| ADVR, INC.
910 Technology Blvd, Suite K Bozeman, MT 59718 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 522-0388
Dr. Rand Swanson BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | A Continuous Wave Raman Laser to Access a Broad Spectral Regime |
| Abstract: | The proposed work will demonstrate the feasibility of frequency shifting high-power cw diode lasers to target wavelengths of 1.5 µm and 4 µm . This will be accomplished by using the recently developed cw Raman laser, which can frequency shift diode lasers to wavelengths ranging from 1 µm to longer than 4 µm. A team including the inventors of this technology will do this work. The first cw Raman laser was designed for low powers, operated with a photon conversion efficiency of 34%, and was accurately modeled by theory. An exciting prediction of this theory is that high power operation can be achieved with photon conversion efficiencies greater than 90%. Output beams will be single mode and powers of several Watts are expected using existing diode lasers as pumps. The cw Raman laser obtains high efficiencies by utilizing the multiple reflections that occur within a high-finesse cavity. This increases the effective interaction distance and also increases the pump intensity due to constructive interference of the multiply reflected pump beam. The primary benefit of this technology will be the ability to generate high-quality, high-power, cw laser beams in spectral regimes that are otherwise difficult to reach |
| ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORP.
1555 Doolittle Drive, Suite 100 San Leandro, CA 94577 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 483-4156
Rahul R. Prasad BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | Diamond switch for RF pulse compression |
| Abstract: | Alameda Applied Sciences Corporation (AASC) proposes to develop a new type of RF and millimeter wave amplifier based on pulse compression. The amplifier is based on the use of a diamond membrane that is turned from an insulating state (thus transmitting RF) to a conducting state (thus reflecting RF) when irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Such a RF amplifier is an enabling technology for a whole class of high power RF and millimeter wave devices that would otherwise be impractical. The Phase I to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. A chemical vapor deposition diamond window will be irradiated with UV radiation from a laser (4th harmonic Nd:YAG) and reflection of microwave power from the window will be demonstrated. The UV power required for practical devices will be determined. The Phase II effort will develop a RF amplifier using the pulse compression technique. The diamond switch will be coupled to a high power microwave source such as the phigtron, developed at the University of Maryland. The Phase III will be an aggressive commercialization campaign aimed at the several military and civilian uses of high power RF. |
| ALTAIR CENTER, LLC
48-12 Briarwood Lane Marlborough, MA 01752 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 481-6634
Sergei Krivoshlykov, Dr. BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | Compact High-Efficiency Electron -Beam-Pumped Semiconductor Laser Operating at Room Temperature |
| Abstract: | ALTAIR Center proposes to develop an innovative compact high-efficiency electron-beam-pumped semiconductor laser generating up to 10 W of average power in a broad spectral region from 330 nm to 23 um at room temperature. The compact and efficient laser design becomes possible due to recently demonstrated efficient generation of laser radiation in an electron-beam-pumped quantum well semiconductor structure at room temperature. The laser takes advantage of combining a well developed and cost efficient CRT technique with recent advances in the fabrication of the quantum wells and other quantum confined semiconductor materials. The laser parameters can be easily controlled by modulating the pumping e-beam. Innovative technology for fabricating the semiconductor materials with microscopic clusters will be developed and incorporated in the system design. This approach opens a door to the next generation of light weight, low cost laser devices capable to efficiently generate radiation in a broad spectral region using different semiconductor materials. In Phase I of the project we will demonstrate efficient generation at room temperature for a number of different semiconductor materials. Based on the obtained results, the design of the e-beam pumped semiconductor laser will be finalized. The prototype 10W laser system operating at room temperature will be assembled and tested in Phase II of the project with final device delivered to the BMDO. |
| APPLIED PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS, L. C.
602 Explorer Austin, TX 78734 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(512) 261-0098
Jon R. Mayes BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | Marx-Based Phased Array System |
| Abstract: | Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) are rapidly becoming attractive due to their reusability and the fact that unlike mechanical weapons which rely on magazines of explosive shells, these weapons rely on power supplies. The most attractive aspect of DEW weapons lies in the fact that an electromagnetic missile is delivered at nearly speed of light, negating the advantage of increasing velocity of tactical missiles. In the ideal soft kill, RF energy would couple into the target’s electronic systems and ultimately destroy the guidance and firing systems. Modem missile system use banks of discriminators to protect the receiver. An incoming signal is directed onto a delay line, with a small fraction of the signal directed to the discriminator crowbars the delay line, thus protecting the receiver. For a DEW to be effective against this line of defense, all of the discriminators must be destroyed, leaving the receiver vulnerable to the excessive amount of RF energy. Conventional DEW require excessive amount of energy and volume. These systems also require complex power supply, vacuum systems, and are driven by short-lived cathodes. This proposal details a PROPRIETARY alternative to the conventional HPM methods in the form of a Marx generator-based phased array. The proposed system is capable of delivering terawatts of peak power or RF bursts of gigawatts. The volume usage of the proposed system is a fraction of existing systems and relies on tradition power supply technologies at substantially lower voltage levels |
| BEAM (BEAM ENGINEERING FOR ADVANCE MEASU
100 Alexandria Blvd., Suite 5 Oviedo, FL 32765 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 977-5359
Dr. Nelson V. Tabirian BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | On-Line Diagnostic Systems for High Energy Lasers Using Nonlinear Optical and Diffractive Optical Transformations |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate 1) new principles of sampling and 2) new principles of beam sampling will allow obtaining of up to billion times attenuated replica of the beam. Acousto-optical diffractive gratings in noble gases kept at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature will be used in one scheme to ensure absorptionless sampling of high power beams. Sampling with the aid of wire grids will be tested for mid-IR radiation. Both devices can have very large aperture appropriate for embedding typically large high power beams. The beam diagnostic system will include measurement of the angular divergence of a beam, and pump-probe techniques for profiling of infrared beams with the aid of inexpensive techniques developed for visible radiation. Angular Selective Achromatic Diffraction Gratings will be developed for divergence measurements. The new high power beam diagnostic systems will be based on inexpensive materials and manufacturing procedures. The Phase I effort will be identifying the feasibility of the suggested principles and schemes. |
| COHERENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
P.O. Box 7488 Boulder, CO 80306 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 604-2000
Wayne S. Pelouch BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | High Power Optical Waveguide Amplifier for Missile Defense |
| Abstract: | Optically-based directed energy, remote sensing, and communication on airborne and spaceborne platforms require exceptionally efficient laser operation, low mass, and high power. To address this issue, CTI proposes a unique, high-power optical waveguide amplifier (WGA) laser source with a mode propagation that is radically different from standard waveguide and fiber designs. Otherwise, it’s properties are similar to fibers-the WGA is mechanically flexible, compact, light weight, efficient, cost-effective, in meter-class lengths. Additional exceptional properties include: preservation of spatial coherence, beam quality, and polarizaton; a geometry amenable to being pumped by high power laser diode arrays with minimal coupling optics; large surface area for reduced thermal loading; and potentially scalable to kilowatts of cw power or tens of millijoules pulsed output. A Nd- or Yb-doped WGA pumped by laser-diode arrays is proposed that will result in high power output in the most efficient and compact design. A completely passive-conduction-cooled system is possible by utilizing CTI’s “hot laser diode” technology. The WGA is ideal for space-based and technical airborne lasers where resources are at a premium. This novel waveguide design will find wide commercial applicability in the high power laser market, especially in materials processing. CTI’s experience in flight-worthy laser systems helps ensure a successful Phase I/II program. |
| FRACTAL SYSTEMS, INC.
14200 Carlson Circle Tampa, FL 33626 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(813) 854-4332
Matt Aldissi BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | Novel Ferromagnetic Materials for Electromagnetic Ammunition Devices |
| Abstract: | Recent activities in the development of electromagnetic directed energy for defense against missiles have focused on compact explosive driven sources of high power microwaves among several other technologies. There exist several issues which need to be addressed in order to bring this technology to fruition, one of which is the ferromagnetic material used in these sources. In Phase I, we will investigate the preparation and characterization of ferromagnetic particles whose surface is modified to achieve the desired characteristics, which depend on the directed energy application. The modified particles will be fully characterized in this preliminary effort to assess their suitability in this type of application. During the Phase I program, we will also establish the necessary collaborations towards conducting tests of our materials in the appropriate devices in Phase II. If successful, this effort will establish a precedent for taking this technology further towards useful compact high power microwave devices |
| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Rd. Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1281
Lawrence E. Myers BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | Tunable UV Solid-State Laser Source |
| Abstract: | This Phase I SBIR program will develop an ultraviolet (UV) source, specifically a diode-pumped solid-state laser which produces 1W power in a continuous-wave (CW) format tunable in the spectral range 300-350 nm. We will use a cw mode-locked laser at 1 micron as the pump source for a cascaded optical parametric oscillator and sum-frequency generator, followed by a second harmonic output stage. The technology advances that make this innovation possible are high power diode pumps and solid state laser architectures, passive semiconductor saturable absorber modelockers, and efficient microstructured nonlinear materials. Compared to current systems, this all-solid-state device will offer lower operating costs through increased reliability, higher efficiency, and longer lifetime, and better performance through high power, diffraction-limited beam quality, and wavelength selection capability |
| OZ ELECTRO-OPTICS, INC.
2043 De Mayo Road, Inc. Del Mar, CA 92014 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 481-0218
Oved Zucker BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | Current Multipliers for Pulsed Power Systems |
| Abstract: | A current multiplying circuit modification to PRS type x-ray simulators is proposed that increases the x-ray yield from a given bank by as much a factor of 2. The increased efficiency can be used to both reduce the size and cost of the next generation of simulators and to increase the utilization of existing simulators presently in the DTRA inventory |
| POWDERMET, INC.
9960 Glenoaks Blvd., Unit A Sun Valley, CA 91352 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 768-6420
Andrew J. Sherman BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | High Stiffness Dimensionally Stable Mirror |
| Abstract: | In the proposed SBIR program, Powdermet will demonstrate the feasibility of producing near net-shape Gr-reinforced syntactic SiC foam mirror structures. Powdermet will utilize an innovative combination of microencapsulation, powder metallurgy, and reaction bonding in addition to the use of carbon and silica microballoons, to produce extremely lightweight, low CTE, thermally stable mirror structures. The resultant structures will consist of a reaction bonded Gr/SiC mirror surface graded into a syntactic, Gr-reinforced syntactic SiC foam made net-shape using a slip-cast and sinter consolidation technique. The mirror structure will be built up onto plaster molds and sintered, eliminating all but the final stages of polishing. The ability to eliminate all but the final stages of polishing will allow for the fabrication of high optical quality structures having significantly lower areal density, at lower processing costs. Thermal distortion and density will be minimized through the use of Gr-reinforced SiC syntactic foam, which has an approximate density and thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of 600Kg/m3 and 1.3 ppm/K respectively with a modulus of over 60 Gpa. By producing syntactic foam honeycomb supports, the density will be further reduced to less than 250 Kg/M3 while sacrificing less than 35% of the structural stiffness. |
| SCIENTIFIC MATERIALS CORP.
310 Icepond Road Bozeman, MT 59715 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(406) 585-3772
Randy W. Equall BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | High Power Narrow Bandwidth Reflectors |
| Abstract: | DOD and other government agencies as well as commercial laser manufacturers have a strong need for high power narrow reflectors. Two specific examples of immediate importance are 940 nm Nd lasers for water vapor lidar, and high energy 1.03um Yb lasers. These lasers require optics with high reflection associated with antireflection less than 70 nm apart. Such optics are extremely difficult to fabricate with existing thin films coating technology. This SBIR project is aimed at addressing these limitations by developing optics based on distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) in bulk optical materials. The production of DBR optics will be accomplished by incorporating periodic refractive index gratings in optical quality crystals by an innovative process developed in part through previous NASA SBIR projects aimed at producing ultra-high perfection materials for laser gain media. By precisely controlling growth parameters, compositional variations can be incorporated in crystalline materials. These compositional variations result in an associated refractive index grating that can form a DBR. Optics based on this technology would be tunable and have high damage thresholds. This project will demonstrate the capability of systematically producing periodic refractive index variations index in bulk materials and characterize their applicability as optical components. |
| SUPER-PULSE
1452 Hanshaw Rd. Ithaca, NY 14850 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(607) 255-6474
Czeslaw Golkowski BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | High Power Microwave Pulse Sources of Coherent Microwave Radiation for Distance Disabling of Electronic Devices |
| Abstract: | Among different methods using electomagnetic impact to disable radio-electronic devices the most effective one is the use of a series of video pulses of duration – 10 ns. A series of such pulses with repetition rates of several hundred hertz lowers the sensitivity of protection circuits by up to two orders of magnitude. We propose to use microwaves as a carrier frequency with video modulation. Microwave radiation can be formed as a narrow wave beam that sufficiently increases the power flow on the target, consequently increasing the processes of rectification in the irradiated radioelectronic elements. This combination of using a narrow directed wave beam with pulses of duration of about 10 ns will generate an effective tool for far distance disabling of electronic circuits. A mobile device using a high-power L-band vircator already exists and operates in the single pulse regime. However, the vircator cannot operate as a HPM generator of high rate repetition pulses because of the position of electrodes in the interaction space. The proposed development of HPM X-band sources which are capable of operating at a high repetition rate, with bursts of short pulses and in automodulation regimes, will permit us to build a far distance HPM disabling device consisting of a system of focusing the wave beam and a high current electron gun able to operated at high repetition rate pulses. In addition to functioning as an electromagnetic impact device such a set-up can also be used for distance testing of radioelectronic devices and as a nanosecond radar with high interference immunity and high resolution. |
| V CO.
388 Ocean Avenue, Suite 1613 Revere Beach, MA 02151 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 284-1011
Scott R. Velazquez BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | Very High-Performance Advanced Filter Bank Analog-to-Digital Converter (AFB ADC) |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project demonstrates a breakthrough approach to very high-speed, high-resolution A/D conversion which improves the speed by up to six times the state-of-the-art by using a parallel array of individual converters. The significant performance improvements afforded by the Advanced Filter Bank Analog-to-Digital Converter (AFB ADC) architecture will be demonstrated in Phase I by building and testing a pre-prototype breadboard implementation of the front-end electronics of a 14-bit AFB ADC system with 260 MHz sample rate (four times the speed of state-of-the-art). A faster, single chip 14-bit AFB ADC with 390 MHz sample rate will be developed in Phase II. V Company and Raytheon E-Systems in Falls Church, VA have formed a strategic alliance to collaborate on this project. The architecture works because the filter bank signal processing significantly reduces the sensitivity to analog mismatches (e.g., phase distortion, clock skew, temperature drift) which prohibit existing parallel conversion methods (e.g., Time-Interleaving) from achieving high resolution. V Company has proven the technical efficacy of the concept by successfully building and testing breadboard circuitry with 12-bit resolution and 80 MHz sample rate. The AFB ADC architecture will always exceed the state-of-the-art because it can easily be upgraded as new, more powerful ADC products become available. The architecture is amenable to single-chip integration for compact, low-power applications. |
| WAVEFRONT SCIENCES, INC.
15100 Central Avenue S.E., Suite C Albuquerque, NM 87123 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 275-4747
Dr. Daniel R. Neal BMDO 99-001 |
| Title: | Ultrafast Phase Modulators for Wavefront Correction, Beam Steering and Communication |
| Abstract: | The bandwidth of current generation communications and adaptive optics is limited by the bandwidth of the either mechanical or electronic systems. There are a number of new applications that would be enabled if this bandwidth could be significantly increased. This includes adaptive optics for seeker window turbulence correction for Theater Missile Defense interceptors such as the THAAD or ARROW missiles, or ultra-high speed communications for theater or strategic missions. The limitation on this bandwidth is the modulator design. Current electro-optical modulators are limited to < 100 MHz. However, by building an array of such modulators, we can taker advantage of the parallelism to effectively increase the bandwidth of the channel. This means that instead of bit by bit serial encoding, we could use full word encoding. This process is fully scalable as additional channels are added. We propose to develop one- and two dimensional optoelectronic modulator arrays that can be driven at up 1 GHz rate with TTL pulses. Applications range from instantaneous wavefront correction, ultrafast beam steering, pulsed-beam diagnostics and ultrafast communication |
| CASTLE TECHNOLOGY CORP.
P.O. Box 5 Lexington, MA 02420 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 861-0054
J. Paul Pemsler BMDO 99-002 |
| Title: | Electrochemical Coating of Complex Carbon-Carbon Parts for Low Mass Divert Propulsion Systems |
| Abstract: | Axial and divert motors and nozzles require complex shapes which are light weight, strong and shock resistant at high temperatures. Carbon-carbon (C-C) is an ideal material for this application and can be formed into net shape components at low cost. Heretofore, C-C has been limited in its use at 3000-4000F by the lack of an adequate coating. Castle Technology is developing the CAFRIB system in which metal is electrochemically infiltrated into matrix-free surface layers of C-C to form a surface metal matrix composite. This unique coating can withstand the large stresses which develop during firing due to the thermal expansion mismatch between C-C and the protective metal coating. Rhenium (Re) parts have been identified as suitable for propulsion systems. However, they have high launch weights and are very expensive to fabricate. Re-CAFRIB combines the best properties of C-C and Re at low cost. During Phase I, we will investigate the feasibility of electrochemically infiltrating Re into complex C-C shapes to produce uniformly coated Re-CAFRIB. Simulated valves, balls and diverts will be prepared from C-C. Electrochemical cell modelling software will be used to establish electrode and cell parameters for uniform deposition. Coating uniformity, determined by SEM, will be used to refine experimental parameters. |
| GENEVA AEROSPACE, INC.
P.O.Box 613018 Dallas, TX 75261 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(940) 440-9099
David A. Felio BMDO 99-002 |
| Title: | Advanced Robust Adaptive Autopilot Design |
| Abstract: | The concept of adaptive control design has appealed to the weapon systems design community for decades. Motivating factors for continued research in adaptive flight control technology include, but are not limited to the potential for reduced development costs and the increased design versatility afforded airframe designers. Although there are few adaptive autopilots flying today, some success has been achieved in industry in the adaptive control of air vehicles. The price that is typically paid with adaptive control techniques, however is algorithm and software complexity. These complexities increase significantly when the controllers are forced to operate in regions where the vehicle aerodynamics are highly non-linear. We have developed a break-though approach in adaptive vehicle control that is virtually trivial to implement, is highly robust, and is easily adaptable to the non-linear scenario. The proposed research will prove the robustness and technical feasibility of our adaptive autopilot design technique. This research effort will also provide the opportunity to formulate the adaptive autopilot observer to include the estimation of non-linear aerodynamic parameters required by our non-linear autopilot structure. The development of an adaptive non-linear autopilot will also serve to exploit and expand upon our existing non-linear design technique. |
| MORGAN RESEARCH CORP.
2707 Artie Street, Suite 17 Huntsville, AL 35805 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 533-3233
Michael S. Kranz BMDO 99-002 |
| Title: | MEMS Gyroscope for Measuring Angular Velocity in a High Frequency Shock and Vibration Environment |
| Abstract: | The scope of this effort is to develop a MEMS vibratory rate gyroscope for measuring high angular rates in the harsh environment seen in missile system applications. The design incorporates an innovative vibration cancellation technique that will allow the device to provide accurate measurements even when experiencing large shocks and vibrations |
| QUOIN, INC.
139 Balsam Ave Ridgecrest, CA 93555 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 384-5035
Michael Dean Jacobson BMDO 99-002 |
| Title: | Kinetic Energy Kill Vehicles and Components |
| Abstract: | Kinetic Energy (KE) warheads perform guidance and control functions with command guidance and terminal IR guidance. Control is achieved through the use of divert and attitude control thrusters which cause reduced IR sensitivity. Quoin proposes to develop a hot gas filter that can remove contaminants, particularly carbon particles, from the gas generator. Three concepts will be evaluated by analysis and/or rocket firings at Quoin facilities. We will develop not only representative propellants to fuel our test weight motors, but will also develop techniques measure efficiency of the filter performance. The most promising concept is to temporally trap the particles in the rocket chamber so that the water present in the propellant gas can oxidize the carbon. Another concept will involve passing the combustion gases through convoluted passages and trapping the carbon on the passage walls. Techniques such as electrostatic filtration will be assessed to determine if they would aid in the process. Other techniques that will cause the particles to agglomerate will also be evaluated. The concept that displays the best performance will be fabricated for evaluation by the Naval Air Warfare Center to determine the Quoin filtering efficiency. |
| ULTRAMET
12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(818) 899-0236
Jerry W. Brockmeyer BMDO 99-002 |
| Title: | Small Particle Filtration to Minimize Kinetic Energy Interceptor Divert/Attitude Control System Plume Impact on Seeker Performance |
| Abstract: | Miniature kinetic energy interceptors designed to destroy missiles by direct impact at high altitude operate using hot liquid or solid propellant combustion gases for attitude control and divert maneuvering. The combustion of solid propellant grains produces not only gaseous products but particulate as well. While filters are provided to remove large particles from the gas stream that might cause malfunction of the valve, small particles are carried along with the gas. Particles smaller than one micron do not degrade valve performance, but in the exhaust plume they degrade the seeker performance. Concerns associated with particle efflux include Prandtl-Meyer wraparound in front of the seeker and hot particle irradiance “blinding” or affecting the seeker for long-range missions, where the threat object is dim. In this project, Ultramet proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of an innovative filtration concept for <1-micron particles that will not cause deleterious pressure or clogging problems. Ultramet will team with Thiokol to ensure success and demonstrate hot-fire performance. |
| ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS, INC.
2020 Alameda Padre Serra, Suite 123 Santa Barbara, CA 93103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 966-3331
Roger Stettner BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Advanced Discrimination Ladar Receiver |
| Abstract: | This is a proposal for an Advanced Discrimination Ladar Receiver (ADLR). The ADLR concept is based upon state-of-the-art integrated circuits and image tube technology. The concept is very innovative with enormous potential for increasing performance above existing multiple-independent-channel, discrimination-ladar-receiver designs used for reentry vehicle and decoy discrimination. Simulations show the range resolution of the ADLR is less than 15 cm and the spatial resolution is, for practical purposes, limited only by chip size; 128 x 128 pixels are possible. Data is multiplexed off the integrated circuit readout chip during laser pulses and so the receiver is not limited by real-time, multiple-independent-channel processing. A 12-bit digitizer can easily be used at the output of the sensor; real-time designs are limited to 2-3 bits. There are also substantial reductions in weight and size over the conventional receiver approach |
| ALAMEDA APPLIED SCIENCES CORP.
1555 Doolittle Drive, Suite 100 San Leandro, CA 94577 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 483-4156
Jochen Schein BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Diamond laser profiler for sub-nanosecond resolution measurements within high power UV laser beams |
| Abstract: | Alameda Applied Sciences Corporation (AASC) proposes to develop and commercialize a low-cost, reliable, radiation hardened and rugged diamond laser profiler for near UV to x-ray radiation. This instrument can be inserted directly into a high power laser beam to measure the power distribution inside the beam with high spatial and temporal resolution. During Phase I AASC proposes a proof of principle demonstration with a 3 x 3 diamond array detector with 500 µm resolution. Two different detector designs will be tested: A detector array consisting of close packaging of discrete diamonds and a monolithic detector where one large diamond is subdivided into small pixels. During Phase II the system will be scaled up to a larger numbers of pixels and a prototype will be developed with an automated computer controlled readout that allows the display of the beam profile as an image. With additional calibration these detector arrays can also work as laser power meters. Examples of applications in which the shape of the beam profile is important range from laser based weapons and sophisticated plasma diagnostics to laser cutting of metals. The diamond laser profiler will be a key enabling technology in these areas |
| AVYD DEVICES, INC.
P.O. Box 7942 Huntington Beach, CA 92646 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(714) 751-8553
Honnavalli Ramaswamy Vyd BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Molecular Beam Epitaxy Grown Nitride Based p-i-n UV Detectors |
| Abstract: | Avyd Devices proposes to develop a nitride based UV detector technology entailing the growth of GaN and GaAlN p-i-n structures via Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) growth technique with emphasis on reducing the contact resistance to the p layer of the p-i-n structure. With our approach, we anticipate to develop UV detectors with much enhanced sensitivity and speed. In Phase I, we plan to establish the feasibility of our approach with demonstration of detectors in single element and linear array formats. In Phase II, we plan to demonstrate reproducibility of the approach with demonstration and delivery of large density two dimensional arrays, exibiting state-of-the art in performance |
| BIPOLAR TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
4724 North Brentwood Circle Provo, UT 84604 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(801) 378-3848
Rodney M. LaFollette BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Microscopic Power Supplies for Remote, Autonomous Sensors and Other MEMS Devices |
| Abstract: | The power supply has been the biggest obstacle to inexpensive, functional, autonomous remote sensors. The nature of this obstacle has been the need to store energy on-board, and existing energy storage options are wholly unsatisfactory. Our company has demonstrated microscopic batteries, for use in remote sensors, and other MEMS devices, which can serve to enable remote, autonomous sensor technology. The goal of this program is to create miniature, remote, autonomous sensors. The sensors will include a MEMS sensing element, a signal transmitter, and a microprocessor controller, and an energy conversion device. The entire sensor will occupy approximately 1 cm3, and will operate at <1mW average power. A wide variety of different sensor types are possible with this paradigm. Furthermore, new types of sensors can be developed and made both quickly and inexpensively. Phase I will involve proof-of concept demonstration of one or two such devices, and careful design of integrated, autonomous sensors for remote applications |
| BRIMROSE CORP.OF AMERICA
5020 Campbell Boulevard Baltimore, MD 21236 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 668-5800
Sudhir B. Trivedi BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Development Of Room Temperature, Miniaturized, Tunable Mid-infrared Lasers Using Chromium Doped Cd1-xMnxTe and Cobalt Doped Zn1-xMnxTe |
| Abstract: | Lasers operating in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region have overwhelming importance to commercial, space and military applications such as remote sensing/measurement of atmospheric aerosols, clouds, molecular species and meteorological parameters. Brimrose Corporation, in collaboration with Dr. Uwe Hommerich at Hampton University, has developed a novel; tunable room temperature solid-state laser material using transition metal doped Cd1-xMnxTe {1-10}. We have obtained room temperature lasing in Cr:Cd1-xMnxTe and we have seen low temperature luminescence in Co:Cd1-xMnxTe indicating its potential for use as a mid-infrared laser medium. During the proposed work, we will focus our efforts on developing materials for room temperature mid-infrared lasing, and we will fabricate a prototype room temperature, solid-state, tunable mid-IR laser. We will continue our investigation of Cr: Cd0.55Mn0.45Te and optimize this material for improved mid-infrared laser performance; and we will investigate the material system cobalt doped Zn1-xMnxTe for room temperature mid-infrared lasing. Based on prior work [11-14], we believe that Co:Zn1-xMnxTe has an excellent potential for exhibiting room temperature mid-infrared lasing up to 4um. During Phase I, we will concentrate our efforts on optimization of the laser materials and we will fabricate a prototype room temperature, mid-IR tunable solid-state laser system. |
| BSEI
1453 Beulah Road Vienna, VA 22182 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(703) 759-4518
Terence William Barrett BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Wavelet Pattern Detection ATR (WPD-ATR) |
| Abstract: | The goal of this proposal is to improve the figure-of-merit of the focus of attention stage of automatic target recognition (ATR) by developing a novel hierarchical multi-resolution prescreening architecture addressing: (A) new sensory input filtering methods that highlight target discriminating features and discard nonrelevant features; and (B) a more complete characterization of targets, decoys and clutter by modeling both the representations at each scale and across scales by means of learned generative nonlinear models. the combination of improvements (A) and (B) is represented in our Wavelet Pattern Detection (WPD-ATR) approach incorporating the prescreening of input to a nonlinear adaptive system (neural net). The WPR-ATR is designed for ultrahigh resolution sensors/radars - e.g., TeraHertz sensors/radars - and testable either in conjunction with such sensors/radars as a hardware-in-the-loop demonstration of as simulation/emulation on BMDO's VDHTB. |
| CDES, INC.
P.O.Box 22321 Huntsville, AL 35814 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 881-8250
John A. Dennis BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Frequency Domain Signal Processing for Acoustic Sensors |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of separating cruise missile class targets when there are multiple targets observed by the acoustic sensor. Several programs (e.g., steelrattler, FASDR) have addressed the use of small, remotely deployed acoustic sensors for collecting early warning and rough track on cruise missiles. Typically, the quality of track expected is not precise enough for use as fire control data, but rather is useful to cue fire control sensors. Acoustic sensors in this role maximize the time available to engage targets and provide very early warning of impending attack. Field experimentation has indicated that using acoustic sensor data to develop tracks of single targets is feasible and practical [Ref: Steadman, R., “Air Deliverable Acoustic Sensor (ADAS), Multi-Node Data Fusion for Tracking Fast Aerial Targets”, Textron Systems Division Briefing, October 1996]. The problem that has not been adequately addressed is how to develop tracks of multiple targets (cruise missiles) from acoustic data. The proposed work will demonstrate that by implementing frequency domain signal processing techniques to time slices of the data, the variation in doppler characteristics from tow or several targets can be used to separate the signatures of multiple targets. |
| CERAMARE CORP.
262 Lincoln Ave. Highland Park, NJ 08904 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 445-2724
Robert Uhrin BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Growth and Processing of Beta-BaB2O4 for UV Applications |
| Abstract: | Borates have an intrinsic band edge below 200 nm, which makes them attractive for optical applications in the deep UV. The birefringence of beta-BaB204 (BBO) is large enough to allow phase matching down to the band edge, so crystal growth and processing innovations that improve transmission and the damage threshold in the UV can have a beneficial effect on harmonic generation. This project focuses on the preparation of starting materials for BBO crystal growth, crystal growth of BBO using the Czochralski technique to avoid the alpha/beta phase transition, and post growth to improve optical properties of the crystals. The successful completion of a Phase I effort should demonstrate the feasibility of rapid growth of BBO crystals combined with post-growth processing that leads to potentially lower extrinsic losses than in solution-grown crystals. The damage resistance of crystals processed using these techniques is also expected to be higher than in solution-grown crystals |
| CERAMARE CORP.
262 Lincoln Ave. Highland Park, NJ 08904 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 445-2724
Robert Uhrin BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | High Temperature Growth of Rare Earth Orthophosphate Crystals for X-ray and Gamma-ray Detection |
| Abstract: | Because of a fortuitous combination of high density, high light yield, and fast decay time a cerium-doped rare earth orthophosphate (REOP) crystal, Ce:LuPO4, offers an opportunity to improve detection of x-rays and gamma-rays. A new approach to high temperature solutioin (HTS) growth of CE:LuPO4 crystals is proposed. The Phase I research will test the feasibility of using a novel environmentally benign solvent to replace the lead-based flux currently used to grow such crystals. Optimization of the technique will provide not only larger and better quality crystals for x-ray and gamma-ray detection but also an opportunity to develop efficient and more compact instruments and devices. For example, it is estimated that successful completion of this research will result in a reduction of more than an order of magnitude in the number of crystals required for a PET instrument. Furthermore, the new solvent can be applied to the growth of all REOP crystals, some of which have potential application as ultraviolet, visible, and infrared lasers or as polarizers and optical isolators. Thus, the ready availability of REOP crystals should ultimately satisfy not only defense department needs but also benefit health and medical industry needs through improved instrumentation |
| DEAN APPLIED TECHNOLOGY CO., INC.
1580 SPARKMAN DRIVE #103 HUNTSVILLE, AL 35816 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(256) 721-9550
WILLIAM GARLAND DEAN BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | AN EFFICIENT, LONG LIFE, LIGHTWEIGHT, LOW COST REFRIGERATION SYSTEM USING A SOLID MAGNETOCALORIC MATERIAL AS THE REFRIGERANT |
| Abstract: | The objective of this effort is to determine the feasibility of designing, fabricating and testing a sensor cooler which uses solid materials as the refrigerant. These materials demonstrate the unique property known as the magnetocaloric effect, which means that they increase and decrease in temperature when magnetized/demagnetized. This effect has been observed for many years and was used for cooling near absolute zero. Recently, materials are being developed which have sufficient temperature and entropy change to make them useful for a wide range of temperature applications. The proposed effort includes magnetocaloric effect material selection, analyses, design and integration of components into a preliminary design. Benefits of this design are lower cost, longer life, lower weight and higher efficiency because it only requires one moving part - the rotating disk on which the magneto caloric material is mounted. The unit uses no gas compressor, no pumps, no working fluid, no valves, and no ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons/hydrochlorofluorocarbons (CFC's/HCFC's). Potential commercial applications include cooling of electronics, superconducting components used in telcommunications equipment (cell phone base stations), home and commercial refrigerators, heat pumps, air conditioning for homes, offices and automobiles, and virtually any place that refrigeration is needed. |
| DYNAMIC STRUCTURES & MATERIALS, LLC
309 Williamson Square Franklin, TN 37064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 595-6665
Clayton R. Carter BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | A Novel Magnetic Field Sensor |
| Abstract: | Proposed is the development of a novel magnetic field sensor comprised of two smart materials: piezoelectric ceramics, and magnetostrictive materials. Similar to a bi-metallic strip, this sensor consists of a thin beam of a substrate material with a thin wafer of piezoelectric material bonded to one side, and a thin wafer of magnetostrictive material bonded to the other. When the sensor is exposed to a magnetic field, the magnetostrictive material will strain thereby forcing the entire structure to bend. The bending will result in induced strain in the piezoelectric material and an induced voltage field across the piezoceramic. The induced strain on the piezoelectric material will generate a measurable potential across the poling axis of the piezoceramic, which will be proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field. The sensor itself will require no external power to produce a signal. The proposed sensor will be reliable, possess no moving parts, small, rugged, and inexpensive when produced in large quantities |
| EPITAXIAL LABORATORY, INC.
25 East Loop Road Stony Brook, NY 11790 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(516) 444-6114
Jie Piao BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | A Novel Buffer Layer Approach to Epitaxy of InSb on Si for HgCdTe Focal Plane Array Application |
| Abstract: | Up to date, InSb and HgCdTe are the industry standard materials for Infrared focal plan arrays(FPAs) operating in the wavelength regions of 3-5 mm and 8-14 mm (the so-called atmospheric windows).Due to the lack of suitable substrate, the detector arrays must be In bump -bonded to the read-out integrated circuit(ROIC) on Si substrates, which limits array sizes, yield, and stability. ELI proposes to develop high quality InSb on Si epitaxial wafers for large area InSb and HgCdTe based IRFPAs. ELI will apply a novel approach to incorporate a new composition graded buffer layer (CGBL)on Si substrate to reduce/eliminate the threading dislocation in the thin InSb epilayers grown on top of the CGBL. In phase I, design and growth of novel buffers will be carried out, and high quality InSb thin epiwafer will be demonstrated. The optimization of the CGBL and production of high quality Si based InSb epiwafers will be realized in phase II |
| EPITAXIAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC.
1450 South Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 455-5594
Dr. Olaleye Aina BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | InAs/GaInSb Based Detectors Sensitive to Radiation Beyond 16 um |
| Abstract: | Epitaxial Technologies proposed to develop a novel material technology for the implementation of infrared sensors capable of operation beyond 16µm. We will achieve this by performing device designs to determine suitable wafer configurations, material structures, epitaxial growth and device fabrication processes. The primary goal of this proposal Phase I effort is to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel approach to prepare InAs/GaInSB strained layer superlattices (SLS) on compliant substrates to demonstrate high performance far infrared detectors. By developing techniques for wafer bonding, materials growth and wafer processing. Epitaxial Technologies will project the performance that can be realized from the proposal InAs/GaInSb SLS detectors through material and device designs. In Phase II, we will further optimize the material structures and fabricate far infrared detectors and focal plane arrays based on them |
| F & H APPLIED SCIENCE ASSOC., INC.
305 Pembrook Avenue Moorestown, NJ 08057 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 235-6781
Tamera Ann Yost BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Infrared Phototube for Microwave Modulated Laser Radar Applications |
| Abstract: | This proposal concerns the development of a large area, high speed infrared sensitive photodetector with wide dynamic range and high gain needed for the development of microwave modulated lidar systems operating at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths of >1 micron. The project will be in collaboration with two manufacturing partners. This strategy should provide the fastest and most cost-effective technical and commercial success. The proposed photodetector is based on vacuum phototube technology with an active area of 1 mm2, gain of greater than 1000, and a bandwidth of 5 GHz which far exceeds the performance of commercially available large area NIR photodetectors. In Phase I we will develop a computer model of the NIR photodetector and devise a complete set of device fabrication and characterization processes. Phase I will show the feasibility of achieving superior performance. The proprietary design is described in the full proposal. The Phase II objective will be the fabrication of an optimally designed prototype device and the subsequent performance characterization. Phase II will demonstrate that this prototype provides superior sensor performance and will also address the manufacturing process to produce the highest device fabrication yield enabling successful Phase III commercialization. |
| INTELLIGENT AUTOMATION, INC.
1715 Glastonberry Road Rockville, MD 20854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 590-3155
Binghui Li BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | High Sensitivity 4HSiC Avalanche Photodiodes Technology for UV Detection in Hostile Enviroments |
| Abstract: | SiC is very desirable for radiation hard UV photodiode applications because of its large bandgap and the ability to grow native thermal oxide to achieve good surface passivation. Although conventional 6H-SiC photodiodes with very small dark current have been demonstrated several years ago, there are no reports on SiC avalanche photodiodes (APDs). Because their operation requires avalanche impact ionization, the SiC APDs impose more stringent requirements on the SiC wafer quality and device process. With the built-in current gain, SiC APD devices should be more suitable for UV detection applications at higher temperatures. A prerequisite to realizing SiC APDs is to obtain reliable avalanche breakdown, and this has been achieved for 4H-SiC pn diode with recent advancement in SiC material growth and device fabrication processes. So, it now should be possible to develop 4H-SiC APDs using commercial available SiC materials. During phase I, the proposed SiC APD structure suitable for ultra-violet light (<0.3mm) will be optimized based on device simulation, and prototype devices will be fabricated and evaluated. Phase II will focus on improving device process to provide reliable APDs for UV detection at high temperatures |
| IRIDICOM, INC.
829 Salsipuedes St., Unit C Santa Barbara, CA 93103 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(805) 893-8465
T.G. Beck Mason BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Rapidly Tunable Laser Source For True Time Delay Beam Steering of Phased Array Radar |
| Abstract: | We propose to develop a high speed tunable semiconductor laser source for tue time delay beam steering of phased array radar antenna systems. The source will be based on a widely tunable multi-section integrated semiconductor laser with all electronic tuning. We will develop a control system that will enable rapid reconfiguration of the laser to any desired wavelength. This system will incorporate a wavelength monitor that can track the laser wavelength over it’s entire tuning range and multiple high speed current sources for conrol of the laser. The wavelength monitor will be based on a hybrid optoelectronic system that is insensitive to the optical power level over a wide dynamic range and provides a high degree of accuracy and stability. |
| KESTREL CORP.
6020 Academy Boulevard N.E., Suite 104 Albuquerque, NM 87109 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(505) 345-2327
L. John Otten, III BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Chromatic Correction for Multi and Hyperspectral Imagers |
| Abstract: | Kestrel Corporation proposes a new technology that can overcome the chromatic induced optical aberrations broadband imaging systems such as multi and hyperspectral imagers. This technology has the potential of correcting one of the limiting factors in the ultimate spectral and spatial resolution that can be obtained in these critical sensors. In this Phase I SBIR, we will first incorporated the new technology into existing analytic models to parametrically assess the potential and second, demonstrated the effectiveness in a laboratory experiment. Finally we will propose a conceptual design for incorporating the chromatic correction into a set of existing sensors and estimate the performance improvements that can be expected. The proposed technique is an adaptation of a distorted grating developed to make atmospheric measurements allowing us to take advantage of an existing theoretical base. By applying the distorted grating to correct chromatic correction into a set of an existing theoretical base. By applying the distorted grating to correct chromatic distortion in multi and hyperspectral imagers we offer the opportunity to greatly increase the spectral bandwidth and improve the spatial resolution while reducing the need for costly custom optics for this emerging class of new sensor technologies. An adaptation of the distorted grating to chromatic corrections has received high interest in the bio-medical imaging community offering a clear route to commercialization. |
| LIGHTWAVE ELECTRONICS CORP.
2400 Charleston Rd. Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(650) 526-1281
Lawrence E. Myers BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | High-Power Mid-Infrared Laser Source |
| Abstract: | High-power cw-like source of mid-infrared radiation are needed for infrared countermerasure systems that employ closed loop jamming. The spectral range 4.5-5 microns is particularly difficult to obtain with current systems. The overall technical objective of this program is sto develop a high-power cw-like source in the mid-infrared with emphasis on the range 4.5-5 microns. The system will be based on converted diode-pumped solid-state laser. The approach is to increase the conversion in an absorption length of the nonlinear material so that significant conversion is obtained even in the region of strong absorption. We will use a mode-locked laser to have high pump intensity, and quasi-phasematching to have high nonlinerity. Our pump laser will be a passively mode-locked Nd:YAG laser at 1 micron for robustness and manufacturability. The frequency converter will be a synchronously pumped OPO. Our baseline material will be PPLN, but we will also use other periodically poled ferroelectrics, notabley periodically poled MgO-doped LiNbO3. |
| MITCHELL/STIRLING MACHINES/SYSTEMS, INC
151 Alvarado Rd. Berkeley, CA 94705 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(510) 845-2528
Matthew P. Mitchell BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Pulse Tube Cooler With Cycle-Synchronized Heat Transfer |
| Abstract: | Pulse tube cryocoolers are the cutting edge of regenerative cryocooler development. Their simplicity, ruggedness and reliability recommend them over older technology. Innovative improvements (the double inlet, the inertance tube) have brought orifice pulse tube cooler performance into the range of Stirling and Gifford-McMahon coolers. Double inlets and inertance tubes improve phasing of flows at the warm end of a pulse tube. However, both double inlets and inertance tubes are bulky and, in some respects, balky. The double inlet approach requires careful calibration of the bypass flow between compressor and pulse tube. DC flow is possibe, and common. The double inlet does not always work well, or at all. Inertance tubes work well only with relatively large pulse tube coolers running at relatively high speeds. Efficiency of all regenerative coolers remains far below Carnot limits and much more improvement is possible. This proposal applies the magnetocaloric effect to modify flow phasing of a pulse tube cryocooler. It offers a compact, simple improvement with no moving parts. |
| NOVA MANAGEMENT, INC.
400 Camino Agujito Monterey, CA 93940 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 465-6173
Gerald T. McKindles BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Detection of Low Signature Moving Targets by Use of a Backround Detection System (BDS) |
| Abstract: | The detection of low signature moving targets is enhanced and made possible by the application of a technique developed and proven by the Institute of Control Science (ICS) of the Russion Academy of Sciences (RAS). This method has been tested in their laboratory, and in the field using an air defense radar. The Background Detection System (BDS) employs an algorithm developed by ICS/RAS which not only makes detection possible, but also the determination of the targets' dynamic and geometrical parameters. By using two Synthetic Array Radars (SARs) synchronously it is possible to determine the targets' 3D coordinates, and recongnize its' shape. During this program Nova Management, Inc. (Nova) will analyze the applicability of BDS to SAR radar systems, and develop interfaces between them and the BDS algorithm. ICS/RAS will be a subcontractor to Nova, and assist in preparing a simulation of the system. Nova and ICS/RAS currently are teamed together on two on-going DOD contracts. They jointly have experience and capabilities required to successfully achieve outstanding results on bi-national programs. Distribution and access to all data will be in accord with DOD directives, and the specific authorizations of BMDO |
| NZ APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
8A Gill Street Woburn, MA 01801 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(781) 935-2030
Feng Zhou BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Novel Electrical Field Sensor Based on Functional Material Coated Optical Fibers |
| Abstract: | Recently NZ Applied Technologies (NZAT) has successfully coated on standard single-mode optical fibers with resistive, piezoelectric, magnetostrictive materials such as Ti/Pt, ZnO, PZT, PLZT, FeCo and Terfenol-D. This technology opens a new area for fiber-optic sensor applications by using the functions provided by these thin film coatings. For examples, resistive coatings can be used to heat an optical fiber, while piezoelectric coatings can be used to strain the fiber. Localized changes in the fiber waveguiding properties can be achieved by electrically activating the fiber coating. These coated fibers show promise for applications such as optical phase shifters, modulators and dynamic fiber Bragg gratings (DFBG) with tunable reflectivity. In this proposal, we will use the coating technique developed by NZ Applied Technologies (NZAT) to demonstrate high sensitive electric field fiber-optic sensors, by combining the advantages of fiber optic sensors with active thin films coatings. The sensitivity of an FBG sensor is expected to be significantly enhanced by using a piezoelectric coating. |
| PHOTOBIT CORP.
135 N. Los Robles Ave., 7th Floor Pasadena, CA 91101 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 685-5152
Vladimir Berezin BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Large Focal Plane Array with Ultra High Density CMOS APS |
| Abstract: | The proposed innovation is the development of a cost efficient, high-resolution CMOS APS digital camera-on-a-chip for ballistic missile defense applications, providing early warning of attack, target detection, classification and tracking. A proprietary innovative APS design allows Photobit to attain the world's smallest pixel size. It is a high performance, low power, compact and cost efficient CMOS image sensor technology that provides resolution, sensitivity and dynamic range competitive with CCDs yet offers significant system advantages. In Phase I, optimal architectures will be investigated to achieve both excellent image quality and a reasonable chip size. The technical feasibility will be studied of obtaining an ultra-high resolution that conforms to 4Kx4K focal plane array with a density of almost 300lines/mm (3.5x3.5mm pixel size), a dynamic range of over 60dB(10bit), a frame rate of up to 30Hz, and an output data flow of around 5Gbit/sec. The main circuitry to implement the 16Mpixel camera-on-a-chip will be designed and simulated. The physical layout of entire imager will be determined. The possibility of increasing the resolution to 400lines/mm (6Kx6K pixel array) by decreasing the pixel size to 2.5x2.5mm using 0.25mm CMOS process will be investigated. Special considerations for on-chip image processing and data coding will be suggested. |
| PROCOMM ENTERPRISES
2024 Pier Ave. Santa Monica, CA 90405 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 450-9892
Kevin W. Alt BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Development of GaN Based Microwave Power Amplifier for X Band Applications |
| Abstract: | The objective of this proposed SBIR is to develop new commercially affordable high power, high efficient microwave power amplifiers based on GaN heterostructure field effect transistors (HFET). Compact, lightweight and efficient microwave power amplifiers are needed for BMDO mobile radar systems application. GaN HFET has been demonstrated under the sponsorship of a BMDO program to have excellent micorwave characterization for X band applications – with much improved power density and thermal characteristics. This technological achievement in GaN based HFET suggests a potential major advance for high efficient, high power microwave amplifiers for application in lightweight phase array radars and mobile communications systems. In Phase I, we will study the design and assess the feasibility of prototyping the amplifier and the potential power performance for BMDO’s applications as well as for other defense and civilian sectors. Our plans also include the follow-on Phase II program in forming a joint business venture with a Los Angeles based company for prototype demonstration. Likewise, we have in plan to work on the manufacture of GaN HEMT’s with a major RF semiconductor manufacturer |
| Q-DOT, INC.
1069 Elkton Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80907 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(719) 590-1112
Michael E. Harrell BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Wideband SiGe ADC / Q-Dot Research Proposal 9574 |
| Abstract: | Q-DOT, together with its commercialization partners (Sanders and SPT) proposes to develop a wide bandwidth, monolithic, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using advanced silicon –germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology. The state-of-the-art commercially available, wide and ADCs is represented by the SPT7760 : 8 bits at 1 Gs /s with 900 MHz bandwidth. Q-DOT proposes a 10-bit ADC designed to operate at 3.2 Sc s with 2880 MHz bandwidth. At 4.2 W, this monolithic ADC is estimated to dissipate only 75% of the power dissipated by the SPT7760 (i.e., 5.5 W)! Since the ADC’s wafer will be fabricated by IBM on its SiGe BiCMOS production line, its production cost will be comparable to other silicon BiCMOS parts. Both Sanders, A Lockheed Company, and Signal Processing Technologies (SPT) will support the development. SPT offers extensive experience in high-speed folded/interpolated flash ADCs, as well as product insight from a commercial perspective. As a major innovator and producer of radar, communications, etc., for military use, Sanders will guide the program toward insertion into future BMDO systems as well as other military systems. Sanders is sufficiently intrigued with the application of this ADC to military systems that is very interested in investing at least $1 for each $1 BMDO invests under a FasTrack program. SPT has agreed to offer and support the ADC as a catalog item qualified for both commercial and military customers at competitive prices. BMDO support under FasTrack will bring this ADC to market in half the time it would otherwise take to do so. Let’s do it! |
| SCIENCE & ENGINEERING SERVICES, INC.
1420 King Street Alexandria, VA 22314 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(301) 989-1896
Coorg R. Prasad BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | A Rapidly Tunable, High Average Power All Solid State Mid-IR Laser Source |
| Abstract: | Rapidly tunable lasers are essential for diffractive beam steering and for the detection of clandestine chemical emissions, chemical and biological warfare agents as well as concealed combustion engines or rocket propellents from missiles. The success of operation of such detection systems depends critically on the rapid tunability and performance of the proposed laser. We will develop a high repetition rate (~1KHz), frequency agile (3-µm) , rapidly tunable (few KHz), 10mJ/pulse quasi phase-matched optical parametric oscillator (OPO), pumped by a diode pumped Yb: YAG tunable laser. Compactness and broad IR tuning range are obrained by utilizing a fixed PPRTA OPO and tuning the pump wavelength. Rapid tuning in MWIR (3-5-µm) is achieved through rapid tuning of Yb:YAG laser. In the proposed Yb:YAG laser a non-mechanical tuner based on a nonlinear optical crystal is used to obtain high speed tuning without compromising its ruggedness or performance. Employing all solid state technology from the pumping source to frequency tuner to frequency converter the proposed system is truly a versatile laser which can meet the rigor of a battle field or commercial operations. In Phase I, we will demonstrate high energy, rapid tuning, high repetition rate operations. In Phase I, we will demonstrate high energy, rapid tuning, high repetition rate operation of a MWIR OPO pumped by a Yb: YAG laser. |
| SENTOR TECHNOLOGIES
9467 Manorwood Dr. Mechanicsville, VA 23116 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(804) 550-0157
Philippe Lam BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Development of a Microwave-Based Gamma Radiation Detector (MiRaD) |
| Abstract: | Conventional photo-conductive and scintillation-based detectors have inherent limitations due to the fundamental problems associated with extracting secondary particles (electrons, holes or scintillation photons) from a detection medium. These problems include impurity attachment, low carrier mobility, hole trapping, recombination, electrode capacitance, non-uniform electric fields, poor electrical contacts and self-absorption in scintillators. Recent results by researchers at Sentor Technologies Inc. have demonstrated the potential for an entirely new class of gamma radiation detector based on microwave photo-conductivity. The contactless “MiRaD” detector can detect and quantify gamma-ray interactions in a material without directly collecting secondary particles and promises to offer properties far surpassing anything currently available. The phase I project will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed detector technology and will generate performance specifications. This will be accomplished through a combination of analytical modeling and experimental testing. |
| SMARTPIXEL, INC.
6598 Tealwood Dr. Lisle, IL 60532 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(312) 942-0841
Tae-Seok Lee BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Monolithically Integrated Multi-Color Megapixel HgCdTe Infrared Focal Plane Arrays |
| Abstract: | The availability of large amount format, multicolor, staring infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA’s) is of utmost importance for DOD mission for the next millennium. Due to its bandgap tunability in the entire IR range and its high quantum efficiency, HgCdTe is the material of choice for multicolor IRFPA’s. However, the development of large HgCdTe IRFPA’s based on current hybrid technology has been seriously impeded by the thermal expansion mismatch between Cd1-xZnxTe substrate and Si readout. In addition, hybrid technology suffers from severe drawbacks. Hence the monolithic integration of HgCdTe photodetectors to the Si readout multiplexer appears to be the most advanced technology for high performance very large IRFPA’s required for 3rd Generation sensors. In this Phase I project, we will design advanced, small pitch, multicolor (SWIR and MWIR), large format (1280 x 960) monolithic HgCdTe FPA’s. We propose also to demonstrate the feasibility of the monolithic integration of HgCdTe photodetectors to a compatible Si CMOS readout multiplexer. In order to achieve this goal, high quality CdTe(111)B and p-on-n SWIR HgCdTe will be grown by MBE on selected areas of high density silicon CMOS readout. Photodiodes will be fabricated and the monolithic integration of arrays in the format of 16 x 1 and 4 x 4 will be achieved. |
| SVT ASSOC., INC.
7620 Executive Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(612) 934-2100
Aaron M. Moy BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Indium Gallium Arsenide Antimonide Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors |
| Abstract: | This proposal addresses the need for better performance in IR detectors operating in the 2-10 micron range. SVT Associates proposes to investigate the application of Indium Gallium Arsenide Antimonide quantum dots (QD) to detectors and imaging arrays operating in this regime. The material structures will be grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Quantum confinement offers physical and electrical properties which are potentially advantageous to devices such as detectors. In Phase I, the QD alloy and growth conditions will be explored and characterized, and a prototype QD will be fabricated. In Phase II, detector performance will be refined and imaging arrays will be created based on these QD detectors. |
| UHV TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
113B West Park Drive Mount Laurel, NJ 08054 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(609) 608-0311
Nalin Kumar BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | A Highly Efficient Thermoelectric Cryocooler |
| Abstract: | There is a need for a compact, reliable, long life, low cost, low power consumption and low maintenance cryogenic cooler for infrared cooling applications. Currently available cryogenic systems have unreliable mechanically moving parts leading to less than desired lifetime. The current solid state thermoelectric coolers suffer from low efficiency and limitations on lowest achievable temperatures. We propose an advanced thermoelectric cryocooler concept that uses an innovative approach to combine a standard thermoelectric cooler with rapidly emerging vacuum microelectronic device technology. Most thermoelectric coolers have low efficiency due to the fact that all good thermoelectric materials also have relatively good thermal conductivity resulting in loss of cooling from the cold plate to the hot plate. We propose to increase the efficiency and temperature differential by inserting vacuum microelectronic devices in the n- and p- semiconductor legs of thermoelectric cooler. These devices have the property that they are good electrical conductors while being poor thermal conductors. Thus they act as thermal breaks without significantly affecting the electrical/thermoelectric behavior of the cooler. In Phase-I, we will perform closely coupled theoretical and experimental investigations to demonstrate the feasibility of this concept. In Phase-II, we will fabricate and optimize various cooler device structures. |
| URI
5930 W. Greenway Rd. Ste. 10-165 Glendale, AZ 85306 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(602) 978-1034
Graham Walker BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Low Cost, Long-Life, Miniature Cryocooler |
| Abstract: | This SmallBusiness Innovation Research Proposal is concerned with research and development of an low cost, compact, light weight, energy-efficient long-life, low maintenance, low mechanical vibration, low electromagnetic induction closed cycle refrigeration capable of providing 100 milliwatts of cooling at 10 K as well as cryogenic cooling at higher temperature. The refrigerator is intended for use with cryogenic sensors, and cold electronic devices, superconducting and semiconducting instruments, Josephson voltage standards and IR imaging cameras for both space-borne and terrestrial applications. The type of refrigerator proposed for development is an innovative novel variant of the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator with warm end expander. The pressure wave generators used for both stages are hydraulically driven diaphragm compressors. Diaphragm expanders are used for both warm end expanders. The expanders operate synchronously with the compressors but lead in phase by approximately one-quarte cycle. The pulse tubes are coaxial with and are enclosed within the regenerator matrices. The regenerator matrices comprise sintered metal powder elements of annular form. Rare earth metal powders are used for the regenerator elements at the lowest temperatures int he second stage. The two stages of the pulse tube generate refrigeration at two temperature levels in the range of 5 - 20 K in one case and 50 - 90 K in the other. The two stages may be deployed in an extended tandem geometry but the alternative folded parallel geometry is generally more convenient. |
| VIRGINIA MILLIMETER WAVE, INC.
706 Forest St., Suite D Charlottesville, VA 22903 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(804) 295-4994
Philip J Koh BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | A Novel Interconnection and Assembly System for MMIC Circuits |
| Abstract: | A new interconnection and assembly system is proposed for MMIC-based microwave circuits. This system has the potential to reduce assembly cost while significantly improving interconnect performance and repeatability |
| WAVEBAND CORP.
375 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 1105 Torrance, CA 90501 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(310) 212-7808
Dr. Vladimir Manasson BMDO 99-003 |
| Title: | Solid-State MMW Source Based on a Mode-Locked Laser Diode |
| Abstract: | WaveBand Corporation proposes to develop a new millimeter-wave (MMW) source compatible with MCM and MMIC technology. The MMW source is based on a specially designed passively mode-locked semiconductor laser (MLSL) with a ring cavity. It does not require coupling out of the radiation produced within the active region of the laser. A coplanar guiding line coupled to the saturable absorber will serve as the MMW probe coupling out the MMW electromagnetic waves produced by the device. The new source promises to be much less expensive than the state-of-the-art MMW sources employing outer MMW cavity and thus will find applications as a local oscillator in sensors, MMW radars, steering antennas, and other MMIC devices. |
| AMBER WAVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
35 Brick Mill Road Bedford, NH 03110 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(603) 425-1965
Mayank Bulsara BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | High Efficiency Thin Film Compound Photovoltaic on Si Substrates Using SiGe Interlayers |
| Abstract: | AmberWave proposes to demonstrate its proprietary technology in the epitaxial deposition of high-quality III-V compounds on Si substrates for photovoltaic applications. The technology employs AmberWave’s proprietary SiGe epitaxial layers that allow the lattice mismatch and thermal expansion differences between Ge and Si to be controlled during the growth process. Ge is nearly lattice-matched to GaAs. AmberWave has also developed process control that allows the reproducible growth of antiphase-domain free GaAs/Ge interfaces with minimal interdiffusion. This GaAs/Ge interface control has been developed for molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The result is Ge and GaAs device-quality thin films on Si substrates. AmberWave’s business strategy is to develop high efficiency (.30%) III-V thin film solar cells on Si substrates for satellite power systems. Such cells will be more than 50% lighter than current GaAs/Ge cells which would more than double the power output per unit weight. Such an advance will have great value in BMDO satellite designs since these lighter cells will also decrease mass in other supporting systems. In Phase I, AmberWave proposes to demonstrate its GaAs/SiGe on Si fabrication process on 4-inch Si wafers and evaluate a prototype GaAs solar cell on Si. |
| AMERICAN SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP.
149 Grove Street Watertown, MA 02172 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 836-4200
Calman Gold BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Exciter and Cryogenic Electronic Regulator for HTS Electrical Machinery |
| Abstract: | A novel brushless exciter and cryogenically operable power electronic current regulator and controls are proposed for electrical machines (motors, generators, magnets), incorporating high temperature superconductor (HTS) windings and coils. The benefits of the approach are both a substantial reduction in the cryogenic cooling power requirement of the machine and a commensurate reduction of cost, system losses, and weight |
| AMERICAN SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP.
149 Grove Street Watertown, MA 02172 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 836-4200
Leslie G. Fritzemeier BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Non-Vacuum YBCO Thick Film Processing |
| Abstract: | High power density non-nuclear power sources are required for BMDO, TMD and NMD applications. Systems operating at liquid nitrogen temperature using superconducting wire with high engineering current densities will successfully enable these applications. YBCO coated conductors offer the most promise for generator systems but require advances in coating processes to reduce cost and process complexity for high critical current density conductors. A low cost, thick film process incorporating advantages of existing laboratory methods will be demonstrated. This approach combines the demonstrated high critical current densities of the ex situ BaF2 deposition approach with a proven commercial non-vacuum deposition method for production of long lengths of YBCO superconducting tape. The objective of the Phase I and II efforts is development of superior YBCO coated conductor to enable the demonstration of efficient, high power density power systems for airborne use. The Phase I effort will demonstrate that this thick film deposition approach will produce YBCO films with superconducting performance comparable to benchmark vacuum and solution deposition processes. A scaleable manufacturing process for the uniform deposition of the precursor over long lengths of substrate will be demonstrated. The manufacturing robustness and cost benefits of the deposition approach over competing approaches will be assessed. |
| APPLIED THIN FILMS, INC.
Suite 102, 1840 Oak Ave. Evanston, IL 60201 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(847) 491-7805
Ilwon Kim BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Engineered Conducting Buffer Layers for High-Temperature Superconductor Coated Conductors |
| Abstract: | This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project is proposed to identify and develop new robust buffer layers for superconducting YBCO-coated metal tape technology. The approach is to develop a new conducting buffer layer which we have identified as an excellent template for YBCO growth. This particular buffer composition should allow the growth of an extremely thin, compatible oxide layer which should enhance the deposition of the YBCO. These buffer materials have substantial advantages over conventional oxide buffer layers, including high strength, toughness, electrical and thermal conductivity. The purpose of this Phase I investigation is to develop buffer layers which promote improved YBCO growth, resulting in higher critical currents. The Phase I effort will involve growth of textured buffer layers on biaxially-textured Ni substrates. Additionally, the in-situ growth of thin intermediate stabilization layers between the buffer and YBCO films will be pursued. Suitably thick YBCO layers (up to a micron) will be overgrown on buffer-coated Ni tapes using pulsed laser deposition. Material characterization of the buffer and YBCO layers will be done using x-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements will be carried out to test their current carrying capacities. |
| BIPOLAR TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
4724 North Brentwood Circle Provo, UT 84604 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(801) 225-1974
Narayan Doddapaneni BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Non-Precious Metal Macrocyclic Catalysts for O2-Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells |
| Abstract: | Fuel cells offer the potential to dramatically reduce environmental pollution as well as our dependence on foreign oil. They are actively being developed as alternated energy sources for transportation, stationary and military applications. The degradation of oxygen electrode catalysts (e.g., Pt, Ag, and others) and corrosions of carbon substrate make commercialization of present fuel cells economically unattractive. In addition, the fuel (methanol, ethanol) crossover to cathodes causes severe thermal management and cell voltage drop due to oxidation of fuel at the platinized cathode. In order to eliminate/minimize these effects; alternate inexpensive and stable catalysts are needed. Initial work has shown that metal macrocyclic complexes are promising candidates for improved O2 reduction catalysts in fuel cells, relative to present platinum catalysts. In this proposed program, we will evaluate these complexes in PEM fuel cells. The chemical and electrochemical performance and stability in the fuel cell environment will be examined. |
| BLUE SKY BATTERIES, INC.
360 N. Third, South Suite Laramie, WY 82072 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(307) 755-6490
John Michael Pope BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Molecularly-Engineered Conducting Polymer Cathodes for High Energy Density Rechargeable Lithium Batteries |
| Abstract: | This Phase I Small Business Innovation Research Proposal details the technical and business strategies of Blue Sky Batteries to develop extremely high charge capacity polymers for use as cathodes in rechargeable lithium or lithium-ion based batteries. The weight and packaging savings associated with using these polymer cathodes will translate to reduced mission cost and decreased device profile for missle defense appications. Private sector commercial benefits of using these cathodes include increased portability and flexibility in product design as well as reduced power storage costs |
| CERAMPHYSICS, INC.
921 Easywind Drive, Suite 110 Westerville, OH 43081 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(614) 882-2231
William N. Lawless BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Composite Dielectric Insulation for Ni/YBCO/Ag Tapes for Quench Protection |
| Abstract: | A Phase I SBIR program is proposed to develop a dielectric insulation having a large thermal conductivity in the 60-80 K range for the quench protection of Ni/YBCO/Ag tapes. A composite approach will be taken where ceramic powders having a large thermal conductivity are mixed with an organic carrier (either GE 7031 or Formvar) that cures at room temperature (elevated temperatures are avoided to protect the oxygen stochiometry of the YBCO). Thermal conductivities (60-100 K) and thermal expansions (60-300 K) will be measured on candidate composites and downselected composites will be coated on Ni and Ag substrates for thermal cycling tests (300-77 K) and on Ag wires for voltage standoff measurements at 77 K. The specific heat of the final downselected composite will be measured (60-100 K) and the thermal diffusivity determined. The results of the research will be documented. |
| DAYSTAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
303 S. Broadway, B-415 Denver, CO 80209 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 722-4197
John R. Tuttle BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | 1000 W/kg Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cell Technology |
| Abstract: | This proposal seeks to investigate the possibility of achieving aggressive weight and cost targets for space asset power sources through the use of thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technology. Daystar Technologies has previously demonstrated copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) thin film PV cells on stainless steel foil with AM1.5 efficiencies in excess of 16%. These performance levels offer the possibility of array specific power in excess of 200 W/kg. Initial flight tests have shown that CIGS is radiation-tolerant in low earth orbit (LEO). In the proposed project, we will address technical issues necessary to prove efficacy of the technology base. This includes cell fabrication processes, cell performance on very lightweight substrates, conceptual packaging design and preliminary space qualification of materials. Successful completion of Phase I will lead to a Phase II proposal where cell packaging, space qualification, module design and manufacturing system design will be completed |
| DYNAMIC STRUCTURES & MATERIALS, LLC
309 Williamson Square Franklin, TN 37064 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(615) 595-6665
Jeffrey S.N. Paine BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Portable High Efficiency Power Source for Missile Technology |
| Abstract: | DSM is proposing the use of a novel high efficiency AMTEC (Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter) as an increased efficiency power source for space missions and various ground applications. The AMTEC device is very flexible and adapts well to a variety of physical geometries. The proposed system can be easily adjusted and utilized in low earth orbit sensor satellite, or ground based assets. The size and configuration is similar to a battery. A proposed design is an energy converter with the following characteristics: efficiency of 20-40 percent, power to mass ratio greater than 0.5 kW/kg, no moving parts, low maintenance, high durability, efficiency independent of size, modular construction, and ability to use solar heat sources. AMTEC is compatible with many heat and fuel sources. AMTEC unit has high power density at 150 to 450 kilowatts/m3. Predicted cell power densities are near 80 watts per kilogram. AMTEC is environmentally friendly (no residue) and there is minimal risk of operational failure |
| ELECTRO ENERGY, INC.
19 Hillandale Road Brookfield, CT 06804 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(203) 797-2699
Jack T. Brown BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Non-Nuclear Power Sources and Power Conditioning Advanced Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery With New Materials and Design |
| Abstract: | This proposal anticipates research on the development of an advanced battery based on nickel-metal hydride chemistry with a unique new design but more particulary a new light weight, highly efficient, low-cost hydrogen storage material for the battery anode in place of the usual metal hydride alloy. The new material will store large amounts of gaseous hydrogen in carbon nanotubes with a storage capability as high as nine hydrogen atoms per carbon atom. Implication is for a reduction of the weight of the anode electrode by up to 80 percent and a doubling of the nickel-metal hydride battery energy density, which presently used materials, including the LANi5 type hydrogen storage anode alloy has a theoretical upper bound energy density of 215 watt-hours per kilogram. Preliminary results indicate a very stable hydrogen regeneration. Into and out of the nanotube indicating a long life battery system would result. The EEI project would include incorporating the new material as a plastic-bond electrode made by an EEI patented process and incorporated into EEI patented “wafer cell” design. Test cells will be used of a size which would enable a proposed design in the required 0.5 to 5 kw power range. |
| GLOBAL SOLAR ENERGY, LLC
12401 West 49th Avenue Wheat Ridge, Co 80033 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 420-1141
Joseph H. Armstrong BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Monolithically-Integrated Thin-Film Diode Protection for Flexible CIGS Solar Arrays |
| Abstract: | Photovoltaic (PV) cells are low-voltage devices that must be connected in series to provide suitable voltage for given applications. PV cells generate a photocurrent when exposed to light, but behave like a conventional diode when shaded. Hence, when one or more cells in a string are shaded, they are reverse biased by the remaining operating cells, which heats and potentially damages them. Array protection is especially critical in space where the higher sunlight intensity results in 40% more available power. To protect against damage, PV arrays often incorporate discrete diodes to bypass these cells in case of shading. These diodes require additional installation steps that increase solar array cost and affect reliability. Our flexible, monolithically-integrated thin-film CIGS photovoltaics are survivable in space and exhibit high specific power. Also, monolithically-integrated CIGS arrays are inherently low-cost due to lower material and installation cost. However, to exploit the above advantages, we must also incorporate monolithically-integrated diode protection. In this program, we shall demonstrate a method to incorporate flexible CIGS diode protection, and thus assuring a simple, low-cost, lightweight protected array for space as well as provide a basis for polycrystalline thin-film devices for flexible electrical components and flat panel displays. |
| HESTON CONSULTING CO., INC.
430 Lebanon Road West Mifflin, PA 15122 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(412) 462-9877
Lawrence J. Long BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Superconducting and Cryogenic Stators for Lightweight Cryogenic Generators |
| Abstract: | There is an emerging class of post cold war airborne and groundbased military weapons and surveillance systems that will require unprecedented amounts of electrical power. Unless high power electrical generators are developed that weigh no more than one fifth as much as the lightest available generators, these systems will not be possible. While superconducting generator technology has always promised very lightweight generators, these devices have been too unreliable for military applications. Many of the design problems were caused by using cryogenic rotors with warm (non-cryogenic) stators. Reliable cryogenic generators must use cryogenic stators and cryogenic rotors. Advances in high temperature superconductors (and other cryogenic conductors) may finally allow us to build practical cryogenic generators. This proposed SBIR program will design two one-megawatt cryogenic stators, using state-of-the-art conductor and cooling technology. One stator will be designed for low voltage missions (50-200 volts) and the other will be designed for high voltage missions (10,000-20,000 volts). The two interchangeable cryogenic stators will be designed to mate with a one-megawat HTS cryogenic rotor (being built by Heston Consulting in another BMDO SBIR program) to produce a complete cryogenic generator that is light, inexpensive and reliable enough for military applications. |
| INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS, INC.
2766 Indian Ripple Rd. Dayton, OH 45440 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(937) 255-2923
Peter Bletzinger BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | GaN/AlGaN Devices for Space Based Defense Systems |
| Abstract: | The primary technical goal of the proposed program is the development of electronic devices that are capable of satisfying the high-frequency, radiation-tolerant performance requirements of BMDO space-based tracking and surveillance defense systems. The highly skilled team of Dr. Peter Bletzinger (ISSI) and Prof. Hadis Morkos (Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU) has been assembled to accomplish this goal. Phase I should be a three-fold effort: 1) GaN/A1GaN film growth and characterization to demonstrate device quality epi on Si substrates; 2) plasmaetching investigation focusing on a RIE/ICP dual or two-step process, including an effort to investigate environmentally friendly process gas(s) that provide high-vapor pressure Ga-halogen compounds; and 3) details device design, including template design for both A1N and flip-chip configurations |
| LITHIUM POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
20955 Morris Ave., P.O.Box 978 Manvel, TX 77578 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(281) 489-4889
Dr. M. Z. A. Munshi BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | High Energy Density Metallized Film Capacitors |
| Abstract: | This Phase I program is to identify and perform research on novel film dielectric materials capable of being highly energetic with large dielectric constants, exhibiting excellent dissipation factor, indulation resistance, breakdown voltage, reliability and clearing ability. Such film material could also be used for high-rep-rate applications. The novel polymer dielectric material is expected to provide at least three folds improvement in energy storage density compared to what is presently available for PVDF dielectric material. This work will attempt to identify material which are highly energetic and yet more stable than PVDF. The proposed research activities focus on the preparation of these new polymers as well as fabrication, characterization and testing of fully wound capacitors |
| SIGMA TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
10960 North Stallard Place Tucson, AZ 85737 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(520) 575-8013
Ali Boufelfel BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Ultra-High Energy Density Polymer Film Capacitors |
| Abstract: | Recent developments in ferroelectric film surface modifications hold a greater promise for the development of lighweight ultra high energy density film capacitors. The proposed work will utilize a film structure modification method and several polymer film innovations that have been energy density. In the phase I program, we propose to design and fabricate high voltage, high current (<0.1ms discharge) capacitors, with an energy density of 10-15J/cc, based on existing and proven capacitor technology. The new capacitor design will based on Sigma’s new hybrid treated polymer film technology that allows the production of polymer films that have improved self healing characteristics, higher breakdown strength, lower dielectric absorption and superior thermal and mechanical properties which result in higher current carrying ability. In the Phase I program 25.0µF/5300V parts with energy densities of 10-15J/cc will be produced and tested. In the Phase II program, specific DoD applications will be addressed and capacitors will be produced and delivered for field testing. |
| STRUCTURED MATERIALS INDUSTRIES, INC.
120 Centennial Avenue Piscataway, NJ 08854 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(732) 885-5909
Zane A. Shellenbarger BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Greater than 30% Efficient Monolithic Tandem Antimonide TPV Cells |
| Abstract: | The IR Devices, Modules, and Materials Group at Structured Materials Industries (SMI) proposes the development of high efficiency tandem cells based on antimonide materials for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications. The structure of this device will be a dual-junction monolithic tandem cell. Working with Sarnoff Corporation, SMI has recently demonstrated a high-efficiency InGaAsSb TPV cell with a cut-off wavelength of 2.3 microns. This cell represents the state-of-the-art with internal quantum efficiencies over 90% at a peak wavelength of 2.0 microns. To significantly improve upon this device, a next generation of dual junction tandem TPV cells with conversion efficiencies in the range of 30 to 40% need to be developed. The innovation of the proposed program will be development of the first tandem cells for TPV applications that provide greater than 30% energy conversion efficiency. In the Phase I program, we will determine the most promising structure for a high-efficiency tandem TPV cell, building upon our existing InGaAsSb device for the bottom cell. Experimental work will utilize our existing epitaxial growth and processing technologies for fabricating these devices. When fully developed, this technology will result in a significantly higher performance, lower weight, cost-effective improvement for low temperature TPV generating systems. |
| SUNPOWER CORP.
435 Indio Way Sunnyvale, CA 94086 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(408) 991-0910
Pierre J. Verlinden BMDO 99-005 |
| Title: | Point-Contact Silicon Photovoltaic Cell for Space Applications |
| Abstract: | SunPower proposes a high-efficiency, radiation-tolerant, thin silicon photovoltaic cell for space power generation. Compared to competing III-V (GaAs) photovoltaic cells, this cell is expected to provide nearly equivalent output power at about one-quarter of the cost. Based on preliminary simulations, we expect that the cell will achieve 18.8% beginning-of-life (BOL) AMO efficiency. Using SunPower’s experimentally validated degradation models for lifetime surface recombination velocity, and emitter saturation current, we predict 15.7% end-of-life (EOL) efficiency after 1E15/cm2 of 1 MeV electron irradiation. At EOL, the cell is expected to provide over 80% of its BOL output power, making it as, or more, radiation tolerant than a typical GaAs/Ge cell. The specific power of this cell is projected to be more than 1.0 kW/kg at EOL, which is significantly, better than competing III-V cells. The cell design incorporates very thin float-zone (FZ) wafers with back-side point-contacts, similar to photovoltaic cells SunPower has commercialized for solar airplane and terrestrial concentrator applications. Phase I will fund process development, fabrication of prototype cells, and preliminary radiation tolerance testing |
| AGUILA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
310 Via Vera Cruz, Suite 107 San Marcos, CA 92069 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(760) 752-1194
Sherry Zhu BMDO 99-006 |
| Title: | High Performance Nanocomposites for Extreme Thermal Environments |
| Abstract: | The goal of this project is to develop an entirely new polymer/inorganic nanocomposites. New polymer melt processing technology which incorporates conventional extrusion processes will be developed for producing these new polymer/inorganic nanocomposites. The new process will involve organophilic modification of layered minerals, promotion of polymer melt intercalation, and reaction processing to produce the nanocomposites. The new materials will be thoroughly characterized by morphological analysis and mechanical testing. The new nanocomposites will be especially useful for both of cryogenic and high temperature applications, can be inexpensively produced, and will offer important improvements in polymer composite material’s mechanical, thermal and chemical properties. There is an immediate application for these composites in liquid rocket engine components if they can be shown to meet the cryogenic and permeability requiremetns. The Phase I will aim to demonstrate feasibility of the innovative materials and new process, test properties of these new materials, and provide a baseline leading toward commercialization. |
| BURLEIGH INSTRUMENTS, INC.
Main Street Fishers, NY 14453 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(716) 924-9355
David Arthur Henderson BMDO 99-006 |
| Title: | Piezoelectric Spherical Pointing System (PSPS) for Microsatellite Electric Thrusters |
| Abstract: | A Piezoelectric Spherical Pointing System (PSPS) is proposed for electric microsatellite thrusters. This two-axis pointing system uses a single spherical shell that allows direct bearing support, actuation, and position measurement from a single spherical surface. When compared to a classical nested gimbal design the PSPS; (1) requires fewer parts, (2) needs fewer flex cables and lines, (3) is smaller and lighter for the same performance, (4) can use small and low power piezoelectric motors, (5) holds off-power position and is less susceptible to overload torque damage, (6) has symmetric dynamic response, (8) requires minimal launch caging locks, and (9) uses simple linear position encoders to measure angle. Integrating the PSPS with a Hall effect thruster creates an optimized thruster and pointing system for small lightweight satellites (MicroSats and NanoSats). Hall effect thrusters offer significant performance advantages for satellite orbit insertion, orbit transfer, station keeping, attitude control, and de-orbiting. Significant miniaturization and improvement of MicroSat propulsion systems has already been completed which has reduced the wet mass of a satellite. The objective of this project is to demonstrate additional weight savings in the thruster pointing system and bring the full concept of a NanoSat one step closer to reality. |
| CERAMIC COMPOSITES, INC.
1100 Benfield Blvd Millersville, MD 21108 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(410) 224-3710
Walter Zimbeck BMDO 99-006 |
| Title: | Freeform Fabrication of Lightweighted Rhenium Components |
| Abstract: | Development of a stereolithography-based fabrication technique is proposed that will enable lower cost fabrication of complex shaped, high strength rhenium components. In addition, an innovative design approach will be developed that utilizes the capability of stereolithography to fabricate complex internal structures. Cellular architectures will be designed based on predicted thermal and mechanical stresses in use and will be built such that the mass efficiency of the rhenium component is optimized. Lightweighting of rhenium components by 30% - 70% is anticipated. Phase I will focus on achieving strengths in test specimens comparable to conventionally processed rhenium. Sample characterization will include density, tensile strength and microstructure. |
| FLUOROCHEM, INC.
680 S. Ayon Avenue Azusa, CA 91702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 334-6714
Kurt Baum BMDO 99-006 |
| Title: | Unusual Route to Difluoramino Compounds useful as Rocket Propellant Ingredients |
| Abstract: | BMDO has a continuing need for advanced propulsion technologies for both TMD and NMD applications. A particularly critical requirement is for rocket propellants with higher performance than state-of-the-art materials. The ability to intercept ballistic or tactical missiles puts a premium on the accelerating power of propulsion systems. It is known that the difluoramino group is superior to other common oxidizing functional groups as a source of combustion energy in combination with hydrocarbon or metallic fuels. With boron-based fuels, BOF is formed, which is non-condensable. The elimination of two-phase flow losses can result in 3-4% increase in performance. It has been difficult, however, to devise synthetic schemes for the preparation of propellant ingredients containing difluoramino groups that have sufficient overall content of oxidizing groups to meet formulation requirements. Under the proposed program, a little-studied method for the preparation of compounds with difluoramino and nitro groups will be elaborated for the synthesis of practical propellant ingredients. The overall simplicity of the approach means that useful target compounds can potentially be attained at substantially lower cost than those using methods currently under intensive study |
| FLUOROCHEM, INC.
680 S. Ayon Avenue Azusa, CA 91702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 334-6714
Kurt Baum BMDO 99-006 |
| Title: | High Performance Azidonitro Plasticizers |
| Abstract: | Advanced propulsion technologies are needed by BMDO for both TMD and NMD applications. The ability to intercept ballistic or tactical missiles puts a premium on the accelerating power of propulsion systems, and consequently on the energy content of propellant ingresients. Under the proposed program, a little-studied method for the preparation of compounds containing azido and nitro will be utilized for the preparation of higher performance solid propellant ingredients. An important advantage imparted by azides is that optimum performance is achieved at relatively low flame temperatures, with increased ballistic control. Thus, nozzle erosion is reduced while desirable high expansion ratios are maintained. The stability properties of the products will be examined to determine if the materials meet the requirements of propellant ingredients |
| HI-Z TECHNOLOGY, INC.
7606 Miramar Road, Suite 7400 San Diego, CA 92126 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 695-6660
Norbert B. Elsner BMDO 99-006 |
| Title: | Development of Low Cost Ceramics: For use at 3700-4900F(2038-2704C)(Phase I)/For use at 4900-6200F(2704-3427C)(Phase I Option |
| Abstract: | A program is presented for developing ceramic materials for operation at 3700-4900 F (2038-2704 C) with non-aluminized propellants and at 4900-6200 F (2704-3427 C) with aluminized propellants. At the lower temperature range the promising HfBx-HfCy-SiC-XX compositions will be evaluated where XX are rare earth borides such as YB2. These alloys (without XX) exhibited very good performance in arc jet (low pressure) evaluation and must now be evaluated in a rocket engine environment (high pressure). At the higher temperature range, TaC will be evaluated along with HfC for comparison. No data is available on TaC in this particular temperature range and pressure. |
| JOHNSON ROCKETS, INC.
359 Fairview Drive Carson City, NV 89701 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(775) 885-0139
Curtis W. Johnson BMDO 99-006 |
| Title: | Emission Reduction through Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Real Engine Effects (REE) |
| Abstract: | Missile defense systems rely heavily on plume signature recognition to help identify and neutralize hostile missiles. Unfortunately, plume signature modeling has proven to be extremely difficult, with modelers struggling to obtain good agreement between predictions and data. The modeled exhaust conditions display a significant lack of fidelity as compared to the actual constituents exiting the engine. In particular, soot concentration, which as a continuum radiator in the IR spectrum is extremely important to good signature prediction, varies considerably within the plume because it is dependent upon the soot producing, fuel-rich regions in the exhaust. Fuel-rich regions have proven especially difficult to model. Johnson Rockets, along with the Naval Postgraduate School, has been developing methods for accurately predicting soot concentrations in exhaust plumes. Expansion of this work will vastly increase both the modeling capabilities of the chemical kinetics of hydrocarbon combustion and our understanding of O/F variation in the combustion chamber. Increasing our modeling capabilities with respect to these combustion phenomena will provide methods for predicting soot production that are essential for plume recognition modeling |
| NEW ENGLAND SPACE WORKS, INC.
24 Swift Road Framingham, MA 01702 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(508) 626-0467
Lynn B. Olson BMDO 99-006 |
| Title: | Plume Control in the RF Plasma Thruster |
| Abstract: | New England Space Works proposes to magnetically control the thrust plume from an RF plasma thruster. Two issues will be addressed, plume divergence and thrust direction. Plume divergence is controlled by the point in the exhaust where the plasma breaks free of the magnetic field lines. The physical model for the thrust divergence will be verified, then used to design a unique magnetic circuit to minimize divergence. The use of magnetic coils to change thrust direction without use of gimbals will also be examined. This work will enhance the RF plasma thruster, uniquely suited for low power operation because it does not have the hollow cathode propellant losses of gridded ion and Hall thrusters, nor the propellant loss at end of pulse of the PPT. |
| ADVANCED REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGIES
P.O.Box 1361 Boulder, CO 80306 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(303) 447-2917
Ran Yaron BMDO 99-007 |
| Title: | Bubble Refrigerator |
| Abstract: | Advanced Refrigeration Technologics, Inc. proposes to BMDO a dual use opportunity for a core technology devices. Device capable to convert efficiently electrical power to mechanical work at over 50 W/mm3, which is over l,000 times higher then any other motor, piezoelectric or smart material. The entire device will be constructed with micro-machining technologies used in the semiconductor industry resulting in micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) few mm in size running at 100,000 Hz and comparable in refrigeration power to conventional refrigerator more than 1,000 times in size. |
| ALLCOMP, INC.
209 Puente Avenue City of Industry, CA 91746 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(626) 369-4572
Wei T SHIH BMDO 99-007 |
| Title: | Novel Composites for Microelectronic Packaging Applications |
| Abstract: | By selectively converting the carbon matrix of high conductivity C-C to SiC, a CTE tailored Hi-K thermal management material will be developed. Recycled A/C brake C-C and proven one-step low-cost Hi-K C-C will be selected for the proposed development activity. Used brake material will be further processed to maximize its thermal conductivity. Samples will be machined and CVR converted to silicon carbide. The resulting surfaces will be characterized. The compatibility and thermal performance between these materials and chip packaging substrates will be demonstrated. Technology and production cost will be assessed at the end of Phase I. These information will serve as the foundation for the Phase II proposal. In Phase II, the conversion process, the surface roughness, the efficiency of machining and many other related issues will be further studied. The source of worn C-C brake will be identified and secured for possible production. The conversion process will also be scaled up. It is anticipated that real applications, both at chip level and at MCM packaging level, will be identified and prototype components will be fabricated and evaluated for both military and commercial applications |
| ENERGY SCIENCE LABORATORIES, INC.
10955 John J. Hopkins Drive San Diego, CA 92121 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 552-2039
Christopher Lawrence Seam BMDO 99-007 |
| Title: | High Conductance Thermal Interface |
| Abstract: | This SBIR Phase I project investigates a concept for improving the total thermal conductance between interfacing components by an order of magnitude over conventional thermal gaskets and adhesives. The developed interface gaskets will have ultra-high conductance, high compliance, and low outgassing. They will work well in vacuum and when interfacing components with nonflat surfaces, large gaps, and/or significant CTE mismatch. They will have simple attachment and removal procedures. The concept relies on novel compliant materials that have high interfacial conductance at low contact pressure between surfaces that need not be flat. These materials should lead to significant weight savings by eliminating the need for heavy stiffeners and clamping mechanisms. Phase I effort shall aim at fabricating test specimens which demonstrate the concept. Thermal and mechanical testing will be performed to demonstrate performance. Phase II would further develop the materials for use in spacecraft, missile, and commercial thermal control systems |
| MAINSTREAM ENGINEERING CORP.
200 Yellow Place, Pines Industrial Center Rockledge, FL 32955 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(407) 631-3550
Lawrence R. Grzyll BMDO 99-007 |
| Title: | A High-Efficiency, Low-Power, Two-Phase Pumped Loop (MEC Proposal No. 901LG2003) |
| Abstract: | The goal of this Phase I research is to design, fabricate, and test a high-efficiency, low-power, two-phase pumped loop. This high-efficiency, low-power, two-phase pumped loop will use a unique two-phase working fluid pair that offers the capability of higher efficiency and lower pumping power because of its heat of solution characteristic. This heat of solution characteristic, combined with the latent heat of vaporization, significantly increases the cooling capacity of the working fluid, resulting in significantly lower flow rates required for a given cooling load, decreasing the pumping power required. The Phase I effort will analyze various working fluid pairs, select the optimum fluid pair, design and fabricate a two-phase pumped loop test stand, and compare the performance of the two-phase pumped loop operating with the working fluid pair to the performance of the same loop operating with two-phase single-component fluid alone |
| MS TECHNOLOGY
7922 Avenida Kirjah La Jolla, CA 92037 | |
| Phone:
PI: Topic#: |
(619) 558-6363
Dr. Saeid Ghamaty BMDO 99-007 |
| Title: | Low Cost High Performance Heat Removal Device |
| Abstract: | Future chip and board level electronics or optoelectronics will require innovative heat removal solutions to enable them to meet size, weight, power, high reliability, and low cost. Commonly, these approaches are based on efficient 2-D and 3-D arrangements of electronics, often involving "multi-chip modules" (MCMs). As chips are brought closer together, the area/volume power densities and, therefore, heat increases. MS Technology (MST) proposes a new type of heat removal modular device, which will solve electronic packaging problems of future large scale device electronic and optoelectronics systems, like MCMs. This new approach removes the generated heat by first converting it to electricity which could be dissipated in a shunt resistor far from the device or supplement the main system power supply. This supplementary power source further increases reliability, reduces cost an |