identification systems. The effort researches and characterizes the detectable impeding faults, and the physical phenomena, of the system and component degradation processes. The expected patterns in the sensory information and the techniques required to model the evolution of the component degradation process, in order to predict the remaining useful life of a system, are identified. A system definition, capability implementation plan, and a proof-of-concept demonstration of the approach are part of this effort.

RIDGETOP GROUP, INC. 6595 North Oracle RoadSuite 153B Tucson, AZ 85704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 742-3300 Mr. John Pattison NAVY 07-010 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Advanced Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) and Model Based Prognostic Useful Life Remaining Capabilities for Aircraft Tactical Information and Communication Systems
Abstract:	Ridgetop will create algorithms and models for Prognostics/Health Management (PHM) on radio-frequency (RF) components used in Communication, Navigation, and Intelligence (CNI) systems. A key focus of this work is adaptation of proven time-domain statistic analysis techniques - Multivariate State Estimation Technique (MSET) and Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) - to the frequency domain, exploiting the increased sensitivity and robustness of the statistical approach with the computational economy achieved with Fourier-transform or frequency-space algorithms. These models will be proven on representative CNI hardware chosen by Ridgetop's Prime Contractor Partner (Raytheon) with input from the JSF Program Office. The chosen hardware will have a history of high failure rates and intermittent faults, and the prognostic models will be driven by existing parameters and measurands. Ridgetop's proactive IRAD for this proposal indicates that subject components can be chosen which represent both legacy (ageing aircraft) and emerging technology, to maximize return-on-investment (ROI) to the warfighting customer. An optional effort will focus on one complex, high-failure rate CNI component such as the Traveling-Wave Tube (TWT). Ridgetop's proposed work plan includes demonstrated detection of intermittents which complicate the diagnosis of faults and prediction of remaining useful life for critical aircraft systems.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Mr. William J. Kessler NAVY 07-011 Selected for Award
Title:	Compact Diode Laser-based Magnetometer
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovative Research Phase I project will combine ultra-sensitive absorption spectroscopy detection techniques and alkali atom optical gas pumping to produce an innovative Compact Magnetic Detection Set (CMDS). The CMDS will utilize a self oscillating magnetometer to produce a robust, compact, light weight and low power sensor for Navy applications of air anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and land-based IED detection. Current CMDS systems are too large, heavy and consume too much power for many aircraft platforms, including the MH-60R Romeo helicopter and the FireScout VTUAV. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) will create a system design for an optically based alkali atom CMDS that will achieve performance specifications equivalent to the AN/ASQ-233 and AN/ASQ-508 systems using innovative, ultra-sensitive detection techniques packaged into a compact, light, low power architecture. During the Phase II effort the CMDS will be fabricated and tested to verify operation and performance limits. The proposed effort leverages PSI's experience demonstrating sensitive magnetometers with PSI's successful line of commercial, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy hardware systems. PSI has an extensive and proven history of developing and delivering optically based sensor solutions for demanding commercial and Navy Mil-Spec applications.

POLATOMIC, INC. 1810 N. Glenville Dr. Suite 116 Richardson, TX 75081
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 690-0099 Dr. Douglas D McGregor NAVY 07-011 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	Compact Magnetic Detection Set (CMDS) for Air Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) and Land-Based Use
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I proposal describes the development of a conceptual design for a Compact Magnetic Detection Set (CMDS) for air ASW. The CMDS laser magnetometer is an innovative light-weight, compact, low-power, high-sensitivity instrument capable of measuring scalar DC and ELF magnetic fields with sensitivity better than 0.3 pT/?aHz in the frequency interval 0.01-100 Hz. A design goal of the CMDS is to reduce the system volume, weight and power by a factor of two with respect to DT-704/ASQ-233 system parameters. The CMDS is intended for use on UAVs (vertical take-off and fixed wing) employed for shallow water ASW and land-based target detection such as buried weapons caches and IEDs. An approach to reduce system size and weight is the use of Optically-driven Spin Precession (OSP) instead of conventional Magnetically-driven Spin Precession (MSP) to induce and observe magnetic resonance in the helium cell. OSP technology is attractive for a compact system because it eliminates the need for resonance drive coils and reduces the number of cells required for omni-directional operation. An OSP single-cell digital locked-oscillator scalar magnetometer was demonstrated for the first time under a recent NASA Phase I Project. The Phase I effort will include developing the CMDS specifications that will achieve the size, weight, power and performance requirements, and evaluating the applicability of CMDS to small UAV/VTUAVs and manned ASW platforms. The Phase II effort will involve fabrication of a CMDS laboratory breadboard based on the Phase I design.

TWINLEAF 59 Snowden Lane Princeton, NJ 08540
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 921-6126 Dr. Thomas W. Kornack NAVY 07-011 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Compact Magnetic Detection Set (CMDS) for Air Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) and Land-Based Use
Abstract:	A new scalar magnetometer design enables measurement of magnetic fields with sensitivity down to 10 fT/Hz^(1/2), more than ten times better than existing devices. The Phase I effort will focus on bringing this recently proven technology into the field in a compact, robust, low-power implementation.

DELCROSS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 223 East Sixth StreetPO Box 676 Neoga, IL 62447
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 895-2067 Mr. Matthew C. Miller NAVY 07-012 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Antenna to Antenna Coupling and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Tool for Air Platforms.
Abstract:	One of the most important problems encountered in an electromagnetic environment is that of providing compatibility between radiating and receiving RF equipment within the environment. This problem is a type of EMI and the goal of RF system designers and analysts is to achieve EMC where no interference problems exist between the various RF systems. The cost of providing numerous modifications to operational systems and the losses in efficiency resulting from the presence of interference represents a serious problem to numerous military and commercial organizations. Our team proposes to develop a software tool named Electromagnetic Interference Toolkit (EMIT) for predicting interference between radiating and receiving RF systems. The tool will consist of a graphical user interface (GUI) and underlying computational engines. The GUI (iEMIT) will pass user specified inputs to the computational engine (EMIT), will provide visualization of data, and will interface with a full wave solver for the generation of coupling data. During the Phase I, we will develop the architecture and implementation plan for the EMIT software, develop proof of concept modules for the computational engines, and validate those modules. The Phase II will focus on developing a GUI and implementing the proof-of-concept codes developed under the Phase I as robust engineering codes.

AGILTRON CORP. 15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-1200 Dr. Jack Salerno NAVY 07-013 Awarded: 27FEB07
Title:	Variable Color Ratio Window for IR Simulator Source
Abstract:	Agiltron, Inc proposes a dynamic color ratio window of IR simulator source array for the open-air test and evaluation of missile warning and directional infrared counter measurements. The proposed device is innovative to utilize the variable IR absorption of window approach, achieving the desired performances by effectively changing the transmission coefficients in the interest IR wavebands, such as (3.8~4.1�Ym) and (4.5~4.7�Ym). This window��s functionalities will enrich the major performances of the current open-air test IR source systems. The proposed IR window device is in standalone, enabling the operation flexibly with the present and under developing open-air test IR sources. This device offers intrinsic advantages of color ratio change in speed, large dynamic range, capability of operation in the outdoor severe environment, and great potential of profiling multiple spectrum bands. In the Phase I program, we will demonstrate a functional prototype of dynamic IR absorption type attenuation window with fast response and continuous ratio change. This experimental result will define our innovative system design concept, leading to a fully functional system in Phase II.

AMBP TECH CORP. 201 Circle Drive No., Suite 102-103 Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 469-1591 Dr. David H. Strome NAVY 07-013 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Dynamic Color Ratio Infrared Simulator Source
Abstract:	AMBP Tech's concept for a dynamic color-ratio infrared simulator source is based on technology related to large-area deformable mirrors. For spatial resolution it builds on the example of the state-of-the art ISTAR system, but with respect to spectral content it incorporates more than one sub-source per source, each operating, in conjunction with additional optical elements, so as to radiate independently in each of two infrared wavelength bands.

KLAB CORP. 5 Ilene Court, Building 7, Unit 10 Hillsborough, NJ 08844
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(908) 904-1400 Dr. Kaiyan Zhang NAVY 07-013 Awarded: 11APR07
Title:	Dynamic Color Ratio Infrared Simulator Source
Abstract:	Typical threat missile signatures have a definitive characteristic color ratio signature. Infrared (IR) missile warning systems currently under development use two-color processing to discriminate missile threat signatures from non-threat signatures. It is necessary to have a dynamic color ratio capability to more realistically simulate various threat missile signatures. K Lab Corporation proposes to develop a robust IR simulator source that provides continuum spectrum between 2-5 micrometer, with controllable power intensities over the entire MIR radiant band, over one narrow pre-selected wavelength band, as well as the dynamic color ratio between two selectable wavelength bands. This IR source can be easily scaled up and integrated into an open-air surface-to-air missile simulator system.

OPTRA, INC. 461 Boston Street Topsfield, MA 01983
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 887-6600 Mrs. Julia Rentz Dupius NAVY 07-013 Awarded: 07MAR07
Title:	Two Color Dynamic Scene Generator
Abstract:	OPTRA proposes the development of a fieldable two-color infrared (IR) source simulator based on fused projected images of two digital micromirror devices (DMDs), one for each IR spectral band. Our approach employs a broadband thermal IR source with a series of spectral filters to flood the DMDs with characteristic "red spike" and "blue spike" IR energy, respectively. The relative intensities of the two spectral bands are controlled through the duty cycle of the "on" image reflected by each DMD. We fuse the two simulated images and project the composite with a telescope of aperture diameter chosen to meet the radiant intensity requirements of this application. The overall approach offers a realistic IR source image of characteristic spectral, temporal, and radiant intensity properties of an actual missile plume.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda BlvdSuite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 954-2200 Dr. Randy van Daalen Wetters NAVY 07-013 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Dynamic Color Ratio Infrared Simulator Source
Abstract:	The Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), Weapons Division, China Lake, has a requirement to develop a Dynamic Color Ratio Infrared Simulator (DCR-IRS) source for open-air test and evaluation (T&E) of missile warning and countermeasures systems. "Two-color" IR sensors employed by missile warning systems are used to discriminate against false threats by examining the "color ratio" of the signature, more specifically, the relative power in two mid-IR bands. Since the spectral (mid-IR) signatures of missile plumes can change significantly during the missile flight, an IR simulation with a dynamic color ratio capability is required for realistic T&E of these two-color missile warning systems. Technology Service Corporation (TSC) is proposing three innovative solutions to the DCR-IRS requirement. The primary solution, based on technology employed in the Infrared Simulator and Target Array (ISTAR) system at NAWC, uses flame sources configured to dynamically control the power levels in two mid-IR bands. Additional solutions use lasers and lamps to generate the required spectral signature. Under Phase I, TSC will investigate these solutions and others, performing tradeoff studies to establish feasibility; then, in Phase II, TSC will develop and demonstrate a proof-of-concept system that will provide ISTAR with an initial DCR-IRS capability.

APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES CORP. 475 Bridge StreetSuite 100 Groton, CT 06340
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 448-3253 Dr. Joshua Wilson NAVY 07-014 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Sonobuoy System and Concept of Operations for Time-Reversal-Based Target Detection
Abstract:	Existing multistatic airborne ASW systems require high power sources and are unable exploit the significant forward scattering target strengths due to the blinding presence of the direct blast. Time reversal (TR) is a recent method for focusing acoustic energy at a point using a pair of vertical line transducer arrays and offers the opportunity to exploit forward scattering from submarines. TR focusing can provide a measure of propagation channel stability, which provides a means for determining when the medium is disrupted as would occur when a scatterer such as a submarine passes between the two arrays. Moreover, because there is significant spatio-temporal focusing gain to be had with TR, there exists the opportunity to use lower power transmissions. Here we propose to determine the feasibility of a TR sonobuoy system for airborne ASW in the frequency band of a DICASS (AN/SSQ-62) sonobuoy and using vertical line arrays similar in dimension to a VLAD (AN/SSQ-77) sonobuoy. Operating at DICASS frequencies allows for achievable array apertures, exploits extremely high forward target strengths (> 50 dB) and improves the sensitivity of the TR. Post Phase I efforts would include implementing modifications to existing sonobuoy hardware for in-water demonstrations.

SIGNAL SYSTEMS CORP. 877 Baltimore Annapolis Blvd Suite 210 Severna Park, MD 21146
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 431-7148 Dr. Laurence Riddle NAVY 07-014 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Time Reversal Sonobuoy System
Abstract:	Signal Systems Corporation and team member, Scripps Oceanographic Institution, will investigate the feasibility of using time reversal acoustics in a sonobuoy-based forward scatter barrier and monostatic/bistatic active ASW system with reverberation nulling.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Patrick J. Magari NAVY 07-015 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	Catapult Elongation Sensor
Abstract:	Average catapult power cylinder temperature is currently inferred from elongation of the cylinder row, as measured by comparing the position of a pointer attached to the vented power cylinder relative to a graduated scale located on the flight deck. The Bow Safety Observer (BSO) must repeatedly take this reading from the flight deck during operations and then communicate the elongation to the Integrated Catapult Control Station (ICCS) or Central Charging Panel (CCP) to properly set catapult controls. Creare proposes to develop an automated system to measure the power cylinder elongation to reduce workload and safety risk for flight deck personnel and improve launch performance. This device will automatically provide a high-resolution, deck-temperature-corrected measurement to the ICCS/CCP and will maintain the existing pointer as a manual backup. During Phase I, we will evaluate several promising contact and non-contact measurement methods and design and fabricate prototypes of the most promising approaches. Phase I testing will help identify issues with possible approaches and synthesize solutions to address these issues. Phase I is intended to select the optimal approach, and Phase II will include the detailed development of a prototype that can be tested on a carrier.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Michael White NAVY 07-015 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Inductive Catapult Elongation (ICE) smart sensor for Catapult Elongation Sensing
Abstract:	The current technique for measurement of aircraft carrier catapult thermal elongation, while effective, is manpower intensive, slowly communicated, and potentially dangerous. Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes a powerful new enabling technology for sensing linear displacement of the catapult end automatically using a non-contacting, inductive technique. This technique uses the physical phenomenon of mutual inductance between an engineered conductive target and a planar array of conductors, both encapsulated in steel housings to form a sensor module. The sensor module outputs an electrical reading of displacement to a remote readout and display circuitry. To achieve this, PSI is teaming with OEM sensor provider Zettlex Limited, a world leader in monolithic, encapsulated, non-contact position sensing. The proposed measurement technique requires no moving parts, including bearings or couplings, no precise mounting, and no hands-on calibration. The result is an ideal linear displacement measurement for extreme shock and temperature environments where mechanical tolerances are difficult to maintain.

VISIDYNE, INC. 10 Corporate PlaceSouth Bedford Street Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 273-2820 Mr. John J. Atkinson NAVY 07-015 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	A Passive, Rugged, Fiber Optic Catapult Elongation Sensor
Abstract:	Visidyne proposes a novel fiber optic sensor to measure the elongation of steam catapults used by the Navy for launching aircraft. The sensor, originally developed by Visidyne for use in environments found in and around jet aircraft engines, is completely passive at the measurement point and so can operate in very harsh, high temperature environments. There are no electronics at the measurement head to limit high temperature operation. The stimulus and signal readout are coupled to the measurement head via optical fibers which can be tens of meters or longer, allowing remote operation with complete immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Repeatability and absolute accuracy on the order of a hundred micrometers and resolution of better than ten micrometers is achievable.

TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP. 1900 S. Sepulveda BlvdSuite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 954-2200 Dr. Randy van Daalen Wetters NAVY 07-016 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Reactive Missile Plume Simulator for Open-Air Testing
Abstract:	The Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), Weapons Division, China Lake, has a requirement to develop a Reactive Missile Plume Simulator (RMPS) for open-air test and evaluation (T&E) of infrared (IR) missile warning and countermeasures systems. Adequate evaluation of Directional Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) requires that missile plume signatures be simulated for both jammed and non-jammed missile conditions. The high DIRCM IR tracker resolution dictates a continuous spatial plume simulation. Technology Service Corporation (TSC) is proposing two innovative solutions to the RMPS requirement. The primary solution, based on technology employed in the Infrared Simulator and Target Array (ISTAR) system at NAWC, uses extended infrared sources configured end to end to define jammed missile trajectories. The sources (10 meters in length) are instrumented with detectors for IR bands I, II, and IV to monitor DIRCM. A secondary solution, with potential for high simulation fidelity and flexibility, uses a remotely-controlled Organic Air Vehicle with a compact IR source and IR band I, II, and IV detectors. Under Phase I, TSC will investigate these solutions and others, performing tradeoff studies to establish feasibility; then, in Phase II, TSC will develop and demonstrate a proof-of-concept system that will provide ISTAR with an initial RMPS capability.

LAKOTA TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS, INC. PO Box 1180 Laurel, MD 20725
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 725-1700 Mr. J. Robert Pence NAVY 07-017 Awarded: 27MAR07
Title:	Recognition of High-Range-Resolution (HRR) Profile Signatures of Moving Ground Targets for Combat Identification (CID)
Abstract:	Limited success of current High Range Resolution (HRR) Aided Target Recognition (AiTR) approaches are largely due to the following shortcomings: 1) the heavy reliance on HRR profile features that are susceptible to measured HRR profile variability and 2) the attempt to declare targets at the highest level of specificity (e.g. T-72 instead of Tank) in all cases. The first shortcoming limits HRR AiTR performance because measured HRR profiles are susceptible to measurement noise, translational range migration (TRM), rotational range migration (RRM), speckle reflection, and self-occlusion. As a result, current approaches that use such HRR features cannot confidently discriminate between many target types. The second shortcoming aggravates the first by attempting to make highly specific target recognition declarations among ambiguous target types that typically exhibit only subtle differences in HRR profile features. In the proposed solution, Temporal Feature Correlation with Hierarchical Reasoning (TFC-HR), these shortcomings are overcome by employing: 1) HRR profile features that are robust to real-world sources of HRR profile variability and 2) hierarchical feature clustering that allows for target recognition at varying levels of specificity.

MIAMI VALLEY AEROSPACE, LLC 2815 N. Hampton Rd. Springfield, OH 45502
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 231-5689 Dr. James Schmitz NAVY 07-017 Awarded: 22MAR07
Title:	Recognition of High-Range-Resolution (HRR) Profile Signatures of Moving Ground Targets for Combat Identification (CID)
Abstract:	Recent conflicts and world events have highlighted the need for one-hundred percent positive identification of intended targets before the launch of human or machine guided weapons. Recent advancements in numerous technology areas have empowered the consideration of placing aided target recognition (AiTR) capabilities on tactical airborne platforms. MVA proposes to investigate a hierarchical AiTR algorithm - including signal processing tradeoffs, synthetic template generation, and extensible databases and processing capabilities of tactical aircraft. Our innovative concept, tightly integrates the synthetic template database, AiTR algorithms and signal processing with the High-Range Resolution (HRR) mode of the radar sensor. Our approach included the development and integration of algorithms to provide extreme confidence detection and identification capability for time critical moving ground targets.

MODERN TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC. 4725 B EISENHOWER AVENUE ALEXANDRIA, VA 22304
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 212-8870 Mr. Elvis Dieguez NAVY 07-017 Awarded: 22MAR07
Title:	Recognition of High-Range-Resolution (HRR) Profile Signatures of Moving Ground Targets for Combat Identification (CID)
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the advantages of using a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model for Aided Target Recognition of High Range Resolution (HRR) radar. A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based technique has been previously shown to provide aided recognition of HRR with high probability of correct identification and low probability of error. This proposal extends current HMM techniques by utilizing a generalized HMM, known as the Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model, with several attractive properties not found in classic HMMs - in particular superior ability to learn the different stochastic levels and length scales present in the structure of the target features. One key difficulty in the application of any HMM is parameter estimation. The unknown parameters are typically point-estimated in a Maximum A Posterior (MAP) or Maximum Likelihood (ML) sense using an Expectation Maximization algorithm. We propose to utilize a Variational Bayes (VB) algorithm that does not generate a point estimate for the parameters but an approximation to the full posterior of the model parameters. The VB technique has shown in many applications to be less sensitive to overfitting and better-suited for active learning; the VB solution also allows one to perform model selection, here concerning the appropriate number of HMM states.

ACUITY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 3475 Edison WayBldg P Menlo Park, CA 94025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 369-6783 Dr. MIichael Lin NAVY 07-018 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Variable Remapping of Airborne Imagery
Abstract:	We propose to design and implement algorithms for the remapping of scenes from one or more existing views. The routines to be developed will present realistic virtual views from any desired direction. Realism of the views increases with additional information about the cameras, scene and with the number of views. We show that realistic reprojections do not require multiple source views if given information about the camera that is typically available with imagery obtained from an airborne platform. Methods for presenting the optimal remapping given any level of information are presented. The methods working from the least information are also the fastest, and real-time processing of high resolution video data streams can easily be accomplished with small, lightweight systems.

AERODYNE RESEARCH, INC. 45 Manning Road Billerica, MA 01821
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 663-9500 Mr. Frank J. Iannarilli NAVY 07-018 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Variable Remapping of Airborne Imagery
Abstract:	Recent enabling technologies are allowing Navy F18 strike aircraft and UAVs to work together fist-in-glove for close-quarters urban combat. Our proposal for TV2 (Targeting Video from VIVID) ties together these assets ever more effectively. TV2 remaps UAV target imagery into targeting imagery as will be seen from the F18's targeting pod. This speeds F18 visual cueing and target confirmation. Aerodyne's innovative approach side-steps need for online signature code computations, enabling TV2 real-time execution on COTS hardware, yet producing high-fidelity imagery. Two key modules comprise TV2. (1) View extrapolation, involving inference of target geometry, represents view-dependent illumination and shadowing effects not possible from image-warping or conventional IBR. (2) Atmospheric correction employs pre-computed physics, correcting color balance and saturation loss without needing non-portable hardware acceleration. Our Phase 1 effort will confirm the TV2 and transit case processor (TCP) ConOps with NAVAIR. Employing focused algorithm prototyping and testing, we will determine the best candidate view extrapolation algorithm and validate our pre-computed atmospheric correction scheme, all using efficient tools and methodologies in-hand. In Phase 2 we will fully implement and integrate TV2 with the VIVID algorithms on the TCP. The delivered TCP will be ready for Phase 3 T&E demonstration and subsequent operational transition.

SET ASSOC. CORP. 1005 N. Glebe Rd.Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 965-9964 Dr. Reuven Meth NAVY 07-018 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Variable Remapping of Airborne Imagery
Abstract:	UAV to target-platform handoff requires the capability to remap imagery to conditions of the target platform to enable accurate identification (ID). SET proposes to design, demonstrate feasibility, and implement an operational system to provide variable remapping of airborne imagery. We propose to evaluate novel view synthesis solutions for instances where targets lie predominantly on a dominant plane as well as those for which non-planar characteristics are extractable. Rapid methods for both cases using computed homographies, properties of the image acquisition scenario, and platform metadata will be analyzed for effectiveness in terms of view synthesis and real-time implementation. We will analyze performance with respect to system parameters including range and perspective uncertainty, reliability of the synthesized view, latency effects and the overall enhancement of confirmatory ID (CID) due to the view synthesis. The system design incorporates correction for auxiliary conditions, including atmospheric and sensor characteristics, to provide target imagery that accurately depicts the expected view from the targeting platform. Feasibility of the proposed approach will be demonstrated in Phase I, with Phase II focusing on the development of a fully evaluated prototype integrated within the Video Verification of Identity (VIVID) platform.

ADAPTIVE METHODS, INC. 5885 Trinity ParkwaySuite 230 Centreville, VA 20120
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 968-8040 Mr. Barclay Roman NAVY 07-019 Awarded: 18APR07
Title:	Whale Search Radar
Abstract:	Marine mammals are often found in areas where US Navy ASW test operations are carried out. Several events have raised levels of concern that sonar emission could be causing deleterious impacts on marine mammals. For instance, in March of 2000, a mass stranding of beaked whales [NOAA report Dec 20, 2001] occurred coincident with an exercise of U.S. Navy ships operating mid-frequency sonar around the Bahamas. Other similar events have occurred. The solicitation objective is to detect, classify, and localize whales and other contacts in an ASW test range in a variety of sea-states. This will be accomplished by the Adaptive Methods and SSR Engineering team with a combination of commercial low-cost radar and other sensors, tracking and classification software, and operator controls and display. A system engineering and R&D development approach is given, with recommendations for work to be performance in Phase I through Phase III. A test data collection system and approach is described that uses available assets. Key R&D algorithms required are identified and developed.

ADVANCED COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES 4022 Liggett dr. San Diego, CA 92106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 838-1218 Jon Schoonmaker NAVY 07-019 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Low Cost Whale Detection and Monitoring with Radar/Optics
Abstract:	Current ASW testing is often limited by the presence of marine mammals on ASW test ranges. The solicitation suggests the development of a radar system and associated algorithms to detect breaching whales in various sea states. The detection would then be handed off to an EO system for verification, classification, etc. The RADAR system must be able to discriminate the marine mammal blow or breach from open ocean breaking waves. The EO system, once queued must be able to reacquire the animal for verification and classification. This proposal suggests using an EO system that would not only be used as a verification/classification system but would also be used to detect non breaching submerged marine mammals in all sea states as well as breaching animals in high sea states. This EO system is combined with a modified COTS radar system which uses a single transmitter and two receivers. We suggest exploiting the phase difference between the two receivers to discriminate blows from open ocean breaking waves.

ARETE ASSOC. P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 413-0290 Dr. Douglas DeProspo NAVY 07-019 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Airborne Radar-based Detection and Characterization of Marine Mammals
Abstract:	Aret� will define the algorithmic, sensor, and platform requirements needed to perform airborne radar-based detection, tracking, and characterization of marine mammals in ocean or littoral battle spaces during Naval anti-submarine warfare (ASW) training and testing activities. Achieving performance in higher, more stressing sea states will be emphasized. Radar-based surveillance technology from airborne platforms represents a new and powerful addition to the traditional marine mammal detection paradigm by enabling high-search-rate operations through long-range, automated day and night operations over 360-degree FOV coverage.

BRAINLIKE SURVEILLANCE RESEARCH, INC. 1081 Camino del Rio South, Suite 209 San Diego, CA 92108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(619) 299-5139 Dr. Robert J. Jannarone NAVY 07-019 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Auto-Adaptive Whale Detection
Abstract:	The objective of this SBIR topic is to develop innovative technologies to search anti-submarine warfare (ASW) test ranges for the presence of whales. This proposal offers such methods in the form of a process that is being refined by Brainlike Surveillance, Inc. This research will prove the feasibility of a special-purpose system, based on the Brainlike process, for improving the effectiveness of whale search radar (WSR). Brainlike will develop a prototype for a special-purpose system, based on the Brainlike process, and evaluate its clutter removal potential. The system will be developed by analyzing radar data containing heavy-tailed noise, extracting features within the Brainlike process framework, and evaluating the potential for Brainlike added value in terms of clutter and processing time reduction. As part of the proposed effort, the prototype will be delivered to the Navy in the form of a demonstration, simulation, and research tool. Doing so will allow the Navy to research and evaluate its potential for a variety of other remote sensing applications.

SET ASSOC. CORP. 1005 N. Glebe Rd.Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 738-6291 Mr. John Reed NAVY 07-019 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Whale Search Radar
Abstract:	Society's environmental concern of possible harm to marine mammals from a number of man-made factors, including man-made sound sources in the sea, has culminated in the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). As a consequence the US Navy faces the challenge of continuance of open ocean anti-submarine warfare training, which generates substantial artificial sound from various Sonar systems, while maintaining compliance with the MMPA. This program facilitates detection and tracking of whales over very wide areas at low cost by developing a Whale Search Radar. The system provides whale presence indications over very large areas quickly and inexpensively using methods that do not disturb the whales, thus providing marine mammal protection and facilitating "at sea" training.

RENAISSANCE SCIENCES CORP. 1351 N Alma School Rd, #265 Chandler, AZ 85224
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 966-2727 Dr. Karl Mathia NAVY 07-020 Selected for Award
Title:	Deployable Intelligent Projection Systems for Training
Abstract:	Renaissance Sciences Corporation and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill propose to develop new "intelligent" projector units (IPUs) that cooperate to create a single seamless wide-area (panoramic) image as part of a deployable visual training system for multiple viewers. The IPUs outwardly look like conventional digital projectors, but when casually arranged together in a set that projects in a common direction, will automatically learn their respective geometric and photometric relationships, and then continually and automatically estimate and correct geometric and photometric errors to maintain a single, seamless, high-fidelity image for multiple distinct viewers. Currently available projector technologies do not offer user-friendly, multi-tiled displays that self-calibrate and compensate for errors resulting from using multiple projectors. Instead, detailed and expensive manual labor is needed to achieve such display arrangements, which is not only inefficient, but also cost-prohibitive when needed in deployable and changing settings.

VIDEO DISPLAY CORP. DBA VDC DISPLAY SYSTEMS 7177 N. Atlantic Avenue Cape Canaveral, FL 32920
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 784-4427 Mr. Timothy M. Hebert NAVY 07-020 Selected for Award
Title:	Deployable Intelligent Projection Systems for Training
Abstract:	Within a matrix of cooperating projectors a hybrid solution, containing both active and passive calibration elements, is essential for achieving automatic and continuous geometric rectification and color uniformity. We propose a method whereby projected structured light is utilized off-line to rapidly calibrate both the geometry and the color uniformity. Calibration camera(s) monitoring the projection surface provide visual feedback and allow a closed loop solution. The video feed of the projector provides a reference against which images, captured by the calibration camera(s), are compared to provide information for passive, on-line geometry and color drift assessment and correction. Detection of significant geometry or color errors - either during setup or normal operation - will trigger an active, off-line calibration procedure.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Jay C. Rozzi, Ph.D. NAVY 07-021 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	A Hand-Held, Non-Contact Wire Stripper
Abstract:	Mechanical wire stripping is completed on a daily basis throughout the military to support modifications or repairs to electrical equipment. In some cases, the ends of conductors need to be stripped, but the most challenging wire stripping occurs when a section of wire must be stripped that is within a wiring harness in a flight-line application. Unfortunately, there are several problems with the current mechanical wire stripping approach, including significant tooling needed to support the large number and types of conductors, the use of improper or unapproved tools, and poor control of the process. These problems are manifested in damaged conductors, incomplete insulation removal, and a considerable increase in man-hours for modifications. Creare's innovation is a novel Non-Contact Stripper (NCS) that is comprised of a compact head, which completes the wire stripping, and a backpack, which contains the support equipment. Our NCS combines the benefits of non-contact wire stripping with the convenience of a hand-held device. During the Phase I project, we will demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by fabricating and testing a proof-of-concept NCS at Creare. During Phase II, we will design, fabricate, and test a full NCS prototype.

DANIELS MANUFACTURING CORP. 526 Thorpe Road Orlando, FL 32824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 855-6161 Mr. Dave Kelly NAVY 07-021 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Alternative/Replacement Wire Stripper
Abstract:	This program will provide solutions in response to the NAVAIR/DOD request for improved wire strippers (used for most aircraft/shipboard electronic and electrical applications) by the development of a database of information, and by the development/testing of new wire stripping concepts and technology. The database of information will help in the development of a national specification for wire strippers and components (leading to a QPL or similar approval process). The study and modeling of new wire stripper concepts will lead to improved performance and sourcing on this critical tool to the performance of aircraft/shipboard wiring systems. The Phase 1 research will focus on the applications and conditions that cause performance compromises with Aircraft/Shipboard wiring, and to examine and present 4 concepts that have not been offered by the tool/hardware industry.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Applied Technologies Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Kang-Bin Chua NAVY 07-021 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Multifunctional Portable Laser Wire Stripper
Abstract:	To address the Navy need for a handheld, portable, rechargeable-battery-operated wire stripper for all wire insulation constructions, insulation types, cable types, and wire gauges in the Navy fleet, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Multifunctional Portable Laser Wire Stripper (MPLaWS). This device is based on a laser, optics, and optomechanics for stripping. Innovative light control enables the MPLaWS to automatically strip wire of all sizes and types without damaging the conductors, selectively removing insulating material from any location along the wire or ribbon cable with great precision, or to create a specific stripping pattern on any ribbon cable. Fumes from the stripping process are filtered and absorbed by a fan-driven sorbent. MPLAWS can operate continuously for approximately 70 min. at 10 W output when used with a 20,000 mAh rechargeable battery. It is free of sophisticated, fragile, and heavy mechanical/kinematic stages, is similar in size to a three D-cell Maglite, and weighs ~2 kg. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of MPLaWS to Navy personnel. In Phase II we plan to field a prototype handheld universal, multifunctional wire stripping system. This technology will significantly reduce aircraft downtime for maintenance, and increase aircraft safety.

BARRON ASSOC., INC. 1410 Sachem PlaceSuite 202 Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 973-1215 Dr. Todd A. Summers NAVY 07-022 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Omni-Directional Capability for Expanded SHARP Field-of-View
Abstract:	The Shared Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP) provides the U.S. Navy with the latest digital tactical reconnaissance capability. NAVAIR wishes to make SHARP data available to a larger number of surface terminals, thus expanding the SHARP Close Air Support mission capability. Coupled with concurrent enhancements to incorporate net-centric capabilities on the SHARP, the addition of an omni-directional capability will further enable warfighter access to the SHARP data product and expand the pod's utility. To this end, Barron Associates, Inc., in conjunction with L-3 Communications, Communication Systems-West (L-3 CS-W) and Raytheon, propose to develop an omni-directional capability for the SHARP, which will enhance the reconnaissance pod with improved rear hemispheric coverage, provide a smaller minimal data link standoff, aid in the acquisition process, and improve data transmission time to the greatest number of surface terminals, thereby providing capabilities for a robust net-centric FORCENet implementation. The Barron team possesses an unrivaled level of expertise with both antenna design and development and the SHARP technology and is intimately acquainted with the implementation details related to the relevant trades; the research team will leverage their experience to design and develop the best omni-directional solution to enhance current and future mission capabilities for the SHARP program.

COHERENT SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL CORP. 21945 Three Notch RoadSuite 100 Lexington Park, MD 20653
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 862-2908 Mr. Bruce I. Smith NAVY 07-022 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Omni-Directional Capability for Shared Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP) Data Link
Abstract:	The current Shared Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP) provides the capability to pass data to vessels at sea, but does not possess the capability to pass real time tactical imagery and data directly to air and ground operators. Passing real time data directly to ground operators increases the ground commander's battle space awareness and command and control of forces. It also facilitates close air support (CAS) to enable friendly forces to accomplish the tactical mission with minimal US casualties. Directional antennas have been the focus of data links in the recent past. This provided Commanders at the operational level good situational awareness of the battlefield, which enabled their planners to design branches and sequels to current plans. Advances in technology can now enable the ground tactical commander to have this same situational awareness and use it to execute a ground operation. An Omni Antenna can provide this capability to the existing SHARP with minimal changes in the pod. The omni antenna will enable data exchange to continue and will improve data transmission to the greatest number of weapon platforms, both in the air and on the ground. This antenna will also enable the greatest field of view for real time sensor to shooter data transfer.

THINKOM SOLUTIONS, INC. 3825 Del Amo Blvd., Suite 200 Torrance, CA 90503
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 371-5486 Mr. William W. Milroy NAVY 07-022 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Omni-Directional Capability for Shared Reconnaissance Pod (SHARP) Data Link
Abstract:	The Navy wants to add multi-band omni-directional transmission capability to the SHARP data link to enhance transfer to ship/shore/ground sites in tactical environments, including during various aircraft maneuvers and flight profiles. ThinKom is proposing to investigate and demonstrate our ultra-wideband (>10:1), low profile (0.5" thick), and shape-conformal WAVETRAP antenna technology as an omni-directional candidate for the SHARP data link pod. ThinKom, under Air Force Topic # AF03-101, is demonstrating WAVETRAP capabilities by addressing the need for airborne JTRS antennas. ThinKom proposes to start N07-022 with the initial AF03-101 WAVETRAP design (200 MHz to 2 GHz, instantaneously), and scale this existing antenna design to operate at 1.5 GHz to 15.5 GHz, while simultaneously "bending" the antenna to conform to the SHARP pod body. WAVETRAP antenna technology does not rely on a ground plane for operation, and shows especially good gain performance toward the horizon and over a hemisphere, making it an excellent airborne antenna candidate.

APPLIED EM, INC. 144 Research Drive Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 224-2035 Dr. C. J. Reddy NAVY 07-023 Awarded: 16FEB07
Title:	Advanced Antenna Pattern and Mutual Coupling Prediction Software
Abstract:	Numerical methods have proved very successful in low and mid frequency (VHF/UHF) regimes. However, these full wave methods are not efficient in handling electrically large problems dealing with radiation and coupling predictions for antennas on aircraft at higher frequencies (S/X/Ku/Ka bands).On the other hand, asymptotic/high frequency (HF) methods, such as the physical optics (PO) method and its modifications based on the physical theory of diffraction (PTD), do not scale with frequency. At these high frequencies, the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) is more efficient and provides a physical ray intepretation for antenna radiation mechanisms and antenna interactions on large aircraft platform. However, simulations of large platforms using UTD has so far been accomplished using airframe models relying on canonical objects, thus, limiting use of UTD codes in handling curved structures such as a fighter aircraft. Applied EM along with its team members is proposing an advanced toolset based on UTD to handle CAD geometries that are body-conforming. This toolset will be also allow for interface with high fidelity antenna modeling tools. The proposed software will be capable of fully or partially coated (with material) realistic aircraft platforms using available diffraction methods. Radiation pattern predictions and coupling among antennas on the airframe will be handled efficiently using ray techniques within the context of UTD. A friendly graphical user interface with pre- and post-processing capabilities will be an integral part of the toolset, and will allow for CAD importing and visualization of realistic aircraft models as well as display of the physics and output datasets.

CEM TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1255 Biltmore Drive Atlanta, GA 30329
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 248-9821 Dr. Laird Prussner NAVY 07-023 Awarded: 16MAR07
Title:	RF Sensor Performance in Electrically Large, Complex Environments
Abstract:	A software system for predicting the performance of antennas mounted on electrically large platforms of arbitrary geometry and with material coatings is proposed. The system will be based on the utilization of high frequency methods for modeling antenna-platform and antenna-to-antenna interactions and the influence of the platform geometry and materials. The system will run on personal computers and will perform the required computations in real or near-real time. The system is intended for use by engineers and will have a graphical user-friendly interface. The proposing team previously developed similar systems for perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) platforms. The systems developed for PEC platforms will be used as a foundation for the new system.

DELCROSS TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 223 East Sixth StreetPO Box 676 Neoga, IL 62447
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(312) 431-7413 Dr. Robert A. Kipp NAVY 07-023 Awarded: 16MAR07
Title:	RF Sensor Performance in Electrically Large, Complex Environments
Abstract:	Modern military and commercial aircraft include numerous RF systems and associated antennas serving a multitude of functions. Typically, the designed free space performance of antennas is degraded by their installation on the airframe. Also, the presence of many RF systems in a small region creates enormous opportunity for undesired inter-system electromagnetic interference (EMI) via antenna-to-antenna coupling. These facts present the antenna/platform integrator with an enormous problem: how to place the numerous antennas on the airframe so that they can perform their stand-alone functions while minimizing interference. We propose to develop a tool that implements asymptotic ray tracing on electrically-large, high-fidelity airframe CAD models to accurately predict installed antenna performances and co-site interference. Phase I will focus on proof-of-concept development and validation core and advanced methods. In Phase II, the computational engine will be coupled with a sophisticated graphical user interface (GUI), with emphasis on visualization to aid the user in problem setup, multi-system management, and interpretation of results. The tool will offer advantages over existing asymptotic solvers through more accurate near field interactions, creeping wave algorithms for realistic geometries, and powerful diagnostic features.

REMCOM, INC. 315 S. Allen St.Suite 222 State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 861-1299 Mr. Joseph Schuster NAVY 07-023 Awarded: 16MAR07
Title:	RF Sensor Performance in Electrically Large, Complex Environments
Abstract:	The radiation from antennas mounted on a geometrically complex platform, such as an aircraft, remains a challenging electromagnetics problem. Since military applications often require multiple antennas on the same platform, the analysis of interference is also important. It is difficult to use full wave electromagnetic solutions for such problems at high frequencies due to computer memory and computation time required. The best alternative is to use full wave methods only to analyze the antenna radiation characteristics, and to use the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) to predict how energy propagates over the electrically large platform. A key advantage of GTD over other high frequency asymptotic methods is the accuracy with which it can model propagation along curved surfaces by means of surface diffracted rays, or creeping waves. The GTD also has the ability to combine creeping waves with diffractions and reflections from other features, such as the wings and stabilizers on aircraft. Another important is the memory and computation time does not increase with frequency, since the time to find the ray paths depends only on the complexity of the geometry not on the electrical size.

ANALYSIS, DESIGN & DIAGNOSTICS, INC. 317 West Forsyth St. Jacksonville, FL 32202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(904) 475-0094 Mr. Gary M. Donoher NAVY 07-024 Awarded: 21MAR07
Title:	Interactive Marine Mammal Communications
Abstract:	A team comprised of Analysis, Design and Diagnostics, Inc. (AD&D), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and Advanced Acoustic Concepts, Inc. (AAC) will provide the air community an effective Marine Mammal Mitigation Program. This team has developed an automated marine mammal detection and classification system which automatically detects and classifies marine mammal vocalizations. Under this effort this system will be modified to support airborne sensors for automated detection and classification of marine mammals. Once the mammal has been classified, an appropriate acoustic stimulus will be generated by the fine parameter estimation (FPE) module to alert the animals to leave an area prior to active operations. The credibility of this approach will be investigated by a scientific review to be conducted by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. An alternative solution to be investigated under this SBIR effort will involve modifying our current system to automatically detect, classify and localize marine mammal vocalizations using airborne sensors. Once the marine mammals have been localized, a new ping plan will automatically be generated in a real time environment by the software developed under this effort. This software will use current Navy policy to ensure that the active sensors used are outside the hazard zone of the detected marine mammals while maintaining a high probability of detection (Pd) during active training exercises.

APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES CORP. 475 Bridge StreetSuite 100 Groton, CT 06340
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 448-3253 Dr. Bruce Abraham NAVY 07-024 Awarded: 29MAR07
Title:	An Interactive Acoustic Approach for Mitigation of Impacts on Marine Mammals
Abstract:	Applied Physical Sciences Corp. (APS) and its proposed subcontractor Applied Research Laboratory of the Pennsylvania State University (ARL/PSU) propose to develop a deployable marine mammal mitigation system. The system will use vector hydrophones to passively detect, track, classify, and localize vocalizing mammals. Using species identification, behavior recognition, and ranging, safe-level acoustic signals will be transmitted to encourage the animals to leave the operations area. Proof-of-concept experiments on captive animals will be performed in phase I, and once permitting is secured in phase II, an in-situ test will be performed on wild pods to demonstrate the effectiveness of a prototype system.

INTERSPECIES COMMUNICATION 301 Hidden Meadow FRIDAY HARBOR, WA 98250
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(360) 378-5186 Mr. Jim Nollman NAVY 07-024 Selected for Award
Title:	Interactive Marine Mammal Communications
Abstract:	Digital audio technology finally allows researchers to conduct a valid assessment of the capabilities of various cetacean species both to use language among their own kind, and to understand sophisticated signals from human beings. We are well poised to make this assessment by utlizing the methods and technology our organization has developed over several years time for communicating playfully with cetaceans in the field. Our objective is to devise sounds and replicable techniques to communicate a proactive message to cetaceans swimming in the path of Navy sonar testing.

SONALYSTS, INC. 215 Parkway NorthP.O. Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 326-3621 Ms. Margaret Bailey NAVY 07-024 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Interactive Marine Mammal Communications
Abstract:	A series of whale strandings have been correlated to the operation of naval medium-frequency active sonars. Sonalysts and WhaleAcoustics will define how to clear an area of cetaceans using non-injurious sound prior to the start of naval exercises. We propose to analyze existing data gathered at the Southern California Offshore Range (SCOR). These continuous broadband recordings include the pings of active sonars and communicative calls produced by identifiable species of cetaceans. Anecdotal evidence suggests that after a few days of Navy exercises, the SCOR region is empty of calling cetaceans. Our analysis will determine how and why this happens, identify the sounds which may be causing the animal's departure, and include ship noise and sonar transmissions. Correlating the occurrence of these sounds with possible changes in the animal's acoustic communication calls and travel directions will provide insights on how to clear an exercise area of cetaceans. The result of these analyses alone could impact future Environmental Impact Statements filed by the Navy with the National Marine Fisheries Service for sonar test ranges and could be brought into court in the continuing legal challenges to the use of Navy sonar under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.

LINDEN PHOTONICS, INC. 270 Littleton Road, Unit #29 Westford, MA 01886
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 392-7985 Dr. Amaresh Mahapatra NAVY 07-025 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Next Generation Aircraft Wiring Insulation
Abstract:	Currently used wire harness technology consisting of Teflon-Kapton-Teflon (TKT) composite tape has some significant performance issues. Kapton-H has been replaced with Teflon -T (Dupont trade name OASIS) which has reduced but not eliminated the hydrolysis problem. Engineers at one of the primes for the V-22 have told us that the one issue with kapton composite is it unravels and once kapton is exposed it is susceptible to hydrolysis. Tape construction suffers abrasion when it is pulled through conduits or been installed since the tape edges tend to catch on even small protrusions. A significant worry for engineers at primes is the cost of TKT composite tape and the fact that it has a single supplier - Dupont. most of these problems can be solved with extruded insulation, but extruded insulations in the past have not met temperature requirements. Linden Photonics proposes the use of a new class of high temperature, high strength materials for use as extruded wire harness insulation, with the following properties: no thermal degradation up to 450 deg.C; excellent chemical stability; no hydrolysis problems even at elevated temperatures; no known arc tracking problems; extrudes well therefore low cost; laser markability; Linden's past experience with these material reduces risk for the proposed Phase 1 effort. Our Phase 1 and 11 sub-contract partner is a V-22 prime which will expedite potential technology insertion.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SWSuite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Dr. UIli Becker NAVY 07-025 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Next Generation Aircraft Wiring Insulation
Abstract:	Wiring repairs represent a large cost segment to the US Navy. According to the Navy, wiring problems cause 1,400 aborted missions per year, 2.5 electrical fires per month, and require 1-2 million operational man-hours per year for trouble shooting/repair. Currently used wire insulation is susceptible to degradation at high service temperatures. Luna's team has developed a novel class of polymers that combine high mechanical strength and thermal stability for this application. These materials will prolong the life span of the wire insulation and thus reduce the number of out-of-service hours due to repair of failed wire insulation. In addition, due to the improved thermal and mechanical properties, this new polymer can be applied as a single sheath coating, thus reducing the weight and cost of the insulation.

TIBURON ASSOC., INC. 1421 Prince StreetSuite 210 Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 458-0470 Mr. Joseph D'Angelo NAVY 07-025 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Next Generation Aircraft Wiring Insulation
Abstract:	This SBIR proposes to investigate various chemical solutions and approaches for improving the chemical and hydrolytic stabilities of polyimide polymers without affecting the insulating properties of the polymer substrate. Through polyimide modification with siloxanes, fluoropolymers and other treatments, permanently water repellent polyimide materials will be produced. Other commercial polymers with superior insulating properties and chemical stabilities will be identified and evaluated as neat polymers and polyimide blends. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and other electrical property measurements will be used to monitor the hydrolytic and chemical degradation resistances of the modified polyimides and commercial polymers during long-term exposure to aqueous alkali solutions and other chemicals. Based on the mechanical and chemical degradation tests and other electrical property testing, three polymer candidates will be selected for further study and optimization. The team will then develop film formation methods for each selected polymer candidate to determine the polymer candidate most suitable for development into a low-cost, high-volume electrical wiring production process. The team's experience in aircraft electrical wiring systems and demonstrated expertise in synthesizing new polymer materials, as well as experiences in transitioning technologies, presents aerospace communities with the opportunity to obtain durable and environmentally compliant next generation wiring insulation materials.

TIBURON ASSOC., INC. 1421 Prince StreetSuite 210 Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 458-0470 Mr. Joseph D'Angelo NAVY 07-025 Selected for Award
Title:	Next Generation Aircraft Wiring Construction
Abstract:	This SBIR proposes to investigate the next generation, electrical signal wire for military aircraft. We purpose as innovative approach which would study both the conductor and the insulator. The conductor will be made of metal plated poly fibers (PBO) which offer significant weight, shear strength and resistance advantages over current aircraft wire types. Commercial polymers with superior insulating properties and chemical stabilities will be identified and evaluated for wire insulations. Based on the mechanical and chemical degradation tests and other electrical property testing, two polymer candidates will be selected for further study and optimization. The team will then develop both PBO conductive signal wire and film formation methods for each selected polymer insulation candidate to determine the candidates most suitable for development into a low-cost, high-volume electrical wiring production process. The team's experience in aircraft electrical wiring systems and demonstrated expertise in synthesizing new polymer materials, as well as experiences in transitioning technologies, presents aerospace communities with the opportunity to obtain durable and environmentally compliant next generation wiring insulation materials.

INNOVATEX, INC. 150 Buckskin Drive Weston, MA 02493
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 358-4186 Mr. Stephen C. Chen NAVY 07-026 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Aircraft Anchoring Device (AAD)
Abstract:	Eliminating manual activities for aircraft tie-down will have significant benefit in reducing carrier manning. A robotic approach would not be practical as manning replaced by robots may be offset by added robot maintenance crew, not to mention that mobile robots may jam the deck space and deck mount robots may impose significant Ship-Alts. INNOVATEX INC proposes an Aircraft Anchoring Device (AAD). The aircraft drops down some suction cups to grab the deck surface just like a ship dropping anchors to grab the ocean floor. Although this approach involves some modifications on the aircraft but the benefit is huge. Phase I effort focuses on demonstrating the concept and developing the control mechanism. Our initial calculation indicated that a 21 inch diameter AAD can hold against 10,000 lbs of pulling force. Depending on the wind over deck, about 6-18 AADs are required to hold down a 60,000 lb aircraft. The design challenge is to make the AAD light weight and foldable so that it can be easily carried by the aircraft. This approach involves no changes on the aircraft carriers.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Michael A. White NAVY 07-026 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Autonomous Aircraft Securing Vehicle (AASV) "Horseshoe Crab" Robot for Flightdeck Applications
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes an Autonomous Aircraft Securing Vehicle (AASV) "Horseshoe Crab" Robot concept to achieve automated aircraft securing for Navy aircraft carrier flight decks with manpower-reducing operation and minimal-impact implementation on future and in-service platforms. A novel, mil-spec-hardened, compact, and light-weight vehicle design which optimally capitalizes on the existing pad-eye infrastructure for a solid frictional bond to the existing deck non-skid surface is proposed. Additionally, an AASV unit utilizing magnetic deck clamping is described which could eliminate the need for pad eyes all together, further increasing securing flexibility.

STRATOM, INC. 5375 Western AvenueSuite A Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(720) 565-9609 Mr. Joe Adans NAVY 07-026 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Aircraft Securing System
Abstract:	The objective of this Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) is to detail a conceptual system, which will enable the securing of aircraft on the carrier deck. This will be performed through the development of a system capable of attaching to the aircraft landing gear, placing chocks at the tires, clamping onto the landing gear strut. TTo meet these criteria, the aircraft securing system will include adjustable chocks, a clamping system to attach to the landing gear, and a system for retracting, tensioning and locking cables. This modular assembly concept will reduce the number of required personnel on the deck. By only utilizing humans where cost effective, the system will minimize the number of humans exposed to hazardous conditions and reduce the lifecycle cost of the aircraft carrier.

ACREE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1900 Bates Ave.Suite G Concord, CA 94520
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 798-5770 Dr. Mike McFarland NAVY 07-027 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Innovative Approaches to the Fabrication of Composite Helicopter Tail Booms
Abstract:	Current production methods of tail booms for rotary-wing aircraft are expensive, inefficient, and produce hazardous byproducts. Conventional methods for production of high end composite parts are both labor intensive and expensive. Alternate methods, such as curing parts in ovens to eliminate expensive autoclave operations, still do not eliminate the high cost of the tooling that needs to withstand the high temperature cures. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using 3-D weaving and innovative electron beam curing of polymer matrix composites for low-cost fabrication of low production rate, high-performance tail booms for Navy and Marine Corp rotary-wing aircraft. By using off-axis 3-D woven fabrics, the composites will have increased tolerance for torsional loads which are critical to helicopter tail booms. Furthermore, electron beam curing is less expensive, faster, safer, and produces higher performing parts then traditional curing techniques.

ADC ACQUISITION CO. DBA AUTOMATED DYNAMICS 407 Front Street Schenectady, NY 12305
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(518) 377-6471 Mr. Kurt Kimball NAVY 07-027 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Innovative Approaches to the Fabrication of Composite Helicopter Tail Booms
Abstract:	Light weight, low cost structures is the direction that many aerospace companies are working toward. Our objective in this Phase I program is to demonstrate our low cost effective manufacturing methods with thermoplastic composites while maintaining structural integrity. A continuous graphite fiber reinforced thermoplastic prepreg tape will be used in conjunction with our automated in-situ fiber placement technology to demonstrate repeatable, accurate and low labor methods to produce high quality composite helicopter tail booms. Our use of continuous fiber reinforced prepreg tape allows us to tailor the lay-up to suit the design criteria at hand. Our technology offers the ability to integrate stiffening components into the skin structure without the use of conventional mechanical fasteners. Instead we will demonstrate the melt bonding attachment techniques that result in totally integrated structure without the use complicated, high cost tooling or fasteners. These techniques offer the ability to produce a finished part of almost any geometry in a single set-up step. There is not the need for labor intensive post processing that is inherent with many other composite manufacturing methods. This technology is both versatile and robust enough to produce a variety of different part configurations in a low cost fashion while still maintaining the high quality demanded by the aerospace world.

KAZAK COMPOSITES, INC. 10F GIll Street Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 932-5667 Mr. Robert DaSilva NAVY 07-027 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Low Cost, Flexible Pultruded Design for Helicopter Tail Booms
Abstract:	The Flexible Pultruded Design (FPD) for composite helicopter tail booms utilizes low cost adjustable tooling and the automated pultrusion process to provide very high quality and very low part unit cost. FPD is ideal for early fabrication of flightworthy structure during SDD and LRIP program phases. FPD is comprised of sandwich construction utilizing X-Cor core (comprised of a multitude of fine pins) that provides Z-direction thru-thickness reinforcement as well as shear strength and stiffness. FPD sandwich construction provides high structural efficiency (i.e. lightweight) and features a structural shape that allows four identical pultruded details to be trimmed and assembled to form a completed tail cone assembly, including taper if needed, where the width and height dimensions can be independently accomplished without affecting the pultrusion die. The panel features a molded (pultruded) panel joint that is tooled and designed for optimum joint quality and strength using a bonded/bolted construction. The Z-pins in the core provide enhanced ballistic tolerance, which offers considerable benefit in applications such as helicopter tail cones where small enclosed volume and nonredundant load paths often exhibit ballistic vulnerability. Phase I will generate full scale proof-of-concept Demonstration hardware.

C3I, INC. 4 Merrill Industrial Dr.Ste 108 Hampton, NH 03842
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 929-9989 Mr. Charles J. Wagner NAVY 07-028 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	AMLCD Improved Reliability Uniform Spectral Emissive Driver (AIRUSED) Display Backlight Technology
Abstract:	The RGB LED High Performance and High Reliability LCD Backlight effort proposes to develop a modular, high efficiency full color spectrum RGB LED backlight capability for cockpit sized active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCD's). The design approach will develop a modular RGB LED backlight assembly that is capable of integrating with cockpit instrument displays. The proposed design will incorporate a closed loop backlight color control system with a communication link between the backlight engine and the instrument graphics controller. It will include a spectral RGB photodiode sensor to provide feedback to maintain desired spectral output of the backlight to compensate for aging, binning effects in the LED's, display head interchangeability, and color correlation information on the displayed graphics for optimized contrast. The spectral RGB sensor will be standardized against the CEI color spectrum for inter-operability. The spectral sensor and backlight system will be developed to provide NVIS compatibility. The proposed effort will extrapolate from existing C3I work in RGB LED spectral color control and backlighting developments. The proposed effort will include exploration of new fabrication techniques that improve on heat management, reliability, and ability to meet severe environmental performance requirements of shock, vibration, EMI, thermal stress and other performance related issues that may be identified.

LUMINIT, LLC 20600 Gramercy Place, Suite 203 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-1066 Dr. Evgeni Poliakov NAVY 07-028 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Homogenized Hybrid Ultra-Bright Backlight
Abstract:	To address the US Navy need for a high-performance direct-view LED-based AMLCD display, Luminit, LLC proposes to develop an innovative high-luminescence, high-contrast, high optically and electronically efficient airborne Homogenized Hybrid Ultra-Bright Backlight (2HUB2). This inexpensive and reliable device is based on mature backlight technology (which couples excellently with recent LED innovations, utilizes just a few (1-2) superior-quality films in the stack), a hybrid diffuser technology, low cost electronics and smart synchronization. The device will offer unparalleled performance in homogenization and brightness (more than 350 ft-Lambert), increase the efficiency by 40%, provide high contrast ratio and enhanced image clarity. The power consumption of the 2HUB2 system is estimated to be 8 W, achieved by employing ultra-thin, fully synchronized LED array-based innovative Phase I design. In Phase I Luminit will demonstrate the feasibility of 2HUB2 by laboratory proof-of-concept device of 6,e8 in. size consisting of LED sources, the backlight itself, and AMLCD display, and will perform the extensive testing of its components, power, synchronization, electronics, and display properties, including reliability. In Phase II Luminit plans to develop a full-size integrated version of 2HUB2 aimed for airborne applications with night-vision capabilities.

PICO TECHNOLOGIES 821 Lake Port BoulevardSuite G 512 Leesburg, FL 34648
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(352) 360-0696 Mr. Hank Johannson NAVY 07-028 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Smart Display Backlighting
Abstract:	This proposes research and development of "smart" backlighting for active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) employed in combat aircraft. "Smart" backlighting means advanced technology that enhances performance and significantly improves mission effectiveness. Effectively controlled light emitting diodes (LEDs) synchronize backlighting illumination with display imagery, producing clear pictures with high contrast. The proposed device fits in back of LCDs, and consists of a front plane (the LED array), and a back place (the controlling electronics) integrated with the data stream illuminating the display. In the LED front plane, electricity is directly converted into visible light. In the back plane, the high switching speed of electronics tightly control front plane pixels. Other performance metrics are also measurably improved, including lower power requirements and heat produced, better than in currently available commercial products. The proposed device is environmentally rugged, tolerant of operational vibration, and resisting electromagnetic interference from cockpit instruments. The result is highly dependable performance. Product brightness can be manually adjusted so that it is night vision compatible. LED technology has a long history of use in many commonplace consumer products with high reliability, and the proven technology is poised to economically respond to the many performance challenges of this important application.

ADVANCED SIMULATION DISPLAYS CO. 6846 Captiva Cove Salt Lake City, UT 84121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 944-2426 Mr. Ronald Muffler NAVY 07-029 Selected for Award
Title:	Low-Cost, Eye Limiting Resolution, Immersive Display
Abstract:	Advanced Simulation Displays (ASD) proposes to leverage the work already accomplished building seamless wide field of view displays utilizing commerical flat panel display technology. Three of these systems have been build and delivered utilizing fifty inch plasma panels combined to provide a seamless scene for UH-1H simulators. In addition, ASD is under contract to build three channel seamless plasma displays for the Navy's P3 TORT program. All of these systems that have been developed to date, implement technology developed and is currently patent pending, to tile flat panel displays in either the horizontal or vertical direction. This proposal takes the technology developed by ASD and extends it to allow seamless tiling in both the horizontal and vertical directions simultaneously. In addition, to extending the horizontal and vertical fields of view, at least one display channel will be augmented with a secondary flat panel which will be incorporated into the baseline design to provide 3D stereo imagery in a limted viewing area to support close in visual training tasks. The entire display can also be vertically pivoted to place the display in the optimum postion as required for each training task.

BUGEYE TECHNOLOGIES 1442 Hoelzer Court Pacific, MO 63069
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(636) 257-3530 Mr. Edward J. Elking Jr. NAVY 07-029 Selected for Award
Title:	Low-Cost, Eye Limiting Resolution, Immersive Display
Abstract:	Bugeye Technologies, Inc. will provide research and development to design cost-effective, simulation displays, both fixed and deployable, that have increased resolution, with realistic brightness and contrast, with limited stereographic capability.

ARETE ASSOC. P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 501-2880 Dr. Paul Carter NAVY 07-030 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Magnetic Noise Mitigation on an Agile UAV
Abstract:	The next generation of ultra-small magnetic sensors will be deployed on small UAVs for a variety of military and commercial applications. The algorithms resulting from this SBIR will allow these new sensors to perform near their sensor noise level. While the U.S. Navy will accrue obvious benefits in submarine and buried littoral target detection, the Army will deploy mass swarms of small UAVs against IEDs and buried land mines. The intelligence community could benefit from an improved ability to detect underground facilities and buried weapons of mass destruction. The new noise mitigation system with the new sensors will help transition the environmental and geophysical survey industry to a wide array of small unmanned aircraft. Cheaper UAV alternatives to lengthy surveys with manned aircraft and large scalar sensors will become the norm. Benefits will include lowering costs for mineral exploration, environmental hazards detection, and construction costs, resulting in a larger and more profitable industry.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Brian H.Y. Xu NAVY 07-030 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Adaptive Cancellation of Magnetic Background Noise for Anti-Submarine Warfare
Abstract:	To address the Navy's need for magnetic noise mitigation algorithms to improve the range and performance of magnetic anomaly detection sensors to support anti-submarine warware, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Sensor Integrated Magnetic ELF/ULF Noise Mitigation (SIMENM) system based on a customized POC 3D geometric magnetic compensation (GMC) framework and a network of COTS ancillary sensors. The innovation in self-identification, isolation, and mitigation of correlated, non-linear, and non-Gaussian noise will enable the system to significantly reduce the platform and environmental noise level in the measurements of a highly sensitive scalar magnetometer and achieve the stated noise reduction goal: 40 (threshold)/10 (objective) pT/root Hz @ 0.05 Hz and 1 (threshold)/0.3 (objective) pT/root Hz from 1 to 10 Hz. The adaptive cancellation is achieved through a bidirectional state updating process, forward propagation of uncertainties, and backward propagation of constraint errors. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of SIMENM by identifying, designing, and integrating key system components into a subscale demonstration prototype. In Phase II we plan to develop a full-scale sensor prototype that can be tested, evaluated, demonstrated, and adapted for insertion into ongoing acquisition programs, including Littoral Antisubmarine Warfare and Air Antisubmarine Warfare.

POLATOMIC, INC. 1810 N. Glenville Dr. Suite 116 Richardson, TX 75081
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(972) 690-0099 Dr. Douglas D McGregor NAVY 07-030 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Advanced Magnetic Signal Processing for Littoral Antisubmarine Warfare (ASW) Using an Inboard Magnetometer System
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I proposal describes the development of a conceptual design for Matched-field Gradiometer Processing (MGP) for ASW, an advanced processing approach capable of taking advantage of recent and pending advances in ultra high-sensitivity scalar laser magnetometer development for airborne and undersea ASW. This matched-field approach to magnetic gradiometer processing for magnetic anomaly detection in ASW systems will provide unprecedented precision in magnetic noise reduction, detection, target parameter extraction, localization, and prosecution/tracking. Under this SBIR project, the processing of magnetic sensor data will be defined to provide target information and identification never before accomplished in real-time operation. Advanced noise reduction methodology will be developed to improve and enhance detection and localization of sea and land targets. Under this Phase I Project, the feasibility of implementing this advanced algorithm for operational use in Phase II will be established.

ADVANCED ROTORCRAFT TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1330 Charleston Rd Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 968-1464 Dr. Chengjian He NAVY 07-031 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Innovative Rotorcraft Flight Control Systems Options to Enhance Shipboard Operations
Abstract:	Rotorcraft shipboard operations have been an essential but demanding aspect of modern maritime activities. The shipboard rotorcraft are strongly affected by the unsteady ship airwake and the dynamic ship motion. Significant progress has been made in analyzing these effects on the shipboard operating rotorcraft. There is, however, a lack of research for applying these analytical modeling capabilities to the development of advanced flight control systems in order to benefit the rotorcraft shipboard launch and recovery operations by enhancing flight safety and reducing pilot workload. This proposal aims at developing a unified rotorcraft flight control design and evaluation environment to facilitate a systematic development of advanced rotorcraft flight control system algorithms. The proposed research will (1) develop innovative rotorcraft flight control system algorithms to account for the effects of the shipboard operating environment; (2) develop a shipboard rotorcraft simulation environment to facilitate accurate plant and disturbance model generation and control design evaluation in support of advanced flight control model development; (3) prototype a control toolkit that can be used with user customized modeling and simulation environment; and (4) integrate the control design toolkit into a comprehensive rotorcraft/ship simulation program to demonstrate the functionality and investigate the effects of the ship airwake and the ship motion on rotorcraft performance and dynamics.

BARRON ASSOC., INC. 1410 Sachem PlaceSuite 202 Charlottesville, VA 22901
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 973-1215 Dr. John D. Schierman NAVY 07-031 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Innovative Rotorcraft Control for Shipboard Operations
Abstract:	An adaptive flight control concept is proposed to better compensate for disturbances on the rotorcraft due to ship airwake effects and the moving ship deck during helicopter or tiltrotor shipboard operations. The flight controller could ultimately be used on a fully autonomous system or in a pilot-assist mode on manned rotorcraft. A parameter identification algorithm and an on-line learning approach will be applied to estimate in real-time important effects of the ship airwake and ship motion. The system would identify both the statistical properties of the apparently random characteristics of the airwake as well as the re-peatable and deterministic disturbances of the airwake due to the ship's geometry and motion. A flight controller will be designed that uses the information from the on-line learning algorithms to improve dis-turbance rejection properties of the aircraft. The system would provide enhanced feedback compensation to improve rejection of disturbances due to random airwake forces impinging on the vehicle, and feed-forward compensation to help compensate for deterministic airwake disturbances. A high-fidelity tilt-rotor UAV simulation will be further advanced and employed to demonstrate and evaluate the adaptive control system. Preliminary real-time piloted simulations will be the focus of the Phase I Option effort.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. 34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 538-0444 Dr. Robert M. McKillip, Jr. NAVY 07-031 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Innovative Rotorcraft/Ship Environment Suppression for Enhanced DI Flight Control
Abstract:	Rotorcraft flight operations in the shipboard environment, called the Dynamic Interface, is extremely challenging due to the motion of the ship deck and the surrounding turbulent ship airwake. Higher bandwidth flight controls can improve vehicle handling qualities for supporting both manned and unmanned operations of rotorcraft from ships, but these may only be implemented if due consideration is given for both rotor dynamic response and accurate ship motion measurement. The work proposed here will address these issues through an innovative blending of rotor motion estimation and feedback with augmented measurement of ship deck motion, providing sufficient control system lead for expanding the safe operational environment of rotorcraft in the DI environment. Considerable leverage will be made from CDI's past work in DI simulation, rotorcraft aerodynamic analysis, ship airwake prediction, flight control design, rotor motion sensor hardware development, and rotor state feedback control. Validation of the approach using both batch and manned flight simulation on PCs will be combined with a system integration study to address implementation issues for current and future rotorcraft in the Phase I program. Follow-on work will culminate in a complete hardware-in-the-loop manned flight simulation test program to provide system risk-reduction prior to Phase III flight testing.

INTELLITECH MICROSYSTEMS, INC. 4931B Tesla Drive Bowie, MD 20715
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 860-0825 Dr. Prashanth Krishnamurthy NAVY 07-031 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Innovative Rotorcraft Flight Control Systems Options to Enhance Shipboard Operations
Abstract:	The primary objective of this SBIR Phase I effort is two fold: (1) offering a reliable and robust control law to further enhance the V-22 Flight Control Systems (FCS) beyond its current performance level via an augmented adaptive control scheme and (2) extending the restricted operational envelope (i.e., ship motion, ship airwake, wind-over-the-deck conditions, confined landing areas) of rotorcraft operating in the vicinity of ships. These two objectives are achieved through development of the advocated adaptive high performance robust FCS using two proven adaptive control schemes, namely �-D and Simple Adaptive Control (SAC) architectures. These two design techniques are well recognized by the control community for their robust performance under parametric and functional uncertainties in the system dynamics. In addition, the proposed �-D/SAC design concept also offers several important and attractive design features that are not offered by other modern design techniques. These features include: (1) ease of implementation without demanding high processing power, (2) easily implementable to work in concert with the existing V-22 Flight Software, (3) reliable adaptive performance capability through a direct adaptive control design paradigm without requiring an onboard aircraft parameter estimator.

MALLTECH, LLC 51229 Century Court Wixom, MI 48393
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(248) 730-4177 Mr. Vladimir Fedchun NAVY 07-032 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Innovative Material for Enhancing Landing Gear Life
Abstract:	United States Navy (USN) aircraft landing gear components are currently made from high-strength high-toughness steels (AISI 4340, 300M, AerMet100) that lack corrosion resistance and require external means of corrosion protection, such as chromium or cadmium plating. The USN is in need of a low cost, corrosion-resistant metal alloy with mechanical properties similar to AerMet100. Under the proposed Phase I effort Malltech will utilize a mathematical model based on prior experimental and analytical work with steel alloys to design a new alloy and select appropriate thermal treatment resulting in the desired mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. Limited alloy production and testing will be done to assess feasibility and correlate with the computational model. A similar approach was successfully applied by Malltech in SBIR AF02-147 Phase I & II project to develop a conventionally produced low cost alloy with high strength and high toughness characteristics similar to the AerMet100.

QUESTEK INNOVATIONS LLC 1820 Ridge Avenue Evanston, IL 60201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 425-8241 Mr. Brian E. Tufts NAVY 07-032 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Computational Design of Advanced Alloys for USN Landing Gear
Abstract:	The United States Navy (USN) uses a number of high strength steels, primarily AerMet100, in demanding landing gear structural applications. Unfortunately AerMet100 is expensive and, despite impressive mechanical properties, is subject to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and requires toxic plating operations for corrosion resistance. QuesTek Innovations proposes to apply its proven Materials by Designr methodology to work with the USN to develop a low-cost, high-strength, high-fracture-tough, SCC resistant alloy. Extensive experience and a prior knowledge base in high-strength corrosion-resistant alloys uniquely positions QuesTek to use modeling and simulation technologies to develop this alloy for the USN. In QuesTek's prior work on landing gear steels with both the USN and USAF, several novel prototypes extending the current state of the art in optimizing strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance were designed and developed. QuesTek will extend this prior work to consider two design optima: a high-performance stainless steel, and an AerMet100 drop-in replacement alloy with significantly lower cost. This two-pronged approach reduces technical risk and maximizes the resulting benefits. While the target platform for this program is the Presidential Helicopter; QuesTek envisions performance, cost, and reliability benefits for landing gear systems throughout the USN and commercial aviation.

ADVANCED ROTORCRAFT TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1330 Charleston Rd Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 968-1464 Dr. Chengjian He NAVY 07-033 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Advanced Aircraft Simulator Flight Fidelity Evaluation Measures
Abstract:	While new technology is making flight simulators more affordable, validating the simulators for training applications remains costly. This is mostly due to the inefficiency and inconsistency of the subjective validation approach currently used. Performing trial and error iterations based on the subjective opinion of multiple pilots is costly and inefficient. A major deficiency in the current validation approach is the inability to separately determine the validity of the simulator cueing systems. The subjective validation is end-to-end and the flight dynamics model, after initially being validated in isolation, is ultimately modified to compensate for cueing deficiencies in the total system. Advanced Rotorcraft Technology, Inc. (ART) has proposed a new validation criteria and methodology that provides a quantitative metric for the fidelity of the simulator cueing systems for each training task. The methodology also allows determination of the most cost effective configuration of simulator cueing systems that will satisfy the training requirement. If the cueing systems are inadequate for the training task, this methodology also provides quantitative guidelines for modifying the flight dynamics model to compensate for cueing deficiencies. In Phase I, the proposed methodology will be developed and tested on an in-house OH-58D simulator that ART has tested to FAA Level D standards.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill StreetSuite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 842-1548 Dr. Jared Freeman NAVY 07-033 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Creating Requirements for Operational Safety Support Through Assessment of Flight-simulation Fidelity (CROSSTAFF)
Abstract:	Effective simulator-based training can dramatically increase safety margins when pilots are flying actual aircraft. However, the effectiveness of simulator-based training hinges on the fidelity with which simulators capture critical features of actual flight situations. Aptima proposes to develop measures of aviation simulator fidelity. Our approach involves identifying factors contributing to specific safety vulnerabilities, identifying the extent to which those factors can be replicated in current simulation platforms, identifying the data output capabilities of the simulator platform, and demonstrating how those data could be used to produce meaningful measures of simulation fidelity - that is, measures of the extent to which the simulation captures the critical features related to safety in actual flight. Our development of measures will be accelerated by the use of Aptima's existing suite of performance measurement techniques and tools, which have been applied to training and training simulations for the Navy, Marines, and Air Force.

SDS INTERNATIONAL, INC. 1320 Central Park BoulevardSuite 300 Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(251) 929-3903 Dr. Fred Patterson NAVY 07-033 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Fidelity Assessment Simulator Tool (FAST) for Advanced Aircraft Simulator Flight Fidelity Evaluation Measures
Abstract:	Typically, flight simulators are designed with the intent of expanding pilot skill levels in, low risk, cost effective environments. Military pilots often encounter a very broad spectrum of mission requirements, composed of many subtasks; therefore flight simulator fidelity requirements will presumably vary with the complexity of skills required to complete a particular mission. The current problem is how to objectively (and consistently) match simulator fidelity with operational flight trainer acceptance while keeping factors such as cost, risk, visual scene image generation (IG), training mission requirements, simulator components (hardware and software), and training time, manageable, reliable, and realistic. When comparisons between mechanical parameters and software performance are conducted, it's not unusual that fidelity requirements are sometimes based upon how much technology an organization can afford, instead of assessing technology levels needed for optimal training environments. To alleviate the problem of matching fidelity with desired training outcomes, SDS proposes the development of a software based, Fidelity Assessment Simulator Tool (FAST) that provides valid, reliable, and accurate simulator fidelity comparisons of any type of aircraft. These objective comparisons will enable the Navy/Marine Corps to maximize training investments through simulator fidelity analysis, to gauge how well specific requirements are met during simulated training evolutions.

VIRTUAL SIMULATION & TRAINING, INC. 1538 Scottsgate Court North Xenia, OH 45385
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 879-4183 Mr. Randall L. Olson NAVY 07-033 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Advanced Aircraft Simulator Flight Fidelity Evaluation Measures
Abstract:	VVVVVThe problem building build a ground based training device that accurately replicates the aircraft well enough to accomplish the training has been the challenge since before World War II. Advanced aircraft flight fidelity measures are needed to better quantify the criteria required to define if the training fidelity is good enough for Navy/Marine Corps operational flight trainer acceptance. VSAT will conduct research to define a set of simulator aircrew performance measures that are necessary to evaluate current aircrew performance and predict future performance. VSAT will also conduct research to define a set of fidelity measurements for various simulator subsystems. VSAT will establish the relationship between the two sets of measurements to show that the fidelity measurements provide can demonstrably support the aircrew performance measurements.

INNOVATIVE DEFENSE TECHNOLOGIES 3150 South StreetSuite PH2A Washington, DC 20007
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 701-4922 Mr. Bernie Gauf NAVY 07-034 Selected for Award
Title:	Military Training Systems Acceptance Test & Evaluation
Abstract:	The Navy's flight and maintenance training simulators systems are growing in complexity, and becoming more and more dependent on COTS HW and SW, as well as, the successful re-use of software developed from other programs. Despite the advances in development practices and tools, the goals of accelerating the rate at which training systems can be delivered, and accepted, while reducing their costs cannot be met without comparable improvement in the practices and tools for acceptance testing. Training system deficiencies that are not identified and corrected during testing have resulted in reduced performance and training effectiveness. An excellent opportunity exists to rapidly accelerate the ability to deliver advanced capabilities of training systems by significantly reducing the overall acceptance testing timeframe through the use of commercial testing automation tools, which are either existing or emerging, throughout the test and evaluation life cycle.

LUMARRAY, INC. 15 Ward Street Somerville, MA 02143
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 253-6865 Dr. Henry I. Smith NAVY 07-035 Awarded: 15MAR07
Title:	Zone-Plate-Array Lithography for Mask Making and Military Integrated-Circuit (IC) Manufacturing
Abstract:	The zone-plate-array-lithography (ZPAL) system being commercialized by Lumarray, Inc. (the ZP-150) is proposed as the ideal means of providing quick turn-around on masks for DoD integrated-circuit manufacturing, as well as for maskless direct patterning of wafers. We propose to deliver 10 photomasks, made on the ZP-150, to the University of Maryland and 3 photomasks to a DoD manufacturer. In addition, three wafers will be exposed on the ZP-150 for both Univ. Maryland and the DoD manufacturer. Maskless lithography is the most cost-effective solution for manufacturing IC's in low volume. ZPAL has delivered high-quality lithography, and promises pattern-placement accuracy and throughput that is superior to what is possible with electron-beam lithography. We show that by means of absorbance modulation, ZPAL technology can be extended to sub-20 nm resolution, and that anticipated improvements in the pixel count and addressing rate of spatial-light modulators will enable ZPAL throughput to approach that of optical-projection lithography.

ACULIGHT CORP. 22121 20th Avenue SE Bothell, WA 98021
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 482-1100 Dr. Roy Mead NAVY 07-036 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Modulated Pulsed Laser Sources for Imaging Lidars
Abstract:	A pulsed fiber laser capable of very rapid amplitude modulation is proposed. Producing more than 5 W output at 532 nm, the system incorporates a very fast fiber-coupled electro-optic modulator, capable of reproducing waveforms up to the 10 GHz range. When used in a hybrid lidar-radar system, the laser will enable discrimination against multiply scattered photons, powerfully enabling imaging of targets even in very turbid water. Fiber laser technology enables the laser to be robust, alignment- and contamination-insensitive, and inherently ruggedizable. The laser (based upon recently commercialized designs) is very compact and power-efficient, enabling near-term deployment in Naval systems.

ADVR, INC. 2310 University WayBuilding #1 Bozeman, MT 59715
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(406) 522-0388 Mr. Scott Remington NAVY 07-036 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Fiber based modulated pulsed source for microwave photonic lidar applications
Abstract:	The proposed high power green laser source with RF-modulated pulses will enable a new class of remote sensing instruments capable of achieving precise information from environments dominated by backscatter signals. Current remote sensing technologies lack capability to identify and discriminate objects under real-time environmental conditions. A hybrid lidar-radar system consisting of a pulsed laser is modulated at RF frequencies is capable of extracting meaningful data from the high intensity backscattered light in the water. A 500 kHz pulsed, fiber-amplified laser is proposed for the laser source. The pulse envelope is modulated via an electro-optic switch from 500 MHz to >1 GHz. The average power is amplified to several watts using a multi-stage Yb-doped fiber amplifier. In order for effective transmission through water, the 1064 nm radiation is frequency converted to 532 nm using either periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (SLT) or potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP). The all fiber design using a Yb-doped fiber amplifier, an EO switch and PPSLT or PPKTP ensures highly efficient and rugged performance. In addition to enabling a major advance in remote sensing within the littoral zone, the hybrid source will find direct application in involving highly obscured environments such as dust, smoke or moisture-laden environments.

FIBERTEK, INC. 510 Herndon Parkway Herndon, VA 20170
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 471-7671 Mr. Francis Kimpel NAVY 07-036 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Modulated Pulsed Laser Sources for Imaging Lidars
Abstract:	We propose the demonstration of a highly versatile system allowing computer controlled modulations formats achieving a minimum 5W at 532nm with 500Kpps repetition frequency and 800MHz intra-pulse modulation. This approach can easily be extended to other wavelengths of interest to the Navy by using the tunability afforded by Optical Fiber amplifiers (1020-1100nm for Yb:fiber and 1540-1600nm for Er/Yb:fiber). The flexibility in pulse modulation will open the door to an improved detection sensitivity for under-water Lidar applications.

SA PHOTONICS 650 5th StreetSuite 505 San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 977-0553 Mr. James F. Coward NAVY 07-036 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	Modulated Pulsed Laser Sources for Imaging Lidars
Abstract:	SA Photonics is proposing a program to develop a blue-green optical source for air-to-underwater LIDAR-RADAR imaging applications. Our proposed high energy, highly adjustable and phase-locked Modulated Imaging LIDAR Optical Source (MILOS) meets or exceeds all of the parameters listed in the solicitation. Our MILOS will be constructed of commercial telecom fiber optic components utilizing our innovative pumping techniques, therefore our unit will be reliable, highly efficient, rugged, compact, lightweight and low cost.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. 34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 538-0444 Dr. Jeffrey D. Keller NAVY 07-037 Selected for Award
Title:	Real Time Physics-Based Airflow Environments for Distributed Aircrew Training
Abstract:	Rotorcraft operations are critical to current and future Navy missions, and thus the imperative to provide high fidelity, distributed training with enhanced realism for the aircrew and ship's company will inevitably intensify in coming years. The technology proposed here will enable the development of revolutionary simulation tools that capture the full range of flight operations and weather conditions experienced by crews on aviation-capable ships. This effort will build on real time, physics-based modeling tools to simulate the complete ship/helicopter operational environment, leveraging CDI-developed rotorwash and flow field models already in service in support of Navy simulation activities. A key feature of the project is that environmental effects, including ship airwake, will be directly simulated using physics-based models, in contrast to data-driven approaches that are inappropriate for general distributed training applications. The simulation will also incorporate innovative tools, now being developed to visualize rotor wakes and transport of airborne materials, to create a "visible wind" to assist trainees in interpreting the airflow environment. Other effects (e.g., ship motion and structural response due to airflow-induced loads) will be integrated for use within distributed simulation environment architectures, allowing the re-use and integration of existing models techniques and commercial software tools.

PLANET LLC 1212 Fourier Drive Madison, WI 53717
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(608) 827-5555 Mr. Ryan Burnett NAVY 07-037 Selected for Award
Title:	3D Tool for Physics-Based Weather Simulation in a Training Environment
Abstract:	High-end weather simulation tools currently available focus on the visual aspects of weather effects or predication modeling and can rarely interact with objects or aircraft in a simulation. Though this capability can be offered by large flight simulators, their costs are most often prohibitive. Fortunately, new advancements in the modeling and simulation industry have made it possible to create affordable PC-based simulators that can work with exterior data to support critical tasks without intense hardware requirements. PLANET LLC proposes to expand its current work on realistic physics-based 3D training tools to develop a new tool to simulate weather conditions. Using PLANET's Hypercosm software and with experts in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) from its sister company, Orbital Technologies Corporation, the results from CFD analysis on aircraft under specific weather conditions would be used to feed Hypercosm 3D simulations with physics-based behaviors. The 3D simulation would be generated in real-time using the forces on the aircraft and the effects of different variables, such as wind speed and direction, would be shown. The delivery would be in Hypercosm's web-based 3D format, meaning that simulations could be viewed at any time or place with computer access.

LASER & PLASMA TECHNOLOGIES 104 Birkdale Ct. Yorktown, VA 23693
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 325-6856 Dr. T. H. Wong NAVY 07-038 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Techniques, Processes, And Tools For Implementing An Integrated Corrosion Detection System
Abstract:	Under SBIR Program Solicitation FY07.1, Navy Topic N07-038 entitled, "Techniques, Processes and Tools for Implementing an Integrated Corrosion Detection System", the NAVY has identified a need for the development of techniques, processes and tools for corrosion detection in large military aircraft. The technical problem being addressed in Navy Topic N07-038 arises from the limitations of the current methods of detecting corrosion in large military aircraft by manual inspection of aircraft surfaces by maintainers in the field and at the depot level. Furthermore, these schedule-based detection methods are time consuming and quality of inspection is limited to detection by the human eye. Also, inspection in non line-of sight and tight spaces is not possible without a borescope or other item of non-destructive inspection equipment. To solve these problems, the Navy is seeking methods to identify early signs of corrosion and alert maintainers for detailed inspection based on physics of failure. In response to this need, Laser and Plasma Technologies, Inc. (LPT) proposes the use of optical methods such as color change under strain created due to corrosion process, optical scanning method and optical shearography to develop an efficient, compact system for corrosion detection as well as the application of physics of failure to this problem. The Investigators anticipate success in both the development of early detection system using novel optical methods and its relationship to structural integrity based on the unique symbiosis in capabilities found in the collaboration between LPT and the Subcontractor to the program, the University of Virginia.

NANOSONIC, INC. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 Mrs. A. Hill NAVY 07-038 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	Low-Cost Self-Assembly Technique for a Fully-Integrated Light-Weight Metal RubberT Corrosion Sensor System
Abstract:	NanoSonic proposes to develop a durable fully-integrated nanostructured sensor to detect surface-related phenomena, such as wear/corrosion, of military aircraft; specifically, a Metal Rubber(TM) corrosion detection system. Metal RubberT (MRT) is a multifunctional nanostructured material that can have high electrical-conductivity, low-modulus, and low mass-density. NanoSonic plans to integrate the non-invasive MRT sensor system onto aircraft structures to detect chemical modifications and microstructural breakdown from corrosion. The in-situ MRT corrosion detection system would be fully-integrated onto the aircraft surface as a coating or conformal appliqu� for a self-assessing "smart" coating system that would reduce timely visual inspections, thus reducing system maintenance costs and improving the overall safety. NanoSonic has established techniques to control multiple constitutive material properties in coatings and free-standing materials using molecular layer-by-layer ESA processes, by varying the type, size, and structure of incorporated molecules. This low-cost method would be used to fabricate conformal corrosion sensor materials that could be applied on existing structural components as coatings or appliqu�s. MRTM sensors and interconnect elements may be incorporated into the coating (or appliqu�) via patterning to allow for a wire-free, in-situ corrosion detection system. Integrating co-located interconnected RF circuits would allow for remote RF mapping of the aircraft surface structural properties.

AEROTECH RESEARCH 11836 Fishing Point DriveSuite 200 Newport News, VA 23606
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 723-1300 Mr. Paul Robinson NAVY 07-039 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	3-D Airspeed Sensor for All Phases of Rotorcraft Operations
Abstract:	Current airspeed measurement systems on military and civilian rotorcraft pose a safety hazard and operational liability because the measurement of airspeeds is unreliable below 40 kts, because only forward air speed can be measured, and because the system cannot provide a directional component to the air flow. Using patented and combat proven thermal anemometer technology, AeroTech will develop an air speed sensor that will provide accurate airspeed measurements in all three axes within rotor downwash; will detect and measure airspeeds down to "creeping flow" (less than 0.1m/s), that will provide an airflow angle; and that will be low cost, low weight, and have low power consumption. The sensor will be rugged, low maintenance, and be able to be retrofitted into current helicopter avionics systems. Accurate, three axes measurements of low airspeeds and airflow direction will assist pilots in precision maneuvering in combat operations, weapons employment, landing on ships, and landing in rough and dense terrain. The Phase I feasibility analysis and limited laboratory testing will demonstrate that the proposed concept meets the requirements and will provide the foundation for development of the sensor in Phase II.

MICHIGAN AEROSPACE CORP. 1777 Highland DriveSuite B Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 975-8777 Mr. Charles Richey NAVY 07-039 Awarded: 29MAR07
Title:	Three-axis Low Airspeed, Low-Cost Air Data Sensor for Rotorcraft
Abstract:	Current air data systems include standard pitot systems as well as flush port pressure sensors, which suffer from many shortfalls. Installation and calibration must be tailored to each airframe, and airframe modifications may require recalibration of the air data system. This can be costly and time consuming. At high angles of attack the air data is significantly degraded. Rotorcrafts are particularly susceptible to the degradation in capability below 40 knots due to sensitivity issues and the effect of rotor downwash. All of these faults become highly evident during low speed maneuvers, automatic flight control support and weapons delivery. Michigan Aerospace Corporation proposes to determine and demonstrate the performance of a Rotorcraft Optical Air Data System (ROADS) capable of three-axis airspeed measurements at speeds below and above 40 knots. The system will be capable of measurements in longitudinal, vertical and lateral flight with no degradation. It will also simultaneously make wind measurements inside and outside of the down wash to aid weapons delivery. In addition, the proposed system can be produced at a much lower cost than even five years ago due to significant advances at Michigan Aerospace and its laser and detector vendors.

TAO OF SYSTEMS INTEGRATION, INC. 144 Research Drive Hampton, VA 23666
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 220-5040 Dr. Siva Mangalam NAVY 07-039 Awarded: 29MAR07
Title:	Three-axis Low Airspeed, Low-Cost Air Data Sensor for Rotorcraft
Abstract:	A three-axis low airspeed, low-cost air data sensor (3x-LAS) using hot-film gages will be developed for helicopter applications. Low speed flight consisting of hover, forward, rearward, and lateral motion impacts important flight-operation problems involving vehicle performance, flight stability and control, structural load, fatigue life, and pilot action. This segment of the helicopter flight is critical in terms of safety and safely expending the maneuvering envelope during maneuvers such as approach, rapid descent, hover, sideward, and rearward flight. Low airspeed measurement is also important on attack helicopters for low speed targeting. Traditional airspeed systems experience serious limitations in accuracy at air speeds below 40 knots. The proposed innovation, based on the use of high-frequency response hot-film gages will measure airspeed all the way to zero knots. The 3x-LAS will be developed both as an embedded, non-intrusive system and a stand-alone probe which could be easily retrofitted with minimal calibration requirements and without having to make significant structural changes to the vehicle. 3x-LAS will be ruggedized to deal with harsh environment for an acceptable all-weather operation. Other applications include aerospace and ground vehicles, submarines, ships, and measurements in the atmosphere, ocean, and in internal flows.

CFD RESEARCH CORP. 215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 726-4800 Mr. Clifford E. Smith NAVY 07-040 Awarded: 16MAR07
Title:	Close-Coupled Fuel Injector/Flameholder Concept Featuring Direct Fuel Injection Into Flameholder Wake
Abstract:	Close-coupled fuel injector/flameholders used in modern augmentors face difficult challenges in static stability due to higher airflow velocities and higher levels of vitiation than past augmentors. In addition, close-coupled fuel injection schemes typically employ jet-in-crossflow methods to adequately penetrate and mix the fuel with the airstream, but have difficulty providing sufficient fuel to the flameholder wake to anchor the flame. In this SBIR program, CFDRC proposes to investigate novel fuel injection concepts that inject a small percentage (~10%) of the fuel directly into the flameholder wake to control the wake fuel-air ratio, without disrupting the wake recirculation zone. In Phase I, a combined numerical/experimental program is proposed that will study preliminary designs. Various methods of injecting the wake fuelflow will be studied numerically, using advanced 3D RANS and LES methods, and the best concept(s) selected for single flameholder testing. To show feasibility, blowout testing at realistic augmentor conditions will be performed at existing Energy Research Consultants (ERC) facilities. In Phase I Option, additional analysis/testing will be performed to study alternative fuel injection schemes. In Phase II, optimized designs that include flameholder cooling flow will be developed and tested, followed by sector testing of the concept at General Electric in Phase IIe. If successfully demonstrated to GE satisfaction, GE will consider full engine testing of the concept in Phase III.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Darin A. Knaus NAVY 07-040 Awarded: 16MAR07
Title:	Flame Holder Designs for Improved Augmentor Stability
Abstract:	Augmentor stability is critical to the operational performance of military aircraft that rely on gas turbine propulsion. Compared to early augmentor designs, the distance between the point of fuel injection and the flame holder has become progressively shorter in modern augmentors. These so called close-coupled designs help avoid autoignition issues associated with higher augmentor inlet temperatures. A negative aspect of such close-coupled designs is that the fuel is not optimally mixed in the flame holding region, leading to static and dynamic stability issues. Creare and our partners propose a new close-coupled augmentor flame holder design that will greatly extend stability margins, especially in the high altitude, low Mach (Ma) number part of the flight envelope where stability issues are of greatest concern. During Phase I we will demonstrate our flame holder concept in an augmentor test facility. We will also conduct numerical analysis to predict the fuel distribution in our novel design and the anticipated improvement in static stability. Based on the experimental and analytical results, we will develop optimized designs for further development and testing during Phase II.

WILLIAM P.PESCHEL, ENGINEERING CONSULTANT 2421 Glyndon Ave Venice, CA 90291
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 306-2287 Mr. William P. Peschel NAVY 07-040 Awarded: 16MAR07
Title:	Novel Flame Holder Design Providing Enhanced Stability in Gas Turbine Augmentors
Abstract:	A concept for improving ignition, stabilization, and lean blow out of augmentor flameholders by using a microwave generated air plasma as a continuous ignition source is proposed. The proposed effort will focus primarily on testing of small scale flameholders. Initial testing will establish the extent of performance improvements available by comparing test results with published data on similar flameholders using pre-mixed gaseous fuels at representative, ambient pressure/temperature airflow velocities. Subsequent testing will utilize liquid fuels to optimize spray nozzle and/or spray bar locations, first at ambient pressure/temperature airflow velocities, and then followed by vitiated heated airflows in a Phase I Option. A summary of specific design parameters will be generated based on test results, and applicable scaling parameters will be developed for use in numerical simulation studies and larger scale systems.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Mr. Glenn Beach NAVY 07-041 Selected for Award
Title:	20/20 Immersive Display System Based on Eye Tracking
Abstract:	The U.S. military relies heavily on immersive simulations to train pilots and other war fighters. However, it is not currently possible to display immersive environments in a manner that represents a real world scene viewed with 20/20 eyesight. The effect is that pilots train as if they have less than 20/20 eyesight. Simulations can be tailored to compensate for this reduced resolution, but this produces inaccuracies in the simulated world. What is needed is a method to display the immersive world at a resolution that better simulates the real world. Cybernet proposes to leverage previous work in helmet mounted display (HMD) design, eye tracking, and small robotic systems to develop an HMD that provides very high resolution imagery at the point where the fovea is focused and lower resolution imagery throughout the rest of the scene. As we have done in the past, we will leverage COTS projection displays to develop the overall displays and our existing eye tracking technology to monitor how to move the high-resolution screen to keep it aligned with the fovea.

OASYS TECHNOLOGY, LLC. 25 Sundial Ave., Suite 404 Manchester, NH 03103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 232-8221 Mr. John Hall NAVY 07-041 Awarded: 05JUN07
Title:	20/20 Immersive Display System Based on Eye Tracking
Abstract:	Currently, many flight simulators are based on projection screens arranged in a generally hemispherical globe or faceted surface around the simulated cockpit. Typically, a series of separate projectors are aligned such that the video panels or projections overlap to give the illusion of a continuous image. Most of these systems do not offer 20/20 visual experience, as the total number of pixels required to do so is enormous. As a result, resolutions on the order of 20/60 to 20/80 are common in current simulators. OASYS is proposing a modular approach to realizing an immersive foveal-tracked helmet-mounted display (FT-HMD). The technical approach starts with a single ocular eyepiece channel which includes two image sources, with one WFOV image source for peripheral viewing, and a second, narrower FOV video source for the high resolution insert FOV. The optical channel also includes a means of translating the Insert FOV across the larger, lower resolution Wide Channel FOV by means of a beam steering device such as a Fast Steering Mirror (FSM). Direction of the insert image motion is governed by data from an eye tracker which is also coupled into the optical system.

ADVANCED ROTORCRAFT TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1330 Charleston Rd Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 968-1464 Dr. Chengjian He NAVY 07-042 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Real-Time Modeling of Rotor Induced Flow with Shipboard Interactions
Abstract:	Rotor induced flow modeling is a central part for almost every aspect of rotorcraft simulation and analysis. There are, however, challenges in the accurately predicting the unsteady rotor wake transportation, especially when it interacts with aerodynamic disturbances from nearby aerodynamic bodies such as a fuselage, a ground surface, or a ship landing deck. This proposal aims to develop an adequate real-time rotor induced flow model for shipboard flight simulation. The model to be developed will be a physics-based viscous vortex wake model that can properly capture the effects of the rotor/ship interaction under shipboard operating conditions. It is also proposed to develop a formulation and a set of algorithms to derive an efficient real-time finite state induced flow model from the high fidelity viscous vortex simulation in support of flight simulation.

CONTINUUM DYNAMICS, INC. 34 Lexington Avenue Ewing, NJ 08618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 538-0444 Dr. Jeffrey D. Keller NAVY 07-042 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	High Fidelity, Real-Time, Rotor Wake Module with Shipboard Interactions
Abstract:	Continuum Dynamics, Inc. has recently developed breakthrough technologies that allow real-time solutions of full-span, free-vortex rotor wake models coupled with fast panel fuselage/empennage models. These technologies have been incorporated into aerodynamic modules for integration into flight simulation software environments throughout the rotorcraft industry, providing unprecedented modeling capabilities for both real time and engineering analyses. The proposed effort will enhance these models with improved methods for physics-based modeling of shipboard operations, resulting in an advanced rotor aerodynamic module allowing detailed prediction of the three-dimensional, unsteady rotor-induced flow field, including complex multi-rotor and wake/fuselage interactions, in challenging flight regimes such as vertical descent, autorotation, sideward flight and ground effect. Key innovations to be developed as part of the proposed program include a novel approach for a real-time, free-vortex rotor wake/CFD-based ship airwake solution with full wake-on-wake interactions. In addition, a hierarchy of improved real-time, physics-based methods for modeling partial ground effect, ship motion, and wake/fuselage interactions will be developed, with emphasis on flexible, robust modules that may be installed across multiple helicopter simulations and will be scalable to leverage increasing capable computer hardware. The end product will be incorporated into Navy flight trainers providing unprecedented high fidelity flight simulation for shipboard operations.

D&P LLC 3409 N. 42nd Pl. Phoenix, AZ 85018
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 518-0981 Dr. Lei Tang NAVY 07-042 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Reduced-Order Modeling of Rotor Induced Flow with Shipboard Interactions
Abstract:	This SBIR Phase I project proposes to use overset grid HRLES (Hybrid RANS/LES) approach to simulate helicopter shipboard operations. After obtaining the computational results at a set of training points with this robust but computationally intensive approach, the principal basis functions of the solutions will be extracted from the numerical results with the POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) technique. Instead of using the more popular Galerkin projections, D&P LLC proposes to use the RSM (Response Surface Methodology)/NN (Neural Networks) approach to further construct a robust reduced-order model of rotor induced flow with shipboard interactions for use in a real-time simulation. The capabilities and limitations of these methods for real-time modeling of rotor induced flow with shipboard interactions will be demonstrated through a feasibility study.

CHESAPEAKE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL CORP. 44427 Airport Road, Suite 100 California, MD 20619
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 488-2726 Mr. Dustan Hellwig NAVY 07-043 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Tactile Situational Awareness System (TSAS)
Abstract:	The Tactile Situational Awareness System (TSAS) proposed by Chesapeake Technology International (CTI) will provide for the development of an Tactile Distributed Interface Subsystem (TDIS) that receives data from any available on-board navigation systems, augments that data with an embedded inertial measurement unit utilizing micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology, develops the correct tactile display requirements in real-time, and uses those results to drive the tactors using the included analog output circuits as required. The TDIS proposed by CTI will interface completely with tactors that either exist currently of will be developed as part of this SBIR. CTI's goal is to utilize existing tactor technologies to the greatest extent possible. Much time, effort, and money has been spent already in the development of tactors, tactor technology, and tactor activation algorithms. Per the stated goals of the SBIR, CTI aims to "identify . and integrate a small, lightweight, multi-frequency tactor". CTI will incorporate this technology into an integrated tactile distributed system that fully satisfies the TSAS SBIR requirements.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Dr. Christopher Wagner NAVY 07-043 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	Tactile Situational Awareness System (TSAS)
Abstract:	Cybernet proposes to develop a tactor that can alter its mechanical compliance. This variable-compliance enabled tactor will stimulate a range of frequencies and amplitudes efficiently. We can then tune the device to optimally overcome the damping properties human skin.By improving the efficiency, we can also drive a larger tactor, which will provide greater skin contact area, thus a larger amount of stimulation. We will do this using multiple actuators per tactor. One actuator will generate vibratory motion while the other will alter the mechanical compliance of the system. Our main point of distinction is that current tactors have a fixed resonant frequency. This limits the range of efficiently achievable frequencies and amplitudes. Also, tactors with a fixed resonant or drive frequency may saturate certain mechanoreceptors, decreasing their sensitivity to stimuli. We propose to develop a tactor that can change its mechanical compliance, and thus its resonant frequency, so we can resonate efficiently at a range of frequencies. Finally, we will provide tools for aircraft integration and tactile profile development.

ENGINEERING ACOUSTICS, INC. 933 Lewis Dr., Suite C Winter Park, FL 32789
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 645-5444 Mr. Gary A Zets NAVY 07-043 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Tactile Situational Awareness System (TSAS)
Abstract:	Spatial disorientation (SD) and the subsequent loss of situation awareness account for a significant percentage of fatal mishaps in aviation. SD typically occurs when visual references are compromised, and the pilot's vestibular and somatosensory (tactile) sensations no longer provide accurate gravity vector information due to changing acceleration and gravitational forces. Under these conditions, a pilot must rely on instrumentation to fly the aircraft, often with information that appears to be contrary to what their body is sensing. The objective of this proposed SBIR effort is to develop a new generation tactile sensory display to enhance pilot special awareness in all phases of flight. This Tactile Situational Awareness System (TSAS) will comprise of a processor integrated with current aircraft sensors, and a garment housing a number of vibrotactile transducers (Tactors). EAI proposes various approached to reducing the size and improving the performance of current generation tactors, so that they can produce a strong vibratory stimuli with amplitude control across a wide frequency range. EAI will also address the overall system design and integration, including controller, processor and software mapping for the TSAS process.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 David B. Kynor NAVY 07-044 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Content-Based Multimodality Image Class
Abstract:	Current military surveillance platforms carry a wide range of sensor systems to permit target imaging under a wide variety of operational and atmospheric conditions. These disparate image sensors provide markedly different depictions of the same target, placing severe demands on the image analyst and greatly complicating development of automated methods for target classification. Existing methods of automated image matching typically rely on some form of correlation or template matching performed on the image or in the feature space-a very difficult process for images obtained from multiple sensor modalities. We propose to develop a novel methodology for target classification and content-based image retrieval that incorporates novel feature extraction and target classification methods based on recent developments in computer vision. During the course of this project, we will develop a prototype version of the algorithms and demonstrate their performance on a variety of ISAR, SAR, and electro-optic images. We will also design an open architecture database that can be used for rapid, automated image retrieval.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Mr. Glenn Beach NAVY 07-044 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) Imagery Feature Extraction and Database
Abstract:	The U.S. military uses a wide range of sensing modalities for collecting data with which to perform automatic target recognition (ATR) and classification. ATR is a crucial capability for today's weapons systems and is used for guiding smart munitions as well as tracking assets or entities of interest. The available sensor modalities include Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Inverse SAR (ISAR), High Resolution Radar (HRR), and Electro-Optical/Infrared (EO/IR), among others. While significant ATR packages have been researched and developed for the individual sensor modalities, no significant effort has been undertaken to create a single ATR method to extract information from all of these disparate data sources. Cybernet proposes to leverage an orientation invariant ATR technique that we developed for EO/IR data for the Navy to develop a new ATR system for use with all data types. This technique combines the power of modern computer graphics with standard ATR concepts to create a very flexible recognition and classification system.

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, INC. 1408 University Drive East College Station, TX 77840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(979) 260-5274 Dr. Richard J. Mayer NAVY 07-044 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	SMART - System for MARitime Targets Recognition and Retrieval
Abstract:	We propose to research and design a System for MARitime Targets Recognition and Retrieval. SMART will significantly advance ISAR/Electric-Optics-based ship detection and identification. Unlike existing solutions which focus on the image processing techniques only, the proposed solution integrates image classification, data simulation, and data fusion to achieve reliable and accurate target recognition and retrieval. One key innovation of SMART is its digital vessel model constructor. The vessel model can be constructed off-line and updated when new information concerning the target is available, and when working along with an image simulator, can be used to simulate reference images, which will be compared with the acquired images. Based on the image similarity, and classification results of the acquired images, SMART achieves more reliable and accurate target identification than conventional solutions. The vessel model also bridges the gaps caused by disparate sources and other factors such as view angle and illumination. Images from disparate sources, which are difficult to be compared directly, can be matched with each other through the vessel model. In this fashion, SMART achieves flexible and effective target retrieval. SMART will provide a suite of methods for image retrieval and model-based retrieval.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Robert Weisenseel NAVY 07-044 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Multiscale Feature Extraction and Matching for Content-based Multi-modality Sensor Database Retrieval
Abstract:	Rapid, accurate target identification is a key component of force protection and accurate munitions delivery in modern warfare. However, the wide range of imaging modalities, from EO/IR sensors to SAR/ISAR sensors can present significant challenges and strains on the warfighter tasked with target identification. Rapid automated target identification methods that can narrow the scope of possibilities would be a major boon in reducing requirements on the warfighter, improving his efficiency. However, reliable feature matching across multiple sensing modalities presents novel challenges. For robust, reliable multi-modality image searching and matching, we must bring several technologies together. Multiscale feature matching methods can help accelerate the matching process, while novel statistical metrics can significantly aid cross-modality matching and improve robustness to extended operating conditions. It may be necessary to not only match hierarchically against coarse feature representations and the full feature set, but also to match the observed 2D imagery against 3D target Scientific Systems Company, Inc. is proposing an innovative multiscale, multi-modality image database methodology. Our approach incorporates: multiscale matching technology inspired by the Fast Multipole Methods exploited for rapid physics simulations of multi-body electromagnetics and gravitation, statistical matching metrics to enhance invariance to scaling, illumination, resolution, occlusion and other sources of variability, and methodologies developed by the Principal Investigator, among others for robust multiscale, structure-based, cross-modality association and registration. We believe our approach will significantly aid the warfighter in rapidly identifying and eliminating potential threats, relieving him of much of the burden of target identification.

CG2, INC. 1525 Perimeter ParkwaySuite 325 Huntsville, AL 35806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 563-3647 Ms. Sandra A Vaquerizo NAVY 07-045 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Geospecific Night Imagery for Real-time Training Simulators
Abstract:	CG2 will design software tools that will extract the light features directly from the night source imagery. This will provide the most accurate placement of light features and seamless correlation with the ground texture that is used in the simulated synthetic environment. Our objective is to provide a system that can identify light features within the imagery, identify the geo-specific location, derive the light feature attributes, generate the light model and/or light map, and insert the light model into the geo-specific database with the correct meta-data and attribution for proper real-time behavior. The system design will accommodate light features placed on terrain as well as lights on man-made features such as buildings. This approach will be highly reliant on image processing, and image processing is computationally intensive. CG2 will investigate how to utilize the latest FPGA and shader technologies to accelerate the point light generation process. CG2 will provide modifications to the real-time rendering algorithms to provide dynamic light behaviors using shader algorithms.

DIAMOND VISIONICS LLC 400 Plaza Drive, Suite-A Vestal, NY 13850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 729-8526 Mr. Lynn Harrison NAVY 07-045 Awarded: 20APR07
Title:	Geospecific Night Imagery for Real-time Training Simulators
Abstract:	At present, display of nighttime lighting is primarily geotypical because of the cost to generate geospecific databases manually. However, the combination of two technologies can permit automatic extraction of light source data, including latitude, longitude, and elevation. These two technologies are aerial photogrammetry and pattern recognition. As part of a previous Phase II SBIR effort, DVC developed software to extract buildings, trees, and water features from 2D top-down imagery. In addition, software was developed to detect and remove time specific artifacts, such as shadows, vehicles, and both fixed wing aircraft and helicopters. This experience puts DVC in an excellent position to successfully meet the requirements of this SBIR. Diamond Visionics will provide useful solutions to address the challenges stated above based on our extensive background in the extraction of objects from 2D imagery. In Phase I, Diamond Visionics will develop a proof-of-concept PC-based software application capable of automatically extracting light source data from 2D imagery. The resulting data will be saved in a format generally utilized by both the GIS and training communities.

RENAISSANCE SCIENCES CORP. 1351 N Alma School Rd, #265 Chandler, AZ 85224
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 906-2218 Dr. Karl Mathia NAVY 07-045 Selected for Award
Title:	Geospecific Night Imagery for Real-time Training Simulators
Abstract:	Renaissance Sciences Corporation (RSC), Terrain Experts, Inc., Harris Corp., and L3 propose a software system that procedurally derives geospecific cultural lighting from night imagery and supplemental data sources, and incorporates the resulting raster imagery and vector data into runtime databases for training simulators. Environmental lighting from artificial (`cultural`) sources, one of the most important night-time phenomena, is generally not represented by modern training systems for either out-the-window or sensor views. The extraction of geospecific cultural lighting from night imagery as well as its procedural generation is an effort to make the option of rendering light patterns from populated areas a reality. This novel technology will have decisive advantages over current state-of-the-art database generation tools, which do not take advantage of night imagery source data and other sources from which geospecific cultural lighting can be derived.

SIMWRIGHT, INC. 2053 Fountain Professional CourtSuite A Navarre, FL 32566
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(336) 685-3135 Mr. Brian Stewart NAVY 07-045 Selected for Award
Title:	Geospecific Night Imagery for Real-time Training Simulators
Abstract:	To meet future JSF programmatic needs and to augment SOF mission planning and training capability, SimWright proposes eight trade studies and a risk mitigation program leading to a system design to generate geo-specific terrain databases. The eight trades studies are characterized as: - Night Imagery Sources Study - Street Light Feature Extraction Feasibility Study - Tower Feature Extraction Feasibility Study - Imagery Correlation Feasibility Study - Moving/Blinking/Occlusion Detection Feasibility Study - Shader Feasibility Study - DBGS Input Requirements Study - Day for Night Feasibility Study. Preliminary investigation suggests no known sources of night time geo-specific terrain data. Having no night time geo-specific data is an enormous risk to developing stereographic feature extraction algorithms for geo-specific night time terrain databases. SimWright will have approximately 1 square mile of night imagery of Destin FL., prior to Phase I award. Imagery correlation can begin right at the beginning of the program. SimWright's CityClick framework is extensible for rapid prototyping of light feature extraction capability. We will investigate both manual and automatic feature extraction for major trade analyses, algorithmic verification, and software prototyping. DBGS formats, input and compatibility issues with IG pipelines will be investigated as part of overall risk reduction program.

CASCADE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1330 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 691-6067 Dr. Shoreh Hajiloo NAVY 07-046 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Advanced Liquid Surface Tracking Software for Predicting Atomization in Gas Turbine Combustors and Augmentors
Abstract:	The atomization of liquid fuels is a key process in gas turbine engines and augmentors, directly influencing combustion and thus engine performance. While adequate models exist for the secondary atomization, the crucial initial breakup is not well understood and predictive numerical simulation tools to analyze the process in detail do not exist. In this project, we propose to apply the recently developed Refined Level Set Grid (RLSG) to the primary atomization problem. This method, in a detached code, resolves and tracks all relevant phase interface length scales on a separate, locally refined grid. The RLSG code is coupled to the flow solver via a multi-code coupling environment, thereby ensuring easy portability and expandability. The resulting software package has been successfully applied to several two-phase flow benchmarks and is able to predict the observed physical breakup mechanisms during coaxial atomization. In the project's initial phase, we will access the capability of the proposed software framework to predict the atomization of liquid jets in cross-flow under conditions relevant to gas turbines and augmentors using experimental data in the near- and far-field. The data will then be assessed for its suitability to derive Large Eddy Simulation models for primary atomization.

COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 766-1520 Dr. Kevin Brinckman NAVY 07-046 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Advanced Liquid Surface Tracking Software for Predicting Atomization in Gas Turbine Combustors and Augmentors
Abstract:	Recently developed gas/liquid (G/L) methodology, being used for cavitating flow problems, and extended for all-speed operability using preconditioning, will be used to analyze fuel jet atomization in high-speed military gas turbines. This methodology can capture G/L interfaces, and using multi-element unstructured numerics in conjunction with grid adaptation, will resolve G/L shear layer details needed for accurate atomization predictions. Previous primary breakup studies using traditional VOF methodology in a structured grid code, used advanced correlations to predict local droplet formation rates and sizes. Such results will be greatly improved using the new G/L methodology and refined grids along the interface. In this proposed effort, we will demonstrate the applicability of the new G/L approach for tracking the liquid fuel jet in problems typifying gas turbine fuel injection processes. We will also exhibit how grid adaptation can be used to enhance overall accuracy. Primary work will entail implementing the detailed primary breakup models that we have used earlier into the new G/L framework, and demonstrating how we can predict localized atomization rates and droplet sizes along a fuel jet interface. In Phase II, we will focus on validation using full-scale, JSF relevant, gas turbine data sets.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Darin A. Knaus NAVY 07-046 Awarded: 07MAY07
Title:	Composite Spray Model for Augmentor Fuel Distribution Prediction
Abstract:	Augmentor static stability is critical to the operational performance of military systems that rely on gas turbine propulsion. Compared to early augmentor designs, the distance between the point of fuel injection and the reaction zone has become progressively shorter for modern augmentor designs, which can result in fuel droplets penetrating the reaction zone and variations in fuel jet penetration that can significantly impact the fuel distribution and in turn, engine stability. Highly-resolved modeling and simulation of fuel sprays is far too expensive for even the fastest of modern computers. In this project, we will develop a modeling technique that combines the Volume of Fluid method (VOF) with the Discrete Particle Method (DPM). We will take advantage of VOF's ability to accurately describe the behavior of the spray in the dense region near the injector and marry it with the efficiency of the DPM method in regions of sparse droplet population far downstream of the injector. By combining the two methods in this fashion, we will greatly reduce the computational cost associated with accurate fuel spray modeling. We will utilize high-resolution VOF simulations as well as experimental data of a jet in cross-flow geometry to validate and benchmark our approach.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Mr. Douglas Haanpaa NAVY 07-047 Selected for Award
Title:	Three-Dimensional Control Panel Simulation
Abstract:	The Navy requires a virtual haptic instrument panel device that can faithfully replicate the look and feel of aircraft instrument panels. There are a number of approaches that can be explored to develop a workable technology. These range from rather mundane approaches that utilize existing components to more exotic/innovative approaches that require significant research and experimentation For this application, there are two technology areas that must be addressed. The first is the automated extraction of 3D panel model and texture data. This can be accomplished with image-based modeling or by using active methods like laser range scanning. The second technology area is the device or device-set that presents the panel haptically to the user. Cybernet proposes a multi-tier exploratory research process that evaluates a number of VHIP approaches by first generating a list of possible approaches, and then weeding out the less desirable ones based on a successively increasingly rigorous elimination process steps beginning with paper-evaluation of the initial candidate list and finishing with the evaluation of prototyped hardware. Candidates concepts include Force-feedback gloves, plug-in switch modules, 3D tactile raster displays, instrument carousels, and combination technologies.

YANTRIC, INC. 31 Cross Street West Newton, MA 02465
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 332-0539 Mr. Mandayam A Srinivasan NAVY 07-047 Selected for Award
Title:	Three-Dimensional Control Panel Simulation using Programmable Tactile Display System
Abstract:	Current mission rehearsal trainers are custom physical mock-ups for each cockpit or operator interface training device, which provides the correct tactile feel, but since each mock up can only simulate one cockpit, these mock-ups are expensive, space-consuming, and inflexible. Virtual Reality (VR) based trainers are flexible in that one system can simulate a variety of cockpits and training scenarios. In this proposed effort we intend to develop a VR based 3D control panel simulation using a programmable tactile display system with novel actuator arrays which can simulate a variety of control panels. Desirable attributes of this tactile system are that it should be unobtrusive and seamlessly integrated into a glove, which lead to the requirements that it should be portable, wireless, light-weight, and low power. Our primary objective for Phase 1 is to perform technical, human factors and end user research necessary to produce the design specifications, develop our actuator system, simulate two representative control panels with stereoscopic display and generate a preliminary design for a proof-of-concept 3D control panel system. In addition, we will develop a detailed work plan for development and testing of such a system.

MAVERICK CORP. 11379 Grooms Road Blue Ash, OH 45242
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(513) 469-9919 Dr. Robert A. Gray NAVY 07-048 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	Innovative Approaches for Improving the Hot/Wet Performance of Polyimide Matrix Composites
Abstract:	The development of AFR-PE-4E polyimide composites has enabled the incorporation of high-temperature composite structures in military jet engines. The use of these composite components significantly reduces weight and results in increased engine performance. In order to take full advantage of this "new" composite system, an increase in the hot/wet performance of the AFR-PE-4E resin system must be achieved with minimal scatter in the design allowable database. Current F135 and F136 engine systems slated for the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) require composite ducts that could total up to 300 pounds per engine. AFR-PE-4E composite has been selected for these structures and this will require a continuous service temperature in excess of 316�C (600�F) while retaining maximum physical strength. By combining Maverick's innovative technology and experienced resources with GE Aviation, Pratt & Whitney, and Vought Aircraft, a strong technical team has been established to accelerate the development of an "improved" version of AFR-PE-4E polyimide resin for aggressive engine environments. The hot/wet performance and processing characteristics will be determined for each new candidate resin. By using a team approach, a successful Maverick Phase I SBIR program will provide "novel"AFR-PE-4E technology that will have a rapid path of insertion onto the JSF platform.

PERFORMANCE POLYMER SOLUTIONS, INC. 91 Westpark Road Centerville, OH 45459
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 298-3713 Dr. Jason Lincoln NAVY 07-048 Awarded: 12APR07
Title:	Improved Reliability, Durability, and Hot/Wet Performance of F135/F136 Polyimide Matrix Composite Components
Abstract:	The proposed Small Business Innovative Research program will eliminate the hot/wet performance problems of carbon fiber/AFR-PE-4 composites by optimization of a polyimide matrix composite for F135/F136 thick component applications and service environment exposure conditions. Unmatched P2SI Team experience, AFR-PE imide chemistry, user input, and a sound Design of Experiments (DOE) will develop, demonstrate, and transition an optimized material that will improve manufacturing and service reliability, part yield, performance, increase the safety margin, and ultimately provide for lower cost, lower risk engine components to the F-35 program.

MNB TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 501 N Morton StSuite 106AB2 Bloomington, IN 47404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(812) 824-8226 Mr. Nicola V. Granny NAVY 07-049 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	High Performance Computing in Laptop Environment
Abstract:	MNB Technologies' unique approach enables fully automated ad hoc clustering of hardware accelerated notebook computers into mission-focused high performance service oriented architectures. Initially targeting computationally intensive applications such as genetic algorithm-based route planning and rigerous image registration, the new system family will ultimately find strategically important use across the entire warfighting community and a wide range of civilian applications. The hardware side of the approach uses small footprint (PCMCIA and Drive Bay) FPGA-based accelerators that communicate not only through their hosts' Ethernet but also through a novel NUMA-like shared memory enabled by a switchless/hubless optical ring local network. Innovative middleware automates cluster setup, configuration, service publication & discovery, and automatic fault detection & rollover. The result is a high performance, high availability system suitable for mission-critical use with forward deployed forces. Outside the DoD the system brings HPC class performance to disadvantaged users and to field-deployed applications requiring robust portable execution platforms, for example: modeling & simulation for disaster management, portable bio-analysis laboratories, and earth-resource exploration.

RYDAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC. 1523 Noble Road Rydal, PA 19046
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 886-5678 Dr. Warren Rosen NAVY 07-049 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	An FPGA-based Algorithm Accelerator for High-Performance Navy Laptop and Workstation Environments
Abstract:	Rydal Research proposes to research and demonstrate the feasibility of developing an FPGA-based Algorithm Accelerator for high-performance Navy applications. The accelerator will be developed using Rydal's automated algorithm-to-hardware design system. This system quickly produces VHDL designs guaranteed to be optimized in terms of characteristics such as speed, size, power, or any combination of these. The design system will be used to generate a large number of different hardware/software partitioning schemes and to perform detailed hardware designs to obtain accurate speed, size, and power predictions. The system is capable of easily translating large, complex designs and it is also able to partition the application over multiple FPGAs. The rapid design process will allow critical parts of candidate designs to be ported to an actual FPGA and demonstrated in Phase I to verify hardware simulation predictions.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun DriveSuite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5232 Dr. George Zhao NAVY 07-050 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Guided Shear Horizontal (SH) Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) for In-situ Nondestructive Inspection of Ice and Cracks
Abstract:	We propose a novel and integrated approach to inspect the ice and cracks in aircraft structures. It combines the state-of-the-art SH wave EMAT technique, through detailed numerical modeling and instrumentation for data collection, with our record-proven advanced signal processing and pattern classification technique, to detect and characterize the ice and crack problems. The technique has four components: (1) thorough guided wave modal analysis, (2) recently developed two-dimensional (2D) and 3D Boundary Element Method (BEM) for best operational condition selection and defect feature extraction, (3) ultrasonic Shear Horizontal (SH) waves EMAT sensor design and data collection, and (4) advanced signal processing algorithm like nonlinear split-spectrum filter, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) for signal-to-noise-ratio enhancement, ice/crack signature extraction, and pattern classification. The proposed system is supported with solid physics models and our innovative statistical signal processing algorithms. It is expected to achieve ultra reliable self-diagnosis capability.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Shean McMahon NAVY 07-050 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Smart, Universal, and Intelligent Vibration Sensor System
Abstract:	To address the Navy need for ultra-reliable ice/crack detection sensor technology, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Smart, Universal, and Intelligent Vibration Sensor (SUNIVIS) system. This proposed device is based on an ultrareliable self-diagnostic acoustic vibration sensor integrating a highly reliable noncontacting wireless communication link for real-time detection, analysis, and prediction. The SUNIVIS will use an innovative torsion vibration sensor with a small low power consuming microcontroller, which has 8-bit processor architecture and 11 channels of analog-to-digital (ADC) at 10 bit resolution, and a serial data interface for the wired communication link at up to 256 Kbps. The wireless link will communicate with ISM 2.4 GHz (or 915 MHz for lower data rates) frequency radio. The innovation in SUNIVIS will enable the self-diagnostic vibration sensors to be installed in unreachable or hazardous areas. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of SUNIVIS by demonstrating the detection of ice and cracks in metal and plastic composite sheet without the need to machine contour the lower surface. In Phase II POC plans to develop a fully working sensor system with an inexpensive microcontroller, serial data interface, analog interface, wireless/wired communication interface, and smart reporting embedded software.

KOOSUR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 41772 Chadbourne Drive Fremont, CA 94539
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 894-5669 Dr. Charles Gao NAVY 07-051 Awarded: 30APR07
Title:	Rapid, Low Cost, Real Time Characterizations of Fiber Coatings
Abstract:	The design and quality control of the fiber-matrix interface (the coatings) in ceramic-matrix composites is the key to achieving desired composite performance. It is essential to monitor/control the course of critical steps in fiber coating processes as to understand the science/engineering that underlies the processing steps. Currently, no real time or in situ fiber coating measurements are available. In this proposal, Koosur Technologies Inc. will develop a non-invasive, laser based instrument for CMC fiber tow characterization. The proposed instrument uniquely measures the fiber coating thickness and chemical compositions quickly and in real time.

NEW SPAN OPTO-TECHNOLOGY, INC. 9380 SW 72nd Street, B-180 Miami, FL 33173
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(305) 321-5288 Dr. Pengfei Wu NAVY 07-051 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Fast Non-Contact Infrared Reflectometer for Fiber Coating Evaluation
Abstract:	Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have been developed to introduce ceramics in structural parts used in severe environments, such as rocket and jet engines, gas turbines for power plants, heat shields for space vehicles, fusion reactor first wall, aircraft brakes, heat treatment furnaces, etc. The CMCs for jet engines can potentially improve the performance of Joint Strike Fighters and other military engines. The use of CMC will increase the operation temperature of engines and minimize the demand on cooling. The CMCs can be reinforced through coating on reinforcement fibers to increase their strength. The quality production of CMCs on reinforcement fibers requires quality control evaluation of the coatings frequently, accurately, and in larger areas that are not attainable by existing quality evaluation techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and auger analysis. New Span Opto-Technology Inc. proposes herein non-contact optical reflectometer for fast nondestructive evaluation of the CMC coatings. The evaluation is also suitable for larger area studies and for non-planar substrates. Multilayer evaluation may also be possible. Phase I research will develop a bench top optical reflectometer system for feasibility demonstration of CMC coating evaluation. Phase II will develop a non-contact optical reflectometer prototype.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Electro-Optics and Holography Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Mr. Naibing Ma NAVY 07-051 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Fringing Capacitive Array Sensor for Evaluation of Fiber Coatings
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Navy need for technologies/methods of low-cost, rapid nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of fiber coatings for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Fringing Capacitive Array Sensor (FCAS) system. The system is based on recent advances in fringing field sensors (FFSs) and a parameter estimation algorithm for NDE of materials. The innovative and unique structure of the multiwavelength FFS array will enable the FCAS system to rapidly (<5 minutes) evaluate large areas (scalable to specific needs, with a large number of sensor elements) of fiber coatings in one scan. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of FCAS by designing a system prototype with 576 electrodes covering three wavelengths (for each wavelength, there is a 4x4 sensor array; each sensor element has six drive and six receive electrodes) and testing it on CMCs with fiber coatings from a CMC fabricator. In Phase II we plan to improve the FCAS system by optimizing the sensor, electronics, and data processing algorithm. We will quantify the measurement results, demonstrate this technique in a commercial fiber coating setting, and characterize coated fiber/fabric/perform samples.

SURFACE OPTICS CORP. 11555 Rancho Bernardo Road San Diego, CA 92127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 675-7404 Dr. M. Martin Szczesniak NAVY 07-051 Awarded: 27APR07
Title:	Rapid Low Cost Evaluation of Fiber Coatings
Abstract:	Optical spectroscopy has proved to be successful in many industrial analytical applications. Recent successful application of FTIR spectroscopy to monitoring crystalline structure and delamination indicates that this method can be as successfully implemented to monitor properties of CMCs coatings. Small portable FTIR spectrometers are available from Surface Optics Corporation. It was developed for monitoring thin layers on metallic or plastic substrates. This hardware can be potentially customized for line or on-line monitoring of coatings on CMCs. Surface Optics performed on-line installations of FTIR technology for monitoring coatings in industrial settings, and assisted with implementation of this technology at Government labs. SOC has a long working history with the aviation industry to monitor thin films in applications such as monitoring curing of epoxy coatings, verifying its composition measuring thickness of primer coatings, verifying cleanliness and investigation of coatings failure. The other technology to be evaluated is hyperspectral imaging. Surface Optics is a champion in the development of spectral imaging covering spectral regions from visible to far infrared. The hyperspectral imaging will be evaluated for large scale quick inspection for physical imperfections and potential composition uniformity problems. Surface Optics is teaming up with a composite manufacturer, COI Ceramics, Inc. an ATK Space Systems and Sensors Affiliate represented by Andy Szweda and Curtis Hunkins ((858)621-5742), and military engine manufacturer Pratt and Whitney represented by Gregory Hildebrand ((860)565-4003).

ENGINEERING RESEARCH & ANALYSIS CO. 340 SENTINEL OAK DRIVE DAYTON, OH 45458
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 291-3800 Dr. Mohammed A. Mawid NAVY 07-069 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Pulse Detonation Engines Cycle Analysis and Performance Prediction Code
Abstract:	A transient performance PDE code is proposed for development and demonstration in this SBIR project. The proposed formulation methodology for the performance code is based upon a zero-order time-marching methodology to compute PDE properties as a function of PDE cycle time. The proposed PDE code formulation does not require shape functions from experiments or unsteady-CFD simulations, it rather computes the pressure, temperature, density, mass flow, thrust as a function of time within each PDE cycle by using a zeroth order time-marching methodology.The perfromance code will be developed in a modular manner as to allow for incorporating new improved submodels for inlet, nozzle, and PDE chamber as they become available.

METACOMP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 28632 Roadside Drive, #255 Agoura Hills, CA 91301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 735-4882 Dr. Sampath Palaniswamy NAVY 07-069 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Pulse Detonation Engines Cycle Analysis and Performance Prediction Code
Abstract:	Prediction of the propulsive performance of a pure tube PDE is of great interest in order to understand and improve the design of an engine in a parametric space comprising geometric parameters, fuel type, degree of mixing and detonation initiation method. Metacomp Technologies, Inc., proposes a computational program to develop a CFD-based code that will estimate system-level, installed-basis PDE performance and will address key technical challenges faced in a pulse detonation engine technology development. Being a quasi-1D code, this performance analysis tool will enable short turnaround times, required for the design cycle.

3 PHOENIX, INC. 13135 Lee Jackson HwySuite 330 Fairfax, VA 22033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 562-5333 Mr. John Jamieson NAVY 07-070 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Distributed Sensor System Innovations
Abstract:	The primary objective of this Phase I SBIR is to develop cost effective distributed sensor systems which will enable the Navy to reduce the total costs of ownership while achieving system performance and reliability goals. The two most significant challenges facing the Navy sensor systems community today are system availability and cost. Current solutions have been very polarized in results in that the cost effective systems have yielded unacceptable availability while higher availability systems are at prohibitive cost levels. Achieving these objectives will require a multifaceted approach that addresses not only the cost of the electronics but adopts scalable simplified system architectures. The approach must develop innovative packaging approaches, facilitate improved sensor manufacturing processes, utilize new sensor technologies that are more cost effectively scaled to higher performance applications, and transition to higher levels of component integration. Extending this capability across multiple sensor systems and the synchronous data fusion of either homogeneous and/or heterogeneous sets of sensors will enable Future Naval Capabilities to realize multi-sensor system processing and provide greatly enhanced detection capabilities while attaining system availability and cost goals.

APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES CORP. 475 Bridge StreetSuite 100 Groton, CT 06340
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 448-3253 Dr. James McConnell NAVY 07-070 Awarded: 17MAY07
Title:	Distributed Sensor System Innovations
Abstract:	The overall intent of this project is to produce cost-effective component technologies that will facilitate the development of compact sensing nodes which are utilized by deep submergence vector sensing line arrays. The principle application for this effort is targeted for the augmented reliable acoustic path vector sensing line array. In that regard, the Phase I study will develop a prototype compact vector sensor housing together with an integrated omni-directional pressure hydrophone that will (1) meet the electronic noise floor and submergence depth criteria imposed on the prototype device currently in production and (2) be produced at substantially lower costs than the prototype device. These components will be designed using the results from analytical modeling, numerical modeling, and proof-of-principle laboratory experiments. It should be stated that, while this SBIR Phase I project addresses the development of a compact vector sensor housing containing an integrated pressure hydrophone, APS plans to leverage the results from SBIR Topic N07-076 "Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals" to address the development of a compact pressure-gradient hydrophone. The results of both SBIR projects will be used together during Phase II in which a series of prototype vector sensors will be fabricated and tested.

BTECH ACOUSTICS 17 Surrey Rd Barrington, RI 02806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 261-9318 Dr. David A. Brown NAVY 07-070 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Distributed Sensor System Innovations
Abstract:	This proposal is for the design and development of a new low cost directional acoustic sensor technology with integrated acoustic modem capabilities for distributed sensor systems. The study addresses the feasibility to significant improve legacy performance of current A-size directional sonobuoy sensors with a new sensor and processing approach and to establish performance predictions for the new sensor/system for the smaller MJU-10 size sonobuoys and distributed sensors.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun DriveSuite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5269 Dr. Babak Azimi-Sadjadi NAVY 07-070 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Multiuser Estimation; A Distributed Error Correction Technique for Sensor Networks
Abstract:	To ensure the freedom of maneuver for forces moving from the see to inland, surface and subsurface threats including small and fast boats, submarines, and mines should be detected and located. The most effective method to carry out this task is to deploy a large grid of distributed sensors that reports the littoral activities to the command and control units. This approach is already pursued in various Navy programs including Advance Deployable System. One of the major obstacles that limits the abilities of the sensors in a large grid is the short operational range caused by limited power on board and the unfavorable environment. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation, Inc. details a novel approach for sensor nodes in a sensor network that significantly reduces the transmit power requirement, in particular those communicating with acoustic signals through littoral waters. We propose to implement an innovative method called "multiuser estimation" for estimating the received signal from multiple sensors with correlated data. Correlations will occur any time a target is detected by multiple sensors, or if the environmental changes affect the neighboring sensors in a similar way. In our method we use the correlation for correcting errors caused by the noisy channel.

NAVMAR APPLIED SCIENCES CORP. 65 West Street RoadBuilding C Warminster, PA 18974
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 675-4900 Mr. Roger A. Holler NAVY 07-070 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Distributed Sensor System Innovations
Abstract:	In order to counter the quiet modern submarine threat, distributed sensor systems require innovative concepts to provide high performance levels cost-effectively. With technical advancements, smarter, more capable sensors can now provide improved performance, long-range, and long-life to achieve cost-effectiveness. Utilizing the Reliable Acoustic Path in deep water, an array of sensors can achieve long range acoustic detection when reliably deployed and moored. The distribution of these sensors over an area requires that they be of reasonably manageable size and weight (e.g., Mk-46) for launch from aircraft and ships. The optimal automatic deployment, descent, and mooring of a highly capable RAP sensor requires a precise sequence of underwater. The design and packaging of the sensor depends upon this sequence. Stability of descent, cable payout, component deployment, bottom impact, and mooring reliability depend upon parameters such as hydrodynamic shape; the changing mass, weight, and buoyancy distribution during with descent; cable-pull-out force; component size and shape; impact velocity; bottom type; and anchor type. The present effort is to develop an optimal, cost-effective means of automatically deploying a large, multi-element array sensor in the deep ocean and mooring this sensor where the ocean bottom depth, slope, and type is unknown.

TETHERS UNLIMITED, INC. 11711 N. Creek Pkwy S., Suite D113 Bothell, WA 98011
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 486-0100 Mr. Scott Frank NAVY 07-070 Awarded: 08MAY07
Title:	Marine Environment Deployment of Undersea Sensor Arrays (MEDUSA)
Abstract:	Rapid deployment of sensor arrays into deep sea and littoral environments requires reliable mechanisms and payload packaging in order to ensure proper placement and longevity. Additionally, sensor networks require reliable, repeatable coverage areas and spacing. The methods of achieving this can change depending on whether the sensors are deployed singly or as part of a multi-sensor system. TUI proposes to develop two prototype underwater sensor deployment systems, one for individual sensor payload deployment for use in creating distributed networks by deploying individual payloads in desired locations, and one for multiple payload deployment for creating sensor networks by deploying a single package that then autonomously deploys multiple sensor payloads. These systems can be deployed by several means, including air drop, from a submarine's three inch launcher, or via hydro-casting from a surface vessel. Both deployment systems can provide an optical fiber link from the sensor package to a buoy to enable either RF transmission of the sensor data or data logging by a retrievable package. The proposed Marine Environment Deployment of Undersea Sensor Arrays (MEDUSA) system will provide the Navy with a low-cost, reliable, and effective means of rapidly deploying arrays of sensors in the deep see and littoral environments.

VERYST ENGINEERING LLC 47A Kearney Road Needham, MA 02494
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 433-0433 Dr. Stuart B Brown NAVY 07-070 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Efficient, High Power Density Energy Harvesting Device
Abstract:	Implementation of novel energy harvesting device using storage of energy within an elastic structure and subsequent release to produce electrical power. The device provides power levels greater than piezoelectric devices and a specific energy density based on volume and mass greater than batteries.

MILCORD LLC 1050 Winter StreetSuite 1000 Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(207) 866-6532 Dr. Thomas Windholz NAVY 07-071 Selected for Award
Title:	Geospatial Knowledge Management Approach to Automated Image Understanding
Abstract:	Information processing and knowledge representation are core components of knowledge management applications in C4ISR. Given the explosive growth of image data collection with associated text descriptors in these systems, Automated Image Understanding would advance the cause for automation urgently needed. Video imagery is emerging as a major source for intelligence information as well, especially in rapidly evolving operations. This transition from static to motion imagery is introducing substantial challenges related to the large amounts of data involved, and the corresponding application development requirements. Here, Milcord LLC and our partner intuVision propose to research, design, and build a feasibility prototype of an automated image understanding architecture using a geospatial knowledge management approach. Our approach features fully automated extraction of feature content from diverse sources, storing these features in an innovative integrated geospatial database, establishing the relationships between ancillary data taxonomy classes to build an ontology that defines, belief networks that uses the extracted source content in conjunction with the ontology for automated image understanding. Building our information processing and knowledge representation approach on previous US government funded R&D technologies developed by our team members will leverage these works and give our project a jump start in developing and operational prototype.

SET ASSOC. CORP. 1005 N. Glebe Rd.Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 965-9961 Dr. Yang Ran NAVY 07-071 Selected for Award
Title:	Unsupervised Techniques for Video Clustering, Classification and Understanding
Abstract:	SET Corporation proposes to design, develop and demonstrate unsupervised algorithms for automatic grouping, classification and characterization of prerecorded or live video streams. Our system integrates algorithms for color, appearance, and motion-based characterization of video segments of possibly variable lengths using unsupervised techniques that allow efficient user interactions. We propose a simultaneous segmentation and parameter learning approach that clusters video segments in an unsupervised manner. A sequence of such video segments forms a video cluster from which, radiometric, statistical, structural and semantic attributes are extracted. The segmentation algorithm is quasi-invariant to viewpoint changes and invariant to variations such as the execution rate of events, resolution of video, rotation and translation. In Phase II, we will integrate a high-level semantic architecture that will provide summarization, indexing and retrieval functionalities.

VISION TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1808 Foxborough Ct. Champaign, IL 61822
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(217) 398-0161 Mr. John Hart NAVY 07-071 Selected for Award
Title:	Information Processing and Knowledge Representation For Automated Image Understanding
Abstract:	This Phase I proposal is for evaluating the feasibility of a system for (i) automatic extraction and representation of important attributes of image and video data, and (ii) inference of high level scene descriptions from these attributes. Specifically, the proposed work is aimed at exploring the feasibility of methodically incorporating into a system the capabilities to: (1) discover any salient patterns prevalent in image and video data, (2) learn definitions of complex visual concepts characterized by increasingly complex patterns, (3) recognize their occurrences in previously unseen data, (4) search and retrieve all parts of a video database containing occurrences of previously learned concepts, and (5) provide a summary of a given image/video in terms of spatial and chronological relationships that the concepts recognized in the data exhibit. These capabilities are of significant general importance as they can act as the foundation of solutions to problems in a broad range of contexts such as military, law enforcement, commerce, and the internet usage. Synergistic integration into a single system as proposed will significantly amplify their individual strengths, to yield a powerful tool for information processing and knowledge representation for automated image understanding.

AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP. 9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 225-4378 Mr. Joel Pedlikin NAVY 07-072 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Degradable Taggant
Abstract:	Aurora Flight Sciences (AFS), in collaboration with the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), propose to develop a low-cost, easily deployed, degradable taggant that can be dispersed over a wide area to serve as a witness to activity in the area and for queuing of other sensors. The passive taggant will enable nearly real-time change detection within the treated area using one or more simple optical sensing techniques. In addition to developing the degradable taggant, the AFS-WPI team will also develop a conceptual design for a robust sensor system (including its concept of operation) that can be used to quickly and accurately detect changes in an area of interest that are characteristic of IED emplacement or other asymmetric threat activities.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Amy E. Stevens NAVY 07-072 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Activated Chemiluminescent Gels for Intrusion Detection
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI) proposes to develop a self-contained, biodegradable, chemiluminescent hydrogel for applications in covert determination of trespass. The hydrogel will stabilize the generation of light by mimicking a solution-phase environment. PSI's design is expected to yield a pressure-activated passive chemiluminescent signal that will persist at readable luminosities for about 2 weeks, with gradual loss of the signal. PSI's taggant powder will represent a significant advancement over other self-generated lighting systems because it will not present an environmental hazard or leave behind telltale waste. Chemiluminescent gels offer a tunable emission wavelength due to the spectral diversity of fluorophores that can be chosen as the light emitter, or lumophore. During Phase I development we will utilize a red-emitting lumophore. Subsequent development would be to utilize a near-infrared lumophore so that only those wearing night vision goggles can view the taggant response, and/or a green lumophore for enhanced visible detection capability.

TIAX LLC 15 Acorn Park Cambridge, MA 02140
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 498-6470 Dr. Anant K. Singh NAVY 07-072 Awarded: 14MAY07
Title:	Degradable Taggants
Abstract:	TIAX proposes an effort to address the two primary technical challenges that need to be resolved in order to develop a robust tagging system to enable near-real time change detection for monitoring of specified routes used by US troops in combat zones. The extreme urgency of this need is starkly clear given the situation in Iraq where roadside bombings using Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) are the biggest killer of US troops. These tagging systems can ultimately enable: (i) near-real time detection of indications of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) threats, (ii) collection of movement data by examining tracks in a targeted area, and (iii) identification of entities (e.g., people, vehicles) that were once in the area of interest. The Phase I effort will focus on evaluating the feasibility of the proposed technical solution. Our technical approach is especially designed to accelerate the development process and provide on-the-ground solutions expeditiously. This technology can serve a variety of unmet TTL (Tag, Track and Locate) needs, and has a vast number of potential applications in US military, homeland security, and civilian/commercial markets.

DOUBLESHOT, INC. 1200 Valley House Drive Rohnert Park, CA 94928
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(352) 383-9087 Mr. Carlos Newcomb NAVY 07-073 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Display Technology for 360 Degree Imagery and Situation Awareness for Combat Vehicles
Abstract:	Doubleshot Inc. proposes a 360� situational awareness display based on its successfully fielded Doubleshot technology to provide a naturally intuitive viewing interface demonstrably well suited to the confines and constraints of the restricted environments of military combat vehicles.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun DriveSuite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5246 Dr. Jinglu Qiao NAVY 07-073 Awarded: 17APR07
Title:	Software Defined Display on Flexible 360� Screen
Abstract:	IAI will provide a Software Defined Display on Flexible LCD Panoramic Viewer with real-time 3D information. We use a number of flexible LCD panels for the panoramic screen. The system uses FPGAs to control the 360� video data and sends portions of entire frame to every LCD panel which also has a FPGA as a controller. FPGA MicroBlaze and our HDL IP cores are used to implement Software Define Display. When user presses a button to choose the mode, the corresponding firmware is downloaded to the FPGAs, so that a new display mode is configured. We also detail a particular a 3D omni-directional sensor solution to provide 3D 360� video, and a corresponding real-time approach for targets detection, location and alarm. The advantages of the proposed 360�, 3D imagery system are: . Both sensors and displays are interfaced readily through plug and play. . Many display modes can be chosen to meet a variety of applications. . The 3D sensor is structured to simplify 3D image processing, . The system is very compact and consumes little power.

ENVIRONMENTAL ROBOTS, INC. 909 Virginia Avenue, Suite 205 Albuquerque, NM 87108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 265-4479 Dr. Mohsen Shahinpoor NAVY 07-074 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	"Jellyfish" Smart Sensor Made With Electroactive Ionic Polymer Nanocomposites
Abstract:	This Phase I Navy SBIR effort will examine the design and development feasibility of an underwater biomimetic swimming structure resembling a jellyfish. The proposed underwater biomimetic swimming structure or artificial jellyfish will be fabricated with electroactive ionic polymer Platinum nanocomposites capable of underwater distributed sensing, transduction and actuation. The proposed artificial jellyfish will be a self-contained and relatively buoyant structure including, locomotion in the form of jellyfish propulsion, energy harvesting by mechanoelectric transduction and distributed sensing capabilities. The proposed artificial jellyfish will also house any electronics processing and/or communications package within its bell. The proposed effort will also conduct underwater experiments to predict the performance of the proposed underwater biomimetic swimming structure based on laboratory results currently available for sensing, transduction and actuation capabilities of ionic polymer metal nanocomposites. The proposed structure will also be able to sense sonar or acoustic pressure and/or intensity along with energy harvesting and storage capability in addition to jellyfish like propulsion capability for both variable depth and horizontal motions.

INFOSCITEX CORP. 303 Bear Hill Road Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 890-1338 Mr. Jeremiah Slade NAVY 07-074 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Biomimetic Maneuverable EAP Anti-Submarine Sensor
Abstract:	In order to address the U.S. Navy's need for improved tools for use in Anti-Submarine Warfare IST is proposing to develop an advanced acoustic sensing system consisting of networked smart sensor nodes. Each of these sensor nodes will be mobile and able to communicate with nearby sensors to form a reconfigurable network. Sensor mobility will be accomplished using electroactive polymer (EAP) fins located on the sensor's hull. This biomimetic configuration will closely resemble that of the cuttlefish, an animal in the cephalopod order. Slight rippling of these laterally fringing fins along with buoyancy control will provide a dynamic lift that can quickly move the sensor from passive suspension to active propulsion. These sensor nodes will also be able to operate for extended periods by utilizing ocean currents and waves as an energy source from which electrical power can be continuously harvested. This approach will utilize long tentacle-like rolls of EAP material attached to the underside of the sensor hull. When strained these EAP "tentacles" will produce an electric current that can be used to harvest energy from movements occurring in the ocean environment such as currents, waves, and pressure differentials.

STRATEGIC POLYMER SCIENCES, INC. 200 Innovation Blvd.Suite 237 State College, PA 16803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 238-7400 Dr. Shihai Zhang NAVY 07-074 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	'Jellyfish' Smart Sensor
Abstract:	This SBIR program will make use of the start-of-the-art electroactive polymers and bio-inspired design of jellyfish for locomotion to develop a smart sensor that combining sensing, energy collecting, electro-elastic actuation and communication in one self-contained autonomous device. For force protection, anti-terrorism and homeland defense mission, there is an urgent need for deployable, distributed field of sensors, analogous to traditional Sonobuoys with an additional function of field persistence. This dictates orders of magnitude reduction in energy requirements to operate the sensors for the requisite operational service life (~six-months). In order to reach this goal, Strategic Polymer Sciences, Inc. (SPS) will develop bio-inspired jellyfish smart sensors in which the electroactive polymer generated shape change will be employed for the locomotion of jellyfish smart sensors, which will markedly reduce the energy requirement for the locomotion and station keep. Recent experimental results also demonstrated that by integrating electroactive polymers with smart electronics, a much higher energy harvesting efficiency can be achieved. In this SBIR program, SPS will integrate these technologies to develop the proposed smart sensors. In Phase I of this program, SPS will develop detailed design and simulation to determine the performance of the jellyfish smart sensors.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Mr. William Bergeron NAVY 07-074 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Biomimetic Sonobuoy(1001-025)
Abstract:	Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to develop a self contained, energy scavenging, biomimetic submarine detection system. This system will incorporate state of the art energy scavenging techniques, innovative station keeping and buoyancy control mechanisms, and low power electronics to create a stealthy, long lasting sonobuoy detector. The system is designed for extended usage and can self recharge and redeploy while maintaining in the approximate region of its initial deployment. In Phase I Trion will build the various subsystems of the sonobuoy and test them in a large-scale facility to prove the feasibility of the technology and provide the basis for the next generation of sonobuoy sensors.

ENGINEERING ACOUSTICS, INC. 933 Lewis Dr., Suite C Winter Park, FL 32789
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 645-5444 Dr. Bruce Mortimer NAVY 07-075 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	High Frequency Broadband Hybrid Transducer/Amplifier
Abstract:	Traditionally, the sonar amplifier system has been viewed as the configuration of various independent disciplines; transduction, magnetic compensation and matching, power amplifiers and control. Clearly these disciplines cannot be regarded in isolation and there are significant advantages in designing a complete modular sonar system. This proposal describes a unified approach - a hybrid sonar transducer that includes a compact amplifier, matching magnetics, and control electronics within the transducer housing. The goal is that the total package may be treated as a module for inclusion in a scalable array that can be affixed to, or embedded in, the hull or structure of a small unmanned undersea vehicle or glider, or in the coating of a surface combatant or submarine.

ETREMA PRODUCTS, INC. 2500 N. Loop Drive Ames, IA 50010
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(515) 296-8030 Dr. Julie Slaughter NAVY 07-075 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	High Frequency Broadband Hybrid Transducer/Amplifier
Abstract:	The proposed development will result in a compact, efficient, broadband transducer module including amplifier and wet-end transducer. To facilitate multiple mission requirements, the transducer performance goals are a broad bandwidth (7-30 kHz), compact size on the order of 1/2 wavelength at the center frequency, at least 30 watts output power, and high efficiency. The resulting technology from this work will be a compact, broadband transducer module using new materials and new amplifier technology that will be capable of fulfilling multiple missions. The magnetostrictive transducer will be based on multi-resonant TERFENOL-D concepts and/or a hybrid combination of TERFENOL-D and Galfenol, a new class of structural magnetostrictive materials. The amplifier/electronics development will include a full design for a next generation power module that incorporates high power density wideband gap (state of the art) integrated power conditioning and control capabilities that will have wide impact far beyond the current proposed system. The Phase I effort will demonstrate feasibility of the transducer module concept using models and limited experiments. If successful, the proposed work will result in a compact, broadband transducer module using new materials and new amplifier technology that will be capable of fulfilling multiple missions.

IMAGE ACOUSTICS, INC. 97 Elm Street Cohasset, MA 02025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 383-2002 Dr. John L. Butler NAVY 07-075 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	High Frequency Broadband Hybrid Transducer/Amplifier
Abstract:	There is a need to develop a broad-bandwidth, efficient, small compact projector module with integral amplifier that can be imbedded in the hull of an unmanned vehicle or in the coating of a surface combatant or submarine. It should also have the capability of a hydrophone for possible use in a communications mode. The modules could be used together to form a conformal array. The transducer should also have a high coupling coefficient, yielding a high power factor and, because of the lower volt-ampere transducer requirement, a smaller power amplifier. This and the need for low frequency performance from a small container has led us to a transducer design which we call the CMX transducer which can be operated with PZT-8 or single crystal piezoelectric material, such as PMN-28%PT. This material has the advantage of considerably higher compliance, coupling coefficient, d constant and strain compared to conventional PZT-8. In this proposal we present FEA modeling results which demonstrate the exceptional performance of the CMX transducer with both PZT-8 and PMN-28%PT and its suitability for the desired application. We propose a program for the development of a practical prototype element and design for the above intended applications.

ACENTECH, INC. 33 Moulton Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 499-8068 Mr. David L. Bowen NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals: Design of a Transducer for Underwater Communications
Abstract:	This proposal is concerned with the use of single crystal PMN-PT as a transducer element in underwater communication systems. The high sensitivity and strain capability of these materials makes them unusually appropriate for the demands of small size and high output needed in this application. Developments already underway as an element in active noise reduction earplugs for personnel on the flight decks of aircraft carriers lead naturally to the use of similar transducers for in-the-ear loudspeakers for personnel carrying out underwater missions, particularly in the littoral ocean zones. Such activities are of particular value in communicating with personnel who will wear ear canal insert earphones resistant to water and pressure, and still maintain a high degree of fidelity, frequency and dynamic range for the presentation of transmitted messages. The same or similar elements can also serve as microphones or hydrophones as part of a two-way communications link. The progress and experience we already have in working with PMN-PT has convinced us of the special advantages that this material has when incorporated into small, high output acoustical drivers, and offers an unusual opportunity to design and prototype a transducer for underwater communications.

APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES CORP. 475 Bridge StreetSuite 100 Groton, CT 06340
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 448-3253 Dr. James McConnell NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 23MAY07
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	The overall intent of this project is to develop a series of miniature vector sensors for statically deployed and towed array applications. In each of these applications the sensor will be required to have an operational bandwidth commensurate with the passive ASW frequency range and an electronic noise floor below sea-state zero. In that regard, the Phase I study comprises of an evaluation to (1) determine which type of pressure-gradient hydrophone (i.e., either inertial or diffraction) is best suited for the application and (2) which single crystal transduction mode (i.e., extension or shear) is best suited for miniaturization. These tasks will be accomplished using analytical and numerical models along with proof-of-principle experiments. At the conclusion of Phase I a pre-prototype miniature biaxial vector sensor, suitable for submarine thin-line towed array applications, will be fabricated and tested. During Phase II, several application-specific miniature vector sensors will be fabricated and tested in laboratory and field environments to ascertain their performance under conditions that are consistent with those encountered in situ. The sensors developed during Phase II will contain integrated electronics.

BTECH ACOUSTICS 17 Surrey Rd Barrington, RI 02806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 261-9318 Dr. David A. Brown NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	We propose a compact broadband underwater cylindrical transducer with directional capabilities for acoustic communications (ACOMMS) for unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) and gliders. Our proposed solution is to incorporate single crystals and directional capabilities into the acoustic modem transducer, thereby increasing overall system capability. BTech has designed and built improved modem transducers using segmented single crystal (PMN-PT) rings, which offer increased bandwidth and electroacoustic efficiency. BTech has also demonstrated directional capabilities with PZT based modems. The two technologies will be combined to achieve a directional broadband single crystal modem.

BTECH ACOUSTICS 17 Surrey Rd Barrington, RI 02806
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 261-9318 Dr. David A. Brown NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	A single crystal cylindrical ring transducer with multi-resonant broadband operation is described with counter measure and general purpose sonar applications.

FBS, INC. 143 Hawbaker Industrial Drive Suite #102 State College, PA 16803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 232-3437 Dr. Michael J. Avioli NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 22MAY07
Title:	Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals for Guided Wave Pipe Inspection
Abstract:	Shipboard piping inspection is a key factor in assessing the sea worthiness of naval craft. Other piping applications such as fuel lines are also critical. Ultrasonic guided waves have recently received much attention for inspecting complex pipelines. Guided wave pipeline inspection is typically carried out by placing an array of piezoceramic or piezocomposite transducers on the pipe and exciting a guided wave that travels along the pipe axis. The technology is currently limited by guided wave penetration power that can be achieved with the current sensing materials. FBS, Inc. proposes applying relaxor based single crystal composite materials to guided wave pipeline inspection for Navy ships. The technology will also be applicable to all other un-piggable pipelines; such as those in the natural oil and gas industry. Single crystals, which have yet to be applied to guided wave applications, may provide a much needed increase in sensor sensitivity, bandwidth, and penetration power, which would in-turn allow increased inspection distances and sensitivity. Increased penetration power would also allow higher frequency guided wave inspections which would increase inspection sensitivity.

FERRO SOLUTIONS, INC. 215 First Street, suite 203 Cambridge, MA 02142
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 253-6913 Dr. Robert O'Handley NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	tbd

H. C. MATERIALS CORP. 2004 South Wright Street Urbana, IL 61802
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 244-8369 Dr. Pengdi Han NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 16MAY07
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	This proposed project is for the new application of PMN-PT based piezoelectric crystals. Shear modes of PMN-PT crystals show the supreme properties: k15 <111> poled PMN-PT crystal has a coupling coefficient greater than 0.95 and k36 <011> poled PMN-PT crystal gives a coupling coefficient greater than 0.90. The k36 <011> has a unique re-pole-ability and larger coercive field over 5 kV/cm (2 times higher than <001> poled k33 mode) that more promising for high power projectors. The proposed device is designed to replace the transducer which is being used in a mine counter measure (MCM) application on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The proposed shear mode transducer will give the following advantages over the existing transducer: insensitive to the hydrostatic pressure (under water depth), compact volume, less reactive load to the system power amplifier and broaden sandwich. The proposed work will investigate these material properties to produce a compact low frequency SONAR projector capable of very high bandwidth. Anticipated work in Phase II would enable the fabrication of the shear mode transducers for military and commercial applications.

HARRIS ACOUSTIC PRODUCTS CORP. 141 Washington Street E. Walpole, MA 02032
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 660-6000 Mr. William Pozzo NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Application of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals for existing underwater communication systems
Abstract:	An underwater voice communication system is mandated for all the US naval surface ships and submarines. The current communication system employs two standard transducers a low frequency transducer for long range communication and a high frequency transducer for shorter ranges but with better quality. By exploiting the unique properties of single crystals, this proposal suggests to replace both transducers with a compact single wideband single crystal transducer. In Phase-I Harris will conduct the performance analysis of such a transducer along with the analysis of changes needed to match such a transducer to the existing electronics. A cost analysis, to estimate the potential savings in life cycle costs from the development will also be part of the Phase-I research. Phase -II will focus on developing the full prototype transducer and test procedures for deployment. Once developed, the transducer will not only be suitable for the existing underwater communication system but also will allow new applications that will exploit the wider bandwidth of the transducers.

HONEYBEE ROBOTICS 460 West 34th Street New York, NY 10001
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(646) 459-7806 Mr. Roopnarine NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Piezo Actuator for an EOD Manipulator Arm
Abstract:	Honeybee Robotics proposes to develop an ultrasonic actuator using high performance single crystal relaxor piezoelectric materials. These new materials, with strains exceeding 1% and electromechanical coupling exceeding 90%, allow for higher output torques and better efficiencies than possible with previous piezo materials. While traditional ultrasonic actuators are commonly used for micro-positioning applications, we seek to demonstrate that the improvement in the performance capabilities of ultrasonic actuators will enable their use in applications where greater torque, precision control, and demanding volume/weight constraints require novel actuators. The proposed innovation, based on a patent held by Honeybee Robotics, departs from conventional designs for ultrasonic actuators and changes the basic geometry by generating traveling waves on a stator surface. In this manner, a combination of the single crystal relaxor ceramics and amplification by the geometric design of the stator would achieved improved performance of the actuator. Our proposed solution provides a compact actuator with a high torque/volume ratio, fail-safe braking, no required lubrication, and no electromagnetic interference. It will have low mass and few mechanical parts in a simple geometric arrangement. The actuator proposed will also demonstrate benefits with respect to reliability, safety and cost-effectiveness.

IMAGE ACOUSTICS, INC. 97 Elm Street Cohasset, MA 02025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 383-2002 Dr. John L. Butler NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	This SBIR Proposal addresses the need for improved acoustic performance at the low end of the required ADC MK4 frequency band to ensure countermeasure effectiveness against the ever increasing threat to U.S. submarines. Image Acoustics Inc. has teamed with Ultra Electronics Ocean Systems (UEOS), the current producer of ADC MK 4 countermeasures, to offer a solution that combines a unique new Trioid transducer design with the improved material properties of single crystal. Single crystal's higher electromechanical coupling, higher piezoelectric d constant and lower modulus than conventional piezoelectric ceramic translates to dramatic improvements in bandwidth, transmit voltage response and resonant frequency, respectively. These improved material properties are essential to the enhancement of ADC MK4 low frequency performance, which is currently limited by the material properties of conventional ceramic. The proposed single crystal Trioid transducer is ideally suited for this low frequency application and will enable a fully specification compliant countermeasure with the added bandwidth capability for improved protection of our Navy's most valuable assets. Phase I of this research and development project will demonstrate the feasibility of a practical device and will include transducer design, computer modeling and the fabrication and test of a scaled experimental prototype.

IMAGE ACOUSTICS, INC. 97 Elm Street Cohasset, MA 02025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 383-2002 Dr. John L. Butler NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	This SBIR Proposal addresses the need for a compact, low frequency, broadband, towed high power source for active detection and localization capability on U.S. Navy surface ships. Image Acoustics, an innovator in transducer design with seventeen U.S. patents, has teamed with Ultra Electronics Ocean Systems (UEOS), the prime contractor on the recent and successful Detection, Classification and Localization Demo (Contract No. N00024-05-C-6105), to offer a solution that combines a unique new Trioid transducer design with the improved material properties of single crystal. Single crystal's higher electromechanical coupling, higher piezoelectric d constant and lower modulus than conventional piezoelectric ceramic translates to dramatic improvements in bandwidth, transmit voltage response and resonant frequency, respectively. These improved material properties are critical to meeting the goals for acoustic performance and size. Phase I of this research and development project will demonstrate the feasibility of a practical device and will include transducer design, computer modeling and the fabrication and test of a scaled experimental prototype.

IMAGE ACOUSTICS, INC. 97 Elm Street Cohasset, MA 02025
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 383-2002 Dr. John L. Butler NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	This SBIR Proposal addresses the Navy's vision for the Next Generation Countermeasure (NGCM) by demonstrating the feasibility of a 3-inch diameter ADC MK4. Image Acoustics, an innovator in transducer design with seventeen U.S. patents, has teamed with Ultra Electronics Ocean Systems (UEOS), the current supplier of all expendable acoustic countermeasures to the U.S. Navy, to offer a solution that combines a unique new transducer design with the improved material properties of single crystal. Single crystal's higher electromechanical coupling, higher piezoelectric d constant and lower modulus than conventional piezoelectric ceramic translate to dramatic improvements in bandwidth, transmit voltage response and resonant frequency, respectively. These improved material properties are essential to solving the ADC MK4 acoustics problem in a 3-inch diameter form factor. Because lower operating bands require larger diameters, our team will focus the Phase I effort on Channel 1, which represents the biggest design challenge. Image Acoustics will design and model a 3-inch diameter single crystal Trioid transducer (based on Patent No. 4,742,499 by Image Acoustics) to meet the ADC MK4 requirements in the Channel 1 frequency band, while UEOS will fabricate and test the design to demonstrate the feasibility of a practical device.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun DriveSuite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-4760 Mr. Dan Xiang NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Self-Powered Wireless Acoustic Sensors for Impact Detection and Evaluation
Abstract:	The use of acoustics for impact detection and structural health monitoring has been proven successful. Conventional acoustic techniques require multiple acoustic sensors for the impact source location and damage interpretation. In some applications the need for complex interconnections between multiple sensors or sensor arrays and instrumentation can be a problem. For sensors used in harsh environments, wiring between the sensors and the data acquisition/analysis system could be very difficult or even impossible. Recently developed radio frequency identification (RFID) techniques are getting mature, and they offer an effective method for passive remote identification relaying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation Inc. (IAI) proposes an innovative wireless acoustic sensor design, which exploits the advantages of both the relaxor piezoelectric single crystal and the RFID technology for impact detection and evaluation of naval structures.

KCF TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 112 W. Foster AveSuite 1 State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 867-4097 Dr. Jacob Loverich NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Ultra-Compact Power Harvesting for Self-Powered Aircraft Sensors
Abstract:	KCF Technologies will combine our experience in single-crystal piezoelectric devices and vibration power harvesting to develop ultra-compact vibration power harvesting devices to enable self-powered sensors on aircraft systems. Single-crystal piezoelectric materials enable this technology to meet the challenging weight requirement and power output needs of aircraft applications. Specifically, the high piezoelectric coupling coefficient and elastic compliance enable order-of-magnitude improvements in device power density. This proposed technology builds upon KCF's leadership in vibration power harvesting for industrial and shipboard wireless sensors. The compactness and high power output, directly enabled by single-crystal ferroelectrics, are demanded for aircraft components where weight reductions are critical and high-vibration components are readily available. This device will enable three stages of new and advanced sensors on aircraft; the first stage is self-powered retrofit sensors for condition monitoring. In Phase I, KCF will design and fabricate an ultra-compact vibration power harvester using single-crystal piezoelectric material and demonstrate it powering a miniature autonomous sensor in a simulated aircraft vibration environment. In Phase II, KCF will join with our partners Eaton Aerospace and RLW, Inc. for a system demonstration of self-powered aircraft sensors.

MATERIALS SYSTEMS, INC. 543 Great Road Littleton, MA 01460
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 486-0404 Mr. Barry Doust NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Common Acoustic Communication Module for UUVs
Abstract:	MSI has developed a cost-effective method for producing PMN-PT single crystal materials by Solid State Conversion (SSC) of the precursor ceramic. MSI's SSC single crystals have five times greater piezoelectric performance than the conventional hard PZT ceramics used in legacy sonar transmitters. Although PMN-PT melt-grown single crystals are limited by their high cost, MSI expects that SSC single crystals will have similar cost to that of PZT ceramics in quantity. This translates to an enabling capability for Navy sonar transmitter applications. MSI now has the capability, established through recent high performance torpedo homing array programs, to design, build and test broadband sonar transducers made from advanced piezoelectric materials. MSI proposes to bring together these capabilities in SSC single crystal synthesis and broadband sonar transducer design to establish a new, cost-effective, compact and broadband acoustic communications (ACOMMS) capability for Navy Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) applications. In Phase I, MSI will collaborate with WHOI to design and show a proof-of-concept SSC single crystal ACOMMS transmitter for Navy UUV applications. In Phase II, MSI will refine and demonstrate a Common Acoustic Communications Module (CACM) that can be affordably integrated into a variety of UUV and other underwater platforms.

PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP. 9500 Innovation Drive Manassas, VA 20110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 359-4566 Mr. Jim Smith NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 16MAY07
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	Planned Wide Aperture Array (WAA) sonar sensors for submarines are neutrally buoyant accelerometers embedded in a compliant hull coating that sense the particle motion of a target signal as it passes through the coating. Existing designs of sensors using conventional piezoelectric ceramic materials are designed to operate in the bandwidth of legacy WAA systems. Single crystal materials, due to their enormous bandwidth and high sensitivity offer the possibility of providing WAA sensors that are dramatically smaller in size and which will have ultra wide bandwidth. This project proposes to design and demonstrate the feasibility of such a ultra wide bandwidth sensor using newly developed single crystal material with improved performance and manufacturability.

PROGENY SYSTEMS CORP. 9500 Innovation Drive Manassas, VA 20110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 359-4566 Mr. Jim Smith NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	Single crystal materials in high drive transducers have been shown to provide significant performance enhancements associated with their power density and broader transmit/receive spectrum coverage. As a result, compared to legacy transducers employing conventional piezoelectric ceramic materials, single crystal transducers can provide orders of magnitude size and weight reduction. This size reduction can be exploited to provide towed array that can survive the high-speed capability of the LCS.

QORTEK, INC. 1965 Lycoming Creek Road Suite 205 Williamsport, PA 17701
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(570) 322-2700 Dr. Gareth Knowles NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 01JUN07
Title:	Highly Compact Broadband Acoustic Sources
Abstract:	The proposed research is to develop and demonstrate (during Phase 1) a new design concept for active underwater acoustics sources that uses single crystal multilayer ceramics technology in an essential way. The proposed new subcompact acoustic source design will enable maximum broadcast power over wide frequency band. The resulting design would be a fully self-integrated and extremely compact module that is easily scalable and could readily be integrated in a number of AUV's, UUVs, gliders, surface combatants or submarines. Similarly, the self-contained unit will permit integration as an enclosure on the outside of a surface ship or underwater vessel with a minimum number of hull penetrations.

TECHNO-SCIENCES, INC. 11750 Beltsville Drive3rd Floor Beltsville, MD 20705
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 790-0591 Dr. Gang Wang NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Naval Device Applications of Relaxor Piezoelectric Single Crystals
Abstract:	Techno-Sciences, Inc. (TSi), in collaboration with TRS Technologies, Inc. (TRS), and the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Maryland (UMD), proposes to develop an innovative Vibration Based Energy Harvesting (VBEH) Technology using single crystal PMN material. Single crystal PMN materials will be used to convert mechanical deformation into electrical energy and interface with a battery element via appropriate circuitry with the ultimate aim to power electronic devices. The energy harvester will be tuned to expected vibration spectrum of the substructure and small vibrations can be amplified by resonance tuning to achieve large energy extraction capabilities. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first attempt towards developing a vibration based energy harvester by exploiting superior performance characteristics of new single crystal ferroelectric material, PMN. Our goal is to provide sufficient energy to power naval sensor and small electronic systems.

TRS CERAMICS, INC. 2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 238-7485 Dr. Kevin Snook NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Low Cost Crystal Transducer Elements for the Next Generation Counter Measure
Abstract:	For this Phase I SBIR program, TRS Technologies and Ultra Electronics Ocean Systems (UEOS) will develop tangentially poled single crystal ring transducers for the Next Generation Countermeasure (NGCM), a compact, submarine-launched, smart countermeasure designed to decoy acoustic homing torpedoes. The improved material properties of single crystal enable the design of a small but capable transducer providing significant savings in size, weight and power that will enable the insertion of key technologies/capabilities for the NGCM. To date, crystal transducers for the NGCM have been constructed from segmented rings which are labor intensive and expensive to fabricate. TRS and UEOS will develop tangentially poled ring transducers to greatly simplify the construction and lower the cost of NGCM broadband transducers. The rings will be specially designed through choice of proper aspect ratio and electrode placement to have uniform properties around their circumference. Simplified transducer fabrication will result in a 2.5X lower cost compared to segmented rings with no reduction in performance. During the Phase I program the ring transducers will be characterized for in-water acoustic source level, bandwidth, and beam pattern. In Phase II TRS will optimize and scale-up transducer fabrication and UEOS will integrate the transducers into the NGCM electro-acoustic module.

TRS CERAMICS, INC. 2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 238-7485 Dr. Kevin Snook NAVY 07-076 Selected for Award
Title:	Submarine Launched Acoustic Communication Buoy using Single Crystal Sonar
Abstract:	For this Phase I SBIR program TRS Technologies and Ultra Electronics Ocean Systems (UEOS) will develop 3" diameter single crystal segmented ring transducers for an Acoustic Communications (ACOMMS) buoy with both gateway data transmission and long range tactical paging capability. The buoy will be sized for launch from the submarine signal ejector (SSE). The use of underwater ACOMMS has been limited by the deficiencies of conventional ceramic based sonar transducers in terms of data rate, range, and device size. With conventional ceramic, gateway data transmission transducers require high frequencies and broad bandwidth to achieve high data rates; however, use of high frequencies limits the transmission range. Tactical pagers require long ranges and therefore low frequencies, leading to large device sizes. TRS and UEOS will address this problem by developing a single, very broadband (2 octave) crystal transducer with high source level for long range paging and high data rate gateway functions in one compact device. TRS will optimize crystal segment aspect ratio and orientation to maximize transducer bandwidth. UEOS will test the transducer in water. In Phase II, transducers will be integrated into an SSE compatible buoy design supplying the Navy with a capability it does not currently have.

TRS CERAMICS, INC. 2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 238-7485 Dr. Kevin A. Snook NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Single Crystal 1-3 Composite Projectors for MCM Applications
Abstract:	Current piezoelectric ceramic composites used for mid-range (100-200 kHz) for ASW and MCM applications have a number of drawbacks including size, bandwidth, and stress rods. Single crystal PMN-PT has an inherently higher stress limit than ceramics, though until recently techniques of dicing the material did not allow this limit to be reached. With new techniques, dynamic stresses of 50 MPa are possible, potentially providing up to 14 dB higher source level than PZT with a much wider bandwidth. The higher stress limit could also eliminate the necessity of the stress rod, simplifying fabrication and cost. TRS and Penn State ARL will design and fabricate a composite PMN-PT single crystal, and test it under both low and high field conditions.

TRS CERAMICS, INC. 2820 East College Avenue State College, PA 16801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(814) 238-7485 Dr. Kevin Snook NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 23APR07
Title:	Broadband Volume Search Sonar for Towed Mine Hunting Devices
Abstract:	TRS Technologies, Inc. and Raytheon propose to develop broadband, low voltage sonar projector elements for mine hunting systems using relaxor ferroelectric single crystals. Specifically, we will develop crystal tonpilz elements for the side-scan, volume search sonar array on the AN/AQS-20 towed mine hunting system. These elements will be designed to have crystal drive sections with high aspect ratio by using very stiff carbide head masses thus resulting in coupling coefficient and bandwidth near the theoretical maximum. We will also exploit the very high mechanical strength of zero surface defect crystals to fabricate minimally prestressed transducer elements for improved stability, reduced loss, and reduced weight. The primary goals of the program will be to use crystals to reduce the AN/AQS-20 side scan volume search sonar driving voltage by a factor of 2 and to increase the sonar's bandwidth to > 100%. In the Phase II program TRS and Raytheon will develop a full scale volume search array for the AN/AQS-20. Ultimately single crystal piezoelectrics are expected to enable greatly expanded search ranges, mission times, and mine classification abilities for a broad range of Navy mine hunting systems without increasing and perhaps even decreasing system cost.

WEIDLINGER ASSOC., INC. 375 Hudson St FL 12 New York, NY 10014
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 230-0343 Dr. Paul Reynolds NAVY 07-076 Awarded: 14MAY07
Title:	Piezoelectric Single Crystal Stacks for Improved Fuel Injector Performance
Abstract:	Engine performance and fuel consumption in the Navy's surface ships, submersibles, and aircraft are a significant concern from both an operations and logistics viewpoint. Higher fuel efficiency leads to longer times between resupply or lower operating costs, while increased performance is always desired during combat operations. We propose the use of single crystal piezoelectric materials to enhance the performance of a critical aspect of combustion engine technology, the electronic fuel injector, to improve both performance and efficiency. By replacing the existing piezoceramic driving technology with piezoelectric single crystals we will improve the three critical requirements for fuel injector actuators: stroke, force output, and bandwidth. This can be achieved in a component of identical size, or smaller than, existing driving stacks, and may allow for the omission of displacement amplification systems resulting in smaller, less expensive fuel injectors. The higher performance of the fuel injectors will allow for more precise control of engine performance, allowing the Navy to choose between higher power, greater fuel efficiency, or lower emissions from their engines.

COHERENT LOGIX, INC. 1120 South Capital of Texas HighwayBuilding 3, Suite 310 Austin, TX 78746
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 382-8947 Mr. Michael B. Doerr NAVY 07-077 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Secure Embedded Software Radio (SESR)
Abstract:	Coherent Logix, Incorporated (CLX) proposes the Secure Embedded Software Radio (SESR) program to facilitate the development of a SDR development kit based on the Hyper64 processor with an accompanying software development flow to support rapid development and fielding of this technology to the Warfighter. The HyperX Technology is viewed by JPEO JTRS HMS as a risk reduction technology that is slated for insertion into the JTRS HMS SDR program of record upon successful demonstration. It will simultaneously enable order of magnitude improvement in power savings while reducing chipset count, thus size and weight of the radio. The HyperX processor technology is fully programmable and reconfigurable on the fly and is supported by industry standards based [hardware agnostic software development flow and] programming model using ANSI-C and MPI (message passing interface) API. This provides reduced life-cycle costs and future proofing of hardware through fully portable software code. The Hyper64, first in a family of HyperX based chip products, will be available COTS in the second quarter of 2007. This effort capitalizes on the investments made by DARPA; U.S. Army ARDEC and ARL; AFRL Sensors, Space Vehicles Directorate, and Information Directorate; and JPEO/PM JTRS HMS under the DARPA ECHiPPS Program.

NAVSYS CORP. 14960 Woodcarver Road Colorado Springs, CO 80921
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 481-4877 Dr. Alison Brown NAVY 07-077 Awarded: 26APR07
Title:	Embeddable Software Programmable Radio
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to produce a chipset, composed of commercially available components, which can take advantage of the JTRS software communications architecture (SCA) and software waveform library. Because of the need for this device to operate at both unclassified and SECRET classification levels on a single processor, with a single operating system, a major focus of this effort will be to devise verifiable partitioning methods to prevent intermingling of differently classified information. NAVSYS has proposed a design for a Mini-SDR that uses COTS components and a partitioned design to significantly reduce the numbers of component needed to perform the red, black and crypto processing required for running a JTRS waveform. Under Phase I we propose to develop the Mini-SDR design and work with NSA to evaluate the security architecture against the Uniform Infosec Criteria. The Phase I design will result in a proposed Phase II effort to build a compact software programmable military radio chipset that is capable of being embedded in unitary computing, display and position location devices envisioned for future Marine Corps ground forces. We will provide supporting material for the design to predict the size, weight, cost and power of this embedded SDR solution.

WILLIAMS-PYRO, INC. 200 Greenleaf St. Fort Worth, TX 76107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(817) 872-1500 Ms. Nithya Ramaswami NAVY 07-077 Awarded: 08MAY07
Title:	Embeddable Software Programmable Radio
Abstract:	The Navy needs a compact, software-programmable military radio developed that is capable of being embedded in unitary computing, display, and position location devices envisioned for future Marine Corps ground forces; taking into account classified and unclassified information handling within the embedded radio and within the framework of the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) software communications architecture. To reduce the size, weight, power, and cost of software-programmable radios and to provide enhanced security for the Navy and Marine Corps, Williams-Pyro, Inc. proposes to develop the Embeddable, Miniature, Programmable, Robust, and Secure or EMPRS radio-a software-programmable military radio with efficient security architecture that takes advantage of the JTRS SCA software waveform library and prior development. EMPRS supports multiple waveforms through software reconfiguration/programming; uses a single processor to handle both classified and unclassified data; and interfaces with RF front-end(s) operating from 2 MHz to 2 GHz. The EMPRS radio integrates the elements of a software-programmable radio in a single System-on-a-Chip (SoC) package for optimum miniaturization. Our solution also meets the need for operating future small unit devices at both unclassified and classified levels on a single processor with a single Operating System (OS).

DESIGN INTERACTIVE, INC. 1221 E. Broadway, Suite 110 Oviedo, FL 32765
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 706-0977 Dr. Kelly Hale NAVY 07-078 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Incorporating Affective Stressors in Virtual Training Environments
Abstract:	Virtual environment (VE) technology is one training method designed to promote effective information transfer to the real world. The goal of many VE trainers is improved cognitive and/or psychomotor performance. While both cognitive and psychomotor behaviors are important to task learning and performance, Bloom identified an additional behavior in his Taxonomy of Learning: affective behaviors. The study and understanding of affect in any VE training system is important to optimize learning and training transfer. Past work suggests that incorporating affect in VEs is challenging, as affective responses are not always experienced in VEs regardless of visual fidelity and large individual differences in affective responses have been reported. To address current limitations in creating an affectively appropriate VE training system, this proposal outlines development of the Affective Virtual Environment Training System (A-VETS) framework for introducing affect into VE training systems. A-VETS includes an architecture for determining trainee context, instructional context, desired approaches for creating immersion, and a set of strategies for aligning these contexts into one cohesive training environment designed to optimize learning and training transfer. By identifying how affective cues impact learning, designers can incorporate appropriate affective cues into training VEs to increase the effectiveness of VE training, particularly for high stress military environments.

VRSONIC, INC. 2533 Wilson BLvd. Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 248-3200 Dr. Hesham Fouad NAVY 07-078 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	A Framework for Incorporating Affective Learning in Virtual Training Environments
Abstract:	The effectiveness of current Virtual Environment training systems can be greatly enhanced by integrating affective components into those systems. In the proposed effort, a theoretical model that we developed for utilizing auditory feedback to modify the user's affective state will be expanded upon to include visual and haptic modalities. This will provide a foundation for incorporating affective components into training systems. Next a pragmatic analysis of existing affective state assessment approaches will be carried out in order to select approaches that are suitable for use in deployable systems. Current systems do not encode training instructional context so, in effect, they operate without a lesson plan. As part of this effort we will devise a scheme for encoding instructional context so that training outcomes as well as expected affective states for each state of learning can be specified in training systems. Finally, a specification will be developed for a prototype system that capitalizes on an existing training simulation framework that we have been developing for a number of years and is currently used in deployed and commercial systems. This approach will minimize risk and development time and will greatly enhance the commercialization potential of this technology.

ARETE ASSOC. P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 413-0290 Mr. Guy J Farruggia NAVY 07-079 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	An Expendable, Multi-Spectral, Surfzone, Optical Measurements System
Abstract:	Aret� Associates' is proposing to develop a hyper-spectral, IOP sensor system that can be deployed by a variety of means in the surfzones of forward areas. It will measure, record and report IOPs that are vital to naval MCM operations. The sensor system will be inexpensive enough to be expendable, but survivable enough to be deployed for a period of up to a few days without failure. Communications between sensors and their base station will be via satellite link. Sensor locations in moored or UUV-borne applications will be determined by outfitting the communications modules with GPS. If deployed on a drifting body the sensor will continuously report its data. Our method is to develop a compact IOP sensor designed around the novel concept of a hyper-spectral modulation transfer radiometer. This instrument will measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) through a volume of water. The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a measure of how light is scattered and absorbed while propagating through an optical system. The scattering and attenuation coefficients will be directly calculated from the MTF data. Hyper-spectral backscatter and source normalization data will also be collected.

WESTERN ENVIRONMENTAL TECH. LABORATORIES, INC. 620 Applegate St.PO Box 518 Philomath, OR 97370
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(401) 783-1787 Dr. Michael Twardowski NAVY 07-079 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Surfzone Water Properties Sensor
Abstract:	The objective of the proposed work is to design, fabricate and test inexpensive (nominally expendable) water property measurement systems (SWANs) to provide environmental optical parameters in the surfzone that are critical for MCM operations. Work will build on recent technological advances, including recent development of attenuation, scattering, and backscattering sensors for AUVs and other compact platforms. A SWAN (Surfzone Water Attenuation Node) will have a newly designed sensor (the BAM3) measuring multi-spectral attenuation, c, at 470, 532, and 660 nm, as well as GPS and RF communications. SWANs will be able to operate as drifters or as moored packages and will be capable of intelligent networking. A goal is to achieve a cost factor of $1K for the BAM3 and $2K for the SWAN. A SWAN-x version will also be developed that will additionally have recently developed sensors measuring total scattering (AUV-B) and multi-wavelength backscattering (ECO-BB3), thus providing the IOPs attenuation, scattering, absorption, and backscattering.

21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 4515 Seton Center ParkwaySuite 320 Austin, TX 78759
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(512) 342-0010 Dr. Tim Darr NAVY 07-080 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	SENTRY : IED COUNTERMEASURE SIMULATION & PREDICTION TOOL
Abstract:	According to the Iraq Study Group, US Forces must continue to support Iraq to prevent the government from falling and being influenced by neighboring countries (Syria and Iran) and to prevent a propaganda coupe for Al Qaeda and the spread of radical Islam. Our soldiers, marines, and sailors are regularly subject to IED attacks by Shi'a militia, Sunni insurgents, and Al Qaeda. Improvised explosive devices (IED) are the weapon of choice for such adversaries, because they require a relatively small investment in proportion to their lethality. As each successive generation of device increases in lethality, as techniques for emplacements evolve, and as organizational and financial structures for IED attacks harden, prevention of IED attacks requires increasingly sophisticated U.S. countermeasures, To meet this need, 21st Century Technologies (21CT) proposes SENTRY, an application for modeling, simulation, and counter-measure strategy generation to target and disrupt asymmetric threat networks that plan and execute IED attacks.

DECISIVE ANALYTICS CORP. 1235 South Clark StreetSuite 400 Arlington, VA 22202
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 414-5002 Dr. James Nolan NAVY 07-080 Awarded: 25APR07
Title:	PICASA: Predictive IED Combinatorial Analysis and Simulation of Adversaries
Abstract:	Attacks using Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) are the leading cause of U.S. combat deaths and injuries in Iraq. Despite our efforts, the enemy has proven adaptable to our tactics, techniques, and procedures to stop, negate, or minimize the damage of the blast. To overcome this problem we must move up higher in the kill chain and disrupt these terrorist cells at their source. The Decisive Analytics Corporation (DAC) Team proposes an approach termed Predictive IED Combinatorial Analysis and Simulation of Adversaries (PICASA). The PICASA approach starts at the cultural and sociological level by developing models of terrorism activity through the guidance of terrorism expert Dr. Marc Sageman. DAC's advanced data mining, social networking, and predictive analysis tools use these models to then move higher up the kill chain. PICASA provides the capability to ingest disparate data sources of intelligence data (including IED activity), identify key actors and organizations, and predict and evaluate possible coalitions of social networks. Our advanced algorithms developed under this effort will be immediately tested on live data from the theater through DAC's Agent-based Intelligence Services (AIS) - a tool that is in the hands of the Warfighter and is performing predictive analysis on Iraq data today.

SET ASSOC. CORP. 1005 N. Glebe Rd.Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 965-9966 Dr. Qinfen Zheng NAVY 07-080 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	Video Based Activity Modeling for IED Countermeasures
Abstract:	SET Corporation, a small R&D company founded by researchers from DARPA, proposes to develop and deploy a system that can provide real-time track data on every vehicle that moves within the large area of coverage of airborne, large format, persistent sensors. SET will show how the vehicle trajectories computed by the system can be used to establish models of normal vehicular traffic, identify anomalous behaviors, correlate seemingly unrelated vehicles, and use this data to predict future events by identifying similar patterns of movements elsewhere in the imagery.

SOAR TECHNOLOGY, INC. 3600 Green Court Suite 600 Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 327-8000 Mr. Jacob Crossman NAVY 07-080 Awarded: 16APR07
Title:	Detecting Enemy Forces United to Strike with Explosives (DEFUSE)
Abstract:	Soar Technology proposes to develop the Detecting Enemy Forces United to Strike with Explosives (DEFUSE) system to help address the constantly evolving IED threat at points before the IED blast. DEFUSE leverages the DARPA RAID Adversarial Reasoning Module (ARM) technology, which has been tested successfully in DARPA gate experiments over the past 2 years and is currently going through transition evaluation processes via the Joint IED Defeat Office (JIEDDO). The ARM predicts the locations, frequency, and types of IEDs (and more) based on a combination of symbolic tactical reasoning, probabilistic Bayesian reasoning, and a swarming simulation that considers many thousands of possible interactions and futures, including those involving US force activity. We propose to add to the ARM a dynamic network analysis layer (DNAL) to model activities and relationships earlier in the IED lifecycle than placement and explosion. The DEFUSE output will be a unique view of the battlefield that combines strategic and tactical views predicting (1) possible IED attacks, (2) what technologies and tactics will be employed by which factions over time, and (3) how faction structure and relationships will change due to changing technologies.

ALTEX TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 244 Sobrante Way Sunnyvale, CA 94086
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 328-8302 Dr. John T. Kelly NAVY 07-081 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Lightweight and Compact Transient Electric Power Response Enhancement Concept
Abstract:	Airborne electric power needs are becoming substantial, versus airframe propulsion power. Also, these electric power needs are applied in very short timescales that are not compatible with conventional gas turbine engine response capabilities. For these cases, the engine output and electric power quality are both degraded. A compact and lightweight means of improving the engine response to these transients is needed. Altex has identified a compact and lightweight engine modification that can address engine transient loads that are applied in less than 0.1 seconds. The approach is general and can apply to both military and civilian gas turbine engines. Preliminary analysis shows that the concept has potential. Under the proposed effort, the concept will be incorporated into a time dependent engine model, to assess performance of the concept under Navy specified load transients. In addition, brief tests of a key concept component will be carried out to support feasibility. Lastly, the performance and cost benefits of the concept will be quantified, and the advantages of the concept over alternatives will be determined.

P.C. KRAUSE & ASSOC., INC. 3016 Covington Street West Lafayette, IN 47906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(765) 464-8997 Dr. Eric Walters NAVY 07-081 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Transient Electrical Power Response Enhancement for Turbine Driven Generators
Abstract:	Airborne electrical power requirements are increasing significantly to support Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) sensors, electronic attack suites, and directed energy weapons for military applications. When the electric generator is directly coupled to the propulsion engine, relatively large electric torque transients are often introduced with dynamics faster than previously handled by the engine control system. These transients may have serious implications with regard to stall margins, mechanical stress, speed regulation, and available thrust. To address challenges posed by such transients, PCKA will partner with Rolls-Royce Corporation (RRC) to develop novel architectures and system control strategies to maximize transient turbine engine performance of a high mach missile system. In the proposed Phase I effort, PCKA will collaborate with ONR, AFRL, and RRC to define such architectures along with representative operational profiles. PCKA will create dynamic system models to simulate and analyze the resulting architectures. Simulation results will be used to optimize system controls to maximize transient performance capabilities of the turbine engine. If successful, Phase II efforts will refine MS&A results and support a hardware demonstration of the most promising approaches. If successful, developed technologies will ultimately transition to DoD programs under a Phase III contract.

COMBUSTION RESEARCH & FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC. 6210 Keller's Church Road Pipersville, PA 18947
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 766-1520 Dr. Srinivasan Arunajatesan NAVY 07-082 Selected for Award
Title:	Energetic Secondary Fuel Injection for Propulsion System Performance Improvement
Abstract:	This program will develop the technology needed to design active combustion control (ACC) techniques using energetic secondary fuel injection concepts. We will use the ACC experiments of Yu (UMD) and the energetic fuel research of Yetter (PSU) as stepping-stones. CRAFT Tech will assess and validate their hybrid RANS/LES methodology (previously used to design active control systems for weapons bays with microjet actuation) using datasets of Yu. Initial work will focus on analyzing a rearward facing step dump combustor with secondary nano-Al injection. The CFD code to be used has a detailed nano-Al combustion model based on collaborative work with Yetter for secondary nano-Al injection into scramjet combustors. Pulsed injection modeling work will make use of Yu's data for an axisymmetric ramjet combustor with a pulsed fuel injection system. Yu and Yetter will serve as consultants on this effort. Yu will formulate a Phase II test plan based on use of existing hardware to evaluate improved ACC concepts, and, to directly support the validation of a CFD code configured to directly support ACC concept design. Yetter will examine the applicability of several energetic fuels that show promise for secondary injection for ACC applications, to be tested in Phase II.

EERGC CORP. 18A Mason Irvine, CA 92618
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 768-3756 Mr. Mark Sheldon NAVY 07-082 Awarded: 14MAY07
Title:	Pulsed Injection of Enhanced Energetic Fuels for Performance Optimization
Abstract:	Combustion instability can adversely affect propulsion system performance, generate noise and vibration, and shorten hardware life. Its control represents an ongoing challenge in combustion system design. EERGC Corporation, in cooperation with subcontractors Energy Research Consultants (ERC), and Northrop Grumman (NG), proposes to reduce combustion instability and enhance performance of chemical propulsion systems by controlled pulsed injection of a gelled liquid secondary fuel loaded with energetic solids. The fuel will be delivered into a combustor via pulsed injection at quantities sufficient to assert control authority, and the pulsing will be optimized with respect to the phase and frequency of natural combustor oscillations to minimize their amplitude and/or enhance combustor performance. This work builds upon prior EERGC work in intelligent pulsed combustion control; by EERGC in collaboration with NG, developing gelled fuel formulations loaded with energetic solids. It represents an innovative fusion of these different technical endeavors and forwards the state of the art in both. The Phase I program will provide proof-of-concept by developing a suitable stable energetic gelled fuel, showing that it can be atomized without clogging the injectors and can be reliably and controllably pulsed, and providing a laboratory demonstration that fuel pulsing can affect combustion instability.

HITTITE MICROWAVE CORP. 20 Alpha Road Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 590-1112 Mr. Christopher Hay NAVY 07-083 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	Low-Cost, Highly Efficient, Digitally Beam Formed, X-Band Transmit ESA for Radar (9735)
Abstract:	Hittite proposes to develop a low-cost, digitally programmable waveform distribution and beamforming architecture for transmit electronically scanned arrays (ESAs). A four-element Digital Sub-Array (DSA) will serve has the basic building block to construct large (1,000 to 10,000+ element) arrays. High efficiency will be achieved using switched-mode power amplifier (PA) techniques. Digital transmit data will be distributed and true-time-delayed directly at the X-band (nominally 10 GHz) transmit frequency, eliminating the need for upconversion, minimizing part count, power consumption, and cost. Each element will radiate 3.2 W with a PA power-added efficiency of 70%. Notionally, 16 DSAs (64 elements) will be assembled to form a Tile, and 16 Tiles (1,024 elements) will be assembled into Panels. Large ESAs will be assembled from one or more Panels. For illustrative purposes, a single-Panel ESA (1,024 elements) would radiate nearly 3.3 kW (70.2 dBW EIRP) with a 3.17�X beamwidth. A nine-panel square ESA (9,216 elements) would radiate 29.5 kW (89.3 dBW EIRP) with a 1.06�X beamwidth. The DSA will enable scan angles up to ,b70,a. With the exception of the GaN PA, all active circuitry will be realized in IBM's 8HP SiGe BiCMOS process via DoD's ITAR-compliant, Trusted Foundry contract. The Phase I effort will result in the preliminary design of a Digital Sub-Array (DSA) with which to build X-band ESAs for radar. Critical technology will be developed and demonstrated in Phase II leading to the complete antenna system development in Phase III. In a complementary effort, true-time-delay, digital beamforming receive circuitry can be developed directly at X-Band to provide a complete transmit/receive DSA.

TIALINX, INC. 8 Halley Irvine, CA 92603
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(949) 285-6255 Dr. Fred Mohamadi NAVY 07-083 Awarded: 17MAY07
Title:	Affordable Signal Distribution, Beamforming and Drivers for Highly Efficient Switched-Mode Amplifiers in Electronically Scanned Transmit Arrays
Abstract:	In response to this SBIR phase I solicitation, TiaLinx proposes innovative solutions to signal distribution, beamforming and driver circuitry that optimizes the use of switched-mode amplifiers, from an array system perspective. The focus of the phase I effort is to perform a rigorous investigation into architectures, methodology, and technology that includes both analysis and proof of principal using various Switched-mode Power Amplifier designs and implementations.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun DriveSuite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5242 Dr. Roger Xu NAVY 07-084 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	A Novel Reconfigurable Distributed Anomaly Detection Framework
Abstract:	Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI) proposes to develop a novel, distributed framework for the detection of faults and anomalies. The proposed framework is based on dynamic, reconfigurable agents and is capable of automatically representing and managing disparate data sources. Meanwhile, efficient processing requires automatic selection and extraction of features from different data sources for fault or anomaly detection. In our approach, advanced feature-selection techniques are employed to enhance the anomaly detection performance. Finally, since there are many techniques for fault or anomaly detection and each has different data requirements and a different chance of success, including physical model-based methods, rule-based methods, and data-driven methods, we know that these methods need to be integrated. Our distributed approach is open and flexible to accommodate any of these methods as agents, and a decision level fusion technique is proposed for pooling/aggregating detection decisions made by these detection agents. A promising information fusion method called transferable belief model (TBM) is proposed as the core fusion technology in this proposal to achieve more reliable and accurate fault/anomaly detection.

LATENT KNOWLEDGE 9865 Caminito Cuadro San Diego, CA 92129
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 337-5948 Mr. David Sevier NAVY 07-084 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	Dynamically Reconfigurable Data Architectures for Aircraft Data Analysis and Anomaly Detection
Abstract:	The focus of this SBIR is to create a new data architecture that will allow for ease of reconfiguration and analysis of disparate data sources. For Phase I Latent Knowledge will explore the feasibility of creating this architecture using an experimental artificial intelligence system designed around a conceptual model of the human brain. This system should be able to be used as a simple extension of existing analytical database systems. It will support the analysis of multiple systems through data fusion and data mining.

REFERENTIA SYSTEMS, INC. 550 Paiea StreetSuite #236 Honolulu, HI 96819
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(808) 423-1900 Mr. Matthew Shawver NAVY 07-084 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	Dynamically Reconfigurable Data Architectures for Aircraft Data Analysis and Anomaly Detection
Abstract:	In the field of aircraft health management, the integration and availability of historical data from multiple data sources is necessary for diagnostic and prognostic algorithms to realize their full potential. Especially important is the integration of historical in-flight operational data with ground-based maintenance data. Effectively integrating these data sources is difficult because key ground based maintenance fields are commonly entered in the form of natural language text rather than in a controlled vocabulary. Furthermore, with the ever increasing number of in-flight parameters available, selection of informative parameters for data mining is a time consuming, iterative process that requires domain knowledge. To address these difficulties in developing aircraft health management algorithms, Referentia Systems, Inc proposes to develop interactive software tools to mitigate these challenges. One software tool will perform information extraction from maintenance logs using a customized vocabulary. The structured results will then be integrated into a larger data warehouse. The second tool will enable interactive GUI-based development and execution of preprocessing and data mining algorithms for in-flight data. Results from each of these tools will be integrated into an existing dynamically reconfigurable health management data warehouse.

MAYACHITRA, INC. 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 299 Santa Barbara, CA 93111
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 967-9828 Dr. Kaushal Solanki NAVY 07-085 Selected for Award
Title:	Automatic scene understanding and generation of textual descriptions
Abstract:	We address an important yet challenging image processing problem: automatic scene understanding and generating textual description. Answers to the following two questions would be needed to provide a good semantic description of a scene: (i) What objects are present in the scene? (ii) Where are they located in the scene with respect to each other? The answer to what is defined by nouns in a language, and where is defined by prepositions. We present a novel semi-automated method to provide labels to the image regions, thus providing answers to what. This approach uses low-level visual features and clustering techniques to assist a human in quickly training a labeling system. Note that this is an offline system; no human intervention would be required at the time of actual operation of the system. In order to define where the objects are with respect to each other, we plan to create grammar rules for the particular prepositions of interest, which would establish context-based relationship between regions of the image. The region attributes and their relationships are then used to make higher level semantic interpretations about the scene followed by generating textual descriptions.

OBJECTVIDEO 11600 Sunrise Valley DriveSuite # 290 Reston, VA 20191
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 654-9300 Dr. Mun Wai Lee NAVY 07-085 Selected for Award
Title:	Context-sensitive Content Extraction and Scene Understanding
Abstract:	Over the last few decades, progress toward automatic video understanding was almost exclusively due to improvements in bottom-up image and video analysis. As was the case with the initial top-down approaches, pure bottom-up approaches have run into fundamental limits. This proposal expands on recent advances in top-down/bottom-up information fusion to exploit syntactic and semantic information inherent in both approaches. Bottom-up information describes scene elements, moving objects and their interactions. Top-down information encapsulates object- and domain-specific information. Top-down information will be represented using stochastic attribute grammars. Grammars, studied mostly in language, are known for their expressive power. Transferring the idea of a grammar from language to vision, ObjectVideo proposes to define a visual vocabulary from pixels, primitives, parts, objects and scenes, and also specify their spatio-temporal or compositional relations. A stochastic bottom-up/top-down inference strategy will use this representation for efficient and accurate content extraction. The detailed representation will be used to automatically annotate imagery specifying its content and context. At the completion of Phase I, ObjectVideo will demonstrate a proof of concept system for syntactic, semantic and conceptual content extraction from maritime and urban imagery.

AERIUS PHOTONICS, LLC. 4160 Market St., Suite 6 Ventura, CA 93003
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 642-4645 Dr. Michael MacDougal NAVY 07-086 Selected for Award
Title:	Embedded Metal Nanoparticles for Efficient Thermoelectric Power Generation
Abstract:	Aerius Photonics proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of high output power thick film generator modules using nanoparticle-embedded materials that are amenable to production using bulk crystal-growth methods. These nanoparticles provide benefits similar to superlattices, such as increasing the Seebeck coefficient and decreasing the thermal conductivity, but with the major advantage being that they are transferrable to bulk crystal growth. Aerius Photonics proposes to make thermoelectric power generators using hybrid elements of two materials, one of which is the nanoparticle embedded material and the other being a conventional thermoelectric material, Bi2Te3 . The combination of the two materials provides the superior performance at room temperature of Bi2Te3 with the superior performance at high temperature of the nanoparticle embedded material. Using bulk materials allows the stack to take full advantage of the temperature drop across the module and combine to make a cost-effective, high efficiency module.

NEXTREME THERMAL SOLUTIONS, INC. 3040 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Pa, NC 27613
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(919) 541-6400 Dr. Tom Schneider NAVY 07-086 Selected for Award
Title:	High-Efficiency Thermoelectric Generator
Abstract:	There have been several reports [1, 2, 3] of enhanced ZT at various temperature regimes using superlattice, quantum-dots, and nano-crystalline inclusions, respectively. In combination with semiconductor technology tools for device fabrication, these materials offer unprecedented advantages such as high cooling power density and high-speed cooling/heating in thermal management and high specific power in direct thermal-to-electric power conversion systems. In particular, the thin-film superlattice structures in the p-type Bi2Te3 / Sb2Te3 system has indicated a figure of merit (ZT) of 2.4 near 300K at RTI [1]. While these Bi2Te3-based superlattices are useable in power conversion applications, using small temperature differentials between 300K to 450K, PbTe-based materials are likely to offer a more attractive band gap for power conversion up to 700K as outlined in the announcement N07-086. Thus the development of PbTe-based superlattice would enable the availability of nanoscale materials in the temperature range of 300K to 700K. While PbTe-based quantum-dot superlattice grown by MBE has shown potential ZT of 1.6 at 300K [2] and as high as 3 at higher temperature, it would be advantageous for a lower cost growth method to be employed that would also enable thicker films on the order of 100�Ym. Nextreme Thermal Solutions, Inc. along with RTI International has developed a simple evaporation method for depositing superlattice films consisting of PbTe and PbTe0.75Se0.25 layers [4]. However, consistently growing thick films on the order of 100�Ym that maintained the ZT enhancing nanostructure would be a daunting task. An alternative method to reach these thicknesses that could adjoin films together to form a larger bulk material needs to be developed. The use of a compaction process to take thin-film materials and obtain nano-structured bulk materials is proposed.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill StreetSuite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 842-1548 Dr. Yuri Levchuk NAVY 07-087 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Cultural Agent Model to Predict in Habitant Opinion Reactions (CAMPHOR)
Abstract:	One of the strategic goals for the United States armed forces is to win over the hearts and minds of the population in a military theater of operations. Special Operations Forces (SOF) perform missions in part to help win this battle for hearts and minds. In order to be more effective in attaining this goal, SOF team leaders need easy and rapid access to accurate, timely, and detailed intelligence about the effect of mission actions on the opinions of the local population. Aptima will improve the ability of intelligence officers to support SOF team leaders by providing an accurate and robust computer simulation of cultural dynamics that estimates the effect of SOF actions on local opinion. Social identity theory, theories from cognitive and social psychology, and theories related to social network analysis will inform the structure of the model. A data architecture will help users to populate the model even without complete, high-quality data. Experimentation and sensitivity testing will allow users to gain accurate insights when there is uncertainty in the data. With both model and data architecture, intelligence officers will be able to efficiently and effectively support SOF operations in pre-deployment, during mission planning, and in the field.

PACIFIC SCIENCE & ENGINEERING GROUP, INC. 9180 Brown Deer Road San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 535-1661 Dr. Holly A.H. Handley NAVY 07-087 Awarded: 13APR07
Title:	Computational Models for Effects-based Operations in Special Forces Teams: Tool for Effects-based Allocation Modeling (TEAM)
Abstract:	Pacific Science & Engineering Group (PSE) proposes the Tool for Effects-Based Allocation Modeling (TEAM) to address the gap in determining the impact of unit assignment on task outcome effects. The goal of this system is to inform planners on how to shape the operational courses of action (COAs) through unit assignment to better meet the mission objectives. TEAM will follow a two-step process to assign units to mission tasks and to assess the effect in the operational environment. The first step in the process will perform task-unit allocation based on an extended attribute set; not only the capability requirements of the task, but also attributes that characterize different outcomes of how the task is performed and perceived. The second step in the process will provide effects-based feedback to the COA development based on projected impacts of different unit assignments; the model will predict whether these parameters produce significant changes in performance in the operational environment and how these changes are predicted to be perceived by a local observer. The system links the characteristics of the assigned unit to the outcome effects of the operational tasks and will allow iteration between the two modules to complete effects-based planning.

COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, INC. 2600 Campus Drive, Suite D Lafayette, CO 80026
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 664-0394 Mr. Douglas Campbell NAVY 07-088 Selected for Award
Title:	Propulsor Blade Advanced Composite Materials
Abstract:	The U.S. Navy has significant interest in the development of composite materials which substantially improve the performance of composite propulsor blades. Improvements in erosion resistance (e.g., cavitation, rain, and sand) and impact durability are of particular interest. These improvements must be enabled without degrading other performance characteristics including vibration damping and mechanical properties. Furthermore, these performance improvements must come at a reduced cost including acquisition, fabrication, and maintenance. Composite Technology Development (CTD) proposes a multidisciplinary approach to develop and qualify new classes of composite materials for propulsor blades which possess significant erosion resistant and impact durable characteristics. These materials will be based on new and existing chemistries which have demonstrated significant promise in achieving the program's goals. CTD will work with key industry partners to demonstrate the material's applicability to propulsor blades by adopting an iterative design approach to be performed in tandem with the material development and evaluation efforts to produce a propulsor design incorporating the developed technology, which demonstrates significant performance improvements over existing propulsor blades.

KAZAK COMPOSITES, INC. 10F GIll Street Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 932-5667 Mr. Nate Gravelle NAVY 07-088 Awarded: 14MAY07
Title:	Low Cost, Impact Damage Resistant Polyurethane Matrix Blades
Abstract:	KaZaK Composites proposes to design and demonstrate low cost composite blades made with materials and processing technology already proven to resist impact, erosion and cavitation damage in Navy applications. While technology to be demonstrated by KaZaK will be generically applicable to all types of blades and propulsors, we propose to focus our initial investigation on the Lift Fan Paddles of the LCAC. These paddles, currently extruded aluminum, are subjected to extreme impact and sand abrasion conditions during operations, and represent a costly maintenance item for the Navy. KaZaK's proposed solution includes 1) Use of high strain-to-failure polyurethane as a matrix material, 2) Use of a macro-composite design to achieve an otherwise unobtainable combination of structural stiffness and damage resistance, and 3) Design for fabrication by cost-effective manufacturing methods such as pultrusion and VARTM to assure acquisition cost affordability. KaZaK has previously demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed material, configuration and manufacturing technology combination in several Navy-sponsored programs, and currently has products based on the same technology on active CVN sea trails. Phase I will include design, sample fabrication and testing of full scale LCAC lift fan blade prototypes to validate the mechanical, impact and abrasion resistance properties of candidate designs.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill StreetSuite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 842-1548 Dr. Emily Muthard Stelzer NAVY 07-089 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	CoVE: Collaborative Visualization Environment
Abstract:	Current and future operational environments are likely to be characterized by a range of missions in a variety of locations around the world. For all these operational environments there is a large volume of data collected via sensors, human input, simulations and models that need to be analyzed to support effective decision-making. However, the problem with all of this data is information overload. Hence, military decision makers need to be able to abstract data to amplify cognition via information visualization. This research will design and build new collaborative visualization tools and techniques to support real-time decision making for large datasets with different quality, pedigree, redundancy and uncertainty levels. The Collaborative Visualization Environment- CoVE - will be based on team collaboration theory, combined with an organizational model, to provide a wide variety of interactive chats, graphs and dashboards supported by innovative information sharing technology.

CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS, INC. 625 Mount Auburn Street Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 491-3474 Dr. Jonathan D. Pfautz NAVY 07-089 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	A System for Enabling Distributed Visualization and Collaboration (EDVAC)
Abstract:	Modern military operations rely on the ability of intelligence personnel to manage large volumes of dynamic information from heterogeneous sources. The intelligence process is necessarily a cooperative effort, and collaborative reasoning about that data and its visual representations must be efficient across display systems. One promising approach to improving the design of collaborative display systems is to exploit how operators use and share qualifiers of information, or meta-information. We propose to design and demonstrate a system for Enabling Distributed Visualization and Collaboration (EDVAC). Three core components characterize our approach. First, we will perform a cognitive task analysis on a specific scenario to develop a structured categorization of sources and types of information and meta-information, and identify difficulties in collaboration within modern DoD systems. Second, we will develop a system to augment incoming data with meta-information, create user-customized meta-information visualizations on collaborative displays, and provide analysts with interfaces to share meta-information visualizations. Third, we will design a methodology to assess the effectiveness of these techniques. We will leverage our team's expertise in the development of computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) systems and complex display systems to rapidly design the proposed system and develop novel collaborative visualization techniques.

DEAL CORP. 131 North Walnut Street Yellow Springs, OH 45387
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(937) 631-7919 Mr. Steven V Deal NAVY 07-089 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	A CommonSense Information Visualization for Distributed Collaborative Environments
Abstract:	Collaborative, analytic visualization has great potential for analyzing and integrating large, multi-source data sets, and enabling the joint application of expertise. Previous developments have focused on supporting technologies and methods such as novel displays, network architectures, and data processing schemes. As the literature points out, adoption of a systems approach that incorporates theories of reasoning, sense-making, cognition, and perception and examines other human systems integration impacts, such as the training required by visual analysts, is required to unlock the promised potential and achieve true collaboration. We will develop a prototype environment, "CommonSense," based on these theories, that supports distributed, collaborative, visually based work. CommonSense will be comprised of a shared visualization environment integrated with a suite of communication tools. Additionally, we will examine the supporting technologies and methods through the lens of user need. By doing so, the user becomes a much-needed integrating element to work being conducted in the field. The prototype environment, together with user-centered technology studies, will enable us to demonstrate the feasibility of an extensible, comprehensive systems methodology for development of other such environments.

MICHIGAN ENGINEERING SERVICES, LLC 2890 Carpenter Road, Suite 1900 Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 477-5710 Dr. Geng Zhang NAVY 07-091 Awarded: 31MAY07
Title:	Risk and Uncertainty Management for Multidisciplinary System Design and Optimization
Abstract:	Computational methods and simulation based methodologies can be combined for optimizing the design of undersea weapons with respect to cost and performance. Multiple engineering disciplines such as: warhead performance, structural-acoustics, sonar performance, guidance and control, electromagnetic and thermal analyses of the electric motor, computational fluid dynamics, and structural dynamics must be considered during undersea weapon design. Therefore an organized multi-disciplinary optimization (MDO) strategy must be employed for the design. Due to the large number of iterations required during a MDO process and in an effort to include high fidelity simulations in a MDO process, theories for developing metamodels have been established. In any optimal design the final system operates close to several of the constraints since the optimal point is driven against the active constraints by the optimization strategy. Deterministic optimization methods do not account for variability introduced due to manufacturing, material properties, and equipment performance, nor for uncertainties in the mission profile, human operators, the environment, and the simulation models themselves. The proposing firm (MES) will develop a network of probabilistic metamodels and incorporate them in a multi-disciplinary design optimization environment. The new developments will be demonstrated through a case study relevant to undersea weapon design. Existing MES products in MDO under uncertainty, and in time dependent metamodeling, will comprise the foundation of the proposed research, thus maximizing the impact of the sponsor's funding.

PHOENIX INTEGRATION 1715 Pratt DriveSuite 2000 Blacksburg, VA 24060
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 961-7215 Dr. Scott Ragon NAVY 07-091 Awarded: 31MAY07
Title:	Risk and Uncertainty Management for Multidisciplinary System Design and Optimization
Abstract:	Phoenix Integration proposes to develop a preliminary software framework for assessing and managing risk and uncertainty in engineering system design. If uncertainties can be taken into account and properly managed during the design process, the resulting systems will be safer, more reliable, and more robust. In this project, Phoenix Integration will work with the Applied Research Laboratory at Penn State University to demonstrate the technical and commercial feasibility of a new uncertainty management methodology. This methodology utilizes Monte Carlo simulation to assess the uncertainty of the system. A key element in the methodology is the use of metamodels to reduce the computational expense of the Monte Carlo analysis. The preliminary uncertainty management framework will feature an easy to use interface that will allow designers to build and execute subsystem and system simulation models. Using the graphical interface, users will be able to create and validate metamodels for any of the subsystem components. Designers will then be able to assign uncertainties to any of the system or subsystem inputs and perform a Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis of the system. Visualization and post-processing tools will allow designers to understand the results in real time and to interactively make design choices.

VANDERPLAATS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, INC. 1767 S 8th Street, Suite 200 Colorado Springs, CO 80906
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(719) 473-4611 Dr. Vladimir Balabanov NAVY 07-091 Awarded: 31MAY07
Title:	A Software Tool for Uncertainty Management in Multidisciplinary System Design and Optimization
Abstract:	The goal of this work is to create a software tool for uncertainty management in multidisciplinary design and optimization. Advanced optimization, metamodeling, and uncertainty estimation algorithms will be developed and integrated into this tool. Extensive and innovative visualization capabilities will be an integral part of the software. The key aspect of the proposal is a systematic creation of the methodology and the design tool from the ground up: - Relying on the best existing design practices so that the tool is readily accepted by designers in industry; - Investigating established methods in optimization, metamodeling, and uncertainty estimation, developing new ones to achieve the best accuracy, robustness, and efficiency for the whole design process; - Tight coupling of all the methods, which inevitably involves modification and customization of the methods to improve efficiency; - Integrating and developing visualization tools to assist designers in understanding complex MDO problems with uncertainty; - Assembling the methods into a final methodology and a software tool that are not limited by the dimensionality of the problem, particular field, industry, or discipline. This tool will be rigorously tested on various problems. The resulting software will be able to accommodate multiple analysis codes (structures, CFD, etc.) simultaneously.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Bruce R. Pilvelait, PhD NAVY 07-092 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	A Universal Tactical Cryocooler Drive
Abstract:	Superconducting MicroElectronic (SME) systems are becoming commonplace due to their substantial benefits in performance and cost when compared to traditional, semiconductor-based components. To achieve widespread adoption of SME systems, low-cost and rugged cryocoolers are needed. This need also includes universal drives which can be applied rapidly with minimal cost and technical risk. Creare proposes to develop a universal Tactical Cryocooler Drive (TCD). We will adapt our previously developed cryocooler and sensorless vacuum pump drives to minimize technical risk and accelerate development. Our TCD will provide dual, independent drives, which can be customized for each application with only software changes. We will continue our close collaboration with a well-respected provider of military electronic components to provide a small, vibration hardened, and low-cost package. In Phase I, we will demonstrate feasibility with a comprehensive design study and prototype demonstration. We will also establish performance metrics that can be used to evaluate feasibility during Phase II. During Phase II, we will produce a prototype with the form, fit, and function of the final product and demonstrate operation with environmental and vibration performance testing with a typical tactical cryocooler.

HYPRES., INC. 175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 592-1190 Dr. Masoud Radparvar NAVY 07-092 Selected for Award
Title:	Miniaturized, Efficient, Vibration Hardened Drive and Control Electronics For Compressors
Abstract:	Compact compressors have recently undergone remarkable progress in long life, mechanical efficiency, and vibration tolerance. Their control electronics require further improvement to match that progress. HYPRES, in collaboration with Lockheed Martin (LM), is developing a 4.5K 4-stage pulse tube cryocooler to be integrated with superconducting electronics for communications applications. We propose to develop a novel set of drive electronics with dual outputs and on-board calibration tools to continuously optimize the operation of the cryocooler. The electronics will be designed to work efficiently with the aforementioned pulse tube cryocooler expected to be operational at HYPRES by early 2007. The design will ensure that vibration is minimized and the power efficiency is significantly enhanced. Options such as switching power amplifiers possessing close to 100% efficiency, and drive technology such as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) will be considered during the Phase I project whose goal is a complete circuit architecture for the drive electronics as well as sensor and control circuitry for optimum operation of compressors. We will collaborate closely with LM and utilize their expertise in this effort. Phase II will produce a complete prototype ready for commercial manufacture.

ARETE ASSOC. P.O. Box 6024 Sherman Oaks, CA 91413
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 501-2880 Dr. Andrew Harey NAVY 07-093 Awarded: 15APR07
Title:	Littoral Environment Visualization Tool
Abstract:	The U.S. Navy would benefit greatly from a tool that could produce realistic scenes of the littoral environment based upon standard meteorological and oceanographic inputs in near real time; simulate a wide range of sensors aboard platforms above, below, or on the ocean surface; and allow the user to manipulate environmental inputs and immediately view their effects on the scene. The goal of this SBIR program is to develop a Littoral Environment Visualization Tool (LEVT) that provides all these capabilities. Arete's state-of-the-art software tools, already in widespread use across the film, video gaming, and advertising industries as well as in military applications, are capable of generating open ocean scenes of breathtaking realism. In this SBIR program, Arete will extend these capabilities to the littoral environment by simulating phenomena such as wave breaking and nonlinear wave propagation. These inherently nonlinear effects are difficult to compute in a near real time application. Arete is prepared to meet this challenge using an approach that balances the requirements for visual realism, interactivity, and near real time results.

SONALYSTS, INC. 215 Parkway NorthP.O. Box 280 Waterford, CT 06385
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 326-3616 Mr. Richard Swiontek NAVY 07-093 Awarded: 20APR07
Title:	Littoral Environment Visualization Tool
Abstract:	A tool does not currently exist that allows an individual to visualize the littoral environment or changes to that environment with a fair degree of realism and on a near real-time basis. Sonalysts, Inc. wants to improve upon this situation by applying gaming expertise to develop a simulation tool that addresses these issues. The tool we propose will make use of Sonalysts' state-of-the-art commercial simulation technology. This technology will be applied to provide computations, graphics, video capture, and simulation for the environmental elements within the littoral zone. We will demonstrate an ability to simulate environmental changes and observe their effect on a near real-time basis in such elements as wind speed and direction or in wave height, period, or direction. We will illustrate the capability to modify these environmental elements by interactions between the user and the simulation tool through easy-to-use graphical user interfaces. Our Phase I approach will address three key technical objectives: 1) Obtain information to provide an understanding of the computational effort required for varying degrees of visualization detail and realism, 2) Evaluate forecast model data to determine sufficiency for providing realistic animations, and 3) Determine ability of animation to realistically reflect changes to the littoral environment.

TEMPLEMAN AUTOMATION, LLC 29 Miller Street Somerville, MA 02143
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 996-9054 Mr. Leonard White NAVY 07-093 Awarded: 05APR07
Title:	Littoral Environment Visualization Tool
Abstract:	Templeman Automation (TA) proposes to build an innovative near real-time littoral environment visualization tool based on statistical inputs from SWAN and other oceanographic forecast products. The Simulated Wave Animation Visualization (SWAV) application will allow users to visualize complex statistical wave fields with dynamic vantage point control and "fly through" capabilities both above and below the sea surface. Simulation parameters such as lighting and forecast uncertainty limits will be adjustable in real time to give the mission planner a visceral impression of the predicted littoral environment. The Phase I study will prove the feasibility of producing such a tool, while upon completion of the Phase II a field-testable prototype system will result.

ADVANCED CERAMETRICS, INC. P.O. Box 128245 North Main Street Lambertville, NJ 08530
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 397-2900 Dr. Farhad Mohammadi NAVY 07-094 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	RF Guidance Sensor Windows for High-Speed and Hypersonic Air Vehicles
Abstract:	Advanced Cerametrics, Inc (ACI) has developed a technology to make nearly any ceramic into flexible fiber. ACI has also developed a material that meets the needs of hypersonic missile radomes (barium alumino silicate-BAS). ACI has developed a method to make the BAS into fiber form and to produce fibrous monoliths of BAS where the BAS fibers reinforce a similar BAS matrix. These components have a low dielectric constant suitable for radome RF requirements. The BAS materials, especially in fiber monolith form, have a very good CTE with high temperature capability above 2700 F. The fibrous monoliths can be back filled with an aluminum phosphate slurry to form a graded structure sandwich to improve the density and toughness to resist rain erosion and mechancial stresses. The work in this SBIR will continue ACI's work begun on the BAS to make functioning hypersonic missile radomes by the end of Phase II.

SIENNA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 19501 144th Avenue NE Suite F-500 Woodinville, WA 98072
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 485-7272 Dr. Ender Savrun NAVY 07-094 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Ceramic Composite Windows and Radomes for Hypersonic Vehicles
Abstract:	Conventional dielectric materials for hypersonic radome and window applications exhibit a number of performance limitations including inadequate thermal shock resistance, variations in electrical (dielectric constant and loss) and structural performance (mechanical strength) with temperature, and difficulty in fabrication to the desired shape. We propose to develop high strength, high toughness, high temperature stable, low dielectric constant continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites with wide band-pass in the L band (1-2 GHz) for GPS navigation and guidance, S-Ku (2-18 GHz) band for wrap-around antenna, and W band (94 GHz) for terminal homing for hypersonic window and radome applications. The Phase I program will fabricate a fiber-reinforced ceramic composite with the required electrical and mechanical properties for hypersonic windows and radomes. Equibiaxial flexural strength and thermal shock resistance of the composite disks will be measured up to 1500�C, and Weibull parameters will be calculated to determine their reliability. Free-space microwave dielectric properties, dielectric constant and loss tangent, between 75 GHz and 100 GHz will be measured up to 1500�C.

ACREE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1900 Bates Ave.Suite G Concord, CA 94520
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(925) 798-5770 Dr. Mike McFarland NAVY 07-095 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Alternative Flight Control Methods for Supersonic/Hypersonic Cruise Missiles
Abstract:	Acree Technologies, Inc. (ATI) has demonstrated the effectiveness of using an innovative Cathodic Arc Plasma Source (CAPS) to produce high-density plasma for pressure changes of over 100% in a Mach-5 flow. ATI proposes to use its CAPS system for actuation of supersonic and hypersonic missile systems. The goal of the Phase-I is to show actuation effects in the speed range of interest, namely Mach 0.5 to Mach 5. Plasma actuators work by coupling electromagnetic energy directly to the flow stream via the plasma without the use of a mechanical intermediary such as a pump, a flap or a motor. By adjusting the plasma density and magnetic field, the lift can be varied between zero and high values. The advantage of this approach is that there are no moving parts, so it is very robust. The CAPS is capable of being energized in a matter of microseconds compared to at least milliseconds for mechanical systems, which allows for increased accuracy of high-speed missiles.

KBM ENTERPRISES, INC. P. O. Box 940 Ardmore, TN 38449
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 895-9811 Mr. Raymond A. Deep NAVY 07-095 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Alternative Flight Control Methods for Supersonic/Hypersonic Cruise Missiles
Abstract:	The need to bring ordinance on `targets of opportunity' quickly before the target moves to another location is of paramount importance. A cruise missile that can travel at sustained hypersonic velocities could provide such a capability by reducing the time to target by a factor of 5 or more. Sustained flights at hypersonic velocities provide several technical challenges. Hypersonic control surfaces are typically thick, leading to high drag. High drag requires a high thrust power plant. Technology reducing drag will provide a very favorable trade to the overall missile system. KBM with GTRI propose a concept that utilizes actuators inserting small pins into the missile flow field to provide stability and control for a supersonic tailless missile. Inserting pins at the proper location can achieve high enough pressures on the body of a projectile or missile to produce high speed turns. Preliminary simplified simulation results have demonstrated that pins could be used to make a dynamically unstable tailless missile configuration fly a practically straight path.

ORBITAL RESEARCH, INC. 4415 Euclid AvenueSuite 500 Cleveland, OH 44103
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(216) 649-0399 Mr. Mehul Patel NAVY 07-095 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	ACTUATOR INTEGRATED MISSILE STEERING SYSTEM (AIMSS) FOR SUPERSONIC MISSILES
Abstract:	There exists a need for alternative flight control methods for supersonic cruise missiles. Orbital Research Inc. (ORI), in collaboration with the University of Toledo, proposes to develop an innovative Actuator Integrated Missile Steering System (AIMSS) for aerodynamic control of subsonic-to-hypersonic cruise missiles using active flow control technology. ORI's AIMSS will utilize small-scale actuators with efficient flow control techniques to provide controls for missile maneuvering and trimming. The main objectives of the proposed system are to: (a) provide and maintain sufficient control authority over a wide range of flow speeds from subsonic to supersonic flows (Mach 0.5 to 5), (b) minimize weight, drag and power requirements for reduced system complexity, and (c) reduce the overall cost to the vehicle system for practical use in expendables. The proposed AIMSS will aim to reduce or eliminate the need for fins or wings on high supersonic cruise missiles which will also allow the system to be integrated into and launched from various platforms. Other potential benefits of the proposed AIMSS include increased-- range, payload capacity, aerostructural efficiency and endgame maneuvering.

AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCES CORP. 9950 Wakeman Drive Manassas, VA 20110
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 225-4318 Dr. James Paduano NAVY 07-096 Selected for Award
Title:	Multi-Vehicle Cooperative Control for Teams of Air and Sea Vehicles Performing Littoral Operations
Abstract:	Aurora Flight Sciences proposes to apply algorithms for cooperative tasking of multiple unmanned vehicles, which have been significantly matured in UAVs, to a variety of USV littoral search, inspection, and force protection missions. Because of our mature starting point, the focus will be to address real-world issues such as distributed implementation over intermittent communication networks; dynamic, stochastic environments; and management of vehicle loss and other multi-vehicle health management issues. Aurora's existing collaboration with MIT researchers will be expanded to include Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI), who together with Aurora researchers with seminal experience in Autonomous Surface Craft will work toward transitioning technologies from the UAV to the USV realm. Cooperative USV/UAV/UUV teams will be considered, in which some members play the role of communication relays (UAVs for host ship-to-USV comms, USVs for host ship-to-UUV comms. Existing multi-vehicle real-time simulations with communication emulation are already available for these studies, and the MIT-developed Robust Decentralized Task Assignment (RDTA) algorithms can be used to optimize planning for flexible, diverse unmanned teams with diverse sensor sets. Extensions to incorporate recent results in multi-vehicle health management and human interfaces to reduce operator work load will also be incorporated.

CONTINENTAL CONTROLS & DESIGN, INC. 20252 Bancroft Circle Huntington Beach, CA 92646
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(714) 964-6553 Mr. Matthew Ryan NAVY 07-096 Selected for Award
Title:	Autonomous, Cooperative Behavior Amongst Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Abstract:	We propose a new miniature USV called Piranha, leapfrogging the normal Phase I study phase and using this time and budget to begin integration of our existing Micro UAV autopilot, the TGE, with cooperative swarming algorithms supplied by JHU/APL. Our GN&C capability currently powers the Locust Micro UAV, and APL has tested their algorithms on larger, much more expensive platforms. During Phase 1, we will integrate both onto an inexpensive, miniature USV. A successful demonstration of this low cost capability shall be followed in Phase 2 by USV capability upgrades including engine and sensor packages, as well as dedicated swarm algorithm testing including Locust MAVs as an airborne component of the swarming behavior.

IROBOT CORP. 63 South Avenue Burlington, MA 01803
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 418-3292 Dr. Osa Fitch NAVY 07-096 Selected for Award
Title:	Piranha: Autonomous, Cooperative Behavior Amongst USVs
Abstract:	The Piranha USV brings together intelligent vehicle technology with advanced mission planning and autonomous operation capabilities. Through the use of collaborative behaviors, several USVs will operate as a group to maintain a robust communications and sensor network. The design of the Piranha USV will be based on iRobot's Intelligent Vehicles Robotics Kit and will leverage iRobot's extensive experience in building unmanned systems from manned vehicles.

ROBOTIC RESEARCH LLC 814 W. Diamond Ave.Suite 301 Gaithersburg, MD 20878
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 631-0008 Mr. Charles Shoemaker NAVY 07-096 Selected for Award
Title:	Autonomous, Cooperative Behavior Amongst Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Abstract:	In the future, the U.S. Navy will likely use unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) as an integral part of the Navy's transformation to a networked, more agile force. Navy planners see USVs operating extensively in ocean, littoral (coastal), and riverine areas. USVs are less vulnerable operating on the water's surface than unmanned aerial and submersible vehicles in their respective areas. Unmanned systems are increasingly being used to provide persistent littoral surveillance for a broad range of missions, including reconnaissance, force protection, mine detection, special operations, antisubmarine warfare (ASW), and intelligence collection. The ability for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) to autonomously operate in a collaborative manner will significantly enhance mission capabilities. Robotic Research, LLC in partnership with General Dynamics Robotic Systems (GDRS), proposes to develop a multi-vehicle, collaborative, autonomous control system for Unmanned Surface Vehicles. Robotic Research and GDRS have already developed and demonstrated similar software for Unmanned Ground Vehicles for the U.S. Army. The system proposed here will leverage the GDRS Autonomous Navigation System (ANS) for vehicle command and control system to the Navy's unmanned surface vessel domain

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Jovan Boskovic NAVY 07-096 Selected for Award
Title:	Development of an Autonomous Coordinated Control System (ACCS) for Multiple Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs)
Abstract:	SSCI proposes to develop an Autonomous Coordinated Control System (ACCS) for multiple USVs, and evaluate its feasibility through simulations. The proposed system will coordinate diverse tasks for USVs such as: (i) Area search with a platoon of USVs; (ii) Vehicle-to-target assignment, and removal of vehicles from the platoon to pursue and inspect suspicious vessels; (iii) Reconfiguration of the remaining vessels to continue the search; (iv) Return of the pursuit & inspection vehicles to the platoon; and (v) Platoon retasking to continue the search with additional vehicles. Phase I tasks include: (i) Problem statement and mission scenario definition; (ii) Simulation development; (iii) Algorithm development and integration; and (iv) Simulation testing. Phase II will focus on further algorithm development, high-fidelity simulation testing, and in-water demonstration of the proposed system. Lockheed Martin Undersea and Security Systems(USS) will provide technical guidance, and in-water testing and commercialization support throughout the project.

HONTEK CORP. 161 South Satellite Road South Windsor, CT 06074
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 282-1776 Mr. Shek C. Hong NAVY 07-097 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Erosion Resistance Coatings for Composite Propulsor/Fan Blades
Abstract:	Fiber glass reinforced polymers and light weight aluminum have been used in building the structural components for ships and aircraft. As a structural part, these materials are very rigid and strong. On the other hand, fiber reinforced polymer and aluminum do not perform well in a cavitating environment and they can be sand eroded very quickly. These deficiencies are especially serious for the propulsion and lift fans for air-cushion vehicles such as LCACs. The goal of this proposed contract work is to develop cost effective coatings on composite materials for insertion into naval propulsion (in air and in water) and lift fan systems that improve durability by enabling the composite blades to become highly resistant to erosion from cavitation, sand, mist, rain, or sea-water spray while providing compatibility with geometry and ease of installation. This proposal involves with the use of Hontek's high performance sand and rain erosion resistant sprayable coatings to protect the underwater propulsors (ships and subs) and propulsion and lift fans (for air-cushion vehicles such as LCACs). A secondary approach is to use Hontek's molding resins to form a skin layer or molded boot for adhesive bonding onto the composite propulsors or fan blades.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SWSuite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Dr. Shi-Hau Own NAVY 07-097 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	Erosion Resistance Coatings for Composite Propulsor/Fan Blades
Abstract:	In the development of high speed surface platforms, such as Littoral combat ship, fiber reinforced composite (FRP) materials offer strength, stiffness, low cost and weight reduction. Most of the fiber reinforced composite materials currently used are stiff and strain-rate limited. Due to poor energy absorbing capability, there is a hurdle in using FRP as a propulsor material. Direction-dependent stiffness in the blades through the use of fiber orientation and flexible propeller blades are used to resolve this stiffness issue in the conventional FRP materials. Despite its effectiveness, it is a very expensive process. In order to manufacture a cost effective composite propulsor, Luna proposes an innovative energy absorbing abrasion resistant coating material on to the low cost FRP propulsor blade. The coating is tough, abrasion resistant and has energy absorbing capability with built-in self-healing feature. This coating system will improve cavitation erosion & abrasion resistance of the propulsor blade and provide a low cost light weight propulsor across the fleet.

PLASMA TECHNOLOGY, INC. 1754 Crenshaw blvd. Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3373 Dr. Satish Dixit NAVY 07-097 Awarded: 14MAY07
Title:	Erosion and impact resistant thermal spray coatings for fiber-reinforced polymer applications
Abstract:	This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I objective is to develop a cavitation resistant and impact resistant coating system on Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) substrates. The use of FRP materials have many benefits, including stringent fabrication tolerance at reduced procurement cost, hydrodynamic efficiency leading to reduced life-cycle costs, cavitation, radiated noise and weight. Efforts have demonstrated improvements in the cavitation erosion resistance of FRPs, although their improved performance still remains well below traditional metallic materials. Also, although prior research has shown oxidation can be slowed when metallic or ceramic coatings are applied onto FRP's, there remains a need for cavitation-resistant and impact-resistant coatings that protect FRP's from cavitation as well as eroding particulates. A multifunctional composite material that provides both good structural properties and high resistance to cavitation and erosion from a multiple of sources would allow for FRP's to be used in marine applications. Therefore, this Phase I effort is to develop affordable cavitation resistant and impact resistant coating systems (materials and processes) that are compatible with candidate FRP's.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. Norm Rice NAVY 07-097 Awarded: 14MAY07
Title:	Nanoparticle Reinforced Erosion Resistant Coatings for Fan Blades (1001-053)
Abstract:	Triton Systems responds to the Navy's need for a coating for composite fan blades and impellers that is resistant to erosion from the effects of cavitation, blowing sand, and foreign object impact. A novel nanoparticle reinforced elastomeric coating matrix is proposed to meet the erosion resistance requirements.

GLOBAL ENGINEERING & MATERIALS, INC. 9 Glodfinch Terrace East Lyme, CT 06333
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 398-5620 Dr. Jim Lua NAVY 07-098 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Fire Integrity in Advanced Ship Structures
Abstract:	A fully coupled fire simulation and thermal-mechanical response and damage prediction tool will be developed by enhancing, packaging, and integrating our existing solution modules as an add-on tool kit for a commercial finite element solver such as ABAQUS. This tool will for the first time be able to model the fluid-structure coupled response of an advanced ship structure to a fire environment and synergistic interaction of multiple failure modes and their compounding effects that contribute to the final catastrophic failure. GEM has secured commitments for technical support from Virginia Tech and the State University of New York at Buffalo, who will provide supporting data, solution modules, and expertise. The multi-faceted feasibility study consists of: 1) performance of a trade-off study between the commercially available FDS tool and our fully-coupled CFD tool for a 2D structural system; 2) enhancement of the current material characterization module by including creep and creep rupture behavior; 3) characterization of damage initiation and failure progression via a hybrid damage model; 4) implementation of these solution modules in ABAQUS via its user-defined subroutines; and 5) demonstration of the solution efficiency and accuracy based on available coupon and component test data.

MATERIALS SCIENCES CORP. 181 Gibraltar Road Horsham, PA 19044
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 542-8400 Dr. Simon Chung NAVY 07-098 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	Fire Integrity in Advanced Ship Structures (MSC P7002)
Abstract:	One critical concern in using advanced materials, such as composite materials and aluminum, in navy ship structures is their structural reliability under fire. Under a previous Navy program, Materials Sciences Corporation (MSC) developed a novel and sophisticated analysis system for the assessment of composite structures under fire. The opportunity under this SBIR program is to bring this system to maturity, and to verify its accuracy and applicability to the fire performance analysis of Navy ships. The package will combine: 1) state-of-the-art material models to predict material degradation of advanced materials under elevated temperatures, including material softening and material pyrolysis, as well as yielding affects of aluminum under fire, 2) established theories, such as classical lamination theory and anisotropic plate theory, to predict overall global behavior of composites for known loading situations, and 3) innovative methods to predict the behavior complex composite parts (i.e., composite joints).This SBIR program will allow MSC to turn a fire-analysis software module into a complete, stand-alone package that may be used by engineers for the rapid assessment of advanced structures under fire conditions.

SURVICE ENGINEERING CO. 4695 Millennium Drive Belcamp, MD 21017
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 273-7722 Dr. Dave Keyser NAVY 07-098 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Fire Integrity in Advanced Ship Structures
Abstract:	The Navy requires the ability to predict fire growth and spread onboard ships and resulting damage and residual structural integrity of composite structures. SURVICE Engineering proposes the development of a new analysis code that integrates fire modeling, heat transfer, and structural analysis methods by enhancing and extending existing and proven analysis tools.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill StreetSuite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(202) 842-1548 Ms. Jamie Estock NAVY 07-099 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Predicting Requirements for instructional Environment Design to Improve Critical Training (PREDICT)
Abstract:	Traditional military training is becoming increasingly constrained by limited resources, geographic distribution of personnel, and the nature of ongoing operations, leading to an increased interest in the use of virtual training environments. However, training developers and systems acquisition professionals need to better understand how the fidelity of sensory components of virtual environments impacts the effectiveness of training. The PREDICT effort proposes to develop a model-based tool to predict the impact of virtual training environment fidelity on training effectiveness. PREDICT will inform users, prior to investment, of the tradeoffs in training effectiveness associated with levels of fidelity. Aptima will base the PREDICT tool on: (1) a matrix that links virtual environment fidelity to training outcomes, (2) the training context variables that may influence the relationship between fidelity and training effectiveness, (3) the organization's budgetary constraints, and (4) the costs associated with acquiring and maintaining virtual training environments. The result will be a complex, integrated, predictive model which considers all of these variables. In Phase II, Aptima will conduct model-based experimentation to validate the model's predictions. To ensure success, the Aptima team will apply their knowledge of the fidelity literature with their expertise in predictive modeling, model-based experimentation, and experimental design.

DESIGN INTERACTIVE, INC. 1221 E. Broadway, Suite 110 Oviedo, FL 32765
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 706-0977 Dr. Laura Milham NAVY 07-099 Awarded: 04MAY07
Title:	Virtual Reality Training System Development Guidance Tool for Multimodal Information Fidelity Level Selection
Abstract:	Ensuring that training systems are based on operationally, theoretically, and empirically driven requirements is a key component to improve VE system effectiveness because it focuses on the specific training needs and goals at contextually appropriate task and expertise levels. Although requirements form the basis of system design, their full implementation (i.e., complete realism to the operational environment) is usually limited by practical issues (e.g., cost technological capability). Furthermore, while a high fidelity option may present the most realistic representation of the operational environment, designers should consider a few issues before implementation: 1) Is the high fidelity option meeting the targeted training goals?, and 2) Are there practical, lower cost alternatives offering sufficient levels of functional fidelity to reach the same training goals? In addition to operational context, research theory and empirical findings on multimodal cues and fidelity can help generate viable alternative design solutions and opportunities to augment or enhance VE training system design. To address these issues, this effort proposes to develop the Tool for the Optimization of Multimodal Cues in Advancement of Training System Design (TOMCAT). This tool will partially automate two important components for successful design of VE training systems: 1) Context - helping users define operational/contextual system requirements by identifying critical tasks with their required cues and presentation fidelity ; 2) Optimization (of the requirements) - integrating theoretical, empirical and cost benefit findings to help users select a system both cost-effective and training task centered.

EPITAXIAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 1450 South Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 455-5830 Dr. Ayub Fathimulla NAVY 07-100 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	Ultrasensitive, Wideband Laser Warning Receiver
Abstract:	This SBIR project will develop a compact, low-cost, ambient temperature operating and ultra-sensitive, wideband laser warning receiver (LWR) based on an ultrasensitivie wavelength dispersive photoreceiver array operating in the 0.4 - 2.5mm wavelength range for shipboard detection of laser threats. We will accomplish this by developing novel ultrasensitive wavelength dispersive avalanche photodiode (APD) detector arrays having low noise, high quantum efficiency and wide-spectral response with each array pixel able to discriminate among wavelengths and angles of arrival of incoming laser signals. In Phase I, we will demonstrate on a single wafer, sub-nanowatt sensitivity, 1-GHz bandwidth detectors with spectral resolution as low as 10-nm at 0.6 um, 0.85 um, 1.1-um, 1.5 um and 2.5 um at room ambient temperature, and show that these detectors can be fabricated as a large format array. In Phase II, we will optimize the detector material and device designs to enable detector pixels with wavelength response varying from 0.4 to 2.5 um. We will then design and fabricate 256 x 256 LWR arrays with 0.1 nW sensitivity equivalent to an irradiance sensitivity of 0.1 mW/cm2 and probability of detection of 90% or one false alarm per hour, as well as a spectral resolution of 10-nm and an angular coverage of 90o.

PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, INC. 7 Deer Park Drive,Suite C Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 274-0774 Mr. John L. Lowrance NAVY 07-100 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	Shipboard Laser Detection
Abstract:	Naval vessels in port or operating close to shore can be threatened by rocket propelled munitions, mortars, or artillery systems that incorporate laser targeting systems (or target designators). The use of laser warning receivers (LWR) which can provide precise pointing to the illuminating laser source can enable valuable situation awareness and targeting for counterfire to protect the threatened platform. Traditional pulsed LWR systems rely on main beam or port scatter from the laser source. Large ships or groups of ships would require numerous such LWR sensors for full ship or group coverage. The feasibility of using atmospheric scattering of lasers as a detection signature has been demonstrated by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) to provide pointing directions back to the laser source. The use of atmospheric scattering minimizes the necessity of multiple sensors for full ship or group coverage. The proposed Phase I is to investigate a sensor systems that will detect and locate a laser beam from the atmospheric scattering of laser radiation over a wide field-of-view and sensitive to lasers operating at visible, shortwave infrared.

SENSING STRATEGIES, INC. 114 Titus Mill Road Pennington, NJ 08534
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(609) 818-9801 Dr. Richard Preston NAVY 07-100 Awarded: 15MAY07
Title:	Shipboard Laser Detection
Abstract:	Sensing Strategies, Inc. (SSI) has extensive expertise in laser detection, which allows us to propose an ambitious effort with a combined analytical and experimental approach. Our proposal includes irradiance and sensor performance predictions to estimate the threat detection envelopes for a sample sensor concept. With these predictions as a basis going into the effort, the Phase I resources can be focused on technology tradeoff and system miniaturization and design issues. Objectives of this Phase I proposed effort are: (1) Develop a shipboard laser warning sensor preliminary design that achieves comparable or improved performance over SBLAS in the 1.06 micron region while reducing the size of the off-axis and direct illumination systems, and (2) Propose an off-axis collection system for laser threat detection in the 1.5 micron range and predict its expected performance in tactical scenarios. The objective of the optional field test component is to collect quantitative aerosol scatter irradiance data to verify the model predictions and characterize sensitivity of SBLAS and a breadboard SSI receiver. The primary product from the Phase I effort will be a development plan for a Phase II prototype sensor system based on the miniaturized designs developed under Phase I.

BEAM-WAVE RESEARCH, INC. 5406 Bradley Boulevard Bethesda, MD 20814
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 535-2162 Dr. Khanh T. Nguyen NAVY 07-101 Selected for Award
Title:	Microfabricated Circuits for Sheet Electron Beam Amplifiers in the Upper Millimeter-Wave Spectrum
Abstract:	The proposed program is to develop two sheet-beam circuit topologies, one for narrowband and one for broadband, for used in future amplifiers. Several potential micro-fabrication approaches have been identified. Major objectives of the proposed program are to complete detailed circuit designs, to work with identified micro-fabricators to develop a fabrication plan, and to formulate a test plan for evaluating microfabricated circuits in the Phase-II program. Key emphasis is high yield fabrication with affordable unit-cost. Beam transport approaches and thermal analyses will also be performed. The program is designed to establish the fastest possible route to a functional, well characterized circuit ready for integration with the electron gun and collector into a functional amplifier.

PERFORMANCE MICROWAVE 126 West Shore Trail Sparta, NJ 07871
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 726-4236 Mr. Danny Holstein NAVY 07-101 Selected for Award
Title:	Microfabricated Circuits for Sheet Electron Beam Amplifiers in the Upper Millimeter-Wave Spectrum
Abstract:	A meander-line circuit has been examined, and appears suitable, for use as an RF structure for a sheet beam-based traveling wave tube (TWT). The circuit may be fabricated using both, standard brazing and fabrication techniques typically used in TWT manufacture (for a macro-type device operating in current microwave bands), as well as MEMS techniques for a mm-wave band device. This circuit is characterized by a wide-band (to DC), efficient axial coupling impedances or by a uniquely-transverse mode which can be selected through topology and mode launching. Preliminary calculations indicate significant bandwidth is achievable, possibly octaves and almost certainly, whole waveguide bands. Basic electron beam interaction efficiency should be comparable to that of existing TWT devices and energy recovery methods such as those developed for space-based and MPM technologies may be applied to this device. Recently developed technology in the areas of manufacturing, materials and computational models have made this concept viable. Lithographic/microfabrication methods in circuit design make the MEMS circuits scalable (conceivably to THz applications). NC mills with automation and precision allow the low-cost fabrication of the racetrack shapes required for the beam focusing system. And computational modeling facilitates the more-complicated RF matching between waveguide and circuit and 3-D modeling of the electron beam formation and focusing.

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill StreetSuite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2467 Dr. Georgiy Levchuk NAVY 07-102 Awarded: 23MAY07
Title:	FINAL: Facility Identification via Networks with Adaptive Links
Abstract:	Repetitive crimes, such as the production of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) or supplying illegal drugs, present a growing challenge to society. Physical structures that can support these crimes provide potentially important invariants. The crimes must be situated somewhere, and the physical structures present in any given location change slowly. Knowledge of those structures and their capabilities might therefore provide an effective lens through which to gain an accurate view, and therefore an effective means for attacking the problem. Aptima proposes to develop Facility Identification via Networks with Adaptive Links (FINAL) technology to find facilities associated with adversarial actions and discover the intent for their use. FINAL is based on previously developed technology that performs probabilistic network pattern identification based on partial knowledge about network nodes, links and their attributes. Assisted by an ontology of physical structures, FINAL creates hypothesis networks by combining networks of data describing actual conditions and more abstract network models of repetitive crimes.

MILCORD LLC 1050 Winter StreetSuite 1000 Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(207) 866-6532 Dr. Thomas Windholz NAVY 07-102 Awarded: 23MAY07
Title:	A Data-driven, Decision Aid for Facility and Spatiotemporal Profiling (D3A-FSP)
Abstract:	The urban terrain shapes the strategy and tactics of both our adversaries and our military in the Global War on Terror. Hostile actors use man-made structures (facilities, buildings) for specific tasks and purposes (planning, supply, reconnaissance). The structures they use can be profiled in terms of their attributes (location, size, access, features, egress, utilities) and their utility (safe house, IED factory, observation post). Geoprofiling, a technique used in serial crime investigations, can also be applied to counter insurgency operations. However, like any analytical method, the benefit of geoprofiling is dependent on the specific application (i.e., criminal investigation), the availability of `good data' to support the analysis, and the understanding of regional differences. Here, we propose to research and develop a data-driven, decision aid for facility and spatiotemporal profiling (D3A-FSP) that, given a set of adversary goals, finds the utility function from observed adversary behavior and generates inferences and predictions regarding the location of facilities that support adversary operations in the urban environment. D3A-FSP learns the utility function that the adversaries are using, and classifies and predicts the potential utility of a facility to the adversaries based on the derived metadata of each facility using belief networks.

STOTTLER HENKE ASSOC., INC. 951 Mariner's Island Blvd., STE 360 San Mateo, CA 94404
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 931-2700 Dr. Daniel Fu NAVY 07-102 Awarded: 23MAY07
Title:	Predicting Facilities that Repetitively Support Hostile Activities using Adversary Modeling and Geographic Profiling
Abstract:	Stottler Henke proposes to develop a software system to predict which facilities in an urban environment are likely to repetitively support activities by hostile actors. This system will draw upon an extensible, heterogeneous geographic information system containing detailed geographic and facility data as well as a knowledge base storing information about past hostile actions and known adversary tactics, structure, and associations. The system will employ a combination of geographic profiling techniques and adversary decision models - which capture the facility preference criteria and constraints of the adversary -- to dynamically generate effective predictions based on the latest information. Using machine learning algorithms, the system will automatically adapt its adversary decision models to account for regional differences or changes in adversary tactics over time. The system will also exploit the structure of the knowledge base ontology to generalize and aggregate adversary knowledge where necessary to mitigate gaps in the data. During the Phase I, Stottler Henke will characterize the data sets required for effective prediction of supporting facilities. We will also develop predictive algorithms as described above as well as learning algorithms to adapt to evolving adversary tactics. Finally, we propose to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach via a limited prototype.

ADAPTIVE DYNAMICS, INC. 11829 La Colina Rd. San Diego, CA 92131
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 705-2781 Dr. Brandon Zeidler NAVY 07-103 Selected for Award
Title:	Submarine UHF SATCOM (25 kHz CPM) Narrowband Interference and Multipath Mitigation with Nonlinear Adaptive Filtering
Abstract:	We propose to develop innovative nonlinear adaptive filtering techniques to simultaneously mitigate the effects of narrowband interference and multipath distortion for the 25 KHz Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) MIL-STD-188-181B waveform for submarine communications and other DoD applications. Our approach is based on an extension of nonlinear adaptive filtering techniques that we developed and successfully applied to the 5KHz Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keyed (SOQPSK) MIL-STD-188-181B waveform in previous work. These algorithms will be redesigned to provide effective performance with the 25 KHz CPM waveform in the presence of both CW interference and multipath distortion. In Phase I, we will provide a complete software receiver capable of signal acquisition and subsequent tracking of frequency, phase, timing, and the Reed-Solomon coding and Viterbi detection functions specified in MIL-STD-188-181B. The filters developed will be robust to the high levels of interference frequently encountered in tactical networks, and will solve the tactical requirement of interference mitigation with minimal signal distortion by the development of a multi-stage nonlinear adaptive filtering approach that is able to recognize the start of the preamble and acquire and track the 25 KHz coded CPM waveform in the presence of severe CW narrowband interference.

XENOTRAN CORP. 513 Progress DriveSuite M Linthicum Heights, MD 21090
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 636-3006 Dr. Kevin Page NAVY 07-103 Selected for Award
Title:	Submarine UHF SATCOM (25 kHz CPM) Narrowband Interference and Multipath Mitigation with Nonlinear Adaptive Filtering
Abstract:	Xenotran proposes to design an adaptive filtering system capable of mitigating the effects of narrowband interference and multi-path distortion on a Multi-h Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) modulated channel. The adaptive filtering system will be based on the Least-Mean-Square (LMS) algorithm and will exploit the non-linear behavior of LMS to improve system performance. This system will also capitalize on turbo equalization techniques, iterating between equalizer and soft-input soft-output (SISO) demodulation of the quaternary, Multi-h CPM trellis to further improve system performance. Such an iterative adaptive filtering system is directly applicable to UHF SATCOM receivers, specifically receivers complying with the MIL-STD-188-181B/C standards, where narrowband interference and multi-path distortion are of concern. This system is particularly useful in littoral environments, where reflections from the sea surface create multi-path distortion and where ducting conditions can cause an increase in received interference.

INNEGRITY LLC 59 C Concourse Way Greer, SC 20650
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(864) 248-6077 Dr. Brian Morin NAVY 07-104 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Materials for Submarine Antenna Radomes
Abstract:	The goal of this SBIR project will be to test the feasibility of using low dielectric fabrics and low dielectric thermoset resins as advanced materials for submarine antenna radomes that allow thinner diameter, low cost and low weight radome development with decreased transmission loss.

NANOSONIC, INC. P.O. Box 618 Christiansburg, VA 24068
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 953-1785 Mrs. M. Berg NAVY 07-104 Selected for Award
Title:	Advanced Materials for Submarine Antenna Radomes
Abstract:	This proposed SBIR program would develop low loss, structural, high performance polymer matrix nanocomposites with controlled permittivity for radome applications. A radome's function is to protect the antenna, modify the impact of the antenna on the hydrodynamics, and the radar cross-section of the mast. However, its impact on the electromagnetic function of the enclosed antenna in free space must be minimized. To meet this challenge, NanoSonic will fabricate and characterize conformal, high performance, low loss polymer matrix nanocomposites with controlled permittivity. With the electrical and mechanical requirements, NanoSonic would build-in advantageous environment material properties. The result is a highly integrated radome panel designed as not only an electromagnetic solution but also as a materials solution with a low-cost, highly reliable, manufacturable product. NanoSonic is uniquely qualified as a small company to construct these materials. Our staff consists of innovative chemical engineers, polymer and inorganic chemists holding advanced degrees, and as engineers with experience in microwave antenna engineering and high frequency materials testing. Our laboratory is fully equipped for polymer and nanoparticle synthesis and has fabrication capabilities to create prototype structures, and our microwave testing equipment includes the capabilities for making in-house measurements for permittivity.

ATC - NY 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 500 Ithaca, NY 14850
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 257-1975 Mr. Daniel Tingstrom NAVY 07-105 Selected for Award
Title:	DaSD - Dynamic Service Discovery
Abstract:	The current UDDI standard does not support dynamic federation of registries in the Navy's disconnected and low bandwidth environment. To support these dynamic, multi-enclave federations while keeping security policies in place, ATC-NY, in collaboration with Architecture Technology Corporation, will develop DaSD (Dynamic Service Discovery). We will employ a modified gossip protocol to enable UDDI registries to be dynamically distributed while using XML compression technology to meet low-bandwidth requirements. To determine feasibility in Phase I we will create a proxy server which clients will transparently use to connect to UDDI servers. The proxy server will keep track of added/removed/failed nodes as well as security policies to be enforced. The proxy server will also manage replication among UDDI nodes. We will also build a prototype simulator, which contains the same events of a dynamic UDDI federation in a low-bandwidth network, to run experiments and optimize the performance of DaSD. By combining the strength of UDDI 3's features and DaSD's capabilities, we should be able to support the Navy's requirements for federating UDDI registries between afloat and ashore networks.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun DriveSuite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5223 Dr. Margaret Lyell NAVY 07-105 Selected for Award
Title:	Standardizing a Multi-Enclave Federated UDDI for Use in a Dynamic Service Oriented Architecture
Abstract:	Fulfilling the promise of a net-centric service oriented architecture for information systems depends on the availability of dynamic discovery of services. The premier standards-based service oriented architecture of today is based on Web services; the specifications include those for the Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) Registry service. These specifications are geared to the eCommerce world; the development of UDDI standards supports development of commercial-off-the-shelf software tools. As long as the UDDI specifications meet the needs of the Navy, it is able to leverage the commercial tools for its mission needs. Problems arise when there is a mismatch of Navy needs and the specifications or standards. Our innovation offers a standards-based solution to the Navy needs with our proposed Multi-Enclave Federated UDDI (MEF-UDDI) framework for use in a Dynamic Service Oriented Architecture. The MEF-UDDI will support federation of UDDI registries, policy-based access to registry service information and agent proxy capability. In order to realize the MEF-UDDI, we propose a two-fold approach, with (1) engagement with the standards organization OASIS and the UDDI TC in order to address development of architectural recommendations and potentially new (or extended) specifications that serve Navy needs and (2) a software agent-based implementation.

NANOVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 1721 Winding Ridge Circle SE Palm Bay, FL 32909
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 676-4560 Mr. John Voelkel NAVY 07-106 Selected for Award
Title:	PathFinderT: A Reconfigurable Predictive Software Agent for End-to-End QoS in MANETs
Abstract:	Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are becoming increasingly more important to a variety of miniature, mobile communication applications. None are perhaps more important than applications to support our troops in the battlefield and homeland defense. As MANET architectures become more prevalent and the number of dynamic network nodes increases, emphasis must be placed on ensuring a high quality of communication service is delivered between end-users within this highly dynamic environment. NanoVision Technologies, Inc. is developing a new, innovative mobile ad hoc mesh networking (MANET) technology that ensures End-to-End (E2E) Quality of Service (QoS) for mobile platforms. PathFinderT is a highly efficient, completely autonomous agent-based routing and QoS protocol that achieves guaranteed delivery of data by mapping the best possible path within a dynamic MANET. Our innovative scheme involves both the signaling protocols for distributing historical and predictive network state information and the underlying methodology for achieving reliable and efficient operation of the communications infrastructure through dynamic resource re-allocation. Optimum E2E traffic flow is managed by the transfer of multi-link "Traffic Signals" that transfer minimum information between nodes adaptively so that the MANET as a whole is "self-aware" and "self-reconfigurable" with as low overhead as possible. The novel PathFinderT architecture provides a method to achieve reliable communications through adaptive cognitive self-optimizing communications.

XPRT SOLUTIONS, INC. 615 HOPE ROAD, BUILDING 3B EATONTOWN, NJ 07724
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 460-9001 Mr. George Elmasry NAVY 07-106 Awarded: 07JUN07
Title:	A Reconfigurable Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Architecture for Quality of Service Support
Abstract:	This SBIR submission describes a proposal by XPRT Solutions Inc. - a DSCI Company, to develop a dynamic QoS aware agent for Manet networks. This effort considers the adoption of four applicable technologies, namely; Measurement Based Admission Control (MBAC)(that enables the network to respond to perceived status based on a measurement of network performance), Cross Layer Signaling, QOS Edge Technology (that supports various functions including reactive flow control, proactive flow control, delivery assurance, IA, and packet policing) and Network Topology Based on Governing Dynamics (that enables the network topology to be modified to maximize network throughput under various loading conditions). The overall QoS-aware design will consider the major areas of QoS to include Per-Hop, Path, Overhead Traffic and Applications. These areas will be applied in support of identified network functional requirements/identified network capabilities that need to be provided in support of the E2E QoS requirements. A Proof-of-Concept demonstration will be conducted towards the end of Phase I assessing the agent in terms of established performance metrics. A Phase I Option period is proposed for development of detailed systems architecture and prototype component development (e.g., adding new QOS edge technologies based on functional requirements).

APTIMA, INC. 12 Gill StreetSuite 1400 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 496-2475 Dr. Sherman Tyler NAVY 07-107 Selected for Award
Title:	CINAPS: Composable Interfaces for Networked Applications
Abstract:	We propose to produce CINAPS - Composable Interfaces for Networked Applications - a unique environment allowing operators to effectively compose interfaces for networked command and control applications. Using the unmanned vehicle domain as a command-and-control test case, this environment will provide for flexible information composition but will do so in a task-based framework, thereby removing the penalty incurred in time and effort when users must assemble their own interfaces. Aptima will apply Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) to develop principles for interface composability, and to realize those principles within a functioning interface composition tool, CINAPS. The result will be a flexible environment and user interface that ensures optimal operator behavior in assembling multiple information sources into a coherent display for decision-making. In Phase I, we will define composability principles through application of CWA techniques, develop a storyboard to illustrate the products and operation of CINAPS, design the functionality and software architecture of CINAPS, and plan evaluations and formative assessments. In Phase II, Aptima will fully implement CINAPS for a broad set of missions and conditions and conduct a thorough assessment of its utility and usability.

PACIFIC SCIENCE & ENGINEERING GROUP, INC. 9180 Brown Deer Road San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 535-1661 Mr. James M. Linville NAVY 07-107 Selected for Award
Title:	HSI Issues in Composable Information & Service Environments
Abstract:	The product of this research will be the design of the Janus HCI Toolkit and a plan for its operational evaluation during Phase II. Janus will provide a set of composable and modifiable displays to support supervisory control of multitasking and mission reconfiguration. The Toolkit will contain 1) mission displays with high level task and situation status information, 2) attention management tools that promote awareness of changes and support interruption recovery, 3) methods that allow users and designers to quickly define and activate those composable display configurations. These tools will be designed to apply to a broad range of Navy C4ISR contexts. PSE has a 20 year program of scientifically-based research for developing tools that are fleet-proven for transition to operational use in such acquisition systems as Advanced Tomahawk Weapons Control, Electronic Warfare Control, and the Global Command and Control System. PSE works from a strong scientific base to develop tools that are fleet-proven for transition to operational use. The Janus Toolkit supports decision-making processes and facilitates improved understanding among Joint and Coalition commanders. Janus will offer commanders and other users displays and portals to reconfigure tasks, maintain control of force allocation, and maintain awareness of mission accomplishment.

BEACON INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS 30 Spinelli Place Cambridge, MA 02138
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 453-5503 Ms. ML Mackey NAVY 07-108 Selected for Award
Title:	Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) for Afloat Information Technology (IT) and Network Services
Abstract:	goes hereBeacon's approach to Topic N07-108 is aimed at providing not only prognostication and prescription, but the ability to act upon that information. As we explore the needs of afloat IT Systems, our focus will not center on new algorithms or system models. Because of the intense marketplace competition currently going on to provide network and system support at the BIT/BITE level, we do not believe our time would be well spent competing in that market space. Instead, we are interested in exploring how the results of these stand-alone prognostic and diagnostic solutions can be leveraged into a single and coherent support capability for an entire ship. There is a need for tools that automate and make efficient the use of this data to create a distributed diagnostics capability. The challenge in managing an environment such as this is the plethora of components utilizing different protocols, operating systems, hardware components and software protocols which are providing a wide range of services. Additionally, fault in one area can have a cascading affect and the ability to correct this type of degradation is difficult. Ultimately, our goal is to create a support system that seamlessly creates an interconnected grid of collaborative operations.

IMPACT TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 200 Canal View Blvd Rochester, NY 14623
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(585) 424-1990 Mr. Patrick W. Kalgren NAVY 07-108 Selected for Award
Title:	Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) for Afloat Information Technology (IT) and Network Services
Abstract:	Impact Technologies, in collaboration with Sun Microsystems, proposes to develop and deploy electronic Prognostics and Health Management (ePHM) capability for Afloat Information Technology (IT) networks and infrastructure. Working on a selected computing and data management subsystem, Impact Technologies, in collaboration with Sun Microsystems, proposes to integrate technologies available at Impact and Sun to provide an effective demonstration of feasibility and value of ePHM enabled IT systems. Utilizing toolsets developed in related programs at Impact for shipboard and ship to shore use of PHM capability to enable improved maintenance and logistics, Impact will extend this demonstration to illustrate interfaces with current Navy 3M, ILS, and LCS systems for integrated asset management, support, tracking, and planning.

QUALTECH SYSTEMS, INC. 100 Great Meadow Rd., Suite 603 Wethersfield, CT 06109
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(860) 257-8014 Dr. Sudipto Ghoshal NAVY 07-108 Selected for Award
Title:	Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) for Afloat Information Technology (IT) and Network Services
Abstract:	Qualtech Systems, Inc., in cooperation with University of Connecticut and Lockheed Martin Corporation, propose to develop an integrated on-line and adaptive remote network PHM solution to address the needs of shipboard IT/Network systems and services. The team proposes a network system model suitable for fault localization, which takes into account the fault-to-failure progressions among the different components and/or subsystems. We also propose advanced prognostic techniques to predict discrete events (e.g., router failures), as well as continuous network performance measures (e.g., response time, throughput). The proposed solution performs smart tests (e.g., network probing, database query) on network components and coordinates multiple subsystem health assessments to arrive at an overall network health assessment. For further fault isolation, the solution provides adaptive guided troubleshooting support for the maintenance personnel onboard or onshore. In addition, the solution provides various prediction algorithms tailored to the task of projecting the future network health status for improved Maintenance and Material Management. The work proposed here seeks to developing methods for improved diagnostic accuracy (i.e., root-cause isolation), online implementation (efficient test sequences, fast inferencing), as well as the capability for Remote Diagnostics which provide opportunities to conduct diagnostics remotely and prevent breakdowns by detecting and isolating faults earlier.

RIDGETOP GROUP, INC. 6595 North Oracle RoadSuite 153B Tucson, AZ 85704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(520) 742-3300 Dr. Justin Judkins NAVY 07-108 Selected for Award
Title:	Net-Centric Prognostics Health Management
Abstract:	Ridgetop will provide innovative means of more accurately assessing state-of-health and providing trending analysis for the fault-to-failure progression of critical IT network components and services, based on more fully exploiting the existing and planned data sources. The approach makes use of externally accessible measurement points through the IT networks on a ship, and applies advanced algorithms to process the data sets into fault progression trends and system health assessments. This has major benefits in improving the logistics support for both new and legacy systems. Through this SBIR, Ridgetop will (1) provide the "PHM-enabled" IT network methodology and (2) reduce the infrastructure footprint and associated cost for maintaining networking hardware on afloat systems.

AMERICAN GNC CORP. 888 Easy Street Simi Valley, CA 93065
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 582-0582 Dr. Tasso Politopoulos NAVY 07-109 Selected for Award
Title:	Adaptive Polyquadratic Algorithms (APA)
Abstract:	The U.S. Navy is looking for innovative technologies providing Interpolation Techniques with Minimal Data Density Analysis for Seafloor and Sub-seafloor Characteristics. In response AGNC proposes to develop and document an innovative computationally efficient solution deploying adaptive polyquadratic algorithms (APA). The APA system will encompass: 1) extraction breaklines and extreme points from initial surface and subsurface geospatial models; 2) filtering and point's cloud processing of in-situ LIDAR bathymetry and other sensors; 3) adaptive breakline model filtering of assigned accuracy with generation of polyquadratic coefficients; 4) restoration of elevation at any given point of interest deploying polyquadratic coefficients. To develop the APA system, AGNC will research the mathematical and geostatistical nature of the problem to specify optimal algorithmic configurations of system components and interpolation accuracy sufficient for the Navy operations. The APA solution, proposed by AGNC, comprises the following major innovations: a) integration for the first time of adaptive filtering and polyquadric interpolation algorithms; b) unique geostatistical prediction of the final product's surface accuracy and level of detail. The Phase I research will result in identification and feasibility verification of the APA's most challenging components. Phase II will culminate in a fully functional working prototype.

SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS CO., INC. 500 West Cummings Park - Ste 3000 Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 933-5355 Dr. Ssu-Hsin Yu NAVY 07-109 Selected for Award
Title:	Seafloor and Sub-seafloor Data Interpolation and Minimal Data Density Analysis using Geometric and Multi-scale Markov Models
Abstract:	The objective of this project is to develop minimum data density and interpolation algorithms suitable for large volumes of Geospatial Information & Services (GI&S) survey data and for real-time or near-real-time use by decision makers. To accomplish this, we propose two different architectures to impose the Markov conditions -- the Geometric Markov model and the Multi-scale Markov model. The Markovian property in both architectures have direct connections to the underlying physical properties of natural processes. Furthermore, both architectures permit efficient computation algorithms to be implemented for both the data interpolation and the interpolation error estimation. This latter feature permits us to quickly assess different survey strategies and establish the ``best trade-off between resources invested and interpolation error.'' Phase I work will be conducted in the following areas: (1) Identification of Data Spatial Variability, (2) Data Interpolation, and (3) Minimal Data Density Analysis. The end-product of Phase I will be Matlab programs that implement the data interpolation and error estimation algorithms. Phase II end-product will be a prototype of the survey planning system readily to be integrated into Naval METOC Production Centers sensor systems. Our team consists of Scientific Systems Company, Inc. (SSCI) as the prime contractor, and Dr. John Goff of University of Texas Institute for Geophysics as a consultant for this project.

HYPRES., INC. 175 Clearbrook Road Elmsford, NY 10523
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(914) 592-1190 Dr. Deepnarayan Gupta NAVY 07-110 Awarded: 08JUN07
Title:	Multi-input Synchronous Digital-RF Receiver
Abstract:	The goal of this project is to develop an all-digital receiver system, incorporating multiple synchronous analog-to-digital converters, to enable direct digital reception from an antenna array, which permits tunable digital beamforming. HYPRES has been developing superconducting digital-RF receivers for the Navy and other DoD users based on an ultrafast ADC (sampled at over 20 GHz), featuring outstanding linearity due to intrinsic quantum accuracy. This ADC design has matured over the last decade and already exhibits an impressive spur-free-dynamic range (SFDR) greater than 100 dB and 86 dB signal-to-noise ratio over 10 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. We have also demonstrated extremely low-jitter (< 10 fs) on-chip long Josephson junction clock sources in the 10-50 GHz range. In Phase I, we propose to design, fabricate, and demonstrate a two-input prototype chip integrating two such ADCs with a common clock source, and two on-chip digital decimation filters. In addition, we will develop a multi-chip module scheme for extending this design to multiple (8-16) RF inputs, and to multiple RF bands (HF, VHF, UHF, etc.). Our goal in Phase II is to deliver a set of chips along with the necessary cryogenic and room-temperature hardware for evaluation to SPAWAR System Center.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABORATORIES, INC. 10070 Barnes Canyon Road San Diego, CA 92121
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(858) 373-2770 Dr. Michael Larsen NAVY 07-110 Selected for Award
Title:	Innovative Wideband All Digital Receiver (ADR)
Abstract:	ISL propose to combine state-of-the-art advances in signal processing algorithms and architectures and superconducting electronics to design and fabricate an essentially all-digital receiver (ADR) that will both mitigate the effects of EMI and reduce digital storage requirements. An innovative Analog-to-Information (A-to-I) converter approach will be designed that eliminates many of the redundant bits during the conversion process. The unique aspect of ISL's approach is the use of linear predictive processing in conjunction with implicit non-uniform sampling. Non-uniform sampling is required to incorporate a linear predictor into the concept to achieve data reduction. In this approach, the RF signal from the antenna is bandpass filtered with a pre-selection filter that uses High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) filters in order to define the input bandwidth and suppress out-of-band interference. The difference of the output from the pre-selection filter and the output of the linear prediction filter generates a prediction error signal. For many military systems the single most important piece of prior knowledge is that the desired signals are weak with respect to the other signals within the band. This observation means that in many applications, prediction of the strong signals followed by subtracting them out of the composite in-band signal mix, is an attractive method to reduce the dynamic range of the received signal and thus the number of digital bits required to represent the signal.

S2 CORP. 2310 University WayBuilding 4-1 Bozeman, MT 59715
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(406) 922-0334 Dr. Randy Reibel NAVY 07-110 Selected for Award
Title:	Shipboard Wideband Collection Systems Using an S2-material based Receiver
Abstract:	We propose to design a prototype device to achieve wideband spectral monitoring and direction finding device for 2-4 GHz and 8-12 GHz coverage, simultaneously, based on spectrally selective optical sensor materials. This technology allows for the direct and continuous collection of spectral information from multiple antenna platforms for shipboard and other surveillance applications .

AHLTEK ENTREE WIRELESS 1834 Glasgow Ave Cardiff, CA 92007
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(786) 846-0357 Mr. David R Ahlgren NAVY 07-111 Selected for Award
Title:	Global Information Grid (GIG) Tactical Edge Networks (TEN)
Abstract:	The AhlTek/Cubic Long Reach Drop-in Hotspot (LRDH) concept will revolutionize the manor in which Expanded Maritime Intercept Operations (EMIO) are conducted. With the LRDH enterprise solution, data and voice communications will be conveyed via a mobile airborne wireless mesh network that will allow for rapid dissemination of information to and from warfighters and commanders. LRDH will not only be compatible with existing shipboard networks but will also extend the reach of the Tactical Edge Network (TEN) overall enhancing the Global Information Grid (GIG). By capitalizing on the available commercial products the AhlTek/Cubic team will be able to leverage and enhance these technologies and provide a system that will be able to grow and evolve with the EMIO mission. The LRDH program will utilize small UAVs to allow the system to be utilized by any size warfighter team. With the ability of every team member to have access to a wireless network, the team's efficiency and safety will increase. The AhlTek/Cubic team consists of subject matter experts from all aspects of the project.

COCO COMMUNICATIONS 101 Elliott Ave, WSuite 410 Seattle, WA 98119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 448-1178 Mr. Jeff Meyer NAVY 07-111 Selected for Award
Title:	Global Information Grid (GIG) Tactical Edge Networks (TEN)
Abstract:	CoCo Communications will provide a demonstration of a secure, scalable network protocol to support Tactical Edge Networks as part of the Global Information Grid. This protocol's capabilities will be verified through the use of voice, video and data applications over TEN-A, TEN-B, and TEN-M networks. These applications will demonstrate the two-way sharing of information. Voice, live video, and sensor data will be relayed from the farthest edge of the tactical network back to a central, fixed location. Also, ewb0based information will be relayed from Integrated Shipboard Network Systems applications to the far edge of the network, across multiple, repeated wireless links.

TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC. 10201 Lee HighwaySuite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 691-7790 Ms. Malathi Sekkappan NAVY 07-111 Selected for Award
Title:	Global Information Grid (GIG) Tactical Edge Networks (TEN)
Abstract:	Timely data is critical for decision making to fight the Global War on Terror (GWOT). With the availability of numerous networks and protocols in the market, sharing data among wired and wireless networks securely in real time is complex. Sharing data and voice amongst a network of networks requires robust innovative software that routes Situational Awareness (SA) data and voice reliably and securely. The proposed software application, Situational Awareness For Global Information Grid (SAF-GIG), will provide reliable and secure inter-networking capabilities amongst the network of networks for SA data and voice in near real time. SAF-GIG's innovative approach stores the data/voice locally on ships (with ISNS/ADNS systems) and shore-based user systems, and makes it available for other ships and shore users. The data and its management will be distributed to mitigate any loss of access to data during the mission due to lack of connectivity to a particular user. Trident's approach will ensure flexibility, modularity and use of COTS products. Trident's intention is not to provide a global solution for all warfare requirements for situational awareness, but to implement a framework that can fit into any well-designed information architecture.

XPRT SOLUTIONS, INC. 615 HOPE ROAD, BUILDING 3B EATONTOWN, NJ 07724
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(732) 460-9001 Mr. Junghoon Lee NAVY 07-112 Selected for Award
Title:	Modeling and Simulation for Higher Fidelity of Commercial SATCOM Capability as a Design Aid to the Planning and Decision Making Process.
Abstract:	This proposal is to develop a SATCOM resource model/toolset to provide the military SATCOM community the ability to examine communications systems' performance with respect to achieving maximum data rates for a given set of SATCOM terminals. The model will analyze the transmission capacity of potential SATCOM systems based on the required traffic and other factors including site location, characteristics of terminals and transponders, rain rate statistics, etc. The tool will allow users to allocate SATCOM carriers and assess transponder bandwidth for specific SATCOM products. The efforts for Phase I entail the establishment of a network model for the warfighting scenario that will consider traffic from different classes of services and different message precedence levels. A SATCOM library to support a high fidelity assessment of SATCOM terminals/components will be built within OPNET. The proposed model will consist of three major parts: communications traffic and analysis modeling, SATCOM resource and link analysis modeling, and SATCOM performance assessment modeling. The Phase I effort will apply/consider the technical approaches and analysis methodologies employed in the development of the related SATCOM Network Planning Tool and conclude with a proof-of-concept to demonstrate the functionalities and capabilities of the proposed toolset.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Mr. Merrill Squiers NAVY 07-113 Awarded: 10MAY07
Title:	On the Edge: Hybridized Distributed Storage
Abstract:	In this proposal, we define our approach for researching methods that provide distributed lookup and distribution of files using a variety of existing peer-to-peer networks models. We will need to research and to define the metrics for measuring the relative effectiveness and reliability of the distributed system versus the client/server model. We also must address the issues of security, synchronization, and revocation of data and consider deployment within a DoD context. The conclusion of Phase I, is a presentation of our findings to the sponsor and a notational demonstration that shows some of the real-world deployment issues and solutions of the research.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Shean McMahon NAVY 07-113 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	Linked List Archiving Protocol
Abstract:	To address the U.S. Navy need for hybrid distributed data storage based on peer-to-peer (P2P) design principles, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Linked List Archiving (LILA) P2P-based system with error correction, unique portioning, and flexible load balancing for file distribution. LILA's highly redundant linked list file structure eliminates the central trackers common to existing P2P methods. An innovative dual stage error correction and partitioning routine minimizes file corruption, making LILA fault tolerant. The encryption routines are FIPS 140-2 compliant. LILA imposes minimal network overhead, and is highly available, both advantages of P2P approaches. File distribution is based on load balancing, and a novel priority-sensitive distributed hash table doubles as an indexing and caching routine. LILA innovations will enable the system to perform truly distributed data storage for digital libraries and data archives. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of LILA by developing the core software and implementing a LILA prototype. In Phase II we plan to add duplicate elimination and security to LILA, and optimize the software elements.

POLATIN CORP. 57 Janet Terrace New Hartford, NY 13413
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(315) 797-7125 Dr. John D. Browning NAVY 07-113 Awarded: 09MAY07
Title:	An Optimal Distributed Storage System for Large Network Environments
Abstract:	The research effort described in this proposal is designed to lay the foundation for the development of a massive distributed network storage system. The specific purpose of the proposed work is to determine which features and functionalities in a Peer-to-Peer based architecture are most likely to provide a satisfactory solution to the distributed storage problem. In the course of the analysis we propose to develop a baseline conceptual model of the software architecture and use this as a blueprint for the development of an integrated set of functional models for the system. Using the results of this research, along with the functional prototype models, it should be possible to build optimal distributed storage software tailored for use in large network environments.

---------- DTRA ----------

13 Phase I Selections from the 07.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

GENESIC SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. 25050 Riding PlazaSuite 130-801 South Riding, VA 20152
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(571) 265-7535 Dr. Ranbir Singh DTRA 07-001 Awarded: 31MAY07
Title:	SiC Arrayed Detectors for Fast Neutron Detection
Abstract:	Fast neutron radiography is targeted towards detection of explosives, contraband and for the screening of cargo. The energy discrimination of conventional neutron detection methods is poor and the presence of a gamma-ray background is a major source of interference. In this program, GeneSiC Semiconductor proposes the development of unique and innovative Silicon Carbide neutron detectors using thick ionization layers offer fast response times, invariance to large gamma fluences, and room/high temperature operation. These designs promise optimum neutron response & energy resolution, high speed and large areas. Using a scientific design of experiments methodology, optimization of detector design will be conducted to realize large detection volume, small capacitances, and reasonable bias voltages. A comprehensive study of epitaxial structures, layout designs, termination designs, fabrication methods will be conducted. The fabricated detectors will undergo a detailed testing regimen quantifying the benefits of the developed technology. The degradation of detectors under large gamma fluences will be characterized. This study will pave the way for the realization of large area arrayed SiC neutron detectors in the Phase II of the program with an effective commercialization through partnership with technology and systems integrators, some of who are subcontractors/partners in this program.

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC. 44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 668-6922 Dr. Edgar Van Loef DTRA 07-001 Awarded: 30MAY07
Title:	Scintillation Detector with Fast-Neutron/Gamma ray Discrimination
Abstract:	The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear missiles and "dirty bombs" are a serious threat in the world today and especially to the well-being of the United States. Preventing the spread of these nuclear weapons has reached a state of heightened urgency in recent years, more so since the events on September 11, 2001 and its aftermath. The presence of nuclear weapons can be detected on the basis of the gamma ray and neutron signatures of radioactive isotopes used in nuclear weapons, as for example uranium and plutonium. At present, there is an urgent need for an efficient, solid state detection system that allows for the detection of fast and slow neutrons with the ability to discriminate between neutron with energies En > 1 eV and gamma ray events. Discrimination is critical because gamma-rays are a very common background in a neutron detection environment during the monitoring of special nuclear materials (SNM). The goal of the proposed effort is to investigate new scintillators that are capable of efficient thermal and fast neutron detection while providing effective neutron/gamma-ray discrimination. The discrimination between neutron and gamma-ray events may be based on pulse shape as well as pulse height analysis.

MICHIGAN AEROSPACE CORP. 1777 Highland DriveSuite B Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 975-8777 Ms. Dominique Fourguette DTRA 07-002 Awarded: 07JUN07
Title:	Real-Time Portable Neutron Spectroscopy
Abstract:	One of the critical gaps in homeland security is the inability to efficiently detect and identify kilogram-size samples of Special Nuclear Materials (SNM, uranium and transuranic elements). Unlike other forms of radiation produced by SNM (e.g. gamma rays), penetrating neutron emission is unique to fissionable material and difficult to obscure with passive shielding. The current state-of-the-art in neutron detection is not suitable for field applications. Michigan Aerospace Corporation, in collaboration with Professor James Ryan and his group at University of New Hampshire, proposes to develop a compact, light weight neutron spectroscopy instrument. This instrument, based on the successful Fast Neutron Imaging Telescope prototype, will be sensitive to neutron energies < 1 Mev, and will have a response time suitable for identification of materials both in passive and active interrogation. The proposed instrument is based on the Fast Neutron Imaging Telescope (FNIT), a Position Sensitive Plastic Scintillator Detector conceived and developed at the University of New Hampshire for the Inner Heliospheric Sentinels program. Such a neutron imaging device is highly suitable for locating SNM by detecting fission neutrons and reconstructing images of their source. The instrument will be able to locate a neutron point source and report the fission spectrum.

ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORP. 626 Whitney Street San Leandro, CA 94577
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(510) 483-4156 Dr. Brian Bures DTRA 07-003 Awarded: 06JUN07
Title:	Active Interrogation for Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) Detection Experimental Study
Abstract:	AASC's objective is to mitigate the risk of implementing an active interrogation system based upon time of flight measurements. A fast pulse neutron source is a critical component of a time of flight system even at large stand off. This program directly addresses means to control the probe radiation pulse in a fast neutron source. In some concept of operations, pulse width is a larger concern than overall neutron yield per pulse.

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC. 44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 668-6800 Dr. Michael Squillante DTRA 07-003 Awarded: 14JUN07
Title:	Active Interrogation System for Detecting and Identifying SNM
Abstract:	Active interrogation holds the most promise for detecting heavily shielded materials at a distance. This effort will use pulsed neutron excitation of fission reactions in the target being inspected in conjunction with an imaging detector. Special nuclear material (SNM) that is present will undergo fission reactions that generate prompt and delayed neutrons which will be emitted by the target. The presence of emitted neutrons will indicate that SNM may be present. Recording the time course of the delayed neutron emissions will provide additional information about the target identity. We will examine the design and construction of a complete active interrogation system including a compact neutron generator and fast neutron imaging detector. Imaging offers several significant advantages: interrogating the entire target simultaneously, improving the signal-to-background ratio, and distinguishing between real threats and false alarms. The system will be based on an RF-Plasma neutron generator design from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and the fast neutron imaging telescope (FNIT) being developed at the University of New Hampshire.

BOSTON APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 6F Gill Street Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-2800 Ms. Yanyun Wang DTRA 07-004 Awarded: 05JUN07
Title:	Nanocomposite Scintillator for Detection of Nuclear Radiation
Abstract:	Recent advances in scintillator materials research have resulted in the development of lanthanum halides detectors. These detectors offer improved energy resolution, faster emission and excellent temperature dependency and linearity characteristics. However, the lanthanum halides crystals have not yet been grown to preferred large sizes. Moreover, this material possesses a fatal drawback of being high hygroscopic, which makes its processing and handling difficult. In this project, Boston Applied Technologies, Inc. (BATi) proposes to synthesize a transparent nanocomposite of lanthanum halides scintillator materials. A salted sol-gel (SSG) method, which has been developed recently for producing nano-phosphors in our lab, will be used to synthesize the nanocomposites. This novel lanthanum halides nanocomposite scintillator will provide a low-cost, large-volume, high performance scintillators to meet the DoD requirement for field ruggedness and adverse operating environments.

CERMET, INC. 1019 Collier RoadSuite C1 Atlanta, GA 30318
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(404) 351-0005 Dr. Varatharajan Rengarajan DTRA 07-004 Awarded: 25MAY07
Title:	High Efficient Photodetectors
Abstract:	The goal of this effort is to demonstrate an high efficient photodetector to replace the conventional photo multiplier tubes (PMT) in gamma radiation detection process. In the proposed effort. Cermet will grow and fabricate ZnO based photodetectors for the detector of scintillated light in the wavelength region between 340 and 430nm. The proposed technology will bring an improved, high efficient photodetector to the market place

RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC. 44 Hunt Street Watertown, MA 02472
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 668-6800 Dr. Vivek Nagarkar DTRA 07-004 Awarded: 14JUN07
Title:	Improvements in Scintillation Technology for Detection of Nuclear Radiation
Abstract:	High-resolution scintillation crystals and crystal arrays are important components of current and future handheld and arrayed detectors (used for DOD applications) and scintillation spectrometers (routinely used in high energy physics research, medical imaging, diffraction, homeland security, nuclear waste clean-up, nuclear treaty verification and safeguards, and geological exploration). Unfortunately, the properties of current scintillators often limit the performance of such systems, so in order to fulfill the needs of their many exciting and demanding applications, advances in scintillator technology are necessary. Specifically, scintillators that simultaneously produce high light output, high stopping efficiency, fast response, high energy and timing resolution, good proportionality, and low cost are needed. We therefore propose to develop a novel semiconductor scintillator that promises to produce up to a three-fold increase in light yield compared to some of today's brightest scintillators, high gamma ray absorption, fast decay without afterglow, emission in the wavelength range most suitable for readout sensors, and orders of magnitude higher radiation resistance than current scintillators. For large volume, cost effective manufacturing, powder consolidation techniques will be used to fabricate this transparent optical ceramic scintillator. Our Phase I goals include demonstrating the feasibility of growing this ceramic and characterizing its performance relative to current state-of-the-art scintillators.

MICROELECTRONICS RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. 4775 Centennial Avenue, Suite 130 Colorado Springs, CO 80919
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(505) 507-0542 Mrs. David G. Mavis DTRA 07-005 Awarded: 23MAY07
Title:	SEE Modeling and Mitigation in Ultra-Deep Submicron Microelectronics
Abstract:	As technology feature sizes decrease, single event upset (SEU), digital single event transient (DSET), and multiple bit upset (MBU) effects dominate the radiation response of microcircuits. Recent test circuits and test methods have quantified the pulse widths of DSETs generated from heavy-ion strikes on critical microcircuit nodes. These pulse widths have proven to be much larger than previously thought, which substantiates the importance of DSET induced errors to the soft error rate (SER) of modern microcircuits. We apply new circuit SEE modeling approaches which couple the circuit response to the charge collection mechanisms. Our approach uses standard SPICE circuit elements, is easily calibrated, and runs as fast as conventional current injection simulations. This enables efficient and cost effective SEE simulation of advanced microcircuits. New mitigation approaches are proposed to improve the heavy-ion response of ultra-deep submicron integrated circuits. These approaches are minimally invasive to existing fabrication processes and can be transparently applied to existing bulk CMOS microcircuit layouts. The proposed methods include process modifications, design hardening techniques, and substrate engineering approaches.

ORORA DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 17371 NE 67th CourtSuite 205 Redmond, WA 98052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(425) 702-9196 Mr. Jeremy Popp DTRA 07-005 Awarded: 06JUN07
Title:	The Characterization and Mitigation of Single Event Effects in Ultra-Deep Submicron (< 90nm) Microelectronics
Abstract:	Orora Design Technologies proposes the development of minimally invasive circuit design-based methods to mitigate single event effects (SEEs) in next generation Ultra-DSM CMOS (<90nm) circuits for space-based applications. Novel robust circuit modeling and simulation techniques will be developed and demonstrated which will allow circuit designers to quickly identify sensitive SEE circuitry, characterize the SEE sensitivity, and automatically insert the minimally invasive SEE mitigation into complex circuit designs, and then optimize the performance of an ultra-DSM circuit while meeting the radiation-hardness requirements with the minimal area and performance overhead. The SEE design-based mitigation methods, as well as enabling modeling, simulation and optimization techniques, will be implemented as electronic design automation (EDA) tools integrated into industry standard design environments with automated design flows. The proposed tool development will be driven by, and validated against, several 90nm and below real circuits from a collaborative project with Boeing Solid-State Electronics Development for satellite systems.

SA PHOTONICS 650 5th StreetSuite 505 San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(415) 977-0553 Mr. James F. Coward DTRA 07-007 Awarded: 06JUN07
Title:	Sensor for Electromagnetic Threats
Abstract:	SA Photonics is pleased to propose a program to develop an electromagnetic threat warning sensor. The innovative electro-optic high power microwave sensor boosts 10x sensitivity compared to standard LiNbO3 sensors and has extremely high damage threshold. The sensor system consists of a series of multi-electrode array probes, wideband optical pickup circuitry and a sophisticated digital processing unit. A fiber optic link between the sensors and the pickup circuitry/processing unit allows the placement of the electronics at heavily shielded environment to for enhanced reliability. The sensor array not only ensures low false alarm rate but also provides angle of arrival estimation of the incoming electromagnetic threats.

INTELLIGENT FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS CORP. 2363 Calle Del Mundo Santa Clara, CA 95054
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 565-9004 Dr. Behzad Moslehi DTRA 07-010 Awarded: 29MAY07
Title:	Measuring Residual Concrete Strength After Penetration and Blast
Abstract:	Intelligent Fiber Optic Systems (IFOS) proposes to investigate the feasibility of developing an innovative high-speed low-cost real-time monitoring solution based on embedding a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor network in reinforced concrete. The concrete condition can be directly measured and remotely monitored in real time through a fiber link. The primary objective in Phase I is to determine the feasibility of employing embedded FBG sensor network for monitoring the breakup of reinforced concrete (RC) during weapon impacts and for monitoring the real time progression of target penetrators within slabs during strikes. IFOS will also demonstrate that these FBG sensors can survive through initial impact while yielding meaningful information up to the very last microsecond before total destruction. This final capability will allow proper data analysis to predict the residual strength of target structures in relation to strain measurements during and after impact. Even when the slab is heavily damaged, the broken fiber sensor array can be separately spliced and reconnected to yield useful information cost-effectively. IFOS proposes to develop smart algorithms to be programmed into the monitoring process making for corrections and determining given penetration depths for varying structure densities according to real-time data.

WEIDLINGER ASSOC., INC. 375 Hudson St FL 12 New York, NY 10014
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(650) 230-0331 Mr. David Vaughan DTRA 07-011 Awarded: 30MAY07
Title:	Novel Methods to Measure Penetrator Dynamics in Multi-Layer Geometries
Abstract:	This proposal describes an approach to meeting DTRA's goals of improving sensor technology for penetrating weapons. Weidlinger Associates Inc. (WAI) has significant experience in the design and use of ultrasound technologies for a broad range of end-use applications. WAI is also familiar with the terradynamic issues related to penetrators and the targeting aspects through its work in Hard Target Defeat projects over the last ten years. WAI proposes to combine its expertise in impact and penetration dynamics and in ultrasonic/acoustic sensors design to develop an effective acoustic sensor design for penetrating weapons during this Phase I effort. The sensor will provide measurement data that will contribute to (a) distinquishing the acoustic signature of different materials during penetration, (b) quantifying the operating environment (frequencies, noise levels, etc.) of sensors onboard a penetrator and (c) guide improvements in the acoustic sensor's design in later development phases.

---------- CBD ----------

19 Phase I Selections from the 07.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

METSS CORP. 300 Westdale Avenue Westerville, OH 43082
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 797-2200 Dr. Kenneth J. Heater CBD 07-101 Awarded: 08MAY07
Title:	Sequencing of Multiple Chemical/Biological Aircraft Decontamination Agents
Abstract:	The DoD is interested in the development and demonstration of large frame aircraft decontamination processes that are capable of completely detoxifying both chemical and biological warfare agents without increasing susceptibility to corrosion or adversely affecting the performance, properties, or appearance of aircraft materials. Candidate decontamination processes may include processes like Hot Soapy Water (HSW), Cold Plasma treatment, Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP), modified VHP (mVHP), DF-200, Decon Green, Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment and Hot Air Decontamination (HAD). Individually, these decontaminants show varying degrees of promise, but field implementation issues, the ability to achieve complete decontamination, excessive off gassing, and materials compatibility continue to be major concerns. It is postulated, that a combination of existing and/or emerging technologies could be utilized in a more effective manner to support complete CB destruction while minimizing adverse effects on aircraft materials, subsystems and operations. Under the proposed SBIR program, METSS will provide a review of candidate decontaminant technologies and experimentally evaluate/demonstrate the efficacy of select decontaminant materials and/or processes to effectively decontaminate aircraft surfaces with minimum impact on aircraft materials.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2355 Dr. William L. Bell CBD 07-102 Awarded: 18MAY07
Title:	Immediate Biodecon System
Abstract:	Surfaces of military vehicles and equipment that are contaminated with biological warfare (BW) agents must be rapidly decontaminated to maintain operational tempo. Unfortunately, all of the current biodecontamination technologies have significant disadvantages, such as limited storage stability, or require hazardous materials that cannot be readily transported. A biodecon system should also effectively decontaminate chemical warfare (CW) agents TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) proposes to develop an effective and readily transportable system for immediate biodecon of contaminated surfaces. Tests have already proven that TDA's system is effective against CW agents, and work in this project will adapt it to decontaminate biological threats as well. TDA's system uses materials that are stable on storage and produces no hazardous residue. In Phase I TDA will conduct tests with surrogates for BW agents to demonstrate the feasibility of the system, and will conduct an engineering analysis to estimate its size and cost in production.

K&M ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. 2557 Production Road Virginia Beach, VA 23454
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(757) 431-2260 Dr. Ed Locke CBD 07-103 Awarded: 18MAY07
Title:	Generic Adsorptive Carbon Residual Life Indicator
Abstract:	Carbon based filtration technologies have several known modes of degradation and failure including adsorption of chemical contaminants, adsorption of environmental pollutants and operational interferents, repeated moisture condensation, and moisture vapor adsorption. In unknown hazardous environments, the ultimate End-of-Service-Life Indicator (ESLI)/Residual Life Indicator (RLI) for critical Individual Protection equipment is one that is capable of non-selectively detecting the adsorption of any chemical or biological agent in the various filter media used in these technologies. Leveraging on experience in the development and commercialization of agent-specific ESLIs and flow dynamics in filter media, a next-generation approach to RLI sensors will be adapted to respirator cartridges to monitor the performance capabilities of ASZM-TEDA carbon media independent of the type of agents present. This technology will lend itself to autonomous monitoring of respirator sorptive media and has the potential for being ruggedized for extensive field use in multiple filtration-based applications.

VIBRATESS 221 Cottonwood Dr. Barboursville, VA 22923
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(434) 985-7459 Dr. Tatyana Khromova CBD 07-104 Awarded: 22MAY07
Title:	Spectroscopic Imaging Technology for THz Biosensor Integrated with a Lab-on-Chip Platform
Abstract:	In this Phase I SBIR project we propose a new imaging mechanism for sub-wavelength THz spectroscopy based on a very strong enhancement of electromagnetic field of the THz radiation at the edges of periodic semiconductor structure. Our recent theoretical study showed THz radiation power enhancement ~1100 with the half power width around the slot edges ~500 nm. Such strongly enhanced local electromagnetic field can potentially be used for the development of novel biophotonic spectroscopic and imaging sensors with increased radiation coupling to biomaterial, leading to a substantial increase in detection sensitivity and spatial resolution and allowing THz spectroscopy and imaging at the micron-submicron scale. The major goal of this phase I of SPIR project will be to confirm experimentally the expected effect of increasing electric field in a nanosize regions and to demonstrate the feasibility of application a proposed imaging mechanism integrated with a "lab-on-a chip" device for subwavelength THz spectroscopic microscope. The other goal of the proposed project is to improve controlled conditions for more uniformed orientation of biological materials. The initial phase I of SPIR project will include preliminary experimental investigations of fluidic-chip processing of biomaterials and/or bio agents. In the phase II of SBIR project, the proposed imaging technology will be further optimized and will be integrated into a pre-existing or a new developed fluidic platform to be used in THz spectroscopy and microscopy.

VOXTEL, INC. 12725 SW Millikan WaySuite 230 Beaverton, OR 97005
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(971) 223-5646 Mr. George M. Williams CBD 07-105 Selected for Award
Title:	Enhanced Capability Point Combined Bio and Chem Sensor
Abstract:	Many chemical agents have unique absorption spectra in the 9-to-11μm wavelength range, and sufficient absorption cross sections for detection at trace concentration levels. In this proposal, a short standoff range LWIR DISC LIDAR will be developed, providing comprehensive chemical and biological standoff detection, as well as MWIR detection of industrial chemicals. The LIDAR is based on a 1 mm diameter electron-initiated avalanche photodiode (eAPD) with an approximate 5 MHz bandwidth. The advantage of an eAPD over a conventional photodiode is that a narrowband filter can be used to reduce background to the level of the amplifier. The HgCdTe eAPD, with its noiseless gain, provides the opportunity to operate at high frequencies and over a wide spectral range, with greater sensitivity than a system based on a photodiode alone. HgCdTe APDs operate at low voltage, and have shown to have excellent uniformity and good yields. Exponential-gain values well in excess of 1,000 have been obtained in HgCdTe APDs with essentially zero avalanche-induced noise. In Phase I, we will design an HgCdTe APD based DISC LIDAR system, demonstrate infrared HgCdTe APD performance, and demonstrate the technologies necessary for a Phase II system development and demonstration program.

LI CREATIVE TECHNOLOGIES 30 A Vreeland Road, Suite 130 Florham Park, NJ 07932
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(973) 822-0048 Dr. Qi (Peter) Li CBD 07-106 Awarded: 01MAY07
Title:	Automated Objective Speech Intelligibility Assessment System
Abstract:	Based on our successful experiences in automatic speech recognition, we propose a unique and promising solution for the automated objective speech intelligibility assessment system. It consists of a pair of head and torso simulators placed at the same distance as typical face-to-face communication, a power amplifier, a laptop computer, a speech recognizer, and console software. The simulator has acoustic properties similar to those of a human and can wear any kinds of masks that need to be tested. During the test, pre-recorded speech is played from the loudspeaker installed in one simulator's mouth and picked up by the microphone in another's ear. Recorded speech signals are then sent to an automatic speech recognizer in a laptop. The speech intelligibility is represented as a score associated with the speech recognition accuracy. Special techniques are proposed to address the challenges in robust speech recognition and to ensure the success of this project.

ATMOSPHERIC & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, INC. 131 Hartwell Avenue Lexington, MA 02421
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 761-2315 Mr. Sean Mackay CBD 07-108 Selected for Award
Title:	Heterogeneous CB Sensor Network Modeling Tool
Abstract:	While individual instances of Chemical/Biological (CB) detection sensor technology development have progressed steadily, deficiencies remain. An integrated multi-sensor network for CB detection is a promising concept for improving performance. New development is needed to address the complex challenge of how to optimally deploy and evaluate CB sensor networks to ensure maximum utility against an ensemble of possible release scenarios. This problem is complicated by elements including: a broad range of disparate CB sensor technologies, a lack of standard sensor performance metrics, quantification of multi-sensor performance, complex terrain, and undetermined release time and/or location. This proposal describes an innovative concept to address the general challenge of CB deployment and evaluation through an integrated use of historical weather data, CB sensor performance characteristics representation, physical plume modeling, and an extendable sensor array allocation and evaluation algorithm.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES, INC. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 689-0003 Dr. Bogdan R. Cosofret CBD 07-108 Awarded: 08JUN07
Title:	CB Sensor Network Architecture Development Tool for Improved Probability of Cloud Intercept
Abstract:	Physical Sciences Inc. proposes to develop a software tool that is capable of defining the selection, composition, and placement of a constellation of standoff and point sensors for the protection of base facilities and forces deployed in the field. The constellation will be defined using an algorithm that optimizes the collective performance of the constituent sensors as a function of deployment need, geography, weather, threat models and required warning times. The approach is based on models that address coverage optimization under the constraint of sensor performance characteristics. Individual sensor performance data such as Pd and Pfa are generated based on known sensitivity, selectivity, vulnerability, and propensities for false alarm for each individual sensor due to likely environmental factors influencing the mission. The sensors to be incorporated in the model are represented by Point (LCD-3 for chemical detection and BAWS for bio detection) and Standoff (JSLSCAD/AIRIS-WAD for chemical detection and JSBSDS UV fluorescence and backscatter LIDAR for bio detection). The outcome will be a sensor deployment plan derived from simulations of CB cloud dispersion and sensor performance in a variety of battlespace conditions. The software tool will provide the end-user with a network performance prediction and confidence assessment on reported detections.

CAMBRIDGE ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. 58 Charles Street Cambridge, MA 02141
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 225-0810 Dr. Stephen G. Zemba CBD 07-109 Awarded: 10APR07
Title:	Source Term Model for Fine Particles off Indoor Surfaces
Abstract:	Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for predicting the dispersion of chemicals and biological (CB) agents in indoor environments. Unfortunately, techniques to specify CB emissions as input to CFD simulations lack in sophistication. Adequate models are not available for many important CB emission processes. Particle resuspension from surfaces, particularly relevant to CB agents such as Anthrax, will be researched to develop models appropriate for CFD-based dispersion simulations. Phase I research will identify existing information relevant to indoor particle resuspension that will be used to develop source term models (STMs) capable of predicting particle resuspension rates. STM formulations will likely consider physical parameters such as particle size, surface characteristics such as roughness height, flow parameters such as turbulence intensity and shear stress, and particle-surface interactions such as electrostatic forces. Predictions of the STMs will be evaluated against measured particle fluxes available in existing resuspension studies. Preliminary demonstration of STM capabilities will be made through limited CFD simulations, and data gaps will be identified for further testing and evaluation in Phase II research.

TRITON SYSTEMS, INC. 200 TURNPIKE ROAD CHELMSFORD, MA 01824
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(978) 250-4200 Dr. Yoojeong Kim CBD 07-109 Awarded: 04APR07
Title:	Source Term Model for Fine Particle Resuspension from Indoor Surfaces(1001-033)
Abstract:	Airborne chemical and biological (CB) agents released in one section of a building travel via the building's heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and disperse throughout the building, while undergoing deposition and resuspension recurrently. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been employed to simulate dispersion of CB agents in a building through HVAC systems. How well the simulation result would match the actual dispersion profile of CB agents depends on the accuracies of models describing the physical phenomena such as aerodynamic characteristics of CB agents and fluid motions through HVAC systems. One of the important, but not well established, factors is the resuspension mechanism of fine particles. Currently, resuspension models used are simple and, especially, not adequate for describing short-term resuspension which is important in indoor environments. Triton Systems, Inc. proposes to develop a model that characterizes indoor resuspension appropriately to be used in conjunction with CFD simulation for the CB agent dispersion in a building.

LUNA INNOVATIONS, INC. 1703 S Jefferson Street, SWSuite 400 Roanoke, VA 24016
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(540) 552-5128 Dr. Ulli Becker CBD 07-110 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Self Sanitizing Thin Films Using Discrete Toxicant/Germinant Surface Features
Abstract:	With global terrorism on the rise, there is an increasing need to develop self sanitizing surfaces and surface treatments with maximum potential to kill biological organisms in order to minimize hazard to human health. Luna Innovations proposes the creation of self sanitizing films that can be used as protective overcoats to destroy bacterial quickly and prevent human infection without the need for expensive decontamination processes. This phase I program will demonstrate a coating system that will effectively destroy biological agents while having the mechanical durability for extended service life. The technology developed on this program will minimize hazard to human health in both military and civilian applications.

AGAVE BIOSYSTEMS, INC. P.O. Box 80010 Austin, TX 78708
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(607) 272-0002 Dr. Joel Tabb CBD 07-111 Awarded: 03MAY07
Title:	Carbon Nanotube-Based Filters for Aerosol Sample Collection
Abstract:	Aerosols represent one of the more efficient methods to distribute biological and chemical agents throughout the atmosphere. Small aerosol droplets can be readily inhaled and easily penetrate deep into the lungs where they lodge in bronchial alveoli. Within the alveoli, chemical and biological agents can breach epithelial and endothelial cell layers and enter the bloodstream, where they cause damage and disease. Rapid collection and analysis of aerosols containing potential biological and chemical threat agents will be essential in determining the nature of the threat agents as well as planning measures to combat and neutralize these threats. In this Phase I program, Agave BioSystems, in collaboration with Dr. Randy Vander Wal of the University Space Research Association, proposes to develop a novel aerosol collection system based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized directly on stainless steel (SS) mesh. The high surface area, structural robustness and inert nature of CNTs grown on SS mesh make them ideal for use in such an aerosol collection system.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Photonic Systems Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Anna Asanbaeva CBD 07-112 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Respiratory Function Measurement System for Nonhuman Primates
Abstract:	To address the CBD need for a real-time measurement system for nonhuman primate and rabbit respiratory tidal volumes suitable for a Class 3 biological safety (BSL-3) cabinet, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Respiratory Function Measurement (RFM) system. This system is based on a piezoelectric transducer that responds to pressure generated by the animal's thoracic cage during respiration. The innovative system architecture, with an accurately positioned piezoelectric transducer, wireless data transmission, and materials compatible with formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide gases, will enable the RFM system to accurately measure, the respiratory parameters of animals during aerosol exposure inside a BSL-3 cabinet and display the data on a PC outside the cabinet in real time. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of a RFM system by developing a design and concept for real-time output of tidal volume, respiration frequency, and minute volume; evaluating its suitability for formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide gas decontamination; and showing its functionality in a BSL-3 cabinet through testing of a system prototype. In Phase II POC will develop a fully functional engineering prototype and test it before and after decontamination.

STRATATECH CORP. 505 S. Rosa Road, Suite 169 Madison, WI 53704
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(608) 441-2750 Dr. Barry Steiglitz CBD 07-113 Awarded: 18MAY07
Title:	Development of a Field-Ready Antimicrobial Wound Dressing for the Treatment of Vesicant Burns
Abstract:	Cutaneous wounds, such as those resulting from vesicant exposure and thermal injuries, provide an ideal environment for bacterial growth and the complications stemming from wound sepsis. The availability of ready-to-use, antimicrobial skin substitutes that are readily deployed in the field would provide immediate wound closure and reduce the incidence of infection in these wounds. To address these needs, Stratatech Corporation is developing a field-ready, tissue engineered antimicrobial therapeutic called EpiReadyDefenseT for treatment of vesicant, thermal and traumatic cutaneous injuries. This product is designed to contain elevated levels of naturally-occurring antimicrobial peptides in the context of a fully-stratified skin substitute that is ready to use and stable at ambient temperatures. During Phase I of the project, procedures will be developed to format Stratatech's existing antimicrobial skin substitute for ambient storage. Efforts will focus on preserving tissue architecture and strength, as well as maintaining the antimicrobial properties required in the final product. In Phase II, the antimicrobial properties of EpiReadyDefenseT will be determined in an established animal model of burn wound infection. Phase II studies will also include preclinical safety studies that will be required to support ultimate clinical evaluation and approval of EpiReadyDefenseT tissue.

CFD RESEARCH CORP. 215 Wynn Dr., 5th Floor Huntsville, AL 35805
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(256) 726-4800 Dr. Jerry Jenkins CBD 07-114 Awarded: 19APR07
Title:	Development of a Database Management System to Enable Rapid, Efficient Assay Design for Use in Detection and Diagnosis of Human Exposure to Biological Threats
Abstract:	The primary objective of this effort is to design and develop a database management system (DBMS) and enable the integrated interpretation of the vast amounts of genomic and proteomic data in proper biological context. This DBMS will enable the development of diagnostic assays for human exposure to specific biological threat agents using an existing suite of systems biology tools. The DBMS design will be clearly described, and it will manage diverse data types based on the principles of minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME). Demonstration of the database for data storage/retrieval/querying will be performed with an example assay design using the systems biology approach to interpret biological data in context. Successful completion of the Phase I effort will generate a DBMS containing a suite of tools enabling analysis from a systems biology-centered approach, providing a rational basis for designing assays. In Phase II, the project scope will be expanded to include additional data types, a GUI, links to relevant online databases, and validation of the systems biology centered methodologies will be undertaken. A multi-disciplinary team has been assembled, and this project will benefit from multiple, ongoing efforts utilizing in-house systems biology tools to understand cellular response to neurotoxins.

VECNA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 5004 Lehigh Avenue College Park, MD 20740
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(240) 737-1625 Dr. Christopher Larsen CBD 07-114 Awarded: 08MAY07
Title:	Development of an Integrated Database Management System for Biodefense Research
Abstract:	This Phase I SBIR grant proposal is submitted in response to the need for a database resource that can house, import, query, and manage data from diagnostics related to biological threat detection. Such a project for military force health protection requires the creation of a flexible, relational database resource, with dedicated import tools, query systems, and data management tools. This proposal focuses on threat detection, species identification, and data management. It addresses organisms such as Anthrax, Clostridium, Yersinia, Variola, Francisella, Ebolavirus, Lassavirus, Brucella, Salmonella, E. coli, Coxiella, Burkholderia, Vibrio, Cryptosporidium, Ricinus, Rickettsia, encephalitis virii, and others. We will build a robust, extensible web application and relational database resource, called BioDefBase(TM), which uses novel biological computational analysis tools, and is focused on data used to identify pathogens, such as that from microarrays, host expression response assays, protein arrays, PCR experiments, and immunological approaches such as ELISA. The BioDefBase analysis tools will be focused on specific data types, and on visualizations designed to assist the scientist and technician in assay interpretation, experiment design, pathogen identification, and threat detection. With the creation of BioDefBase, researchers and technicians will have a flexible database solution to store, search, manage, and maintain diagnostic bioassay data.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Michael G. Izenson CBD 07-115 Awarded: 01JUN07
Title:	Lightweight, Efficient Blower for Personal Air Ventilation System
Abstract:	A personal air ventilation system (PAVS) has the potential to dramatically improve the environment inside chemical/biological protective clothing. However, existing air blowers that can produce the flow rate and pressure drop required for a PAVS are too heavy and inefficient for use in a man-portable system. We propose to develop an innovative blower that can provide the required flow rate and pressure rise performance and meet the Army's challenging specifications. In Phase I we will prove the feasibility of our approach by comparing and trading off potential blower technologies and selecting the optimal technology. In Phase II we will design, build, and test the PAVS and deliver three prototype systems for testing in relevant environments.

RINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 582 South Econ Circle Oviedo, FL 32765
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 359-7138 Dr. Daniel P. Rini CBD 07-115 Awarded: 24APR07
Title:	Centrifugal Blower for Personal Air Ventilation System (PAVS)
Abstract:	Clothing that protects Special Reaction Teams from chemical, biological, and nuclear threats can subject the individuals to heat stress. These hazardous environments require the use of PPE with level A protection for several hours, which can diminish the body's ability to reject heat, leading to symptoms ranging from muscular weakness, dizziness and physical discomfort to more severe, life-threatening conditions such as heat exhaustion or heat stroke. RTI proposes to develop a miniature centrifugal blower for a personal air ventilation system (PAVS), which uses an innovative centrifugal blower with novel aerodynamic features that contribute to performance, reliability, size and weight that is currently not possible from conventional designs. Specifically, the proposed centrifugal blower rotating at 25000 RPM will provide 10 cfm of air with a pressure head equivalent to 5 inches of water, and will consume 14 W of electrical power. The blower (including the motor, associated battery and electronics) will be cylindrical in shape: 2 inches in diameter and 8 inches in length for an overall volume of 25 cubic inches. The overall weight will be 1.5 lbs. The Phase I effort will concentrate analytical design, optimization through computation and rapid prototype through stereolithography. Phase I option will focus on acquisition of the appropriate motor and its performance evaluation at the required operating point. Precise fabrication, detailed performance testing and integration with appropriate filtration module and uniform would be performed in Phase II.

ENERTECHNIX, INC. 23616 SE 225th StreetP.O. Box 469 Maple Valley, WA 98038
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(206) 251-2505 Dr. Peter Ariessohn CBD 07-116 Awarded: 11MAY07
Title:	Omni-Directional, Wind and Water Tolerant Inlet for the DFU
Abstract:	In the proposed project, Enertechnix will develop optimized designs for an improved inlet for the Dry Filter Unit (DFU) capable of achieving high collection efficiencies for particles between 1 and 20 microns in diameter while functioning reliably on board naval vessels. This new inlet will be insensitive to wind direction and speed and will be tolerant of harsh weather and wave conditions. By incorporating a novel aerodynamic lens array aerosol concentrator, the proposed inlet will substantially reduce the power requirements of the DFU and allow the use of a much smaller blower while maintaining the current sampling rate. In Phase I, Enertechnix will perform extensive 2- and 3-dimensional CFD modeling to identify designs for the individual sections of the inlet that build upon a design developed by one of our collaborators (Prof. Virgil Marple at the University of Minnesota). Prof. Marple's design has been demonstrated to have significantly better performance than the existing inlet but is susceptible to water infiltration. In the Phase I Option period, Enertechnix will model the complete inlet, will identify suitable low-cost fabrication methods and will develop a design for an experimental prototype to be tested in Phase II.

---------- OSD ----------

36 Phase I Selections from the 07.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

ENERGY CONCEPTS CO., LLC 627 Ridgely Ave. Annapolis, MD 21401
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(410) 266-6521 Mr. Donald C. Erickson OSD 07-ES1 Awarded: 05/11/07
Title:	Portable Cogeneration of Power and Waste Heat Actuated Cooling
Abstract:	As the Department of Defense develops more complex weapons, electronics and computer platforms, there is an increasing demand for both power and cooling. Existing portable means for providing power and cooling in a battlefield environment are too heavy, too noisy, and too fuel-inefficient. A portable cogeneration system is to be conceptualized and designed which meets DoD requirements: 5 kW electricity, and 10 kW cooling in a light weight, low noise package, fueled by JP-8. This effort will integrate an advanced generator with an advanced waste heat actuated cooler. The generator will likely be an external combustion device, e.g. a free piston Stirling engine, and the cooler will likely be an ammonia absorption refrigeration unit. Both of those technologies are sufficiently developed and exhibit the requisite capabilities and characteristics for this application. The Phase I design effort will be based upon levels of performance known to be achievable with the selected technologies. It will produce a design which is ready for fabrication and testing in Phase II.

M-DOT AEROSPACE 3418 South 48th Street, Suite 3 Phoenix, AZ 85040
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 752-1911 Mr. Hugh Spilsbury OSD 07-ES1 Awarded: 04/13/07
Title:	Portable Cogeneration of Power and Cooling
Abstract:	Proposed is a combined electric power and cooling system that shares a common proprietary working fluid. Employing this fluid enables practical application of both systems in a combined unit. The entire self-contained system will weigh roughly 164 lbs and thus will be 4-person carryable and easily placed in a helicopter or ground vehicle. The only discernable noise is likely to be from the external heavy fuel (JP-8) burner and electric cooling fans all of which will be muffled. In Phase I, thermodynamic analyses will be conducted, power conditioning specified and a preliminary system design generated. Existing hardware will be tested in Phase I to measure performance and noise. M-DOT will be teamed with Arizona Public Service, the largest electric utility in the State, who will provide guidance in system design with the intent of eventually participating in commercial transition of a successful Phase II design. Light Engineering will participate with their advanced alternator design. The low peak temperature, external firing and ultra-quiet operation make the system optimum for transition to solar supplemented power. The Phase I program will provide sufficient design basis to enable fabrication and test of a prototype system in Phase II.

MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP. 200 Yellow PlacePines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(321) 631-3550 Dr. Robert P. Scaringe OSD 07-ES1 Awarded: 04/16/07
Title:	Demonstration of a Fuel-Efficient, Low-Noise Combined Electric Power and Cooling Cogeneration system for Shelters
Abstract:	Mainstream is ideally suited for this proposed effort with more than 20 years of experience in the development of advanced environmental control units and more than 15 years of experience in the development of JP-8-fueled generators. This proposal contains a detailed analysis of power generation and cooling alternatives, as well as the identification of the optimum approach if the cooling load is 10 kW and the electrical power load is either 5 kWe as requested or higher such as 20 kWe. The proposal discusses how the desired quantity of electrical power affects the selection. Having already identified the optimum system in the proposal, the goal of the Phase I effort is to experimentally demonstrate that this system will exceed the noise and weight criterion, while dramatically reducing fuel consumption. Since Mainstream has been pursuing this technology on internally funded research and development , the Phase I effort will provide a design of the entire co-generation system, as well as experimental performance data to verify the system design and confirm the performance claims. This will dramatically reduce the risk in Phase II and will allow Phase II to focus on extensive field tests, life-testing, and re-design as needed after field testing.

TIAX LLC 15 Acorn Park Cambridge, MA 02140
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(617) 498-5438 Dr. Kingston Owens OSD 07-ES1 Awarded: 04/24/07
Title:	Portable Cogeneration of Power and Cooling
Abstract:	The escalating use of electronic equipment on the battlefield requires increasing amounts of field deployable electric power. Air conditioning is required when these systems are used in warm environments. A quiet, efficient, and low exhaust emissions electric generator to provide mission power and additional power for air conditioning is needed. TIAX proposes to reconfigure its free piston Stirling engine (FPSE) design to provide sufficient electrical power for the 5 kW of 120 VAC, 60 Hz mission load and reserve power for an air conditioning (AC) unit capable of providing 10 kW of cooling at an ambient temperature of 140 F. The fuel for the power/AC package will be JP-8, leveraging TIAX's existing JP-8 burner technology. A primary concern for military applications is total fuel consumption. We will evaluate system efficiency based on delivered cooling power to input fuel usage. A survey of existing cooling technologies will be performed to identify candidate AC units that are light, efficient, and capable of reasonably efficient operation at 140 F ambient temperature. Based on the results of the survey, a Stirling generator will be sized and designed to meet the electrical load and acoustic emissions requirements.

YANKEE SCIENTIFIC, INC. 93 West St. Medfield, MA 02052
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 359-7999 Mr. David L. Brownell OSD 07-ES1 Awarded: 05/09/07
Title:	Portable Cogeneration of Power and Cooling
Abstract:	A program is proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of a Steam Powered Electricity And Refrigeration (SPEAR) system for powering and cooling military electronic equipment shelters. The SPEAR system will utilize a scroll steam expander in a Mesoscale Steam Engine Generator (MSEG) to produce electric power. Yankee Scientific developed the MSEG power cycle for the Army through a DARPA sponsored program. A Steam Jet driven chiller will provide the cooling capability. Yankee has direct experience with the use of Steam Jet chiller technology to provide refrigeration for perishables in Army field kitchens. Steam Jet refrigeration has been used for over a century for large scale cooling processes but small scale use has been limited due to the requirement of a steam supply. The normal operation of the MSEG produces the proper waste steam supply that is needed to implement Steam Jet refrigeration, thereby minimizing the additional hardware required. This proposed program will investigate the feasibility of integrating these power and cooling technologies into a compact, lightweight and quiet package. Sized to deliver 5 kW of electric power and 10 kW of cooling, the SPEAR system will provide load following power, cooling and heating capability for military electronics shelters.

CERAMATEC, INC. 2425 South 900 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(801) 978-2163 Mr. Joseph Hartvigsen OSD 07-ES2 Awarded: 06/15/07
Title:	JP-10 Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for UUV Applications
Abstract:	A cold plasma fuel processor developed as a fuel processor air breathing JP-8 solid oxide fuel cell APU systems, will be evaluated for suitability for UUV application with JP-10 and Navy logistic oxidizers. The system uses the waste heat from the fuel cell in the reformer, to reduce oxidizer demand and improve overall system efficiency and energy density. The combined JP-10 SOFC system has the potential to exceed by a factor of two the target of 150W-hr/lb system energy density on long duration UUV missions.

FUELCELL ENERGY, INC. 3 Great Pasture Rd. Danbury, CT 06813
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(203) 825-6048 Dr. Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh OSD 07-ES2 Awarded: 04/03/07
Title:	JP-10 Based SOFC Power Generator for Undersea Vehicles
Abstract:	This project addresses the development of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system for converting the chemical energy in JP-10 fuel to electric power. The system will be designed to support the deployment of next generation unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) and undersea weapons. The power plant will integrate a fuel-processing unit with an SOFC and an electrical/mechanical drive-train to accommodate the vehicle's needs for propulsion and hotel loads. The proposed system is anticipated to provide a superior range compared to conventional battery or combustion based propulsion systems as the mission power will be provided by the much more efficient SOFC. The results of the proposed project will lay the foundation for low-cost, high energy density, reliable, safe, long-duration, and easily refueled power sources for UUV propulsion. Phase I research activities are focused on SOFC system concept development utilizing innovative approaches and a state-of-the-art anode supported SOFC technology with a proven track record for durability and performance. High power density SOFC stacks will be a key stepping stone in reducing the size and cost of the power generator.

INFINIA CORP. 6811 West Okanogan Avenue Kennewick, WA 99336
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(509) 737-2105 Mr. MAURICE A. WHITE OSD 07-ES2 Awarded: 04/04/07
Title:	Energy Conversion of JP-10 Fuel
Abstract:	Most unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) have been traditionally powered by batteries. However, the longer missions and sustained higher-power operations described in the U.S. Navy's UUV Master Plan require increased energy density and specific energy on the order of 150 Wh/lb for large vehicles. Estimated power requirements range from less than 2 kW for a light-weight vehicle (LWV) at 5 kts to nearly 9 kW for a heavy-weight vehicle (HWV) at 15 kts and up to 40 kW for large-class UUVs such as the 48-inch diameter SeaLion. Infinia Corporation proposes to design an efficient JP-10 fuel-conversion system that would also offer lower fuel cost and a rapid logistical refueling capability. These qualities enable more sustainable operations that can provide reconnaissance, deliver payloads or mine countermeasures, relay communications, or even deliver remote time-critical strike capabilities without endangering or revealing the location of manned platforms.

INNOVATEK, INC. 350 Hills StreetSuite 104 Richland, WA 99354
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(509) 375-1093 Dr. Patricia Irving OSD 07-ES2 Awarded: 04/06/07
Title:	JP-10 FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEM FOR UNDERSEA VEHICLES
Abstract:	Underwater vehicles will serve as strategic factors in integrated operations of future surface ships and submarines, providing a range of support functions. The Navy has specified that unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) act as force multipliers and risk reduction agents in the future. UUVs require high-energy sources that can be quickly replenished so that vehicle down time and labor time are minimized. For almost all U.S. UUVs onboard energy is commonly carried in the form of batteries. However, batteries generally fall short on range and stamina, imposing a constraint on the mission endurance and the payload. A solution for UUV power problems is a fuel cell that operates from hydrogen generated by fuel reformers from high energy density liquid hydrocarbons such as JP-10. InnovaTek proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of using its proprietary JP-10 InnovaGenr reforming technology tightly integrated with a Topsoe planar solid oxide fuel cell and a Lockheed Martin UUV platform to provide propulsive energy to power unmanned undersea vehicles. InnovaTek's proprietary catalysts and novel micro-structured designs will be used to achieve the Navy's challenging goals of energy capacity and specific energy for UUV applications.

NEXTECH MATERIALS, LTD. 404 Enterprise Dr. Lewis Center, OH 43035
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(614) 842-6606 Dr. Paul H. Matter OSD 07-ES2 Awarded: 04/04/07
Title:	Energy Conversion of JP-10 Fuel
Abstract:	The United States Navy has a critical need for improved power systems for unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) systems. Power and energy density are critically deficient in current UUV platforms, and limit mission time and capability of current systems. Tethered systems and battery powered systems will not meet the mission profiles of next generation UUVs (including persistent surveillance, mine detection and anti-submarine missions). Achieving high power density at all levels will greatly enhance future UUV capabilities. In this SBIR project, NexTech Materials and its subcontractor (Plug Power) will design, develop and demonstrate a compact solid oxide fuel cell system that will provide kilowatts of power for UUV propulsion and other mission needs. For mission durations of at least 60 hours, the power system will have an energy density of more than 150 W-hr/lb and will utilize JP-10 and liquid oxygen as fuels. The goal of Phase I is to validate the proposed approach and complete an entirely specified and detailed system design that meets the goals set by ONR.

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES 8120 Shaffer Parkway Littleton, CO 80127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 285-5135 Dr. Lawrence Woods OSD 07-ES3 Awarded: 06/08/07
Title:	CdSe Top Cells Enabling CdSe/CIGS Tandem Junction Photovoltaics
Abstract:	Ascent Solar Technologies (ITN) proposes to take the next step in spacecraft solar array development, building upon previous development to make the definitive thin-film photovoltaic (TFPV) device for high-efficiency (> 20%) and high-specific power (greater than 2000 W/kg) when combined with lightweight and flexible substrates. ITN will develop wide-bandgap cadmium selenide (CdSe) as a high-efficiency top cell for monolithic (two-terminal) tandem-junction photovoltaics. CdSe has the optimum bandgap (1.72 eV) for a top cell when sharing the solar spectrum with a high-efficiency, but low-bandgap CuInGaSe2 TFPV bottom cell. Tandem-junctions offer the biggest potential for increasing TFPV efficiencies in addition to lower module related losses, higher voltages and better temperature coefficients than low-bandgap single-junction devices. ITN's innovative approach to achieving high-efficiency top cells is to fabricate CdSe devices leveraging a newly developed proprietary process to convert normally n-type CdSe, to p-type, while also improving material quality. This process should enable CdSe to take advantage of high-efficiency enabling structures and processes demonstrated in lower bandgap CdTe TFPV, but are not yet tested with CdSe solar absorbers. The process also enables the CdSe to have the correct polarity for monolithic connection to the p-type CuInGaSe2 bottom cell tandem devices.

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES 8120 Shaffer Parkway Littleton, CO 80127
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 285-5135 Dr. Lawrence Woods OSD 07-ES3 Awarded: 06/08/07
Title:	Conductive ZnMgO Enabling High-Efficiency Wide-Bandgap Photovoltaics
Abstract:	Ascent Solar Technologies (AST) proposes to develop atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) of zinc-magnesium-oxide (ZnMgO) as an n-type transparent conducting oxide (TCO) for the top contact that will match the material properties of new buffer and window layers being developed for new wide-bandgap devices. AST's innovative approach proposes to make the definitive light-absorber layer for high-power, lightweight and flexible thin-film photovoltaics (TFPV). The baseline AST product utilizes single-junction devices with low-bandgap CuInSe2 (CISe) alloys, however better TFPV module performance is predicted through the use of wide-bandgap alloy variations of the CISe based solar absorber. AST has been developing wide-bandgap alloys of CISe based solar absorbers using both aluminum and gallium for simultaneous optimization of the bandgap and material properties. To date, most wide-bandgap device development has used traditional device layers that are optimal for low-bandgap solar absorbers, but are not well matched for wide-bandgap absorbers. In addition, AST will utilize novel lightweight and flexible substrates that are also being developed at AST. Ultra-high TFPV device efficiencies and specific power (> 1500 W/kg) could result from the combined device and substrate technology, exceeding state-of-the-art terrestrial TFPV module efficiencies (at operational temperatures), and enabling terrestrial, spacecraft, balloon and unmanned aircraft technologies.

EIKOS, INC. 2 Master Drive Franklin, MA 02038
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(508) 528-0300 Dr. David Britz OSD 07-ES3 Awarded: 05/17/07
Title:	High Performance Hole Conducting Electrode for Transparent Thin Film PVs
Abstract:	Eikos, Inc proposes using Invisiconr, the world's only high performance transparent hole conductor, to increase the performance of flexible thin film photovoltaics (TFPVs). The most efficient TFPVs have an active layer of Copper Indium diSelenide doped with Gallium (CIGS). These devices have reached 19.5% efficiency at AM1.5 illumination on thick glass substrates. CIGS cells on heavy, rigid substrates have lower power densities than crystalline silicon (c-Si) PVs. To displace c-Si for terrestrial applications and multi-junction PVs for space applications, TFPVs must be highly efficient, lightweight, flexible, and low cost. The most technologically feasible way to achieve these characteristics is to stack a wide bandgap TFPV on top of a narrow bandgap TFPV to absorb both high energy and low energy light from the solar spectrum to make a "tandem" device. Eikos will partner with Ascent Solar Technologies (AST) to improve the efficiency and transparency of AST's wide bandgap TFPV by incorporating Eikos' hole conducting transparent electrode. Eikos-Ascent Solar Technologies devices will exceed 15% efficiency and 70% sub-bandgap transparency, enabling high efficiency, high power density tandem PVs. We will fabricate the devices on flexible substrates, which will increase manufacturability and reduce cost.

INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY (ISET) 8950 Lurline Avenue Chatsworth, CA 91311
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(818) 882-8687 Dr. Vijay K. Kapur OSD 07-ES3 Awarded: 07/03/07
Title:	Low Cost CIGS Solar Cells on Lightweight Titanium Foil
Abstract:	ISET is proposing to fabricate CIGS solar cells on lightweight and flexible titanium foil using its patented low cost ink-based process. The ability to encapsulate titanium foil in an appropriate protective and insulating coating has made it compatible with our low cost process and has also enabled us to fabricate modules via monolithic integration. Specific power densities >1000 W/kg are now achievable on metallic foil substrates.

INTERPHASES RESEARCH 741 Lakefield Rd, Ste E Westlake Village, CA 91361
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(805) 497-2677 Dr. Shalini Menezes OSD 07-ES3 Awarded: 06/18/07
Title:	Low-Cost Thin-Film CIS Photovoltaic Technology for DOD Applications
Abstract:	This SBIR project proposes a new flexible lightweight, high-specific power, photovoltaic technology to address the DOD electric power generation need for terrestrial, near space, and space platforms. It seeks to raise the efficiency and lower the cost of flexible modules with a new solar cell configuration, based on a high performing n-copper-indium-selenide (n-CIS) thin film. It seeks to simplify high-volume manufacturing with continuous roll-to-roll electrodeposition. Phase I aims to identify the cell components and processing steps to produce solar cells with electrodeposited n-CIS films. Phase I will adapt the electrodeposition approach to flexible substrates, deposit compatible buffer and window layers, fabricate and characterize CIS solar cells. The results will provide a strong foundation for Phase II prototyping, increasing its efficiency and advancing the technology for low cost high-throughput manufacturing. Project success will lead to flexible CIS PV modules with better efficiency, reliability, consistency and power density even in adverse environments.

EPIR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 590 Territorial Drive, Suite B Bolingbrook, IL 60440
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 771-0203 Dr. Paul Boieriu OSD 07-ES4 Awarded: 05/23/07
Title:	Advanced Multijunction Solar Cell & Concentrator System Development for DOD Terrestrial and Space Applications
Abstract:	The objective of this Phase I effort is to investigate the feasibility of using quaternary alloys based on the established II-VI compounds HgTe, CdTe and ZnTe to generate crystals with the desired bandgaps for solar cells and the use of additional down-converting glass plates to allow for enhanced absorption. A number of theoretical calculations predict efficiencies that are significantly higher than current state-of-the-art results. Monolithic two-terminal cells that offer advantages in terms of weight and interconnect simplicity will be investigated. We will develop this system, first by modeling photon absorption and electrical carrier transport in the proposed 2-junction structure. Subsequently, we will fabricate a single-junction II-VI HgCdZnTe solar cell. In parallel, we will develop and test transparent, rare-earth doped fluorozirconate-based glass ceramics for UV photon down-conversion. Finally, we will work on fusion techniques of the two systems. Previous experience in developing HgCdTe for infrared detection and glass-ceramic plates for radiation detection has given us the experience to develop the proposed system.

INTEGRATED MICRO SENSORS, INC. 10814 Atwell Drive Houston, TX 77096
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(713) 743-3621 Dr. Nasr-Eddine Medelci-Djezzar OSD 07-ES4 Awarded: 05/18/07
Title:	High Efficiency InGaN Solar Cells
Abstract:	Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) has the potential of forming optoelectronic devices - including solar cells - covering a range of 0.7 eV to 3.4 eV. This energy range matches closely the usable emission present in the solar spectrum as seen from space (AM0). Beside the inherent thermal ruggedness of the III Nitrides which make them fit for high temperature applications such as in solar cells used in high terrestrial concentrator systems, it has recently been determined that these Nitride materials can offer exceptional radiation tolerance that is well beyond what can be achieved with conventional solar cell materials that are currently flown into space. Although InGaN as a solar cell would be a less mature technology than other III-V semiconductors, and hence will not likely have as high efficiency as its III-V counterparts, the important factor is that it will degrade far less over the its lifetime. Two critical issues need to be addressed for the realization of InGaN-based multijunction solar cells, namely adequate minority carrier lifetimes and high p-type doping. A key to a monolithically integrated InxGa1-xN multijunction solar cell is the availability of a crystallographically compatible tunnel diode whose feasibility will be investigated.

MICROLINK DEVICES 6457 Howard Street Niles, IL 60714
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(847) 588-3001 Dr. Noren Pan OSD 07-ES4 Awarded: 05/31/07
Title:	Advanced Multijunction Solar Cell on Misoriented GaAs Substrates
Abstract:	The significance of the innovation in this Phase I SBIR is the development of a low cost compound semiconductor material for high efficiency and high specific power solar array technology. This will be accomplished by the development of a production worthy Multiple-layer Epitaxial Lift Off (MELO) process. Focus will be given to GaAs based solar cells including lattice-matched InGaP materials for dual bandgap devices. This technology will provide high conversion efficiency and cost effective solar cells for terrestrial concentrator systems in addition to high specific power density for Space applications.

ALTEX TECHNOLOGIES CORP. 244 Sobrante Way Sunnyvale, CA 94086
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(408) 328-8302 Dr. John T. Kelly OSD 07-ES5 Awarded: 11/09/07
Title:	Modular and Efficient Compact Syngas Production System
Abstract:	The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process, combined with feedstock pretreatment and gasification reactors, can be used to produce logistic fuels from a range of feedstocks, in combat theaters where military fuels are not available or too costly. However, current pretreatment and gasifier reactors are too large and heavy for the mobile fuels production application of interest. Altex has identified the Modular and Efficient Compact Syngas System that uses a compact dryer and gasifier to increase output per mass that is more compatible with the mobile requirements of the system. Preliminary tests at reduced scale have shown the potential of the concept. Under the proposed effort, the innovative gasifier technology will be adapted to the Army need, and feasibility will be proven through analysis and tests on several feedstocks. Lastly, the performance and cost benefits of the concept will be quantified and the advantages of the concept over alternatives will be determined.

DIVERSIFIED ENERGY CORP. 2020 W Guadalupe RdSuite 5 Gilbert, AZ 85233
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(480) 507-0297 Mr. Jerry Stephenson OSD 07-ES5 Awarded: 11/19/07
Title:	Intensified Unit Operations and Lightweight Plant Design for Mobile Synthetic Fuel Plants
Abstract:	Diversified Energy Corporation and Velocys Incorporated have created an industry team that combines a breakthrough gasification approach with an innovative Fischer Tropsch reactor to provide an integrated, compact, portable, robust, process intensified, modular, end-to-end Fischer Tropsch fuel solution that achieves the 3 t/b/d OSD stated objective while producing 50 - 500 b/d of product. HydroMax (gasification), based on molten-metal technology, achieves size and weight reductions due to the large thermal inertia of molten-metal and rapid kinetics, and resultant reaction rates, associated with steam/carbon injection profiles. HydroMax produces hydrogen and CO-rich syngas in separate/distinct streams which is ideal for a Fischer Tropsch reactor. Velocys' FT technology incorporates a microchannel carbon-hydrogen combiner approach that reduces the mass and footprint required by 90%. During SBIR Phase I, the team will focus on four objectives: 1) Bench-scale test data integration analysis 2) Plant conceptual design, layout, and simulation 3) Economic assessment 4) Modularity and logistics assessment. Independent laboratory and bench-scale tests of both technologies will form the basis for the analysis. Anticipated results of this effort include a feasibility/economic assessment of the integrated approach, a conceptual design of an operational plant, and feedstock/output analysis trades that will establish the foundation for a Phase II demonstration.

ELTRON RESEARCH, INC. 4600 Nautilus Court South Boulder, CO 80301
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 530-0263 Dr. James H. White OSD 07-ES5 Awarded: 12/13/07
Title:	A Fuel Flexible, Process Intensified Gasifier for Mobile Fuels Synthesis
Abstract:	The American military is currently seeking to develop a mobile synthetic fuels plant. This requires process intensification, i.e., extensive reduction in plant weight and size. A key unit operation is at the gasification stage, where both process intensification, and fuel flexibility are sought. The ability to process carbon sources including natural gas, biomass, wastes, coal, crude oil, and petroleum products into synthesis gas is essential. An approach for process intensified, fuel flexible gasification of several such carbon sources has been demonstrated at Eltron The technology is based on partial oxidation of feed by an oxygen carrier which can alternately adsorb oxygen and catalyze partial oxidation of fuels. The proposed system offers significant advantages over conventional gasification and reforming systems in terms of fuel flexibility, reduced size and weight, reduced operating temperature and pressure, elimination of tar or coke deposits, and sulfur tolerance. This project addresses development of a compact gasification system based on Eltron=s cyclic partial oxidation (CycloFormingTM) technology for generating syngas. Phase I will identify catalysts, design and fabricate a bench scale gasifier, and test using appropriate feeds. On the basis of Phase I data, a prototype system will be designed, fabricated, and tested during Phase II.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2349 Dr. Gokhan Alptekin OSD 07-ES5 Awarded: 11/07/07
Title:	A Novel Syngas Purification System to Support Mobile Synthetic Fuel Plants
Abstract:	The military is interested in the development of mobile systems to produce Fischer Tropsch (FT) synthetic fuels from local resources in the combat theater (natural gas, crude oils, biomass, coal, etc.) and has supported the development of various high throughput FT reactors, gasifiers and FT upgrading systems that could accomplish high conversion per unit volume. The mobile FT plants will require many supporting operations to be intensified to attain the major weight and size reductions. One key need is to remove impurities and diluents from the syngas feedstock to the FT process to ensure long life and stability of the FT catalysts. The reduction of diluents, particularly CO2, will also intensify the synthesis process and thereby increase the product yield and purity. TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) proposes to develop a syngas clean-up and purification unit to remove potential catalyst poisons and diluents from the syngas to ensure long life, stable operation of the FT catalyst and to achieve a high yield from the FT synthesis reactor.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Michael G. Izenson OSD 07-ES6 Awarded: 06/13/07
Title:	Compact, Efficient Water Recovery for Advanced Fuel Cell Power Systems
Abstract:	Fuel cell power systems that run on common, high-sulfur logistics fuel have the potential to meet future demands for distributed, shipboard power generation and generate power at forward deployed bases. A key practical problem with this technology is the need for a continuous supply of high-purity water to the fuel reformer. We propose to develop a compact, efficient, and simple water recovery system that can separate high-purity water from the reformate stream without the need for phase change and complicated purification equipment. In Phase I we will prove the feasibility of our approach through proof-of-concept experiments that demonstrate the key performance aspects of our system, chemical process modeling of the power system that calculates system performance in key operational modes, a 3-D system layout, and specification of interfaces for a range of power system sizes. In Phase II we will build and demonstrate a prototype water recovery system sized for a 50 kWe fuel cell generating system.

FILTRATION SOLUTIONS, INC. 432 Sand Shore RoadUnit 8 Hackettstown, NJ 07840
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(908) 684-4000 Mr. Peter Yu OSD 07-ES6 Awarded: 07/03/07
Title:	Modular High Power Fuel Cell System Design
Abstract:	The objective of this proposal is to develop an innovative single stage water vapor recovery device that utilizes the polar nature of water molecules to separate water vapor from the reformed gaseous fuel mixture in a fuel cell system. The removed water vapor from the proposed design can be fed back to the fuel reformer without the need for condensing it to liquid water. The proposed water vapor separator will significantly increase the overall fuel cell efficiency, and reduce the capital and operation costs of a fuel cell system. It is a safe, robust, user-friendly, compact, low maintenance, and continuously operable highly efficient water recovery device

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Applied Technologies Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Dr. Kang-Bin Chua OSD 07-ES6 Awarded: 06/26/07
Title:	Electrophoretic Water Extractor
Abstract:	To address the OSD need for a high density water recovery subsystem for advanced fuel cell systems (FCS), operating on logistic fuel without the need for phase change and with minimum purification equipment, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Electrophoretic Water Extractor (EWE) based on electrophoresis in a nonuniform electric field system. The innovative EWE system design uses electrophoretic force on water to recover water vapor from steam and autothermal reformate stream (ATR) without the need of phase change, thus it has an energy efficiency of >70%. The electrophoretic force selectively extracts water versus other gases at a ratio of 1500:1 or better. As a result, it has the potential to separate water from the gas stream with better than 95% purity with no consumables used and has a small number of components. Its simplistic design allows it to be easily optimized and integrated into any FCS which uses ATR, eliminating dependency on a continuous supply of water. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of EWE by developing a small-scale laboratory system prototype to demonstrate its technological feasibility. In Phase II POC will develop a scaled-up system capable of supporting a 50 kWe FCS.

POWER & ENERGY 106 Railroad Drive Ivyland, PA 18974
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(215) 942-4600 Dr. Peter Bossard OSD 07-ES6 Awarded: 07/19/07
Title:	Modular High Power Fuel Cell System Design
Abstract:	An energy efficient method to achieve a constant source of pure water is required for steam or auto thermal reforming of high sulfur logistic fuels. Presently, this includes use of a significant number of auxiliary components to separate and clean the recovered water to high purity levels which add to the total complexity and cost of the system. This system will recover enough pure water from the raffinate stream so that, when combined with the pure water recovered from the fuel cell, there will be sufficient quantities of high quality water to support either advanced steam reforming or auto thermal reforming. In order to achieve high efficiency and high density we will use a fuel cell system integrated with an advanced micro channel fuel processor. The fuel processing system comprises a micro channel steam reformer integrated with a micro channel heat exchanger and a micro channel hydrogen separation system. This model for fuel reforming process significantly increases the energy efficiency and compactness. The projected water recovered and purified from the raffinate / fuel processor when combined with water recovered from the fuel cell will exceed the water needed to operate advanced steam or auto thermal reformer systems by 10%.

TDA RESEARCH, INC. 12345 W. 52nd Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(303) 940-2349 Dr. Gokhan Alptekin OSD 07-ES6 Awarded: 06/08/07
Title:	Modular High Power Fuel Cell Design
Abstract:	Fuel cells operating on high sulfur logistics diesel fuel (NATO F-76, JP5, JP8) offer a viable means to provide distributed ship service and forward deployed base electrical power. However, a major drawback to the use of fuel cells as electric generators by deployed forces is their inability to directly use battlefield fuels. Low temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells require a relatively pure, concentrated hydrogen (H2) stream. The hydrogen needed for operating the PEM fuel cell can be generated by reforming the logistics fuel, but the reforming process must be provided with a constant supply of high purity water. TDA proposes a novel fuel cell water recovery concept that complements the operation of a hydrogen membrane-based fuel cell fuel processor. The proposed approach achieves water recovery with very high efficiency. In Phase I, we will conduct a preliminary design of the system components and demonstrate the key aspects of the technology.

INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC. 15400 Calhoun DriveSuite 400 Rockville, MD 20855
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(301) 294-5242 Dr. Roger Xu OSD 07-ES7 Awarded: 11/28/07
Title:	Hierarchical Management System for Tactical Power Grids
Abstract:	Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI), and Georgia Institute of Technology detail an intelligent hierarchical power management system that provides self-diagnostics, plug-an-play capability, and a set of practical, integrated software and hardware tools for efficient power system management with a minimum of required hardware. In the proposed system, power management is conducted at two levels, grid level and load center level, in a distributed fashion using a high fidelity system model. The grid level management is conducted at local nodes. Each node has its own model and intelligence to perform analysis and take local decisions. Each node is implemented on low-cost reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), is located close to, but does not require integration with, the (legacy) load. The "brain centers" perform the load center level power management using all the models of connected components of the system in real time and assemble the integrated model of the entire tactical grid. The proposed system will be scalable, highly reliable, and flexible with "plug and play" capabilities by virtue of its distributed nature, and capable of managing efficient utilization of energy sources and maximizing the reliability of the power supply.

INTELLIGENT POWER & ENERGY RESEARCH CORP. PO Box 616 Fort Montgomery, NY 10922
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(845) 781-0023 Dr. Darrell Massie OSD 07-ES7 Awarded: 12/11/07
Title:	Develop plug and play architecture for Tactical power grids
Abstract:	Executive Summary This proposal describes the methodology for applying architecture and intelligent control algorithms to enable plug-and-play capabilities for tactical power grids. The Intelligent Power & Energy Research Corporation (IPERC) and Infotility have developed a modeling system specifically designed for facilitating the implementation of sophisticated control for power generating systems with interdependencies. The software will demonstrate an ability to make repeatable decisions based on complex relationships between large amounts of measured and estimated data; a task difficult, especially when the relationships can consist of multiple pieces of equipment where one piece of equipment can influence "downstream" devices. The software will be able to represent the steady-state and dynamic performance and can rapidly evaluate different operating configurations to determine the best mode under a variety of operating conditions.

WILLIAMS-PYRO, INC. 200 Greenleaf St. Fort Worth, TX 76107
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(817) 872-1500 Mr. Kartik Moorthy OSD 07-ES7 Awarded: 11/19/07
Title:	Develop plug and play architecture for Tactical power grids
Abstract:	In response to the need for increased grid reliability and versatility, Williams-Pyro, Inc. proposes to develop a modular, portable, inexpensive Intelligent Energy Control System (IECS) that can plan deployments as well as measure and manage demands for requested services (e.g., location, targeting, and mobility). IECS will enable "plug and play" features through intelligent power grid control algorithms for load prioritization and shedding, mission equipment identification and mission profile integration, multiple sensors to measure the load condition and power quality for diagnostics and prognostics, high speed broadband wireless network communication (WiFi) and/or broadband over power line (BPL) for (near) real time situational awareness and reaction, and commercial off the shelf (COTS) technologies. The modular system architecture will manage energy decisions across the entire unit and will scale completely to flexibly cover various electric power generation units, storage devices, etc. Our IECS will be able to operate on different DoD operating platforms, be rapidly reconfigured, accommodate third-party interests, integrate into existing control systems and protocols, track energy as a resource at all levels of deployment, and provide logisticians with better information for re-supplying the force.

CYBERNET SYSTEMS CORP. 727 Airport Boulevard Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(734) 668-2567 Mr. Thomas E. Wilmoth OSD 07-ES8 Awarded: 11/19/07
Title:	Intelligent Control System for Soldier Power
Abstract:	Cybernet proposes to develop a methodology for distributing and managing the power supply voltages required by each electrical load in a soldier's battle environment. Modern man-portable electronics include diverse systems, each having their own power source, which multiplies the battery weight and power conditioning hardware required by the number of units deployed per individual. These electronic systems include communications, tactical, defensive and weaponry, many with differing power requirements, individual energy densities, and varying sensitivities to outside environmental influence. The proposed energy management system would provide the electrical power requirements of each piece of equipment, and offer an improved weight to energy density ratio, yielding better overall performance and decreased pack weight.Multiple power system requirements and differing energy profiles can all be managed from a single robust high-density power source, providing any voltage value or polarity, (including 120 VAC if necessary), by programming a power port to generate the necessary output voltage / waveform profile. Each power port would be a pulse width modulated Class D amplifier, capable of reproducing any required waveform by simply loading the necessary power profile for the specified electrical load. Over-current protection and feedback monitoring would insure that each electrical load was optimally managed.

PHYSICAL OPTICS CORP. Information Technologies Division20600 Gramercy Place, Bldg 100 Torrance, CA 90501
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(310) 320-3088 Mr. Kang Lee OSD 07-ES8 Awarded: 11/14/07
Title:	Hierarchical Intelligent Energy Resource Controller
Abstract:	To address the need for an "intelligent" control system, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a Hierarchical Intelligent Energy Resource Controller (HIREC) wearable personal area network. The proposed system will comprise both monitoring/control hardware and analysis/control firmware to minimize the dismounted soldier's load weight, maximize comfort (by means of the POC WEARNET), and optimize energy management. The HIREC sensors and power control circuitry will be interfaced via POC's Universal Sensor Interface Module (USIM), which consists of a signal-conditioning unit, a POC wearable snap connector for universal connection to the WEARNET, an interchangeable, configurable sensor interface (electrical/optical/mechanical) unit, and an optional wireless WEARNET interconnect module. The innovative intelligent power controller (IPC), in the form of the HIREC firmware and power sensing and control electronics, will enable HIREC to optimize power levels both automatically and in accordance with manually set preferences. In Phase I POC will demonstrate the feasibility of HIREC with prototype hardware and software based on our WEARNET system. In Phase II we plan to integrate advanced military electronics into the system to ensure proper interfacing with such equipment as long-range RF antennas, laser rangefinders, and portable computers.

TRIDENT SYSTEMS, INC. 10201 Lee HighwaySuite 300 Fairfax, VA 22030
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 691-7780 Mr. Dan Bindbeutel OSD 07-ES8 Awarded: 11/26/07
Title:	Intelligent Control System for Soldier Power
Abstract:	The effectiveness of dismount soldier systems is currently limited by reliance on inflexible and inefficient body-worn power infrastructures. These systems, made up of multiple electronic components, would be greatly enhanced by the development an efficient, consistent architecture that provided monitoring and control over both power storage and soldier system devices, which can include CPUs, displays, radios, targeting devices, sensors, and navigation aids. To address this need, Trident Systems plans to develop a comprehensive architecture-the Adaptive Soldier Power Energy Control Toolkit, or ASPECT-that leverages appropriate commercial paradigms & standards in power awareness and efficient system control. Trident will begin with an analysis of system requirements, including study of functionality, operational usage, and external interfaces, as well as electrical, mechanical, and power requirements. This will be followed by a survey of existing soldier system devices and configurations, with the development of operational profiles to guide development, along with analysis of commercial standards-based approaches to power management. Architecture and system design efforts will then apply these standards to the soldier system environment, developing a complete solution that is modular, open, and scalable. A proof-of-concept system will then be implemented that demonstrates the validity of the ASPECT architecture.

ADVANCED PROJECTS RESEARCH, INC. 1925 McKinley AvenueSuite B La Verne, CA 91750
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(909) 228-9950 Dr. Thomas H. Sobota OSD 07-ES9 Awarded: 05/15/07
Title:	Inter-Turbine Burner Technology Demonstration
Abstract:	The development of an Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB) for improving the part power performance of small gas turbine engines is proposed. An Inter-Turbine Burner is a second combustor placed between the gas generator exit and the power turbine to "reheat" the engine gas stream before it enters the power turbine. The Inter-Turbine burner is used to increase engine power at the maximum power setting, permitting the core engine to be run closer to its design condition while at part power settings. Cycle analysis shows significant improvement in engine power at the full power condition with an improvement in specific fuel consumption at part power conditions. These characteristics are very beneficial in certain military missions. In order to be effective, the ITB must exhibit low pressure loss and several other components of a gas-turbine engine must be modified to optimize performance. In the proposed effort APRI will work with Honeywell Aircraft Engines to identify relevant missions and engines that can benefit from this technology, optimize engine cycle and other engine components, and detail ITB designs and their integration into small gas turbine engines. These designs will be based, in part, on APRI's prior work on compact trapped vortex combustors.

CREARE, INC. P.O. Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(603) 643-3800 Dr. Roger W. Hill OSD 07-ES9 Awarded: 05/17/07
Title:	Demonstration of Inter-Turbine Burners for Part-Power Improvements
Abstract:	Conventional gas turbine engines are often optimized for a specific narrow range of the flight envelope and perform much less efficiently at off-design conditions. Introduction of an inter-turbine burner (ITB) into a gas turbine design can add a level of adjustability to the engine performance that in turn provides improved operating efficiency over a wider range of the operating envelope. In the proposed project, we will identify jet aircraft and missions that could benefit from part power fuel efficiency improvements brought about by incorporation of an ITB into the engine. ITB and engine design concepts will be developed, analyzed, and tested. During the Phase I, the potential benefit will be quantified with cycle analyses, and design concepts will be analyzed for aerodynamic, thermal, and structural performance. Preliminary design concepts will be chosen and a Phase II test program scope will be defined.

SPYTEK AEROSPACE CORP. 450 Frontier Way, Unit D Bensenville, IL 60106
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(630) 595-9133 Mr. Christopher Spytek OSD 07-ES9 Awarded: 05/11/07
Title:	Demonstration of Inter-Turbine Burners for Part-Power Fuel Efficiency Improvements
Abstract:	Gas turbine engines using multistage turbine sections have the inherent disadvantage of temperature loss through the turbine section. This occurs when each successive turbine stage extracts energy from the superheated mass airflow. The result is limited energy potential due to the first stage turbine temperature limits. An inter-turbine burner (ITB) would be able to utilize constant temperature burning through the turbine module by adding burners between the turbine stages. ITB's improve part-power efficiency while allowing for high fuel efficiency at maximum power through the use of its reheat cycle. ITBs' used in low cost UAV type engines allow for the use of less expensive lower temperature materials, in multiple stages, yet extract more energy from the airflow. Spytek Aerospace plans to demonstrate the feasibility of adding an ITB to an existing Spytek Aerospace engine. The ITB will be adapted from the Ultra-Compact combustor developed by the Air Force Propulsion Directorate. The major areas to be addressed will be the ability to provide air into the primary burn zone of the ITB to sustain combustion and the ability to successfully entrain the combustion products from the ITB combustor into the main stream flow without causing undue restrictions or hot streak problems.

---------- SOCOM ----------

3 Phase I Selections from the 07.1 Solicitation

(In Topic Number Order)

AGILTRON CORP. 15 Cabot Road Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(781) 935-1200 Dr. Matthew Erdtmann SOCOM 07-005 Awarded: 22MAY07
Title:	Megapixel Uncooled Photomechanical LWIR Imager
Abstract:	Agiltron has developed a breakthrough modular IR imaging technology that employs a photomechanical effect, in which an array of micro-machined sensor pixels converts IR radiation into visible light signals that can be optically detected by commercial off-the-shelf CMOS or CCD visible-light imagers. With commercial CMOS imagers achieving multi-megapixel resolution, the resolution of the modular Agiltron IR imager is thus only limited by the number of micro-machined sensors in the sensor pixel array. Scaling to higher resolution becomes only a matter of repeating the pixel structure by conventional MEMS fabrication, which already is capable of producing multi-megapixel devices, as exemplified by the Texas Instruments DLP display chips. High frame rates are readily achieved by using low-cost off-the-shelf CMOS imagers capable of frame rates of 500 fps and higher. In this manner, the Agiltron photomechanical IR imager has the unique capability to be produced with greater than one megapixel resolution and frame rates at 30 fps and above, yet only 1 W power consumption. Sensor array packaging is also greatly simplified and robust, as no electrical connections need to be incorporated. By leveraging Agiltron's vertically integrated manufacturing model, a 1280x960 LWIR imager meeting USSOCOM needs will be demonstrated in Phase II.

NANTERO, INC. 25E Olympia Avenue Woburn, MA 01801
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(703) 367-4188 Dr. Jonathan Ward SOCOM 07-005 Awarded: 24MAY07
Title:	High Resolution Long Wave Infrared Focal Plane Array Development
Abstract:	Infrared (IR) detection is an integral part of the Global War on terrorism. Vandium Oxide based micro-bolometers are the current state of the art in uncooled IRFPA. The need for higher resolution 1280X960 arrays that operate at low power for man-portable applications include 24 hour surveillance and targeting . Carbon Nanotube (CNT) based IR detectors could fill this need. CNTs have unique electrical, optical, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties that may prove advantageous for IR sensors. Current Vandium oxide based IRFPAs are limited in sensitivity due to their noise floor. CNT technology has lower 1/f noise and thus increased sensitivity. Nantero, a leading nanotechnology company that has demonstrated capability in the fabrication of several nanoelectronic devices and has developed proprietary CNT technologies and integration methodologies using standard CMOS integration techniques such as spin-coating, lithography, reactive ion etching and metal deposition. Nantero has demonstrated the ability to integrate into the CMOS wafer fabrication processes at two major facilities. Using our CNT fabrics which can be patterned using standard CMOS lithographic techniques, large format specification compliant IRFPAs can be produced at high yield and low cost. Nantero proposes a unique pixel design that is simpler then current VOx microbolometer technology , yet capable of meeting the specifications listed in the SBIR solicitation. In addition this technology is dual use with several existing applications in the commercial market place which need large format uncooled IRFPA with increased sensitivity at low cost.

ZYBERWEAR, INC. 2114 New Victor Road Ocoee, FL 34761
Phone: PI: Topic#:	(407) 295-5955 Mr. Oliver Edwards SOCOM 07-005 Awarded: 11JUN07
Title:	High Resolution Infrared Focal Plane Array
Abstract:	A novel microbolometer focal plane array is proposed for use at 8-14 �m having very low noise, no required thermoelectric stabilization, contrast over a very wide range of object temperature, and projected low cost in manufacture.